美国-墨西哥-加拿大协定 / United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement（USMCA) – 中英文维基百科词条融合

By cathayvista区域：中南美洲, 区域：美国和加拿大, 国际条约和协议

中文词条原文链接（无法从中国内地访问）：请点击这里访问
英文词条原文链接（无法从中国内地访问）：请点击这里访问
本文基于英文词条的线索，并补充部分来自中文词条的内容（在二者冲突时，以更晚更新者为准）。

辽观搬运时进行了必要的合规化处理，以使其能够在中国内地上传。部分文字采用汉语拼音方式代替，音节后的数字表示汉语拼音规则中的声调。

关于辽观的维基百科搬运计划，及其他已搬运的词条，请点击这里了解更多。维基百科（Wikipedia）是美国维基媒体基金会的互联网百科项目，其内容可能受到立场、信息来源等因素影响，请客观看待。正文内容不代表译者观点。

辽观提供的翻译仅供参考。文中可能包含无法从中国内地访问的链接。

辽观所搬运的词条文本与维基百科一道同样遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议（辽观搬运的中英文对照版本），在符合协议要求的情况下您可以免费使用其内容（包括商用）。图片和视频可能遵循不同的共享协议。请点击这里访问

1. 正文（发布于知乎专栏）

第一部分（0. 概述；1. 背景与命名；2. 签约国对比；3. 协商；4. 协议条款）请点击这里访问

第二部分（5. 现状；6. 效果与分析）请点击这里访问

2. 参见（维基百科的相关词条）| See also

————————————————————————

3. 英文词条参考文献 | References

【延伸阅读 | Further reading】：Beaulieu, Eugene, and Dylan Klemen. “You Say USMCA or T-MEC and I Say CUSMA: The New NAFTA-Let’s Call the Whole Thing On.” The School of Public Policy Publications (2020) online.

  1. ^ Jump up to:a b c d “Agreement between the United States of America, the United Mexican States, and Canada 12/13/19 Text”. ustr.gov. Office of the United States Trade Representative. December 13, 2019. Archived from the original on June 8, 2020. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
  2. ^ “Mexico first to ratify USMCA trade deal, Trump presses U.S. Congress to do same”. Reuters. June 19, 2019. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved January 29, 2020.
  3. ^ “Trump Signs Trade Deal With Canada and Mexico”. The New York Times. January 29, 2020. Archived from the original on June 29, 2020. Retrieved January 29, 2020.
  4. ^ Jump up to:a b “Canadian Parliament rushes through ratification of USMCA trade pact”. Reuters. March 13, 2020. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
  5. ^ Long, Heather. “The USMCA is finally done. Here’s what is in it”. Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  6. ^ Lea, Brittany De (November 30, 2018). “NAFTA 2.0: What to know”. FOXBusiness. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  7. ^ Montes, Juan (February 13, 2019). “Strikes at Low-Wage Plants Signal Revival of Labor Demands in Mexico”. Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved February 18, 2020 – via www.wsj.com.
  8. ^ Swanson, Ana; Tankersley, Jim (January 29, 2020). “Trump Just Signed the U.S.M.C.A. Here’s What’s in the New NAFTA”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
  9. ^ “Under USMCA, Canada rolls with ‘new NAFTA'”. FreightWaves. July 1, 2020. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
  10. ^ Swanson, Ana; Tankersley, Jim (January 29, 2020). “Trump Just Signed the U.S.M.C.A. Here’s What’s in the New NAFTA. (Published 2020)”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 12, 2021.
  11. ^ Canada, Global Affairs (April 21, 2022). “The Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement”. GAC. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
  12. ^ Dangerfield, Katie (August 30, 2018). “NAFTA deal reached: Canada, U.S., Mexico reach trade agreement under new name”. Global News. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  13. ^ “New North American trade pact to take effect July 1: USTR”. Reuters. April 24, 2020. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  14. ^ Rodriguez, Sabrina (April 24, 2020). “North American trade deal to take effect on July 1”. Politico. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  15. ^ “U.S. seals the deal on USMCA, says trade agreement can now take effect July 1”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. April 24, 2020. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  16. ^ “New North American trade deal to come into effect in July”. Deutsche Welle. April 25, 2020. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  17. ^ Jump up to:a b CBC News, “Mexico joins Canada, notifies U.S. it’s ready to implement new NAFTA” 2020/04/04 Archived November 26, 2020, at the Wayback Machine accessed 6 April 2020
  18. ^ Jump up to:a b c “Are You Afraid of Google? BlackBerry Cofounder Jim Balsillie Says You Should Be”. The Walrus. April 10, 2019. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
  19. ^ Jump up to:a b “USMCA v NAFTA: What’s changed and what it means for IP in Canada | Smart & Biggar/Fetherstonhaugh”. www.smart-biggar.ca. October 2, 2018. Archived from the original on July 25, 2019. Retrieved January 27, 2019.
  20. ^ “Labour, environment standards key to getting USMCA through: Canadian ambassador”. National Post. The Canadian Press. December 3, 2018. Retrieved May 18, 2019. |url=
  21. ^ Wattles, Jackie; Lobosco, Katie (September 1, 2018). “Trump again threatens to leave Canada out of new NAFTA deal”. CNN. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
  22. ^ Stephenson, Emily; Becker, Amanda (June 28, 2016). “Trump vows to reopen, or toss, NAFTA pact with Canada and Mexico”. Reuters. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  23. ^ Gore, Kiran Nasir (2019). “The Trump Effect on the Future of Global Dispute Resolution”. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3356649. ISSN 1556-5068. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  24. ^ Pace, Julie; Colvin, Jill (June 1, 2017). “President Trump pulls the U.S. out of Paris climate accord, sparking global criticism”. PBS NewsHour. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  25. ^ Gore, Kiran Nasir (July 1, 2019). “From NAFTA to USMCA: Providing Context for a New Era of Regional Investor-State Dispute Settlement”. Rochester, NY. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3412709. S2CID 211438774. SSRN 3412709. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  26. ^ Harrup, Anthony; Mackrael, Kim (October 16, 2018). “Goodbye Nafta. Hello…USMCA? Musca? AEUMC? You-Smacka?”. The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  27. ^ MacLeod, Meredith (November 30, 2018). “What’s in a name? Canada goes with CUSMA for new trade deal”. CTV News. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
  28. ^ “L’Accord Canada–États-Unis–Mexique (ACEUM)”. Gouvernement du Canada (in French). August 15, 2014. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
  29. ^ “T-MEC es el nombre con el que se conocerá al nuevo acuerdo comercial”. El Universal (in Spanish). October 17, 2018. Archived from the original on August 13, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
  30. ^ “AMLO gana y se queda T-MEC como nombre para acuerdo comercial trilateral”. El Financiero (in Spanish). October 17, 2018. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
  31. ^ Murphy, Jessica; Sherman, Natalie (October 1, 2018). “USMCA trade deal: Who gets what from ‘new Nafta’?”. BBC News. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
  32. ^ McGregor, Janyce (November 30, 2018). “‘Battle’ over as Trudeau, Trump, Pena Nieto sign ‘new NAFTA'”. CBC News. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
  33. ^ “PopulationPyramid.net-USA”.
  34. ^ “PopulationPyramid.net-Mexico”.
  35. ^ “Statistics Canada”. December 19, 2023.
  36. ^ “Sea Around Us | Fisheries, Ecosystems and Biodiversity”. www.seaaroundus.org. Retrieved April 1, 2017.
  37. ^ Jump up to:a b c “From NAFTA to USMCA: Understanding Changes to Free Trade in North America”. Livingston International. Archived from the original on June 1, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  38. ^ “How Trump’s son-in-law helped salvage the North American trade zone”. reuters. October 1, 2018. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
  39. ^ Palmer, Doug; Cassella, Megan. “NAFTA 2.0 is signed — but it’s far from finished”. POLITICO. Archived from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  40. ^ Jump up to:a b Diamond, Jeremy; Liptak, Kevin; Newton, Paula; Borak, Donna (October 1, 2018). “US and Canada reach deal on NAFTA after talks go down to the wire”. CNN. Archived from the original on December 11, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
  41. ^ Fassihi, Vivian Salama and Farnaz (February 23, 2019). “Trump to Nominate Kelly Craft as U.N. Ambassador”. The Wall Street Journal.
  42. ^ Johnson, Eliana; Lippman, Daniel; Orr, Gabby (October 12, 2018). “White House considers 2 female ambassadors to replace Haley at U.N.” POLITICO.
  43. ^ Robert Fife (September 13, 2019). “Blackstone CEO says he advised Trudeau to make a dairy concession to reach USMCA deal”. The Globe and Mail Inc.
  44. ^ USMCA trade agreement reached Archived December 9, 2019, at the Wayback Machine Edward Lawrence & Jonathan Garber, FOX Business, Dec 9, 2019,
  45. ^ “U.S.-Mexico-Canada Trade Agreement: Likely Impact on the U.S. Economy and Specific Industry Sectorsa” (PDF). United States International Trade Commission. April 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 1, 2019. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
  46. ^ Dale, Daniel; MacCharles, Tonda (September 30, 2018). “Canada, U.S. reach new NAFTA deal”. Toronto Star. Archived from the original on October 1, 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  47. ^ “Canada’s Dairy Industry at a Glance”. Canadian Dairy Information Centre. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. March 26, 2018. Archived from the original on September 24, 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  48. ^ Blanchfield, Mike (October 1, 2018). “Trump approves of the new continental trade deal as winners and losers are assessed”. The Canadian Press. iheartradio.ca. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  49. ^ Evans, Pete (October 1, 2018). “New free trade deal with the U.S. will see Canada’s duty-free limit raised to $150 from $20”. CBC News. Archived from the original on October 2, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  50. ^ Jump up to:a b Reinsch, William Alan; Caporal, Jack (October 3, 2018). “From NAFTA to USMCA: What’s New and What’s Next”. www.csis.org. Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  51. ^ “Mexico: UPDATE Regarding the USMCA, the Commercial Agreement Between the United States, Mexico and Canada”. L&E Global Knowledge Centre. December 13, 2018. Archived from the original on July 13, 2019. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  52. ^ “How the Canadian Music Biz Is Reacting to New Trade Deal With U.S., Mexico”. Billboard. October 4, 2018. Archived from the original on July 10, 2019. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  53. ^ Wattles, Jackie; Lobosco, Katie (September 1, 2018). “The full list of the updated IP protocol is posted on USTR Lighthizer’s website” (PDF). CNN. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 17, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
  54. ^ Norman, John (May 10, 2018). “THE USMCA: WHAT DOES IT MEAN FOR PATENTS AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY?”. Gowling WLG.
  55. ^ Jump up to:a b Uhthoff; Vega, Gómez; Guerrero, Uhthoff SC-Margarita (March 18, 2020). “Effects of the USMCA (US-Mexico-Canada agreement) in the Mexican pharmaceutical industry | Lexology”. www.lexology.com. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
  56. ^ “EFFECTS OF THE USMCA (US-MEXICO-CANADA AGREEMENT) IN THE MEXICAN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY”. en.uhthoff.com.mx. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
  57. ^ Norman, John (October 5, 2018). “THE USMCA: WHAT DOES IT MEAN FOR PATENTS AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY?”.
  58. ^ “USMCA still allows Canadians access to generic pharmaceuticals”. CityNews Edmonton. December 10, 2019. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
  59. ^ Gutiérrez, Eder (August 13, 2020). “USMCA and Mexico’s new IP Law: implications for the pharmaceutical industry”.
  60. ^ Jump up to:a b Lester, Simon (July 26, 2017). “Knowing Your NAFTA Dispute Chapters: 11 vs. 19 vs. 20”. Cato Institute. Archived from the original on April 11, 2019. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  61. ^ Jump up to:a b “NAFTA’s controversial Chapter 11: What’s an ISDS and why does it matter?”. Trade Ready. May 27, 2016. Archived from the original on March 7, 2019. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  62. ^ Jump up to:a b Gore, Kiran Nasir; Camp, Charles (2019). “The Rise of NAFTA 2.0: A Case Study in Effective ISDS Reform”. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3502291. ISSN 1556-5068. S2CID 226813183.
  63. ^ Smith, Tori K. “An Analysis of the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement”. The Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on February 17, 2020. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
  64. ^ Long, Heather. “U.S., Canada & Mexico just reached a sweeping new NAFTA deal”. Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 1, 2018. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
  65. ^ “The renegotiation of NAFTA is a relief. But it is not a success”. The Economist. October 4, 2018. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  66. ^ “Canada joins North America’s revised trade deal”. The Economist. October 4, 2018. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  67. ^ Jump up to:a b Segal, Stephanie (October 5, 2018). “USMCA Currency Provisions Set a New Precedent”. www.csis.org. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  68. ^ “Stewart and Stewart – USMCA Side-by-Side”. www.stewartlaw.com. Archived from the original on May 16, 2019. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  69. ^ “Nafta’s China Clause Is Latest Blow to Trudeau’s Asia Ambitions”. www.bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on August 28, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  70. ^ Jump up to:a b c “Trump’s ‘poison pill’ in China trade fight”. The Financial Times. October 8, 2018. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved September 22, 2019.
  71. ^ “A new Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement”. Government of Canada. November 30, 2018. Archived from the original on December 1, 2018. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
  72. ^ “Future Mexican minister: Trade deal could be signed at G20”. National Post. Associated Press. November 27, 2018. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  73. ^ “Canada, U.S., Mexico sign agreement on USMCA”. Toronto Sun. Canadian Press. December 10, 2019. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
  74. ^ Jesse Snyder (December 10, 2019). “Trade Deal Breakthrough as Deal Nears U.S. Vote: Freeland, U.S. negotiators in Mexico”. National Post. p. A1.
  75. ^ Blanchfield, Mike (October 26, 2018). “No signature on USMCA if U.S. steel and aluminum tariffs stay: Mexican minister”. CTVNews. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  76. ^ Salama, William Mauldin and Vivian. “Democrats’ House Victory Complicates Passage of New Nafta, Trade Deals”. WSJ. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  77. ^ “Trump’s USMCA trade deal could be upended as Democrats vow to withhold support”. Financial Post. November 12, 2018. Archived from the original on February 17, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  78. ^ “Senior House Democrat Says Trump Must Change USMCA Trade Deal”. www.bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on September 2, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  79. ^ Press, Jordan (November 18, 2018). “Republican lawmakers question protection for LGBTQ and pregnant workers in USMCA”. CBC News. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved November 24, 2018.
  80. ^ Duffy, Nick (December 3, 2018). “Trump strips LGBT rights from USMCA trade deal with Mexico and Canada”. Pink News. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved December 8, 2018.
  81. ^ Ljunggren, David (November 8, 2018). “‘Not what we agreed to: Canada at odds with U.S. changes to text of USMCA, source says”. Financial Post. Reuters. Archived from the original on February 26, 2020. Retrieved November 24, 2018.
  82. ^ “Trump says he will withdraw from NAFTA, pressuring Congress to approve new trade deal”. Politico. December 2, 2018. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
  83. ^ “Producer groups urge ratification of U.S.M.C.A.” Baking Business. March 5, 2019. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
  84. ^ “Neal: New NAFTA will have ‘very hard’ path through Congress”. Politico. March 4, 2019. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
  85. ^ “White House tries to charm Democrats on new NAFTA”. Politico. March 7, 2019. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved March 9, 2019. Aides said there were no immediate plans to withdraw from the 25-year-old agreement, though the president hasn’t completely ruled out doing it eventually if the negotiations over approving USMCA fall apart.
  86. ^ “USTR” (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
  87. ^ “Pelosi Statement on the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement”. Speaker Nancy Pelosi. May 30, 2019. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
  88. ^ “Trump says impeachment inquiry could derail trade deal, Mexico markets slump”. Reuters. September 26, 2019. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
  89. ^ “Pelosi says ‘moving ahead’ on trade deal; Mexico optimistic”. Reuters. September 27, 2019. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
  90. ^ “Trump White House Wants Direct Control over Where Cars Are Made”. Bloomberg.com. October 29, 2019. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
  91. ^ “H.R. 5430 (United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act)”. United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
  92. ^ “FINAL VOTE RESULTS FOR ROLL CALL 701”. congress. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2020.
  93. ^ “H.R. 5430 (United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act)”. United States Senate. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
  94. ^ Schroeder, Robert. “USMCA heads to Trump’s desk for signature after Senate approves pact”. MarketWatch. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved January 16, 2020.
  95. ^ “President Donald J. Trump’s United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Delivers a Historic Win for American Workers”. whitehouse.gov. Retrieved January 29, 2020 – via National Archives.
  96. ^ Kirby, Jen (February 4, 2020). “USMCA, Trump’s new NAFTA deal, explained in 600 words”. Vox. Archived from the original on July 18, 2019. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  97. ^ “On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 5430)”. United States Senate. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
  98. ^ Schroeder, Robert. “Once Trump signs bill into law, NAFTA is officially canceled but CUFTA is only ‘suspended'”. MarketWatch. Retrieved January 16, 2020.[dead link]
  99. ^ “USMCA To Enter Into Force July 1 After United States Takes Final Procedural Steps For Implementation”. ustr.gov. April 24, 2020. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  100. ^ “US Seals the Deal on USMCA. Says Trade Agreement can Now Take Effect”. Windsor Star. April 25, 2020.
  101. ^ “Uniform Regulations” (PDF). ustr.gov. Office of the United States Trade Representative. Archived from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
  102. ^ “USMCA Uniform Regulations Issued”. The National Law Review. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
  103. ^ Kirby, Jen (November 28, 2018). “Jared Kushner is getting an award from Mexico, and Mexicans aren’t happy about it”. Vox.
  104. ^ Perez, D. M. (June 20, 2019), “México ratifica el nuevo TLC con EE UU y Canadá” [Mexico ratifies the new Free Trade Agreement with the U.S. and Canada], El Pais (in Spanish), Madrid, retrieved June 21, 2019
  105. ^ “Mexican Senate ratifies changes to USMCA trade pact”. AP News. December 12, 2019. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2019.
  106. ^ “Mexico asks U.S., Canada to grant automakers transition for USMCA rules”. Reuters. April 7, 2020. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved April 11, 2020.
  107. ^ “The USMCA Could Strengthen Mexico’s Hand on Trade”. Centre for International Governance Innovation. October 4, 2018. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
  108. ^ Sheridan, Mary Beth. “Mexico becomes first country to ratify new North American trade deal”. Washington Post. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
  109. ^ Jump up to:a b An Act to implement the Agreement between Canada, the United States of America and the United Mexican States
  110. ^ “Freeland heralds new NAFTA, says Canada ready to ratify as MPs begin debate”. CTV News. June 11, 2019. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
  111. ^ “House Government Bill C-100”. Parliament of Canada. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
  112. ^ “The Dissolution of Parliament and the Calling of an Election”. the Governor General of Canada. September 13, 2019. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  113. ^ Bernstein, Ryan; Eatedali, Mariam (June 18, 2019). “Clock is ticking for ratification of USMCA trade deal”. MarketWatch. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
  114. ^ “What is dissolution of Parliament?”. Senate of Canada. September 6, 2019. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
  115. ^ Jump up to:a b “House Government Bill 43rd Parliament, 1st Session, C-4”. House of Commons. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved February 6, 2020.
  116. ^ Jump up to:a b “House Government Bill 43rd Parliament, 1st Session, C-4, Recorded Votes”. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
  117. ^ “VOTE NO. 13, 43RD PARLIAMENT, 1ST SESSION”. Parliament of Canada, House of Commons. February 6, 2020. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
  118. ^ Pablo Rodriguez, Leader of the Government in the House of Commons (March 13, 2020). “Business of the House” (PDF). Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 149 No. 031. Canada: House of Commons. pp. 3–4.
  119. ^ “Routine Proceedings, Orders of the Day”. Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 151, Issue 17. Canada: Senate. March 13, 2020.
  120. ^ “Statement by the Deputy Prime Minister on Canada’s ratification of the new NAFTA”. Government of Canada. April 3, 2020. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  121. ^ “Trump: We’re replacing NAFTA, which was “perhaps the worst trade deal ever made””. www.cnn.com. October 1, 2018. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
  122. ^ “President Trump announces ‘truly historic’ trade deal to replace NAFTA”. USA TODAY. October 1, 2018. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
  123. ^ Geoffrey Gertz, 5 things to know about USMCA, the new NAFTA Archived February 14, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, Brookings Institution (October 2, 2018).
  124. ^ Jump up to:a b c Tory Newmyer, The Finance 202: USMCA isn’t expected to have a big impact on the economy Archived February 14, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, Washington Post (December 11, 2019).
  125. ^ Wiseman, Paul (November 29, 2018). “Trump’s New NAFTA Faces Skeptics In now-Democrat-led House”. AP NEWS. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  126. ^ Gruenberg, Mark (November 27, 2018). “AFL-CIO to Feds: ‘New NAFTA’ enforcement unknown”. People’S World. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  127. ^ Dhue, Stephanie (November 29, 2018). “Sen. Elizabeth Warren opposes Trump’S NAFTA replacement deal with Mexico, Canada”. www.cnbc.com. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
  128. ^ “United States–Mexico–Canada Trade Fact Sheet – Rebalancing Trade to Support Manufacturing”. ustr.gov. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
  129. ^ Jump up to:a b c Mary E. Burfisher, Frederic Lambert & Troy D Matheson, NAFTA to USMCA: What is Gained? Archived February 14, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, International Monetary Fund Working Paper No. 19/73 (March 26, 2019).
  130. ^ Jump up to:a b c Gore, D’Angelo (August 21, 2019). “Kudlow’s Unsupported USMCA Jobs Claim”. FactCheck.org. Archived from the original on August 22, 2019. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  131. ^ United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement: Likely Impact on the U.S. Economy and Specific Industry Sectors Archived February 14, 2021, at the Wayback Machine (with errata), United States International Trade Commission, Publication No. 4889, Investigation No. TPA 105-003 (April 2019).
  132. ^ Thea M. Lee & Robert E. Scott, Statement: U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement—Weak tea, at best Archived February 14, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, Economic Policy Institution (December 10, 2019).
  133. ^ Nakayama, Shuji; Asayama, Ryo (June 28, 2020). “Japan auto companies triple Mexican pay rather than move to US”. nikkei.com. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved July 1, 2020.

4. 中文词条参考文献

  1. ^ 跳转到：1.0 1.1 Agreement between the United States of America, the United Mexican States, and Canada 12/13/19 Text. ustr.gov. 美国贸易代表处. 2019-12-13 [2023-05-16]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-08） （美国英语）.
  2. ^ T-MEC es el nombre con el que se conocerá al nuevo acuerdo comercial. 2018-10-17 [2018-10-19]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-13） （西班牙语）.
  3. ^ AMLO gana y se queda T-MEC como nombre para acuerdo comercial trilateral. [2018-10-19]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-09） （西班牙语）.
  4. ^ L’Accord Canada–États-Unis–Mexique (ACEUM). [2018-11-30]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-16） （法语）.
  5. ^ McGregor, Janyce. Auto industry relieved by NAFTA 2.0, but results may be mixed. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 2018-10-04 [2018-10-07]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-21）. There would be no “Carmageddon” caused by auto tariffs torpedoing cross-border trade, now that NAFTA 2.0 had found a safe landing zone.
  6. ^ Brune, Michael. NAFTA 2.0 remains hazardous to our health. USA Today. 2018-10-02 [2018-10-08]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-26）.
  7. ^ What’s in a Name Change? For Those Saying U.S.M.C.A., a Mouthful. [2018-10-08]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-20） （英语）.
  8. ^ 跳转到：8.0 8.1 Dangerfield, Katie. NAFTA deal reached: Canada, U.S., Mexico reach trade agreement under new name. Global News. 2018-08-30 [2018-10-01]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-26）.
  9. ^ 跳转到：9.0 9.1 美墨加正式签署新贸易协定. [2019-12-11]. （原始内容存档于2019-12-11）.
  10. ^ New North American trade pact to take effect July 1: USTR. Reuters. 2020-04-24 [2020-04-26]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-26）.
  11. ^ Rodriguez, Sabrina. North American trade deal to take effect on July 1. Politico. 2020-04-24 [2020-04-26]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-26）.
  12. ^ U.S. seals the deal on USMCA, says trade agreement can now take effect July 1. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 2020-04-24 [2020-04-26]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-26）.
  13. ^ New North American trade deal to come into effect in July. Deutsche Welle. 2020-04-25 [2020-04-26]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-26）.
  14. ^ Wattles, Jackie; Lobosco, Katie. Trump again threatens to leave Canada out of new NAFTA deal. CNN. 2018-09-01 [2018-10-03]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-26）.
  15. ^ Stephenson, Emily; Becker, Amanda. Trump vows to reopen, or toss, NAFTA pact with Canada and Mexico. Reuters. 2016-06-28 [2018-10-02]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-26）.
  16. ^ Pace, Julie; Colvin, Jill. President Trump pulls U.S. out of Paris climate accord, sparking global criticism. PBS News Hour. 2017-06-01 [2018-10-02]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-26）.
  17. ^ Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement (CUSMA). 加拿大全球事务部. [2020-02-10]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-01）.
  18. ^ 跳转到：18.0 18.1 Diamond, Jeremy. US and Canada reach deal on NAFTA after talks go down to the wire. CNN. 2018-10-01 [2018-10-03]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-11）.
  19. ^ Dale, Daniel; MacCharles, Tonda. Canada, U.S. reach new NAFTA deal. Toronto Star. 2018-09-30 [2018-10-01]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-01）.
  20. ^ Canada’s Dairy Industry at a Glance. Canadian Dairy Information Centre. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 2018-03-26 [2018-10-01]. （原始内容存档于2018-09-24）.
  21. ^ Blanchfield, Mike. Trump approves of new continental trade deal as winners and losers are assessed. The Canadian Press (Times Colonist). 2018-10-01 [2018-10-01].[永久失效链接]
  22. ^ Evans, Pete. New free trade deal with U.S. will see Canada’s duty-free limit raised to $150 from $20. CBC News. 2018-10-01 [2018-10-02]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-02）.
  23. ^ 跳转到：23.0 23.1 Analysis | U.S., Canada and Mexico just reached a sweeping new NAFTA deal. Here’s what’s in it.. Washington Post. [2018-10-05]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-01） （英语）.
  24. ^ Tankersley, Jim. Trump Just Ripped Up Nafta. Here’s What’s in the New Deal.. The New York Times. 2018-10-01 [2018-11-30]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-12）.
  25. ^ How the Canadian Music Biz Is Reacting to New Trade Deal With U.S., Mexico. Billboard. 2018-10-04 [2018-12-01]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-10）.
  26. ^ Nafta’s China Clause Is Latest Blow to Trudeau’s Asia Ambitions. www.bloomberg.com. [2018-12-01]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-28）.
  27. ^ USMCA Currency Provisions Set a New Precedent. www.csis.org. [2018-12-01]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-14） （英语）.
  28. ^ 跳转到：28.0 28.1 Mexican Senate ratifies changes to USMCA trade pact. AP News. 2019-12-12 [2020-01-22]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-14）.
  29. ^ Mexico asks U.S., Canada to grant automakers transition for USMCA rules. Reuters. 2020-04-07 [2020-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-14）.
  30. ^ 迈出重要一步：美国会众议院批准美墨加贸易协议. 中国经济网. 2019-12-20 [2019-12-21]. （原始内容存档于2019-12-21）.
  31. ^ H.R. 5430 (United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act). United States Senate. [2020-01-18].
  32. ^ President Donald J. Trump’s United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Delivers a Historic Win for American Workers. The White House. 2020-01-29 [2020-02-10]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-20） （美国英语）.
  33. ^ LEGISinfo – House Government Bill C-4 (43-1). www.parl.ca. [2020-02-10]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-14）.
  34. ^ Pablo Rodriguez, Leader of the Government in the House of Commons. Business of the House (PDF). 国会议事记录. Volume 149 No. 031. Canada: House of Commons. 2020-03-13: 3–4. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） 存档副本 (PDF). [2020-05-09]. 原始内容存档于2021-03-09.
  35. ^ Statement by the Deputy Prime Minister on Canada’s ratification of the new NAFTA. Government of Canada. [2020-05-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-14）.

Library resources about United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement
【关于美国-墨西哥-加拿大协议的图书馆资源】

分享到：