Neom（沙特未来城） – 中英文词条融合

By cathayvista人类聚落, 区域：中东

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本文涉及的共享协议

封面图片：沙特未来城官方图章
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1. 正文

1.1 主体部分（发布于知乎专栏）

请点击这里访问

1.2 不便发布的部分

正文 5. Controversies 争议

5.1 Evictions and executions 驱离与处决

It is estimated that 20,000 people will be forced to relocate to accommodate the planned city.[57] The Howeitat tribe, who are native to the area, say that they are not opposed to the city itself, but rather the forced expulsion and subsequent violence.[58]
参考译文：据估计，将有2万人被迫搬迁以适应该计划城市的建设。霍维塔特部落是当地土著部落，他们表示并不反对城市本身，而是反对被迫驱逐和随之而来的暴力。

On 13 April 2020, activist Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti posted videos online announcing that Saudi security forces were trying to evict him and other members of the Howeitat tribe from their historical homeland to make way for the development of Neom.[11][58] In the videos, Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti said that he would defy the eviction orders, although he expected that Saudi authorities would plant weapons in his house to incriminate him.[59] He was later shot and killed by Saudi security forces, who claimed he had opened fire on them.[59] London-based human rights activist and fellow Howeitat tribe member Alya Alhwaiti disputed this version of events, stating that al-Huwaiti did not own firearms.[58] al-Huwaiti’s funeral was held near the village of al-Khoraibah and was well attended despite the presence of Saudi security forces.[58] Eight cousins of al-Huwaiti have been arrested for protesting against the eviction order, but Alhwaiti has said that she and other human rights activists hoped to challenge the arrests.[58]
参考译文：2020年4月13日，活动家阿卜杜勒·拉希姆·阿尔·胡瓦伊蒂在网上发布视频，宣布沙特安全部队试图驱逐他和其他豪维塔特部落成员离开他们的历史家园，为尼奥姆的开发让路[11][58]。在视频中，阿卜杜勒·拉希姆·阿尔·胡瓦伊蒂表示他将违抗驱逐令，尽管他预料沙特当局会在他的房子里种下武器以指控他[59]。后来，他被沙特安全部队击毙，他们声称他向他们开火[59]。伦敦的人权活动家、豪维塔特部落成员阿利娅·阿尔胡瓦伊蒂对这一事件的版本提出质疑，称阿尔·胡瓦伊蒂没有枪支[58]。阿尔·胡瓦伊蒂的葬礼在阿尔科赖巴村附近举行，尽管沙特安全部队在场，但葬礼仍然有很多人参加[58]。阿尔·胡瓦伊蒂的八个表亲因抗议驱逐令被逮捕，但阿尔胡瓦伊蒂表示她和其他人权活动家希望对这些逮捕提出挑战[58]。

In June 2020, Mohammed bin Salman signed a $1.7 million contract with American public-relations and lobbying firm Ruder Finn to counter the criticism and controversies involving the Neom city project.[60]
参考译文：2020年6月，穆罕默德·本·萨勒曼与美国公关和游说公司鲁德芬签署了一份价值170万美元的合同，旨在应对涉及新纳欧姆城项目的批评和争议。

In November 2020, British lawyers representing the Howeitat tribe urged Dominic Raab to boycott the G20 Summit in Saudi Arabia, arguing that the United Kingdom has a moral imperative to take a stand in defense of the tribe and confront Saudi Arabia over its human-rights issues.[61]
参考译文：2020年11月，代表豪伊塔特部落的英国律师敦促多米尼克·拉布抵制在沙特阿拉伯举行的二十国集团峰会，他们认为英国有道义责任站出来捍卫这个部落，并对沙特阿拉伯的人权问题进行追责。

In October 2022, the Specialized Criminal Court of Saudi Arabia sentenced three members of the Howeitat tribe to death for resisting displacement.[62] The three men were arrested in 2020 for opposing the eviction of their tribe for the project. One of the condemned men, Shadli al-Howeiti, was the brother of Abdul Rahim al-Howeiti.[63]
参考译文：2022年10月，沙特阿拉伯的特别刑事法庭以抵抗被迫迁移为由，判处豪维塔部落的三名成员死刑[62]。这三名男子于2020年被逮捕，因反对他们部落的驱逐项目而被捕。被判死刑的其中一人沙德利·豪伊蒂是阿卜杜勒·拉希姆·豪伊蒂的兄弟[63]。

5.2 2029 Asian Winter Games 2029年亚洲冬季运动会

In October 2022, Neom was announced as the host of the 2029 Asian Winter Games, a decision that received criticism concerning its adverse environmental impact.[56] Amidst increasing global-warming concerns, the project raised multiple issues ranging from the expected high temperatures in the desert land, the energy impact and detour of local water resources to the construction of artificial ski slopes from scratch. Raphael Le Magoariec, a political scientist and specialist in the geopolitics of sports in the Persian Gulf region said that Riyadh “mainly wants to promote its city of the future.”[56] International Ski and Snowboard Federation secretary general Michel Vion expressed surprise at the decision of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) and Olympic downhill silver medalist Johan Clarey said, “it is awful for our sport.”[56]
参考译文：2022年10月，内奥姆（Neom）被宣布为2029年亚洲冬季运动会的主办地，这一决定因其对环境的不利影响而受到批评。在全球变暖问题日益引起关注的背景下，该项目引发了多个问题，包括预计沙漠地区的高温、能源影响和对当地水资源的偏离以及从零开始建造人工滑雪坡的问题。政治学家、波斯湾地区体育地缘政治专家拉斐尔·勒·马哥里克表示，利雅得“主要是想推广其未来之城”。国际滑雪与滑雪板联合会秘书长米歇尔·维翁对亚洲奥林匹克理事会（OCA）的决定表示惊讶，奥运会高山滑雪银牌得主约翰·克莱里说：“这对我们的运动来说太糟糕了。”

5.3 Abusive work culture 侮辱性的工作文化

In 2022, former employees reported NEOM project CEO Nadhmi Al-Nasr for promoting a management culture that “belittled expatriates, made unrealistic demands, and neglected discrimination in the workplace.”[11][64] The resignation letter of a former chief executive, Andrew Wirth, accused Nasr’s leadership of being “consistently inclusive of disparagement and inappropriately dismissive and demeaning outbursts.”[64] Nasr, appointed by Prince Mohammed with the responsibility to lead NEOM, was accused in his tenure of berating and scaring his employees, as confirmed by present and former staff members.[65] Two gigaprojects under the Saudi Vision 2030 were merged in 2022, while the remaining three projects lost their expatriate chief executives and turned over the senior management.[64]
参考译文：在2022年，前员工举报NEOM项目首席执行官Nadhmi Al-Nasr在推动一种“贬低外籍员工、提出不切实际要求和忽视工作场所歧视”的管理文化方面存在问题[11][64]。前首席执行官安德鲁·维尔斯的辞职信指责Nasr的领导能力“一贯包括贬低和不恰当的轻视和侮辱性爆发”[64]。Nasr作为由穆罕默德王子任命负责领导NEOM的人，被指责在任期内威胁和恐吓员工，这一点得到了现任和前任员工的证实[65]。2022年，沙特2030年愿景下的两个巨型项目合并，而其余三个项目失去了外籍首席执行官并更换了高级管理层[64]。

The Saudi government refused to comment, while Neom declined to make Nasr available for answers or interview requests. However, Neom issued a written statement in defense of Nasr and the management culture at the megaproject, asserting that Neom represented “a scale and ambition the world has never seen before” and that it continued to retain and attract more talent because “employees are passionate about what they do and deeply committed to living up to, and delivering on, the Neom vision.”[66] Anthony Harris, a former director of innovation at Neom’s education team, accused the crown prince Mohammed bin Salman of fostering a faulty workplace culture since “Nadhmi takes his cue from his boss, and everyone else at Neom takes their cue from Nadhmi.”[64] At one company meeting, Nasr said on record, “I drive everybody like a slave, when they drop down dead, I celebrate. That’s how I do my projects.”[64] He also threatened to replace employees stuck in other countries during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in 2020, which included the former director of branding and marketing.[64]
参考译文：沙特政府拒绝置评，而Neom则拒绝让纳斯尔回应或接受采访请求。然而，Neom发表了一份书面声明，为纳斯尔和这个超级项目的管理文化进行了辩护，声称Neom代表着“世界前所未见的规模和雄心”，并且它继续保留并吸引更多的人才，因为“员工对他们所做的事情充满热情，并深深地致力于实现和实现Neom的愿景。”[66] Neom教育团队的前创新总监安东尼·哈里斯指责王储穆罕默德·本·萨勒曼在工作场所文化方面存在问题，因为“纳德米从他的老板那里得到指示，而Neom的其他人则从纳德米那里得到指示。”[64] 在一次公司会议上，纳斯尔在记录中表示：“我把每个人都当奴隶驱使，当他们死掉时，我会庆祝。这就是我做项目的方式。”[64] 他还威胁要替换在2020年COVID-19大流行期间被困在其他国家的员工，其中包括前品牌和营销总监。[64]

In late 2018, Neom’s progress suffered after the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi.[67] Advisers to Neom, including Daniel L. Doctoroff[68] and architect Norman Foster, were reported to have distanced themselves from the project and the “toxic” Saudi crown prince.[69]
参考译文：2018年底，Neom的进展在贾迈勒·卡舒吉（Jamal Khashoggi）被暗杀后受到了打击。据报道，Neom的顾问，包括丹尼尔·L·多克托罗夫（Daniel L. Doctoroff）和建筑师诺曼·福斯特（Norman Foster），与这个项目以及”有毒”的沙特王储保持了距离。

5.4 Surveillance 监视

The Line, a smart city housed within Neom to be designed with the help of artificial intelligence, announced plans to use data as a currency to manage and provide facilities such as power, waste, water, healthcare, transport and security.[70] It was said that data would also be collected from the smartphones of the residents, their homes, facial recognition cameras and multiple other sensors. According to Joseph Bradley, the chief executive of Neom Tech & Digital Co., the data sweep would help developers feed the collected information to the city for further predicting and customizing every user’s needs.[70]
参考译文：线形城市（The Line）是一个智能城市，位于Neom内，将借助人工智能的帮助进行设计。该项目计划利用数据作为一种货币，用于管理和提供电力、废物处理、水资源、医疗保健、交通和安全等设施。据称，数据还将从居民的智能手机、家庭、人脸识别摄像头和多个其他传感器中收集。据Neom Tech & Digital Co.首席执行官Joseph Bradley表示，数据收集将帮助开发人员将收集到的信息输入到城市中，进一步预测和定制每个用户的需求。

However, Saudi Arabia’s poor human-rights record[71] and use of espionage[72] and surveillance technology for spying on its citizens[73] emerged as a roadblock, according to digital rights experts. Vincent Mosco, a researcher into the social impacts of technology, stated that “the surveillance concerns are justified” while further adding that “it is, in effect, a surveillance city.”[70]
参考译文：然而，根据数字权利专家的说法，沙特阿拉伯的糟糕的人权记录以及利用间谍和监视技术对其公民进行监视的做法成为了阻碍。研究科技社会影响的研究员文森特·莫斯科表示，“对监视的担忧是有理由的”，并进一步补充道，“实际上，这是一个监控城市。”

译者注 – 提问chatGPT：digital rights experts是什么样的人？为什么说它们是digital的？

数字权利专家（digital rights experts）是在数字领域具有专业知识和经验的人士。他们通常是法律、政策、技术或学术领域的专家，专注于研究和解决与数字权利相关的问题。
这些专家被称为“digital”的原因是因为他们的工作和研究集中在数字领域。数字技术的快速发展和广泛应用，使得人们在数字环境中产生了大量的数据和信息，并带来了新的权利和责任。数字权利专家致力于保护和维护人们在数字领域中的权利，例如隐私权、言论自由、知识产权等。
数字权利专家需要了解数字技术的工作原理、法律和政策框架，以及数字社会的变化和挑战。他们可能会参与制定和评估数字权利相关的法律、政策和标准，提供咨询和建议，促进公众意识和教育，以及推动数字权利的保护和推进。

The Saudi Ministry of Communications and Information Technology did not respond to digital rights experts and researchers’ requests for comments.[70]
参考译文：沙特通信与信息技术部门未对数字权利专家和研究人员的请求作出回应。[70]

5.5 Other criticisms 其他批评

Mohammed bin Salman’s vision for the city incorporates some technologies that do not currently exist, such as flying cars, robot maids, dinosaur robots and a giant artificial moon.[74]
参考译文：穆罕默德·本·萨勒曼对这座城市的愿景包括一些目前尚不存在的技术，如飞行汽车、机器人女仆、恐龙机器人和一个巨大的人造月亮。

Some of the illustrations for the Neom project were taken from the Gardens by the Bay in Singapore, leaving commentators to note that “using an actual shot of Singapore to depict an upcoming construction project in Saudi Arabia is an odd choice.”[75][76]
参考译文：一些评论家指出，Neom项目的一些插图取自新加坡滨海湾花园，他们认为“在描绘沙特阿拉伯即将进行的建设项目时使用新加坡的实际照片是一个奇怪的选择。”[75][76]

6. 参见（维基百科相关词条）

英文词条：

7. 引用文献 References

7.1 英文词条引用列表

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7.2 中文词条引用列表

  1. ·  “نيوم”.. تفاصيل أضخم مشروع سعودي ممتد بين 3 دول سكاي نيوز عربية, نشر في 24 أكتوبر 2017 ودخل في 24 أكتوبر 2017.
  2. ·  Saudi Arabia to Begin Building Homes in $500 Billion Futuristic City Neom. Bloomberg.com. 2019-01-16 [2020-03-10]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-04）. 
  3. ·  Bostock, Bill. Everything we know about Neom, a ‘mega-city’ project in Saudi Arabia with plans for flying cars and robot dinosaurs. Business Insider. [2020-03-10]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-25）. 
  4. ·  UPDATE 1-Saudi NEOM set up as joint stock company run by state fund…. Reuters. 2019-01-29 [2019-01-29]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-29） （英语）. 
  5. ·  Saudi Arabia announces creation of Neom Company. Arab News. 2019-01-29 [2019-01-29]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-25） （英语）. 
  6. ·  Submerged floating bridge wins ‘Dream NEOM’ contest in KSA. Arab News. 2019-04-13 [2019-04-14]. （原始内容存档于2019-04-13） （英语）.

8. 外部链接 External Links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Neom.
维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：新未来城

维基百科原页面信息（英文词条）

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