Alitalia【（老）意大利航空（1946年成立）】 – （全文）英文维基百科词条

By cathayvista交通运输业, 全文在本站的词条, 区域：欧洲西部（不含独联体国家）, 国有企业, 航空公司

英文词条原文连接（无法从中国内地访问）：请点击这里访问
辽观搬运时进行了必要的合规化处理，以使其能够在中国内地上传。部分文字采用汉语拼音方式代替，音节后的数字表示汉语拼音规则中的声调。

关于辽观的维基百科搬运计划，及其他已搬运的词条，请点击这里了解更多。维基百科（Wikipedia）是美国维基媒体基金会的互联网百科项目，其内容可能受到立场、信息来源等因素影响，请客观看待。正文内容不代表译者观点。

辽观提供的翻译仅供参考。文中可能包含无法从中国内地访问的链接。

辽观所搬运的词条文本与维基百科一道同样遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议（辽观搬运的中英文对照版本），在符合协议要求的情况下您可以免费使用其内容（包括商用）。图片和视频可能遵循不同的共享协议。请点击这里访问

【消歧义提示】This article is about the defunct airline in Italy. For the current airline, see ITA Airways.
【参考译文】这篇文章是关于意大利一家已倒闭的航空公司的。对于当前的航空公司，请参见意大利航空公司（ITA Airways）。

目录

0. 概述

辽观注：此标题是我们在搬运、整合过程中添加的。

此图片属于公共领域
图片题注：意大利航空公司的标志

0.1 文字说明

辽观注：此标题是我们在搬运、整合过程中添加的。

Alitalia – Società Aerea Italiana S.p.A.,[3][4] operating as Alitalia (Italian pronunciation: [aliˈtaːlja]), was an Italian airline which was once the flag carrier and largest airline of Italy.[5] The company had its head office in Fiumicino, in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital.[6] The airline was owned by the Government of Italy as a nationalized business from its founding in 1946 until it was privatized in 2009. However, it struggled with profitability whilst operating as a private company, including failed negotiations to sell to other private parties. The airline entered extraordinary administration in 2017 following many years of financial losses.[7] The Italian government eventually took back ownership of the airline in March 2020.
【参考译文】意大利航空——意大利航空股份有限公司（Società Aerea Italiana S.p.A.，[3][4]），简称意大利航空（意大利语发音：[aliˈtaːlja]），曾是一家意大利航空公司，一度是意大利的国家航空公司和最大的航空公司。[5]公司总部设在罗马首都大都会区的菲乌米奇诺。[6]从1946年创立至2009年私有化之前，该公司是意大利zheng4府所有的国you3化企业。然而，作为私营企业运营期间，公司一直难以盈利，包括与其他私营方的出售谈判也告失败。经过多年的财务亏损后，该航空公司于2017年进入特别管理程序。[7]2020年3月，意大利政fu3最终重新取得对该航空公司的所有权。

The airline operated a fleet of Airbus A319-100, Airbus A320-200, Airbus A321-100, Airbus A330-200, and Boeing 777-200ER aircraft to over 34 scheduled domestic, European and intercontinental destinations. The airline operated from its main hub at Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport in Rome. The airline was a full member of the SkyTeam alliance, and it had codeshare agreements with 42 airlines. In 2018, the airline was the twelfth-largest airline in Europe.
【参考译文】该航空公司运营着空客A319-100、空客A320-200、空客A321-100、空客A330-200和波音777-200ER等机型，飞往34个以上的国内、欧洲和洲际定期目的地。该航空公司以罗马的莱昂纳多·达·芬奇-菲乌米奇诺机场为主要枢纽。意大利航空是天合联盟（SkyTeam alliance）的正式成员，并与42家航空公司签订了代码共享协议。2018年，该航空公司成为欧洲第十二大航空公司。

On 24 August 2021, Alitalia announced that it would cease operations on 15 October 2021,[8] and that passengers with tickets for later flights could reschedule on an earlier flight or request a refund.[9][10]
【参考译文】2021年8月24日，意大利航空宣布将于2021年10月15日停止运营，[8]持有后续航班机票的乘客可以改签到更早的航班或申请退款。[9][10]

On 15 October 2021, in a hybrid reorganization, Alitalia sold its entire operation to ITA Airways, a newly formed state-owned flag carrier.[11]
【参考译文】2021年10月15日，在一次混合重组中，意大利航空将其全部业务出售给了一家新成立的国you3旗舰航空公司——（新的）意大利航空公司（ITA Airways）。[11]

0.2 概况表格

辽观注：此标题是我们在搬运、整合过程中添加的。

Founded【成立于】16 September 1946 (as Alitalia – Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A.)
【1946 年 9 月 16 日（作为“意大利航线”）】
12 January 2009 (as Alitalia – Compagnia Aerea Italiana S.p.A.)[2]
【2009 年 1 月 12 日（作为意大利航空公司）[2]】
1 January 2015 (as Alitalia – Società Aerea Italiana S.p.A.)
【2015 年 1 月 1 日（作为意大利航空股份公司）】
Commenced operations【商业运营开始于】5 May 1947【1947年5月5日】
Ceased operations【商业运营结束于】15 October 2021【2021年10月15日】
AOC #I-130
Hubs【枢纽机场】Milan–Linate【米兰-利纳特】
Milan–Malpensa【米兰–马尔彭萨 】 (1998–2008)
Rome–Fiumicino【罗马–菲乌米奇诺】 (1946–2021)
Frequent-flyer program【飞行常客奖励计划】MilleMiglia
Alliance【航空联盟】SkyTeam【天合联盟】 (2001–2021)
Wings Alliance【飞翼联盟（2004年并入天合联盟）】
Subsidiaries【子公司】Aero Trasporti Italiani (1963–1994)
Air One (2009–2014)
Alitalia CityLiner (2009–2021)
C.A.I. First (1997–2015)
C.A.I. Second (1997–2009)
Società Aerea Mediterranea (1959–1981)
Alitalia Loyalty S.p.A.
Parent company【母公司】Government of Italy (via MEF)
【意大利政fu3（通过经济财政部持有）】
Headquarters【总部】Fiumicino, Rome, Italy【意大利罗马菲乌米奇诺】

1. 历史 | History

1.1 “意大利航线”时期 | Alitalia – Linee Aeree Italiane

图1-1和1-2（发布于知乎想法）

Alitalia – Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. was established on 16 September 1946 as Aerolinee Italiane Internazionali (Italian International Airlines). It was formed as a result of an Anglo-Italian agreement and was funded by the Italian government and British European Airways (BEA) in a 60/40 share arrangement with a capital of 900 million lire (£1,000,000).[12] Its popular name, Alitalia, is an Italian portmanteau of the words ali (wings) and Italia (Italy). It started operations on 5 May 1947, in which year it carried over 10,000 passengers. The inaugural flight was with a Fiat G.12 Alcione, piloted by Virginio Reinero from Turin to Catania and Rome.
【参考译文】意大利航空（Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A.）于1946年9月16日以意大利国际航空公司（Aerolinee Italiane Internazionali）的名义成立。它是根据一项英意协议而成立的，由意大利zheng4府和英国欧洲航空公司（BEA）以60/40的股权比例共同出资，注册资本为9亿里拉（100万英镑）。[12]其广为人知的名称“意大利航空”（Alitalia）是意大利语中“ali”（翅膀）和“Italia”（意大利）两个词的组合。公司于1947年5月5日开始运营，当年运载了超过1万名乘客。首航使用的是一架由维吉尼奥·莱内罗（Virginio Reinero）驾驶的菲亚特G.12“阿尔西翁”（Alcione）飞机，从都灵飞往卡塔尼亚和罗马。

The first intercontinental flight left a year later, flying between Milan and cities in South America. The Savoia-Marchetti SM.95 four engined airliner was used on European routes up to 1949. On 31 October 1957, Alitalia merged with Linee Aeree Italiane and took on the name of Alitalia – Linee Aeree Italiane. By the time of its liquidation, Alitalia was owned by the Italian Ministry of the Treasury (49%), other shareholders, including employees (49%) and Air France-KLM (2%, later: 25%).
【参考译文】一年后，首条洲际航线开通，往返于米兰和南美洲城市之间。至1949年，萨沃亚-马切蒂SM.95四引擎客机被用于欧洲航线。1957年10月31日，意大利航空与意大利航空公司（Linee Aeree Italiane）合并，并采用了“意大利航空——意大利航空公司”（Alitalia – Linee Aeree Italiane）的名称。在其破产清算时，意大利航空的股权结构为：意大利财政部持股49%，其他股东（包括员工）持股49%，法国航空-荷兰皇家航空集团（Air France-KLM）持股2%（后增至25%）。

By 1960, Alitalia was operating jet airliners on some European routes (the Sud Caravelle) and the Douglas DC-8 on several longer distance routes. The Vickers Viscount propeller-turbine four-engined airliner was flown by Alitalia on its European network throughout the 1960s.
【参考译文】到1960年，意大利航空已在部分欧洲航线（使用苏德·卡拉维尔飞机）和几条长途航线上运营喷气式客机（使用道格拉斯DC-8）。20世纪60年代，意大利航空在整个欧洲航线上都使用了维克斯子爵螺旋桨涡轮四引擎客机。

Beginning with Pope Paul VI in 1964 until the airline’s closure in 2021, the Pope flew most often on a chartered Alitalia jet when making pastoral and state visits to a country.[13] The Pope’s flight was often nicknamed “Shepherd One” by the press, while the actual callsign was “Volo Papale” (papal flight, in Italian) followed by a serial number.[14]
【参考译文】从1964年的jiao4皇保罗六世开始，直至2021年该航空公司关闭，jiao4皇在进行牧灵访问和国事访问时，最常乘坐的是包租的意大利航空喷气式客机。[13]jiao4皇的航班通常被媒体戏称为“牧羊人一号”，而实际的呼号则是“Volo Papale”（意大利语中的“jiao4皇航班”），后面跟着一个序列号。[14]

In 1978, Alitalia had its head office in the Palazzo Alitalia in Rome.[15]
【参考译文】1978年，意大利航空的总部设在罗马的意大利航空大厦（Palazzo Alitalia）。[15]

1.2 20世纪90年代 | 1990s

By the 1990s, Alitalia was carrying 25 million passengers annually. In 1997, it set up a regional subsidiary Alitalia Express and in 2001 became a member of SkyTeam. In November 2003, Alitalia announced that it would cut 2,700 jobs over the next three years to prepare the airline for a merger with Air France and KLM. In April 2004, Alitalia acquired Gandalf Airlines, a bankrupt regional airline, to gain additional slots at several European airports, mainly in Milan (Linate) and Paris (Charles De Gaulle).
【参考译文】到了20世纪90年代，意大利航空每年的乘客量已达到2500万人次。1997年，意大利航空成立了一家地区性子公司——意大利航空快运，并在2001年成为天合联盟的成员。2003年11月，意大利航空宣布将在未来三年内裁减2700个工作岗位，为与法国航空和荷兰皇家航空的合并做准备。2004年4月，意大利航空收购了破产的地区性航空公司甘道夫航空，以获得几个欧洲机场的额外时段，主要是在米兰（利纳特机场）和巴黎（戴高乐机场）。

In 1995, Alitalia signed a partnership with KLM which aimed at a merger. The aim of the partnership was to develop Malpensa as a hub, along with Amsterdam (which lacked enough landing slots to expand further) and Rome Fiumicino.
【参考译文】1995年，意大利航空与荷兰皇家航空签署了一项旨在合并的合作伙伴关系协议。该合作伙伴关系的目的是将马尔彭萨机场发展成为一个枢纽，与阿姆斯特丹（缺乏足够的降落时段以进一步扩展）和罗马菲乌米奇诺机场一起。

1.3 21世纪前十年 | 2000s

In 2001, Alitalia renewed the ground handling contract with SEA. In the same year, Alitalia joined the SkyTeam alliance.[citation needed]
【参考译文】2001年，意大利航空与米兰机场公司（SEA）续签了地面服务合同。同年，意大利航空加入了天合联盟。[需要引证]

In September 2007, Alitalia announced that it would nearly halve its hub at Malpensa and instead focus on Rome-Fiumicino and move all intercontinental flights there. Until this announcement, Malpensa had been Alitalia’s primary hub for intercontinental flights. The transition away from Malpensa and towards Rome-Fiumicino was completed by the end of March 2008. Minor intercontinental destinations, which previously received flights only from Malpensa, henceforth received only flights from Rome-Fiumicino or else were discontinued.
【参考译文】2007年9月，意大利航空宣布，其位于马尔彭萨机场的枢纽航班量将近乎减半，转而将重点放在罗马菲乌米奇诺机场，并将所有洲际航班转移至该机场。在此公告发布之前，马尔彭萨机场一直是意大利航空洲际航班的主要枢纽。从马尔彭萨机场向罗马菲乌米奇诺机场的过渡在2008年3月底完成。一些之前仅从马尔彭萨机场起飞的次要洲际目的地，从此只从罗马菲乌米奇诺机场起飞，或者航线被取消。

1.3.1 “意大利航空公司”时期 | Alitalia – Compagnia Aerea Italiana

图1-3（发布于知乎想法）

In 2008, a group of investors formed the “Compagnia Aerea Italiana” (CAI) consortium to buy the bankrupt Alitalia – Linee Aeree Italiane (“old” Alitalia) and to merge these with Air One, another bankrupt Italian carrier.[16][17]
【参考译文】2008年，一群投资者组建了“意大利航空公司”（CAI）联合体，旨在收购破产的意大利航空——意大利航线（“老”意大利航空），并将其与另一家破产的意大利航空公司——航空一号合并。[16][17]

On 30 October 2008, CAI offered €1 billion to acquire parts of the bankrupt airline, amidst pilots’ and flight crew members’ opposition to labour agreements.[18] On 19 November 2008, CAI’s offer was accepted by the bankruptcy administrator of Alitalia with the permission of the Italian government, at the time the majority shareholder of the bankrupt airline.[19] Alitalia’s profitable assets were transferred to CAI on 12 December 2008 after CAI paid €1.05 billion, consisting of €427 million in cash and the assumption of responsibility for €625 million in Alitalia debt.[20]
【参考译文】2008年10月30日，在飞行员和机组人员反对劳工协议的背景下，CAI提出以10亿欧元收购这家破产航空公司的部分资产。[18]2008年11月19日，在当时作为这家破产航空公司大股东的意大利政fu3批准下，意大利航空的破产管理人接受了CAI的报价。[19]2008年12月12日，CAI在支付了10.5亿欧元（包括4.27亿欧元现金和承担6.25亿欧元意大利航空债务）后，接收了意大利航空的有利资产。[20]

A USA diplomatic cable disclosed in 2011 summarised the operation as follows: “Under the guise of a rather quaint (and distinctly un-EU) desire to maintain the Italian-ness of the company, a group of wealthy Berlusconi cronies was enticed into taking over the healthy portions of Alitalia, leaving its debts to the Italian taxpayers. The rules of bankruptcy were changed in the middle of the game to meet the government’s needs. Berlusconi pulled this one off, but his involvement probably cost the Italian taxpayers a lot of money.”[21]
【参考译文】2011年披露的一份美国外交电报将此次操作总结如下：“打着维持公司意大利特色的奇特（且明显违背欧盟原则）旗号，一群与贝卢斯科尼关系密切的富人被诱使接管了意大利航空的健康资产，而将其债务留给了意大利纳税人。为了迎合zheng4府需求，破产规定在中途被更改。贝卢斯科尼做到了这一点，但他的介入可能让意大利纳税人付出了巨额资金。”[21]

On 13 January 2009, the “new” Alitalia launched operations. The owners of Compagnia Aerea Italiana sold 25% of the company’s shares to Air France-KLM for €322 million. Air France-KLM also obtained an option, subject to certain conditions, to purchase additional shares after 2013.[22]
【参考译文】2009年1月13日，“新”意大利航空开始运营。意大利航空公司（CAI）的股东向法国航空-荷兰皇家航空集团出售了公司25%的股份，售价为3.22亿欧元。法国航空-荷兰皇家航空集团还获得了一项在2013年后按一定条件购买额外股份的选择权。[22]

The “new” Alitalia did not claim the old Alitalia’s history as its own, as can be seen in official documents regarding the new “Alitalia Group”.[23] Instead, they stressed that they were a totally different company. They chose not to recognize benefits such as discounted tickets to former Alitalia-LAI workers and refused to honour passengers’ claims against the old Alitalia.[24]
【参考译文】“新”意大利航空并未将老意大利航空的历史纳入自身历史，这一点从新“意大利航空集团”的相关官方文件中可以看出。[23]相反，他们强调自己是一家完全不同的公司。他们选择不承认对前意大利航空-LAI员工的福利，如折扣机票，并拒绝承认乘客对老意大利航空的索赔。[24]

The new Alitalia did not own many of its operating airplanes. (Alitalia-LAI had owned all of its airplanes.) Almost every plane that CAI had acquired from the old Alitalia was sold or decommissioned. Alitalia-CAI airplanes were leased mostly from Aircraft Purchase Fleet (it),[25] an Irish company owned by Carlo Toto, the former owner of the bankrupt[16] Air One, which was merged in 2008 into Alitalia-LAI when the new company was founded.
【参考译文】新意大利航空并未拥有许多运营中的飞机。（意大利航空-LAI曾拥有所有飞机。）CAI从老意大利航空几乎买下的每架飞机都被出售或退役。意大利航空-CAI的飞机大多是从飞机购买舰队（一家由破产的航空一号前所有者卡洛·托托拥有的爱尔兰公司）[25]租赁的，而航空一号在2008年新公司成立时与意大利航空-LAI合并。

1.4 2010-2019年 | 2010s

In January 2010, Alitalia celebrated its first anniversary since the relaunch. It carried 22 million passengers in its first year of operations.[26] In 2011, 25 million passengers were carried.[27] On 1 February 2010, it was announced that Alitalia crew would go on a four-hour strike over wages. This was the first strike action for Alitalia since the relaunch.[28] On 11 February 2010, Alitalia announced that, starting from March 2010, it would use Air One as a low-fare airline (“Smart Carrier”), with operations based at Milan Malpensa Airport, focused on short-haul leisure routes. It was predicted that the subsidiary would handle 2.4 million passengers by 2012.[29] In 2011, 1.4 million passengers were carried by the subsidiary.[27] Although operations were initially to be concentrated at Milan Malpensa, Air One later operated from Milan-Malpensa, Venice–Marco Polo, Pisa and Catania as of January 2013.
【参考译文】2010年1月，意大利航空自重新启航以来庆祝了一周年。在其运营的第一年里，它承运了2200万名乘客。[26]2011年，承运乘客数量达到2500万人。[27]2010年2月1日，宣布意大利航空机组人员将因薪资问题举行四小时ba4工。这是意大利航空自重新启航以来的首次ba4工行动。[28]2010年2月11日，意大利航空宣布，从2010年3月起，将把航空一号作为廉价航空公司（“Smart Carrier”）运营，基地设在米兰马尔彭萨机场，专注于短途休闲航线。预计该子公司在2012年前将承运240万名乘客。[29]2011年，该子公司承运了140万名乘客。[27]尽管最初计划只在米兰马尔彭萨机场集中运营，但截至2013年1月，航空一号后来还从米兰-马尔彭萨、威尼斯-马可·波罗、比萨和卡塔尼亚等地运营。

On 12 February 2011, information was released about a possible merger between Alitalia and Meridiana Fly, another Italian carrier.[30] The merger did not occur. On 23 February 2011, Alitalia and ENAC announced the introduction of a safety card written in braille and characters in 3-D relief, which is the first of its kind.[31] On 25 January 2012, Alitalia signed memoranda of understanding with two other Italian airlines, Blue Panorama and Wind Jet, and said to have started processes “aimed at achieving integration” with them.[32] By the end of July 2012, the Italian antitrust authority allowed Alitalia to acquire Wind Jet, but in return Alitalia would have to cede slots on domestic routes. Faced with this, Alitalia cancelled the plans a few days later in August 2012.[33]
【参考译文】2011年2月12日，有消息称意大利航空可能与另一家意大利航空公司——意大利航空快运进行合并。[30]但最终合并并未发生。2011年2月23日，意大利航空和意大利民航局宣布推出一种用盲文和3D浮雕字符写成的安全卡，这是此类安全卡中的第一张。[31]2012年1月25日，意大利航空与另外两家意大利航空公司——蓝景航空和风之翼航空签署了谅解备忘录，并表示已开始与它们进行“旨在实现合并”的程序。[32]截至2012年7月底，意大利反垄断机构允许意大利航空收购风之翼航空，但作为回报，意大利航空必须放弃国内航线的航班时刻。面对这种情况，意大利航空在2012年8月的几天后取消了该计划。[33]

On 3 May 2013, in a sting codenamed “Operation Clean Holds”, police made 49 arrests at Rome’s Fiumicino airport, with another 37 in Italian airports including Bari, Bologna, Milan Linate, Naples, Palermo and Verona. All were Alitalia employees caught on camera, and most were charged with aggravated theft and damage.[34] In late 2013, facing bankruptcy, the loss of a major fuel supplier, and a possible grounding by Italy’s civil aviation authority, the airline announced a €500 million rescue package which included a €75 million investment by the Italian state-owned postal operator.[35]
【参考译文】2013年5月3日，在代号为“清洁行李行动”的突击行动中，警方在罗马菲乌米奇诺机场逮捕了49人，在巴里、博洛尼亚、米兰利纳特、那不勒斯、巴勒莫和维罗纳等意大利其他机场dai4捕了37人。所有被bu3人员均为意大利航空员工，被监控录像拍摄到，且大多数人被指控犯有加重盗窃zui4和破坏zui4。[34]2013年末，意大利航空面临破产、失去主要燃油供应商以及可能被意大利民航局停飞的困境，宣布了一项5亿欧元的救援计划，其中包括意大利国you3邮政运营商的7500万欧元投资。[35]

1.4.1 意大利航空股份公司时期 | Alitalia – Società Aerea Italiana

In June 2014, the Abu Dhabi-based UAE national airline Etihad Airways announced it was taking a 49% stake in Alitalia.[36] On 30 September 2014, Alitalia’s budget subsidiary Air One ceased flight operations.
【参考译文】2014年6月，总部位于阿布扎比的阿联酋国家航空公司阿提哈德航空宣布将收购意大利航空49%的股份。[36]2014年9月30日，意大利航空的廉价子公司“航空一号”停止了航班运营。

On 1 January 2015, Alitalia-CAI formally passed its operations to Alitalia-SAI, a new entity owned 49% by Abu Dhabi-based Etihad Airways and 51% owned by the former Italian stakeholders of Alitalia-CAI.[36][37] In May 2015, Alitalia announced it would terminate its partnership with Air France-KLM in 2017, stating that there were no longer enough advantages from the joint venture to keep it up.[38]
【参考译文】2015年1月1日，意大利航空-CAI正式将其运营业务移交给意大利航空-SAI，后者是一个新实体，其中49%的股份由阿布扎比的阿提哈德航空持有，51%的股份由意大利航空-CAI的前意大利股东持有。[36][37]2015年5月，意大利航空宣布将于2017年终止与法国航空-荷兰皇家航空的合作伙伴关系，称该合资企业已没有足够的优势来维持下去。[38]

In February 2016, Alitalia announced that in late March 2016 it would cancel most of its routes from Pisa, including Moscow, Prague, Berlin, Catania and Tirana. Alitalia decided to continue flying to Olbia and Rome.[39]
【参考译文】2016年2月，意大利航空宣布将于2016年3月底取消从比萨出发的大部分航线，包括前往莫斯科、布拉格、柏林、卡塔尼亚和地拉那的航线。意大利航空决定继续飞往奥尔比亚和罗马。[39]

On 25 April 2017, after Alitalia employees rejected job-cuts proposal aimed at reducing costs, the airline announced that it would start going through a bankruptcy process, beginning with the appointment of an administrator.[40] The Italian government permitted Alitalia to file for bankruptcy on 2 May 2017.[41] On 17 May 2017, after the government had ruled out nationalizing the airline, it was officially put up for sale to be auctioned off.[42] In June, EasyJet expressed interest in purchasing the airline.[43] Ryanair also expressed interest but dropped its bid after the chaos caused by Ryanair’s flight cancellations.[44]
【参考译文】2017年4月25日，在意大利航空员工拒绝旨在减少成本的裁员提议后，该航空公司宣布将启动破产程序，首先从任命破产管理人开始。[40]2017年5月2日，意大利政fu3允许意大利航空申请破产。[41]2017年5月17日，政fu3排除了将该航空公司guo2有化的可能性后，正式宣布将其出售进行拍卖。[42]6月，易捷航空表示有意收购该航空公司。[43]瑞安航空也表达了兴趣，但在瑞安航空航班取消引发的混乱之后，瑞安航空撤回了报价。[44]

In 2018, Delta Air Lines, EasyJet and Italian railway company Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane lodged formal expressions of interest to acquire Alitalia;[45] talks between the parties were opened in February 2019.[46] In March 2019, EasyJet announced that it had withdrawn from the discussions.[47] After the official visit of Chinese President Xi Jinping to Rome, China Eastern Airlines expressed interest in Alitalia’s rescue plan and could spend up to €100 million in exchange for a 10% stake.[citation needed] Delta Air Lines stated to Reuters that it was ready to invest in Alitalia but that a 10% stake was the right way for them to do so.[48]
【参考译文】2018年，达美航空、易捷航空和意大利国家铁路公司正式表示有意收购意大利航空；[45]各方于2019年2月开始谈判。[46]2019年3月，易捷航空宣布退出谈判。[47]中国国家主席习近平正式访问罗马后，中国东方航空对意大利航空的救援计划表示了兴趣，并可能斥资高达1亿欧元换取10%的股份。[需要引文]达美航空向路透社表示，他们已准备好投资意大利航空，但认为10%的股份是他们投资的正确方式。[48]

1.5 2020年以来 | 2020s

On 17 March 2020, the Italian government took full control over the airline after talks with a number of Italian and international companies failed to agree with terms of them being shareholders of the airline.[49][50]
【参考译文】2020年3月17日，在与多家意大利和国际公司谈判未能就它们成为该航空公司股东的条件达成一致后，意大利zheng4府全面接管了该航空公司。[49][50]

In April 2020, the Italian government announced it would take over Alitalia in May since it would not be able to survive the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its own. The fleet was planned to be reduced from 113 aircraft to “more than 90”.[51] The airline also questioned if it should remain in SkyTeam, which it has been a member of since 2001.[citation needed]
【参考译文】2020年4月，意大利政fu3宣布将于5月接管意大利航空，因为该航空公司无法独自承受新冠肺炎疫情的冲击。机队计划从113架飞机缩减至“90多架”。[51]该航空公司还质疑自己是否应继续留在天合联盟，该联盟自2001年以来一直是其成员。[需要引证]

In May 2020, USAerospace Partners (headed by Michele Roosevelt Edwards) announced they were still interested in purchasing the airline. The company had offered to purchase it earlier in the year. Edwards stated the airline would fly 150 planes within 5 years, with a mix of Airbus, Boeing, and Embraer.[52][53][54][55]
【参考译文】2020年5月，美国航空航天合作伙伴公司（由米歇尔·罗斯福·爱德华兹领导）宣布，他们仍然有意收购该航空公司。该公司早些时候已提出收购意向。爱德华兹表示，该航空公司将在5年内拥有150架飞机，包括空客、波音和巴航工业的飞机。[52][53][54][55]

On 21 May 2020, Alitalia left the SkyTeam Transatlantic Joint Ventures.[56]
【参考译文】2020年5月21日，意大利航空退出了天合联盟大西洋联合航线。[56]

On 29 June 2020, Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte announced that Francesco Caio would be named Chairman and Fabio Lazzerini would be named CEO of the new Alitalia.[57]
【参考译文】2020年6月29日，意大利总理朱塞佩·孔特宣布，弗朗切斯科·凯奥将出任新意大利航空董事长，法比奥·拉泽里尼将出任首席执行官。[57]

On 24 August 2021, Alitalia announced it would be ending all ticket sales on their website and announced customers who purchased tickets for flights after 15 October 2021 will be refunded.[58]
【参考译文】2021年8月24日，意大利航空宣布，将停止在其网站上出售所有机票，并宣布将为购买2021年10月15日以后航班的乘客提供退款。[58]

1.5.1 新意大利航空 | ITA Airways

Main article【主条目】: ITA Airways

On 10 October 2020, the Italian government signed a decree to allow to reorganize the airline as ITA – Italia Trasporto Aereo S.p.A.[59] On 28 October 2020, it was reported that ITA would buy several assets from Alitalia – Società Aerea Italiana S.p.A., including the brand and the flight codes of Alitalia and Alitalia CityLiner, the International Air Transport Association ticketing code (055), the MilleMiglia frequent-flyer program, and airport slots at London Heathrow (68 weekly slots in summer and 65 in winter). The transaction is expected to cost €220 million.[60]
【参考译文】2020年10月10日，意大利政府签署法令，允许将该航空公司重组为意大利航空运输公司（ITA – Italia Trasporto Aereo S.p.A.）。[59]2020年10月28日，据报道，ITA将从意大利航空公司（Alitalia – Società Aerea Italiana S.p.A.）购买多项资产，包括意大利航空和意大利航空城市航线的品牌和航班代码、国际航空运输协会的机票代码（055）、MilleMiglia常旅客计划以及伦敦希思罗机场的航班时段（夏季每周68个时段，冬季每周65个时段）。预计此次交易将耗资2.2亿欧元。[60]

On 8 January 2021, the European Commission sent a letter to the Italian Permanent Representative to the European Union to launch an “open, transparent, non-discriminatory and unconditional tender” to shed Alitalia assets. The letter consists of 62 requests for clarification, rejecting the idea that the old carrier could sell its belongings to the new company in private negotiation. In the letter, it is stated that the Alitalia brand should not be retained by ITA, since it is an emblematic indicator of continuity (but finally ITA Airways bought on 14 October 2021 the Alitalia brand for 90 million euros). The European Commission suggests that the combined aviation, ground handling, and maintenance businesses should be sold separately to a third party. It also suggests that the slots must be sold, and the MilleMiglia program in its entirety cannot be transferred to the new corporate entity.[61]
【参考译文】2021年1月8日，欧盟委员会致函意大利常驻欧盟代表，要求启动“公开、透明、非歧视性和无条件的招标”，以剥离意大利航空的资产。该信函包含62项澄清要求，拒绝了旧航空公司可以通过私下谈判将其资产出售给新公司的想法。信函中指出，意大利航空的品牌不应由ITA保留，因为这是一个连续性的象征性指标（但最终ITA航空于2021年10月14日以9000万欧元购买了意大利航空的品牌）。欧盟委员会建议，应将航空、地面服务和维修业务分别出售给第三方。它还建议必须出售航班时段，并且不能将MilleMiglia计划整体转让给新的公司实体。[61]

The new airline commenced operations on 15 October 2021.[7]
【参考译文】新的航空公司于2021年10月15日开始运营。[7]

2. 公司事务 | Corporate affairs

2.1 公司地位和结构 | Company status and structure

Alitalia’s continued loss-making over several years had led to various changes of ownership and status. As of August 2019, the company (Alitalia – Società Aerea Italiana S.p.A.) and its subsidiary Cityliner (Alitalia Cityliner S.p.A.) were in Extraordinary Administration (EA), by virtue of decrees of the Ministry of Economic Development on 2 May and 12 May 2017 respectively, and were declared insolvent on 11 May and 26 May 2017 respectively.[62][63] Luigi Gubitosi, Prof. Enrico Laghi and Prof. Stefano Paleari were appointed as Extraordinary Commissioners of the Companies in EA.[63]
【参考译文】意大利航空公司（Alitalia）连续多年持续亏损，导致其所有权和地位多次变更。截至2019年8月，该公司（意大利航空股份公司，Alitalia – Società Aerea Italiana S.p.A.）及其子公司城市航空（Alitalia Cityliner S.p.A.）已根据经济发展部于2017年5月2日和5月12日分别发布的法令进入特别管理（EA）程序，并分别于2017年5月11日和5月26日被宣布破产。[62][63]路易吉·古比托西（Luigi Gubitosi）、恩里科·拉吉（Enrico Laghi）教授和斯特凡诺·帕莱里（Stefano Paleari）教授被任命为这两家处于特别管理程序中的公司的特别委员。[63]

In terms of ownership, the recent shareholders appeared to be Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane (the Italian state railway company) with 35%, the Italian Ministry of Economy maintaining a further 15% and Delta Air Lines providing technical expertise with a minority 10% stake. The now-majority stakeholder Ferrovie dello Stato was reported to be seeking investor(s) to provide a 40% stake.[64]
【参考译文】在所有权方面，最近的股东构成似乎为：意大利国家铁路公司（Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane）持股35%，意大利经济部另持15%股份，达美航空（Delta Air Lines）提供技术专长并持有10%的少数股份。据报道，目前的大股东意大利国家铁路公司正在寻求投资者，以提供40%的股份。[64]

From 2020, Alitalia and its subsidiaries were owned by the Italian government.[49]
【参考译文】从2020年起，Yoda航空公司及其子公司归意大利政府所有。[49]

Although declared bankrupt, the airline continues to trade, albeit unprofitably. The recent key trends of the airline as Alitalia – Società Aerea Italiana S.p.A., including Alitalia CityLiner, that commenced trading on 1 January 2015, are (as at year ending 31 December):
【参考译文】尽管已被宣布破产，但该航空公司仍在继续运营，只是尚未盈利。意大利航空公司（Alitalia – Società Aerea Italiana S.p.A.），包括其子公司城市航空（Alitalia CityLiner，自2015年1月1日开始运营），最近的运营关键趋势（截至12月31日年度末）如下：

Historical business and operating results for Alitalia’s performance before the 2015 reorganisation, where available, were:
【参考译文】意大利航空公司2015年重组前的历史业务和运营业绩如下：

2.2 总部 | Head office

Alitalia’s head office is located in Building Alfa at Via Alberto Nassetti in Fiumicino, Province of Rome.[6] The corporate headquarters was designed by AMDL, a Milan-based architecture firm.[87] The head office was previously in a building at Piazza Almerico da Schio, also in Fiumicino.[88]
【参考译文】意大利航空公司的总部位于罗马省菲乌米奇诺市阿尔贝托·纳西蒂街（Via Alberto Nassetti）的阿尔法大楼。[6]公司总部由米兰建筑设计公司AMDL设计。[87]此前，公司总部设在同样位于菲乌米奇诺的阿尔梅里科·达·斯基奥广场（Piazza Almerico da Schio）的一栋建筑内。[88]

2.3 品牌塑造 | Branding

图2-1至2-5（发布于知乎想法）

Alitalia branding was iconic with Italians as the airline adopted the colors of the flag of Italy (green, white, and red). The name Alitalia is an Italian portmanteau of the words ali (‘wings’) and Italia (‘Italy’).[89][dubious – discuss][unreliable source?]
【参考译文】意大利航空公司的品牌形象深受意大利人的喜爱，因为该公司采用了意大利国旗的颜色（绿色、白色和红色）。意大利航空（Alitalia）这个名字是意大利语中“ali”（翅膀）和“Italia”（意大利）两个词的结合。[89][有争议–讨论][来源不可靠？]

The iconic livery, designed based on its logo, had the letter A painted on the tailfin of the aircraft, with a hockey stick-style livery design on the body. It was introduced in 1969. Starting with the joint venture with Etihad Airways, the airline redesigned its livery with a warm ivory fuselage design with only the Alitalia A wrapped around the tail and the tail section of the airplane. The final branding and livery design was created by Landor.[90]
【参考译文】标志性的机身涂装设计基于其标志，在飞机尾翼上绘有字母A，机身则采用曲棍球棒式的涂装设计。这一设计于1969年推出。从与阿提哈德航空（Etihad Airways）成立合资公司开始，意大利航空公司重新设计了其机身涂装，采用温暖的象牙色机身设计，仅在机尾和飞机尾部环绕着意大利航空的A字标志。最终的品牌标识和机身涂装设计由Landor公司创作。[90]

2.4 广告 | Advertising

A variety of different slogans have been used by Alitalia:
【参考译文】意大利航空公司使用过多种不同的口号：

  • “Alitalia vola con te” (Alitalia flies with you)[91]
    【参考译文】意大利航空与您同行
  • “Fatti per volare alto” (Made to fly high)[92]
    【参考译文】为高飞而生
  • “Alitalia, al lavoro per te” (Alitalia, working for you)[93]
    【参考译文】意大利航空，为您而工作
  • “Muoviamo chi muove l’Italia” (We move those who move Italy)[94]
    【参考译文】我们运送那些感动意大利的人
  • “Scegli come volare” (Choose how to fly)[95]
    【参考译文】选择如何去飞
  • “The pleasure of flying Made in Italy“[96]
    【参考译文】意大利制造的飞行乐趣

In 2014, the company adopted a new slogan[97]
【参考译文】2014年，该公司采用了新的口号[97]

  • “Where the journey meets the destination.” (International advertisement)
    【参考译文】“旅程与目的地的交汇处。”（国际广告）

2.5 财务问题 | Financial issues

Main article: Financial situation of Alitalia【主条目：老意大利航空的财务处境】

图2-6和2-7（发布于知乎想法）

2.5.1 意大利航空 – LAI 财务问题 | Alitalia – LAI financial issue

Alitalia-Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. lost money for years owing to problems with pilots and crew members[citation needed] and labour difficulties[citation needed], and to government and political interference with attempts to solve them.[citation needed] The Italian government supported Alitalia many times until the European Union set a moratorium on any support before 2011. Alitalia – Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. did not survive this moratorium. Alitalia – Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. went into liquidation in 2008. The viable parts of Alitalia – Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. were bought by the private company Alitalia – Compagnia Aerea Italiana on 12 December 2008, which started operations on 13 January 2009.
【参考译文】意大利航空公司（Alitalia-Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A.）因飞行员和机组人员问题[需引证]以及劳资困难[需引证]，加之政府和政治干预解决这些问题的尝试[需引证]，而连续多年亏损。意大利政府曾多次支持意大利航空公司，直至欧盟在2011年前对其任何支持设定了暂停期。意大利航空公司（Alitalia – Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A.）未能挺过这一暂停期。意大利航空公司（Alitalia – Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A.）于2008年宣告破产清算。2008年12月12日，意大利航空公司的可行部分被私营公司意大利航空（Alitalia – Compagnia Aerea Italiana）收购，并于2009年1月13日开始运营。

Alitalia has reported only one year of profit (1998) since its foundation in 1946. Alitalia reported net losses of more than €3.7 billion between 1999 and 2008. Previous state aid to Alitalia included some €1.5 billion in 1998 from the government of premier Romano Prodi. In 2002, Alitalia received a capital increase of €1.432 billion under the government of Silvio Berlusconi. In 2004, the Berlusconi government gave a €400mn ‘bridge’ loan to Alitalia. In 2005, the capital of Alitalia was increased by €1.6 billion, including an over €500mn bond float issued with the promise of a return to profit in 2006. (Unfortunately the year ended with a loss of €626 million). In 2008, the Italian government gave a bridging loan of €300mn to Alitalia.
【参考译文】自1946年成立以来，意大利航空公司（Alitalia）仅在1998年实现了一年盈利。从1999年至2008年，意大利航空公司报告的净亏损超过37亿欧元。之前对意大利航空公司的国家援助包括1998年时任总理罗马诺·普罗迪（Romano Prodi）政府提供的约15亿欧元。2002年，在西尔维奥·贝卢斯科尼（Silvio Berlusconi）政府执政期间，意大利航空公司获得了14.32亿欧元的增资。2004年，贝卢斯科尼政府向意大利航空公司提供了4亿欧元的“过桥”贷款。2005年，意大利航空公司的资本增加了16亿欧元，其中包括发行了超过5亿欧元的债券，并承诺在2006年实现盈利（不幸的是，该年度最终亏损6.26亿欧元）。2008年，意大利政府向意大利航空公司提供了3亿欧元的过桥贷款。

The government could in 2006 no longer offer support to the failing airline since it had been forbidden by the European Union to inject new capital. Therefore, as all other attempts to save the company had failed, the Italian government announced its willingness to lead Alitalia towards privatization by lowering its part of ownership in it. Several failed attempts to take over or merge Alitalia were made.
【参考译文】2006年，由于欧盟禁止向经营不善的航空公司注入新资本，政府无法再为意大利航空公司提供支持。因此，在拯救公司的所有其他尝试都失败后，意大利政府宣布愿意通过降低其所有权份额来推动意大利航空公司的私有化。几次接管或合并意大利航空公司的尝试都失败了。

In May 2008, the government issued a decree that would exempt Alitalia from disclosing information on this sale to the market.[98] As a consequence the trade in Alitalia stock at the Borsa Italiana in Milan was halted indefinitely by the stock exchange authorities as of 4 June 2008. Intesa Sanpaolo, as requested by the government, devised a plan in co-operation with the Italian cabinet. The plan was that Alitalia would file for bankruptcy, and thus be protected from its creditors. The next step of the plan was to split Alitalia in two parts, one part containing the debts and less promising parts of the company. After negotiations under supervision of the Italian government Alitalia filed for bankruptcy in August 2008.
【参考译文】2008年5月，政府发布了一项法令，免除意大利航空公司向市场披露此次出售信息的义务。[98]因此，自2008年6月4日起，米兰证券交易所（Borsa Italiana）无限期暂停了意大利航空公司的股票交易。按照政府要求，意大利联合信贷银行（Intesa Sanpaolo）与意大利内阁合作制定了一项计划。该计划是，意大利航空公司将申请破产，从而免受债权人的追债。计划的下一步是将意大利航空公司一分为二，一部分包含公司的债务和不太有前景的部分。在意大利政府的监督下进行谈判后，意大利航空公司于2008年8月申请破产。

In September 2008, Pope Benedict XVI revealed that he was offering his prayer for Alitalia after takeover talks broke down.[99]
【参考译文】2008年9月，教皇本笃十六世（Pope Benedict XVI）透露，在接管谈判失败后，他正在为意大利航空公司祈祷。[99]

2.5.2 意大利航空公司-CAI财务问题 | Alitalia – CAI financial issue

CAI, Compagnia Aerea Italiana, a consortium of Italian investors, presented a binding offer of €1,100 million to Alitalia’s bankruptcy administrator on 30 October 2008 to acquire parts of the airline, pressing ahead despite refusal by some pilots and flight attendants’ unions to sign on to the rescue plan. The Italian government and the bankruptcy administrator agreed to the CAI takeover offer on 19 November 2008. The profitable assets of Alitalia – Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. were transferred to CAI on 12 December 2008, when CAI paid the offered sum. CAI paid €1.052 billion ($1.33 billion), paying €427 million in cash and taking on €625 million in Alitalia debts. CAI is liable for all Alitalia expenses per 1 December 2008.[100] CAI bought Air One as well.
【参考译文】由意大利投资者组成的财团意大利航空（Compagnia Aerea Italiana，简称CAI）于2008年10月30日向意大利航空公司的破产管理人提出了一项具有约束力的报价，以11亿欧元收购该航空公司的部分业务，尽管一些飞行员和空乘人员工会拒绝签署救援计划，但CAI仍继续推进。2008年11月19日，意大利政府和破产管理人同意了CAI的收购报价。2008年12月12日，当CAI支付了报价金额时，意大利航空公司（Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A.）的盈利资产被转让给了CAI。CAI支付了10.52亿欧元（13.3亿美元），其中4.27亿欧元为现金支付，并承担了意大利航空公司6.25亿欧元的债务。CAI承担了截至2008年12月1日的意大利航空公司所有费用。[100]CAI还收购了Air One。

2.6 意大利航空货运 | Alitalia Cargo

图2-8（发布于知乎想法）

Established in 1947, Alitalia Cargo became a member of SkyTeam Cargo in 2001. Destinations concentrated on strategic markets to China, Korea, Japan and the USA. Alitalia Cargo had a fleet of 5 McDonnell Douglas MD-11 freighter aircraft operating from Malpensa International Airport. Due to financial turmoil, Alitalia cargo division was sold off to new owners and ceased operations on 12 January 2009.
【参考译文】意大利航空货运部成立于1947年，2001年成为天合联盟货运的成员。其目的地主要集中在前往中国、韩国、日本和美国等战略市场的航线上。意大利航空货运部拥有一支由5架麦克唐纳·道格拉斯MD-11货机组成的机队，从马尔彭萨国际机场起降。由于财务动荡，意大利航空货运部被出售给新东家，并于2009年1月12日停止运营。

2.7 争议 | Controversy

2.7.1 Volare集团争议 | Volare controversy

In December 2005, the bankrupt Volare Group (Volareweb, Air Europe) was put up for sale. Alitalia bid to buy the group (other bidders were Air One and Meridiana/Eurofly). Air One went to court claiming that Alitalia could not buy Volare Group as it had received state aid in the past. The TAR (Regional Administrative Tribunal) of Lazio tried to block Alitalia’s acquisition of Volare Group but abandoned the attempt, claiming that Alitalia had repaid its €400 million loan and so there would be nothing stopping it from buying Volare Group. Air One also went to court, unsuccessfully. Alitalia created Volare SpA to buy the Volare Group. The airlines were becoming closer and Volare Group had started providing soft maintenance services for some Alitalia aircraft in Milan Malpensa airport. However, the Italian Consiglio di Stato (State Council) on 23 May 2006 has once again blocked the acquisition of the airline. It is not clear what is going to happen as Volare is in serious financial difficulties. On 2 November 2006, TAR court decided that the administrative procedure used by the Italian government to sell Volare to Alitalia was invalid but the selling contract is still valid because the administrative court was declared incompetent about this topic. If Air One wants to obtain Volare, it will have to go to the local civil court and ask it to declare that the selling contract is invalid. Alitalia’s offer for 38 million euros was the winning bid. On 15 May 2006, the former Volare Group employees were transferred to Volare SpA (the Alitalia subsidiary).
【参考译文】2005年12月，破产的沃拉雷集团（Volareweb、欧洲航空）被挂牌出售。意大利航空公司出价竞购该集团（其他竞购者包括航空一公司和子午线航空/欧洲飞翼航空公司）。航空一公司向法院提起诉讼，声称意大利航空公司不能收购沃拉雷集团，因为意大利航空公司过去接受过国家援助。拉齐奥大区行政法庭（TAR）试图阻止意大利航空公司收购沃拉雷集团，但放弃了这一尝试，声称意大利航空公司已经偿还了4亿欧元的贷款，因此没有什么能阻止其收购沃拉雷集团。航空一公司的诉讼也未成功。意大利航空公司成立了沃拉雷股份公司来收购沃拉雷集团。两家航空公司关系日益紧密，沃拉雷集团已开始为米兰马尔彭萨机场的一些意大利航空公司飞机提供软性维护服务。然而，2006年5月23日，意大利国家理事会（Consiglio di Stato）再次阻止了这次航空公司的收购。目前尚不清楚沃拉雷集团未来将何去何从，因为该集团正面临严重的财务困境。2006年11月2日，大区行政法庭裁定，意大利政府将沃拉雷集团出售给意大利航空公司的行政程序无效，但出售合同仍然有效，因为行政法庭对此案没有管辖权。如果航空一公司想收购沃拉雷集团，就必须向当地民事法院提起诉讼，要求法院宣布出售合同无效。意大利航空公司以3800万欧元的价格赢得了竞购。2006年5月15日，前沃拉雷集团的员工被转至沃拉雷股份公司（意大利航空公司的子公司）。

2.7.2 意大利航空（Alitalia）- LAI 的反垄断问题 | Antitrust issues with Alitalia – LAI

In December 2005, Italy’s antitrust agency fined Alitalia €30,000 for misleading consumers by advertising a round-trip flight tariff while showing only the price of a one-way ticket. The antitrust agency in a statement said the advertisement appeared on Alitalia’s web site during May and June 2005.
【参考译文】2005年12月，意大利反垄断机构因意大利航空在广告中宣传往返航班票价却仅显示单程票价而对消费者造成误导，对其处以3万欧元罚款。反垄断机构在一份声明中表示，该广告于2005年5月和6月期间出现在意大利航空的网站上。

The European Court of Justice has in July 2008 rejected an appeal by Alitalia against the European Commission in a long-running inquiry into Italian state aid. The airline challenged conditions set by the commission in 2001 for the use of state aid in restructuring the company. The court ruling does not impose any new conditions on Alitalia and the commission considers the case settled. A statement: “the Court of First Instance dismisses Alitalia’s action and confirms that the commission’s decision of 2001 is valid”. The court “confirms the validity of each of the conditions imposed on Alitalia by the commission”. These conditions were:
【参考译文】2008年7月，欧洲法院驳回了意大利航空针对欧盟委员会关于意大利国家援助的长期调查所提起的上诉。该航空公司对欧盟委员会于2001年提出的关于利用国家援助对公司进行重组的条件提出了质疑。法院的裁决并未对意大利航空提出任何新的条件，欧盟委员会认为此案已了结。一份声明称：“一审法院驳回了意大利航空的诉讼，并确认欧盟委员会2001年的决定有效。”法院“确认欧盟委员会对意大利航空提出的每一项条件均有效”。这些条件包括：

  • a requirement that the Italian authorities act as a normal shareholder;
    【参考译文】要求意大利政府作为普通股东行事；
  • that cash injections be used only for restructuring Alitalia and not for expanding the business;
    【参考译文】现金注入仅用于意大利航空的重组，而非业务扩张；
  • that Alitalia sells its holding in the Hungarian airline Malev;
    【参考译文】意大利航空出售其在匈牙利航空公司Malev的股份；
  • and that the state aid take the form of a one-off payment.
    【参考译文】国家援助以一次性付款的形式提供。

3. 目的地（航点）| Destinations

Main article: List of Alitalia destinations【主条目：老意大利航空的航点】

Alitalia served 97 destinations (as of October 2019). Alitalia’s hub was at Rome’s Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport. Four other Italian airports were focus cities.[101]
【参考译文】意大利航空有 97 个目的地（截至 2019 年 10 月）。意大利航空的枢纽是罗马的列奥纳多达芬奇-菲乌米奇诺机场。其他四个意大利机场是重点城市。[101]

3.1 航空联盟 | Alliances

Alitalia had been in the SkyTeam alliance since 2009; Alitalia – LAI originally joined in 2001.[102] Alitalia had arranged code-share agreements with SkyTeam members, allowing passengers to fly to numerous destinations (with some or all segments operated by airlines other than Alitalia) using a single Alitalia ticket.[103] In July 2010, Alitalia also joined Air France, KLM and Delta‘s transatlantic joint venture, meaning that the profits from flights across the Atlantic would be shared between the four airlines.[104] On 21 May 2020, Alitalia left the SkyTeam Transatlantic Joint Venture.[56] The fidelity program of Alitalia, called MilleMiglia, with more than 6,000,000 customers, was not sold to ITA Airways, and will continue functioning independently.[105]
【参考译文】自2009年起，意大利航空已成为天合联盟的成员；而意大利航空-LAI则最初于2001年加入。[102]意大利航空已与天合联盟成员安排了代码共享协议，允许乘客使用一张意大利航空机票飞往众多目的地（部分或全部航段由除意大利航空以外的其他航空公司运营）。[103]2010年7月，意大利航空还加入了法国航空、荷兰皇家航空和达美航空的跨大西洋合资企业，这意味着四家航空公司将共享跨大西洋航班的利润。[104]2020年5月21日，意大利航空退出了天合联盟跨大西洋合资企业。[56]意大利航空的常旅客计划名为“MilleMiglia”，拥有超过600万名客户，该计划并未出售给ITA航空，将继续独立运营。[105]

3.2 代码共享协议 | Codeshare agreements

Alitalia codeshared with the following airlines:[106]
【参考译文】意大利航空与以下航空公司实行了代码共享：[106]

4. 机队 | Fleet

See also: Alitalia CityLiner § Fleet【参见：“意大利城际航空”词条的“机队”章节】

4.1 最后的机队 | Final fleet

Before ceasing operations, the Alitalia fleet consisted of the following aircraft.[119][120]
【参考译文】在停止运营之前，意大利航空的机队由以下飞机组成。[119][120]

图4-1至4-5（发布于知乎想法）

4.2 机队发展历程 | Fleet development

Between 2009 and 2011, Alitalia renewed its fleet with 34 new aircraft, while 26 older planes were retired. The renewal process ended in early 2013.[27] These new planes were not owned by Alitalia itself but were leased mostly from Aircraft Purchase Fleet (APF), an Irish leasing company created by former Air One owner Carlo Toto primarily to purchase the new Alitalia fleet.[25] Following the Air One merger, the entire fleet that was not already leased from other lessors, plus the former Air One fleet that was owned by Air One outright, came under the ownership of APF, a subsidiary of Toto’s Italian conglomerate Toto Holding. The majority of the fleet was on the Irish registry instead of the Italian registry.
【参考译文】2009年至2011年期间，意大利航空用34架新飞机更新了其机队，同时有26架老旧飞机退役。此次更新过程于2013年初结束。[27]这些新飞机并非意大利航空所有，而是主要从爱尔兰租赁公司飞机购买机队（APF）租来。该公司由前意大利航空一公司（Air One）所有人卡洛·托托（Carlo Toto）创立，主要目的是购买新的意大利航空机队。[25]在意大利航空一公司合并后，除已从其他出租人处租赁的飞机外，原本由意大利航空一公司完全拥有的机队也归入了APF名下，APF是托托的意大利企业集团托托控股的子公司。机队中的大多数在爱尔兰注册而非意大利注册。

4.2.1 2020计划 | 2020 plans

During its restructuring in 2020 under Italian government ownership, Alitalia planned to reduce its fleet of 113 aircraft to “more than 90”.[51] It planned to acquire the Airbus A320-200 and possibly the Airbus A320neo; for long-haul service, the airline was to buy the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, specifically the 787-8 and 787-9 variants, although Airbus offered the A330neo and A350 XWB. The airline intended to secure list price discounts of at least 50% and up to 70%, and negotiations with the manufacturers were ongoing.[127]
【参考译文】在2020年意大利政府所有的情况下进行重组期间，意大利航空计划将其113架飞机的机队规模缩减至“90多架”。[51]它计划购买空客A320-200，并可能购买空客A320neo；对于远程航线服务，该航空公司计划购买波音787梦幻客机，特别是787-8和787-9两种型号，尽管空客也提供了A330neo和A350 XWB。该航空公司打算获得至少50%至高达70%的目录价格折扣，并且与制造商的谈判仍在进行中。[127]

4.3 历史机队 | Historical fleet

Main article: List of aircraft operated by Alitalia【主条目：老意大利航空运营的航空器列表】

  • Alitalia during the 1960s led European airlines into the Jet Age and it became the first airline in Europe to adopt an all jet aircraft fleet in 1969.[130]
    【参考译文】20世纪60年代，意大利航空引领欧洲航空公司进入了喷气式飞机时代，并于1969年成为欧洲第一家全部采用喷气式飞机机队的航空公司。[130]
  • The Boeing 767-300ER was introduced to the Alitalia-Linee Aeree Italiane fleet in 1994 in a bid to restructure its loss making international network. The first two aircraft joined the fleet in January 1995 and were wet-leased from AWAS whilst Alitalia sought to negotiate new pilot contracts and gain its own an ETOPS certification. To comply with European Union rules on long term wet-leasing, a deal with Monarch Airlines was negotiated in which the UK carrier would provide maintenance services and operate the aircraft on its own Air Operators’ Certificate on behalf of Alitalia. Therefore, a third British registered 767 registered G-OITC joined the fleet from AWAS via Monarch and the original two aircraft were re-registered as G-OITA and G-OITB.[131] Later in 1995, three more aircraft, leased from SALE in cooperation with AWAS, joined the fleet on wet-lease from Monarch – bringing the total number operated to six aircraft.[132] Between November 1996 and April 1997, all aircraft were moved to the Italian aircraft register. The last aircraft retired after 17 years of service in 2012. The last 767 flight was AZ845 from Accra via Lagos to Rome on 25 October 2012.[133]
    【参考译文】1994年，意大利航空-意大利航空公司将波音767-300ER引入其机队，旨在重组其亏损的国际航线网络。1995年1月，首批两架飞机加入机队，它们是从AWAS公司湿租来的，同时意大利航空正试图谈判新的飞行员合同并获得自己的ETOPS认证。为符合欧盟关于长期湿租的规定，意大利航空与君主航空公司达成了协议，由这家英国航空公司提供维护服务，并在其自己的航空运营人证书下代表意大利航空运营这些飞机。因此，第三架在英国注册的767飞机（注册号为G-OITC）通过君主航空公司从AWAS加入机队，而最初的两架飞机则重新注册为G-OITA和G-OITB。[131]1995年晚些时候，另外三架与AWAS合作从SALE租赁的飞机以湿租方式通过君主航空公司加入机队，使运营飞机总数达到六架。[132]1996年11月至1997年4月期间，所有飞机均转至意大利飞机登记册。最后一架飞机在服役17年后于2012年退役。最后一架767航班是2012年10月25日从阿克拉经拉各斯飞往罗马的AZ845航班。[133]
  • The McDonnell Douglas MD-82 was introduced to the Alitalia-Linee Aeree Italiane fleet in 1983, and then retired in 2012 after 29 years of service. The last flight with this aircraft type operated on 27 October 2012 using the plane with registration I-DATI on flight AZ1740 (Catania–Milan-Linate). The same aircraft on 17 December 2012 operated a memorial flight from Rome-Fiumicino Airport to Trieste Airport with journalists and ex-Alitalia’s CEO Andrea Ragnetti on board. During landing, I-DATI was supported by Frecce Tricolori; they did a show for the occasion.[134]
    【参考译文】1983年，麦道MD-82被引入意大利航空-意大利航空公司机队，在服役29年后于2012年退役。最后一架使用该机型的航班于2012年10月27日运营，航班号为AZ1740（卡塔尼亚-米兰-林纳特），使用的飞机注册号为I-DATI。同一天，这架飞机还在2012年12月17日从罗马菲乌米奇诺机场飞往的里雅斯特机场执行了一次纪念飞行，机上载有记者和前意大利航空首席执行官安德烈·拉涅蒂。在降落时，I-DATI得到了三色箭飞行队的护航，它们为此次活动进行了表演。[134]

4.4 特别涂装 | Special liveries

图4-6（发布于知乎想法）
  • In mid-2009, a Boeing 767-300ER (EI-DBP) was painted in the SkyTeam livery.[135]
    【参考译文】2009年中，一架波音767-300ER（EI-DBP）被喷绘上了天合联盟的涂装。[135]
  • On 19 July 2010, an Airbus A320-200 (EI-DSA), which had previously been in the Air One livery, was painted in a special “Alitalia.com” livery.[136] This plane is now wearing Alitalia-SAI livery.
    【参考译文】2010年7月19日，一架之前采用意大利航空一公司涂装的空客A320-200（EI-DSA）被喷绘上了特别的“Alitalia.com”涂装。[136]现在这架飞机采用的是意大利航空-SAI涂装。
  • In March 2012, an Embraer E-190-100LR (EI-RND) was delivered in the SkyTeam livery.[137]
    【参考译文】2012年3月，一架采用天合联盟涂装的巴航工业E-190-100LR（EI-RND）交付使用。[137]
  • In March 2012, a Boeing 777-200ER (EI-DDH) was painted in the SkyTeam livery.[138]
    【参考译文】2012年3月，一架波音777-200ER（EI-DDH）被喷绘上了天合联盟的涂装。[138]
  • In April 2012, an Airbus A321-100 (EI-IXI) was painted in the historic livery of Freccia Alata-Linee Aeree Italiane, Alitalia’s predecessor. This plane is now scrapped.[139][140]
    【参考译文】2012年4月，一架空客A321-100（EI-IXI）被喷绘上了意大利航空前身——意大利航空公司（Freccia Alata-Linee Aeree Italiane）的历史涂装。现在这架飞机已被报废。[139][140]
  • In November 2013, an Airbus A330-200 (EI-DIR), which had previously been in the Air One livery, was painted in the SkyTeam livery.
    【参考译文】2013年11月，一架之前采用意大利航空一公司涂装的空客A330-200（EI-DIR）被喷绘上了天合联盟的涂装。
  • In March 2014, an Airbus A330-200 (EI-EJG) and an Airbus A320-200 (EI-DSM) were painted in a special livery dedicated to Calabria. EI-EJG is now wearing Alitalia-SAI livery and EI-DSM is sold to Congo Airways.
    【参考译文】2014年3月，一架空客A330-200（EI-EJG）和一架空客A320-200（EI-DSM）被喷绘上了致敬卡拉布里亚的特别涂装。现在EI-EJG采用的是意大利航空-SAI涂装，而EI-DSM已出售给刚果航空。
  • In April 2014, an Airbus A319-100 (EI-IMI) was painted in a special livery dedicated to Friuli-Venezia Giulia. From August 2015 this plane is wearing Alitalia-SAI livery.
    【参考译文】2014年4月，一架空客A319-100（EI-IMI）被喷绘上了致敬弗留利-威尼斯朱利亚大区的特别涂装。自2015年8月起，这架飞机采用了意大利航空-SAI涂装。
  • In October 2014, an Airbus A330-200 (EI-EJM) was painted in a special livery, in cooperation with its partner Etihad Airways, dedicated to Expo 2015. This plane is now wearing Alitalia-SAI livery.
    【参考译文】2014年10月，一架空客A330-200（EI-EJM）在与合作伙伴阿提哈德航空的合作下，被喷绘上了致敬2015年世博会的特别涂装。现在这架飞机采用的是意大利航空-SAI涂装。
  • In December 2014, an Airbus A320-200 (EI-DSW) was painted in a Jeep Renegade Livery.[141] The plane is now wearing Alitalia-SAI livery.
    【参考译文】2014年12月，一架空客A320-200（EI-DSW）被喷绘上了Jeep Renegade涂装。[141]现在这架飞机采用的是意大利航空-SAI涂装。

5. 服务 | Services

图5-1（发布于知乎想法）

5.1 机上服务 | In-flight services

Alitalia had four classes of service:[142] Economy, Premium Economy, Business Class Medium Haul and Magnifica.[143] Only long haul aircraft offered WiFi and seat-back entertainment.
【参考译文】意大利航空有四种服务等级：[142] 经济舱、高级经济舱、中程商务舱和 Magnifica 舱。[143] 只有长途飞机提供 WiFi 和椅背娱乐系统。

5.2 飞行常客奖励计划 | Frequent-flyer program

The airline’s frequent-flyer program was named “MilleMiglia” (thousand miles), and was part of the SkyTeam alliance program, which allowed passengers to collect miles and redeem them with free tickets across the whole alliance.[144]
【参考译文】该航空公司的常旅客计划名为“MilleMiglia”（千英里），是天合联盟计划的一部分，允许乘客累积里程并在整个联盟内兑换免费机票。[144]

It also granted access to Alitalia’s Privilege clubs, Ulisse, Freccia Alata, and Freccia Alata Plus, depending on the number of miles collected in a year, with various advantages depending on the club. These clubs gave access to SkyTeam Elite (Ulisse) and SkyTeam Elite+ (Freccia Alata, Freccia Alata plus).[144]
【参考译文】根据一年内累积的里程数，乘客还可以加入意大利航空的特权俱乐部，包括Ulisse、Freccia Alata和Freccia Alata Plus，不同俱乐部提供不同的优惠。这些俱乐部还可以让乘客进入天合联盟精英（Ulisse）和天合联盟精英+（Freccia Alata、Freccia Alata Plus）层级。[144]

On 3 February 2015, Etihad Airways acquired a 75 per cent stake in Alitalia Loyalty S.p.A., the owner and operator of MilleMiglia, with Alitalia retaining the remaining 25 per cent stake. Alitalia Loyalty was now part of Global Loyalty Company (GLC), a loyalty and lifestyle company that aimed to allow Etihad Airways and its partners to target the global loyalty market more effectively. GLC also consists of Etihad Airways’ Etihad Guest. Together, Etihad Guest, topbonus, JetPrivilege and MilleMiglia had a combined total of 14 million members worldwide.[145] However, on 18 December 2018, Alitalia and Global Loyalty Company LLC signed an agreement under which Global Loyalty Company LLC sold the 75% of Alitalia Loyalty S.p.A. to the Italian carrier.[146]
【参考译文】2015年2月3日，阿提哈德航空收购了MilleMiglia的所有者和经营者意大利航空忠诚公司（Alitalia Loyalty S.p.A.）75%的股份，而意大利航空保留了剩余的25%股份。意大利航空忠诚公司现在是全球忠诚公司（Global Loyalty Company，GLC）的一部分，这是一家忠诚度和生活方式公司，旨在使阿提哈德航空及其合作伙伴更有效地瞄准全球忠诚度市场。全球忠诚公司还包括阿提哈德航空的阿提哈德常旅客计划。阿提哈德常旅客计划、topbonus、JetPrivilege和MilleMiglia在全球范围内共有1400万会员。[145]然而，2018年12月18日，意大利航空和全球忠诚公司有限责任公司签署了一项协议，根据该协议，全球忠诚公司有限责任公司将其持有的意大利航空忠诚公司75%的股份出售给了这家意大利航空公司。[146]

6. 事故和事件 | Accidents and incidents

Eight Alitalia flights were hijacked, and 29 aircraft accidents or incidents involved Alitalia planes.[147]
【参考译文】意大利航空曾遭遇8次劫机事件，并有29架飞机发生过事故或相关事件。[147]

Two Alitalia pilots, Alberto Nassetti and Pier Paolo Racchetti, were killed while acting as passengers during the 1994 A330 test flight.[148] Alitalia dedicated two Boeing 767 aircraft to the lost pilots.[citation needed]
【参考译文】在1994年的一次A330试飞中，两名意大利航空飞行员——阿尔贝托·纳塞蒂和皮尔·保罗·拉凯蒂，作为乘客时不幸遇难。[148]意大利航空为这两位逝去的飞行员专门设立了两架波音767飞机以示纪念。[需要引文]

  • On 30 June 1982, an Alitalia Boeing 747 with 340 passengers was hijacked by a Sri Lankan man, Sepala Ekanayake. He demanded $300,000, for the plane to fly to Bangkok-Don Muang International Airport and for his wife and son to be brought to Bangkok. After the hijacking Sepala Ekanayake was sent to Sri Lanka where he was arrested and sentenced to prison.[149]
    【参考译文】1982年6月30日，一名斯里兰卡男子塞帕拉·埃卡纳亚克劫持了一架载有340名乘客的意大利航空波音747飞机。他要求获得30万美元，让飞机飞往曼谷-廊曼国际机场，并将他的妻子和儿子带到曼谷。在劫机事件发生后，塞帕拉·埃卡纳亚克被遣送至斯里兰卡，并在那里被捕入狱。[149]
  • On 24 April 2011, an attempt was made to hijack Alitalia Flight 329 en route from Charles de Gaulle Airport, Paris, France, to Fiumicino Airport, Rome, Italy, and divert it to Tripoli International Airport, Libya. The hijacker, reported to be an advisor to the Kazakhstan delegation to UNESCO, was subdued by cabin crew and other passengers. On 5 May 2017, cabin crew member Ermenegildo Rossi received the Gold Medal for Civil Merit for his role in subduing the hijacker. The hijacker was arrested and taken into custody after the aircraft made a safe landing at Rome-Fiumicino.[150]
    【参考译文】2011年4月24日，在从法国巴黎夏尔·戴高乐机场飞往意大利罗马菲乌米奇诺机场的意大利航空329号航班上，有人试图劫持飞机并将其改飞至利比亚的黎波里国际机场。据报道，这名劫机者是哈萨克斯坦驻联合国教科文组织代表团的顾问，但他最终被乘务员和其他乘客制服。2017年5月5日，乘务员埃尔梅内吉尔多·罗西因在制服劫机者过程中的表现而获得民事功绩金奖。飞机在罗马菲乌米奇诺机场安全着陆后，劫机者被逮捕并拘留。[150]

参见、参考文献、外部链接

请点击这里访问（辽观网站）

分享到：