载旗航空公司 – 中英文词条融合

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1. 正文

1.1 文字部分：发布于知乎专栏

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1.2 表格部分：载旗航空公司列表

（1）表1 中文词条：政府指定和载旗情况

国家／地区	航空公司	政府指定	旗帜或标志背负	政府持股比例
阿富汗	阿里亚纳阿富汗航空	是	是	多数
阿尔巴尼亚	阿尔巴尼亚航空	是	是	少数 (10%)
阿尔及利亚	阿尔及利亚航空	是	是	全部
安哥拉	TAAG安哥拉航空	是	是	全部
安提瓜和巴布达	背风群岛航空	是	否	多数
阿根廷	阿根廷航空	是	是	少数 (5%)
亚美尼亚	亚美尼亚航空 (1996年)	是	是	无
澳大利亚	澳大利亚航空	是	是	无
奥地利	奥地利航空	是	是	少数 (42.75%)
阿塞拜疆	阿塞拜疆航空	是	是	全部
巴哈马	巴哈马航空	是	是	全部
巴林	海湾航空	是	是	合资
孟加拉国	孟加拉航空	是	是	全部
巴巴多斯	背风群岛航空	否	否	无
白俄罗斯	白俄罗斯航空	是	是	全部
比利时	布鲁塞尔航空	是	是	无
伯利兹	马雅岛屿航空 （Maya Island Air）	否	否	无
贝宁	贝宁高尔夫航空 （Benin Golf Air）	是	否	无
不丹	不丹皇家航空	是	是	全部
玻利维亚	玻利维亚航空	是	是	全部
博茨瓦纳	博茨瓦纳航空	是	否	全部
巴西	巴西南美航空	否	是	无
文莱	文莱皇家航空	是	是	全部
保加利亚	保加利亚航空	是	否	无
布基纳法索	布吉纳航空	是	否	多数
布隆迪	布隆迪航空 （Air Burundi）	是	是	全部
柬埔寨	柬埔寨吴哥航空	是	是	多数 (51%)
喀麦隆	喀麦隆航空	是
加拿大	加拿大航空	是	是	无
佛得角	佛得角航空
开曼群岛	开曼航空	是
乍得	查德航空 （Toumaï Air Tchad）
智利	智利南美航空		否	无
中华人民共和国	中国国际航空	是	是	多数
哥伦比亚	哥伦比亚航空	是	是
科摩罗	科摩罗国际航空
刚果共和国	刚果运输航空
刚果民主共和国	荷瓦波拉航空 （Hewa Bora Airways）
哥斯达黎加	哥斯达黎加航空 （Lacsa）
科特迪瓦	科特迪瓦航空
克罗地亚	克罗地亚航空	是	是
古巴	古巴航空 （Cubana de Aviación）	是	是	全部
塞浦路斯	塞浦路斯航空	是	是	多数
捷克	捷克航空	是	是	无
丹麦	北欧航空	是[note 1]	是	合资[note 1]
吉布提	吉布提红海航空 （Air Djibouti，已停业）
多米尼加	多米尼加航空 （Dominicana）
厄瓜多尔	厄瓜多尔航空（TAME）
埃及	埃及航空	是	是	多数
萨尔瓦多	中美洲航空
赤道几内亚	木棉洲际航空
厄立特里亚	厄立特里亚航空	是
爱沙尼亚	诺迪卡	是		少数
斯威士兰	斯威士兰航空	是	是	合资
埃塞俄比亚	埃塞俄比亚航空	是
法罗群岛	法罗群岛大西洋航空
斐济	斐济航空
芬兰	芬兰航空	是	是	多数
法国	法国航空	是	否	少数
法属圭亚那	圭亚那航空 （Air Guyane）	是
法属波利尼西亚	塔希提航空	是	是
加蓬	加蓬国际航空 （Air Gabon International）	是
冈比亚	冈比亚国际航空 （Air Gabon International，已停业）	是
格鲁吉亚	格鲁吉亚航空	是
德国	汉莎航空	是	是	无
加纳	加纳国际航空 （Ghana International Airlines，已停业）	是	是
	加纳航空 （Ghana Airways，已停业）	是	是
希腊	爱琴海航空（Aegean Airlines)		是
格陵兰	格陵兰航空	是	是
瓜德罗普	加勒比航空 （Air Caraïbes，主要区域航空公司）
关岛	密克罗尼西亚大陆航空 （Continental Micronesia，以关岛为枢纽的区域航空公司）
危地马拉	危地马拉航空 （Aviateca，已民营化并由中美洲航空购并）
几内亚	几内亚航空	是
几内亚比绍	几内亚比绍航空 （Safari Guine Bissau Airlines，已停业）
圭亚那	环球航空 （Universal Airlines，已停业）
海地	Tortug’ Air
洪都拉斯	中美洲航空
中国香港	国泰航空	是	否	少数（6.08%）[note 2]
冰岛	冰岛航空	是	是	无
印度	印度航空	是	是	否[note 3]
	印度人航空	是	是	否
印度尼西亚	加鲁达印尼航空	是	是	全部
伊朗	伊朗航空	是	是	全部
伊拉克	伊拉克航空	是
爱尔兰	爱尔兰航空	是	是	少数 (28%)
以色列	以色列航空	是	是	少数 (30%)
意大利	意大利航空	是	否
牙买加	牙买加航空	是	是
日本	全日空航空公司	否	是
约旦	约旦皇家航空	是	是
哈萨克斯坦	阿斯塔纳航空	是	是	多数 (51%)
肯尼亚	肯雅航空	是	是
基里巴斯	基里巴斯航空	是
朝鲜	高丽航空	是	是	全部
韩国	大韩航空	是	是	少数（6.64%）（国民年金公团）
	韩亚航空	否	是
科威特	科威特航空	是	是
吉尔吉斯斯坦	吉尔吉斯斯坦航空	是	是
老挝	老挝航空	是
拉脱维亚	波罗的海航空	是
黎巴嫩	中东航空		否
利比里亚	利比里亚航空	是
利比亚	利比亚航空	是
卢森堡	卢森堡航空	是	是
中国澳门	澳门航空			少数（21.5%）
北马其顿	马其顿航空	是
马达加斯加	马达加斯加航空	是
马拉维	马拉维航空	是
马来西亚	马来西亚航空	是	是	100%（国库控股）
马尔代夫	马尔代夫国家航空	是
马里	马里航空	是
马耳他	马耳他航空	是
马绍尔群岛	马绍尔群岛航空	是
马提尼克	加勒比航空
毛里塔尼亚	毛里塔尼亚国际航空	是
毛里求斯	毛里求斯航空	是
墨西哥	墨西哥国际航空
	墨西哥航空	是	是
密克罗尼西亚联邦	密克罗尼西亚大陆航空
摩尔多瓦	摩尔多瓦航空	是
蒙古	蒙古民用航空	是
黑山	黑山航空	是
蒙特塞拉特	蒙塞拉特飞航
摩洛哥	摩洛哥皇家航空	是
莫桑比克	莫桑比克航空	是
缅甸	缅甸国家航空	是	是	是
纳米比亚	纳米比亚航空	是
瑙鲁	瑙鲁航空	是
尼泊尔	尼泊尔航空	是
荷兰	荷兰皇家航空	是	否	无
荷属安的列斯	博奈尔快运航空
新喀里多尼亚	喀美多尼亚航空
新西兰	新西兰航空	是	是	多数
尼加拉瓜	尼加拉瓜航空（NICA）	是
尼日尔	尼日尔航空	是	是
尼日利亚	尼日利亚航空	是
挪威	北欧航空	是[note 1]	是	少数[note 1]
阿曼	阿曼航空	是	是	少数 (33%)
巴基斯坦	巴基斯坦国际航空	是	是	多数
巴勒斯坦	巴勒斯坦航空			全部
巴拿马	巴拿马航空
巴布亚新几内亚	新几内亚航空
巴拉圭	巴拉圭天马航空
帕劳	帕劳太平洋航空
秘鲁	秘鲁航空
菲律宾	菲律宾航空	是	是	合资
波兰	LOT波兰航空	是	是
葡萄牙	TAP葡萄牙航空	是	是
卡塔尔	卡塔尔航空	是	是
留尼汪	留尼汪南方航空
罗马尼亚	罗马尼亚航空	是	是	多数 (95%)
俄罗斯	俄罗斯航空	是	是	多数 (51%)
卢旺达	卢旺达航空	是
圣文森特和格林纳丁斯	Mustique Airways
萨摩亚	维珍萨摩亚航空
圣多美和普林西比	圣多美与普林西比航空
沙特阿拉伯	沙特阿拉伯航空	是		全部
塞尔维亚	塞尔维亚航空	是	是	多数 (51%)
塞舌尔	塞舌尔航空	是
塞拉利昂	塞拉利昂国际航空
新加坡	新加坡航空	是	是	多数
斯洛文尼亚	亚德里亚航空		是
所罗门群岛	所罗门航空（Solomon Airlines）	是
索马里	索马里航空	是
南非	南非航空	是	是
西班牙	西班牙国家航空	是	是	少数（5%）[5]
斯里兰卡	斯里兰卡航空	是	是
苏丹	苏丹航空	是
苏里南	苏里南航空	是
瑞典	北欧航空	是[note 1]	是	合资[note 1]
瑞士	瑞士航空（2002年破产前）	是	是	少数
	瑞士国际航空（2002年后）	是	是	否
叙利亚	叙利亚阿拉伯航空	是	是	全部
特克斯和凯科斯群岛	加勒比岛际航空	是
多哥	多哥航空	是
泰国	泰国国际航空	是	是	多数（53%）
塔吉克斯坦	塔吉克斯坦航空	是
土库曼斯坦	土库曼斯坦航空	是	是
汤加	Peau Vava’u
特立尼达和多巴哥	加勒比航空	是	是
突尼斯	突尼斯航空	是	是
土耳其	土耳其航空	是	是	多数
中国台湾地区	中华航空	是	是[note 4]	多数（间接持股）
坦桑尼亚	坦桑尼亚航空	是
乌干达	乌干达航空	是	是
乌克兰	乌克兰国际航空	是	是	多数
阿联酋	阿提哈德航空	是	否	多数[note 5]
	阿联酋航空	是	是	多数[note 6]
英国	英国航空	是	是	无
乌拉圭	乌拉圭航空	是	是	少数（25%）
乌兹别克斯坦	乌兹别克斯坦航空	是		多数
瓦努阿图	瓦努阿图航空	是	是
委内瑞拉	委内瑞拉联合航空	是	否	全部
越南	越南国家航空	是	是	全部
也门	也门航空	是	是
赞比亚	赞比亚航空	是
津巴布韦	津巴布韦航空	是	是

（2）英文词条：曾经和当前国家在载旗航空中所占股份情况

Country or Region 国家／地区	Airline 航空公司	Details of current state ownership 现国家所有权细节	Details of former state ownership 前国家所有权详情
Afghanistan 阿富汗	Ariana Afghan Airlines[20]	State-owned[21] 完全国有
Albania 阿尔巴尼亚	Air Albania[22]
Algeria 阿尔及利亚	Air Algérie[23]	State-owned[24] 完全国有
Angola 安哥拉	TAAG Angola Airlines[25]	Majority[26] 多数股份
Argentina 阿根廷	Aerolíneas Argentinas[27]	State-owned[27] 完全国有
Armenia 亚美尼亚	Fly Arna[28][29]
Aruba 阿鲁巴	Aruba Airlines[30]	None 无国有股份
Australia 澳大利亚	Qantas[31]	None 无国有股份	State-owned until 1992.[32] 在1992年前完全国有
Austria 奥地利	Austrian Airlines[33]	None – owned by Lufthansa 无国有，由汉莎航空所有	State-owned until 5 December 2008.[34] 在2008年12月5日前完全国有
Azerbaijan 阿塞拜疆	Azerbaijan Airlines[35]
Bahamas 巴哈马	Bahamasair[36]	State-owned[37] 完全国有
Bahrain 巴林	Gulf Air[38]	State-owned[39] 完全国有
Bangladesh 孟加拉国	Biman Bangladesh Airlines[40]	Public limited company 公开募股的有限公司	State-owned until 23 July 2007. 在2007年7月23日前完全国有
Belarus 白俄罗斯	Belavia[41]	State-owned[42] 完全国有
Belgium 比利时	Brussels Airlines[43]	None – owned by Lufthansa[44] 无国有股份，由汉莎航空所有	State-owned in its original incarnation (SN Brussels Airlines) 最初的国有企业（SN 布鲁塞尔航空公司）
Bhutan 不丹	Druk Air[45]	None 无国有股份
Bolivia 玻利维亚	Boliviana de Aviación[46]	State-owned[47] 完全国有
Botswana 博茨瓦纳	Air Botswana[48]	State-owned[48] 完全国有
Brunei 文莱	Royal Brunei Airlines[49]	State-owned[49] 完全国有
Bulgaria 保加利亚	Bulgaria Air[50]	Minority state-owned (0.01%)[51] 少数股份国有
Burkina Faso 布基纳法索	Air Burkina	State-owned[52] 完全国有
Cambodia 柬埔寨	Cambodia Angkor Air[53]	Majority (51%)[54] 多数股份国有
Cameroon 喀麦隆	Camair-Co[55]	State-owned[56] 完全国有
Canada 加拿大	Air Canada[57]	Minority state-owned by the Government of Canada(Estimated 6.4%)[58] 少数股份由加拿大政府所有	State-owned until privatization in 1989.[59] 在1989年私有化之前为完全国有
Cape Verde 佛得角	TACV[60]
Cayman Islands 开曼群岛	Cayman Airways	State-owned [61] 完全国有
Chile 智利	LATAM Chile[62][63]	None 中国	State-owned until September 1989.[64] 在1989年9月之前为完全国有
China 中国	Air China[65]	Majority (51.7%): 40.98% through CNAHC and 10.72% through CNACG[66]: 10  多数 (51.7%)：CNAHC 占 40.98%，CNACG 占 10.72%[66]： 10	State-owned until 2004.[67] 在2004年之前为完全国有
Colombia 哥伦比亚	Avianca[68]	None 无国有股份
Costa Rica 哥斯达黎加	Avianca Costa Rica[69]
Croatia 克罗地亚	Croatia Airlines[70]	Majority (98%)[71] 多数股份国有
Cuba 古巴	Cubana de Aviación[72]	State-owned[73] 完全国有
Cyprus 塞浦路斯	Cyprus Airways[74]	None – 40% owned by Malta-based SJC Group[75] 无国有股份
Czech Republic 捷克	Czech Airlines[76]	None[76] 无国有股份
DR Congo 刚果民主共和国	Congo Airways[77]	State-owned[77] 完全国有
Denmark 丹麦	Scandinavian Airlines[78]	Joint venture[nb 1] 合资企业
Norway 挪威
Sweden 瑞典
Djibouti 吉布提	Air Djibouti[81]	Joint venture 合资企业
Dominican Republic 多米尼加	Arajet[82]	None 无国有股份
Egypt 埃及	Egyptair[83]	State-owned[84] 完全国有
Equatorial Guinea 赤道几内亚	CEIBA Intercontinental[85]
Eritrea 厄立特里亚	Eritrean Airlines	State-owned 完全国有
Estonia 爱沙尼亚	Nordica[86]	State-owned[86] 完全国有
Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚	Ethiopian Airlines[87]	State-owned[88] 完全国有
Faroe Islands 法罗群岛	Atlantic Airways[89]
Fiji 斐济	Fiji Airways[90]	Majority (51%)[91] 多数股份国有
Finland 芬兰	Finnair[92]	Majority (55.8%)[93] 多数股份国有
France 法国	Air France[94]	Minority (18% share)[95] 少数股份国有
French Polynesia 法属波利尼西亚	Air Tahiti Nui[96]	Majority[97] 多数股份国有
Georgia 格鲁吉亚	Georgian Airways	None 无国有股份
Germany 德国	Lufthansa[98]	None 无国有股份	State-owned until 1994;[99]remaining government shares were sold in 1997.[100]Minority (20.05%) in the Lufthansa Group acquired in 2020[101][102] was sold in 2022.[103] 1994 年之前一直为国有；[99]剩余的政府股份于 1997 年出售。[100]2020 年收购的汉莎航空集团的少数股权 (20.05%)[101][102]于 2022 年出售。[103]
Greece 希腊	Aegean Airlines[104]
Greenland 格陵兰	Air Greenland[105]
Guernsey 根西岛	Aurigny[106]	State-owned[107] 完全国有
Guyana 几内亚	Caribbean Airlines[108][109][110]	None[citation needed] 无国有股份
Jamaica 牙买加		Minority (16%)[citation needed] 少数股份
Trinidad and Tobago 特立尼达和多巴哥		Majority (84%)[111] 多数股份
Hong Kong 香港	Cathay Pacific[112]	Minority (6.08% by Hong Kong Government) + 28.17% through Air China Limited[113c] 少数股东（香港政府占 6.08%）+ 中国国际航空有限公司占 28.17%[113c]
Iceland 冰岛	Icelandair[114]	None – owned by Icelandair Group[115] 无国有股份-由冰岛航空集团所有
India 印度	Air India[116]	None – owned by Tata Group[117] 无国有股份-由塔塔集团所有	State-owned until November 2021[116][118][119] 在2021年11月前为完全国有
Indonesia 印度尼西亚	Garuda Indonesia[120]	Majority (60.536%)[121] 多数股份国有	State-owned until February 2011.[122] 在2011年2月前为完全国有
Iran 伊朗	Iran Air[123]	State-owned[124] 完全国有
Iraq 伊拉克	Iraqi Airways[125]
Ireland 爱尔兰	Aer Lingus[126][127]	None – owned by International Airlines Group 无国有股份-由国际航空公司集团所有	State-owned until September 2006.[128] 在2006年9月前为完全国有
Israel 以色列	El Al[129]	Minority (~1.1%)[130] 少数股份国有	State-owned until June 2004. 在2004年6月前为完全国有
Italy 意大利	ITA Airways[131]	State-owned, succeeded Alitalia starting from 15 October 2021[132][133][134] 国有，自 2021 年 10 月 15 日起接替意大利航空公司[132][133][134]
Ivory Coast 象牙海岸	Air Côte d’Ivoire[135]	Minority (49%) 少数股份国有
Japan 日本	Japan Airlines[136]	None 无国有股份	State-owned until 1987.[137][138] 在1987年前为完全国有
Jordan 约旦	Royal Jordanian[139]
Kazakhstan 哈萨克斯坦	Air Astana[140]	Majority (51%)[141] 多数股份国有
Kenya 肯尼亚	Kenya Airways[142]	Minority (29.8%)[143] 少数股份国有
Kiribati 基里巴斯	Air Kiribati[144]
Kuwait 科威特	Kuwait Airways[145]	State-owned[146] 完全国有
Laos 老挝	Lao Airlines[147]	State-owned[148] 完全国有
Latvia 拉脱维亚	airBaltic[149]	Majority (80.05%)[150] 多数股份国有
Lebanon 黎巴嫩	Middle East Airlines[151]	Majority (99%)[151] 多数股份国有
Libya 利比亚	Afriqiyah Airways[152]	State-owned[153] 完全国有
	Libyan Airlines[154]	State-owned[154] 完全国有
Luxembourg 卢森堡	Luxair[155]	Majority (73.86%)[156] 多数股份国有
Macau 澳门	Air Macau[157]	Minority (5%) 少数股份国有
Madagascar 马达加斯加	Madagascar Airlines[158]	Majority 多数股份国有
Malawi 马拉维	Malawi Airlines[159]	Majority (51%)[159] 多数股份国有
Malaysia 马来西亚	Malaysia Airlines[160]	State-owned through Khazanah Nasional[161] 通过国库控股 (Khazanah Nasional) 国有[161]
Maldives 马尔代夫	Maldivian
Malta 马耳他	Air Malta[162]	Majority[163] 多数股份国有
Mauritania 毛里塔尼亚	Mauritania Airlines[164]
Mauritius 毛里求斯	Air Mauritius[165]
Mexico 墨西哥	Aeroméxico[166]	None 无国有股份	State-owned until 2007. 在2007年之前完全国有
Mongolia 蒙古国	MIAT Mongolian Airlines[167]	State-owned[168] 完全国有
Montenegro 黑山	Air Montenegro[169]	State-owned[170] 完全国有
Morocco 摩洛哥	Royal Air Maroc[171]	State-owned[172] 完全国有
Mozambique 莫桑比克	LAM Mozambique Airlines[173]	State-owned 完全国有
Myanmar 缅甸	Myanmar National Airlines[174]	State-owned[175] 完全国有
Nauru 瑙鲁	Nauru Airlines[176]	State-owned[176] 完全国有
Nepal 尼泊尔	Nepal Airlines[177]	State-owned 完全国有
Netherlands 荷兰	KLM[178]	Minority (14%)[179] 少数股份国有
New Caledonia 新喀里多尼亚	Aircalin	Majority (99%)[180] 多数股份国有
New Zealand 新西兰	Air New Zealand[181]	Majority (53%)[182] 多数股份国有	State-owned until 1989, partially re-nationalized in 2001.[183][184][185] 1989 年之前一直为国有，2001 年部分重新收归国有。
North Korea 朝鲜	Air Koryo[186]	State-owned[187] 完全国有
Oman 阿曼	Oman Air[188]	Majority[189] 多数股份国有
Pakistan 巴基斯坦	Pakistan International Airlines[190]	State-owned[191] 完全国有
Panama 巴拿马	Copa Airlines[192]	None 无国有股份
Papua New Guinea 巴布亚新几内亚	Air Niugini[193]
Paraguay 巴拉圭	LATAM Paraguay[194]
Peru 秘鲁	LATAM Perú[195]
Philippines 菲律宾	Philippine Airlines[196]
Poland 波兰	LOT Polish Airlines[197]	State-owned[198] 完全国有
Portugal 葡萄牙	TAP Air Portugal[199]	Majority (72%) [200] 多数股份国有
Qatar 卡塔尔	Qatar Airways[201]	State-owned 完全国有
Réunion 留尼汪	Air Austral[202]
Romania 罗马尼亚	TAROM[203]	Majority (95%)[204] 多数股份国有
Russia 俄罗斯	Aeroflot[205]	Majority (51%)[206] 多数股份国有
Rwanda 卢旺达	RwandAir[207]	State-owned[207] 完全国有
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 圣文森特和格林纳丁斯	SVG Air[citation needed]
Samoa 萨摩亚	Samoa Airways[208]	State-owned[209] 完全国有
São Tomé and Príncipe 圣多美和普林西比	STP Airways[citation needed]	None 无国有股份
Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯	Saudia[210]	Majority 多数股份国有
Senegal 塞内加尔	Air Senegal[211]
Serbia 塞尔维亚	Air Serbia[212]	Majority (51%)[213] 多数股份国有
Seychelles 塞舌尔	Air Seychelles[214]	State-owned (100%)[215] 完全国有
Solomon Islands 所罗门群岛	Solomon Airlines[216]	State-owned[217] 完全国有
Singapore 新加坡	Singapore Airlines[218]	Majority (54.5% through Temasek Holdings[219]) 多数（54.5% 通过淡马锡控股[219]）
South Africa 南非	South African Airways[220]	State-owned[221] 完全国有
South Korea 韩国	Korean Air[222]	None[223] – owned by Hanjin[224] 无国有股份-韩进集团所有	State-owned until 1969.[225][226][227] 在1969年之前为完全国有
Spain 西班牙	Iberia[228]	None – owned by International Airlines Group 无国有股份-由国际航空公司集团所有
Sri Lanka 斯里兰卡	SriLankan Airlines[229]	State-owned[230] 完全国有
Sudan 苏丹	Sudan Airways	State-owned[231] 完全国有
Suriname 苏里南	Surinam Airways[232]	State-owned[233] 完全国有
Switzerland 瑞士	Swiss International Air Lines[234]	None – owned by Lufthansa[235] 无国有股份-由汉莎航空所有
Syria 叙利亚	Syrian Air[236]	State-owned 完全国有
Taiwan 中国台湾	China Airlines[237]	Majority[238] 多数股份国有	State-owned until 1991. 51.28% held by non-profit Civic Aviation Development Foundation.[239] 1991 年之前为国有。非营利性民用航空发展基金会持有 51.28% 的股份。[239]
Tanzania 坦桑尼亚	Air Tanzania	State-owned 完全国有
Thailand 泰国	Thai Airways International[240]	Minority (47.86%)[241] 少数股份国有
Tunisia 突尼斯	Tunisair[242]	Majority[242] 多数股份国有
Turkey 土耳其	Turkish Airlines[243]	Minority (49%) 少数股份国有
Turkmenistan 土库曼斯坦	Turkmenistan Airlines[244]	State-owned[245] 完全国有
Uganda 乌干达	Uganda Airlines[246]
Ukraine 乌克兰	Ukraine International Airlines[247]
United Arab Emirates 阿拉伯联合酋长国	Etihad Airways[248]	State-owned by the Government of Abu Dhabi[249][250] 阿布扎比政府国有[249][250]
	Emirates[251]	State-owned by the Government of Dubaithrough the Investment Corporation of Dubai.[252] 由迪拜政府通过迪拜投资公司国有。[252]
United Kingdom 英国	British Airways[253]	None – owned by International Airlines Group 无国有股份-由国际航空公司集团所有	State-owned until 1987.[254] 在1987年之前为完全国有
Uzbekistan 乌兹别克斯坦	Uzbekistan Airways[255]	Majority 多数股份国有
Venezuela 委内瑞拉	Conviasa[256]
Vietnam 越南	Vietnam Airlines[257]	Majority (86.2%)[257] 多数股份国有
Vanuatu 瓦努阿图	Air Vanuatu[258]	State-owned[259] 完全国有
Yemen 也门	Yemenia[260]	Majority 多数股份国有
Zambia 赞比亚	Zambia Airways[261]
Zimbabwe 津巴布韦	Air Zimbabwe[262]	State-owned[262] 完全国有

1.3 影响

• 1970年代起随着两岸外交情势的消长，日本与部分西方国家与中华人民共和国建立了外交关系、并同时终止与中华民国（台湾）之间的正式邦交，但北京方面仍对日本与西方民航业者开出了苛刻的要求，要求与中华人民共和国建交之国家的载旗航空公司不得经营台湾航线，受此打击最大的日本航空因而权宜性的开设了专营台日航线的子公司日本亚细亚航空，其他载旗航空公司也跟着仿效日航的做法并开设以“亚洲”为名且专营台湾航线的子公司来避开政治干扰（如已终止营运的英亚航、法亚航、瑞亚航、澳亚航与现在仅存的荷亚航），也有航空公司委托现有的子公司执飞（如汉莎航空的神鹰航空）。此一措施除了得在航空公司名称上动手脚外，还要用贴纸遮蔽机身上的国旗图样。虽然台湾方面仍遇到较大的外交困境，以及中华人民共和国对外国载旗航空公司经营台湾航线的限制与干预，部分东南亚国家的载旗航空公司几乎没有受到外交干扰而持续经营台湾航线，如泰国国际航空、新加坡航空、印尼航空、马来西亚航空和菲律宾航空。此种迂回的利用子公司经营台湾航线的情形，至2000年代后才有所改善。
• 由于以色列位处四面楚歌的危险地带，以色列航空的飞机无法经营中东航点并飞经中东国家领空，在航线开辟上有较大的限制（另见恩德培行动、摩西行动、约书亚行动和所罗门行动）；另外以色列航空的货机为了避免来自敌对伊斯兰国家的政治干扰，以航货机通常不会漆上公司涂装^[6]。
• 两国发生外交争端时，双方的载旗航空公司飞往对方国家的航线会遭到敌国抵制，或者当事国自行抵制飞往敌对国家。如马岛战争期间，英国与阿根廷禁止对方的载旗航空公司禁航伦敦与布宜诺斯艾利斯航线；钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿主权问题与独岛主权争议发生时，日本的航空公司一度被政府要求减少或停飞飞往中国与韩国的航班做外交示威，造成客货运依存量大的日中航线与日韩航线亏损。

2. 参见（相关词条）

• List of charter airlines（包机航空公司列表）
• List of low-cost airlines（廉价航空公司列表）

3. 参考文献

3.1 英文词条

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2. ·  ^ McMurtry, Ian (25 May 2018). “Palestinian Airlines: The Homeless Flag Carrier”. AirlineGeeks.com. Retrieved 12 June2019.
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21. ·  ^ De Luce, Dan; Kube, Courtney (8 June 2022). “Biden admin relies on Taliban-controlled airline to help Afghans flee Afghanistan”. NBC News. Retrieved 17 March 2023. the Biden administration indirectly purchases plane tickets in bulk from Ariana Afghan Airlines, the country’s state-owned airline
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26. ·  ^ Hofmann, Kurt (6 May 2016). “TAAG Angola Airlines’ new 777-300ER to fly on Portugal route”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 6 May 2016. The Angolan government is the majority shareholder in TAAG. 
27. ·  ^ Jump up to: ^a b “Argentina: Aerolineas Argentinas faces a tough turnaround with government’s new liberal mindset”. CAPA Centre for Aviation. 19 September 2016. Archived from the original on 22 September 2016. At the same time, Argentina’s state-owned flag carrier Aerolineas Argentinas is attempting to transition to a more commercially minded airline after years of bleeding cash and being propped by the former Argentinian government.
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31. ·  ^ Dron, Alan (1 September 2017). “Brisbane named second Qantas 787-9 base”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 2 September 2017.
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36. ·  ^ Blachly, Linda (17 June 2015). “Bahamasair orders five ATR -600 aircraft”. Air Transport World. Archived from the originalon 17 June 2015. Bahamasair, the national flag carrier of Bahamas, has placed a firm order for two 70- seat ATR 72-600s and three 50-seat ATR 42-600s. 
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72. ·  ^ “First direct Brazil flight to take off in July”. Cuba Standard. 29 June 2013. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Flag carrier Cubana de Aviación is resuming direct flights to Brazil with a Havana-São Paulo route on July 10, the tourism ministry said in a press release.
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77. ·  ^ Jump up to: ^a b “Congo Airways to make international debut in mid-4Q”. ch-aviation GmbH. 5 August 2016. Archived from the original on 3 September 2016. Effective November 1, the state-owned national carrier of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) plans to operate a multiple-weekly service between Kinshasa N’Djili and Johannesburg O.R. Tambo, South Africa using A320-200 equipment.
78. ·  ^ Jump up to: ^a b “SAS aims to capture a larger share of the thriving Scandinavian leisure market”. Centre for Aviation. 27 August 2012. Archived from the original on 22 October 2016.
79. ·  ^ Moores, Victoria (18 October 2016). “Sweden, Norway sell 7% of SAS Scandinavian Airlines”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 22 October 2016. This reduces Sweden’s stake to 57 million shares, or around 17% of SAS, down from 21%.
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83. ·  ^ “Egyptair plans further restructuring as losses mount. But outlook may brighten as Egypt stabilises”. Centre for Aviation. 15 June 2014. Archived from the original on 24 June 2014.
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89. ·  ^ Dron, Alan (30 March 2017). “Island carrier Atlantic Airways seeks new revenue stream”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 31 March 2017. Faroese national carrier Atlantic Airways anticipates a move into the ACMI market as it attempts to offset the effect of new competition on its primary route.
90. ·  ^ Torr, Jeremy (16 September 2015). “Fiji Airways introduces additional Hong Kong route”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 17 September 2015. Flag carrier Fiji Airways will increase flight frequencies on its Fiji (Nadi International)-Hong Kong International route from Oct. 25. 
91. ·  ^ “Fiji Airways’ new MD Stefan Pichler sets his sights on the next five years for the rebranded airline”. Centre for Aviation. 19 September 2013. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013.
92. ·  ^ Dron, Alan (29 March 2018). “Finnair brings in capacity support”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 7 April 2018.
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96. ·  ^ “Air Tahiti Nui plans metal neutral alliance with Air France and partners as losses continue to mount”. Centre for Aviation. 31 May 2013. Archived from the original on 17 June 2013. But most of all the flag carrier will need to get its financial situation under control.
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98. ·  ^ Kaminski-Morrow, David (4 October 2013). “Lufthansa cuts back A380 order”. Flightglobal. London. Archived from the originalon 29 June 2014. German flag-carrier Lufthansa appears to have cancelled orders for three Airbus A380s.
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103. ·  ^ “760 Millionen: Bund mit Gewinn bei Lufthansa ausgestiegen”. www.zdf.de (in German). 14 September 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
104. ·  ^ Dron, Alan (27 May 2016). “Aegean 1Q losses widen as it invests in capacity”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 28 May 2016. Greek flag carrier Aegean Airlines recorded a net loss of €21.5 million ($24 million) for 1Q 2016, widened from a €8.3 million net loss for the year-ago quarter. 
105. ·  ^ Blachly, Linda (1 May 2015). “Airline News-1 May 2015”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 1 May 2015. Air Greenland has joined the European Regions Airline Association (ERA), bringing the number of airlines in membership to 53. The flag carrier of Greenland is the third airline to join ERA this year. 
106. ·  ^ “Hahn Air’s new partner Aurigny now available in 190 markets” (Press release). Hahn Air. 8 October 2014. Archived from the original on 18 October 2014. 
107. ·  ^ “Guernsey States’ ownership of Aurigny ‘essential'”. BBC News. 20 November 2012. Archived from the original on 18 October 2014. 
108. ·  ^ Chabrol, Denis (16 January 2016). “Republic Bank, Caribbean Airlines involved in Guyana’s jubilee celebration”. demerarawaves.com.
109. ·  ^ “Macquarie AirFinance Delivers 737-800 to Caribbean Airlines” (PDF).
110. ·  ^ “Status quo for Caribbean Airlines – chaos surrounds the would-be flag carrier of the region”. Centre for Aviation. 21 April 2014. Archived from the original on 21 April 2014. The board of beleaguered carrier Caribbean Airlines, the national airline of Trinidad and Tobago, has reportedly undertaken an evaluation of the airline’s routes as its long-haul operation to London continues to underperform.
111. ·  ^ “Caribbean Airlines: News/PR”. Archived from the originalon 11 January 2012.
112. ·  ^ Thisdell, Dan (6 February 2015). “Shrinking Jumbos: Top Ten 747-400 fleets still in service”. Flightglobal. London. Archived from the original on 7 February 2015. For the Hong Kong flag carrier, retiring 747-400s are being replaced largely by 777-300ERs. 
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114. ·  ^ Dron, Alan (6 June 2014). “Icelandair faces indefinite strike action”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. The threat of a potentially lengthy strike hung over Iceland’s national airline, Icelandair, on Friday after the company’s mechanics announced plans for industrial action.
115. ·  ^ “20 largest shareholders as of 08.09.2021”. Icelandair Group. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
116. ·  ^ Jump up to: ^a b Thisdell, Dan (14 August 2015). “Plane paint: Top 10 Indian liveries”. London: Flightglobal. Archived from the original on 15 August 2015. With 102 aircraft in service, the state-owned flag carrier is still a big beast, but with just 11 on order it looks set to slip down the fleet size table. 
117. ·  ^ Mukul, Pranav (28 January 2022). “Its handover complete, Air India returns to Tata home after 69 yrs”. New Delhi. Archivedfrom the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
118. ·  ^ “Air India: Struggling national carrier sold to Tata Sons”. BBC News. 8 October 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
119. ·  ^ “Sentiments and business: What Air India acquisition means for Tatas – Times of India”. The Times of India. 8 October 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
120. ·  ^ Torr, Jeremy (2 June 2015). “Garuda Indonesia may be forced to change Amsterdam service”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 5 June 2015. Indonesian flag carrier Garuda Indonesia may be forced to add a stopover to its recently introduced Jakarta-Amsterdam nonstop service as a result of runway certification problems at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport in Jakarta. 
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122. ·  ^ BeritaSatu.com (21 February 2011). “Mengapa IPO Garuda buntung?”. beritasatu.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 21 December 2019.
123. ·  ^ Dron, Alan (10 March 2017). “Iran Air takes first Airbus widebody from major order”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 10 March 2017. The aircraft was handed over to the Iranian flag carrier at Airbus’s final assembly line site at Toulouse, France on March 10.
124. ·  ^ “Iran Air Seeks Share Sale to Grow Amid Sanctions, Chairman Says”. 29 July 2010. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012 – via www.bloomberg.com.
125. ·  ^ “Kuwait Airways and Iraqi Airways face brighter future following settlement of long-running dispute”. Centre for Aviation. 1 November 2012. Archived from the original on 23 February 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
126. ·  ^ Reals, Kerry (18 December 2018). “Aer Lingus to bring back short-haul premium service with A321neo LR”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 2 January 2019.
127. ·  ^ “AER LINGUS GRP Share Price Chart”. Yahoo! Finance UK & Ireland. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
128. ·  ^ “Irish Independent: Key dates in Aer Lingus history”. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
129. ·  ^ Blachly, Linda (13 March 2015). “Aircraft & Engines-13 March 2015”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 14 March 2015. Israeli flag carrier El Al received its 50th aircraft, a Next-Generation 737-900ER. 
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134. ·  ^ Julia Buckley (8 October 2021). “What to know about Europe’s newest airline”. CNN Travel.
135. ·  ^ “Bombardier to sell eight Q400 NextGen aircraft to Palma Holding”. Reuters. 18 November 2013. Archived from the original on 20 June 2014. Bombardier also said Ivory Coast’s national airline, Air Cote d’Ivoire, has agreed to buy two Q400 NextGen aircraft.
136. ·  ^ Schofield, Adrian (27 April 2018). “JAL reports 17.5% net profit drop on deferred taxes”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 5 May 2018. The Japan flag carrier expects its net profit to slip to ¥110 billion in the fiscal year through March 2019.
137. ·  ^ “Japan Airlines Company, Ltd”. fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved 6 September 2009.
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139. ·  ^ Dron, Alan (28 July 2014). “Middle Eastern carriers drop routes”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 29 July 2014. 
140. ·  ^ Hofmann, Kurt (28 August 2018). “Air Astana reports strong 1H traffic on 8% capacity increase”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 13 September 2018.
141. ·  ^ Hofmann, Kurt (11 April 2014). “Air Astana eyes Paris and Prague services after EU lifts safety ban”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 11 April 2014. Air Astana is a joint venture between Kazakhstan’s national wealth fund Samruk Kazyna and BAE Systems, with respective shares of 51% and 49%.
142. ·  ^ Rivers, Martin (12 March 2013). “Kenya Airways adds flights to Livingstone, Zambia”. London: Flightglobal. Archived from the original on 24 March 2013. Livingstone will become the Kenyan flag carrier’s second Zambian destination, alongside capital city Lusaka.
143. ·  ^ “Government now largest shareholder of Kenya Airways”. Sunday Nation. 7 June 2012. Archived from the original on 8 June 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
144. ·  ^ Schofield, Adrian (19 December 2018). “Air Kiribati to boost fleet, connectivity with Embraer E-Jets order”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 3 January 2019.
145. ·  ^ Dron, Alan (7 April 2017). “Kuwait Airways prepares for Amadeus switchover”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 8 April 2017. Kuwaiti national carrier Kuwait Airways is to complete switching over its booking, ticketing and reservations system to the Amadeus Altéa Suite of products within the next six months.
146. ·  ^ “Kuwait Airways names new CEO”. Air Transport World. 16 May 2017. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. The state-owned carrier, which had been in the doldrums for much of the 1990s and 2000s, is undergoing a major re-fleeting exercise.
147. ·  ^ Torr, Jeremy (9 January 2015). “Lao Airlines plans route expansion”. Air Transport World. Archived from the originalon 10 January 2015. Lao Airlines, the national carrier of Laos, will add a new route to its 19-destination network across the landlocked Southeast Asian country. 
148. ·  ^ “Laos aviation market poised for more rapid growth after doubling in size in only 15 months”. Centre for Aviation. 8 January 2013. Archived from the original on 12 February 2013.
149. ·  ^ Dron, Alan (8 November 2015). “Dubai Air Show: airBaltic takes lead on Bombardier CS300”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 10 November 2015. Latvian national carrier airBaltic will be the launch customer for the CS300 version of Bombardier’s CSeries, the manufacturer announced at the Dubai Air Show Nov. 8. 
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151. ·  ^ Jump up to: ^a b Kaminski-Morrow, David (21 October 2019). “MEA advances Airbus deliveries schedule”. Flightglobal. Archived from the original on 21 May 2020.
152. ·  ^ Rivers, Martin (20 December 2012). “PICTURE: Afriqiyah Airways unveils new livery”. London: Flightglobal. Archived from the original on 30 December 2012. Retrieved 20 December2012. Libyan flag carrier Afriqiyah Airways unveiled its new livery at an event in the Rixos Al Nasr Hotel, Tripoli on 19 December.
153. ·  ^ “Libya’s economy recovers as airlines restore networks post-revolution”. Centre for Aviation. 10 December 2012. Archived from the original on 18 February 2013. The country’s two state-owned airlines, Libyan Air and Afriqiyah Airlines, which both suffered extensive damage to aircraft, resumed operations late 2011 and are gradually reestablishing their pre-war networks as aircraft return to service.
154. ·  ^ Jump up to: ^a b “Libyan Airlines Takes Delivery of its First Airbus A330”. The Tripoli Post. 29 June 2013. Archived from the original on 20 July 2013. Libya’s national carrier and state-owned Libyan Airlines has taken delivery of its first Airbus A330-200, a 259-seater plane that will be used on the carrier’s longer-haul routes.
155. ·  ^ Dron, Alan (3 August 2018). “Luxair to increase frequencies and destinations”. Air Transport World. Archived from the originalon 2 September 2018.
156. ·  ^ “About Luxair Group – Shareholders”. luxairgroup.lu. Luxair Group. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
157. ·  ^ “Air Macau takes encouraging steps to support the Macau market as “resort” tourism balloons”. Centre for Aviation. 3 January 2013. Archived from the original on 6 January 2013. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
158. ·  ^ “Madagascar Airlines obtains own AOC, OL”. ch-aviation GmbH. 19 April 2023. Archived from the original on 24 September 2023.
159. ·  ^ Jump up to: ^a b Mkandawire, Lucky (19 February 2014). “Passengers express pride as Malawian Airlines inaugurates J’burg flight”. Nyasa Times. Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
160. ·  ^ “Malaysia Airlines pursues rapid expansion but yields and profits are under pressure”. Centre for Aviation. 21 November 2013. Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. The flag carrier hopes it can eventually improve yields across both cabins, leveraging the improvements in its product and new membership in oneworld.
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164. ·  ^ Blachly, Linda (9 August 2016). “Mauritania Airlines finalizes Boeing 737-800 order”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 13 August 2016. The Mauritanian flag carrier operates a fleet that includes one Boeing 737-700NG and two 737-500s.
165. ·  ^ Torr, Jeremy (27 April 2016). “Mauritius bids for key Asia-Africa transit hub status”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 30 April 2016. In March 2016, the island’s flag carrier Air Mauritius said it would move its Southeast Asian hub from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia to Singapore’s Changi.
166. ·  ^ Broderick, Sean (7 March 2018). “Aeromexico set to put first MAX into service”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 7 March 2018.
167. ·  ^ Blachly, Linda (3 April 2017). “MIAT Mongolian Airlines to lease two Boeing 737 MAXs”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 13 April 2017. The Mongolian flag carrier is expected to operate the 737 MAX aircraft on existing routes to South Korea, China, Japan, Russia, Germany and future new routes.
168. ·  ^ “MIAT Mongolian Airlines”. Miat.com. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
169. ·  ^ “Air Montenegro prvi let”. Air Montenegro. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
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171. ·  ^ Hofmann, Kurt (20 August 2018). “Royal Air Maroc, pilot union reach agreement to end dispute”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 20 August 2018.
172. ·  ^ Dron, Alan (1 February 2019). “Royal Air Maroc sees fleet, hub growth ahead of oneworld membership”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 4 February 2019.
173. ·  ^ Kaminski-Morrow, David (19 April 2011). “Mozambique is latest state to face EU blacklist ban”. London: Flightglobal. Archived from the original on 28 July 2013. All carriers from Mozambique, including flag-carrier LAM, are being placed on the European Union’s blacklist of airlines, in addition to a pair of Boeing 767s operating for Air Madagascar.
174. ·  ^ Torr, Jeremy (5 August 2015). “Myanmar Airlines continues fleet upgrade”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 7 August 2015. Myanmar flag carrier Myanmar National Airlines has taken delivery of the first of six ATR 72-600s as part of a $296 million order for the regional turboprop aircraft. 
175. ·  ^ Blachly, Linda (16 July 2014). “Myanmar Airways inks deal for up to 12 ATR 72-600s”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 16 July 2014.
176. ·  ^ Jump up to: ^a b “Nauru Airlines begins new chapter with new brand & rapid growth despite world’s smallest home market”. CAPA Centre for Aviation. Archived from the original on 10 September 2014. 
177. ·  ^ Hofmann, Kurt (13 April 2018). “Nepal Airlines’ first A330 will expand international network”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 19 April 2018.
178. ·  ^ Hofmann, Kurt (13 May 2016). “KLM expands long-haul network”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 14 May 2016. The Dutch flag carrier also added a twice-weekly Amsterdam-Salt Lake City service on May 5, becoming 3X-weekly from July 4. 
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180. ·  ^ “New Caledonia’s Aircalin to end A330-200 ops in late 3Q19”. ch-aviation.
181. ·  ^ Schofield, Adrian (9 April 2018). “Air New Zealand boosts network to replace Virgin Australia alliance”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 30 April 2018. The New Zealand flag carrier will launch two new routes to Australia and will add frequencies elsewhere, boosting capacity by 15% in the Australia-New Zealand market.
182. ·  ^ Paylor, Anne (25 November 2013). “New Zealand government cuts stake in Air New Zealand to 53%”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 9 December 2013.
183. ·  ^ “Government bailout of Air NZ complete”. NZ Herald. 18 January 2002. ISSN 1170-0777. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
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186. ·  ^ Morrison, Murdo (28 November 2014). “SOLDIERING ON: 10 veteran airliner types still in service”. Flightglobal. London. Flight International. Archived from the original on 30 November 2014. If sightings of the Ilyushin Il-18, a Cold War era Russian large turboprop that first flew in 1957 and had its heyday in the 1960s, are fairly scarce these days – with 11 examples in service – ticking off the one example flown by Air Koryo must rank high on any planespotter’s wishlist. North Korean travel agencies offer trips to enthusiasts to fly on aircraft belonging to the flag-carrier, described by one unkind journalist as the “world’s only one-star airline”. 
187. ·  ^ “Air Koryo”. Archived from the original on 15 October 2009. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
188. ·  ^ Dron, Alan (10 April 2018). “Omani flag carrier names new CCO”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 13 April 2018.
189. ·  ^ “Oman Air reports record passengers, but also record losses”. Centre for Aviation. 19 April 2012. Archived from the original on 4 October 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2012. Since the Oman Government took majority ownership in early 2007, the airline has lost a staggering OMR295 million (USD766.9 million).
190. ·  ^ “CEO: Pakistan International Airlines wet-leases three SriLankan A330s”. Air Transport World. 29 July 2016. Archived from the original on 1 August 2016. According to the Pakistan flag carrier, the A330s will be used primarily for a 6X-weekly premier service to London Heathrow, which is being launched Aug. 14. 
191. ·  ^ Torr, Jeremy (7 August 2015). “Pakistan International Airlines privatization plans delayed to 2016”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 7 August 2015. 
192. ·  ^ Nensel, Mark (9 August 2018). “United, Avianca and Copa consider joint business agreement”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 30 August 2018.
193. ·  ^ Blachly, Linda (25 April 2018). “Aircraft, Engine & Leasing Briefs-25 April 2018”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 29 April 2018. Avmax leased one Bombardier Dash 8-Q315 to Air Niugini, the National Airline of Papua New Guinea.
194. ·  ^ “LATAM Airlines Paraguay – CAPA – Centre for Aviation”.
195. ·  ^ “LATAM Airlines Peru Airline Profile – CAPA – Centre for Aviation”.
196. ·  ^ Torr, Jeremy (11 August 2015). “Philippine Airlines to open new LAX service”. Air Transport World. Archived from the originalon 15 August 2015. Filipino flag carrier Philippine Airlines (PAL) plans to launch Cebu-Los Angeles (LAX) service from March 2016. 
197. ·  ^ Moores, Victoria (20 December 2017). “First seats from Boeing partner LIFT enter service”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 2 January 2018. LOT Polish Airlines has become the launch customer for aircraft seating newcomer LIFT by EnCore, with the company’s first product entering service on the Polish flag carrier’s Boeing 737 MAXs.
198. ·  ^ Hofmann, Kurt (25 October 2018). “LOT cancels flights, fires workers as week-long crew strike continues”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 12 November 2018.
199. ·  ^ Hofmann, Kurt (4 February 2019). “TAP reports 11.3% traffic growth on African routes in 2018”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 5 February 2019.
200. ·  ^ Siza, Ana Brito, Ana Sá Lopes, São José Almeida, Rita. “Estado fica com 72,5% da TAP e assume controlo”. PÚBLICO (in Portuguese). Retrieved 11 July 2020.
201. ·  ^ Dron, Alan (29 November 2018). “Qatar Airways to increase service to Iran”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 20 December 2018.
202. ·  ^ “Vanilla Islands carriers Air Seychelles and Air Austral make capacity cuts”. Centre for Aviation. 20 December 2011. Archived from the original on 5 May 2012. Retrieved 10 May2012. …La Reunion’s national carrier, Air Austral, is planning to take a similar approach to some destinations in its long-haul network.
203. ·  ^ Hofmann, Kurt (6 July 2018). “Romania’s Tarom issues RFP to dry lease 13 regional jets”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 13 July 2018.
204. ·  ^ “Mission and people”. tarom.ro. Archived from the originalon 9 November 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
205. ·  ^ Kaminski-Morrow, David (15 January 2015). “Aeroflot commits to another 20 Superjets”. Flightglobal. London. Archived from the original on 15 January 2015. Russian flag-carrier Aeroflot has agreed to take another 20 Sukhoi Superjet 100s, under a tentative agreement with the airframer.
206. ·  ^ “Aeroflot profits up on regional airlines turnaround”. Reuters. Moscow. 2 December 2013. Archived from the original on 2 June 2014.
207. ·  ^ Jump up to: ^a b Hofmann, Kurt (7 March 2016). “Ethiopian Airlines, RwandAir eye strategic partnership”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. 
208. ·  ^ Ah-Hi, Elizabeth (21 November 2017). “Air of confidence about Samoa’s new flag carrier”. Samoa Observer. 
209. ·  ^ Schofield, Adrian (14 November 2017). “Samoan government says state airline must be self-sufficient”. Air Transport World. The government of Samoa said the South Pacific country’s state-owned airline must remain financially self-sufficient, as it relaunches international services. Samoa Airways began scheduled services with a flight to Auckland, New Zealand, on Nov. 14, and also will offer service to Australia. 
210. ·  ^ Hofmann, Kurt (26 July 2017). “Air Partner remarkets 15 Saudia Boeing 777-200ERs”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 27 July 2017.
211. ·  ^ Blachly, Linda (20 June 2017). “Air Senegal signs for two ATR 72-600s”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 24 June 2017. Air Senegal, the new Senegalese national airline, has signed a firm contract for two ATR 72-600s at the Paris Air Show.
212. ·  ^ Dron, Alan (5 May 2016). “Air Serbia’s 2015 net profit up 44%”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 6 May 2016. The Serbia flag carrier said the full-year results were achieved on the back of “significant growth” in passenger numbers, which increased 11% to 2.55 million year-over-year (YOY). 
213. ·  ^ Dron, Alan (3 March 2015). “Air Serbia records first full-year profit in 2014”. Air Transport World. Archived from the originalon 3 March 2015. The government of Serbia retains a 51% majority stake. 
214. ·  ^ “Air Seychelles looks to ride Chinese boom & grow in tandem with part-owner Etihad – Australia next?”. Centre for Aviation. 29 March 2013. Archived from the original on 11 November 2013.
215. ·  ^ “Etihad divests full stake in Air Seychelles”. The National. 1 May 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
216. ·  ^ Torr, Jeremy (9 June 2016). “Solomon Airlines to resume services following grounding”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 12 June 2016. Pacific island flag carrier Solomon Airlines will resume services following a grounding of its fleet over a payment dispute with its main funding partner, the Solomon Islands government. 
217. ·  ^ “Honiara forgives $2mn Solomons’ debt”. ch-aviation GmbH. 31 July 2023. Archived from the original on 16 September 2023.
218. ·  ^ “Singapore Airlines in $20 million government-led tourism push”. Air Transport World. 2 July 2015. Archived from the original on 1 August 2015. Singapore flag carrier Singapore Airlines (SIA) plans to participate in a $20 million government-led initiative to promote inbound travel to Singapore. 
219. ·  ^ “UPDATE 2-Singapore Air Q1 net profit beats f’cast”. Reuters. 26 July 2010. Archived from the original on 2 August 2010. Retrieved 6 August 2010.
220. ·  ^ Dron, Alan (27 October 2017). “South African Airways to receive financial support”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 27 October 2017.
221. ·  ^ Dron, Alan (5 December 2018). “South African Airways clarifies recovery plan funding”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 7 December 2018.
222. ·  ^ Schofield, Adrian (19 October 2018). “Cho: Korean Air deciding on new widebody orders”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 1 November 2018.
223. ·  ^ “Member Airline Korean Air”. SkyTeam. Archived from the original on 4 June 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
224. ·  ^ “Korean Air info on Hanjin corporate website”. Hanjin KAL Corporation. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
225. ·  ^ Jin, Min-ji (5 March 2019). “Korean Air turns 50 with eye on growth”. Korea JoongAng Daily.
226. ·  ^ https://www.koreanair.com/mobile/global/ko-backup/about/who-we-are2/history-awards.html^{[bare URL]}
227. ·  ^ “KOREAN AIR 50 YEARS HISTORY” (PDF). Korean Air.
228. ·  ^ Hofmann, Kurt (24 August 2018). “Iberia increases frequencies to six Latin American destinations”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 25 August 2018.
229. ·  ^ Dron, Alan (4 April 2018). “New SriLankan board to push through restructuring”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 6 April 2018.
230. ·  ^ “SriLankan Airlines buys back 43.6 pc stake from Emirates”. The Economic Times. 7 June 2010. Archived from the originalon 12 July 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
231. ·  ^ “Sudan Dreams Big With New Airports”. Airwise News. Reuters. 31 October 2012. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 6 December 2012. State-owned carrier Sudan Airways, known for its delays, has lost out to new carriers offering better service.
232. ·  ^ Pilling, Mark (24 December 2008). “Putting Surinam on the map”. Flightglobal.com. Airline Business. Archived from the original on 9 October 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012. The country’s flag carrier is Surinam Airways, a small airline with ambitions to carve out a profitable niche connecting this former Dutch colony with the world.
233. ·  ^ Kuipers, Ank (20 July 2012). “Suriname state oil company considers share offering”. Reuters. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2012. Suriname is also considering selling shares in telecommunications firm Telesur and Surinam Airways, which are state owned, and bank Hakrinbank, which is partly owned by the government.
234. ·  ^ Blachly, Linda (17 September 2014). “Lufthansa Group orders 15 A320neos for SWISS subsidiary”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 17 September 2014. SWISS, the national airline of Switzerland, has a fleet of A319s, A320s, A321s, A330s and A340s. 
235. ·  ^ “Lufthansa Group Corporate Structure”. Lufthansa AG. Archived from the original on 8 September 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
236. ·  ^ “Syrian Arab Airlines”. Archived from the original on 4 December 2013.
237. ·  ^ Blachly, Linda (6 October 2014). “Taiwan’s China Airlines takes delivery of first Boeing 777-300ER”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Taiwanese flag carrier China Airlines has taken delivery of its first of 10 Boeing 777-300ERs. 
238. ·  ^ “China Airlines”. China Aviation Development Foundation. Archived from the original on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2023. the government of the Republic of China still holds an indirect but majority shareholding. 
239. ·  ^ 公司治理成效. Archived from the original on 11 February 2013.
240. ·  ^ Montag-Girmes, Polina (16 November 2016). “International airlines increase capacity, frequencies to Russia”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 17 December 2016. The Thailand flag carrier ceased Moscow operations in March 2015 because of weak demand.
241. ·  ^ “Thai Airways submits bankruptcy request court says”. Yahoo! Finance. 26 May 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
242. ·  ^ Jump up to: ^a b “Tunisair’s sluggish attitude towards change makes it ill-prepared for Open Skies”. Centre for Aviation. 21 August 2012. Archived from the original on 4 October 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2012. As a majority state-owned airline in North Africa, Tunisair has retained most of the flag carrier privileges that are cemented in the 1944 Chicago Convention, but those protectionist practices run counter to the present realities of passengers wanting choice and low fares.
243. ·  ^ Hofmann, Kurt (12 May 2015). “Turkish Airlines swings to net profit in 1Q”. Air Transport World. Archived from the originalon 13 May 2015. The Istanbul-based flag carrier flies to 45 domestic and 226 international destinations in 109 countries and operates 274 aircraft, comprising 62 widebody, 202 narrowbody and 10 cargo aircraft. 
244. ·  ^ Borodina, Polina (26 March 2014). “Turkmenistan Airlines receives first Boeing 777-200LR”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 26 March 2014. The flag carrier of Turkmenistan operates scheduled flights on 15 routes in 11 European and Asian countries including Frankfurt, London, Moscow, Beijing and Istanbul.
245. ·  ^ “Turkmenistan Airlines finalises B777-300ER purchase”. ch-aviation GmbH. 4 September 2023. Archived from the originalon 9 September 2023. The aircraft will be the first B777-300ERs in Turkmenistan Airlines’ fleet, although the state-owned carrier already operates four B777-200(LR)s.
246. ·  ^ Nensel, Mark (18 July 2018). “Revived Uganda flag carrier orders CRJ900s, A330neos”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 18 July 2018.
247. ·  ^ “Ukraine International to double international network as Aerosvit restructures”. Centre for Aviation. 14 January 2013. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. While a relatively large country (both in land mass and population – it has about 45 million people), the Ukrainian market (like many other markets in Eastern Europe) cannot easily sustain two large flag carriers, particularly as low-cost competition continues to increase.
248. ·  ^ Dron, Alan (17 June 2016). “Etihad, Avianca Brasil ink new codeshare”. Air Transport World. Archived from the originalon 17 June 2016. United Arab Emirates (UAE) flag carrier Etihad Airways has signed a codeshare agreement with Avianca Brasil in the Abu Dhabi-based carrier’s latest move to increase its penetration in the South American market. 
249. ·  ^ “Etihad Holds Roadshows To Finance Aircraft”. Airwise News. 23 February 2012. Archived from the original on 24 May 2013.
250. ·  ^ Shaw-Smith, Peter. “Etihad ‘Slightly Ahead’ in Plan to Return to Profitability”. Aviation International News. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
251. ·  ^ “Etihad Suspends Flights To Damascus”. Airwise News. Reuters. 30 August 2012. Archived from the original on 3 September 2012. Retrieved 9 October 2012. The website of the UAE’s other flag carrier, Emirates, says flights to Damascusremain operational.
252. ·  ^ “Emirates and Dnata now under ICD | GulfNews.com”. archive.ph. 3 January 2013. Archived from the original on 3 January 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
253. ·  ^ Flottau, Jens (4 May 2018). “IAG reports strong 1Q as passenger revenues improve”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 5 May 2018. UK flag carrier British Airways (BA) continued to be the most profitable unit, with a 9.9% operating margin, followed by Iberia (1%).
254. ·  ^ “Profile: British Airways”. BBC News. 20 September 2001. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. In May the airline reported a sharp rise in profits and revealed that it was making more money from each customer than it has done since it was privatised in 1987.
255. ·  ^ Montag-Girmes, Polina (31 August 2016). “Uzbekistan Airways takes first Boeing 787”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 3 September 2016. The flag carrier of the Republic of Uzbekistan has trained 18 pilots and two pilot-instructors for the new aircraft type.
256. ·  ^ “Conviasa – El Placer de Volar”. www.conviasa.aero.
257. ·  ^ Jump up to: ^a b Schofield, Adrian (13 April 2018). “Vietnam Airlines continues to dominate international market”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 19 April 2018.
258. ·  ^ “All About Air Vanuatu”. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013.
259. ·  ^ “Air Vanuatu’s only jet grounded, no spare parts on hand”. ch-aviation GmbH. 3 April 2023. Archived from the original on 25 September 2023. The state-owned airline is undergoing a restructuring process under a new board and interim CEO, and is facing significant day-to-day challenges.
260. ·  ^ Dron, Alan (30 March 2015). “Yemenia suspends services”. Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 31 March 2015. The Yemen national carrier said it was suspending flight operations “until further notice due to the prevalent unfavorable operational situation and restriction imposed on Yemen airspace”. 
261. ·  ^ “Zambia Airways re-registers its B737”. ch-aviation GmbH. 26 October 2023. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023.
262. ·  ^ Jump up to: ^a b “flyafrica.com and fastjet give Zimbabwe its first taste of LCCs with local start-up”. Centre for Aviation. 2 July 2014. Archived from the original on 2 July 2014. Government-owned flag carrier Air Zimbabwe currently operates only two international routes although it has been trying for some time to resume more international services.

3.2 中文词条

1. ^ Morris, Hugh. The slow death of the flag carrier: Could state-owned airlines become a thing of the past?. The Telegraph. 17 March 2019. （原始内容存档于12 January 2022） （英国英语）. Malaysia is the latest nation to see its flag carrier – a label that in times gone by indicated a government-owned airline, and one that embodied a country’s national identity – teeter on the brink.
2. ^ flag carrier. BusinessDictionary.com.  [2012年6月8日]. （原始内容存档于2013年10月23日） （英语）.
3. ^ 跳转至： ^3.0 3.1 Hanlon, Pat. Global Airlines – Competition in a transnational industry. 英国牛津: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd. 1996年. ISBN 0 7506 1927 9.
4. ^ The Unfriendly Skies of Legacy Carriers. 华尔街日报. 2015-09-03 [2016-12-06]. （原始内容存档于2020-05-17） （英语）.
5. ^ Participaciones significativas – Iberia. Grupo Iberia.  [2015-07-08]. （原始内容存档于2009-02-25） （西班牙语）.
6. ^ 《世界货运航空公司》，世界民航杂志出版，Manuel Negrerie著

3. 外部链接

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Flag carrier.
参考译文：维基媒体共享有与“载旗航空”相关的媒体。

• Wright State University（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Sample Federal funds usage for air carriers.
• International Air Transport Association（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Organisation formerly responsible for managing air services agreements and international fares.