蒙巴萨—内罗毕标准轨铁路 ／ Mombasa–Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway – （全文）中英文词条融合

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0. 概述

辽观注：此标题是我们在搬运、整合过程中添加的。

图0-1至0-3（发布于知乎想法）

蒙巴萨－内罗毕标准轨铁路（英语：Mombasa–Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway，简称蒙内铁路，SGR），是肯尼亚境内的一条干线铁路。线路全长472公里，设计年运力2500万吨。[3][4][5]

The Mombasa–Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway is a standard-gauge railway (SGR) in Kenya that connects the large Indian Ocean city of Mombasa with Nairobi, the country’s capital and largest city. This SGR runs parallel to the narrow-gauge Uganda Railway that was completed in 1901[3] under British colonial rule. The East African Railway Master Plan provides for the Mombasa–Nairobi SGR to link with other SGRs being built in the East African Community.[4]
【参考译文】蒙巴萨-内罗毕标准轨距铁路是肯尼亚的一条标准轨距铁路(SGR),连接着印度洋沿岸的大都市蒙巴萨和肯尼亚首都及最大城市内罗毕。这条标准轨铁路与1901年在英国殖民统治下建成的窄轨乌干达铁路平行。东非铁路总体规划规定，蒙巴萨-内罗毕标准轨铁路将与东非共同体正在建设的其它标准轨铁路相连。[4]

At a cost of US$3.6 billion, the SGR was among Kenya’s most expensive infrastructure projects as at the time it was launched. The prime contractor was the China Road & Bridge Corporation CRBC, which hired 25,000 Kenyans to work on the railway. CRBC’s holding company, China Communications Construction Company is contracted to operate the line for its first five years.[5] As of 2020, railway operation expenses exceeded revenues.[6]
【参考译文】SGR的建设成本为36亿美元，是肯尼亚当时最昂贵的基础设施项目之一。主要承包商是中国路桥公司(CRBC)，该公司雇佣了2.5万名肯尼亚人在该铁路上工作。 CRBC的控股公司中国交通建设公司被委托在最初的五年内运营该线路。[5] 截至2020年，铁路运营支出超过了收入。[6]

An extension from Nairobi to Naivasha and Suswa beginning in 2018 was completed in October 2019 extending the line’s length by 120km from its original length of 472km to approximately 592 km (368 mi).[7][8]
【参考译文】内罗毕至奈瓦沙和Suswa的延长线于2018年开始，于2019年10月完成，将该线路的长度从最初的472公里延长到约592公里(368英里)。[7][8]

The first fare-paying passengers boarded the “Madaraka Express” on Madaraka Day (1 June 2017), the 54th anniversary of Kenya’s attainment of self-rule from Great Britain. Commercial freight services began on 1 January 2018.[9] Passenger uptake has exceeded expectations,[10] with the train carrying 2 million riders in the first 17 months of operation.[11] By November 2018, the SGR was operating 30 freight trains and 4 passenger trains per day.[12] Double stack freight trains have run on the line since 2018.[13]
【参考译文】在肯尼亚从英国获得自治权54周年的马拉拉日(2017年6月1日)，第一批付费乘客登上了”马拉拉快车”。商业货运服务于2018年1月1日开始运营。[9]乘客数量超出了预期，[10]火车在运营的前17个月内运送了200万名乘客。[11]截至2018年11月，SGR每天运行30列货运列车和4列客运列车。[12]自2018年以来，双堆栈货运列车一直在该线路上运行。[13]

1. 线路 | Route

图1-1至1-5（发布于知乎想法）

铁路为标准轨，沿线有33个站点，设计运载力2500万吨，为内燃机系统，客运时速120公里、货运时速80公里。总投资38亿美元。蒙内铁路为肯尼亚人提供累计超过3.8万个职位，当地雇员比例约九成，并逐渐提高。[6]全线有98座桥梁，其中最长的是阿西河大桥[7][8][9][3]。

1.1 线路特征

辽观注：此标题是我们在搬运、整合过程中添加的。

The Mombasa-Nairobi SGR generally runs parallel to the Uganda Railway, a metre-gauge that was built during British colonial rule.[14] The SGR, however, has a straighter alignment that accommodates higher speeds. Because of the rough and hilly terrain, large portions of the SGR were built on viaducts and embankments and in cuttings.
【参考译文】内罗毕-蒙巴萨标准轨铁路通常与乌干达铁路平行，这是在英国殖民统治期间建造的一米轨距铁路。[14]然而，SGR具有更直的线路以适应更高的速度。由于地形崎岖多山，SGR的大部分都建在高架桥、路堤和路堑上。

For example, the Uganda Railway tackled the hilly terrain near Mazeras township by using a spiral. In contrast, the SGR passes through this area on two bridges, with the 43.5 metres (142 ft 9 in) high Mazeras-2 bridge being the highest one on the route. As it approaches Nairobi, the SGR crosses the 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) Athi River Super Bridge, which at the time of its completion was the sixth-longest bridge in Africa. The SGR has a total of 98 bridges.[15]
【参考译文】例如，乌干达铁路通过使用螺旋线来解决Mazeras镇附近的山地地形。相比之下，SGR通过两座桥梁穿过这个地区，其中43.5米（142英尺9英寸）高的Mazeras-2桥是路线上最高的一座。随着它接近内罗毕，SGR越过了2.6公里（1.6英里）的Athi河超级大桥，该桥在建成时是非洲第六长的桥梁。SGR共有98座桥梁。[15]

Another purpose of the SGR’s viaducts and embankments is environmental protection. The SGR passes through the transportation corridor between Tsavo East National Park and Tsavo West National Park, which is also host to the Nairobi–Mombasa Road and the Uganda Railway. Because the road and metre-gauge railway were built at ground level, collisions with wildlife can occur.[16] Viaducts and embankments elevate the SGR above ground level, with underpasses allowing wildlife to pass safely underneath.[16][17]
【参考译文】SGR的高架桥和路堤的另一个目的是环境保护。 SGR穿过Tsavo东部国家公园和Tsavo西部国家公园之间的交通走廊，这也是内罗毕-蒙巴萨公路和乌干达铁路的所在地。由于道路和米轨距铁路建在地面水平上，因此可能会与野生动物发生碰撞。[16]高架桥和路堤将SGR提升到地面水平以上，地下通道允许野生动物安全通过。[16][17]

Passenger trains run between Mombasa Terminus in Miritini and Nairobi Terminus in Syokimau, near the Jomo Kenyatta International Airport.[18]
【参考译文】客运列车在Miritini的蒙巴萨终点站和Jomo Kenyatta国际机场附近的Syokimau的内罗毕终点站之间运行。[18]

Freight services are provided between Port Reitz, just west of Mombasa Island, and the inland container depot in the Embakasi division of Nairobi.[19]
【参考译文】在蒙巴萨岛以西的Reitz港口和内罗毕恩巴卡西地区的内陆集装箱货运站之间提供货运服务。[19]

1.2 未来路网

按规划，铁路未来将延伸至乌干达，再分两路，一路向北至南苏丹，另一路向南通往卢旺达、布隆迪、坦桑尼亚等国。

2016年10月19日，内罗毕－马拉巴标准轨铁路（内马铁路）项目第一期正式开工。内马铁路连接蒙巴萨－内罗毕标轨铁路（蒙内铁路）和肯尼亚西部边境城镇马拉巴（英语：Malaba, Uganda），正线里程全长487.5公里。内马铁路由中国交建以集设计、施工、采购、运营维护一体化的EPC总承包方式实施，并采用中国标准设计。项目建成后，将以货运为主，兼有客运业务，货车最高行驶速度为80千米/小时，客车最高行驶速度为120千米/小时。分三期实施：

  • 第一期：内罗毕至奈瓦沙段施工线路全长120.4公里，合同工期为54个月。项目第一期将建设4座隧道，其中1号隧道长度为4.5公里，建成后将成为东非地区最长的隧道。2019年10月16日，耗资15亿美元的内马铁路一期通车。[24]
  • 第二期：奈瓦沙至基苏木段
  • 第三期：基苏木至马拉巴（英语：Malaba, Uganda）段

2. 客运车站 | Passenger Stations

There are nine passenger stations between Mombasa and Nairobi. Each station’s architecture is inspired by local elements.[20]
【参考译文】蒙巴萨和内罗毕之间有九个旅客车站。每个车站的建筑都受到当地元素的启发。[20]

Station（车站）Architecture（建筑）
Mombasa Terminus
【蒙巴萨终点站】		Concentric circles and a central tower, representing a ripple in the ocean.
【参考译文】同心圆和中央塔，象征着海洋中的涟漪。
MariakaniPorticos are inspired by coconut trees, which are plentiful in the region.
【参考译文】门廊的设计灵感来自椰子树，该地区椰子树很多。
MiasenyiWhite and brown stripes, inspired by the stripes of a zebra.
【参考译文】白色和棕色条纹，灵感来自斑马的条纹。
VoiV-shaped like a person with raised hands, representing the spirit of Harambee. V is also the first letter of Voi.
【参考译文】V形，像举起双手的人一样，象征着哈拉姆比精神。 V也是Voi的第一个字母。
Mtito AndeiSloping roofs, representing Mount Kilimanjaro and the Chyulu Hills.
【参考译文】倾斜的屋顶，象征着乞力马扎罗山和丘鲁山。
KibweziBased on traditional African architecture, with leaves that shade passengers from the sun.
【参考译文】基于传统的非洲建筑风格，用树叶为乘客遮挡阳光。
EmaliA closed fist, representing unity.
【参考译文】紧握的拳头，象征着团结。
Athi RiverShaped like the region’s hills.
【参考译文】形状像该地区的山丘。
Nairobi Terminus
【内罗毕终点站】		Two trains with a bridge on top.
【参考译文】两辆火车上面有一座桥。

Passengers can transfer at Nairobi Terminus to metre-gauge trains into the Nairobi city centre.[18] Although they are designated as terminals, the Mombasa and Nairobi stations were built as through stations and were originally designated Mombasa West Station and Nairobi South Station.[19] When Phase 2 of the SGR is completed, trains will continue through the Nairobi station to the Uganda border.
【参考译文】乘客可以在内罗毕终点站换乘米轨列车进入内罗毕市中心。[18]尽管它们被指定为终点站，但蒙巴萨和内罗毕车站实际上是通过站，最初分别被命名为蒙巴萨西站和内罗毕南站。[19]当SGR第二阶段完工后，列车将继续通过内罗毕站前往乌干达边境。

3. 技术指标 | Specifications

Kenya is a member of the Northern Corridor Integration Project (NCIP), which has selected the Chinese National Railway Class 1 standard for its railways. The adoption of a common standard allows for seamless integration between the railways of NCIP countries.[21]
【参考译文】肯尼亚是北部走廊一体化项目(NCIP)的成员之一，该项目已选择中国国家铁路一级标准作为其铁路标准。采用通用标准可以实现NCIP国家之间铁路的无缝整合。[21]

  • Gauge: Standard-gauge
    【轨距：标准轨距】
  • Couplers: Janney AAR
    【车钩：詹式车钩】
  • Brakes:
    Air【制动：空气制动】
  • Electrification: None, in planning
    【电气化：无，计划中】
  • Design capacity: 22 million tonnes per year[19]
    【设计能力：2200万吨/年[19]】
  • Structure gauge: Sufficient for double-stack containers[22]
    【结构尺度：足以容纳双层集装箱[22]】

4. 历史 | History

图3-1至3-4（发布于知乎想法）

肯尼亚的蒙巴萨-内罗毕米轨铁路，是在英属殖民地时代建设，已有百年历史，且年久失修。2016年蒙巴萨-内罗毕的旅客列车需运行24小时。而在1990年代早期列车时刻表仅需12小时。[15]蒙巴萨港到内罗毕的铁路年货运量从1980年代初期的480万吨下降到2012年的150万吨。[16] 2014年，运营商裂谷铁路公司（英语：Rift Valley Railways Consortium）报亏150万美元。[17]

At the same time, the Chinese government was funding railway construction in other African countries. In 2011, Kenya signed a memorandum of understanding with the China Road & Bridge Corporation to build a standard-gauge railway between Mombasa and Nairobi. The US$3.6 billion railway was the largest infrastructure project in Kenya since independence.[25] Financing was finalised in May 2014, with the Exim Bank of China extending a loan for 90 percent of the project cost and the remaining 10 percent coming from the Kenyan government.[26][27] 25,000 Kenyans were hired to work on the project.[28]
【参考译文】同时，中国政府也在资助其他非洲国家的铁路建设。2011年，肯尼亚与中国路桥公司签署了一份谅解备忘录，计划在蒙巴萨和内罗毕之间修建一条标准轨距的铁路。这条价值36亿美元的铁路是肯尼亚自独立以来最大的基础设施项目。[25] 2014年5月，该项目的融资最终敲定，中国进出口银行为项目提供了90%的贷款，剩余的10%由肯尼亚政府提供。[26][27] 该项目共雇佣了2.5万名肯尼亚人。[28]

2014年5月中国国务院总理李克强与东非国家领导人在内罗毕签署协议，中方同意出资援建一条新的东非铁路，最终连接东非六国，蒙内铁路即为起始段。[6]中国交通建设股份有限公司所属中国路桥工程有限责任公司总承包，采用“中国标准、中国技术、中国装备、中国管理”建设。2011年与肯尼亚政府签署了谅解备忘录。2013年11月28日，肯尼亚总统乌胡鲁·肯雅塔、副总统威廉·卢托、交通与基础设施部部长迈克尔·卡马乌以及来自乌干达、卢旺达、南苏丹的政府相关部门负责人、中国驻肯尼亚大使刘光源、中国交建董事长刘起涛共同出席蒙内铁路开工仪式。2014年5月达成财务安排协议，[18] 总投资38亿美元，其中90%由中国进出口银行提供信用贷款，10%为肯尼亚财政资金。[19]肯尼亚设立专门的海关税种基金进行还税担保。

为了保证公平，聘用中、肯劳工比例为1:10，25,000名肯尼亚工人也受雇参与建设。[20] 2014年9月正式开工，全线分为9个标段，20多个建筑营地。原计划工期5年。2016年12月完成铺轨，2017年6月开通试运营。2018年1月商业运营。[4]中国交建将负责五年的运营，[21]之后会逐渐交由肯亚方掌管营运的模式与方向。

2017年5月31日，由肯尼亚总统肯雅塔主持通车仪式，并亲自试乘列车，中国国务委员王勇作为国家主席习近平的特使出席仪式。首发列车由肯尼亚史上首批女司机驾驶。中国驻肯大使刘显法指项目是中国实施“一带一路”倡议和中非合作论坛十大合作计划的重要早期收获。[22][23]

5. 车辆 | Rolling Stock

添加图片注释，不超过 140 字（可选）

In 2022 500 addional freight wagons were ordered to increase capacity.[34]
【参考译文】在2022年，为了增加运力，又订购了500辆额外的货运车厢。[34]

6. 资金 | Financing

The project cost of the first phase of the SGR from Mombasa to Nairobi was 90% financed by the Export-Import Bank of China. The remainder of the project cost was funded by the Kenyan government. The $3.23 billion financing from Exim was finalised in May 2014. Exim advanced the loan amount in two subsidized loans of US$1.63 billion each. One of the loans was a foreign aid loan provided on a concessional basis (very low interest rate) while the other was a below-market rate preferential export buyer’s credit.[35] A condition imposed by the Kenyan government for the financing was 40% of the total project costs or about 130 billion Kenyan shillings would be spent on local supplies including sand, cement, electric cables, galvanised iron and steel.[36]
【参考译文】从蒙巴萨到内罗毕的SGR一期项目成本由中国进出口银行提供了90%的资金。其余的项目成本由肯尼亚政府提供资金。2014年5月，中国进出口银行完成了32.3亿美元的融资。中国进出口银行以两笔补贴贷款的形式提前发放了这笔贷款，每笔为16.3亿美元。其中一笔是外国援助贷款，以优惠条件（非常低的利率）提供，另一笔则是低于市场利率的优惠出口买方信贷。[35] 肯尼亚政府对融资提出的一个条件是，总项目成本的40%或约1300亿肯尼亚先令将用于当地供应，包括沙子、水泥、电缆、镀锌铁和钢。[36]

A condition by Exim Bank for the loan was to have an operator acceptable to the bank for the initial phase of operations, which led the Kenyan government to reject a planned international tender and to contract the mother company of CRBC.[37]
【参考译文】根据中国进出口银行的条件，贷款的运营方必须得到该银行对初期运营的批准，这导致肯尼亚政府拒绝了一项计划中的国际招标，并与肯尼亚铁路公司签订了合同。[37]

In January 2020, Business Daily Africa reported that the second loan, related to the Nairobi-Naivasha section of the Kenyan SGR, amounting to $1.482 billion, with a five-year grace period, fell due in January 2021. It attracts an interest rate of approximately 3.34 percent per annum and will be due in 30 semi-annual installments, beginning on 21 January 2021 until 21 July 2035.[38]
【参考译文】2020年1月，《非洲商业日报》报道称，与肯尼亚SGR的内罗毕-奈瓦沙段相关的第二笔贷款，金额为14.82亿美元，有五年的宽限期，于2021年1月到期。该贷款的年利率约为3.34％，将分为30个半年期分期偿还，从2021年1月21日开始，到2035年7月21日结束。[38]

7. 争议

On July 22, 2020, Mohammed Abdalla Swazuri, the chairman of National Land Commission, and Atanas Kariuki Maina, managing director of the Kenya Railways Corporation, were among 18 officials, businesspeople and companies arrested on corruption charges involving land allocation for the $3 billion flagship Nairobi-Mombasa railway. [39]
【参考译文】2020年7月22日，国家土地委员会主席Mohammed Abdalla Swazuri和肯尼亚铁路公司总经理Atanas Kariuki Maina等18名官员、商人和公司因涉嫌在价值30亿美元的旗舰项目内罗毕-蒙巴萨铁路的土地分配中腐败而被逮捕。[39]

肯尼亚政府认为蒙内铁路每年将为该国贡献1.5%的经济增长，可在4年内偿还贷款。不过，肯尼亚经济学院院长奥维诺表示，东非经济增长正在逐渐停滞，质疑肯尼亚政府的计划将很难实现。[25]

2016年肯尼亚民众抗议铁路阻碍动物迁徙，请愿信要求铁路工程改变施工线路[26]。中国外长王毅称，铁路全线设置14处野生动物通道，“长颈鹿穿过可以不低头、不弯腰，那是一幅多么美妙的人与自然和谐相处的景象”。[6]

据肯尼亚运输部数据，蒙内铁路营运首年有98.9亿肯尼亚先令亏损，主要原因是货运量偏低，首个财政年度仅有990,488吨。当局预期随着货运量上升，蒙内铁路在2018/19年度可以取得盈利。[27]2018年铁路货运量增加至超过400万吨，预计2019年上升至500万吨。[28]

2019年8月3日，肯尼亚税务局和肯尼亚港务局发出通告，规定自8月7日起所有从蒙巴萨港进口的货物，若是运往内罗毕或更远地点的话，必需经蒙内铁路运送。[29]一些进口商表示新措施使他们的运输成本增加一半，包括出动货车到火车站取货转运至目的地的开支和仓库储存费。[28]截至2020年5月的3年内，肯尼亚的标准轨铁路录得超过210亿肯尼亚先令营运亏损。[30

8. 运营 | Operation

The railway is owned by the Kenya Railways Corporation (KRC), a state-owned corporation of Kenya. It contracts the operations and maintenance of the line to the Africa Star Railway Operations Company (Afristar), a subsidiary of the China Road and Bridge Corporation (CRBC), and the primary constructor of the line. Afristar was given the legal right to the first ten years of operation of the SGR, with an interim review set for the end of the fifth year of the contract.[40][41] While many of the employees working on the SGR are Kenyans, as of July 2018 Chinese workers still occupied most of the critical positions, including dispatchers and locomotive drivers. This sparked political controversy in Kenya, as after one year of operations a full handover to Kenyans was yet to take place.[42][43] The Kenya Transport Ministry explained that a full handover would occur in 2027, according to the current agreement;[44] later, the interim review was initiated to study the feasibility of transferring critical positions to the Kenya Railways Corporation, which successfully negotiated takeover shifting towards an earlier date of May, 2022 with the CRBC.[40] Kenyans will gradually take over all positions on the SGR, completing the full takeover in 2022. During the transition period in June, 2021, the Kenya Railroad Company had already taken over the ticketing, security, and refuelling departments.[45]
【参考译文】这条铁路由肯尼亚国有公司肯尼亚铁路公司（KRC）拥有。它将线路的运营和维护合同交给了非洲之星铁路运营公司（Afristar），这是中国路桥工程有限责任公司（CRBC）的子公司，也是该线路的主要建设者。Afristar被赋予了SGR前十年运营的法律权利，并在合同第五年结束时进行了中期审查。[40][41] 尽管许多在SGR上工作的雇员是肯尼亚人，但截至2018年7月，中国工人仍然占据了大多数关键职位，包括调度员和机车司机。这引发了肯尼亚的政治争议，因为运营一年后，尚未完全移交给肯尼亚人。[42][43]肯尼亚交通部门解释说，根据现有协议，全面移交将在2027年发生；[44]后来，为了研究将关键职位移交给肯尼亚铁路公司的可行性，开始了中期审查，肯尼亚铁路公司与CRBC成功谈判，接管日期提前到2022年5月。[40]肯尼亚人将逐渐接管SGR上的所有职位，于2022年完成全面接管。在2021年6月的过渡期间，肯尼亚铁路公司已经接管了票务、安全和加油部门。[45]

In 2018, the railway handled 1.6 million passengers and 5 million tonnes of freight.[46] In 2019, the government required all cargo being cleared in the port in Mombasa to be handled by the railway, leading to protests from cargo transporters.[47] According to a contract between the Exim bank, Kenya Railways Corporation, and Kenya Ports Authority, the KPA must provide 1 million tonnes of freight at the start of the operation, rising to 6 million by 2024.[48]
【参考译文】2018年，这条铁路共运送了160万名乘客和500万吨货物。[46] 2019年，政府要求所有在蒙巴萨港口清关的货物都必须由这条铁路处理，引发了货物运输商的抗议。[47] 根据中国进出口银行、肯尼亚铁路公司和肯尼亚港口管理局之间的合同，KPA必须在运营开始时提供100万吨货物，到2024年将增加到600万吨。[48]

A. 参见（维基百科的相关词条）

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mombasa-Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway.
【参考译文】维基共享资源拥有与蒙巴萨-内罗毕标准轨铁路相关的多媒体资源。

B. 参考文献

B.1 英文词条引用列表

  1. ·  “Chinese firm lends Kenya Sh25bn to electrify SGR”. 27 December 2020. 
  2. ·  “Mombasa-Nairobi electrification contract signed”. 8 February 2018. 
  3. ·  R. T. Ogonda (1992). “Transport and Communications in the Colonial Economy”. In W. R. Ochieng; R. M. Maxon (eds.). An Economic History of Kenya. Nairobi: East African Educational Publishers. p. 131. ISBN 978-9966-46-963-2. 
  4. ·  China Railway to Link Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and South Sudan 
  5. ·  Sh10.1bn SGR revenues revealed, Daily Nation Kenya 7 December 2019
  6. ·  Ian Gorecki (24 September 2020). “Kenya’s Standard Gauge Railway: The Promise and Risks of Rail Megaprojects”. Africa Up Close. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Retrieved 16 October 2022. While revenues are up, the system is still running at a loss 
  7. ·  “Chinese firm commences laying of tracks at Kenya’s extended SGR – People’s Daily Online”. en.people.cn. Retrieved 25 November 2023. 
  8. ·  Briginshaw, David (17 October 2019). “Kenyan president opens standard-gauge extension”. International Railway Journal. Retrieved 25 November 2023. 
  9. ·  “Mombasa – Nairobi standard gauge freight service launched”. Railway Gazette International. 3 January 2018. Retrieved 19 February 2019. 
  10. ·  Erick Kombo Ndubi (5 November 2018). “VIP treatment for loyal nurse as Madaraka Express hits 2 million passenger mark”. Tuko. Retrieved 19 February 2019. 
  11. ·  Moses Omusula (3 November 2018). “SGR train clocks 2 million passengers”. The Standard. Nairobi. Retrieved 19 February 2019. 
  12. ·  Sanga, Benard (26 November 2018). “SGR set to transport 8 million tonnes of cargo”. The Standard. 
  13. ·  “SGR launch double-stack freight trains to boost efficiency at Mombasa Port”. 
  14. ·  Daniel Knowles (July–August 2016). “Journeys: The lunatic express”. 1843 Magazine. The Economist. 
  15. ·  Simon Ciuri. “Breathtaking and hair-raising scenery of Kenya’s Standard Gauge Railway (photos)”. tuko.co.ke. Retrieved 23 January 2017. 
  16. ·  Buffalo, Built by (24 May 2015). “Bull Elephants Killed By Train”. Sheldrick Wildlife Trust. The Mombasa-Nairobi transport corridor divides East and West Tsavo, and wildlife, including Tsavo’s elephant populations, frequently have to cross both the busy road and railway as they move from one area to another. Already this year at least 7 elephants have lost their lives in Tsavo alone due to accidents on the road and railway. … The new railway will be raised off the ground by 4 metres and punctuated by tunnels for wildlife to pass through, so hopefully its construction will reduce the number of fatalities. 
  17. ·  Gilbert Koech (29 December 2016). “Jumbos using underpasses in Tsavo”. The Star. 
  18. ·  Sandra Chao-Blasto; Kiarie Njoroge (13 January 2016). “Mombasa SGR passengers to change trains at Syokimau”. 
  19. ·  “Mombasa-Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway Project”. Railway Technology. Retrieved 4 December 2016. 
  20. ·  Peter Muiruri (3 April 2017). “Inspiration behind Standard Gauge Railway stations”. The Standard. 
  21. ·  “Information about Standard Gauge Railway” (PDF). Uganda Ministry of Works, Transportation and Communication. 7 April 2017. Date found at introductory page: http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1450522/information-about-standard-gauge-railway {{cite web}}: External link in |quote= (help)
  22. ·  ·  “Salient features of the standard gauge railway”. Kenya Railways Corporation. Retrieved 22 July 2018. 
  23. ·  David Mugwe (19 August 2013). “Rail transport makes a comeback”. Daily Nation. Nairobi. Retrieved 22 July 2018. 
  24. ·  Patrick Mayoyo; Berber Verpoest; George Turner (22 June 2016). “World Bank looks into case of ‘Embezzlement’ at RVR”. The Observer. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 22 July 2018. 
  25. ·  Inside the SGR, Kenya’s largest and most expensive infrastructure project since Independence. NTV Kenya. 
  26. ·  “Mombasa – Nairobi standard gauge line funding agreed”. Railway Gazette International. 14 May 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2018. 
  27. ·  “Kenya, China sign standard gauge railway agreement”. Daily Nation. 11 May 2014. 
  28. ·  Hou Liqiang (20 September 2015). “Chinese company helps build new railway in Kenya”. China Daily. Archived from the original on 7 October 2015. 
  29. ·  “Kenya opens Nairobi-Mombasa Madaraka Express railway”. BBC News. 31 May 2017. Retrieved 31 May 2017. 
  30. ·  “Diesel locomotives delivered to Kenya”. crrcgc.cc. Retrieved 29 December 2023. 
  31. ·  “蒙内铁路项目第五、六批轨道设备顺利登港” (in Chinese). 中国路桥工程有限公司. 20 March 2017. Archived from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2017. 
  32. ·   “Kenya receives a new batch of freight rolling stock”. railwaypro.com. Retrieved 29 December 2023. 
  33. ·  “Evacuation of cargo via SGR registers significant growth”. kpa.co.ke. Retrieved 29 December 2023. 
  34. ·  “Evacuation of cargo via SGR registers significant growth”. the-star.co.ke. Retrieved 29 December 2023. 
  35. ·  “Truckers lose out under railway financing deal with China”. Business Daily. 24 February 2014. 
  36. ·  “China rail contractor to buy Sh130bn local materials”. Business Daily. 16 June 2014. 
  37. ·  Why Chinese Bank Imposed SGR Line Operator on Kenya, by Kiarie Njoroge in Business Daily, 18 May 2016, 6
  38. ·  Otiato Guguyu (5 January 2021). “Debt pain as payment of Sh162bn Naivasha SGR loan starts”. Business Daily Africa. Nairobi. Retrieved 5 January 2021. 
  39. ·  Mahlo, Humphrey (11 August 2018). “Kenya arrests two top officials for suspected corruption over new $3 billion railway”. Reuters. Archived from the original on 3 January 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2020. 
  40. ·  “Kenya Railways to end SGR contract with Afristar”. International Railway Journal. 12 March 2021. 
  41. ·  OTIENO, BONFACE (5 March 2021). “Kenya Railways starts SGR takeover from Chinese firm”. businessdailyafrica. 
  42. ·   Paul Wafula (7 July 2018). “Exclusive: Behind the SGR walls”. Standard Digital. Nairobi. Retrieved 23 July 2018. 
  43. ·  Patrick Vidija (11 July 2018). “Senate summons Kenya Railways, labour CS over alleged mistreatment of SGR employees”. The Star. Nairobi. Retrieved 23 July 2018. 
  44. ·  Lang’at, Patrick (18 July 2018). “Chinese to work at Kenya’s Standard Gauge Railway till 2027”. Daily Nation. 
  45. ·  “Kenya Railways begins the SGR takeover”. kenyanwallstreet. 5 March 2021. 
  46. ·  Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (10 April 2019). “Leading Economic Indicators January 2019: Passenger and Cargo Movement on the Standard Gauge Railway”. Nairobi. Retrieved 16 April 2019. 
  47. ·  “Kenya forcing importers to use costly new Chinese railway, businessmen say”. Reuters. 3 December 2019. Retrieved 3 December 2019. 
  48. ·  “Kenya forcing importers to use costly new Chinese railway, businessmen say”. Reuters. 3 December 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2020.

B.2 中文词条引用列表

  1. ·  Wesangula, Daniel. SGR promises traffic-free travel to Mombasa island. The Standard. [2017-05-13]. （原始内容存档于2017-03-27） （英语）. 
  2. ·  Airport-like Nairobi railway terminal almost complete. Nairobi News. 6 March 2017 [2017-05-13]. （原始内容存档于2017-05-19）. 
  3. ·  Mombasa-Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway Project. Railway Technology. [4 December 2016]. （原始内容存档于2017-05-17）. 
  4. ·  Mwita, Weitere. Funds for SGR phase II to be in by January 2016, assures state. The Star, Kenya. December 3, 2016 [2017-05-13]. （原始内容存档于2017-06-18）. 
  5. ·  Staff writer. Kenyan standard gauge locomotives unveiled. Railway Gazette. 20 December 2016 [26 December 2016]. （原始内容存档于2017-05-05）. 
  6. ·  明报，《中国援建铁路肯尼亚通车 当地最大基建 东非铁路网起点》，2017年5月31日。
  7. ·  Chao-Blasto, Sandra; Njoroge, Kiarie. Mombasa SGR passengers to change trains at Syokimau. January 13, 2016 [2017-05-13]. （原始内容存档于2017-06-03）. 
  8. ·  Ciuri, Simon. Breathtaking and hair-raising scenery of Kenya’s Standard Gauge Railway (photos). Tuko. [23 January 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-02）. 
  9. ·  Koech, Gilbert. Jumbos using underpasses in Tsavo. The Star, Kenya. 29 December 2016 [2017-05-13]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-02） （英语）. 
  10. ·  SGR Photo Updates. Megaprojects Kenya. [21 May 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016年6月23日）. 
  11. ·  DF7G diesel shunting locomotive. CRRC Qishuyan. [2017-05-13]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-15） （中文（简体））. 
  12. ·  Kenyan standard gauge locomotives unveiled. Railway Gazette. 20 December 2016 [2017-05-13]. （原始内容存档于2017-05-05） （英语）. 
  13. ·  蒙内铁路项目第五、六批轨道设备顺利登港. 中国路桥工程有限公司. 2017-03-20 [2017-05-13]. （原始内容存档于2017-04-21） （中文）. 
  14. ·  中车长江：“超级重载”是怎样炼成的？. [2017-08-26]. （原始内容存档于2017-08-27）. 
  15. ·  Knowles, Daniel. The lunatic express. 1843 Magazine. 3 August 2016 [2017-05-13]. （原始内容存档于2017-05-11）. 
  16. ·  Mugwe, David. Rail transport makes a comeback. Daily Nation. August 19, 2013 [2017-05-13]. （原始内容存档于2016-12-20） （英语）. 
  17. ·  Mayoyo, Patrick. World Bank Looks Into Case of ‘Embezzlement’ At Rift Valley Railways. The Observer (Kampala). 22 June 2016 [2017-05-13]. （原始内容存档于2017-06-07）. 
  18. ·  Kenya, China sign standard gauge railway agreement. Daily Nation. May 11, 2014 [2017-05-13]. （原始内容存档于2017-06-26） （英语）. 
  19. ·  Mombasa – Nairobi standard gauge line funding agreed. Railway Gazette. 14 May 2014 [2017-05-13]. （原始内容存档于2017-06-13）. 
  20. ·  Chinese company helps build new railway in Kenya. China Daily. [2017-05-13]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-07）. 
  21. ·  Maundu, Pius. Mombasa-Nairobi section of the SGR to be complete by June next year. [2017-05-13]. （原始内容存档于2017-03-10）. 
  22. ·  无线新闻，《肯尼亚蒙内铁路通车 肯尼亚塔感谢华参与推动铁路建设》，2017年5月31日。
  23. ·  习近平主席特使、国务委员王勇出席肯尼亚蒙内铁路通车仪式. 新华网. 2017-05-31 [2017-06-01]. （原始内容存档于2017-06-19）. 
  24. ·  Kenya Opens Second Phase of Massive Railway Project. VOA. 2019-10-16 [2020-05-05]. （原始内容存档于2020-02-25）. 
  25. ·  杨眉. 肯尼亞與中國隆重慶祝慶祝蒙內鐵路通車儀式. RFI – 法国国际广播电台. 2017-05-29. （原始内容存档于2019-09-17） （中文）. 
  26. ·  肯尼亚民众抗议中国承建铁路阻碍动物迁徙. BBC news中文. 2016-09-16. （原始内容存档于2017-07-11） （中文（简体））. 
  27. ·  SGR makes Sh10 billion loss in first year. 2018-07-18 [2018-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2018-09-06）. 
  28. ·  肯尼亞中資鐵路 進口商被迫使用反提升運輸成本. 法广. 2019-12-04 [2020-05-05]. （原始内容存档于2020-02-20）. 
  29. ·  Jobs at stake as State issues new order on SGR use. 2019-08-05 [2020-05-05]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-06）. 
  30. ·  SGR reveals Sh21bn loss as China firm debt rises. businessdailyafrica.com. 2020-09-09 [2020-10-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-05）.

C. 外部链接

维基新闻中的相关报导：中国巨资造铁路 肯尼亚人不领情

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