空中客车A340 / Airbus A340 – 中英文维基百科词条融合

By cathayvista区域：欧洲西部（不含独联体国家）, 航空器

本文基于英文词条的线索，并补充部分来自中文词条的内容。辽观搬运时进行了必要的合规化处理，以使其能够在中国内地上传。

中文词条原文链接（无法从中国内地访问）：点击这里访问。
英文词条原文链接（无法从中国内地访问）：点击这里访问。

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辽观提供的翻译仅供参考。文中可能包含无法从中国内地访问的链接。

辽观搬运、翻译、整合的中英文维基百科词条。与原维基百科词条同样遵循CC-BY-SA 4.0协议，在符合协议要求的情况下您可以免费使用其内容（包括商用）。图片和视频可能遵循不同的协议，协议文本请点击这里访问

1. 正文（发布于知乎专栏）

第一部分（概述、发展历程）请点击这里访问

第二部分（设计、运营历史）请点击这里访问

第三部分（子型号）请点击这里访问

第四部分（运营者、事故、技术特征）请点击这里访问

2. 参见（维基百科的相关词条）| See also

Aviation portal【航空主题】

空中客车产品线

Related development 【相关的开发项目】

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era【相似定位、认证和年代的机型】

Related lists【相关列表】

3. 英文词条参考文献 | References

3.1 引用列表（与正文内标号对应）

  1. · “Completion of production marks new chapter in the A340 success story” (Press release). Airbus. 10 November 2011.
  2. · “Airbus orders and deliveries”. Airbus. 31 July 2017. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  3. · Wensveen 2007, p. 63.
  4. · Gunston 2009, p. [page needed].
  5. · Norris & Wagner 2001, p. 18.
  6. · Eden 2008, p. 30
  7. · Norris & Wagner 2001, p. 23.
  8. · Norris & Wagner 1999, p. 59.
  9. · Maynard, Micheline (11 June 2008). “To Save Fuel, Airlines Find No Speck Too Small”. The New York Times.
  10. · “Commercial Aircraft of the World part 2”. Flight International. 17 October 1981. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
  11. · Norris & Wagner 2001, p. 22.
  12. · Kingsley-Jones, Max (4 November 1997). “Airbus A330/A340”. Flight International. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
  13. · Norris & Wagner 2001, pp. 22–23.
  14. · Norris & Wagner 1999, p. 24.
  15. · Norris & Wagner 2001, p. 27.
  16. · Lawrence & Thornton 2005, p. 73.
  17. · Norris & Wagner 2001, p. 24.
  18. · Norris & Wagner 2001, p. 26.
  19. · Norris & Wagner 2001, p. 28.
  20. · Norris & Wagner 1999, p. 67.
  21. · Gunston 2009, p. 201.
  22. · Norris & Wagner 2001, p. 36.
  23. · Norris & Wagner 2001, p. 51.
  24. · Norris & Wagner 2001, p. 52.
  25. · Norris & Wagner 2001, p. 53.
  26. · Norris & Wagner 2001, p. 32.
  27. · Norris & Wagner 2001, p. 55.
  28. · “Timeline 40 Years of Innovation”(PDF). Airbus. Archived from the original(PDF) on 27 May 2011. Retrieved 8 June 2011.
  29. · “Long time coming”. Flight International. 12 June 2001.
  30. · Norris & Wagner 1999, p. 66.
  31. · Norris & Wagner 2001, p. 59.
  32. · Norris & Wagner 2001, p. 65.
  33. · Norris & Wagner 2001, p. 67.
  34. · Norris & Wagner 2001, p. 71.
  35. · David M. North (13 July 1992). “A340 Handling, Cockpit Design Improve on Predecessor A320”. Aviation Week & Space Technology.
  36. · Eden 2008, p. 35.
  37. · Norris & Wagner 2001, p. 72.
  38. · “World ranger” (Press release). Airbus. 16 June 1993. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017.
  39. · Norris & Wagner 2001, pp. 73–74.
  40. · Eden 2008, pp. 29, 37.
  41. · “Boeing 777 Distance and Speed World Records Confirmed” (Press release). Boeing. 29 July 1997.
  42. · Brian Bostick (24 September 2012). “The A340-400X?”. Aviation Week Network.
  43. · “New engine for stretched A340”. Flight International. 6 November 1991.
  44. · Kieran Daly (15 June 1994). “Airbus selects A3XX concept and works to fill gaps in product line”. Flight International.
  45. · “Airliners of the world”. Flight International. 6 December 1995.
  46. · Julian Moxon (24 April 1996). “GE/Airbus sign for A340-600”. Flight International.
  47. · Max Kingsley-Jones; Guy Norris (28 August 1996). “X-tended players”. Flight Global.
  48. · David Learmount (9 October 1996). “Airbus pushes on with new versions of A340”. Flight International.
  49. · “Airliners of the world”. Flight International. 4 December 1996.
  50. · Andrew Doyle (25 February 1997). “Airbus suffers setback as GE walks away from A340-600”. Flight International.
  51. · Julian Moxon (18 June 1997). “Airbus makes Trent 500 deal with Rolls-Royce”. Flight International.
  52. · Max Kingsley-Jones and Kevin O’Toole (17 December 1997). “Airbus board gives the goahead for A340 offspring”. Flight International.
  53. · Max Kingsley-Jones (2 September 1998). “Have four engines, will travel far”. Flight International.
  54. · “Enhanced A340 to take on 777”. Flight International. 29 November 2005.
  55. · Flottau, Jens. “Airbus Bids Adieu to A340, Postpones A350 Delivery.” Archived 14 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine Aviation Week & Space Technology, 14 November 2011.
  56. · Andrea Rothman (10 November 2011). “Airbus’s Longest Plane Proves Short-Lived as A340 Orders Dry Up”. Bloomberg.
  57. · “A340-600 Values Represent Disaster for Owners”. Aircraft Value News. 20 August 2018.
  58. · “A340-300 & B777-200ER Current & Residual Values ‘On Watch’ Status”. Aviation Today. 23 January 2006. Archived from the original on 29 April 2015.
  59. · “Airbus A340”. Aviation Week & Space Technology. 29 October 2007. p. 63.
  60. · “Airbus aircraft 2011 average list prices”(PDF). Airbus. January 2011.
  61. · “Airbus Delays A350-900, Terminates A340.” Archived 21 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine Aviation Week, 10 November 2011. “The company also announced that it is terminating the A340 program, which has not seen any sales recently. All of the 246 Airbus A340-200s and −300s are delivered. Airbus lists 133 orders and 129 deliveries for the A340-500/600 program.”
  62. · Compart, Andrew. “Young at Part”. Aviation Week and Space Technology, 15 April 2013. pp. 44–46.
  63. · “Haunted by old pledges, Airbus aims to boost A340 value”. Reuters. 5 December 2013. Retrieved 15 December 2013.
  64. · “Airbus, engine OEMs make the case for A340 future – Leeham News and Comment”. Leeham. 9 December 2013.
  65. · “Weight in waiting.” Aviation Week and Space Technology, 14 April 2014. pp. 54–55.
  66. · “Corporate Jets > ACJ340”. Airbus. Archived from the original on 18 April 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  67. · Obert 2009, p. 261.
  68. · de Montalk, J.P. Potocki (2001). “New Avionics Systems — Airbus A330/A340”(PDF). CRC Press LLC. Archived from the original(PDF) on 31 March 2016.
  69. · Obert 2009, pp. 261, 448.
  70. · Gunston 2009, p. 188.
  71. · Norris & Wagner 2001, pp. 50–51.
  72. · “Wing Geometry Definitions”. NASA. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  73. · Norris & Wagner 2001, p. 50.
  74. · “A330-300 Dimensions & key data”. Airbus S.A.S. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
  75. · Simona Ciornei (31 May 2005). “Mach number, relative thickness, sweep and lift coefficient of the wing – An empirical investigation of parameters and equations”(PDF). Hamburg University of Applied Sciences.
  76. · Gunston 2009, p. 195.
  77. · “Aircraft Data File”. Civil Jet Aircraft Design. Elsevier. July 1999.
  78. · Norris & Wagner 2001, p. 31.
  79. · Gunston 2009, p. 197.
  80. · “Airbus A330 Wide-Bodied Medium/Long-Range Twin-Engine Airliner, Europe”. Aerospace-technology.com. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
  81. · “A330 Flight deck and systems briefing for pilots”(PDF). Airbus S.A.S. March 1999. p. 173. Archived from the original(PDF) on 28 December 2009. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
  82. · Dubois, Thierry. “Airbus A340: Smart Design.” Archived 13 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine Aviation Today, 1 June 2003.
  83. · Eden 2008, p. 36.
  84. · “A brief history of Virgin Atlantic.” Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Virgin Atlantic, Retrieved: 11 May 2014.
  85. · Zuckerman, Laurence (1 July 1999). “Boeing and Airbus Battle Over Singapore Airline Sales”. The New York Times. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
  86. · “Singapore Airlines A340-500 Flies Into The Record Books”. Archived 22 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine Airbus S.A.S, 4 February 2004.
  87. · “Singapore Air makes longest flight”. CNN. Archived from the original on 25 December 2007.
  88. · Peterson, Barbara (24 October 2012). “Singapore Airlines to End World’s Longest Flight”. The Daily Traveler. Archived from the original on 12 May 2014.
  89. · Doganis 2002, pp. 133–135.
  90. · Lombardo, David A. “Airbus unveils A340-200 bizliner.” Archived 14 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine Aviation International News, 27 May 2008.
  91. · “Bundeswehr will im Eiltempo neue Regierungsflugzeuge anschaffen”. Der Spiegel. 7 March 2008. Retrieved 12 March 2008.
  92. · Osborne, Tony. “French Air Force A400M Breaks Cover.” Archived 14 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine Aviation Week, 17 January 2013.
  93. · “Picture: Former Sultan of Brunei’s unique A340-8000 derivative destined for Saudi Arabian VIP after nine years storage”. Flight International. 7 March 2007. Archived from the original on 14 May 2016.
  94. · Whyte, Alasdair. “Selling a VIP business jet to Colonel Gaddafi.” Archived 16 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine corporatejetinvestor.com, 16 August 2013.
  95. · Michaels, Daniel. “Airlines Cut Long Flights To Save Fuel Costs.” Archived 28 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine The Wall Street Journal, 8 July 2008.
  96. · Airlines curb Long Flights to Save on Fuel, The Wall Street Journal, 8 July 2008, pp. B1-B2.
  97. · “Cathay Pacific To Cut Flights To Los Angeles”. The Wall Street Journal. 12 August 2008. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  98. · Broderick, Sean. “A340 Operators Spend On Interiors, Engines.” Archived 14 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine Aviation Week, 23 September 2013. “…Technology, particularly in twinjet airframe and engine design, simply got better. And it doomed almost all quad jets—and certainly those battling twins of comparable capacity—in the process.”
  99. · Carol Matlack. “Airbus’s A340 Resale Value Guarantee Could Cost Billions – Businessweek”. Businessweek.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
  100. · Carol Matlack. “Airbus’s A340 Resale Value Guarantee Could Cost Billions – Businessweek”. Businessweek.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
  101. · Kingsley-Jones, Max. “Emirates begins parting out its A340-500s”. Flightglobal. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
  102. · Haria, Rupa. “Weight in Waiting.” Aviation Week and Space Technology, 14 April 2014. pp. 54–55.
  103. · Gubisch, Michael (2 January 2014). “Snecma to flight-test open rotor on A340 in 2019”. Flight International. Archived from the original on 14 May 2016.
  104. · Warwick, Graham (19 June 2013). “Snecma Prepares For Crucial Open-rotor Tests”. Aviation Week. Archived from the original on 14 May 2016.
  105. · aero.de (German) 21 January 2021
  106. · “Lufthansa to Remove 5 Airbus A340-600s from Desert Storage”. simpleflying.com. 25 June 2021.
  107. · “A New Coat of Paint Shows Lufthansa’s Commitment to the A340”. 16 February 2021.
  108. · “Lufthansa Doesn’t Intend to Resume Airbus A340-600 Flights”. 22 January 2021.
  109. · Spalding, Katie (26 November 2021). “Airbus 340 Plane Lands In Antarctica For First Time In History”. IFL Science. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  110. · “A340 Family: Versatility on long-range and ultra-long-range flights”. Airbus. 16 January 2022.
  111. · “ASN Aviation Safety Database – A340”. Aviation Safety Network. 11 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  112. · “ICAO Document 8643”. International Civil Aviation Organization. Archived from the original on 30 August 2011. Retrieved 9 February 2011.
  113. · “A330/A340 family: Twin-and four-engine efficiency”. Airbus. Archived from the original on 19 November 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2010.
  114. · “Product Catalog”. Honeywell. Archived from the original on 12 July 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2010.
  115. · “Conviasa to End World’s Last A340-200 Passenger Service”. Airwaysmag.com. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  116. · “The Market for Large Commercial Jet Transports 2011–2020” Archived 29 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Forecast International, July 2011.
  117. · “Boeing: 777 way much better than A330”. 8 December 2010.
  118. · “World Airline Census 2018”. Flightglobal.com. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  119. · “Product Catalog”. Honeywell. Archived from the original on 12 July 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2010.
  120. · “A340-500 Specifications”. Airbus. Archived from the original on 22 January 2011.
  121. · Clark, Andrew (29 June 2004). “Record longest flight flies in the face of its critics”. The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 3 February 2010.
  122. · Bachman, Justin (21 October 2013). “The End of the World’s Longest Nonstop Flights”. Bloomberg. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
  123. · Andrew Clark (11 May 2004). “Airline’s new fleet includes a cupboard for corpses”. The Guardian. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
  124. · “Singapore Airlines To Launch World’s Longest Commercial Flights”. Singapore Airlines. Singapore Airlines.
  125. · Jetphotos Airbus A340-541HGW HS-TLD Archived 19 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine JetPhotos.net
  126. · Kingfisher Purchases Five Airbus A340-500 Archived 12 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine flykingfisher.com
  127. · “Kingfisher grows its Airbus fleet with purchase of five A340-500” (Press release). Airbus. 24 April 2006. Archived from the original on 3 December 2010. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
  128. · “Airbus, engine OEMs make the case for A340 future – Leeham News and Comment”. 8 December 2013.
  129. · James Pearson (7 October 2021). “All Gone: There Are No More Airline Airbus A340-500 Flights”. Simpleflying.
  130. · Norris & Wagner 2001, p. [page needed].
  131. · “VIRGIN ATLANTIC’S A340-600 – THE LONGEST PLANE IN THE WORLD – TAKES ITS FIRST COMMERCIAL FLIGHT”. Asiatraveltips.com. 1 August 2002. Retrieved 3 December 2010.
  132. · “Virgin Atlantic’s A340-600 – the Longest Plane in the World – Takes its First Commercial Flight” (Press release). 5 August 2002. Archived from the original on 27 November 2010. Retrieved 3 December 2010 – via Pressreleasenetwork.com.
  133. · Robertson, David (7 April 2007). “Carriers ponder compensation claims against Airbus for overweight aircraft”. The Times. London. Archived from the original on 8 April 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2007.
  134. · “New A340-600 takes to the skies”. 18 November 2005. Archived from the original on 19 May 2006. Retrieved 6 August 2006.
  135. · “Newly certified A340-600 brings 18% higher productivity”. 14 April 2006. Archived from the original on 16 June 2006. Retrieved 6 August 2006.
  136. · “Emirates orders 41 additional Airbus aircraft”. 16 June 2003. Archived from the original on 19 May 2006. Retrieved 6 August 2006.
  137. · “Qatar Airways First Airbus A340-600 Arrives in Doha”. www.qatarairways.com
  138. · Wallace, James; Aerospace, P-I (29 November 2007). “First Boeing jet of many touches down in Qatar”. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
  139. · “Orders & Deliveries”. Airbus. 31 March 2023. Archived from the original on 29 March 2023. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  140. · “Airbus Production List A330, A340”. ABCDlist. 16 January 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  141. · “Airbus A340 Hull Losses”. aviation-safety.net. Flight Safety Foundation. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
  142. · Ranter, Harro. “Airbus A340 database”. aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
  143. · FSF Editorial Staff. “A340 Crew Conducts Emergency Landing With Left-main Gear Partially Extended”(PDF). flightsafety.org. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  144. · Accident description for Airbus A340-311 G-VSKY at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 25 September 2019.
  145. · “Royal Jordanian Airlines JY-AIC (Airbus A340 – MSN 14) (Ex F-GNIB F-OHLP OO-SCW ) | Airfleets aviation”. www.airfleets.net. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
  146. · Accident description for Airbus A340-313X F-GLZQ at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 10 April 2014.
  147. · “TSB advises runway changes in light of Air France crash.” Archived 13 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine CBC News, 12 December 2007.
  148. · Accident description for Airbus A340-642 EC-JOH at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 10 April 2014.
  149. · Stewart, Cameron (12 September 2009). “The devil is in the data”. The Australian. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
  150. · Whinnett, Ellen (12 July 2009). “Emirates pilot in tail strike near-disaster tells his story”. Herald Sun. Archived from the original on 31 December 2012.
  151. · Accident description for Airbus A340-313 D-AIFA at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 25 September 2019.
  152. · Accident description for Airbus A340-211 F-GNIA at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 10 April 2014.
  153. · “Lufthansa A340 Damaged as Frankfurt Airport Truck Catches Fire”. Bloomberg.com. 11 June 2018.
  154. · “Accident survenu le 15 novembre 2007 sur l’aérodrome de Toulouse Blagnac à l’Airbus A340-600 numéro de série 856” [Accident occurred on November 15, 2007 on the Toulouse Blagnac aerodrome on the Airbus A340-600 serial number 856] (PDF) (in French). Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety. ISBN978-2-11-098259-9. Archived from the original(PDF) on 16 November 2009. Retrieved 4 November 2009.
  155. · Kaminski-Morrow, David (10 December 2008). “Violation of test procedures led to Toulouse A340-600 crash”. Flightglobal. Reed Business Information. Archived from the original on 4 January 2013.
  156. · “Toulouse accident occurred as Airbus A340 was exiting engine test-pen”. Flight International. Archived from the original on 11 December 2008. Retrieved 17 November 2008.
  157. · Accident description for Airbus A340-642 F-WWCJ at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 25 September 2019.
  158. · Accident description for Airbus A340-312 4R-ADD at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 10 April 2014.
  159. · “Intelligence failures exposed by Tamil Tiger airport attack”. Jane’s Intelligence Review. 2001. Archived from the original on 25 February 2008.
  160. · “Aircraft Characteristics Airport Planning – A340-200/300”(PDF). Airbus. July 2021. Archived from the original(PDF) on 29 November 2021.
  161. · “Aircraft Characteristics Airport Planning – A340-500/600”(PDF). Airbus. July 2021. Archived from the original(PDF) on 29 November 2021.
  162. · “A340-200”. 16 June 2021., “A340-300”. 16 June 2021., “A340-500”. 16 June 2021., “A340-600”. Airbus. 16 June 2021.
  163. · “Type Certificate Data Sheet A.015 AIRBUS A340 Issue 20”(PDF). European Aviation Safety Agency. 21 October 2010. Archived from the original(PDF) on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
  164. · “Airbus Aircraft Data File”. Civil Jet Aircraft Design. Elsevier. July 1999.

3.2 部分文献的详细来源

4. 中文词条参考文献

  1. · http://www.newsmakertoday.com/airbus-stop-production-a340-aircraft/2266.html （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） “Airbus stop production A340 aircraft”
  2. · 創造歷史 空中巴士A340客機 首次降落南極. [2021-11-26]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-26）.
  3. · ICAO Document 8643. International Civil Aviation Organization. [9 February 2011]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-26）.
  4. · Contrasting fortunes: 1,000 up for A330 as last airline delivery for A340-300 is completed. [2008-10-02]. （原始内容存档于2009-02-10）.
  5. · 存档副本. [2012-04-05]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-28）.
  6. · ASN Aircraft accident 09-AUG-2012 Boeing 777-2H6ER 9M-MRO. Aviation Safety Networks. [2014-03-08]. （原始内容存档于2019-09-20）.
  7. · 浦东机场两架客机剐蹭 马航机翼撞上东航尾翼. 新民晚报. 2012-08-10 [2014-03-08]. （原始内容存档于2014-03-08）.
  8. · “Lufthansa A340 Damaged as Frankfurt Airport Truck Catches Fire”. Bloomberg. 2018-06-11 [2018-06-12]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-12）.

5. 外部链接 | External links

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