English Wikipedia（英语维基百科） – 英文词条

By cathayvista对维基百科自身的介绍

原文链接（无法从中国内地访问）：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Wikipedia

辽观提供的译文仅供参考。

辽观提供的译文与原文一道遵守CC-BY-SA 4.0协议。

文中可能包含无法从中国内地访问的链接。

The English Wikipedia is the primary[a] English-language edition of Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia. It was created by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger on January 15, 2001, as Wikipedia’s first edition.
参考译文：英文维基百科是维基百科的主要英文版本，是一个在线百科全书。它由吉米·威尔士（Jimmy Wales）和拉里·桑格（Larry Sanger）于2001年1月15日创建，是维基百科的第一个版本。

English Wikipedia is hosted alongside other language editions by the Wikimedia Foundation, an American non-profit organization. Its content is written independently of other editions[1] in various varieties of English, aiming to stay consistent within articles. Its internal newspaper is The Signpost.
参考译文：英文维基百科与其他语言版本一起由美国非营利组织维基媒体基金会托管。其内容是独立编写的，与其他语言版本无关，使用各种不同的英语变体，以在文章中保持一致。英文维基百科还有自己的内部报纸《The Signpost》。

English Wikipedia is the most-read version of Wikipedia[2] and has the most articles of any edition, at 6,708,434 as of September 2023.[3] It contains 10.9% of articles in all Wikipedias,[3] although it lacks millions of articles found in other editions.[1] The edition’s one-billionth edit was made on January 13, 2021.[4]
参考译文：截至2023年9月，英文维基百科是维基百科中阅读量最多的版本[2]，也是文章数量最多的版本，达到了6,708,434篇文章[3]。它包含了所有维基百科版本中的10.9%的文章[3]，尽管它缺少其他版本中的数百万篇文章[1]。该版本在2021年1月13日完成了第十亿次编辑[4]。

English Wikipedia, often as a stand-in for Wikipedia overall, has been praised for its enablement of the democratization of knowledge, extent of coverage, unique structure, culture, and reduced degree of commercial bias. It has been criticized for exhibiting systemic bias, particularly gender bias against women and ideological bias.[5][6] While its reliability was frequently criticized in the 2000s, it has improved over time, receiving greater praise in the late 2010s and early 2020s,[7][5][8][b] having become an important fact-checking site.[9][10] English Wikipedia has been characterized as having less cultural bias than other language editions due to its broader editor base.[2]
参考译文：英文维基百科经常代表整个维基百科，因其促进知识的民主化、广泛的覆盖范围、独特的结构、文化以及较低的商业偏见而受到赞扬[5] [6]。然而，它也因存在系统性偏见而受到批评，特别是对女性的性别偏见和意识形态偏见[5] [6]。尽管在2000年代时，人们经常对其可靠性表示质疑，但随着时间的推移，它逐渐改进，在2010年代末和2020年代初收到更多的赞扬[7] [5] [8][b]，并成为一家重要的事实核查网站[9][10]。相比其他语言版本，英文维基百科因其更广泛的编辑者基础而被认为具有较少的文化偏见[2]。

Type of site 网站类型Internet encyclopedia 网络百科全书
Owner 所有者Wikimedia Foundation 维基媒体基金会
URL 网址en.wikipedia.org
Commercial 是否商业性质No 否
Registration 注册要求Optional; required for certain tasks 可选的;某些任务需要
Users 用户46,089,846 users, 888 administrators as of 2 September 2023
截至2023年9月2日，46,089,846名用户，888名管理员
Launched 启动时间15 January 2001; 22 years ago 二零零一年一月十五日;22年前
Content license
内容授权许可		Creative Commons Attribution/
Share-Alike 4.0 (most text also dual-licensed under GFDL)
Media licensing varies
知识共享署名/相同方式共享4.0(大多数文本也遵循GFDL双重许可)
媒体许可各不相同

1. 文章 Articles

Screenshot of Wikipedia’s article on Earth, January 18, 2023
图片作者：Wikipedia

Editors of the English Wikipedia have pioneered some ideas as conventions, policies or features which were later adopted by Wikipedia editions in some of the other languages. These ideas include “featured articles”,[11] the neutral-point-of-view policy,[12] navigation templates,[13] the sorting of short “stub” articles into sub-categories,[14] dispute resolution mechanisms such as mediation and arbitration,[15] and weekly collaborations.[16]
参考译文：英文维基百科的编辑者在某些约定、政策或功能方面开创了一些思想，随后被其他语言版本的维基百科采纳。这些思想包括“特色条目”[11]、中立观点方针[12]、导航模板[13]、将短小的“存栏小作品”文章分类到子类别中[14]、调解和仲裁等争议解决机制[15]，以及每周合作项目[16]。

It surpassed six million articles on 23 January 2020.[17] In November 2022, the total volume of the compressed texts of its articles amounted to 20 gigabytes.[18]
参考译文：英文维基百科于2020年1月23日突破了六百万篇文章[17]。截止2022年11月，其文章的压缩文本总量达到了20千兆字节[18]。

The edition’s one-billionth edit was made on 13 January 2021 by Ser Amantio di Nicolao (Steven Pruitt) who as of that date is the user with the highest number of edits on the English Wikipedia, at over four million.[4] Currently, there are 6,708,434 articles created with 905,179 files. The encyclopedia is home to 10.9% of articles in all Wikipedias (down from more than 50% in 2003).[19][20] The English Wikipedia currently has 46,089,846 registered accounts of which 888 are administrators.
参考译文：该版本的第十亿次编辑是由Ser Amantio di Nicolao（Steven Pruitt）于2021年1月13日完成的。截至该日期，他是英文维基百科编辑数量最多的用户，超过了400万次编辑[4]。目前，英文维基百科共有6,708,434篇文章和905,179个文件。该百科全书包含了所有维基百科中的10.9%的文章（相比于2003年的50%以上有所下降）[19][20]。英文维基百科目前拥有46,089,846个注册账户，其中888个是管理员。

2. 维基人（维基百科用户）Wikipedians

The English Wikipedia reached 4,000,000 registered user accounts on 1 April 2007,[21] over a year since the millionth Wikipedian registered an account in February 2006.[22]
参考译文：英文维基百科在2007年4月1日达到了400万个注册用户账户的数量，与2006年2月第一百万个维基人注册账户相隔了一年多。

Over 1,100,000 editors have edited Wikipedia more than 10 times.[23] Over 30,000 editors perform more than 5 edits per month, and over 3,000 perform more than 100 edits per month.[24]
参考译文：超过1,100,000名编辑者对维基百科进行了超过10次的编辑。超过30,000名编辑每月进行超过5次的编辑，而超过3,000名编辑每月进行超过100次的编辑。

Number of editors on the English Wikipedia over time
随着时间的推移，英文维基百科的编辑人数不断变化。
图片作者：A455bcd9
Edits to English Wikipedia by country as of January 2022
截至2022年1月，根据不同国家的编辑数量统计，英文维基百科的编辑次数如图。
图片作者：Piotrus

On March 1, 2014, The Economist, in an article titled “The Future of Wikipedia”, cited a trend analysis concerning data published by the Wikimedia Foundation stating that “[t]he number of editors for the English-language version has fallen by a third in seven years.”[25] The attrition rate for active editors in English Wikipedia was cited by The Economist as substantially in contrast to statistics for Wikipedia in other languages (non-English Wikipedia). The Economist reported that the number of contributors with an average of five or more edits per month was relatively constant since 2008 for Wikipedia in other languages at approximately 42,000 editors within narrow seasonal variances of about 2,000 editors up or down. The number of active editors in English Wikipedia, by “sharp” comparison, was cited as peaking in 2007 at approximately 50,000 and dropping to 30,000 by the start of 2014.
参考译文：在2014年3月1日，《经济学人》在一篇名为《维基百科的未来》的文章中引用了维基媒体基金会发布的一项趋势分析数据，称“英文版维基百科的编辑人数在七年内减少了三分之一。”《经济学人》认为，英文维基百科活跃编辑的流失率与其他语言版本的维基百科相比显著不同。《经济学人》还报道称，自2008年起，其他语言维基百科每月平均有超过五次编辑的贡献者人数相对稳定，约为42,000名编辑，季节性波动范围在2,000名编辑左右。相比之下，英文维基百科的活跃编辑人数在2007年达到高峰，约为50,000人，而到2014年初则降至30,000人。

The trend analysis published in The Economist presents Wikipedia in other languages (non-English Wikipedia) as successful in retaining their active editors on a renewable and sustained basis, with their numbers remaining relatively constant at approximately 42,000.[25]
参考译文：《经济学人》刊登的趋势分析显示，其他语言版本的维基百科（非英文维基百科）在持续吸引和保留活跃编辑方面取得了成功，他们的编辑人数相对稳定，约为42,000人。

The English Wikipedia has the Arbitration Committee (also known as ArbCom) that consists of a panel of editors that imposes binding rulings with regard to disputes between other editors of the online encyclopedia.[26] It was created by Jimmy Wales on 4 December 2003 as an extension of the decision-making power he had formerly held as owner of the site.[27][28] When it was founded, the committee consisted of 12 arbitrators divided into three groups of four members each.[27][29]
参考译文：英文维基百科设有仲裁委员会（也称为ArbCom），由一组编辑组成，负责就其他编辑之间的争议做出具有约束力的裁决。该委员会由吉米·威尔士于2003年12月4日创建，作为他作为该网站所有者之前拥有的决策权的延伸。创立时，该委员会由12名仲裁员组成，分为三个小组，每个小组有四名成员。

In 2022, for English Wikipedia, Americans accounted for about 40% of active editors, followed by British and Indian editors accounting for about 10% of each, and Canadian and Australian at about 5%.[30]
参考译文：根据2022年的数据，英文维基百科的活跃编辑中，美国人约占40%，其次是英国和印度的编辑，各约占10%，加拿大和澳大利亚的编辑占比约为5%。

3. 争议 Controversies

See also: Criticism of Wikipedia, Essjay controversy, and Wikipedia Seigenthaler biography incident
参考译文：参见：对维基百科的批评、Essjay争议和维基百科Seigenthaler传记事件。

This article’s Criticism or Controversy section may compromise the article’s neutrality by separating out potentially negative information. Please integrate the section’s contents into the article as a whole, or rewrite the material. (July 2023)
参考译文：（编辑建议）本文的“批评”或“争议”部分可能会损害文章的中立性，因为它将潜在的负面信息分离出来。请将该部分的内容整合到整篇文章中，或进行重写。（2023年7月）

3.1 英语的类型 English varieties

One controversy in the English Wikipedia concerns which national variety of the English language is to be preferred, two candidates being American English and British English.[31] Suggestions range from standardizing upon a single form of English to forking the English Wikipedia project.[citation needed] A style guideline states, “the English Wikipedia has no general preference for a major national variety of the language” and “an article on a topic that has strong ties to a particular English-speaking nation uses the appropriate variety of English for that nation”.[32]
参考译文：英文维基百科存在一个争议，即关于应该优先采用哪种英语国家的语言变体，其中两个候选人分别是美式英语和英式英语。建议从标准化使用一种英语形式到分叉维基百科项目的范围广泛。一项风格指南指出，“英文维基百科不偏好任何一种主要的英语国家变体”，“有着与特定英语国家有着紧密联系的主题的文章使用该国适用的英语变体”。

3.2 有争议的文章 Disputed articles

A 2013 study from Oxford University concluded that the most disputed articles on the English Wikipedia tended to be broader issues, while on other language Wikipedias the most disputed articles tended to be regional issues; this is due to the English language’s status as a global lingua franca, which means that some who edit the English Wikipedia have English as their second language. The study stated that the most disputed entries on the English Wikipedia were: George W. Bush, anarchism, Muhammad, list of WWE personnel, global warming, circumcision, United States, Jesus, race and intelligence, and Christianity.[33]
参考译文：根据牛津大学2013年的一项研究，英文维基百科上最有争议的文章往往涉及更广泛的议题，而其他语言的维基百科上最有争议的文章往往涉及地区性问题；这是由于英语作为全球通用语言的地位，意味着一些编辑英文维基百科的人英语是他们的第二语言。该研究指出，英文维基百科上最有争议的条目包括：乔治·W·布什、无政府主义、穆罕默德、WWE人员名单、全球变暖、割礼、美国、耶稣、种族与智力以及基督教。

3.3 针对高中的暴力威胁事件 Threats against high schools

Incidents of threats of violence against high schools on Wikipedia have been reported in the press.[34][35][36] The Glen A. Wilson High School was the subject of such a threat in 2008,[34][35][36] and a 14-year-old was arrested for making a threat against Niles West High School on Wikipedia in 2006.[37]
参考译文：有关针对高中的暴力威胁事件在新闻报道中曾有所提及[34][35][36]。2008年，Glen A. Wilson高中成为了这样一种威胁的对象[34][35][36]，而在2006年，一名14岁的学生因在维基百科上对Niles West高中发出威胁被逮捕[37]。

4. 维基项目及评价 WikiProjects and assessment

Main article: WikiProject
参考译文：主条目:WikiProject

“Featured article candidates” redirects here. For the Wikipedia project page, see Wikipedia:Featured article candidates.
参考译文：”特色条目候选”重定向至此。有关维基百科项目页面，请参阅Wikipedia:特色条目候选。

A “WikiProject” is a group of contributors who want to work together as a team to improve Wikipedia. These groups may focus on a specific topic area (for example, women’s history), a specific location or a specific kind of task (for example, checking newly created pages). As of August 2022, the English Wikipedia had over 2,000 WikiProjects, for which activity varied.[38]
参考译文：”WikiProject”是一群志愿者共同组成的团队，他们希望合作改进维基百科。这些团队可能专注于特定的主题领域（例如女性历史），特定的地点或特定类型的任务（例如检查新创建的页面）。截至2022年8月，英文维基百科已经拥有超过2000个WikiProjects，其活动程度各不相同[38]。

In 2007, in preparation for producing a print version, the English Wikipedia introduced an assessment scale of the quality of articles.[39] Articles are rated by WikiProjects. The range of quality classes begins with “Stub” (very short pages), followed by “Start”, “C” and “B” (in increasing order of quality). Community peer review is needed for the article to enter one of the quality classes: either “good article“, “A” or the highest, “featured article“. Of the about 6.5 million articles and lists assessed as of April 2022, more than 6,000 (0.09%) are featured articles, and fewer than 4,000 (0.06%) are featured lists. One featured article per day, as selected by editors, appears on the main page of Wikipedia.[40][41]
参考译文：在2007年，为了制作印刷版本，英文维基百科引入了一套对文章质量进行评估的标准[39]。文章的评级由WikiProjects进行。质量等级的范围从”Stub”（非常简短的页面）开始，接着是”Start”、”C”和”B”（质量逐渐增加）。文章需要经过社区同行评审才能进入其中一个质量等级，包括”好文章”、”A级文章”以及最高级别的”特色文章”。截至2022年4月，约有650万篇文章和列表经过评估，其中超过6000篇（占比0.09%）为特色文章，而不到4000篇（占比0.06%）为特色列表。每天从编辑选择的特色文章会出现在维基百科的主页上[40][41]。

The Wikipedia Version 1.0 Editorial Team has developed a table (shown below) that displays data of all rated articles by quality and importance, on the English Wikipedia. If an article or list receives different ratings by two or more WikiProjects, then the highest rating is used in the table, pie-charts, and bar-chart. The software auto-updates the data.
参考译文：维基百科1.0编辑团队开发了一个表格（如下所示），显示了英文维基百科中按质量和重要性对所有评级文章的数据。如果一篇文章或列表在两个或更多的WikiProjects中获得不同的评级，那么表格、饼图和柱状图中将使用最高评级。软件会自动更新数据。

Researcher Giacomo Poderi found that articles tend to reach featured status via the intensive work of a few editors.[42] A 2010 study found unevenness in quality among featured articles and concluded that the community process is ineffective in assessing the quality of articles.[43]
参考译文：研究者Giacomo Poderi发现，文章通常是通过少数编辑人员的密集工作达到特色文章的地位[42]。一项2010年的研究发现，在特色文章中质量的不均衡现象，并得出结论认为社区过程在评估文章质量方面效果不佳[43]。

2. 内部新闻刊物 Internal news publications

See also: The Signpost
参见:路标

The Signpost icon, showing a styled ‘S’
参考译文：《路标》图标，显示一个风格的“S”
图片来源: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg

Community-produced news publications include The Signpost.[44] The Signpost (previously known as The Wikipedia Signpost)[45] is the English Wikipedia’s newspaper.[44][46][47] It is managed by the Wikipedia community and is published online weekly.[44][48] Each edition contains stories and articles related to the Wikipedia community.[49][50]
参考译文：社区出版的新闻刊物包括《The Signpost》[44]。《The Signpost》（前称《The Wikipedia Signpost》）是英文维基百科的报纸[44][46][47]。它由维基百科社区管理，并每周在线发布[44][48]。每一期都包含与维基百科社区相关的新闻和文章[49][50]。

The publication was founded in January 2005 by Wikipedia administrator and later Chair of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees, Michael Snow.[44][45][51] Originally titled The Wikipedia Signpost, it was later shortened to The Signpost.[45][52] The newspaper reports on Wikipedia events including Arbitration Committee rulings,[53] Wikimedia Foundation issues,[54] and other Wikipedia-related projects.[55] Snow continued to contribute as a writer to The Signpost until his appointment to the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation in February 2008.[56]
参考译文：该刊物由维基百科管理员、后来的维基媒体基金会董事会主席迈克尔·斯诺（Michael Snow）于2005年1月创立[44][45][51]。最初名为《The Wikipedia Signpost》，后来改为《The Signpost》[45][52]。该报纸报道维基百科的事件，包括仲裁委员会的裁决[53]、维基媒体基金会的问题[54]以及其他与维基百科相关的项目[55]。斯诺在2008年2月被任命为维基媒体基金会董事会成员之前，一直作为作者为《The Signpost》投稿[56]。

Investigative journalism by The Signpost in 2015 on changes to freedom of panorama copyright restrictions in Europe was covered by publications in multiple languages including German,[57] Italian,[58] Polish,[59] and Russian.[60] Wikipedia users Gamaliel and Go Phightins! became editors-in-chief of The Signpost in January 2015; prior editor-in-chief The ed17 noted that during his tenure the publication expanded its scope by including more reporting on the wider Wikimedia movement and English Wikipedia itself.[61] In a letter to readers upon the newspaper’s tenth anniversary, the co-editors-in-chief stressed the importance of maintaining independence from the Wikimedia Foundation in their reporting.[62]
参考译文：2015年，《The Signpost》对欧洲自由全景版权限制的变化进行了调查性新闻报道，并受到多种语言的出版物报道，包括德语[57]、意大利语[58]、波兰语[59]和俄语[60]。维基百科用户Gamaliel和Go Phightins!在2015年1月成为《The Signpost》的主编；前主编The ed17提到，在他的任期内，该刊物通过更多报道维基媒体运动和英文维基百科本身的内容来扩大其范围[61]。在该报纸成立十周年时，联合主编强调在报道中保持与维基媒体基金会的独立性的重要性，并向读者发表了一封信[62]。

The Signpost has been the subject of academic analysis in publications including Sociological Forum,[63] the social movements journal Interface,[64] and New Review of Academic Librarianship;[65] and was consulted for data on Wikipedia by researchers from Los Alamos National Laboratory and Dartmouth College.[66] It has garnered “positive” reception from some media publications including The New York Times,[67] The Register,[68] Nonprofit Quarterly,[69] and Heise Online.[70] John Broughton’s 2008 book Wikipedia: The Missing Manual called The Signpost “essential reading for ambitious new Wikipedia editors”.[71]
参考译文：《The Signpost》在包括《社会学论坛》（Sociological Forum）、社会运动杂志《Interface》和《学术图书馆评论新视角》等出版物中成为学术分析的研究对象[63][64][65]。洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室和达特茅斯学院的研究人员曾就维基百科的咨询《The Signpost》[66]。它在一些媒体出版物中获得了”正面”评价，包括《纽约时报》[67]、《The Register》[68]、《非营利季刊》[69]和《Heise Online》[70]。约翰·布劳顿（John Broughton）在他2008年的著作《维基百科：缺失的手册》中称《The Signpost》是”雄心勃勃的新维基百科编辑必读的资料” [71]。

Other community news publications include the “WikiWorld” web comic, the Wikipedia Weekly podcast, and newsletters of specific WikiProjects like The Bugle from WikiProject Military History and the monthly newsletter from The Guild of Copy Editors. There are a number of publications from the Wikimedia Foundation and multilingual publications such as the Wikimedia Blog and This Month in Education.
参考译文：其他社区新闻出版物包括”WikiWorld”网络漫画、《Wikipedia Weekly》播客以及特定WikiProjects的通讯，如《The Bugle》（来自维基军事历史项目）和《The Guild of Copy Editors》的月度通讯。维基媒体基金会和多语种出版物，如《Wikimedia Blog》和《This Month in Education》等，也有一系列的出版物。

参见 See also

注释 Notes

  1. ^ The other edition is Simple English Wikipedia, which uses Basic English.
    参考译文：另一个版本是简单英语维基百科使用基础英语。
  2. ^ Despite this praise, Wikipedia does not recognize itself as a reliable source.
    参考译文：尽管受到赞誉，维基百科并不认可自身作为可靠的信息来源。

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延伸阅读 Further reading

外部链接 External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to English Wikipedia.
参考译文：维基共享资源有与英文维基百科相关的媒体。

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