空中客车A330 – 中英文词条融合

By cathayvista区域：欧洲西部（不含独联体国家）, 航空, 航空器

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本文涉及的共享协议

封面图片：Turkish Airlines, Airbus A330-300 TC-JNL NRT
参考译文：土耳其航空公司，空客A330-300 TC-JNL NRT
图片作者：Masakatsu Ukon – 点击这里访问原图链接 此图片遵循CC BY-SA 2.0协议

1. 正文

1.1 主体部分（发布于知乎专栏）

第一部分（概述、发展历程、设计、运营历史）请点击这里访问

第二部分（子型号、运营者、事故、在展飞机、性能规格）请点击这里访问

1.2 不便外发的部分段落

正文6. 意外和故障 | Accidents and Incidents

For a more comprehensive list, see List of accidents and incidents involving the Airbus A330.
参考译文：有关更全面的列表，请参见涉及空客A330的事故和事件列表。

As of December 2022, the Airbus A330 has been involved in 45 aviation accidents and incidents, including 14 hull-losses (10 due to flight related accidents and 4 due to criminal related accidents), for a total of 339 fatalities.[179][180]
参考译文：截至2022年12月，空客A330已涉及45起航空事故和事件，包括14起机身损失（其中10起是由于飞行相关事故，4起是由于与犯罪有关），共造成339人死亡。[179][180]

6.1 意外 | Accidents

The A330’s first fatal accident occurred on 30 June 1994 near Toulouse on a test flight when an Airbus-owned A330-300 crashed while simulating an engine failure on climbout, killing all seven on board.[39] Airbus subsequently advised A330 operators to disconnect the autopilot and limit pitch attitude in the event of an engine failure at low speed.[181]
参考译文：1994年6月30日，一架属于空客公司的A330-300在图卢兹附近进行测试飞行时发生致命事故。当时飞机正在模拟发动机故障爬升，导致所有七名机上人员丧生。[39]随后，空客建议A330运营商在低速发动机故障时断开自动驾驶并限制俯仰姿态。[181]

此图片遵循CC BY-SA 3.0 br协议

The vertical stabilizer recovered from Air France Flight 447
参考译文：从法航447航班上回收的垂直稳定器

图片来源：Foto: Roberto Maltchik Repórter da TV Brasil – 点击这里访问原图链接

The second fatal and deadliest accident, and first while in commercial service, occurred on 1 June 2009 when Air France Flight 447, an A330-200 en route from Rio de Janeiro to Paris with 228 people on board, crashed in the Atlantic Ocean 640–800 km (350–430 nmi; 400–500 mi) northeast of the islands of Fernando de Noronha,[182] with no survivors. Malfunctioning pitot tubes provided an early focus for the investigation,[183] as the aircraft involved had Thales-built “–AA” models known to indicate faulty airspeed data during icing conditions.[184] In July 2009, Airbus advised A330 and A340 operators to replace Thales pitots with equivalents manufactured by Goodrich.[184] Investigators later determined that the inadequate response of the pilots to both a loss of airspeed data from malfunctioning pitot tubes and subsequent autopilot disengagement followed by incorrect reaction by the pilot flying resulted in Flight 447 entering into an aerodynamic stall.[185]
参考译文：2009年6月1日，法航447航班发生了第二起致命事故，也是商业服务中的第一起。这架由里约热内卢飞往巴黎的A330-200客机上载有228人，在费尔南多-迪诺罗尼亚群岛东北部640-800公里（350-430海里；400-500英里）的大西洋坠毁，机上无人生还。故障的皮托管是调查的早期重点，因为该飞机使用的泰利斯制造的“-AA”型号已知在结冰条件下会显示错误的空速数据。2009年7月，空中客车建议A330和A340运营商将泰利斯皮托替换为古德里奇制造的同类产品。调查人员后来确定，飞行员对故障皮托管失去的空速数据和随后的自动驾驶断开的反应不足，以及副驾驶的错误反应导致447航班进入气动失速状态。

On 12 May 2010, Afriqiyah Airways Flight 771, an A330-200, crashed on approach to Tripoli International Airport, Libya, on a flight from O. R. Tambo International Airport, Johannesburg, South Africa. Of the 104 people on board, all but one nine-year-old Dutch child died.[186] The cause of the crash was determined to be pilot error.[187]
参考译文：2010年5月12日，非洲航空公司771航班（A330-200）在从南非约翰内斯堡奥利弗·雷金纳德·坦博国际机场飞往利比亚的黎波里国际机场时坠毁。机上共有104人，除一名9岁的荷兰儿童外全部遇难。[186]事故原因被确定为飞行员失误。[187]

On 23 October 2022, Korean Air Flight 631, an Airbus A330-300 registration HL7525, operating from Seoul to Cebu, crash landed and overshot the runway while landing in poor weather at night.[188]
参考译文：2014年6月31日，一架从首尔飞往宿务的空中客车A330-300（注册号HL7525）在恶劣天气下夜间降落时坠毁并冲出跑道。[188]

6.2 故障 | Incidents
6.2.1 引擎相关 | Engine related

Several in-flight shutdowns of Trent 700–powered A330-300s have occurred. On 11 November 1996, engine failure on a Cathay Pacific flight forced it back to Ho Chi Minh City.[189] On 17 April 1997, Cathay Pacific’s Dragonair subsidiary experienced an engine shutdown on an A330, caused by carbon clogging the oil filter. As a result, Cathay Pacific self-suspended its 120-minute ETOPS clearance. Another engine failure occurred on 6 May during climbout with a Cathay Pacific A330, due to a bearing failure in a Hispano-Suiza-built gearbox. Three days later, a Cathay Pacific A330 on climbout during a Bangkok–Hong Kong flight experienced an oil pressure drop and a resultant engine spool down, forcing a return to Bangkok. The cause was traced to metal contamination in the engine’s master chip.[190] Following a fifth engine failure on 23 May, Cathay Pacific and Dragonair voluntarily grounded their A330 fleets for two weeks, causing major disruption as Cathay’s eleven A330s made up fifteen per cent of its passenger capacity.[191] Rolls-Royce and Hispano-Suiza developed a redesigned lubrication system to fix the problem.[190]
参考译文：在1996年11月11日，一架由Trent 700引擎驱动的国泰航空A330-300飞机因引擎故障被迫返回胡志明市。[189] 1997年4月17日，国泰航空旗下的港龙航空子公司的一架A330飞机因碳堵塞机油滤清器而导致引擎关闭。因此，国泰航空自行暂停了其120分钟双发延程运行（ETOPS）的许可。另一起引擎故障发生在5月6日，当时一架国泰航空的A330飞机在爬升过程中，由于Hispano-Suiza制造的齿轮箱中的轴承故障而发生故障。三天后，一架国泰航空的A330飞机在曼谷至香港的航班中爬升时出现油压下降，导致引擎减速，被迫返回曼谷。原因是发动机主芯片中的金属污染。[190] 在5月23日发生了第五次引擎故障后，国泰航空和港龙航空自愿停飞其A330机队两周，导致重大中断，因为国泰的11架A330飞机占据了其客运能力的15％。[191] 罗尔斯·罗伊斯和Hispano-Suiza开发了一种重新设计的润滑系统来解决这个问题。[190]

Other engines have issues too: on 14 July 2015, an Asiana PW4000 was shut down in flight,[192] on 15 January 2017, an Air Europa CF6 was shut down in flight,[193] on 28 December 2017, an Aer Lingus CF6 was shut down in flight,[194] on 18 January 2018, a Malaysia Airlines PW4000 was shut down in flight,[195] on 13 February 2018, a Delta Air Lines PW4000 caught fire,[196] on April 18, 2018, another Delta Air Lines PW4000 caught fire,[197] on 29 May 2018, a Delta Air Lines PW4000 had engine vibrations,[198] on 1 June 2018, a Qantas CF6 was shut down in flight,[199] on 1 October 2018, a China Airlines CF6 had an engine problem,[200] and on 5 November 2018, a Brussels Airlines PW4000 was shut down in flight.[201]
参考译文：其他引擎也存在一些问题：2015年7月14日，一架韩亚航空PW4000在飞行中关闭；[192] 2017年1月15日，一架欧罗巴航空CF6在飞行中关闭；[193] 2017年12月28日，一架爱尔兰航空CF6在飞行中关闭；[194] 2018年1月18日，一架马来西亚航空PW4000在飞行中关闭；[195] 2018年2月13日，一架达美航空PW4000起火；[196] 2018年4月18日，另一架达美航空PW4000起火；[197] 2018年5月29日，一架达美航空PW4000出现发动机振动；[198] 2018年6月1日，一架澳航CF6在飞行中关闭；[199] 2018年10月1日，一架中华航空CF6出现发动机问题；[200] 以及2018年11月5日，一架布鲁塞尔航空PW4000在飞行中关闭。[201]

6.2.2 飞行数据相关 | Flight data related

In 2008, Air Caraïbes reported two incidents of pitot tube icing malfunctions on its A330s.[202]
参考译文：2008年，航空Caraïbes报告了两起a330上的皮托管结冰故障事件。[202]

On 7 October 2008, Qantas Flight 72, an A330-300, suffered a rapid loss of altitude in two sudden uncommanded pitch-down manoeuvres while 150 km (81 nmi; 93 mi) from the RAAF Learmonth air base in northwestern Australia. After declaring an emergency, the crew landed the aircraft safely at Learmonth.[203] It was later determined that the incident, which caused 106 injuries, 14 of them serious, was the result of a design flaw of the plane’s Air Data Inertial Reference Unit and a limitation of the aircraft’s flight computer software.[204]
参考译文：2008年10月7日，澳洲航空（Qantas）的一架A2008年10月7日，澳洲航空（Qantas）的一架A330-300型客机在距离澳大利亚西北部的莱尔蒙特空军基地（RAAF Learmonth air base）150公里（81海里；93英里）处突然发生两次非指令性的俯冲动作，导致飞机迅速下降。机组人员宣布紧急情况后，成功将飞机降落在莱尔蒙特。这次事件共造成106人受伤，其中14人重伤。后来的调查发现，这是由于飞机的空气数据惯性基准单元设计缺陷和飞行计算机软件的限制所导致的。

6.2.3 燃油系统相关 | Fuel system related

On 24 August 2001, Air Transat Flight 236, an A330-200, developed a fuel leak over the Atlantic Ocean due to an incorrectly installed hydraulic part and was forced to glide for over 15 minutes to an emergency landing in the Azores.[205]
参考译文：2001年8月24日，加拿大越洋航空公司的一架A3302001年8月24日，加拿大越洋航空公司的一架A330 -200客机因液压部件安装不当而在大西洋上空出现燃油泄漏，被迫滑翔15分钟以上紧急降落在亚速尔群岛。

On 13 April 2010, Cathay Pacific Flight 780 from Surabaya Juanda International Airport to Hong Kong landed safely after contaminated fuel caused both engines to fail. Fifty-seven passengers were injured. Its two pilots received the Polaris Award from the International Federation of Air Line Pilots’ Associations for their heroism and airmanship.[206]
参考译文：2010年4月13日，国泰航空从泗水朱安达国际机场飞往香港的780航班在燃油污染导致两个引擎失灵后安全着陆。57名乘客受伤。两名飞行员因其英勇和高超的飞行技术而获得国际航空公司飞行员协会联合会颁发的北极星奖 。

6.2.4 药剂和火相关 | Chemical and fire related

On 15 March 2000, a Malaysia Airlines A330-300 suffered structural damage due to leaking oxalyl chloride, a corrosive chemical substance that had been improperly labeled before shipping. The aircraft was written off.[207]
参考译文：2000年3月15日，一架马来西亚航空公司的A330-300客机因泄漏乙二酰氯而遭受结构损坏。这种腐蚀性化学物质在运输前未被正确标记。该飞机被报废。[207]

On 27 August 2019, an Air China A330-300 at Beijing Capital International Airport caught fire while at the gate. The passengers and crew were safely evacuated. The airplane was likely damaged beyond repair.[208]
参考译文：2019年8月27日，一架国航A330-300飞机在北京首都国际机场登机口起火。乘客和机组人员安全撤离。该飞机很可能损坏无法修复。[208]

6.2.5 劫机和战争相关 | Hijackings and war related

The two hijackings involving the A330 have resulted in one fatality,[179] namely the hijacker of Philippine Airlines Flight 812 on 25 May 2000, who jumped out of the aircraft to his death.[209] The hijacking of Sabena Flight 689 on 13 October 2000 ended with no casualties when Spanish police took control of the aircraft.[210] On 24 July 2001, two unoccupied SriLankan Airlines A330s were destroyed amid an attack on Bandaranaike International Airport, in Colombo, Sri Lanka, by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.[211][212] On 25 December 2009, passengers and crew subdued a man who attempted to detonate explosives in his underwear on an A330-300 operating Northwest Airlines Flight 253.[213][214]
参考译文：两起涉及A330的劫机事件导致了一人死亡，即2000年5月25日菲律宾航空公司812航班的劫机者跳机身亡。[179] 2000年10月13日，萨比娜航空公司689航班被劫持，最终西班牙警方控制了飞机，没有人员伤亡。[210] 2001年7月24日，斯里兰卡泰米尔伊拉姆猛虎解放组织袭击了科伦坡班达拉奈克国际机场，两架未搭载乘客的斯里兰卡航空公司A330飞机被摧毁。[211][212] 2009年12月25日，乘客和机组人员制服了一名男子，该男子试图在他的内衣中引爆炸药，这是一架执飞西北航空253航班的A330-300飞机上发生的事件。[213][214]

On 15 July 2014, a Libyan Airlines A330 was severely damaged in the fighting in Libya and sustained bullet holes in the fuselage. On 20 July 2014, two Afriqiyah Airways Airbus A330s were hit by an RPG at Tripoli International Airport. One was completely destroyed in the ensuing fire.[215][216]
参考译文：2014年7月15日，一架利比亚航空公司的A330客机在利比亚的战斗中严重受损，机身被子弹击中。2014年7月20日，两架非洲航空公司的空客A330客机在的黎波里国际机场被一枚火箭推进榴弹击中。其中一架在随后的火灾中完全摧毁。[215][216]

On 15 April 2023, a Saudia A330 registered HZ-AQ30 was destroyed in Sudan bombings during an ongoing military coup.[217]
参考译文：在2023年4月15日，一架登记为HZ-AQ30的沙特A330在苏丹正在进行的军事政变中被炸毁。[217]

2. 参见（维基百科的相关词条）

Related development（相关开发项目）

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era（相近功能、认证和年代的机型）

Related lists（相关列表）

3. 参考资料

3.1 中文词条引用列表

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3.3 英文词条来源文献（Bibliography）

4. 延伸阅读 Further Reading

·  Jackson, Paul, ed. (2008). Jane’s All the World’s Aircraft 2008–2009. Coulsdon, Surrey, UK: Jane’s Information Group, 2008. ISBN 978-0-7106-2837-4.

·  Recent developments with Airbus: ninth report of session 2006–07, Vol. 2: Oral and written evidence. London, UK: The Stationery Office (Parliament: House of Commons: Trade and Industry Committee), 2007. 25 July 2007. ISBN 978-0-215-03551-6.

·  Reed, Arthur (1991). Airbus: Europe’s High Flyer. Zürich, Switzerland: Norden Publishing House, 1992. ISBN 978-3-907150-10-8.

5. 外部链接

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Airbus A330 (category)
参考译文：维基共享资源的媒体涉及:空客A330(类别)

Official website（官方网站）

“A330 Family overview: Aircraft design, Systems, Cabin, Freighter, Maintenance, Upgrades & retrofits”. FAST — Flight Airworthiness Support Technology — technical magazine. Airbus. October 2015. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017.

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