中产阶级 / Middle class – 中英文维基百科词条融合，由辽观搬运、翻译、整合

By cathayvista人类社会的阶级和阶层

中文词条原文链接（无法从中国内地访问）：请点击这里访问
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本文基于英文词条的线索，并补充部分来自中文词条的内容（在二者冲突时，以更晚更新者为准）。 辽观搬运时进行了必要的合规化处理，以使其能够在中国内地上传。部分文字采用汉语拼音方式代替，音节后的数字表示汉语拼音规则中的声调。

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1. 正文（发布于知乎专栏）

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2. 维基百科的相关词条 | See also

————————————————————

  • African-American middle class – Social class in the United States
    【参考译文】非洲裔美国中产阶级——美国的社会阶层
  • British class system – Social structure of British society
    【参考译文】英国阶级制度——英国社会的社会结构
  • Classlessness – Society in which no one is born into a social class
    【参考译文】无阶级社会——没有人天生就属于某个社会阶层的社会
  • Cultural determinism – Concept in social science
    【参考译文】文化决定论——社会科学中的一个概念
  • The Lonely Crowd – 1950 book by David Riesman
    【参考译文】《孤独的人群》——大卫·里斯曼1950年的著作
  • Lower middle class – Social class which is a sub-division of the greater middle class
    【参考译文】下中产阶级——广义中产阶级的一个子阶层
  • Lower class – Hierarchical stratification of societies
    【参考译文】下层阶级——社会的层级分化
  • Middle-class squeeze – Decline in middle-class real wages and increase in economic inequality
    【参考译文】中产阶级困境——中产阶级实际工资下降和经济不平等加剧
  • Occupational prestige – Public perception of an individual’s job
    【参考译文】职业声望——公众对个体工作的看法
  • One-third hypothesis
    【参考译文】三分之一假说
  • Status paradox#Status paradox of migration
    【参考译文】地位悖论#移民的地位悖论
  • Upper middle class – Social class
    【参考译文】上中产阶级——社会阶层
  • 小资产阶级
  • 四仔主义（香港用语）
  • M型社会

3. 英文词条参考文献 | References

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  10. ^ Engels, Friedrich (1892). 1892 Introduction to “Socialism: Utopian and Scientific”. Marxists Internet Archive: Marxists Internet Archive. Archived from the original on 2022-04-09. Retrieved 2018-06-09.
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  15. ^ “Who is the Middle Class?”. PBS. 25 June 2004. Archived from the original on 2 February 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
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  18. ^ “Room for Debate: Who Should Be the Judge of Middle Class?”. The New York Times. 23 December 2010. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
  19. ^ Butler, Patrick (29 June 2016). “Most People Today Regard Themselves as Working Class”. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
    Alternative link for same study: Oxford University News: Most People in Britain Today Regard Themselves as Working Class Archived 2020-10-22 at the Wayback Machine
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  22. ^ Lenin, V. I. (25 February 1907). “The Bolsheviks and the Petty Bourgeoisie”. Marxists Internet Archive. Novy Luch. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018. In particular, the, peasantry, who in Russia constitute eight- or nine-tenths of the petty bourgeoisie, are struggling primarily for land.
  23. ^ Lenin, V.I. (9–10 October 1917). “The Tasks of the Revolution”. Marxists Internet Archive. Rabochy Put. Archived from the original on 15 July 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018. Russia is a country of the petty bourgeoisie, by far the greater part of the population belonging to this class.
  24. ^ Lewis Corey, “American Class Relations”, Marxist Quarterly, vol. 1 no. 2 (January–March 1937), p. 141.
  25. ^ Stewart Clegg, Paul Boreham, Geoff Dow; Class, politics, and the economy. Routledge. 1986. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-7102-0452-3. Retrieved 4 October 2009. Professional/Managerial Class.
  26. ^ Philip Green, Green, Philip (1985). Retrieving democracy: in search of civic equality Rowman & Littlefield. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8476-7405-3. Retrieved 4 October 2009.
  27. ^ Hidden Technocrats: The New Class and New Capitalism. Transaction Publishers. 1991. ISBN 978-1-56000-787-6. Retrieved 4 October 2009.
  28. ^ Walker, Pat (1979). Between labor and capital – Google Books. South End Press. ISBN 978-0-89608-037-9. Retrieved 4 October 2009.
  29. ^ The general theory of … – Google Books. 1998. ISBN 978-0-521-59006-8. Retrieved 4 October 2009.
  30. ^ Gail Paradise Kelly, Sheila Slaughter; Women’s higher education in comparative perspective. Springer. 1990. ISBN 978-0-7923-0800-3. Retrieved 4 October 2009.
  31. ^ Piketty, Thomas (2014). Capital in the Twenty-First Century. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. 243. ISBN 978-0-674-43000-6.
  32. ^ Parker, John (12 February 2009). “Special report: Burgeoning bourgeoisie”. The Economist (published 13 February 2009). Archived from the original on 15 February 2009. Retrieved 13 December 2009.
  33. ^ “It is doubtful, whether “middle classes” in developing countries are driving progress”. D+C. 6 February 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-03-06. Retrieved 2015-02-28.
  34. ^ Gilbert, D. (2002) The American Class Structure: In An Age of Growing Inequality. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth; Thompson, W. & Hickey, J. (2005).
  35. ^ Society in Focus. Boston, MA: Pearson, Allyn & Bacon; Beeghley, L. (2004).
  36. ^ The Structure of Social Stratification in the United States. Boston, MA: Pearson, Allyn & Bacon.
  37. ^ Kharas, Homi (January 2010). “The Emerging Middle Class in Developing Countries” (PDF). oecd.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 March 2017.
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  45. ^ Consumerism in World History The Global Transformation of Desire By Peter N. Stearns, Professor of History and Provost Peter N Stearns, 2001, p. 129.
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  51. ^ “SA middle class getting poorer”. BusinessTech. 29 July 2013. Archived from the original on 29 October 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
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  53. ^ Brandi, Clara; Büge, Max (2014). A Cartography of the New Middle Classes in Developing and Emerging Countries (Discussion Paper). Bonn: German Development Institute. ISBN 978-3-88985-661-6. ISSN 1860-0441. 35/2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-02-26. Retrieved 2015-08-25.
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  62. ^ Meas 2008 crisis.[full citation needed]
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4. 中文词条参考文献

  1. ^ Shimelse Ali, Uri Dadush. A new measure of the global middle class. 2 Jun 2012 [2012-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2012-07-22）.
  2. ^ 中产阶级门槛:年收入6万. 阿里巴巴网. 2005-02-13 [2007-01-12]. （原始内容存档于2007-03-11）.
  3. ^ 家庭年收入6万－50万 中国首个中产标准遭质疑. 人民网. [2009-04-14]. （原始内容存档于2008-06-07）.
  4. ^ 报告称中国大陸“高级白领”超七成希望子女留学海外. 新京报. 2013-03-29 [2013-03-29]. （原始内容存档于2013-04-07）.
  5. ^ 中產向下流貧富愈見懸殊 學者指呈M形社會 統計處做專題研究. 明报. 2007-02-23 [2019-05-04]. （原始内容存档于2007-02-24）.
  6. ^ 曾俊華否認協助「中產」不力. 星岛日报. [05-03-2013]. （原始内容存档于2013-03-03）.
  7. ^ 曾俊華：中產非用收入設限. 明报. [05-03-2013]. （原始内容存档于2013-04-28）.

5. 延伸阅读 | Further reading

  • Balzer, Harley D., ed. Russia’s Missing Middle Class: The Professions in Russian History (M.E. Sharpe, 1996).
  • Banerjee, Abhijit V. and Esther Duflo (December 2007). What is middle class about the middle classes around the world?. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Economics. p. 50. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2009. Retrieved 9 May 2009.
  • Blackbourn, David, and Richard J. Evans, eds. The German Bourgeoisie: Essays on the Social History of the German Middle Class from the Late Eighteenth to the Early Twentieth Century (1991).
  • Cashell, Brian W. Who Are the “Middle Class”?, CRS Report for the Congress, 20 March 2007
  • Dejung, Christof, David Motadel, and Jürgen Osterhammel, eds. The Global Bourgeoisie: The Rise of the Middle Classes in the Age of Empire (2019) scholarly essays covering major countries and region s in 19th century excerpt Archived 2022-05-21 at the Wayback Machine also chapters online (Archived 2021-03-10 at the Wayback Machine)
  • Jones, Larry Eugene. “‘The Dying Middle’: Weimar Germany and the Fragmentation of Bourgeois Politics.” Central European History 5.1 (1972): 23–54.
  • Kocka, Jürgen. “The Middle Classes in Europe,” Journal of Modern History 67#4 (1995): 783–806. doi.org/10.1086/245228. online Archived 2021-03-10 at the Wayback Machine
  • Kocka, Jürgen, and J. Allan Mitchell, eds. Bourgeois Society in 19th Century Europe (1992)
  • Lebovics, Herman. Social Conservatism and the Middle Class in Germany, 1914–1933 (Princeton UP, 2015).
  • López, A. Ricardo, and Barbara Weinstein, eds. The Making of the Middle Class: Toward a Transnational History (Duke University Press, 2012) 446 pp. scholarly essays
  • McKibbin, Ross. Classes and Cultures: England 1918–1951 (2000) pp 44–105.
  • Mills, C. Wright, White Collar: The American Middle Classes (1951).
  • Pilbeam, Pamela. The Middle Classes in Europe, 1789–1914: France, Germany, Italy, and Russia (1990)
  • Wells, Jonathan Daniel. “The Southern Middle Class,” Journal of Southern History, Volume: 75#3 2009. pp 651+.
  • Williams, E. N. “Our Merchants Are Princes”: The English Middle Classes In The Eighteenth Century”. History Today (Aug 1962), Vol. 12 Issue 8, pp. 548-557.

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