Bitcoin in El Salvador（比特币在萨尔瓦多）-（全文）英文维基百科词条

By cathayvista区块链, 区域：中南美洲, 货币, 金融业

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0. 概述

辽观注：此标题是我们在搬运、整合过程中添加的。

El Salvador became the first country in the world to use bitcoin as legal tender, after having been adopted as such by the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador in 2021.[1] It has been promoted by Nayib Bukele, the president of El Salvador, who claimed that it would improve the economy by making banking easier for Salvadorans, and that it would encourage foreign investment. In 2022, more Salvadorians had Bitcoin Lightning wallets than bank accounts.[2][3] In 2023, Bukele has credited this change to fueling the increase in tourism to El Salvador by 95%. The adoption has been criticized both internationally and within El Salvador, due to the volatility of Bitcoin, its environmental impact, and lack of transparency regarding the government’s fiscal policy. In 2024, El Salvador agreed to partially limit its involvement with Bitcoin as part of a deal made with the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
【参考译文】2021年，萨尔瓦多立法大会通过法案后，萨尔瓦多成为世界上第一个将比特币作为法定货币的国家。[1]萨尔瓦多总统纳伊布·布克尔（Nayib Bukele）一直在积极推动这一举措，他声称，此举将使萨尔瓦多人的银行业务更加便捷，从而改善经济，并将吸引外国投资。2022年，拥有比特币闪电网络钱包的萨尔瓦多人比拥有银行账户的人还要多。[2][3]2023年，布克尔将旅游业增长95%归功于这一变革。比特币的波动性、环境影响以及政府财政政策缺乏透明度等问题，在国际上和萨尔瓦多国内都受到了批评。2024年，萨尔瓦多同意作为与国际货币基金组织（IMF）达成协议的一部分，部分限制其与比特币的关联。

1. 历史 | History

1.1 背景 | Background

Main article: Economy of El Salvador【主条目：萨尔瓦多的经济】

The colón (SVC) was the official currency of El Salvador from 1892 until it was replaced by the US dollar on January 1, 2001, when the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador passed the Monetary Integration Act under the administration of former President Francisco Flores. The Act authorized the free circulation of the United States dollar in El Salvador, and removed the colón from circulation.[4] The purpose of dollarizing El Salvador was to achieve financial stability by encouraging foreign investment and decreasing transaction costs of international trade.[5]
【参考译文】科朗（SVC）自1892年起至2001年1月1日被美元取代之前，一直是萨尔瓦多的官方货币。当时，在时任总统弗朗西斯科·弗洛雷斯（Francisco Flores）的领导下，萨尔瓦多立法大会通过了《货币一体化法案》。该法案授权美元在萨尔瓦多自由流通，并停止科朗流通。[4]萨尔瓦多美元化的目的是通过鼓励外国投资和降低国际贸易交易成本来实现金融稳定。[5]

However, the government was unable to control monetary policy after dollarization, as the value of currency was tied to the United States Federal Reserve. The exchange rate, which was fixed at one U.S dollar being equivalent to 8.75 colóns, decreased the purchasing power of the population.[6] Dollarization slowed down El Salvador’s exports because it could not compete against the undervalued currencies of other developing countries such as China. The lack of financial literacy harmed the population of El Salvador since they did not know how to use the US dollar, nor did they understand its value.[7]
【参考译文】然而，在美元化之后，政府无法控制货币政策，因为货币价值与美国联邦储备系统挂钩。固定汇率（1美元等于8.75科朗）降低了民众的购买力。[6]美元化导致萨尔瓦多出口放缓，因为其无法与诸如中国等其他发展中国家的贬值货币竞争。金融知识匮乏对萨尔瓦多民众造成了损害，因为他们既不知道如何使用美元，也不了解美元的价值。[7]

Remittances accounted for 23% of GDP in 2020.[8] They are currently delivered by money transmitters, which operate on an in-person basis.[9]
【参考译文】2020年，侨汇占萨尔瓦多国内生产总值（GDP）的23%。[8]目前，侨汇是通过面对面交易的钱款汇兑商进行交付的。[9]

In 2019, the village of El Zonte adopted bitcoin as a payment following a donation of $100,000 worth of bitcoin from an anonymous donor.[10] The donation came with the stipulation that the village adopt a circular economy based on bitcoin.[11] Many residents in El Zonte did not have access to banking services, and accessed bitcoin through mobile devices and Bitcoin ATMs in commercial areas.[12][13] The village has since become known as “Bitcoin Beach”, and has been cited as an example of using cryptocurrency as legal tender by advocates of bitcoin.[14] As of 2022, Honduras and Guatemala had also made attempts to attract tourists through the use of bitcoin in “bitcoin hubs.”[15][16]
【参考译文】2019年，埃尔宗特村（El Zonte）在一位匿名捐赠者捐赠了价值10万美元的比特币后，开始接受比特币作为支付方式。[10]捐赠条件是该村必须采用以比特币为基础的循环经济。[11]埃尔宗特村的许多居民无法享受银行服务，而是通过商业区的移动设备和比特币自动柜员机接触比特币。[12][13]自此，该村被称为“比特币海滩”，并被比特币倡导者引为使用加密货币作为法定货币的例子。[14]截至2022年，洪都拉斯和危地马拉也尝试通过设立“比特币中心”使用比特币来吸引游客。[15][16]

1.2 采用 | Adoption

On June 5, 2021 President of El Salvador Nayib Bukele announced a bill to adopt bitcoin as legal tender in El Salvador,[17] via an English-language video at Bitcoin Conference 2021 in Miami.[18] Bukele claimed that the adoption of Bitcoin would make it easier for Salvadorans living abroad to send remittances to their relatives in the country. The use of bitcoin would also make digital transactions more accessible to underbanked people.[19]
【参考译文】2021年6月5日，萨尔瓦多总统纳伊布·布克尔（Nayib Bukele）在迈阿密举行的2021年比特币大会（Bitcoin Conference 2021）上，通过一段英文视频宣布了一项法案，拟将比特币作为萨尔瓦多的法定货币。[17][18]布克尔声称，采用比特币将使生活在国外的萨尔瓦多人更容易向国内的亲属汇寄侨汇。使用比特币还将使未充分享受银行服务的人群更容易进行数字交易。[19]

On June 9, 2021, the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador voted to adopt the Bitcoin Law, that would make the cryptocurrency legal tender in the country, with a majority vote of 62 of the 84 deputies in favor.[20] The government announced that it had set aside $150 million in cash to back the country’s bitcoin.[21] The World Bank rejected a request from the government to assist with the implementation of the law due to transparency concerns and the environmental impact of bitcoin mining.[22] The government announced that it would distribute US$30 in bitcoin to people who sign up to use an electronic wallet called Chivo (Salvadorean slang for ‘cool’), at a cost of up to $75 million.[23] Chivo is run by a private enterprise, but information regarding the platform and its policies are classified by the government.[21][24]
【参考译文】2021年6月9日，萨尔瓦多立法大会以84名议员中62票多数的投票结果通过了《比特币法》，该法案将使加密货币在该国成为法定货币。[20]政府宣布，已预留1.5亿美元现金支持国家的比特币储备。[21]世界银行拒绝了政府提出的协助实施该法律的请求，原因是对比特币挖矿的透明度和环境影响存在担忧。[22]政府宣布，将向注册使用名为“奇沃”（Chivo，萨尔瓦多语意为“钱包”）电子钱包的人分发30美元的比特币。政府将该平台及其政策的相关信息列为机密。[21][24]

A poll published by the Central American University in September 2021 found that 9 out of 10 Salvadorans did not have a clear understanding of what bitcoin was, and 68% disagreed with the decision to adopt it as legal tender.[25] The government of El Salvador purchased ₿400, worth about $20.9 million at the time, on September 6.[26] On September 7, 2021, the Bitcoin Law came into effect and bitcoin became legal tender in El Salvador, making it the first country in the world to do so.[27] As part of this adoption, the government began requiring all businesses to accept it.[28] Under the law, transactions in bitcoin are not subject to capital gains tax, and foreign bitcoin investors who invest over ₿3 in the country are eligible for permanent residence.[29]
【参考译文】中美洲大学于2021年9月公布的一项民意调查显示，10名萨尔瓦多人中有9名对比特币是什么没有清晰的认识，68%的人不同意将其采纳为法定货币的决定。[25]2021年9月6日，萨尔瓦多政府购买了400枚比特币，当时价值约2090万美元。[26]2021年9月7日，《比特币法》生效，比特币成为萨尔瓦多的法定货币，萨尔瓦多因此成为世界上第一个这样做的国家。[27]作为采纳比特币的一部分，政府开始要求所有企业接受比特币。[28]根据该法律，比特币交易不受资本利得税的影响，在该国投资超过3枚比特币的外国比特币投资者有资格获得永久居留权。[29]

1.3 反响 | Reaction

The adoption of bitcoin as legal tender in El Salvador drew criticism both internationally, and within El Salvador. On September 7, thousands of protestors gathered in San Salvador to protest the launch of Chivo and the adoption of bitcoin. The cause of these protests was concern over a lack of transparency regarding the creation of the Bitcoin Law and Chivo, and the use of tax dollars to purchase bitcoin.[18] The limited rate of internet penetration in El Salvador would also limit the number of people who could make use of cryptocurrency.[30]
【参考译文】萨尔瓦多将比特币作为法定货币的决定在国际上和萨尔瓦多国内都引发了批评。9月7日，数千名抗议者在圣萨尔瓦多（San Salvador）集会，抗议奇沃（Chivo）电子钱包的推出和比特币的采用。这些抗议的原因是对比特币法和奇沃电子钱包制定过程缺乏透明度，以及使用税收购买比特币的担忧。[18]萨尔瓦多互联网普及率有限，也将限制能够使用加密货币的人数。[30]

Many international financial experts warned that bitcoin’s volatility would introduce unnecessary risk and instability to El Salvador’s underdeveloped economy.[31][21][32] In July 2021, Moody’s Investors Service downgraded the credit rating of El Salvador, citing Bukele’s fiscal policies and the adoption of bitcoin as a factor.[33] The day following El Salvador’s adoption of bitcoin, Panamanian congressman Gabriel Silva proposed a similar bill that would give “legal, regulatory, and fiscal certainty to the use, holding and issuance of digital value and crypto assets in the Republic of Panama.”[34]
【参考译文】许多国际金融专家警告称，比特币的波动性将为萨尔瓦多这个不发达的经济体带来不必要的风险和不稳定因素。[31][21][32]2021年7月，穆迪投资者服务公司（Moody’s Investors Service）下调了萨尔瓦多的信用评级，理由是布克尔的财政政策和采用比特币。[33]在萨尔瓦多采用比特币后的第二天，巴拿马国会议员加布里埃尔·西尔瓦（Gabriel Silva）提出了一项类似的法案，该法案将为“巴拿马共和国境内数字价值和加密资产的使用、持有和发行提供法律、监管和税收方面的确定性”。[34]

Some critics suggested that bitcoin’s anonymity would make it easier to engage in money laundering and criminal activities.[35][36] In particular, the potential use of Bitcoin to evade taxes, and in transactions related to transnational gangs and human trafficking in El Salvador was noted.[37]
【参考译文】一些批评人士认为，比特币的匿名性将使得洗钱和犯罪活动更加容易。[35][36]特别是比特币可能被用于逃税，以及在萨尔瓦多与跨国帮派和人口贩卖有关的交易中被使用。[37]

The international cryptocurrency community was largely supportive of the law,[38] which they believed could lead to a greater acceptance of cryptocurrency by states and central banks.[39][40] Cryptocurrency advocates on Twitter and Instagram shared videos of people using bitcoin to make purchases at chains like Starbucks, Pizza Hut and McDonald’s.[10][41]
【参考译文】国际加密货币界大体上支持这项法律，[38]他们认为这可能会导致各国和中央银行更加接受加密货币。[39][40]推特（Twitter）和照片墙（Instagram）上的加密货币倡导者分享了人们在星巴克（Starbucks）、必胜客（Pizza Hut）和麦当劳（McDonald’s）等连锁店使用比特币购物的视频。[10][41]

A poll by the Centro de Estudios Ciudadanos at Francisco Gavidia University in November 2021, found that 91% of Salvadorans preferred to use the US dollar over Bitcoin.[42] In January 2022, Fortune reported that the switch to bitcoin had made paying remittances more difficult for many Salvadorans, rather than easier as had been promised, because the fees associated with the bitcoin transactions were several times as expensive as traditional remittances.[43]
【参考译文】2021年11月，弗朗西斯科·加维迪亚大学（Francisco Gavidia University）公民研究中心进行的一项民意调查发现，91%的萨尔瓦多人更喜欢使用美元而不是比特币。[42]2022年1月，《财富》（Fortune）杂志报道称，转向比特币并未像承诺的那样让许多萨尔瓦多人更容易支付汇款，反而使汇款变得更加困难，因为与比特币交易相关的费用比传统汇款高出数倍。[43]

In January 2022, the International Monetary Fund urged El Salvador to cease using bitcoin as legal tender, citing its risk to the country’s financial stability, integrity and consumer protection.[44][45] The IMF advised that the continued use of bitcoin would make it less likely that the institution would grant El Salvador a previously discussed loan of $1.3 billion.[46]
【参考译文】2022年1月，国际货币基金组织（International Monetary Fund）敦促萨尔瓦多停止使用比特币作为法定货币，理由是比特币对该国的金融稳定、诚信和消费者保护构成风险。[44][45]国际货币基金组织建议，如果萨尔瓦多继续使用比特币，那么该机构不太可能批准之前讨论的向萨尔瓦多提供13亿美元的贷款。[46]

During an interview with Tucker Carlson in 2023, Bukele credited the Bitcoin legal tender law with fueling the increase in tourism to El Salvador by 95%.[47]
【参考译文】2023年，布克尔（Bukele）在接受塔克·卡尔森（Tucker Carlson）的采访时表示，比特币法定货币法律促使萨尔瓦多旅游业增长了95%。[47]

2. 比特币在萨尔瓦多的使用情况和经济影响 | Usage of and economic impact of bitcoin in El Salvador

2.1 2021年的直接影响 | Immediate impact in 2021

图2-1（发布于知乎想法）

Chivo launched in October 2021, and immediately drew criticism for issues regarding features like payment processing and transactions.[18] Shortly after midnight, Bukele confirmed via Twitter that the app was not available through either the Apple Store or Huawei, although Huawei later added it.[48] Chivo was disabled a few hours after launch to allow the platform to increase the capacity of its servers.[49] The system was also plagued by identity theft, which resulted in the theft of sign-on bonuses. Shortly after launch, Chivo announced that it was changing its pricing features to prevent scalping, which led to further complaints over the difficulty of day trading on Chivo and pricing discrepancies.[50]
【参考译文】奇沃（Chivo）于2021年10月推出，随即因其支付处理和交易等功能方面的问题而遭到批评。[18]午夜后不久，布克尔通过推特确认，该应用程序无法在苹果应用商店或华为应用商店下载，尽管华为后来将其添加到了应用商店。[48]奇沃在推出后数小时内被禁用，以便该平台增加其服务器容量。[49]该系统还受到身份盗窃的困扰，导致登录奖金被盗。推出后不久，奇沃宣布将更改其定价功能以防止囤积居奇，这进一步引发了人们对在奇沃上进行日间交易难度以及定价差异方面的投诉。[50]

The majority of users stopped using the platform after they had collected their sign on bonuses.[51] According to Financial Times, one of the country’s largest banks reported that during the first week of Chivo’s under 0.0001% of its transactions were in bitcoin.[52]
【参考译文】大多数用户在领取了注册奖金后就停止了使用该平台。[51]据《金融时报》报道，该国最大的银行之一报告称，在奇沃推出的第一周，其交易中不到0.0001%是使用比特币进行的。[52]

In 2021, the government of El Salvador began purchasing bitcoin. It spent about $85.5 million on bitcoin between September 2021 and January 2022.[53] The value of bitcoin began decreasing in November 2021, and had fallen by about 45% of its value by January 2022.[54] It is estimated that the Salvadoran national reserves had lost $22 million as a result of this.[55] The government continued to purchase bitcoins during this dip, and had holdings of at least ₿1,801 valued at $66 million as of January 2022.[56]
【参考译文】2021年，萨尔瓦多政府开始购买比特币。2021年9月至2022年1月期间，该国政府在比特币上花费了约8550万美元。[53]2021年11月开始，比特币的价值开始下降，到2022年1月时已下跌了约45%。[54]据估计，因此萨尔瓦多的国家储备损失了2200万美元。[55]在此期间，政府继续购买比特币，截至2022年1月，其持有的比特币至少为1801枚，价值6600万美元。[56]

Bukele announced that the government would use sustainable geothermal energy for Bitcoin mining. Bitcoin mining uses large amounts of energy, which contributes to pollution if fossil fuels power it.[57] Bukele announced plans to build Bitcoin City in November 2021, to be built in a circle at the base of the Conchagua volcano, which would provide geothermal energy for bitcoin mining.[58] Income taxes would be waived in the city.[59]
【参考译文】布克尔宣布，政府将使用可持续的地热能源进行比特币挖矿。比特币挖矿需要消耗大量能源，如果使用化石燃料供电，则会加剧污染。[57]2021年11月，布克尔宣布计划建设比特币城（Bitcoin City），该城市将建在孔查瓜（Conchagua）火山底部的一个圆形区域内，利用地热能源为比特币挖矿提供动力。[58]该城市将免征所得税。[59]

The announcement caused the value of El Salvador’s overseas bonds to fall by 30% in December 2021.[60][38] In 2022, the government began drafting legislation for the creation of $1 billion in “Volcano Bonds”.[61] Half of these bonds would fund Bukele’s Bitcoin City, with the remaining half used to purchase bitcoin on a five-year lock up period.[39]
【参考译文】该消息导致萨尔瓦多海外债券的价值在2021年12月下跌了30%。[60][38]2022年，政府开始起草立法，计划发行10亿美元的“火山债券”。[61]其中一半债券将用于资助布克尔的比特币城项目，另一半则用于在五年的锁定期内购买比特币。[39]

Later that year, 100 days after the Bitcoin Law came into force, according to a survey done by the Central American University: 34.8% of the population had no confidence in bitcoin, 35.3% had little confidence, 13.2% had some confidence, and 14.1% had a lot of confidence. 56.6% of respondents had downloaded the government bitcoin wallet; among them 62.9% had not yet used it or used it only once, whereas 36.3% used bitcoin at least once a month.[62][63]
【参考译文】同年晚些时候，在比特币法律生效100天后，根据中美洲大学的一项调查：34.8%的人口对比特币没有信心，35.3%的人信心不足，13.2%的人有一定信心，14.1%的人非常有信心。56.6%的受访者下载了政府比特币钱包；其中62.9%的人尚未使用过或仅使用过一次，而36.3%的人至少每月使用一次比特币。[62][63]

2.2 2022年的使用 | Usage in 2022

A year after the adoption of bitcoin, economic surveys found that cryptocurrency was not widely used in El Salvador, due in part to a lack of digital literacy. A study published by the US National Bureau of Economic Research found that 20% of people who downloaded the Chivo app did not use their $30 sign-on bonus. 61% of Chivo users stopped using the app after spending their bonus.[64] Despite governmental support for universal bitcoin acceptance, only an estimated 20% of businesses accepted payment in bitcoin by 2022.[36] The Salvadoran Chamber of Commerce found that only 14% of businesses in El Salvador had conducted bitcoin transactions between September 2021 and July 2022, while 3% felt that being able to use bitcoin was valuable.[65] According to the Central Reserve Bank, bitcoin was used in 1.9% of remittance payments sent to El Salvador between September 2021 and April 2022.[66] Media outlets reported that bitcoin had failed to increase tourist revenue, and that its use even in tourist hubs was limited to a minority of tourists.[15] However, some businesses in El Zonte reported that they had seen a 30% increase in business from cryptocurrency tourists.[67]
【参考译文】比特币被采纳一年后，经济调查显示，由于数字素养的缺乏等原因，加密货币在萨尔瓦多并未得到广泛使用。美国国家经济研究局发表的一项研究发现，下载奇沃应用的用户中有20%没有使用他们获得的30美元注册奖金。61%的奇沃用户在花完奖金后就停止了使用该应用。[64]尽管政府支持全面接受比特币，但到2022年，估计只有20%的企业接受比特币支付。[36]萨尔瓦多商会发现，2021年9月至2022年7月期间，只有14%的萨尔瓦多企业进行了比特币交易，而3%的企业认为能够使用比特币是有价值的。[65]根据萨尔瓦多中央银行的数据，2021年9月至2022年4月期间，向萨尔瓦多汇出的汇款中，只有1.9%是使用比特币支付的。[66]媒体报道称，比特币未能增加旅游收入，即使在旅游中心，其使用也仅限于少数游客。[15]然而，埃尔宗特的一些企业报告称，他们的加密货币游客业务增长了30%。[67]

In March 2022, the Salvadoran government announced that the “Volcano Bonds” project had been postponed, citing global economic conditions and the Russian invasion of Ukraine as factors.[68][69]
【参考译文】2022年3月，萨尔瓦多政府宣布“火山债券”项目已推迟，理由是全球经济形势和俄罗斯入侵乌克兰等因素。[68][69]

After the 2021–2022 cryptocurrency crash, bitcoin lost 70% of its value by June 2022 from a market high in November 2021.[70] By this time, Bukele had spent about US$150 million, roughly 4% of El Salvador’s national reserves, to invest in Bitcoin.[71] According to BBC, the 2,300 bitcoins purchased by the Salvadoran government had lost 50% of their value as of mid-2022.[67] El Salvador’s economic growth rate declined during this time, and many economists predicted it would likely default on its debt.[70][needs update] In response to these issues, Bukele decreased public expenditure, including water infrastructure and public services in some municipalities.[65] He frequently responded to volatility in the cryptocurrency market by announcing on Twitter that he was “buying the dip.”[72] In June 2022, he bought an additional 80 bitcoin. The Salvadoran Minister of Finance Alejandro Zelaya stated that the country had not lost any money during the crash, because it did not sell any of its bitcoin.[73]
【参考译文】在2021年至2022年的加密货币崩盘后，截至2022年6月，比特币较2021年11月的历史高点已贬值70%。[70]到此时为止，布克尔已花费约1.5亿美元（约占萨尔瓦多国家储备的4%）投资比特币。[71]据英国广播公司报道，截至2022年中，萨尔瓦多政府购买的2300枚比特币已贬值50%。[67]在此期间，萨尔瓦多的经济增长率下降，许多经济学家预测该国可能会违约债务。[70][需要更新]为了应对这些问题，布克尔减少了公共支出，包括一些市政的水利基础设施和公共服务。[65]他经常在推特上宣布自己正在“逢低买入”，以此回应加密货币市场的波动。[72]2022年6月，他又购买了额外的80枚比特币。萨尔瓦多财政部长亚历杭德罗·泽拉亚表示，在该次崩盘期间，该国并没有损失任何资金，因为它没有出售任何比特币。[73]

Prior to the crash, several other countries had announced plans to adopt bitcoin as legal tender, but only the Central African Republic had done so by mid-2022.[67]
【参考译文】在崩盘之前，已有几个国家宣布计划将比特币作为法定货币，但截至2022年中，只有中非共和国这样做了。[67]

2.3 2023–2024

By September 2023, two years after the Bitcoin law went into effect, the Spanish newspaper of record El País reported that bitcoin adoption could not be called either a success or a failure, but should be understood as having outcomes of both. “When introducing the currency to the population, the idea was that it be used in all types of transactions: from buying street food to a property.”[74]
【参考译文】截至2023年9月，即比特币法律生效两年后，西班牙权威报纸《国家报》报道称，比特币的采用既不能说成功，也不能说失败，而应该理解为同时具有两种结果。“在向民众推广这种货币时，初衷是希望它能在各种交易中使用：从购买街头小吃到购买房产。” [74]

However, the hacking of hundreds of Chivo wallets had perhaps scared many, and only 1.3% of El Salvadoran remittances during 2023 had been transferred using cryptocurrencies, while even in Mexico, the amount was larger at 4%. And partially due to the longer history of US dollar legal tender in El Salvador, which provides some protection of purchasing power from inflation and devaluations, bitcoin adoption in Argentina likely surpasses that of El Salvador. The volatile bitcoin price resulted in El Salvador’s bitcoin investments having lost approximately US$45 million with a bitcoin balance worth about US$76.5 million by September 2023. Mass adoption has been slowed by the absence of a coherent educational process across the country. On the other hand, it has resulted in significantly higher in-migration of businesses and capital to El Salvador, and has put the country, and Bukele, in headlines.[74]
【参考译文】然而，数百个奇沃钱包遭黑客攻击可能吓倒了许多人，2023年期间，只有1.3%的萨尔瓦多侨汇是通过加密货币转移的，而即使在墨西哥，这一比例也更高，达到4%。部分原因是美元在萨尔瓦多作为法定货币的历史更长，为购买力提供了一定的通胀和贬值保护，因此阿根廷采用比特币的程度可能超过了萨尔瓦多。比特币价格的波动导致萨尔瓦多的比特币投资损失了约4500万美元，截至2023年9月，比特币余额约为7650万美元。全国缺乏统一的教育过程，减缓了比特币的广泛采用。另一方面，这也促使企业和资本大量涌入萨尔瓦多，使该国和布克尔频频登上新闻头条。[74]

By December 2023, it was reported that the bitcoin purchased by Bukele’s administration had risen in value, and were worth US$3.7 million more than they had been purchased for. However, the Bukele administration had not yet recouped the expense of the adoption and promotion of cryptocurrency.[75]
【参考译文】截至2023年12月，据报道，布克尔政府购买的比特币已升值，其价值比购买时高出370万美元。然而，布克尔政府尚未收回采用和推广加密货币的费用。[75]

As of March 2024, El Salvador’s bitcoin gambit stood at a 50% profit, with bitcoin having recorded a new all-time high of over $69,000.[76][77]
【参考译文】截至2024年3月，萨尔瓦多对比特币的豪赌获得了50%的利润，比特币价格创下历史新高，超过69,000美元。[76][77]

In December, 2024, El Salvador, in an agreement for a $1.4 billion loan from the IMF, agreed to reduce bitcoin purchases, removed the mandatory acceptance of Bitcoin requirement on merchants, will no longer accept tax payments with the asset, and will wind-down its involvement in the Chivo wallet.[78][79]
【参考译文】2024年12月，萨尔瓦多在与国际货币基金组织（IMF）达成的一项14亿美元贷款协议中同意减少比特币购买量，取消商家必须接受比特币的要求，不再接受使用该资产纳税，并将逐步减少对奇沃钱包的参与。[78][79]

A. 参见（维基百科的相关词条）| See also

flagEl Salvador portal【萨尔瓦多主题】

B. 参考文献 | References

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