旧金山（三藩市）/ San Francisco – 中英文维基百科词条融合

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封面图片：马林县眺望旧金山，前景为金门大桥此图片属于公共领域

1. 正文
- 1.1 主体部分（发布于知乎专栏）
- 1.2 不便发布的部分
  - 正文3.3 犯罪 | Crime
  - 正文5.1 LGBT
2. 参见 See also（维基百科的相关词条）
3. 参考文献 Reference
4. 延伸阅读 Further reading
5. 外部链接 External links

1. 正文

1.1 主体部分（发布于知乎专栏）

第一部分（概述、名称、历史）请点击这里访问（重置版4）

第二部分（地理、人口统计数据）请点击这里访问

第三部分（经济、文化、运动、公园休闲）请点击这里访问

第四部分（政府、教育、媒体、基础设施、姐妹城市、知名人物）请点击这里访问

1.2 不便发布的部分

正文3.3 犯罪 | Crime

In 2011, 50 murders were reported, which is 6.1 per 100,000 people.^[194] There were about 134 rapes, 3,142 robberies, and about 2,139 assaults. There were about 4,469 burglaries, 25,100 thefts, and 4,210 motor vehicle thefts.^[195] The Tenderloin area has the highest crime rate in San Francisco: 70% of the city’s violent crimes, and around one-fourth of the city’s murders, occur in this neighborhood. The Tenderloin also sees high rates of drug abuse, gang violence, and prostitution.^[196] Another area with high crime rates is the Bayview-Hunters Point area. In the first six months of 2015 there were 25 murders compared to 14 in the first six months of 2014. However, the murder rate is still much lower than in past decades.^[197] That rate, though, did rise again by the close of 2016. According to the San Francisco Police Department, there were 59 murders in the city in 2016, an annual total that marked a 13.5% increase in the number of homicides (52) from 2015.^[198] The city has also gained a reputation for car break-ins, with over 19,000 car break-ins occurring in 2021.^[199]
【参考译文】在2011年，报告了50起谋杀案，相当于每10万人中有6.1起。[194] 大约有134起强奸案、3,142起抢劫案以及大约2,139起袭击案。还有大约4,469起入室盗窃、25,100起盗窃案和4,210起机动车盗窃案。[195] Tenderloin区是旧金山犯罪率最高的地区：全市70%的暴力犯罪和大约四分之一的谋杀案都发生在这个社区。Tenderloin区还存在着高发的毒品滥用、帮派暴力和卖淫问题。[196] 另一个犯罪率高的地区是Bayview-Hunters Point区。在2015年的前六个月中，有25起谋杀案，相比之下2014年同期为14起。然而，谋杀率仍远低于过去几十年。[197] 不过，到2016年底，该比率再次上升。根据旧金山警察局的数据，2016年全市共有59起谋杀案，年度总数比2015年的凶杀案数量（52起）增加了13.5%。[198] 该市还因汽车破窃案而声名狼藉，2021年发生了超过19,000起汽车破窃事件。[199]

During the first half of 2018, human feces on San Francisco sidewalks were the second-most-frequent complaint of city residents, with about 65 calls per day. The city has formed a “poop patrol” to attempt to combat the problem.^[200]
【参考译文】在2018年上半年，旧金山人行道上的人类粪便是市民投诉的第二大频繁问题，每天大约有65个电话投诉。市政府已经组建了一个“便便巡逻队”来试图解决这个问题。[200]

In January 2022, CBS News reported that a single suspect was “responsible for more than half of all reported hate crimes against the API community in San Francisco last year,” and that he “was allowed to be out of custody despite the number of charges against him.”^[201]
【参考译文】2022年1月，哥伦比亚广播公司新闻报道称，一名嫌疑人“对去年旧金山针对API社区的仇恨犯罪报告中一半以上的犯罪负责”，尽管对他提出了多项指控，但他“被允许释放”。[201]

Several street gangs have operated in the city over the decades, including MS-13,^[202] the Sureños and Norteños in the Mission District.^[203] In 2008, a MS-13 member killed three family members as they were arriving home in the city’s Excelsior District. His victims had no relationship with him, nor did they have any known gang or street crime involvement.^{[204][citation needed]}
【参考译文】几十年来，几个街头帮派在该市活动，包括MS-13，[202]，教会区的Sureños和Norteños。[203]2008年，一名MS-13成员杀害了三名家庭成员，当时他们正赶往位于该市Excelsior区的家。他的受害者与他没有任何关系，也没有任何已知的帮派或街头犯罪。[204][引文需要]

African-American street gangs familiar in other cities, including the Bloods, Crips and their sets, have struggled to establish footholds in San Francisco,^[205] while police and prosecutors have been accused of liberally labeling young African-American males as gang members.^[206] However, gangs founded in San Francisco with majority Black memberships have made their presence in the city.^{[citation needed]}
【参考译文】在其他城市常见的非裔美国街头帮派，包括“血帮”、“跛脚帮”和他们的帮会，一直在旧金山努力建立立足点。[205]与此同时，警方和检察官也被指责随意将年轻的非裔美国男性贴上帮派成员的标签。[206]然而，在旧金山成立的以黑人成员为主的帮派已经在该市出现。[引文需要]

Criminal gangs with shotcallers in China, including Triad groups such as the Wo Hop To, were active in San Francisco in the 20th century.^[207]
【参考译文】20世纪，中国的持枪犯罪团伙，包括三合会等帮派，活跃在旧金山。[207]

正文5.1 LGBT

San Francisco has long had an LGBT-friendly history. It was home to the first lesbian-rights organization in the United States, Daughters of Bilitis; the first openly gay person to run for public office in the United States, José Sarria; the first openly gay man to be elected to public office in California, Harvey Milk; the first openly lesbian judge appointed in the U.S., Mary C. Morgan; and the first transgender police commissioner, Theresa Sparks. The city’s large gay population has created and sustained a politically and culturally active community over many decades, developing a powerful presence in San Francisco’s civic life.^{[citation needed]} Survey data released in 2015 by Gallup places the proportion of LGBT adults in the San Francisco metro area at 6.2%, which is the highest proportion of the 50 most populous metropolitan areas as measured by the polling organization.^[283]
【参考译文】旧金山历来以对同性恋、双性恋与跨性别者友好著称。这里曾是美国首个女同性恋者权利组织——双性恋女儿会（Daughters of Bilitis）的所在地，也曾是美国首位公开竞选公职的同性恋者何塞·萨里亚（José Sarria）的故乡，也是美国首位公开竞选公职的同性恋者哈维·米尔克（Harvey Milk）的故乡，也是美国首位公开任命的女同性恋法官玛丽·摩根（Mary C. Morgan）的故乡，还是首位跨性别警察局长特雷莎·斯帕克斯（Theresa Sparks）的故乡。这座城市庞大的同性恋群体创建了一个几十年来在政治和文化上都非常活跃的社区，在旧金山的公民生活中具有强大的影响力。盖洛普公司（Gallup）2015年发布的调查数据显示，旧金山大都市地区同性恋、双性恋与跨性别者成年人的比例为6.2%，这是盖洛普公司测量的人口最多的50个大都市地区中最高的比例。

One of the most popular destinations for gay tourists internationally, the city hosts San Francisco Pride, one of the largest and oldest pride parades. San Francisco Pride events have been held continuously since 1972. The events are themed and a new theme is created each year.^[284] In 2013, over 1.5 million people attended, around 500,000 more than the previous year.^[285] Pink Saturday is an annual street party held the Saturday before the pride parade, which coincides with the Dyke march.
【参考译文】作为国际上同性恋游客最热门的旅游目的地之一，这座城市每年举办旧金山骄傲节（San Francisco Pride），这是最大且最古老的骄傲游行之一。自1972年以来，旧金山骄傲节活动每年都如期举行。每年的活动都有一个主题，每年都会创造新的主题。2013年，有150多万人参加了该活动，比前一年多了大约50万人。在骄傲游行前的周六，会举办一年一度的粉红星期六（Pink Saturday）街头派对，该派对与迪克游行（Dyke March）同时举行。

The Folsom Street Fair (FSF) is an annual BDSM and leather subculture street fair that is held in September, endcapping San Francisco’s “Leather Pride Week”.^[286] It started in 1984 and is California’s third-largest single-day, outdoor spectator event and the world’s largest leather event and showcase for BDSM products and culture.^[287]
【参考译文】福索姆街集市（Folsom Street Fair，简称FSF）是一个每年九月举行的BDSM和皮革次文化街头集市，为旧金山“皮革骄傲周”画上句号。该集市始于1984年，是加利福尼亚州第三大规模的户外单日观众活动，也是世界上最大的皮革活动，以及BDSM产品和文化的展示会。