中文词条原文链接(无法从中国内地访问):点击这里访问。
英文词条原文链接(无法从中国内地访问):点击这里访问。本文以英文词条线索为基础,补充加入来自中文词条的部分内容。
维基百科(Wikipedia)是美国维基媒体基金会的互联网百科项目(点击这里了解更多),其内容可能受到立场、信息来源等因素影响,请客观看待。正文内容不代表译者观点。
辽观提供的翻译仅供参考。文中可能包含无法从中国内地访问的链接。
辽观所搬运的词条与原维基百科词条同样遵循CC-BY-SA 4.0协议,在符合协议要求的情况下您可以免费使用其内容(包括商用)。
封面图片:This is the logo for GLONASS.(这是格洛纳斯系统的标志)原图链接
目录
1. 正文(发布于知乎专栏)
2. 参见
- 全球定位系统(GPS)
- 多普勒卫星涮轨和无线电定位组合系统(DORIS/朵丽丝系统)
- 北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)
- 伽利略定位系统(Galileo)
- 印度区域导航卫星系统(IRNSS)
- 准天顶卫星系统(QZSS)
- 辅助全球卫星定位系统(AGPS)
- 北斗卫星导航试验系统GPS误差分析(Error analysis for the GPS)
- Aviaconversiya – a Russian satellite navigation firm
- BeiDou – Chinese counterpart
- Era-glonass – GLONASS-based system of emergency response
- Galileo – European Union’s counterpart
- Global Positioning System – American counterpart
- List of GLONASS satellites
- Multilateration – the mathematical technique used for positioning
- NAVIC – Indian counterpart
- Tsikada – a Russian satellite navigation system
3. 参考文献
3.1 中文词条
3.1.1 引用
- 存档副本. [2023-04-08]. (原始内容存档于2023-05-22).
- ^ Information and Analysis Center for Positioning, Navigation and Timing, Korolyov, Russia. Information analytical centre of GLONASS and GPS controlling. [2019-01-24]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-02).
- ^ 跳转至: 3.03.1卫星定位系统对比:GPS、GLONASS和伽利略. 中国科学院对地观测与数字地球科学中心. 2009-02-02 [2012-01-13]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-07).
- ^俄罗斯发射3颗“格洛纳斯-M”卫星. [2006-12-26]. (原始内容存档于2016-11-05).
- ^俄导航卫星发射失败系火箭助推器故障所致. 科学网. 2010-12-09 [2010-12-15]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-05).
- ^ 田冰. 俄罗斯成功发射首颗第三代全球定位导航卫星. 科学网. 2011-02-26 [2011-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-22).
- ^ 范辰言. 俄火箭搭三颗导航卫星凌空爆炸场面惨. [2013-07-02]. (原始内容存档于2019-08-12).
- ^GPS,GLONASS,GALILEO,北斗四大衛星定位系统介绍. GPS报. 2010-01-22 [2012-01-13]. (原始内容存档于2012-03-21).
- ^ 廖俊铭MOLEX LIAO. GPS簡介. Molex_Liao通信技术网. [2012-05-26]. (原始内容存档于2012-02-01) (中文(繁体)).
美国总统克林顿,2000年5月1日下令美国国防部,解除多年来对全球卫星定位系统GPS信号的干扰信号S.A. .干扰解除后,将大幅提高现有GPS的准确性,这对民间产业来说是项大利多.
- ^诺基亚手机将使用俄罗斯GLONASS导航系统. GPS世界. 2011-11-18 [2012-01-13].[失效链接]
- ^hTC發表該公司旗艦機種ONE X+使用俄罗斯GLONASS導航系统. hTC. 2012-10-16 [2012-10-16]. (原始内容存档于2013-02-15).
3.1.2 参考文献
- ИНТЕРФЕЙСНЫЙ КОНТРОЛЬНЫЙ ДОКУМЕНТ(редакция 5.0) (PDF). КООРДИНАЦИОННЫЙ НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР. 2002 [2009-12-14]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-10-15) (俄语).
- ИНТЕРФЕЙСНЫЙ КОНТРОЛЬНЫЙ ДОКУМЕНТ(редакция 5.1) (PDF). РОССИЙСКИЙ НАУЧНО-ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ КОСМИЧЕСКОГО ПРИБОРОСТРОЕНИЯ. 2008 [14-12-2009]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-08-04) (俄语).
- ГЛОНАСС: Интерфейсный контрольный документ(редакция 5.1) (PDF). [2009-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2012-08-04) (俄语).
- Шебшаевич В. С., Дмитриев П. П., Иванцев Н. В. и др. Сетевые спутниковые радионавигационные системы 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. М.: Радио и связь. Под ред. В. С. Шебшаевича. 1993. ISBN 5-256-00174-4(俄语).
- ИНТЕРФЕЙСНЫЙ КОНТРОЛЬНЫЙ ДОКУМЕНТ (редакция 5.0) (PDF). КООРДИНАЦИОННЫЙ НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР. 2002 [???]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-08-04).
- ИНТЕРФЕЙСНЫЙ КОНТРОЛЬНЫЙ ДОКУМЕНТ (редакция 5.1) (PDF). РОССИЙСКИЙ НАУЧНО-ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ КОСМИЧЕСКОГО ПРИБОРОСТРОЕНИЯ. 2008 [???]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-08-04).
- ГЛОНАСС: Интерфейсный контрольный документ (редакция 5.1). [???]. (原始内容(PDF)存档于2012-08-04).
3.2 英文词条
3.2.1 引用文献 References
- Angrisano, A.; Petovello, M.; Pugliano, G. (2012). “Benefits of combined GPS/GLONASS with low-cost MEMS IMUs for vehicular urban navigation”. Sensors. 12 (4): 5134–5158. Bibcode:2012Senso..12.5134A. doi:10.3390/s120405134. PMC 3355462. PMID 22666079.
- ^ “GLONASS significantly benefits GPS”. 15 September 2010. Archived from the original on 15 November 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
- ^ “Developer Tools – Sony Developer World”. sonymobile.com. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
- ^ “GPS, GLONASS, and More” (PDF). University of New Brunswick. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 April 2018.
Figure 2 shows the PDOP improvement in percentage when comparing the GPS-only to the GPS-plus-GLONASS PDOP values. At high latitudes, that is, above 55°, the improvement is at the 30% level.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Hendrickx, Bart (19 December 2022). “The secret payloads of Russia’s Glonass navigation satellites”. The Space Review. Archived from the original on 20 December 2022. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
- ^ “Назаров Александр Юрьевич биография, Начало карьеры, Карьера в «Ростехе», Цифровые продукты «Ростеха»”. www.people.su. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ Юманова, Екатерина (15 December 2020). “Назаров Александр Юрьевич: биография, карьера и профессиональные достижения”. Блокнот Россия. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Afanasyev, Igor; Dmitri Vorontsov (26 November 2010). “Glonass nearing completion”. Russia & CIS Observer. Archived from the original on 30 November 2010.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c “The Global Navigation System GLONASS: Development and Usage in the 21st Century”. 34th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Meeting. 2002. Archived from the original on 1 December 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
- ^ Harvey, Brian (2007). “Military programs”. The Rebirth of the Russian Space Program (1st ed.). Germany: Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-71354-0.
- ^ Moskvitch, Katia (2 April 2010). “Glonass: Has Russia’s sat-nav system come of age?”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
- ^ GLONASS transmitter specs
- ^ “A Review of GLONASS” Miller, 2000
- ^ National Reference Systems of the Russian Federation used in GLONASS. Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine V. Vdovin and M. Vinogradova (TSNIImash), 8th ICG meeting, Dubai, November 2013
- ^ “The transition to using the terrestrial geocentric coordinate system “Parametry Zemli 1990″ (PZ-90.11) in operating the GLObal NAvigation Satellite System (GLONASS) has been implemented”. glonass-iac.ru. Archived from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
- ^ “Russia Approves CDMA Signals for GLONASS, Discussing Common Signal Design”. Inside GNSS. Archived from the original on 13 March 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
- ^ GLONASS Status and Progress Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine, S.G.Revnivykh, 47th CGSIC Meeting, 2007. “L1CR and L5R CDMA interoperable with GPS and Galileo”
- ^ Jump up to: a b c GLONASS Status and Development Archived 21 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine, G.Stupak, 5th ICG Meeting
- ^ Russia’s First GLONASS-K In Orbit, CDMA Signals ComingArchived 7 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine Inside GNSS(2011-02-26) Retrieved on 6 October 2011
- ^ GLONASS Status and Modernization Archived 25 November 2019 at the Wayback Machine Ekaterina Oleynik, Sergey Revnivykh, 51st CGSIG Meeting, September 2011
- ^ GLONASS Status and Modernization Archived 15 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine Sergey Revnivykh, 6th ICG Meeting, September 2011
- ^ Jump up to: a b GLONASS Status and Modernization Archived 21 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Sergey Revnivykh, 7th ICG Meeting, November 2012
- ^ GLONASS Government Policy, Status and Modernization PlansArchived 2 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Tatiana Mirgorodskaya, IGNSS-2013, 16 July 2013
- ^ Jump up to: a b GLONASS Program Update Archived 20 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Ivan Revnivykh, Roscosmos, 11th ICG Meeting, November 2016
- ^ Russian Space Systems JSC – GLONASS Interface Control Documents Archived 22 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine(in Russian)
- ^ “GLONASS Modernization”. GPS World. 2 November 2011. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
- ^ “Data” (PDF). insidegnss.com. 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 July 2014.
- ^ GLONASS Modernization Archived 21 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Yuri Urlichich, Valery Subbotin, Grigory Stupak, Vyacheslav Dvorkin, Alexander Povalyaev, Sergey Karutin, and Rudolf Bakitko, Russian Space Systems, GPS World, November 2011
- ^ Jump up to: a b c GLONASS: Developing Strategies for the Future Archived 21 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Yuri Urlichich, Valeriy Subbotin, Grigory Stupak, Vyacheslav Dvorkin, Alexander Povalyaev, and Sergey Karutin. GPS World, November 2011
- ^ New Structure for GLONASS Nav Message Archived 12 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Alexander Povalyaev, GPS World, 2 November 2013
- ^ Testoyedov, Nikolay (18 May 2015). “Space Navigation in Russia: History of Development” (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 September 2016. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
- ^ “Russia to Put 8 CDMA Signals on 4 GLONASS Frequencies”. Inside GNSS. 17 March 2010. Archived from the original on 5 December 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
- ^ “GLONASS Update Delves into Constellation Details”. GPS World. Archived from the original on 1 January 2011. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
- ^ “GLONASS Modernization: Maybe Six Planes, Probably More Satellites”. GPS World. 10 January 2012. Archived from the original on 2 November 2018. Retrieved 24 December 2018.
- ^ SDCM status and plans Archived 5 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Grigory Stupak, 7th ICG Meeting, November 2012
- ^ Jump up to: a b “Directions 2019: High-orbit GLONASS and CDMA signal”. 12 December 2018. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
- ^ Uragan, Russian Space Web
- ^ GLONASS #787, 68.7 operational months; as reported by RSA “GLONASS constellation status” on 6 April 2007
- ^ “Glonass-M – a chapter in the history of satellite navigation”. JSC Information Satellite Systems. 30 July 2015. Archived from the original on 28 May 2016. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
- ^ “Russia stops manufacturing of Glonass-M navigation satellites”. ITAR-TASS. 30 July 2015. Archived from the original on 1 August 2015. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ “Russia increases GLONASS orbital grouping to 24 satellites”. Geospatial World. 23 October 2017. Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
- ^ Jump up to: a b “Glonass-K: a prospective satellite of the GLONASS system”(PDF). Reshetnev Information Satellite Systems. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2011.
- ^ Langley, Richard (2010). “GLONASS forecast bright and plentiful”. GPS World. Archived from the original on 11 July 2012.
- ^ “Russia launches satellite for global navigation system”. BBC News. 26 February 2011. Archived from the original on 30 November 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
- ^ Roonemaa, Holger; Weiss, Michael (12 July 2021). “Western Intelligence Fears New Russian Sat-Nav’s Espionage Capabilities”. New Lines Magazine. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
- ^ Schmidt, Michael; Schmitt, Eric (16 November 2013). “A Russian GPS Using U.S. Soil Stirs Spy Fears”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved 19 June2022.
- ^ Partlow, Joshua (8 April 2017). “The Soviet Union fought the Cold War in Nicaragua. Now Putin’s Russia is back”. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 10 April 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
- ^ Jakub, Hodek. “A ‘special’ Russian installation in Nicaragua”. University of Navarra. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
- ^ “GLONASS Ground Segment”. navipedia.net. Archived from the original on 16 June 2017. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
- ^ “Russian Laser Tracking Network” (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 April 2009.
- ^ “Current and planned global and regional navigation satellite systems and satellite-based augmentation systems” (PDF). Archived (PDF)from the original on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
- ^ “GLONASS added to SkyWave terminals”, Digital Ship, 4 December 2009, Thedigitalship.com Archived 16 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ [Garmin eTrex 20 https://buy.garmin.com/shop/shop.do?cID=145&pID=87771#overviewTab Archived 9 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine]
- ^ GLO for Aviation|Garmin Archived 21 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine, buy.garmin.com, Retrieved on 2 August 2013
- ^ “Sony Xperia™ support (English)” (PDF). sonyericsson.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
- ^ “Sony Ericsson и Huawei готовят смартфоны с ГЛОНАСС”. CNews.ru. Archived from the original on 23 July 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
- ^ “Samsung GALAXY Note”. samsung.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
- ^ Windows Phone 8X by HTC Overview – HTC SmartphonesArchived 9 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine, htc.com, Retrieved on 2 August 2013
- ^ Google Drive Viewer Archived 17 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine, docs.google.com, Retrieved on 2 August 2013
- ^ “The Official Motorola Blog”. motorola.com. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
- ^ “GLONASS gets Nokia backing, aims to rival COMPASS”. Reuters. 9 August 2011. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
- ^ “Constellation status”. glonass-iac.ru. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
- ^ “Роскосмос ищет причины сбоя ГЛОНАСС”. Izvestia. 2014. Archived from the original on 25 December 2015. Retrieved 5 April2014.
- ^ “Система ГЛОНАСС вышла из строя второй раз за месяц”. 2014. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
- ^ “Роскосмос обещает восстановить ГЛОНАСС к середине марта”. 18 February 2016. Archived from the original on 27 February 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2016.
- ^ “Роскосмос обещает повысить точность работы ГЛОНАСС с 10 до 5,5 метров”. РИА Новости. 12 May 2009. Archived from the original on 29 May 2010. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
- ^ Kramnik, Ilya (16 February 2012). “GLONASS benefits worth the extra expense”. Russia Beyond the Headlines. Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
- ^ “DOST Finalizes MOU with Russian Space Agency”. Department of Foreign Affairs (Philippines). 7 September 2018. Archived from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
3.2.2 标准文件 Standards
- “GLONASS Interface Control Document, Navigational radio signal in bands L1, L2 (Edition 5.1)” (PDF) (in Russian). Russian Space Systems OJSC. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 October 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
- “GLONASS Interface Control Document, Open CDMA navigational radio signal in L1 band, Edition 1.0” (PDF) (in Russian). Russian Space Systems OJSC. 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
- “GLONASS Interface Control Document, Open CDMA navigational radio signal in L2 band, Edition 1.0” (PDF) (in Russian). Russian Space Systems OJSC. 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
- “GLONASS Interface Control Document, Open CDMA navigational radio signal in L3 band, Edition 1.0” (PDF) (in Russian). Russian Space Systems OJSC. 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
- “GLONASS Interface Control Document, General description of CDMA signals, Edition 1.0” (PDF) (in Russian). Russian Space Systems OJSC. 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
3.2.3 参考文献 Bibliography
- GLONASS Interface Control Document, Edition 5.1, 2008 (backup)
- GLONASS Interface Control Document, Version 4.0, 1998
- “ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ ЦЕЛЕВАЯ ПРОГРАММА “ГЛОБАЛЬНАЯ НАВИГАЦИОННАЯ СИСТЕМА”, FEDERAL SPECIAL-PURPOSE PROGRAM “GLOBAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM”“ (in Russian). Russian Federal Government. 20 August 2001. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 10 April 2007.
- “GLONASS constellation status for 18.01.08 under the analysis of the almanac and accepted in IANC (UTC)”. Russian Space Agency (RSA). Archived from the original on 24 October 2007. Retrieved 18 January 2008.
- “GLONASS Summary”. Space and Tech. Archived from the original on 26 April 2007. Retrieved 12 April 2007.
- “GLONASS Transmitter Specifications”. Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 13 April 2007.
- Goebel, Greg. “Navigation Satellites & GPS”. pp. Section 2.2. Archived from the original on 22 October 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2007.
- “Интегральная доступность навигации наземного потребителя по системе ГЛОНАСС Integral accessibility of the navigation of ground-based user along the system GLONASS“ (in Russian). Russian Space Agency (RSA). Archived from the original on 24 October 2007. Retrieved 18 January 2008.
- “India joins Russian GPS system”. The Times of India. 29 January 2007. Retrieved 12 April 2007.
- “India to Launch 2 Russian GLONASS Satellites”. MosNews. 27 June 2005. Archived from the original on 21 November 2005. Retrieved 12 April 2007.
- “Joint announcement (in English and Russian)”. GPS/GLONASS Interoperability and Compatibility Working Group. 14 December 2006. Archived from the original on 19 September 2007. Retrieved 13 April 2007.
- Kramer, Andrew E. (7 April 2007). “Russia Challenges the U.S. Monopoly on Satellite Navigation”. The New York Times. Retrieved 12 April2007.
- Miller, Keith M. (October 2000). “A Review of GLONASS”. Hydrographic Society Journal (98). ISSN 0309-7846. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 13 April 2007.
- “Radical Change in the Air for GLONASS”. GPS World. 22 January 2007. Archived from the original on 10 February 2007. Retrieved 10 April 2007.
- “Russia Allocates US$380 Million for Global Navigation System in 2007”. MosNews. 26 March 2007. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 12 April 2007.
- “Russia Holds First Place in Spacecraft Launches”. MosNews. 26 March 2007. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 12 April 2007.
- “Russia Launches New Navigation Satellites into Orbit”. Space.com / Associated Press. 25 December 2007. Archived from the original on 28 August 2008. Retrieved 28 December 2007.
- “Russian Space Agency Plans Cooperation With India”. MosNews. 12 January 2004. Archived from the original on 7 February 2005. Retrieved 12 April 2007.
- “Space Policy Project’s “World Space Guide: GLONASS””. Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 3 April 2007. Retrieved 10 April 2007.
- “Услуги системы ГЛОНАСС будут предоставляться потребителям бесплатно The services of system GLONASS will be given to users free of charge“ (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 18 May 2007. Retrieved 18 May 2007.
- “Три КА “Глонасс-М” взяты на управление Three KA “GLONASS-M” have taken off“ (in Russian). Russian Space Agency (RSA). 26 December 2006. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 29 December 2006.
- “Uragan (GLONASS, 11F654)”. Gunter’s Space Page. 16 January 2007. Retrieved 10 April 2007.
- “Uragan navsat (11F654)”. Russian Space Web. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2007.
- “GLONASS News”. Retrieved 31 July 2007.
4. 外部链接

Wikimedia Commons has media related to GLONASS.
- Official GLONASS web page Archived 21 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- Official GLONASS web page
- GNSS web page including GLONASS (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Description of GLONASS on the web page of the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS)
- GLONASS: present, future and past Presented on the ILRS Technical Workshop, 14–19 September 2009, Metsovo, Greece
- A homemade receiver for GPS & GLONASS satellites (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Navipedia information on GLONASS (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)—Wiki initiated by the European Space Agency
分享到: