有轨电车 / Tram – 中英文维基百科词条融合

By cathayvista城市和市域交通, 轨道交通

中文词条原文链接（无法从中国内地访问）：请点击这里访问
英文词条原文链接（无法从中国内地访问）：请点击这里访问
本文基于英文词条的线索，并补充部分来自中文词条的内容（在二者冲突时，以更晚更新者为准）。 辽观搬运时进行了必要的合规化处理，以使其能够在中国内地上传。部分文字采用汉语拼音方式代替，音节后的数字表示汉语拼音规则中的声调。
关于辽观的维基百科搬运计划，及其他已搬运的词条，请点击这里了解更多。维基百科（Wikipedia）是美国维基媒体基金会的互联网百科项目，其内容可能受到立场、信息来源等因素影响，请客观看待。正文内容不代表译者观点。
辽观提供的翻译仅供参考。文中可能包含无法从中国内地访问的链接。

辽观所搬运的词条文本与维基百科一道同样遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议（辽观搬运的中英文对照版本），在符合协议要求的情况下您可以免费使用其内容（包括商用）。图片和视频可能遵循不同的共享协议。请点击这里访问

1. 正文（发布于知乎专栏）

第一部分（概述、词源和术语、历史）请点击这里访问

第二部分（剩余部分）请点击这里访问

2. 参见（维基百科的相关词条）| See also

————————————————————————

中文词条

有轨电车模型 | Tram models

See Category:Tram vehicles

各地有轨电车 | Trams by region

有轨电车列表 | Tram lists

其他主题 | Other topics

3. 英文词条参考文献 | References

3.1 引用列表（与文中标号对应）| Citations

  1. ^ “60 years since iconic Tatra T3 tram began roaming streets”. Radio Prague International. 16 November 2022. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
  2. ^ “tram”. The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
  3. ^ “tram”. Merriam Webster. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015.
  4. ^ “Streetcars vs LRT”. Edmonton Radial Railway Society. 1 January 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  5. ^ Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014
  6. ^ Jump up to:a b “Light rail and tramways”. Office of Rail and Road. Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  7. ^ “Light rail in figures” (PDF). UITP. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
  8. ^ “Škoda Group Produces World’s Longest Tram for Germany”. Rail-way News. 19 March 2025.
  9. ^ “Germany’s new tram broke the world record with a length of 58 meters!”. Scan TV. 1 December 2024.
  10. ^ “tram, n.2“. A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue (up to 1700). Dictionary of the Scots Language.
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  51. ^ Jump up to:a b c Hammond 2011, p. 142.
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  54. ^ “Street Railways his hobby”. Topeka Daily Capital. Topeka, Kansas. 14 November 1894 – via newspapers.com .
  55. ^ Malone 1928, p. 128.
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  57. ^ “Wiener Linien – Tram Travels”. tramtravels.com. 11 June 1999. Retrieved 14 September 2025.
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  64. ^ Fasting, Kåre: Sporveier i Oslo gjennom 100 år. AS Oslo Sporveier, Oslo 1975, pp. 49–50.
  65. ^ Green 1989[page needed]
  66. ^ Innovation in the world’s largest tram network Rail Express 5 May 2020
  67. ^ Division, Infrastructure. “City Tram Extension”. dpti.sa.gov.au. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  68. ^ Light rail in Newcastle opening from Monday 18 February Transport for NSW 3 February 2019
  69. ^ “Routes for Light Rail”. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  70. ^ Kyoto Tram from Kyoto City Web. Retrieved 12 February 2009.
  71. ^ “The Rebirth of Trams”. JFS Newsletter. December 2007. Retrieved 12 February 2009.
  72. ^ Freedman 2011, p. 6
  73. ^ “The Rebirth of Trams: The Promise of Light Railway Transit (LRT)”. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  74. ^ WordPress.com Archived 29 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine, “The transport politic”
  75. ^ “Caf’s ACR for catenary-free trams”.
  76. ^ Nye 1992, p. 86
  77. ^ “Thomas Davenport”. the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Archived from the original on 16 October 2008. Retrieved 14 February 2009.
  78. ^ UK, DVV Media. “Battery trams running in Nanjing”. Railway Gazette. Archived from the original on 14 January 2018. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
  79. ^ “Turkish Garatren unveils battery-powered retro tram for Iraq”. ROLLING STOCK. 19 January 2026. Retrieved 25 March 2026.
  80. ^ “The Mekarski Compressed Air Tramway at Berne, Switzerland”. Engineering News & American Railway Journal. Vol. 34. New York. 20 April 1893. p. 380.
  81. ^ “Compressed Air as a Street Car Motor”. Scientific American. 5 August 1876. p. 82.
  82. ^ “Compressed Air on Tramways”. The Star (London). 7 July 1883. p. 3.
  83. ^ “Compressed Air for Street Car Motors”. The Street Railway Journal. Vol. 2, no. 10. Chicago. August 1886. p. 384.
  84. ^ Salvacion, Manny (21 March 2015). “China Presents the World’s First Hydrogen-Fueled Tram”. Yibada News.
  85. ^ “China Develops World’s First Hydrogen-Powered Tram”. IFLScience. 24 March 2015.
  86. ^ “대전 수소트램 사업 본격화…”2028년 개통 목표 10월 첫삽”. The Korea Economic Daily. 26 August 2024.
  87. ^ Pyrgidis, Christos N. (31 October 2021). Railway Transportation Systems: Design, Construction and Operation. CRC Press. p. 139. ISBN 978-1-000-46283-8.
  88. ^ “An Introduction To Capacitors”. Facstaff.bucknell.edu. Archived from the original on 9 March 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  89. ^ Allez le Tram from Railway-Technology.com. Retrieved 15 February 2009.
  90. ^ “Dream of tram line to Słubice over” (in Polish). 29 March 2016.
  91. ^ Bickell, David (2 December 2014). “Signalling Metrolink”. Rail Engineer. No. 122.
  92. ^ Mike Taplin, Tramways and Urban Transit no. 952, April 2017, 0. 131
  93. ^ Taplin, Michael (April 2026). “New Tram Orders 2026”. Tramways and Urban Transit. 89 (1060). Light Rail Transit Association: 128–132. ISSN 1460-8324. Retrieved 6 April 2026.
  94. ^ “Human Transit”. 21 September 2012. Archived from the original on 31 March 2015.
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  96. ^ “Why are trams different from buses from Trams for Bath”. Bathtram.org. Archived from the original on 8 June 2013. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  97. ^ van der Bijl; van Oort (2014). Light Rail explained: Better public transport & more public transport. European Metropolitan Transport Authority. pp. 17–19.
  98. ^ European Conference of Ministers of Transport (1977). Scope for the Use of Certain Old-Established Urban Transport Techniques (Trams and Trolley-Buses). ECMT Round Tables. Washington, D.C.: OECD Publications and Information Center. p. 63. doi:10.1787/9789282105740-en. ISBN 978-92-821-1046-1.
  99. ^ Boquet, Yves (2017). “The renaissance of tramways and urban redevelopment in France”. Miscellanea Geographica. 21 (1): 5–18. Bibcode:2017MiscG..21….5B. doi:10.1515/mgrsd-2017-0005. S2CID 54004937.
  100. ^ “Transforming Australian Cities : Urban corridors” (PDF).
  101. ^ Jump up to:a b “Crossing tram tracks – Bicycle Network”. Bv.com.au. 14 July 2004. Archived from the original on 31 March 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  102. ^ “Novel highly durable rubber safety profiles for rail-based traffic systems such as tram lines which make cycling safer in inner cities by closing gaps to prevent bike accidents”. Enterprise Europe Network. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
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  104. ^ Andrew Heasley (29 April 2004). “Slippery issue on track”. The Sydney Morning Herald.drive.com.au. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  105. ^ McCaleb 1994, p. 67 Besides recounting statistics and anecdotes, this source also reprints a San Jose Mercury News cartoon of one such accident, in which a bemused tow truck driver quips, “Dang! Rod Diridon was right! The trolley does reduce the number of vehicles on the road!”
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  109. ^ Claydon, Geoffry (August 2017). “80 Years of the LRTA”. Tramways and Urban Transit. No. 956. p. 301.
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3.2 概述文献和来源文献 | General and cited references

3.3 延伸阅读 | Further reading

  • Arrivetz, Jean. 1956. Les Tramways Français (No ISBN). Lyon: Editions Omni-Presse.
  • Bett, W. C., and J. C. Gillam. 1962. Great British Tramway Networks (4th Edition), ISBN 0-900433-03-5. London: Light Railway Transport League.
  • Bigon, Liora. 2007, “Tracking Ethno-Cultural Differences: The Lagos Steam Tramway (1902–1933)” Journal of Historical Geography, 33, 3
  • Brimson, Samuel. 1983. The Tramways of Australia (ISBN 0-949825-01-8). Sydney: Dreamweaver Books.
  • Buckley, R. J. 1984. Tramways and Light Railways of Switzerland and Austria (ISBN 0-900433-96-5). Milton Keynes, UK: Light Rail Transit Association.
  • Chandler, Allison. 1963. Trolley Through the Countryside (No ISBN). Denver: Sage Books.
  • Cheape, Charles W. Moving the masses: urban public transit in New York, Boston, and Philadelphia, 1880–1912 (Harvard University Press, 1980)
  • Davies, W. K. J. 1986. 100 years of the Belgian vicinal: SNCV/NMVB, 1885–1985: a century of secondary rail transport in Belgium (ISBN 0-900433-97-3). Broxbourne, UK: Light Rail Transit Association.
  • Dyer, Peter, and Peter Hodge. 1988. Cane Train: The Sugar-Cane Railways of Fiji (ISBN 0-908573-50-2). Wellington: New Zealand Railway and Locomotive Society Inc.
  • Gragt, Frits van der. 1968. Europe’s Greatest Tramway Network (No ISBN). Leiden, Netherlands: E.J. Brill.
  • Hilton, George W. 1997. The Cable Car in America: A New Treatise upon Cable or Rope Traction As Applied to the Working of Street and Other Railways, Revised Edition (ISBN 0-8047-3051-2). Stanford (CA), US: Stanford University Press.
  • Howarth, W. Des. 1971. Tramway Systems of Southern Africa (No ISBN). Johannesburg: published by the author.
  • King, B. R., and J. H. Price. 1995. The Tramways of Portugal (4th Edition) (ISBN 0-948106-19-0). London: Light Rail Transit Association.
  • McKay, John P. Tramways and Trolleys: The Rise of Urban Mass Transport in Europe (1976)
  • Middleton, William D. 1967. The Time of the Trolley (ISBN 0-89024-013-2). Milwaukee (WI), US: Kalmbach Publishing.
  • Morrison, Allen. 1989. “The Tramways of Brazil: A 130-Year Survey” (ISBN 0-9622348-1-8). New York: Bonde Press.
  • Morrison, Allen. 1992. The Tramways of Chile: 1858–1978 (ISBN 0-9622348-2-6). New York: Bonde Press.
  • Morrison, Allen. 1996. Latin America by Streetcar: A Pictorial Survey of Urban Rail Transport South of the U.S.A. (ISBN 0-9622348-3-4). New York: Bonde Press.
  • Pabst, Martin. 1989. Tram & Trolley in Africa (ISBN 3-88490-152-4). Krefeld: Röhr Verlag GMBH.
  • Peschkes, Robert. World Gazetteer of Tram, Trolleybus, and Rapid Transit Systems.
  • Part One, Latin America (ISBN1-898319-02-2). 1980. Exeter, UK: Quail Map Company.Part Two, Asia+USSR / Africa / Australia (ISBN0-948619-00-7). 1987. London: Rapid Transit Publications.Part Three, Europe (ISBN0-948619-01-5). 1993. London: Rapid Transit Publications.Part Four, North America (ISBN0-948619-06-6). 1998. London: Rapid Transit Publications.
  • City of Portland; TriMet; Portland Streetcar, Inc. (January 2015). “History of Streetcar Manufacturing in the U.S.”. TriMet Streetcar Prototype (PDF). Federal Transit Administration. pp. 30–45.
  • Röhr, Gustav. 1986. Schmalspurparadies Schweiz, Band 1: Berner Oberland, Jura, Westschweiz, Genfer See, Wallis (ISBN 3-921679-38-9). Aachen: Schweers + Wall.
  • Rowsome, Frank; Stephan McGuire, tech. ed. (1956). A Trolley Car Treasury: A Century of American Streetcars—Horsecars, Cable Cars, Interurbans, and Trolleys. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Schweers, Hans. 1988. Schmalspurparadies Schweiz, Band 2: Nordostschweiz, Mittelland, Zentralschweiz, Graubünden, Tessin (ISBN 3-921679-46-X). Aachen: Schweers + Wall.
  • Stewart, Graham. 1985. When Trams Were Trumps in New Zealand (OCLC 12723934). Wellington: Grantham House Publishing.
  • Stewart, Graham. 1993 The End of the Penny Section (revised and enlarged edition) (ISBN 1-86934-037-X). Wellington: Grantham House Publishing.
  • Straßenbahnatlas ehem. Sowjetunion / Tramway Atlas of the former USSR (ISBN 3-926524-15-4). 1996. Berlin: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Blickpunkt Straßenbahn, in conjunction with Light Rail Transit Association, London.
  • Straßenbahnatlas Rumänien (compiled by Andreas Günter, Sergei Tarknov and Christian Blank; ISBN 3-926524-23-5). 2004. Berlin: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Blickpunkt Straßenbahn.
  • Tramway & Light Railway Atlas: Germany 1996 (ISBN 0-948106-18-2). 1995. Berlin: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Blickpunkt Straßenbahn, in conjunction with Light Rail Transit Association, London.
  • Turner, Kevin. 1996. The Directory of British Tramways: Every Passenger-Carrying Tramway, Past and Present (ISBN 1-85260-549-9). Somerset, UK: Haynes.
  • Waller, Michael H., and Peter Walker. 1992. British & Irish Tramway Systems since 1945 (ISBN 0-7110-1989-4). Shepperton (Surrey), UK: Ian Allan Ltd.

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