汉莎航空 ／ Lufthansa – 中英文维基百科词条融合

By cathayvista交通运输业, 企业, 区域：欧洲西部（不含独联体国家）, 航空公司

中文词条原文链接（无法从中国内地访问）： 请点击这里访问
英文词条原文链接（无法从中国内地访问）： 请点击这里访问
本文基于英文词条的线索，并补充部分来自中文词条的内容（在二者冲突时，以更晚更新者为准）。辽观搬运时进行了必要的合规化处理，以使其能够在中国内地上传。

维基百科（Wikipedia）是美国维基媒体基金会的互联网百科项目，其内容可能受到立场、信息来源等因素影响，请客观看待。正文内容不代表译者观点。

辽观提供的翻译仅供参考。文中可能包含无法从中国内地访问的链接。

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封面图片：Logo of Lufthansa.（汉莎航空标志）
图片来源：Lufthansa Group 此图片属于公共领域

1. 正文

1.1 主体部分（发布于知乎专栏）

第一部分（概述、历史）请点击这里访问

第二部分（公司事务、目的地）请点击这里访问

第三部分（机队、服务、事故、批评）请点击这里访问

1.2 不便发布的部分

正文7. 批评 | Criticism

7.1 员工关系 | Employment relations

Relations between Lufthansa and their pilots have been very tense in the past years, with many strikes occurring, causing many flights to be cancelled, as well as major losses to the company.[186] A major dispute between Lufthansa and the pilot’s union has been settled after nearly five years and overall 14 strikes in December 2017.[187] Without taking into account the €9 billion bailout from the German government, Lufthansa cut 31,000 jobs in the COVID-19 years.[188] During the 2022 collective bargaining, verdi said that Lufthansa’s wage offer meant real wage losses for employees and called on around 20,000 ground workers in Germany to go on warning strikes.[189]
【参考译文】过去几年，汉莎航空公司与其飞行员之间的关系一直非常紧张，发生了许多罢工事件，导致许多航班被取消，给公司带来了巨大损失。[186] 2017年12月，在经历了近五年和总共14次罢工后，汉莎航空公司与飞行员工会之间的重大纠纷得到了解决。[187] 在不考虑德国政府提供的90亿欧元救助的情况下，汉莎航空在新冠疫情期间削减了3.1万个工作岗位。[188] 在2022年的集体谈判中，verdi表示，汉莎航空的工资提议意味着员工实际工资的减少，并呼吁德国约2万名地面工作人员进行警告性罢工。[189]

7.2 德国之翼危机管理 | Germanwings crisis management

Main article: Germanwings Flight 9525【主条目：德国之翼航空9525航班】

Germanwings was a subsidiary of Lufthansa. Carsten Spohr, Lufthansa’s CEO, oversaw the Germanwings Flight 9525 incident, “the darkest day for Lufthansa in its 60-year history”, when pilot Andreas Lubitz intentionally flew an aircraft into a mountain, murdering 149 passengers.[190]
【参考译文】汉莎航空是德国之翼的母公司。在9525号航班事件中，汉莎航空首席执行官卡斯滕·施波尔负责监督，这是汉莎航空60年历史上“最黑暗的一天”，当时飞行员安德烈亚斯·卢比茨故意驾驶飞机撞向山体，造成149名乘客死亡。[190]

Nonetheless, damage control by Spohr and his team was poor according to several sources, as compared to other CEOs in the face of a major accident, with contradictory information given about the mental health and the airworthiness of the co-pilot Andreas Lubitz. It was revealed that Lubitz suffered from a severe case of depression and mental disorders and had intentionally crashed Germanwings Flight 9525 into the French Alps, killing all 150 aboard. Spohr had misleadingly said the co-pilot “was 100% airworthy without any restrictions, without any conditions”.[191]
【参考译文】然而，据多个消息来源称，与其他面对重大事故的首席执行官相比，施波尔及其团队的损害控制措施不佳，关于副驾驶安德烈亚斯·卢比茨的精神健康和飞机适航性的相互矛盾的信息不断被披露。据报道，卢比茨患有严重的抑郁症和精神障碍，并故意将德国之翼9525航班撞向法国阿尔卑斯山，导致机上所有150人丧生。施波尔错误地说，副驾驶“100%适合飞行，没有任何限制，没有任何条件”。[191]

7.3 全球分销系统附加费 | GDS surcharge

On 1 September 2015, Lufthansa implemented a 16 euro surcharge on Global Distribution System bookings. The surcharge is payable unless tickets are purchased directly from the airline’s website, or at its service centres and ticket counters at the airport. In a statement responding to Lufthansa’s strategy, Amadeus, a travel technology company, said the new model would make “comparison and transparency more difficult because travellers will now be forced to go to multiple channels to search for the best fares.”[192] For the period between 1–14 September, the airline experienced a 16.1% drop in revenue, indicating to some that the new fee backfired, although the airline maintains the statement that the decrease was due to the pilot strike, and “other seasonal effects”.[193]
【参考译文】德国汉莎航空公司于2015年9月1日对全球分销系统（GDS）预订实施了16欧元的附加费。除非直接从航空公司的网站、机场的服务中心和售票处购买机票，否则必须支付这笔费用。在回应汉莎航空的策略时，旅行科技公司Amadeus表示，这种新模式将使“比较和透明度变得更加困难，因为旅客现在将被迫通过多个渠道寻找最佳票价。”[192] 在9月1日至14日期间，该航空公司的收入下降了16.1％，这表明有些人认为新费用适得其反，尽管航空公司坚称收入下降是由于飞行员罢工和“其他季节性影响”。[193]

7.4 遣返航班 | Deportation flights

Pro-migration activists from Germany have criticised Lufthansa for performing deportation flights on behalf of the German government.[194][162] In 2019, 4,573 people were deported on their planes, while their subsidiary Eurowings performed 1,312 deportations.[195] This totals more than 25% of deportations in Germany in 2019. At least two deportees perished during transport.[161][162]
【参考译文】一些支持移民的活动人士批评德国汉莎航空公司代表德国政府执行驱逐航班。[194][162] 2019年，有4,573人被送上飞机驱逐出境，而其子公司欧洲之翼则执行了1,312次驱逐行动。[195] 这占2019年德国驱逐出境人数的25％以上。至少有两名被驱逐者在运送途中死亡。[161][162]

7.5 对纳粹时代过去的处理 | Treatment of Nazi-era past

Lufthansa has been criticized for lack of transparency about the use of more than 10,000 forced laborers, many of them children, by its predecessor company, Deutsche Luft Hansa, during World War II.[32][24]
【参考译文】汉莎航空公司因其前身公司德意志航空在第二次世界大战期间使用超过1万名强迫劳工而受到批评，其中许多是儿童。[32][24]该公司被指责缺乏透明度。

7.6 幽灵航班 | Ghost flights

Lufthansa operated 18,000 empty or near-empty flights in winter 2021–2022 to avoid losing take-off and landing rights at major airports.[196][197]
【参考译文】在2021-2022年冬季，德国汉莎航空公司运营了18,000个空载或接近空载的航班，以避免失去主要机场的起降权。[196][197]

7.7 据称对明显是犹太人的乘客进行集体惩罚 | Alleged collective punishment of visibly Jewish passengers

In 2022, the company allegedly engaged in collective punishment of visibly Jewish passengers. After a small minority of Jewish passengers did not comply with COVID masking rules on a flight from New York to Frankfurt, the company barred over a hundred visibly Jewish passengers from a connecting flight to Budapest. Lufthansa called in dozens of armed federal police to enforce its policy. A supervisor from Lufthansa explained to passengers that “everyone has to pay for a couple” as “It’s Jews coming from JFK. Jewish people who were the mess, who made the problems.”[198][199][200][201] The video of Lufthansa supervisor’s statement has been compared to the treatment of Jews during the Holocaust.[202] Lufthansa confirmed that it barred a group of passengers from the flight.[203]
【参考译文】2022年，该公司被指控对明显是犹太人的乘客进行集体惩罚。在一架从纽约飞往法兰克福的航班上，少数犹太乘客没有遵守COVID口罩规定后，该公司禁止了一百多名明显是犹太人的乘客搭乘飞往布达佩斯的转机航班。汉莎航空召集了数十名武装联邦警察来执行其政策。一名汉莎航空的主管向乘客解释说，“每个人都要为一对夫妇付出代价”，因为“这是来自肯尼迪机场的犹太人。犹太人制造了问题。”[198][199][200][201]汉莎航空主管的言论视频被比作对犹太人在大屠杀期间的待遇。[202]汉莎航空证实它禁止了一群乘客搭乘该航班。[203]

German police reacted with rage when passengers asked “why do you hate us?” and used the word Nazi.[204] The German Federal Police confirmed they were called to “presence” at the scene,[205] and in response to later questions said that “Lufthansa called us and said that some of this group from JFK were not following the rules” and that they “did not make any decision at all about who could fly and who could not. As the police even if we did think that their decision was discriminatory, as the police we can’t then make the decision about who can and who cannot fly.”[206]
【参考译文】当乘客问“为什么你们讨厌我们？”并使用纳粹一词时，德国警方愤怒地做出了反应。[204]德国联邦警察证实他们被要求到现场“出席”，[205]并回应后来的问题说，“汉莎航空打电话给我们说，这群从肯尼迪机场来的人没有遵守规定”，并且他们“根本没有决定谁可以飞，谁不可以飞。作为警察，即使我们认为他们的决定是歧视性的，我们也不能决定谁可以飞，谁不能飞。”[206]

The American Jewish Committee stated that “Banning ALL Jews from a flight because of an alleged mask violation by some Jewish passengers is textbook antisemitism from Lufthansa”.[207][208][209] German MP Marlene Schönberger said that if the reports are true, then “there must be consequences” as “Excluding Jews from a flight because they were recognizable as Jewish is a scandal. I expect German companies in particular to be aware of anti-Semitism.”[209]
【参考译文】美国犹太委员会表示，“因为一些犹太乘客被指控违反口罩规定而禁止所有犹太人搭乘航班是汉莎航空公司典型的反犹主义行为”。[207][208][209]德国议员玛琳·舍恩贝格表示，如果报道属实，那么“必须追究责任”，因为“因为犹太人容易辨认而被排除在航班之外是一种丑闻。我期望德国企业尤其要意识到反犹主义的存在。”[209]

Lufthansa denied its actions were antisemitic saying that “We consider the claim of anti-Semitism to be unwarranted and without merit”.[210] Lufthansa later said it wishes to investigate the incident internally.[209] Lufthansa was condemned by US envoy Deborah Lipstadt who described Lufthansa’s anti-Semitism as “unbelievable”, and stated that her office was in contact with the German government over the incident that involved US citizens.[211]
【参考译文】汉莎航空否认其行为是反犹主义的，称“我们认为反犹主义的指控是没有根据的，没有道理的”。[210]汉莎航空后来表示希望对事件进行内部调查。[209]美国特使Deborah Lipstadt谴责了汉莎航空，称其反犹主义“令人难以置信”，并表示她的办公室正在与德国政府就涉及美国公民的事件进行接触。[211]

In August 2022, as a result of the incident, Lufthansa adopted the IHRA Working Definition of Antisemitism and appointed a senior manager to prevent antisemitism and discrimination.[212][213][214][215]
【参考译文】2022年8月，由于该事件，汉莎航空采用了国际人权观察反诽谤联盟的工作定义反犹太主义，并任命了一名高级经理来防止反犹太主义和歧视。[212][213][214][215]

7.8 禁止在飞机上使用苹果航空标签 | Banning of Apple AirTags on aircraft

In October 2022, Lufthansa banned all Apple AirTags to track traveler’s luggage claiming that they were considered disallowed personal electronic devices.[216] International Air Transport Association (IATA) has not included AirTags or trackers in its Dangerous Goods Regulations manual and Apple rejected this interpretation.[216]
【参考译文】2022年10月，汉莎航空禁止所有苹果AirTags追踪旅客行李，声称这些设备被视为不允许的个人电子设备。[216]国际航空运输协会（IATA）尚未将AirTags或追踪器列入其危险品法规手册中，而苹果公司则拒绝了这一解释。[216]

Commentators noted that this came following numerous reports of lost bags on Lufthansa and it was speculated that Lufthansa took the action to remove empirical evidence for passengers to track their lost luggage.[217] European airports, especially Frankfurt am Main, were highlighted in losing baggage, and this also had forced the German flag carrier to take this decision.
【参考译文】评论员指出，此前有大量报道称汉莎航空公司丢失了行李，有人猜测汉莎航空采取此举是为了消除乘客追踪丢失行李的经验证据。[217]欧洲机场，尤其是法兰克福机场，被强调在丢失行李方面存在问题，这也迫使这家德国旗舰航空公司做出这一决定。

One month later, fellow Star Alliance Member Air New Zealand also issued an advisory against baggage trackers on the “honour system”.[218]
【参考译文】一个月后，星空联盟成员之一的新西兰航空公司也发布了一份关于行李追踪器的”荣誉制度”的咨询报告。[218]

2. 参见 See also（维基百科的相关词条）

3. 参考文献 References

3.1 英文词条引用列表 Citations

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  209. Thaidigsmann, Michael. “Lufthansa: Boarding denied”. Jüdische Allgemeine. Archived from the original on 10 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  210. “Más de 100 judíos ortodoxos de Nueva York son expulsados de un vuelo de Lufthansa por una disputa de mascarillas”. El Diario La Prensa. 9 May 2022. Archived from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  211. “U.S. Envoy Decries ‘Unbelievable’ Antisemitism by Lufthansa in Barring Jews from Flight”. NBC News. 13 May 2022. Archived from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  212. Liphshiz, Cnaan (28 July 2022). “Lufthansa will create a position to fight antisemitism after kicking more than 100 Hasidic passengers off a flight”. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  213. Bloch, Ben (1 August 2022). “Lufthansa to hire antisemitism manager after orthodox passengers barred from flight”. The Jewish Chronicle. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
  214. Zitser, Joshua (28 July 2022). “Lufthansa Barred 100+ Jews From Flight to Hire Antisemitism Officer”. Business Insider. Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  215. Broder, Henryk M. (1 January 1970). “Gelebte Diversität: Wozu braucht die Lufthansa einen Antisemitismus-Beauftragten?”. Die Welt (in German). Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  216. Victor, Daniel (11 October 2022). “Lufthansa Says Passengers Can’t Use Apple AirTags to Track Checked Bags”. The New York Times. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  217. Purdy, Kevin (13 October 2022). “Lufthansa awkwardly abandons AirTag ban after baffling face plant”. Ars Technica. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  218. “Will Air NZ’s ban on AirTags ever fly?”. Information Age. Retrieved 11 January 2024.

3.2 英文词条来源文献 Bibliography

  • Neulen, Hans-Werner (June 2001). “Une grue dans la tempête, Lufthansa dans les
    années 1939/1945″ [A Crane in the Storm, Lufthansa in the Years
    1939/1945]. Avions: Toute l’Aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (99): 30–40. ISSN 1243-8650.
  • Neulen, Hans-Werner (January 2002). “Une grue dans la tempête, Lufthansa dans les années 1939/1945”. Avions: Toute l’Aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (106): 14–26. ISSN 1243-8650.
  • Neulen, Hans-Werner (February 2002). “Une grue dans la tempête, la Lufthansa en guerre: 1941” [A Crane in the Storm, Lufthansa at war: 1941]. Avions: Toute l’Aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (107): 39–51. ISSN 1243-8650.
  • Neulen, Hans-Werner (June 2003). “Une grue dans la tempête, la Lufthansa en guerre: VI: 1944, l’année des accidents et des pertes” [A Crane in the Storm, Lufthansa at war: VI: 1944, a Year of Accidents and Losses]. Avions: Toute l’aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (123): 34–49. ISSN 1243-8650.
  • Neulen, Hans-Werner (August 2003). “Une grue dans la tempête, la Lufthansa en
    guerre: VII: 1945, jusqu’à la fin amère” [A Crane in the Storm,
    Lufthansa at war: VII: 1945, Until the Bitter End]. Avions: Toute l’aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (125): 34–44. ISSN 1243-8650.

3.3 中文词条引用列表

  1. Carsten Spohr – Lufthansa Group. newsroom.lufthansagroup.com. [2020-08-04]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-20）.
  2. Lufthansa Group boosts earnings power and gains altitude互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2014-09-29. March 13, 2014
  3. lufthansagroup company-management. [2023-09-01]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-29）.
  4. Starzmann, Maria Theresia. The Materiality of Forced Labor: An Archaeological Exploration of Punishment in Nazi Germany. International Journal of Historical Archaeology. 2015年9月, 19 (3): 647–663 [2021-11-14]. JSTOR 24572806. S2CID 154427883. doi:10.1007/s10761-015-0302-9. （原始内容存档于2021-11-16） –通过JStor.
  5. St. Endlich, M. Geyler-von Bernus, B. Rossié. Tempelhof – Forced Labourerers. www.thf-berlin.de/en. [2021-11-14]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-14）.
  6. 汉莎为中国提供特殊服务. 环球时报. 2004-06-02 [2013-07-18]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-19）.
  7. Lufthansa reaches agreement on the acquisition of 41 per cent stake in ITA Airways. 汉莎航空. 2023-05-23 [2023-07-31]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-13）.
  8. Lufthansa Airline Profile | CAPA. centreforaviation.com. [2019-11-05]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.
  9. planespotters.net. Lufthansa fleet list. [17 April 2013]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-23）.
  10. Lufthansa Fleet (October 2017), [28 September 2017], （原始内容存档于2018-06-12）
  11. Airfleets: Lufthansa. Airfleets.net. [August 3, 2010]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-03）.
  12. 存档副本. [2013-07-26]. （原始内容存档于2019-12-24）.
  13. Photos: Boeing 767-330/ER Aircraft Pictures. Airliners.net. [2013-03-10]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-05）.
  14. 意外詳情（德文）. [2010-03-30]. （原始内容存档于2007-10-16）.
  15. 意外詳情. [2010-03-30]. （原始内容存档于2007-10-16）.
  16. =1140&modus=search 意外详情[永久失效链接]
  17. Aviation Safety Network的描述. [2010-03-30]. （原始内容存档于2011-09-18）.

4. 外部链接 External links

维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：汉莎航空

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