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本文基于英文词条的线索,并补充部分来自中文词条的内容。辽观搬运时进行了必要的合规化处理,以使其能够在中国内地上传。维基百科(Wikipedia)是美国维基媒体基金会的互联网百科项目,其内容可能受到立场、信息来源等因素影响,请客观看待。正文内容不代表译者观点。
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目录
1. 正文(发布于知乎专栏)
第一部分(概况、历史、地理、人口、政治)请点击这里访问
第二部分(经济、教育)请点击这里访问
第三部分(文化、建筑)请点击这里访问
第四部分(体育、购物、交通)请点击这里访问
第五部分 (国际关系、知名市民、在流行文化中) 请点击这里访问
2. 参见(维基百科的相关词条)| See also
- World’s busiest ports, by type of port (a “list of lists”)【世界最繁忙的港口,按港口类型分】
3. 参考文献
3.1 中文词条
- College van b en w [Board of mayor and aldermen]. Gemeente Rotterdam. [2014-12-10]. (原始内容存档于2015-01-01) (荷兰语).
- ^ Kerncijfers wijken en buurten [地区关键统计数字]. 荷兰中央统计局统计数据. 荷兰中央统计局. 2013-07-02 [2014-03-12] (荷兰语).
- ^ 跳转至:3.0 3.1 Anita Bouman–Eijs; Thijmen van Bree; Wouter Jonkhoff; Olaf Koops; Walter Manshanden; Elmer Rietveld. De Top 20 van Europese grootstedelijke regio’s 1995–2011; Randstad Holland in internationaal perspectief [Top 20 of European metropolitan regions 1995–2011; Randstad Holland compared internationally] (PDF) (技术报告). Delft: TNO. 17 December 2012 [2013-07-25]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-03-03) (荷兰语).
- ^ Postcodetool for 3011AD. Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland. Het Waterschapshuis. [2013-08-20]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26) (荷兰语).
- ^ Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand [Population growth; regions per month]. 荷兰中央统计局统计数据. 荷兰中央统计局. 1 January 2019 [2019年1月1日] (荷兰语).
- ^ Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand [Population growth; regions per month]. CBS Statline. CBS. 26 June 2014 [2014-07-24] (荷兰语).
- ^ Over de Metropoolregio Rotterdam Den Haag. MRDH.nl. 2014 [2014-10-07]. (原始内容存档于2014-10-10). De Metropoolregio Rotterdam Den Haag is het gebied dat nu de huidige stadregio’s Rotterdam en Haaglanden omvat. Binnen dat gebied gaan de 24 gemeenten hun krachten bundelen in het samenwerkingsverband Metropoolregio Rotterdam Den Haag om de internationale concurrentiepositie van de regio te versterken. De Metropoolregio regio heeft 2,2 miljoen inwoners.
- ^ 存档副本. [2012-02-18]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-16).
- ^ Klimaattabel Rotterdam, langjarige gemiddelden, tijdvak 1981–2010 (PDF). Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. [2013-09-10]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-04) (荷兰语).
- ^ Klimaattabel Rotterdam, langjarige extremen, tijdvak 1971–2000 (PDF). Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. [2013-09-10] (荷兰语).[失效链接]
- ^ Kerkelijkheid en kerkbezoek, 2010/2013. Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. [2018-06-19]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-21).
- ^ Witte de With museum. [2008-05-15]. (原始内容存档于2008-05-19).
- ^ Maritiem Museum official site. [2008-05-15]. (原始内容存档于2001-02-20).
- ^ Scheepswerf ‘De Delft’ official site. [2008-05-15]. (原始内容存档于2008-07-05).
- ^ ING building brief. [2008-05-15]. (原始内容存档于2005-03-08).
- ^ Sky Scraper City ING site. [2008-05-15]. (原始内容存档于2007-09-28).
- ^ Sky scraper city project view. [2008-05-15]. (原始内容存档于2008-10-05).
3.2 英文词条
4.1 引用列表
- “College van b en w” [Board of mayor and aldermen] (in Dutch). Gemeente Rotterdam. Archived from the original on 1 January 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ “Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2020” [Key figures for neighbourhoods 2020]. StatLine (in Dutch). CBS. 24 July 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Anita Bouman–Eijs; Thijmen van Bree; Wouter Jonkhoff; Olaf Koops; Walter Manshanden; Elmer Rietveld (17 December 2012). De Top 20 van Europese grootstedelijke regio’s 1995–2011; Randstad Holland in internationaal perspectief [Top 20 of European metropolitan regions 1995–2011; Randstad Holland compared internationally] (PDF) (Technical report) (in Dutch). Delft: TNO. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
- ^ “Postcodetool for 3011AD”. Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland (in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
- ^ “Over de Metropoolregio Rotterdam Den Haag”. MRDH.nl. 2014. Archived from the original on 10 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014. De Metropoolregio Rotterdam Den Haag is het gebied dat nu de huidige stadregio’s Rotterdam en Haaglanden omvat. Binnen dat gebied gaan de 24 gemeenten hun krachten bundelen in het samenwerkingsverband Metropoolregio Rotterdam Den Haag om de internationale concurrentiepositie van de regio te versterken. De Metropoolregio regio heeft 2,2 miljoen inwoners.
- ^ “Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand” [Population growth; regions per month]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 1 January 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
- ^ “Bevolkingsontwikkeling; Regionale kerncijfers Nederland” [Regional core figures Netherlands]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 1 January 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
- ^ Wells, John C. (2008), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.), Longman, ISBN 9781405881180
- ^ Roach, Peter (2011), Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521152532
- ^ “Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand”. CBS StatLine (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
8,219,380 Randstad
2,620,000 Rotterdam-The Hague Metro
1,160,000 Rotterdam Urban
651,446 Rotterdam Municipality - ^ “Top 10 Cities : The Rough Guide to 2014”. Rough Guides. 9 March 2015. Archived from the original on 22 March 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
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- ^ Jan Walburg (1 August 1984). The port of Rotterdam: Gateway to Europe.
- ^ Royal van Gorcum (1999). Dutch Culture in a European Perspective: 1950, prosperity and welfare. “Rotterdam port: Gateway to Europe” (p.151)
- ^ “Gateway to the world: how EU helped Rotterdam to become Europe’s largest port | News | European Parliament”. europarl.europa.eu. 21 February 2014. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
- ^ Vredenbregt, A.H.L.; Van Trierum, M. C. (2012). “7.6: Dating of the occupation and the different occupation phases”. Rotterdam Markthal, Archeological Research (PDF) (in Dutch) (1 ed.). Rotterdam: Bureau Oudheidkundig Onderzoek Rotterdam. p. 81. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 September 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021. The habitation phase […] starts in the middle of the 10th century (circa 950) and continues until […] around the middle of the 11th century (circa 1050-1060). (translated)
- ^ “Geschiedenis van Rotterdam”. Gemeente Rotterdam. 9 March 2015. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
- ^ “Rotterdam – City, Port, History, & Facts”. Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 10 March 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
- ^ “The Witte Huis or White House“. Archived from the original on 20 December 2004. Retrieved 15 May 2008.
- ^ Ruis, Edwin. Spynest. British and German Espionage from Neutral Holland 1914–1918. Brimscombe: The History Press, 2016.
- ^ Evans 2008, pp. 122–3.
- ^ Brongers 2004, (ONR Part III), p. 235
- ^ Amersfoort 2005, p. 369.
- ^ Götzel 1980, pp. 149, 150.
- ^ Helen Hill Miller (October 1960). “Rotterdam – Reborn from Ruins”. National Geographic. 118 (4): 526–553.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Wainwright, Oliver (2013). “Rem Koolhaas’s De Rotterdam: cut and paste architecture”. The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 January 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
- ^ “Heat Stress in Rotterdam”. Spatial adaptation. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
- ^ “Klimaattabel Rotterdam, langjarige gemiddelden, tijdvak 1991–2020” (PDF) (in Dutch). Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
- ^ “Klimaattabel Rotterdam, langjarige extremen, tijdvak 1971–2000” (PDF) (in Dutch). Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 10 September 2013.[dead link]
- ^ “CBS StatLine – Bevolking; leeftijd, herkomstgroepering, geslacht en regio, 1 januari”. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
- ^ “Rotterdam Population 2018 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs)”. worldpopulationreview.com. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
- ^ Gebiedsanalyse 2006, Centrumgebied, Gemeente Rotterdam. Page 7 and 9.
- ^ World Population Review (2019). “Population of Cities in Netherlands (2019)”. Archived from the original on 11 July 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
- ^ The Joseph Rowntree Foundation (2016). “International cities: case studies Rotterdam” (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 July 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Pijbes, Wim (November 2016). “Rotterdam city of culture and tourist destination: a study” (PDF). Retrieved 11 July 2019.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Ad van der Meer and Onno Boonstra, Repertorium van Nederlandse gemeenten, KNAW, 2011.
- ^ Kim Jansen (2010). Muslims in Rotterdam (PDF) (Report). Open Society Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 December 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f “CBS Statline”. opendata.cbs.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 May 2023.
- ^ “Kerkelijkheid en kerkbezoek, 2010/2013”. Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. Archived from the original on 21 June 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
- ^ “1997-2005 – PONLHeritage”. P&O Nedlloyd. Archived from the original on 4 October 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
- ^ “Werkloosheid in Rotterdam KNSexamen: Weblog Inburgering, NT2, examen”. Knsexamen.nl. 23 April 2009. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- ^ “Home”. Port of Rotterdam. Archived from the original on 15 April 2009. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
- ^ “Business School Ranking of the Financial Times 2009”. Rankings.ft.com. Archived from the original on 24 March 2009. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- ^ “Europe | Ranking Web of Hospitals”. hospitals.webometrics.info. Archived from the original on 19 July 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
- ^ “Erasmus University Rotterdam”. Times Higher Education (THE). Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
- ^ “Cinerama Rotterdam (1960 – heden)”. Bioscoop Geschiedenis. Archived from the original on 24 March 2019. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
- ^ Joanna Shapland (Editor)Justice, Community Civil Society: A Contested Terrain (2013), p. 92, at Google Books
- ^ “Rotterdam, Netherlands – We Be High”. Archived from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
- ^ Dee, E.T.C. (2018). Squatting the Grey City. Rotterdam: Cobble Books. p. 256. ISBN 9780244385804.
- ^ “Rotterdam to host Eurovision 2020!”. 30 August 2019. Archived from the original on 2 October 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
- ^ “Official EBU statement & FAQ on Eurovision 2020 cancellation”. 18 March 2020. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
- ^ “Rotterdam returns as Eurovision Song Contest Host City in 2021”. 16 May 2020. Archived from the original on 17 May 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
- ^ “Dates for Eurovision 2021 announced”. 15 June 2020. Archived from the original on 15 June 2020. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
- ^ “Witte de With museum”. Archived from the original on 19 May 2008. Retrieved 15 May 2008.
- ^ “Maritiem Museum official site”. Archived from the original on 20 February 2001. Retrieved 15 May 2008.
- ^ Museum Rotterdam Archived 5 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 25 April 2016.
- ^ Data Omnibus Survey 2016 of the Municipality of Rotterdam.
- ^ A history of Opzoomeren Archived 22 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine (Dutch).
- ^ “Groene daken”. Archived from the original on 29 September 2017. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
- ^ 20161230161647/http://www.nederlandwordtanders.nl/projecten/dakpark-rotterdam/ Article about Dakpark on Nederlandwordtanders.nl
- ^ Robert Muis (ed.). De Doelen Rotterdam will have a green roof with water storage. On: artikel.aspx?ID=49365 Architectenweb Archived 17 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine, June 1, 2021.
- ^ “Rotterdam in de wolken”. Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
- ^ “Manhattan on the Meuse continued”. vesteda.com. Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
- ^ “Zo gaat ‘Manhattan aan de Maas’ eruit zien – RTV Rijnmond”. Rijnmond.nl. Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
- ^ “Vijf must sees in het Manhattan aan de Maas”. 8 November 2014. Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
- ^ “Foto’s: Rotterdam wordt Manhattan aan de Maas”. Metronieuws.nl. 21 November 2013. Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
- ^ “Architecture in Rotterdam”. Archived from the original on 15 December 2016. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
- ^ “Rotterdam – architectural tour – Architecture Tour Amsterdam, Rotterdam Holland and architectural guided travel, tours, excursions, study trips of the Netherlands”. Architecturetours.nl. Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
- ^ “Stunning Structures: The Best of Rotterdam’s Architecture”. Theculturetrip.com. 19 August 2014. Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
- ^ “Architectuur in Rotterdam”. Archived from the original on 25 September 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
- ^ “Architectuur in Rotterdam”. Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
- ^ “Discover the architecture of Rotterdam”. Holland.com. 14 July 2014. Archived from the original on 15 December 2016. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
- ^ “Rotterdam | Buildings”. Emporis. Archived from the original on 24 March 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
- ^ “Rotterdam”. The Skyscraper Center. Archived from the original on 10 September 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
- ^ “Netherlands”. The Skyscraper Center. Archived from the original on 10 September 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
- ^ “MVRDV – Depot Boijmans Van Beuningen”. Mvrdv.nl. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
- ^ “ING building brief”. Archived from the original on 8 March 2005. Retrieved 15 May 2008.
- ^ “Emporis Maastoren”. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
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- ^ “Men’s Eight – Final”. World Rowing. World Rowing.com. Archived from the original on 23 June 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
- ^ “International Film Festival official website”. Archived from the original on 22 October 2006. Retrieved 15 May 2008.
- ^ “Rotterdam Marathon official website”. Archived from the original on 4 October 2006. Retrieved 15 May 2008.
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- ^ “Zomer Carnival official website”. Archived from the original on 22 July 2003. Retrieved 15 May 2008.
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- ^ Rotterdam Netherlands, your guide in and around the city Archived 23 October 2022 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ University of the State of New York Bulletin. University of the State of New York. 1914. p. 58. Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
- ^ History of Rotterdam, NY Archived 26 December 2022 at the Wayback Machine. Consulted 26 December 2022.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae “Rotterdam. Een sterk internationaal merk” (PDF) (PDF) (in Dutch). Rotterdam, The Netherlands: City of Rotterdam. 2008. p. 37. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
- ^ “Rotterdam Wereldstad: Vaste koers, nieuwe ambitities” Archived 28 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine Gemeente Rotterdam, 2009. Blz. 33
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- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Eric Vrijsen (23 September 2008). “De schaamte voorbij: Gaza als zusterstad”. Elsevier (in Dutch). Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Archived from the original on 29 June 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
- ^ “Bayle, Pierre” . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 556–557.
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- ^ Hannay, David McDowall (1911). “Heyn, Pieter Pieterzoon” . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). pp. 437–438.
- ^ “van’t Hoff, Jacobus Hendricus” . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 896–897.
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4.2 来源文献 | Bibliography
See also: Bibliography of the history of Rotterdam
- Amersfoort, H; et al. (2005), Mei 1940 – Strijd op Nederlands grondgebied (in Dutch), SDU, ISBN 90-12-08959-X
- Brongers, E.H. (2004), Opmars naar Rotterdam (in Dutch), Aspect, ISBN 90-5911-269-5
- Evans, Richard J. (2008). The Third Reich at War. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-7139-9742-2.
- Götzel, H (1980), Generaloberst Kurt Student und seine Fallschirmjäger (in German), Podzun-Pallas Verlag, ISBN 3-7909-0131-8, OCLC 7863989
- Lourens, Piet; Lucassen, Jan (1997). Inwonertallen van Nederlandse steden ca. 1300–1800. Amsterdam: NEHA. ISBN 9057420082.
5. 外部链接 | External links
Rotterdam at Wikipedia’s sister projects:【维基百科姊妹项目中的“鹿特丹”】
Media from Commons
Travel information from Wikivoyage
- Rotterdam City Council (English)【鹿特丹市议会网站(英语)】
- Rotterdam Tourism Board【鹿特丹旅游站】
- VisitRotterdam.org (Unofficial)【非官方的“访问鹿特丹”网站】
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