沃尔沃汽车 / Volvo Cars（全文）- 中英文维基百科词条融合

By cathayvista企业, 全文在本站的词条, 公路交通（汽车）, 制造业, 区域：欧洲西部（不含独联体国家）

中文词条原文链接（无法从中国内地访问）：点击这里访问。
英文词条原文链接（无法从中国内地访问）：点击这里访问。
本文基于英文词条的线索，并补充部分来自中文词条的内容（在二者冲突时，以更晚更新者为准）。辽观搬运时进行了必要的合规化处理，以使其能够在中国内地上传。

维基百科（Wikipedia）是美国维基媒体基金会的互联网百科项目（点击这里了解更多），其内容可能受到立场、信息来源等因素影响，请客观看待。正文内容不代表译者观点。

辽观提供的翻译仅供参考。文中可能包含无法从中国内地访问的链接。

辽观所搬运的词条文本与原维基百科文本同样遵循CC-BY-SA 4.0协议，在符合协议要求的情况下您可以免费使用其内容（包括商用）。 图片可能遵循不同的共享协议，详见：本文涉及的共享协议

维基百科的官方提示：This article is about Volvo Cars. For the separate Swedish-owned manufacturer of heavy trucks, buses, and construction equipment (among others) otherwise known as the Volvo Group (AB Volvo) and which owned the car division until 1999, see Volvo. For other uses of “Volvo”, see Volvo (disambiguation).

参考译文：这篇文章是关于沃尔沃汽车的。沃尔沃集团（AB Volvo）是一家瑞典独资的重型卡车、公共汽车和建筑设备制造商（以及其他产品），直到1999年，它一直拥有汽车部门。如需了解“沃尔沃”的其他用途，请参阅“沃尔沃”（歧义）。
辽观搬运的“沃尔沃集团”词条 请点击这里访问

0. 概述

辽观注：此标题是我们在搬运整合过程中添加的。

图0-1和0-2（发布于知乎想法）

0.1 文字说明

辽观注：此标题是我们在搬运整合过程中添加的。

Volvo Cars (Swedish:Volvo personvagnar, styledVOLVOin the company’s logo) is a Swedish multinational manufacturer of luxury vehicles[3] headquartered inTorslanda,Gothenburg. The company manufactures SUVs,station wagons, and sedans. The company’s main marketing arguments are safety and its Swedish heritage and design.
参考译文：沃尔沃汽车（瑞典语：Volvo personvagnar，公司标志中的VOLVO为风格化写法）是一家瑞典跨国豪华车制造商，总部位于哥德堡的托斯兰达。该公司生产SUV、旅行车和轿车。公司的主要营销要点是安全和瑞典传统与设计。

沃尔沃汽车（香港、澳门特別行政区及台湾又名富豪汽车，台湾俗称瑞典坦克；瑞典语：Volvo personvagnar）是于1927年4月14日在瑞典哥德堡成立的汽车制造商。沃尔沃为拉丁文，意思为“滚动”，是北欧地区第一个汽车品牌。沃尔沃汽车以其安全性和可靠性而闻名，曾开发出许多创新的技术，如三点式安全带、防抱死制动系统和碰撞测试模拟。[1][2]

沃尔沃汽车从1999到2010年曾是福特汽车集团的一部分，随后在2010年被中国吉利控股集团收购。[3] 沃尔沃汽车目前在全球有约4万名员工，在欧洲、北美和亚洲设有生产基地。[1] 沃尔沃汽车计划在2030年之前实现完全电动化，即所有新推出的车型都将是纯电动或插电式混合动力车型。[4]

In March 2021, Volvo Cars announced that it would be a fully electric brand by 2030.[7]In June 2021, Volvo Cars and Swedish battery developer and manufacturer Northvolt announced the intention to establish a 50/50 joint venture consisting of a battery gigafactory and R&D (research and development) center.[8]In December 2021, it was revealed the battery R&D center would be located in Gothenburg.[9]In February 2022, Gothenburg was also chosen as the location for the battery gigafactory.[10]During 2021 and 2022, Volvo Cars transferred its hybrid engine research and production capabilities in Skövde and Zhangjiakou to Aurobay, in a joint venture with Geely.[11]
参考译文：2021年3月，沃尔沃汽车宣布到2030年将成为完全电动品牌。[7] 2021年6月，沃尔沃汽车和瑞典电池开发商和制造商Northvolt宣布成立一家由电池生产工厂和研发中心组成的50/50合资企业。[8] 2021年12月，透露该研发中心将位于哥德堡。[9] 2022年2月，哥德堡还被选为电池生产工厂的地点。[10] 在2021年和2022年期间，沃尔沃汽车将其混合动力发动机研究和生产能力从斯科维德和张家口转移到与吉利的合资企业Aurobay。[11]

Volvo Cars owns 48.3% of Polestar[12] and 30% of Lynk & Co,[12] in addition to 50% of NOVO Energy (electric vehicle batteries), 100% of Zenseact (AD and ADAS software), and 60% of HaleyTek (Android-based infotainment systems).[12]
参考译文：沃尔沃汽车拥有Polestar 48.3%的股份[12]和Lynk & Co 30%的股份[12]，此外还拥有NOVO Energy（电动汽车电池）50%、Zenseact（AD和ADAS软件）100%和HaleyTek（基于Android的信息娱乐系统）60%的股份。[12]

0.2 概况表格

辽观注：此标题是我们在搬运整合过程中添加的。

商号 | Trade nameVolvo Car Group
本土名称 | Native nameVolvo Personvagnar AB
公司类型上市公司（斯德哥尔摩证券交易所）
股票代号OMX: VOLCAR B
成立1927年4月14日
代表人物李书福 (主席/董事长)
骆文襟（Jim Rowan）（总裁兼CEO）
产业汽车制造业
产品乘用汽车，Luxury cars（豪华汽车）
服务范围 | Area servedWorldwide（全世界）
产量 | Production output⬇️ 615,000 vehicles (2022)（2022年：61.5万辆）
营业额 | Revenue⬆️ 330.2 billion kr (2022)【3302亿克朗(2022年)】
总营收（毛利润）| Operating income⬆️ 22.3 billion kr (2022)【223亿克朗(2022年)】
净资产 | Net income⬆️ 17 billion kr (2022)【170亿克朗(2022年)】
总资产 | Total assets⬆️ 330.9 billion kr (2022)【3309亿克朗(2022年)】
总股本 | Total equity⬆️ 117.3 billion kr (2022)【1173亿克朗(2022年)】
所有者 | Owner吉利控股集团82%
员工数量 | Employees⬆️ 46,000 (2022)
子公司 | SubsidiariesLynk & Co（领克） (30%)
Polestar（极星） (48.3%)
NOVO Energy（诺和能源） (50%)
Zenseact（哲晰软件技术有限公司） (100%)
HaleyTek（海利泰克） (60%)
网站 | Websitehttp://volvocars.com

概况表格参考文献：[1][2]

1. 历史 | History

1.1 1927–1999

图1-1和1-2（发布于知乎想法）

沃尔沃的创始人瑞典人古斯塔夫·拉森（Gustaf Larson）和亚沙·盖布列森（Assar Gabrilsson）原为服务于瑞典知名滚珠轴承制造厂SKF的成员之一，其中拉森是工程师，而盖布列森则是经济学出身的国际行销部门经理。

Volvo was founded upon the concept of safety in 1927, in Gothenburg, Sweden:
【参考译文】沃尔沃于 1927 年在瑞典哥德堡创立，以安全理念为基础：

Cars are driven by people. The guiding principle behind everything we make at Volvo, therefore, is and must remain, safety.
— Assar Gabrielsson and Gustav Larson, 1927[13]
汽车是由人驾驶的。因此，沃尔沃公司一切工作的指导原则是安全，并且必须始终如此。

——阿萨·加布里尔森和古斯塔夫·拉尔森，1927年[13]

The company was created as a subsidiary to SKF. Assar Gabrielsson was appointed managing director and Gustav Larson technical manager.
【参考译文】该公司作为SKF的子公司成立。Assar Gabrielsson被任命为董事总经理，Gustav Larson被任命为技术经理。

由于两人对汽车的前瞻性与热情，两人在1925年9月时成功说服SKF的董事会，借到了该公司位于瑞典特斯兰大（Torslanda）的厂房开始测试汽车组装，于1926年8月10日获得授权，正式开始量产。后于1927年4月14日正式上市第一款车型：沃尔沃 OV4，为敞篷车，OV4专为瑞典的气候与地形所设计。

The trademark Volvo (which is Latin for ‘I roll’) was first registered by SKF on 11 May 1915 with the intention to use it for a special series of ball bearing for the American market but it was never used for this purpose (however in the application for the trademark, it was also designated for the purpose of automobiles). The SKF trademark as it looks today was used instead for all the SKF-products. Some pre-series of Volvo-bearings stamped with the brand name ‘Volvo’ were manufactured but never released to the market, and it was not until 1927 that the trademark was used again, now as a trademark and company name for an automobile.
【参考译文】1915年5月11日，SKF首次注册了沃尔沃商标（拉丁语为“我滚动”），打算将其用于美国市场的特殊系列球轴承，但从未用于此目的（但在商标申请中，它也被指定用于汽车）。今天看起来的SKF商标被用于所有SKF产品。一些印有“沃尔沃”品牌名称的沃尔沃轴承的预生产系列被制造出来，但从未投放市场，直到1927年，该商标才再次被使用，现在作为汽车商标和公司名称。

The first Volvo car left the assembly line on 14 April 1927, and was called Volvo ÖV 4. After this the young company produced closed top and cabriolet vehicles, which were designed to hold strong in the Swedish climate and terrain. In the registration application for Volvo logotype in 1927, they simply made a copy of the entire radiator for ÖV4, viewed from the front. The round logo with the arrow pointing to the right ( ♂ ) is the Greek alchemical symbol for iron.
【参考译文】1927年4月14日，第一辆沃尔沃汽车离开了装配线，被称为沃尔沃ÖV 4。此后，这家年轻的公司生产了封闭式和敞篷式汽车，这些汽车的设计在瑞典气候和地形中表现强劲。在1927年沃尔沃标识的注册申请中，他们只是复制了ÖV4的整个散热器，从前面看。箭头指向右边的圆形标志（♂）是希腊炼金术符号，代表铁。

由于沃尔沃的销售表现如日中天，自1935年起，沃尔沃汽车升格为一家独立公司“沃尔沃公司”营运。而沃尔沃公司更是世界知名的商用车辆制造商。

Presented in 1944 the Volvo PV444 passenger car only entered production in 1947. It was the smallest Volvo yet and was to take the lion’s share of Volvo production, as well as spearheading their move into the profitable American market. The first Volvos arrived in the United States in 1955, after hardware wholesaler Leo Hirsh began distributing cars in California. Later, Texas was added, and in 1956, Volvo themselves began importing cars to the US. North America has consistently provided Volvo with their main outlet since.[14]
【参考译文】1944年推出的沃尔沃PV444乘用车仅在1947年投入生产。这是沃尔沃最小的车型，在沃尔沃的生产中占据了最大的份额，并率先进入利润丰厚的美国市场。1955年，在五金批发商利奥·赫什开始在加利福尼亚州分销汽车后，第一批沃尔沃汽车抵达美国。后来，德克萨斯州也加入了进来，1956年，沃尔沃自己开始向美国进口汽车。此后，北美一直是沃尔沃的主要出口地。[14]

1959年，沃尔沃发明了三点式安全带，并广泛的使用在旗下车型之中。

图1-3和1-4（发布于知乎想法）

In 1963, Volvo opened the Volvo Halifax Assembly plant, the first assembly plant in the company’s history outside of Sweden, in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.[15] In 1964, Volvo opened its Torslanda plant in Sweden, which currently is one of its largest production sites (chiefly large cars and SUVs).[16] Then in 1965, the Ghent, Belgium plant was opened, which is the company’s second largest production site.[17] This was also Volvo’s first location producing cars within the European Economic Community.[15] In 1989, the Uddevalla plant in Sweden was opened, which was jointly operated by Volvo Car Group and Pininfarina Sverige AB from 2005 to 2013.[18]
【参考译文】1963年，沃尔沃在加拿大新斯科舍省哈利法克斯开设了沃尔沃哈利法克斯装配厂，这是该公司历史上在瑞典以外开设的第一家装配厂。[15] 1964年，沃尔沃在瑞典开设了托斯兰达工厂，目前是该公司最大的生产基地之一（主要是大型轿车和SUV）。[16] 然后在1965年，比利时根特工厂开业，这是该公司的第二大生产基地。[17] 这也是沃尔沃在欧洲经济共同体内生产汽车的第一家工厂。[15] 1989年，瑞典乌德瓦拉工厂开业，该工厂由沃尔沃汽车集团和Pininfarina Sverige AB于2005年至2013年共同运营。[18]

In the early 1970s, Volvo acquired the passenger car division of the Dutch company DAF, and marketed their small cars as Volvos before releasing the Dutch-built Volvo 340, which went on to be a big seller in the UK market in the 1980s. In 1986 Volvo sold 113,267 cars in the US marking a record year for the company. The appearance of Japanese brands like Acura and Lexus and the growing popularity of Subaru station wagons in subsequent years meant the loss of a significant market share for Volvo, one which they have never regained.[14]
【参考译文】20世纪70年代初，沃尔沃收购了荷兰公司DAF的乘用车部门，并在推出荷兰制造的沃尔沃340之前，将其小型车作为沃尔沃汽车进行销售，该车在20世纪80年代成为英国市场的大卖。 1986年，沃尔沃在美国销售了113,267辆汽车，创下公司历史新高。随后几年，日本品牌如讴歌和雷克萨斯的出现以及斯巴鲁旅行车的日益普及，意味着沃尔沃失去了大量市场份额，而这一市场份额他们从未恢复过。 [14]

Volvo’s long-time CEO Pehr G. Gyllenhammar saw early on that Volvo was too small to survive in the future, and attempted several times to merge with other manufacturers. Volvo nearly merged with Saab in the late seventies, while in 1978 an aborted affair would have seen the Norwegian state take over 40 percent of the company. In return, Volvo would receive 200 million SEK and a ten percent concession in the Oseberg oil field. Major institutional actors in Sweden opposed the deal and blocked it.[19] A deal to merge with Renault was blocked in 1993, mainly opposed by a Swedish stockholders’ association.[20]
【参考译文】沃尔沃的长期首席执行官佩尔·吉伦哈马尔（Pehr G. Gyllenhammar）很早就看到沃尔沃太小，无法在未来生存，并多次尝试与其他制造商合并。 沃尔沃在七十年代末几乎与萨博合并，而在1978年，挪威政府收购了该公司40%的股份，作为回报，沃尔沃将获得2亿瑞典克朗和奥斯伯格油田10%的特许权。 瑞典的主要机构参与者反对这笔交易并阻止了它。 [1] 1993年，与雷诺的合并交易被阻止，主要是由瑞典股东协会反对。 [2]

在波斯湾战争时期，美军最高阶的参谋首长联席会议主席克林·鲍威尔以买卖和修理沃尔沃汽车为嗜好闻名。而在吉尼斯世界纪录中，沃尔沃1800S更被列入“全球行驶里程最长汽车”纪录[11]。

图1-5和1-6（发布于知乎想法）

A collection of Volvo’s most important historical vehicles are now housed in the Volvo Museum, which opened in a permanent location in Arendal at Hisingen on 30 May 1995.[21] For several years, the collection had been housed at the Blue Hangar, at the then closed Torslanda Airport.[21]
【参考译文】沃尔沃博物馆于1995年5月30日在阿伦达尔的希辛根永久开放，收藏了沃尔沃最重要的历史车辆。[21] 几年来，这些收藏品一直存放在当时关闭的托尔斯兰达机场的蓝机库中。[21]

In 1999, Volvo Group decided to sell its automobile manufacturing business in order to concentrate on commercial vehicles, and to buy a 5% stake in Japanese automaker Mitsubishi Motors (with which Volvo Group along with the Dutch government had participated in a joint venture at the former DAF plant in Born, Netherlands since 1991). Ford saw advantages in acquiring a profitable prestige mid-size European automobile manufacturer, well renowned for its safety aspects, as an addition to its Premier Automotive Group. The buyout of Volvo Cars was announced on 28 January 1999,[22] and in the following year the acquisition was completed at a price of US$6.45 billion. As a result of the divestiture, the Volvo trademark was used by two separate companies:
【参考译文】1999年，沃尔沃集团决定出售其汽车制造业务，以专注于商用车，并购买日本汽车制造商三菱汽车5%的股份（自1991年以来，沃尔沃集团与荷兰政府一起参与了三菱汽车在荷兰博恩的前DAF工厂的合资企业）。 福特认为收购一家盈利的欧洲中型汽车制造商是很有利的，这家汽车制造商以其安全方面而闻名，是其Premier Automotive Group的补充。 1999年1月28日宣布收购沃尔沃汽车，次年以64.5亿美元的价格完成收购。由于资产剥离，沃尔沃商标被两家独立公司使用。

  • Volvo Group – a manufacturer of trucks, buses and construction equipment (among others) owned by Swedish interests
    【参考译文】沃尔沃集团——瑞典利益集团旗下的卡车、公共汽车和建筑设备（及其他）制造商
  • Volvo Car Group or Volvo Cars – a manufacturer of automobiles owned by Ford Motor Company
    【参考译文】沃尔沃汽车集团或沃尔沃汽车公司——福特汽车公司旗下的汽车制造商

Volvo Group completed its 5% deal with Mitsubishi in November 1999, but sold its stake back to Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in March 2001.[23][24]
【参考译文】沃尔沃集团于1999年11月完成了与三菱5%的交易，但于2001年3月将其股份卖回给三菱重工。

1.2 福特时期，1999-2010年 | Ford era, 1999–2010

1999年3月19日起，沃尔沃集团将乘用车部门“沃尔沃汽车”卖给美国的福特汽车公司，在之后的11年中，沃尔沃汽车成为福特旗下所属的首席汽车集团（Premier Automotive Group，PAG）的品牌之一，在首席汽车集团中还有林肯汽车、阿斯顿马丁、捷豹三个品牌。

图1-7（发布于知乎想法）

Volvo Car Group was part of Ford Motor Company’s Premier Automotive Group (PAG), along with Jaguar, Aston Martin and Land Rover. While part of the PAG, the company significantly expanded its range of vehicles.
【参考译文】沃尔沃汽车集团是福特汽车公司旗下的主要汽车集团（PAG）的一部分，该集团还包括捷豹、阿斯顿·马丁和路虎。作为PAG的一部分，该公司大幅扩展了其汽车产品线。

2006年3月20日，沃尔沃汽车公司开始在位于重庆的长安福特工厂生产沃尔沃车型[12]。

2007年，沃尔沃推出更为敏捷的涡轮增压引擎。

2008年，福特对沃尔沃的股权缩水至24亿美元。

After Ford sold Jaguar Land Rover to Tata Motors of India in 2008, the company initially decided to keep Volvo Cars despite mounting losses and major economic downturns. Ford decided to restructure plans for Volvo Cars, pushing it further upmarket, alongside the lower end of Mercedes and BMW sedans, wagons, and SUV crossovers. The outcome was the luxurious second generation Volvo S80 and the new small premium crossover Volvo XC60.
【参考译文】2008年福特将捷豹路虎出售给印度塔塔汽车公司后，尽管亏损不断扩大，经济严重衰退，该公司最初仍决定保留沃尔沃汽车。福特决定重组沃尔沃汽车的计划，将其进一步推向高端市场，与梅赛德斯和宝马的低端轿车、旅行车和SUV跨界车并驾齐驱。其结果是豪华的第二代沃尔沃S80和新型的小型高档跨界车沃尔沃XC60。

When the global economic crisis of 2008 threatened the US automakers, Swedish authorities became concerned about the fate of Volvo, should Ford file for bankruptcy. These concerns mounted after repeated mass-layoffs at Volvo. In December 2008, Ford announced that it was considering selling Volvo Cars. Initially, a sale price of US$6 billion was reported.[25] Ford said it was also looking into the possibility of spinning off Volvo as an independent company. The Swedish government was asked to look into a possible state ownership of Volvo, or a financial bailout for Volvo Cars and SAAB of GM. Former parent AB Volvo agreed to help Volvo cut costs through partnerships, and suggested taking part in a shared ownership of Volvo Cars, as part of a larger consortium. Other rumored candidates to purchase Volvo Cars included BMW AG of Germany, Investor AB of Sweden, Chinese investors, and Russian investors.
【参考译文】2008年全球经济危机威胁到美国汽车制造商时，瑞典当局开始担心福特申请破产时沃尔沃的命运。在沃尔沃多次大规模裁员后，这些担忧加剧。2008年12月，福特宣布正在考虑出售沃尔沃汽车。最初，据报道，售价为60亿美元。[25] 福特表示，它也在考虑将沃尔沃分拆为一家独立公司的可能性。瑞典政府被要求研究沃尔沃可能国有化，或对沃尔沃汽车和通用汽车SAAB进行金融救助。前母公司AB沃尔沃同意通过合作帮助沃尔沃削减成本，并建议参与沃尔沃汽车的共同所有权，作为更大的财团的一部分。其他传闻中可能购买沃尔沃汽车的候选人包括德国宝马公司、瑞典Investor AB、中国投资者和俄罗斯投资者。

Although it was rumoured that Volkswagen would buy Volvo Cars, and despite initial denials, the company Geely Holding Group was ultimately selected to take over the Swedish automaker.[26] Geely Group Holdings Co. allegedly bid about US$1.5 billion to take over Volvo, with Goldman Sachs investing HK$2.59 billion (US$334 million) in the holding company.[27][28][29]
【参考译文】尽管有传言称大众汽车将收购沃尔沃汽车，尽管最初否认，但吉利控股集团最终被选中接管这家瑞典汽车制造商。[26]据称，吉利集团控股有限公司出价约15亿美元收购沃尔沃，高盛投资25.9亿港元（3.34亿美元）入股吉利控股集团。[27][28][29]

2009年12月24日，福特汽车和中华人民共和国浙江汽车制造商吉利汽车的母公司——浙江吉利控股集团就出售沃尔沃汽车达成初步协议。

1.3 吉利时期，2010年至今 | Geely era, 2010–present

图1-8和1-9（发布于知乎想法）

Ford Motor Company offered Volvo Cars for sale in December 2008, after suffering losses that year.[30] On 28 October 2009, Ford confirmed that, after considering several offers, the preferred buyer of Volvo Cars was Geely Holding Group, the parent of motor manufacturer Geely Automobile.[31][32] On 23 December 2009, Ford confirmed the terms of the sale to Geely had been settled. A definitive agreement was signed on 28 March 2010, for $1.8 billion. The European Commission and China’s Ministry of Commerce approved the deal on 6 and 29 July 2010, respectively. The deal closed on 2 August 2010 with Geely paying $1.3 billion cash and a $200 million note. Further payments are expected with a later price “true-up”.[33][34] It is the largest overseas acquisition by a Chinese automaker.[35]
【参考译文】2008年12月，福特汽车公司（Ford Motor Company）在遭受亏损后，将沃尔沃汽车（Volvo Cars）出售。[30] 2009年10月28日，福特证实，在考虑了多个报价后，沃尔沃汽车的优先购买者是吉利控股集团，即汽车制造商吉利汽车的母公司。[31][32] 2009年12月23日，福特证实，与吉利的出售条款已经达成。2010年3月28日签署了18亿美元的最终协议。欧盟委员会和中国商务部分别于2010年7月6日和29日批准了该交易。该交易于2010年8月2日结束，吉利支付了13亿美元现金和2亿美元票据。预计将进一步支付后续款项，以进行后续价格“调整”。[33][34] 这是中国汽车制造商最大的海外收购。[35]

2010年3月28日，浙江吉利控股集团有限公司（简称吉利集团）在瑞典哥德堡与福特汽车签署最终股权收购协议，吉利汽车获得沃尔沃轿车公司100%的股权和其相关资产，涉及金额18亿美元，于2010年第三季度完成交割。

Stefan Jacoby, formerly chief executive of Volkswagen of America, became Volvo Car Group’s president and chief executive on 16 August 2010, replacing Stephen Odell, who became chief executive of Ford Europe. Li Shufu became Volvo Cars’ chairman of the board. His board members include vice-chairman Hans-Olov Olsson, a former president and chief executive of Volvo Cars, and Håkan Samuelsson, formerly chief executive of MAN.[36]
【参考译文】美国大众汽车公司前首席执行官斯特凡·雅各比于2010年8月16日成为沃尔沃汽车集团总裁兼首席执行官，接替斯蒂芬·奥德尔，后者成为福特欧洲首席执行官。李书福成为沃尔沃汽车董事会主席。他的董事会成员包括前沃尔沃汽车总裁兼首席执行官汉斯-奥洛夫·奥尔森和前曼恩首席执行官哈坎·萨缪尔森。[1]

Under Geely ownership, Volvo has refocused its product lineup. The manufacturer has developed a new line of 3- and 4-cylinder diesel and petrol engines while eliminating larger engines. It has also developed a new vehicle platform, the Scalable Product Architecture (SPA), and re-introduced an expanded -90 series of models, including the S90 sedan and Volvo V90 wagon in addition to a redesigned XC90 SUV.[37]
【参考译文】在吉利控股集团旗下，沃尔沃重新调整了产品阵容。该制造商开发了新的3缸和4缸柴油和汽油发动机系列，同时淘汰了更大的发动机。它还开发了一个新的车辆平台，可扩展产品架构（SPA），并重新推出了扩展的90系列车型，包括S90轿车和沃尔沃V90旅行车，以及重新设计的XC90 SUV。

In 2015, Volvo sold more than half a million cars for the first time in its 89-year history. Volvo reported strong sales from all three core global regions. Sales in Europe rose 10% in 2015 to 269k, representing over 50% of total global volume. Volvo’s revival in the US gained momentum, with sales up 24% in 2015, while China was flat amid a challenging sales environment, but sales were up 11% in the fourth quarter.[38]
【参考译文】2015年，沃尔沃在其89年的历史上首次售出50多万辆汽车。沃尔沃报告称，其全球三大核心地区的销售强劲。2015年，欧洲的销量增长了10%，达到26.9万辆，占全球总销量的50%以上。沃尔沃在美国的复兴势头强劲，2015年的销量增长了24%，而中国在充满挑战的销售环境下表现平平，但第四季度的销量增长了11%。

In July 2017, the automaker announced that beginning in 2019, all of its new models will include an electric motor in their powertrain. Implementation of the announcement could mean Volvo becoming the first manufacturer to end production of internal combustion-only vehicles, with all vehicles hybrid or electric powered. Between 2019 and 2021, Volvo plans to launch three electric cars under the Volvo brand and two more under the Polestar performance brand.[39]
【参考译文】2017年7月，该汽车制造商宣布，从2019年开始，其所有新车型的动力总成都将包括一个电动机。该公告的实施可能意味着沃尔沃成为第一家停止生产仅内燃机汽车的制造商，所有汽车均为混合动力或电动动力。2019年至2021年，沃尔沃计划推出三款沃尔沃品牌的电动汽车和两款Polestar性能品牌的电动汽车。

Volvo is one of the proponents of autonomous vehicles. On 20 November 2017, Uber announced that it planned to buy up to 24,000 Volvo cars designed to accept autonomous technology between 2019 and 2021. This non-binding intent includes a plan for Uber Advanced Technologies Group to design and build the self-driving system in the XC90 SUV.[40] In 2016, the companies announced that they planned to collaborate on the design and financing of cars with self-driving systems. Such vehicles require a different type of steering and braking mechanism, as well as sensors. The CEO of Volvo Cars, Håkan Samuelsson, made this comment in an interview: “We get support developing this car … It’s also a big commercial deal.”[41]
【参考译文】沃尔沃是自动驾驶汽车的支持者之一。2017年11月20日，优步宣布计划在2019年至2021年期间购买多达24,000辆沃尔沃汽车，用于接受自动驾驶技术。这一非约束性意向包括优步先进技术集团在XC90 SUV中设计和构建自动驾驶系统的计划。[40] 2016年，两家公司宣布他们计划合作设计和融资带有自动驾驶系统的汽车。这种车辆需要不同类型的转向和制动机制以及传感器。沃尔沃汽车首席执行官哈坎·萨缪尔森在接受采访时发表了以下评论：“我们得到了开发这款汽车的支持……这也是一笔巨大的商业交易。” [41]

Also in 2017, Volvo announced a vehicle subscription offering called Care by Volvo, which offers the Volvo XC40 for a monthly payment that includes insurance and maintenance. Care by Volvo is offered in several European markets, such as Germany, the UK and Italy, as well as in the U.S.[42]
【参考译文】同样在2017年，沃尔沃宣布了一项名为“沃尔沃关怀”的汽车订阅服务，该服务提供沃尔沃XC40，每月支付包括保险和维修在内的费用。沃尔沃关怀在德国、英国、意大利等多个欧洲市场以及美国提供。[42]

图1-10（发布于知乎想法）

In February 2020, Volvo and Geely announced that they had started formal discussions about a merger of business. Geely had owned 100% of Volvo, but Volvo Cars had largely been allowed autonomy with its resources.[43] These merger talks were later halted, and 18% of Volvo Cars shares were listed on the Nasdaq Stockholm stock exchange in October 2021.[44]
【参考译文】2020年2月，沃尔沃和吉利宣布，他们已开始就业务合并进行正式讨论。吉利曾拥有沃尔沃100%的股份，但沃尔沃汽车在很大程度上被允许自主经营其资源。[1] 这些合并谈判后来停止，18%的沃尔沃汽车股份于2021年10月在纳斯达克斯德哥尔摩证券交易所上市。[2]

2021年10月29日，沃尔沃汽车宣布在瑞典斯德哥尔摩证券交易所正式挂牌上市，交易代码为“VOLCAR B”，开盘价58.75瑞典克朗，发行价53瑞典克朗(6.12美元)/股。

In early 2021 the company announced plans to completely stop selling fossil fuel-based cars by 2030, switching to electric-powered cars. The plan includes phasing out fossil-fuel-only cars by 2025, manufacturing only electric cars or hybrids.[45]
【参考译文】2021年初，该公司宣布计划到2030年完全停止销售化石燃料汽车，改用电动汽车。该计划包括到2025年逐步淘汰仅使用化石燃料的汽车，只生产电动汽车或混合动力汽车。[1]

In 2021, Volvo Cars set up a joint venture with Geely for its hybrid engine operations.[46] The new business, Aurobay will develop and market powertrain solutions, and as of 2022, includes Volvo Cars’ engine plants in Skövde and Zhangjiakou, together with its powertrain research and development operations in Gothenburg.[47]
【参考译文】2021年，沃尔沃汽车与吉利成立了一家合资企业，共同开展混合动力发动机业务。[46] 新业务Aurobay将开发和销售动力总成解决方案，截至2022年，包括沃尔沃汽车在Skövde和张家口的发动机工厂以及其在哥德堡的动力总成研发业务。[47]

In June 2023, Ukraine blacklisted Geely due to its refusal to leave the Russian market. In this regard, the Swedish authorities began to discuss the possibility of a boycott of Volvo Cars. The discussion was initiated by the Ministry of Defense of Sweden.[48]
【参考译文】2023年6月，乌克兰将吉利列入黑名单，原因是其拒绝离开俄罗斯市场。在这方面，瑞典当局开始讨论抵制沃尔沃汽车的可能性。讨论是由瑞典国防部发起的。[1]

In November 2023, Volvo Cars announced the launch of an Energy Solutions business, beginning with a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) pilot programme in Gothenburg along with local power utility Goteborg Energi.[49]
【参考译文】2023年11月，沃尔沃汽车宣布推出能源解决方案业务，首先在哥德堡与当地电力公司Goteborg Energi合作开展车网互动（V2G）试点项目。[1]

2. 安全性 | Safety

Volvo cars have long been marketed as safe and the company has stressed their historic reputation for solidity and reliability in marketing campaigns. Volvo uses high-tech safety systems as standard equipment in new vehicles.[citation needed] Prior to strong government safety regulation Volvo had been at the forefront of safety engineering.[50]
【参考译文】沃尔沃汽车长期以来一直以安全著称，该公司在营销活动中强调了其坚固性和可靠性的历史声誉。沃尔沃将高科技安全系统作为新车的标准配置。在政府强有力的安全监管之前，沃尔沃一直处于安全工程的最前沿。

In 1944, laminated glass was introduced in the PV model.[51] After Vattenfall engineers presented their pioneering work to Volvo in the 1950s,[52] Volvo engineer Nils Bohlin invented and patented the modern three-point safety belt, which became standard on all Volvo cars in 1959,[53] and then made this design patent open in the interest of safety and made it available to other car manufacturers for free.[54][55] Additionally, Volvo developed the first rear-facing child seat in 1964[51] and introduced its own booster seat in 1978.[51]
【参考译文】1944年，PV车型引入了夹层玻璃。 [1] 20世纪50年代，瑞典国家电力公司（Vattenfall）的工程师向沃尔沃展示了他们的开创性工作， [2] 沃尔沃工程师尼尔斯·博林发明并获得了现代三点式安全带的专利，该安全带于1959年成为所有沃尔沃汽车的标准， [3] 然后为了安全起见，将该设计专利公开，并免费提供给其他汽车制造商。 [4] [5] 此外，沃尔沃于1964年开发了第一款后向儿童座椅， [1]并于1978年推出了自己的增高座椅。 [1]

In 1991, the 960 introduced the first three-point seat belt for the middle of the rear seat and a child safety cushion integrated in the middle armrest.[51] Also in 1991, it introduced the Side Impact Protection System (SIPS) on the 700, 940/960 and 850 models, which channels the force of a side impact away from the doors and into the safety cage.[56]
【参考译文】1991年，960推出了第一款用于后排座椅中间的三点式安全带和集成在中间扶手中的儿童安全垫。[51]同样在1991年，它在700、940/960和850型号上引入了侧面碰撞保护系统（SIPS），该系统将侧面碰撞的力从车门引导到安全笼中。[56]

In 1994,[57] to add to its SIPS, Volvo was the first to introduce side airbags and installed them as standard equipment in all models from 1995. At the start of the 1995 model year, side impact protection airbags were standard on high trim-level Volvo 850s, and optional on other 850s. By the middle of the production year, they were standard on all 850s. In model year 1995, SIPS airbags became standard on all Volvo models.[57]
【参考译文】1994年，[57]为了进一步完善侧面碰撞保护系统（SIPS），沃尔沃率先推出了侧面安全气囊，并将它们作为标准装备安装于1995年以后的所有车型。在1995款车型年开始时，高配版沃尔沃850的侧面碰撞保护气囊为标准配置，其他850车型则可选装。到生产年份中期，所有850车型都配备了标准侧面碰撞保护气囊。在1995款车型年，SIPS气囊成为沃尔沃所有车型的标准配置。[57]

In 1995, the Volvo 745 was recalled as the front seatbelt mounts could break in a collision.[58][59]
【参考译文】1995年，沃尔沃745被召回，因为前排安全带支架在碰撞中可能会断裂。[58][59]

In 1998, Volvo installed a head-protecting airbag,[60] which was made standard in all new models as well as some existing models.[57] The IC head-protecting airbag was not available on the 1997 C70 since the initial design deployed the airbag from the roof, and the C70, being a convertible, could not accommodate such an airbag. A later version of the C70 featured a head-protecting airbag deploying upwards from the door, avoiding this problem. It has been stated by many testing authorities that side head protecting curtain airbags can reduce the risk of death in a side impact by up to 40% and brain injury by up to 55%, as well as protect occupants during a rollover.[61] In 1998, Volvo introduced its Whiplash Protection System (WHIPS), a safety device to prevent injury to front seat users during collisions.[51]
【参考译文】1998年，沃尔沃安装了头部保护气囊， [1] 这是所有新车型以及一些现有车型的标准配置。 [2] 1997年C70没有配备IC头部保护气囊，因为最初的设计是从车顶部署气囊，而C70作为敞篷车，无法容纳这样的气囊。 C70的后期版本配备了从车门向上部署的头部保护气囊，避免了这个问题。许多测试机构表示，侧面头部保护帘式气囊可以将侧面碰撞的死亡风险降低40%，将脑损伤风险降低55%，并在翻车时保护乘员。 [3] 1998年，沃尔沃推出了颈部保护系统（WHIPS），这是一种在碰撞时防止前排座椅使用者受伤的安全装置。 [4]

In 2004, Volvo introduced the Blind Spot Information System (BLIS), which detects vehicles entering the vehicle’s blind spot with a side-view-mirror-mounted camera, and alerts the driver with a light. That year also saw Volvos sold in all markets equipped with side-marker lights and daytime running lights. Also, since 2004 all Volvo models except for the coupes (C70 and C30) are available with an all-wheel drive system developed by Haldex Traction of Sweden.[62]
【参考译文】2004年，沃尔沃推出了盲点信息系统（BLIS），该系统通过安装在侧视镜上的摄像头检测进入车辆盲点的车辆，并用灯光提醒驾驶员。同年，沃尔沃在所有市场销售的车型都配备了侧标志灯和日间行车灯。此外，自2004年以来，除跑车（C70和C30）外，所有沃尔沃车型都配备了瑞典Haldex Traction公司开发的全轮驱动系统。

In 2005, Volvo presented the second generation of Volvo C70, which came with extra stiff door-mounted inflatable side curtains (the first of its kind in a convertible) dubbed ‘DMIC’.[63][64][65]
【参考译文】2005年，沃尔沃推出了第二代沃尔沃C70，配备了额外的硬质车门安装式充气侧帘（这是敞篷车中的第一个），被称为“DMIC”。[63][64][65]

Even though Volvo Car Group was owned by Ford Motor Company, Volvo’s safety systems were still standard on all Volvo vehicles. Volvo has patented all its safety innovations, including SIPS, WHIPS, ROPS, DSTC, and body structures. Some of these systems were fitted to other Ford vehicles in forms similar to those of Volvo systems, but only because Volvo licensed the FOMOCO and other PAG members to use these features.[citation needed]
【参考译文】尽管沃尔沃汽车集团由福特汽车公司拥有，沃尔沃的安全系统仍然是所有沃尔沃汽车的标准配置。沃尔沃已为其所有安全创新申请专利，包括SIPS、WHIPS、ROPS、DSTC和车身结构。其中一些系统以类似于沃尔沃系统的形式安装在其他福特汽车上，但这只是因为沃尔沃授权FOMOCO和其他PAG成员使用这些功能。

A 2005 Folksam report,[66] put the 740/940 (from 1982 on) in the 15% better than average category, the second from the top category.[citation needed]
【参考译文】2005年Folksam报告[66]将740/940（从1982年开始）列为比平均水平好15%的类别，在最佳类别中排名第二。

In 2005, when the American non-profit, non-governmental Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) released its first annual “Top Safety Picks” vehicles list, none of Volvo’s offered vehicles in the US were included on the list.[67] According to Russ Rader, a spokesman for IIHS, Volvo lagged behind its competitors.[68] Dan Johnston, a Volvo spokesman, denied that the company’s vehicles were any less safe than the institute’s top-rated vehicles, adding that
【参考译文】2005年，美国非营利性非政府机构公路安全保险协会（IIHS）首次发布年度“最佳安全车型”榜单，沃尔沃在美国提供的车辆均未上榜。[67]据IIHS发言人拉斯·雷德（Russ Rader）称，沃尔沃落后于竞争对手。[68]沃尔沃发言人丹·约翰斯顿（Dan Johnston）否认该公司的车辆比该机构评级最高的车辆安全性低，并补充说

It’s just a philosophy on safety that is different from building cars to pass these kinds of tests.[68]

【参考译文】这只是不同于制造汽车以通过此类测试的安全理念。

In 2006, Volvo’s Personal Car Communicator (PCC) remote control was launched as an optional feature with the all-new Volvo S80. Before a driver enters their car, they can review the security level and know whether they had set the alarm and if the car is locked.[69][70] Additionally, a heartbeat sensor warns if someone is hiding inside the car.[69] The S80 was also the first Volvo model to feature adaptive cruise control (ACC) with Collision Warning and Brake Support (CWBS).[71]
【参考译文】2006年，沃尔沃的个人汽车通信器（PCC）远程控制作为全新沃尔沃S80的选配功能推出。在驾驶员进入汽车之前，他们可以查看安全级别，并知道他们是否设置了警报，以及汽车是否锁好。[69][70]此外，如果有人躲在车里，心跳传感器会发出警告。[69]S80也是第一款配备自适应巡航控制（ACC）和碰撞警告和制动支持（CWBS）的沃尔沃车型。[71]

In 2008, a French court found Volvo partially responsible for causing the death of two children and serious injuries of another in Wasselonne on 17 June 1999, when the brakes of a 1996 Volvo 850 failed. The court subjected Volvo to a €200,000 fine.[50][72][73][74]
【参考译文】2008年，法国一家法院认定沃尔沃对1999年6月17日在瓦塞尔讷发生的两起儿童死亡和另一起儿童重伤事件负有部分责任，当时一辆1996年沃尔沃850的刹车失灵。法院对沃尔沃处以20万欧元的罚款。[50][72][73][74]

According to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), Volvo’s S80 became one of the 2009 Top Safety Picks Award winners. The previous versions of the S40 and S60 models (2005–09 models with standard side airbags) failed to attain the highest rating in their side impact test.[75][76] However, according to the IIHS, in recent years Volvo cars have still managed to maintain their high class safety ratings as seen in test results.[77] The Volvo XC90, S80, C70, XC60, S60 and C30 are all rated Top Safety Picks in these crash tests.[78][79][80][81][82][83] The 2014 models of the XC60, XC90, S60 and S80 have even received the Top Safety Pick+ rating.[84][85] All Volvos tested in the small overlap test have received a ‘good’ rating.[86]
【参考译文】根据美国公路安全保险协会（IIHS）的数据，沃尔沃的S80成为2009年最佳安全选择奖获得者之一。之前的S40和S60车型（2005-09年标准侧气囊车型）在侧面碰撞测试中未能获得最高评级。[75][76]然而，根据IIHS的数据，近年来沃尔沃汽车仍设法保持其测试结果中显示的高等级安全评级。[77]沃尔沃XC90、S80、C70、XC60、S60和C30都在这些碰撞测试中被评为最佳安全选择。[78][79][80][81][82][83] 2014年款XC60、XC90、S60和S80甚至获得了最佳安全选择+评级。[84][85]所有在小型重叠测试中测试的沃尔沃汽车都获得了“良好”评级。[86]

Volvo has also scored high in Euro NCAP tests. Since 2009, all the Volvo models that Euro NCAP have tested have received five-star safety ratings: Volvo C30, V40, V60, V60 plug-in hybrid, XC60 and V70.[87] The second generation Volvo V40 got the best test result of any car model ever tested by Euro NCAP at the time.[88] As well the redesigned XC60 received the highest adult occupant score (98%) in 2017.[89]
【参考译文】沃尔沃在欧洲NCAP测试中得分也很高。自2009年以来，欧洲NCAP测试的所有沃尔沃车型都获得了五星级安全评级：沃尔沃C30、V40、V60、V60插电式混合动力车、XC60和V70。 [1] 第二代沃尔沃V40获得了当时欧洲NCAP测试过的所有车型中最好的测试结果。 [2] 重新设计的XC60在2017年获得了最高的成人乘员得分（98％）。 [3]

In the United States, Volvo paid $19.6 million in fines for missing its Corporate Average Fuel Economy targets for the 2010–2014 model years.[90] In July 2017, Volvo announced that new models launched from 2019 onward would be fully electric or hybrid-electric, heralding the end of production of nearly a century of Volvo vehicles powered solely by the internal combustion engine. Volvo, however, will continue to produce non-electric, non-hybrid cars from models introduced before that year but will discontinue them once the non-hybrid, non-electric cars receive a facelift or complete redesign.[91] In 2019, Volvo announced that it plans to produce only electrified cars from the year 2040 onwards.[92]
【参考译文】在美国，沃尔沃因未达到2010-2014年车型年的企业平均燃油经济性目标而支付了1960万美元的罚款。 [1] 2017年7月，沃尔沃宣布，从2019年开始推出的新车型将全部为纯电动或混合动力电动，预示着沃尔沃汽车近一个世纪以来仅由内燃机驱动的生产即将结束。然而，沃尔沃将继续生产2019年之前推出的非电动、非混合动力汽车，但一旦非混合动力、非电动汽车进行翻新或完全重新设计，将停止生产。 [2] 2019年，沃尔沃宣布计划从2040年开始只生产电动汽车。 [3]

2.1 安全里程碑 | Safety milestones

图2-1（发布于知乎想法）

(This list is not necessarily Volvo innovations, but dates when Volvo incorporated the technology into its cars)
【参考译文】（此列表不一定是沃尔沃的创新，而是沃尔沃将该技术融入其汽车的时间）

  • 1927年：带自动雨刮器的安全挡风玻璃。
  • 1944 – safety cage
    1944年：整体式车厢，保护事故后的车内乘客。
  • 1944 – laminated windscreen
    1944年：多层挡风玻璃 ，可以保证15年的使用寿命。
  • 1957 – anchor points for two-point safety belts, front
    【1957 年 – 前部两点式安全带锚点】
  • 1958 – anchor points for two-point safety belts, rear
    【1958 年 – 后部两点式安全带锚点】
  • 1959 – three-point safety belt, standard in front seats
    1958年：固定式三点安全带，由沃尔沃的工程师Nils Bohlin发明，并于次年投入使用。
  • 1960年：填充式仪表板。
  • 1964 – rearward-facing child safety seat, first prototype tested
    【1964 年 – 测试了第一辆面向后方的儿童安全座椅原型】
  • 1966 – crumple zones front and rear
    【1966 年 – 前部和后部碰撞吸能区】
  • 1966 – safety door-locks
    【1966年 – 安全门锁】
  • 1969 – inertia-reel safety belts
    【1969年——惯性卷筒安全带】
  • 1970年：成立业内首个汽车事故调查研究小组。
  • 1971 – reminder safety belt
    【1971年——提醒安全带】
  • 1972 – three-point safety belt, outer rear seats
    【1972 年 – 三点式安全带、后排外侧座椅】
  • 1972 – rearward-facing child safety sea
    【1972年——后向式儿童安全座椅】
  • 1973年：电子后窗玻璃除霜器。
  • 1974 – multistage impact absorbing steering column
    【1974年 – 多级冲击吸收转向柱】
  • 1974 – bulb integrity sensor
    【1974 年 – 灯泡完整性传感器】
  • 1975 – braking system with stepped bore master cylinder
    【1975年 – 分段式缸体主缸制动系统】
  • 1978 – child safety booster cushion
    【1978年-儿童安全增高垫】
  • 1982 – “anti-submarining” protection
    【1982年-“反潜”保护】
  • 1984年：第一家全车系皆采用刹车防抱死系统的汽车公司。
  • 1986 – three-point safety belt in centre rear seat (740/760)
    【1986 年 – 中后座椅上的三点式安全带 (740/760)】
    1987年：后中座三点式安全带。
  • 1990 – integrated child safety cushion in centre rear seat (940/960)
    【1990 年 – 在中央后座椅 (940/960) 中集成儿童安全气垫】
  • 1991 – Side Impact Protection System (850 and 940/960)
    【1991 年 – 侧面碰撞保护系统（850 和 940/960）】
  • 1991 – automatic height adjusting safety belt
    【1991年——自动高度调节安全带】
  • 1991年：儿童安全座椅。
  • 1992 – reinforced rear seats, estate models
    【1992 年 – 增强型后座椅，旅行车车型】
  • 1992年：具有5年寿命的防侧撞加强结构。
  • 1995 – front side airbags (seat-mounted) for torso (850), integrated child safety cushion, outer rear seats
    【1995年 – 正面安全气囊（安装在座椅上）用于保护躯干（850），集成儿童安全垫，外部后座椅】
    1995年：发布世界第一个防侧撞安全气囊（Side Impact Protection System, SIPS）。
  • 1997 – Roll Over Protection System (C70)
    【1997年 – 翻车保护系统（C70）】
  • 1998 – Whiplash Protection System (S80)
    【1998年 – 防鞭打保护系统（S80）】
  • 1998 – roof-mounted inflatable curtain side airbags (S80)
    【1998年 – 安装在车顶的可充气帘式侧安全气囊（S80）】
  • 2000年：发布颈部保护系统（Whiplash Protection System，WHIPS）。
  • 2001 – SCC : Volvo Safety Concept Car
    【2001年：沃尔沃安全概念车SCC】
  • 2002 – Roll Stability Control (XC90)
    【2002 年 – 侧翻稳定控制（XC90）】
  • 2003 – Volvo Intelligent Vehicle Architecture, new front structure (S40, V50)
    【2003年——沃尔沃智能汽车架构，新的前部结构（S40、V50）】
  • 2003 – rear seat belt reminders (S40, V50)
    【2003 年 – 后排安全带提醒器（S40、V50）】
  • 2003 – Intelligent Driver Information System, a system that selectively blocks information to the driver in complex traffic situations and lets the information through once the situation has calmed down (S40, V50)
    【2003年——智能驾驶员信息系统，一种在复杂交通状况下选择性阻止驾驶员获取信息，并在情况平息后让信息通过的系统（S40、V50）】
  • 2003 – Volvo’s Traffic Accident Research Team, inaugurated in Bangkok
    【2003 年，沃尔沃交通事故研究小组在曼谷成立】
    2003年：发布配备有滚转保护系统（Rollover Protection System，ROPS）和横向稳定控制系统（Roll Stability Control，RSC）的运动型多用途车——沃尔沃 XC90 V8。
  • 2004 – Blind Spot Information System, informs the driver of vehicles in the blind spots, using a yellow LED in the A-pillars (S40, V50)
    【2004年——盲点信息系统，使用A柱上的黄色LED，通知驾驶员盲点中的车辆（S40、V50）】
  • 2005 – door-mounted inflatable curtain airbags (C70)
    【2005年 – 安装在车门上的充气帘式安全气囊（C70）】
  • 2006 – Personal Car Communicator (S80)
    【2006年 – 个人汽车通信器（S80）】
  • 2006 – Collision Warning Brake Support, a system that warns the driver and gives brake support when a collision with another vehicle in front of the car is imminent (S80)
    【2006年——碰撞警告制动支持，一种在即将与前方车辆发生碰撞时警告驾驶员并提供制动支持的系统（S80）】
  • 2006 – Electrical Parking Brake (S80)
    【2006年 – 电子驻车制动系统（S80）】
  • 2007 – Driver Alert Control, a driver drowsiness detection system that alerts the driver when the system detects that they are becoming tired (S80, V70, XC70)
    【2007 年 – 驾驶员警报控制，一种驾驶员睡意检测系统，当系统检测到驾驶员开始疲劳时，会向驾驶员发出警报（S80、V70、XC70）】
  • 2007 – Lane Departure Warning, a system that warns the driver for unintended lane departures (S80, V70, XC70)
    【2007 年 – 车道偏离警告系统，该系统可警告驾驶员发生意外偏离车道的情况（S80、V70、XC70）】
  • 2007 – Collision Warning with Auto Brake, a system that automatically brakes the car when a collision with another vehicle in front of the car is imminent (S80, V70, XC70)
    【2007 年 – 碰撞警告和自动制动系统，当即将与前方车辆发生碰撞时，该系统会自动制动汽车（S80、V70、XC70）】
  • 2007 – Distance Alert, a system that helps the driver keeping a safe distance to the vehicle ahead, by continuously measuring the distance and lighting up the vehicle’s head up display if the time gap becomes shorter than what the driver has specified (S80, V70, XC70)
    【2007 年 – 距离警示系统，该系统通过持续测量距离，并在时间间隔小于驾驶员指定的时间间隔时点亮车辆的抬头显示器，帮助驾驶员与前方车辆保持安全距离（S80、V70、XC70）】
  • 2007 – Alcoguard, a hand-held device that the driver blows into before they can start the car, mainly aimed for the company-car sector, taxi operators, state authorities and municipalities (S80, V70, XC70)
    【2007 年 – Alcoguard，一种手持式设备，驾驶员在启动汽车前需对其吹气，主要针对公司用车、出租车运营商、国家机构和市政部门（S80、V70、XC70）】
  • 2008 – City Safety, a system that automatically brakes the car at speeds below 30 km/h (19 mph) if an obstruction is detected in front of the car (new XC60)
    【2008 年 – 城市安全系统，一种在车速低于 30 公里/小时（19 英里/小时）时，如果检测到汽车前方有障碍物，则会自动制动汽车的系统（新款 XC60）】
  • 2010 – Pedestrian Detection with Auto Brake, a system that warns the driver and automatically brakes the car when a collision with a pedestrian in front of the car is imminent (S60)
    【2010 年 – 配备自动刹车的行人探测系统，当汽车即将撞到前方行人时，该系统会警告驾驶员并自动刹车（S60）】
  • 2012 – pedestrian airbag, covering the A-pillars and the lower part of the windscreen in case of collision with a pedestrian (Volvo V40)
    【2012年 – 行人安全气囊，覆盖A柱和挡风玻璃下部，以防与行人发生碰撞（沃尔沃V40）】
  • 2012 – knee airbag, for the driver (V40)
    【2012年 – 膝部安全气囊，适用于驾驶员（V40）】
  • 2012 – Upgraded City Safety, now working up to 50 km/h (31 mph) (S80, V70, XC70, XC60, S60, V60, new V40)
    【2012 年 – 升级城市安全系统，现在最高工作速度可达 50 公里/小时（31 英里/小时）（S80、V70、XC70、XC60、S60、V60、新款 V40）】
  • 2012 – Lane Keeping Aid, a system that steers the car back into the lane again if it is about to unintentionally drift out of the lane (V40)
    【2012 年 – 车道保持辅助系统，如果汽车即将无意中偏离车道，该系统将再次将汽车驶回车道（V40）】
  • 2012 – Road Sign Information, a system that reads road signs and displays them in the information display, thereby helping the driver to remember speed limits, no-overtaking stretches, low-speed areas, etc. (S80, V70, XC70, XC60, S60, V60, V40)
    【2012 年 – 道路标志信息，该系统可读取道路标志并在信息显示屏上显示，从而帮助驾驶员记住限速、禁止超车路段、低速区域等（S80、V70、XC70、XC60、S60、V60、V40）】
  • 2012 – Enhanced Blind Spot Information System, now able to detect approaching vehicles up to 70 meters behind the car (V40)
    【2012 年 – 增强型盲点信息系统，现在能够检测到汽车后方 70 米范围内的接近车辆（V40）】
  • 2012 – Cross Traffic Alert, alerting the driver of crossing traffic approaching from the sides (up to 30 meters away) when reversing out of a parking space (V40)
    【2012 年 – 倒车时，十字路口交通警报会提醒驾驶员有车辆从侧面（最多 30 米远）驶来（V40）】
  • 2013 – Cyclist Detection with Auto Brake, a system that warns the driver and automatically brakes the car when a collision with a cyclist travelling in the same direction as the car in front of the car is imminent (S80, V70, XC70, XC60, XC90, S60, V60, V40)
    【2013 年 – 自动制动自行车检测系统，当与同方向行驶的自行车即将发生碰撞时，该系统会警告驾驶员并自动制动汽车（S80、V70、XC70、XC60、XC90、S60、V60、V40）】
  • 2018 – Head-on crash detection with Auto Brake.
    【2018年 – 正面碰撞检测与自动制动。】

3. 车型 | Car models

3.1 早期型号 | Early years

图3-1（发布于知乎想法）

3.2 三位数编号时代（1968年-1994年）| Tri-digit nomenclature

自1968年的沃尔沃140开始，沃尔沃开始为其车型采用三位数的编号方法，第一位数是车系，第二位数是气缸数，第三位数是车门数。例如164是指1系列、6缸发动机和4个车门。但是这一编号规则也有例外，例如780采用的是涡轮增压直列四缸引擎和V6汽油发动机及直列六缸柴油发动机，但从来没有采用8缸发动机的型号，类似的还有沃尔沃760/沃尔沃360（涡轮增压直列四缸发动机），360也是只有四缸发动机。公晚期型号里抛弃了最后一位数字的含义，无论车门数多寡一律以零字结尾，例如

图3-2至3-5（发布于知乎想法）
  • Volvo 140 (Volvo 142, Volvo 144, Volvo 145)

3.3 1995年至今 | Post tri-digit models

自1995年起，沃尔沃公司采用字母表示车身类型，后面跟数字表示车系的命名方法。尽管这并未由官方正式公布，但是一般认为，S代表四门房车，C代表双门运动型或敞篷车，V代表多用途车或旅行车，XC代表越野军用车（最初是由V70的四轮驱动型号V70XC发展而来，XC是“越野，Cross Country”之意，后来沃尔沃汽车单独把编号改为XC70，以和XC90相一致）。如V50就是较小的40/50型号的旅行车。

（1）并入福特公司之前的型号

图3-6（发布于知乎想法）

Released in 1995[93]
【参考译文】1995年发布的

Released in 1996[94][95]
【参考译文】1996年发布的

Released in 1997[95]
【参考译文】1997年发布的

Released in 1998[95]
【参考译文】1998年发布的

（2）在福特旗下发布的型号

图3-7和3-8（发布于知乎想法）

Released in 2000[94]
【参考译文】2000年发布的

Released in 2002[94]
【参考译文】2002年发布的

Released in 2004
【参考译文】2004年发布的

Released in 2006
【参考译文】2006年发布的

Released in 2007
【参考译文】2007年发布的

Released in 2008
【参考译文】2008年发布的

Released in 2010
【参考译文】2010年发布的

（3）在吉利旗下发布的型号

图3-9和3-10（发布于知乎想法）

Released in 2012
【参考译文】2012年发布的

Released in 2014
【参考译文】2014年发布的

Released in 2016
【参考译文】2016年发布的

Released in 2017
【参考译文】2017年发布的

Released in 2018
【参考译文】2018年发布的

Released in 2021
【参考译文】2021年发布的

Released in 2022
【参考译文】2022年发布的

3.4 当前车型 | Current models

本部分图片发布于知乎看法，请点击这里访问

Today, the company uses a system of letters denoting body style followed by the series number. “S” stands for “sedan“, “C” stands for “coupé” or “convertible” (including three-door hatchback AKA “shooting brake“) and “V” stands for “versatile” (5-door hatchback and station wagon). A V50 is an estate (also under “V”) that is smaller than the V70. “XC” stands for “cross country” originally added to a more rugged V70 model as the V70XC and indicates all wheel drive paired with a raised suspension to give it an SUV look. Volvo would later change the name to the “XC70” in keeping with its car naming consistent with the XC90.
【参考译文】如今，该公司使用字母系统来表示车身类型，后面跟着系列编号。“S”代表“轿车”，“C”代表“轿跑车”或“敞篷车”（包括三门掀背车，也称为“猎装车”），而“V”代表“多功能”（5门掀背车和旅行车）。V50是一种比V70更小的房车（也在“V”下）。“XC”代表“越野”，最初是作为更坚固的V70车型添加的，称为V70XC，表示全轮驱动搭配升高的悬挂，使其具有SUV外观。沃尔沃后来将其更名为“XC70”，以保持其汽车命名与XC90保持一致。

Originally, Volvo was planning a different naming scheme. S and C were to be the same, but “F”, standing for “flexibility”, was to be used on station wagons. When Volvo introduced the first generation S40 and V40 in 1995, they were announced as the S4 and F4. However, Audi complained that it had inherent rights to the S4 name, since it names its sporty vehicles “S”, and the yet to be introduced sport version of the Audi A4 would have the S4 name. Volvo agreed to add a second digit, so the vehicles became the S40 and F40. However, that led to another complaint from Ferrari, who used the Ferrari F40 name on their legendary sports car. This led to Volvo switching the “F” to “V”, for versatile.[96][97][98]
【参考译文】最初，沃尔沃计划采用不同的命名方案。S和C是相同的，但是“F”代表“灵活性”，用于旅行车。当沃尔沃在1995年推出第一代S40和V40时，它们被宣布为S4和F4。然而，奥迪抱怨说它拥有S4名称的固有权利，因为它将其运动型车辆命名为“S”，而即将推出的奥迪A4的运动版将使用S4的名称。沃尔沃同意添加第二个数字，因此这些车辆变成了S40和F40。然而，这引起了法拉利的另一种抱怨，他们将自己的传奇跑车命名为法拉利F40。这导致沃尔沃将“F”改为“V”，表示多功能。[96][97][98]

3.5 未来型号 | Future models

3.6 概念车 | Concept cars

图3-11（发布于知乎想法）

4. 替代推进系统 | Alternative propulsion

In 2019, Volvo announced that it plans to produce only fully electrified cars from the year 2040 onwards. From 2040, it plans to no longer produce internal combustion engine powered vehicles.[91] In March 2021, Volvo doubled down on these plans and committed to being an electric-only car maker by 2030.[101]
【参考译文】2019年，沃尔沃宣布计划从2040年开始只生产全电动车辆。从2040年起，沃尔沃计划不再生产内燃机动力汽车。[91] 2021年3月，沃尔沃加倍努力实施这些计划，并承诺到2030年成为一家纯电动汽车制造商。[101]

4.1 灵活燃料车辆 | Flexible-fuel vehicles

Further information: flexible-fuel vehicle【更多信息：灵活燃料车辆】

In 2005, Volvo introduced to the Swedish market the company’s first E85 flexifuel models. Volvo introduced its S40 and V50 with flexible-fuel engines, joined in late 2006 by the then new C30. All Volvo models were initially restricted to the Swedish market, until 2007, when these three models were launched in eight new European markets.[102] In 2008, Volvo launched the V70 with a 2.5-litre turbocharged flexifuel engine.[103]
【参考译文】2005年，沃尔沃向瑞典市场推出了该公司的首批E85灵活燃料车型。沃尔沃推出了搭载灵活燃料发动机的S40和V50，随后在2006年底加入了当时全新的C30。所有沃尔沃车型最初仅限于瑞典市场，直到2007年，这三款车型才在欧洲八个新市场推出。[102] 2008年，沃尔沃推出了搭载2.5升涡轮增压灵活燃料发动机的V70。[103]

图4-1（发布于知乎想法）

4.2 插电混动车 | Plug-in hybrids

Further information: Volvo ReCharge and Volvo V70 Plug-in Hybrid【更多信息：沃尔沃 ReCharge 和沃尔沃 V70 插电式混合动力】

The Volvo ReCharge is a plug-in hybrid concept car with an all-electric range (AER) of 60 miles (97 km). It was officially unveiled at the 2007 Frankfurt Auto Show.[104]
【参考译文】沃尔沃 ReCharge 是一款插电式混合动力概念车，其全电动续航里程（AER）为60英里（97公里）。它于2007年法兰克福车展正式亮相。[104]

On 1 June 2009, Volvo announced the launching of series production diesel-electric plug-in hybrids by 2012.[105][106][107] The company plans to sell a series hybrid with the goal of achieving emissions of less than 50 grams of CO2 per kilometer.[106][107] As part of a joint venture with Vattenfall, a Swedish energy company, Volvo converted two Volvo V70 to plug-in hybrid demonstrators that have been in field testing in Göteborg, Sweden since December 2009.[108] Vattenfall offered customers participating in this trial the supply of renewable electricity generated from wind power or hydropower.[109] Among other challenges, this test has allowed to experience the all-electric range at low temperatures, which has been a disadvantage of plug-in vehicles.[107][108][109]
【参考译文】2009年6月1日，沃尔沃宣布将于2012年前推出系列生产柴油电动插电式混合动力汽车。[105][106][107]该公司计划销售一系列混合动力汽车，目标是实现每公里排放的二氧化碳不超过50克。[106][107]作为与瑞典能源公司Vattenfall的合资企业的一部分，沃尔沃将两辆沃尔沃V70改装为插电式混合动力演示车，自2009年12月以来一直在瑞典哥德堡进行实地测试。[108] Vattenfall为参与此试验的客户提供由风能或水力发电产生的可再生能源电力供应。[109]除了其他挑战之外，这项测试还允许在低温下体验全电动范围，这是插电式车辆的一个缺点。[107][108][109]

4.3 纯电车 | Electric car

Further information: Volvo C30 DRIVe Electric【更多信息：沃尔沃 C30 DRIVe 电动汽车】

图4-2至4-4（发布于知乎想法）

The Volvo C30 DRIVe Electric concept car was exhibited at the 2010 Paris Motor Show and Volvo announced that field testing will begin in 2011, in the US, Europe, and China.[110] The C30 DRIVe electric car has a lithium-ion battery, a top speed of 130 km/h (81 mph), and an all-electric range of up to 150 kilometres (93 mi). Field testing began in 2010 with 10 units in Göteborg, Sweden.[111]
【参考译文】沃尔沃 C30 DRIVe Electric 概念车于2010年巴黎车展展出，沃尔沃宣布将于2011年在美国、欧洲和中国开始进行实地测试。[110] C30 DRIVe 电动车配备了锂离子电池，最高时速为130公里/小时（81英里/小时），全电动续航里程可达150公里（93英里）。实地测试于2010年在瑞典哥德堡开始，使用了10辆测试车辆。[111]

4.4 燃气涡轮混合动力 | Gas-turbine Hybrid

Further information: Volvo ECC【更多信息：沃尔沃环境概念车】

The Volvo ECC (Environmental Concept Car) was exhibited at the 1992 Paris Motor Show. The vehicles range on batteries alone was 90 miles (140 km), and when combined with a full tank of fuel for the turbine, about 415 miles (668 km).
【参考译文】沃尔沃ECC（环保概念车）于1992年巴黎车展上展出。该车的电池续航里程为90英里（140公里），当与涡轮的油箱结合使用时，大约可行驶415英里（668公里）。

4.5 Drive-E发动机 | Drive-E engines

Starting in the 2015 model year (Volvo S60, V60, and XC60), Volvo introduced a line of forced-induction four-cylinder engines, dubbed “Drive-E”,[112] to increase the efficiency of their models without sacrificing performance. These engines also debuted throughout the lineup that year, and also appeared in the second-generation Volvo XC90. Hybridized versions of these engines would, in theory, have enough power to match eight-cylinder engines.
【参考译文】从2015年车型年开始（沃尔沃S60、V60和XC60），沃尔沃引入了一系列强制进气四缸发动机，被称为“Drive-E”，[112]旨在提高其车型的效率，同时不牺牲性能。这些发动机也在那一年的整个车型系列中首次亮相，并出现在第二代沃尔沃XC90中。理论上，这些发动机的混合动力版本将具有足够的功率来匹敌八缸发动机。

5. 生产地点 | Production locations

Further information: List of Volvo Car production plants【更多信息：沃尔沃汽车生产工厂列表】

（1）瑞典 | Sweden

（2）比利时 | Belgium

（3）中国 | China

  • Chengdu (Zhongjia Automobile Manufacturing) 2013–present
    【参考译文】成都（中嘉汽车制造）2013年至今
  • Daqing (Daqing Volvo Car Manufacturing) 2014–present
    【参考译文】大庆（大庆沃尔沃汽车制造）2014年至今
  • Luqiao (Zhejiang Geely Manufacturing) 2016–present
    【参考译文】路桥（浙江吉利制造）2016年至今
  • Zhangjiakou (engines)
    【参考译文】张家口（发动机）

（4）马来西亚 | Malaysia

（5）印度 | India

（6）美国 | United States

6. 其他设施 | Other facilities

瑞典 | Sweden

  • Gothenburg (Volvo Cars Headquarters, R&D and Safety Center)
    【参考译文】哥德堡（沃尔沃汽车总部、研发中心和安全中心）
  • Hedared (Hällered Proving Ground)
    【参考译文】海勒尔达（Hällered Proving Ground）

7. 发动机型号 | Engine types

See also: List of Volvo engines【参见：沃尔沃发动机列表】

Volvo uses in-line, or straight engines in their production vehicles. Volvo is also known for the application of the in-line 5-cylinder engine to its vehicle line up since its introduction in 1991 in the Volvo 850.
【参考译文】沃尔沃在其生产车辆中使用直列或直列发动机。自1991年在沃尔沃850中首次推出以来，沃尔沃也以其将直列五缸发动机应用于其车型而闻名。

  • Side valve six – fitted into the PV651/2, TR671/4, PV653/4, TR676/9, PV658/9, PV36, PV51/2, PV53/6, PV801/2, PV821/2, PV831/2 and PV60 from 1929 to 1958
  • B4B and B14A – fitted into the Volvo PV and Volvo Duett from 1947 to 1956
  • B16 (A and B) – fitted into the PV, Duett and Volvo Amazon from 1957 to 1960
  • B18 and B20 – 1.8 L/2.0 L OHV 8v fitted into all Volvo models from 1961 to 1974 except 164 (and 1975 US spec 240 models).
  • B19,   B21,   and B23 – fitted from 1975
  • B200 and B230 – 2.0 L and 2.3 L, respectively, SOHC 8v fitted to 240, 360, 700, 940 series cars from 1985
  • B204 and B234 – 2.0 L and 2.3 L DOHC 16 valve engines
  • B27/B28 and B280 – 2.7 and 2.8 L SOHC 12v developed together with Renault and Peugeot
  • B30 – fitted to all 164 models

8. 变速箱 | Transmissions

Volvo automatic transmissions in the past were made by the ZF Friedrichshafen company, but now the transmissions are co-developed with Aisin of Japan. Geartronic is Volvo Cars’ name for its manumatic transmission.
【参考译文】沃尔沃过去的自动变速器由德国ZF Friedrichshafen公司制造，但现在的变速器是与日本爱信共同开发的。Geartronic是沃尔沃汽车对其手动变速器的命名。

8.1 自动变速箱 | Automatic transmissions

8.2 手动变速箱 | Manual transmissions

9. SPA架构

‘’‘SPA’‘’（英语：Scalable Product Architecture）是沃尔沃汽车开发的一种模块化平台，用于生产中大型车型。该平台于2014年首次应用于XC90，后来扩展到S90、V90、S60、V60和极星2等车型。[13]

SPA架构的特点是可以灵活调整车身长度、宽度和高度，以适应不同的设计和市场需求。该平台还支持多种动力系统，包括汽油、柴油、混合动力和纯电动。[4]SPA架构是为了提高生产效率和降低成本而开发的，也有利于提升车辆的安全性能和驾驶体验。[14]

10. 汽车运动 | Motorsport

维基百科的官方说明

参考译文：本节需要更多可靠的来源进行验证。请帮助通过添加可靠来源的引用来改进这篇文章。未标明来源的材料可能会受到质疑并被删除。
查找来源：“沃尔沃汽车” – 新闻、报纸、书籍、学者、JSTOR（2017年10月）(了解如何和何时删除此模板消息)

图10-1至10-5（发布于知乎想法）

In 1959, Volvo had set up its own motorsport department. This led to Volvo enjoying worldwide success in the motorsport arena throughout the early 1960s. In 1961, Gran Premio de Argentina Gunnar Andersson was appointed Volvo’s competition department manager, signing a number of drivers, including Carl-Magnus Skogh, Tom Trana and Ewy Rosqvist, though he himself still continued to compete in rallies. In 1964, Volvo made heavy investments in the Safari Rally, entering four Volvo PV544s in the 1964 competition. A PV544, borrowed from Volvo and then modified[117] and driven by Joginder and Jaswant Singh won the Safari Rally in 1965.[118]
In 1959, Volvo had set up its own motorsport department. This led to Volvo enjoying worldwide success in the motorsport arena throughout the early 1960s. In 1961, Gran Premio de Argentina Gunnar Andersson was appointed Volvo’s competition department manager, signing a number of drivers, including Carl-Magnus Skogh, Tom Trana and Ewy Rosqvist, though he himself still continued to compete in rallies. In 1964, Volvo made heavy investments in the Safari Rally, entering four Volvo PV544s in the 1964 competition. A PV544, borrowed from Volvo and then modified[117] and driven by Joginder and Jaswant Singh won the Safari Rally in 1965.[118]
【参考译文】1959年，沃尔沃成立了自己的赛车部门。这导致沃尔沃在60年代初在赛车领域取得了全球范围内的成功。1961年，格兰普雷米奥德阿根廷拉力赛（Gran Premio de Argentina）的冠军吉纳尔·安德森（Gunnar Andersson）被任命为沃尔沃的竞技部门经理，签约了包括卡尔-马格努斯·斯科格（Carl-Magnus Skogh）、汤姆·特拉纳（Tom Trana）和厄威·罗斯克维斯特（Ewy Rosqvist）在内的一些车手，尽管他自己仍然继续参加拉力赛。1964年，沃尔沃在非洲Safari拉力赛上进行了大规模的投资，派出了四辆沃尔沃PV544参加了1964年的比赛。其中一辆PV544从沃尔沃借来，然后进行了改装，由约金德尔和贾斯旺特·辛格（Joginder and Jaswant Singh）驾驶，赢得了1965年的Safari拉力赛。

Volvo entered the European Touring Car Championship with the Volvo 240 Turbo in the 1980s. In the 1984 European Touring Car Championship, the Swedish team Sportpromotion won the EG Trophy at Zolder circuit, followed by placing second in the Mugello. In 1985, Volvo signed Swiss engine guru Ruedi Eggenberger to run its works team through Eggenberger Motorsport. Team drivers Gianfranco Brancatelli and Thomas Lindström led the 240T to victory in the 1985 ETCC.
【参考译文】沃尔沃在20世纪80年代以沃尔沃240 Turbo进入欧洲房车锦标赛。1984年，瑞典车队Sportpromotion在佐尔德赛道赢得了EG奖杯，随后在穆杰洛赛道上获得第二名。1985年，沃尔沃签下了瑞士引擎专家鲁迪·埃格伯格(Ruedi Eggenberger)来运营其工程团队通过Eggenberger Motorsport。车队车手吉安弗兰科·布兰卡泰利(Gianfranco Brancatelli)和托马斯·林德斯特伦(Thomas Lindström)带领240T在1985年ETCC中获胜。

Also in 1985, New Zealander Mark Petch had purchased a 240T from the Magnum team in Sweden (and claimed to run the only privateer Volvo 240T outside of Europe), and drivers Robbie Francevic and Michel Delcourt had also won the Wellington 500 street race in New Zealand in January. Francevic went on to finish 5th in the 1985 Australian Touring Car Championship, taking wins at Symmons Plains and Oran Park. The factory-supported Petch team also participated in the 1985 Bathurst 1000. Thomas Lindström later joined Francevic to win the 1986 Wellington 500. The Petch team become the Volvo Dealer Team in 1986, and expanded to two cars, with the other being for John Bowe, who had driven the Volvo with Francevic at the 1985 Bathurst 1000.
【参考译文】同样在1985年，新西兰人马克·佩奇从瑞典的马格南车队购买了一辆240T（并声称是欧洲以外唯一的私人沃尔沃240T），而车手罗比·弗朗西维克和米歇尔·德尔科特也在1月份赢得了新西兰惠灵顿500街头赛车。弗朗西维克继续在1985年澳大利亚房车锦标赛中获得第五名，在西蒙斯平原和奥兰公园获胜。由工厂支持的佩奇队还参加了1985年的巴瑟斯特1000。托马斯·林德斯特伦后来与弗朗西维克一起赢得了1986年的惠灵顿500。佩奇队于1986年成为沃尔沃经销商团队，并扩大到两辆车，另一辆是为约翰·鲍威准备的，他在1985年的巴瑟斯特1000中与弗朗西维克一起驾驶了沃尔沃。

Volvo contracted Belgian based team RAS Sport to be its works team in the ETCC in 1986, following Eggenberger moving to race Ford Sierra’s. This team included defending champion Lindström, joined by ex-Formula One and Grand Prix motorcycle racer Johnny Cecotto, as well as Ulf Granberg and Anders Olofsson. The team took wins at wins at Hockenheim, Anderstorp, Brno, Österreichring and Zolder, though the wins at Anderstorp and the Österreichring were disqualified due to the use of illegal fuel.
【参考译文】1986年，沃尔沃与比利时RAS Sport车队签订合同，成为其在ETCC中的工程团队，此前Eggenberger转向参加福特西拉比赛。该团队包括卫冕冠军林德斯特伦，前一级方程式和大奖赛摩托车赛车手乔尼·塞科托，以及乌尔夫·格兰伯格和安德斯·奥洛夫森。该团队在霍根海姆、安德斯多特、布尔诺、奥地利林格和佐尔德赢得了胜利，尽管在安德斯多特和奥地利林格的胜利因使用非法燃料而被取消。

The 240T also entered the Guia Race, part of the Macau Grand Prix in 1985, 1986 and 1987, winning in both 1985 and 1986.
【参考译文】240T也进入了1985年、1986年和1987年的澳门大奖赛的Guia Race ，并在1985年和1986年获胜。

Volvo also saw success in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft (German Touring Car Championship), with a 240 Turbo driven by Per Stureson winning the 1985 DTM.
【参考译文】沃尔沃也在德国房车锦标赛中取得了成功，由佩尔·斯图尔森驾驶的240涡轮在1985年赢得了德国房车锦标赛。

Volvo also entered the British Touring Car Championship in the 1990s with Tom Walkinshaw Racing. This partnership was responsible for the controversial 850 Estate racing cars, driven by Rickard Rydell and Jan Lammers and with a best qualifying placing of third and a best race finish of fifth, which was only rendered uncompetitive when the FIA allowed the use of aerodynamic aids in 1995. TWR then built and ran the works 850 Saloon, with six wins in 1995, and five wins in 1996, and a S40, with one win in 1997 in the BTCC, as well as Volvo placing third in the Manufacturers Championship, both in 1995 and 1996. In 1998, TWR Volvo won the British Touring Car Championship with Rickard Rydell driving the S40R.
【参考译文】沃尔沃还于20世纪90年代与汤姆·沃金肖赛车队一起参加了英国房车锦标赛。这一合作关系负责制造有争议的850 Estate赛车，由里卡多·莱德尔和扬·拉默斯驾驶，最佳排位第三，最佳比赛第五，只有在1995年国际汽联允许使用空气动力学辅助装置时才变得没有竞争力。TWR随后建造并运行了850 Saloon ，在1995年和1996年分别获得6次和5次胜利，以及S40 ，在1997年的BTCC中获得1次胜利，此外，沃尔沃在1995年和1996年都获得了制造商锦标赛的第三名。1998年， TWR沃尔沃车队凭借里卡多·莱德尔驾驶的S40R赢得了英国房车锦标赛冠军。

Volvo also competed in the Super Touring category with the 850 across Europe and in Australia. Australian race car driver Peter Brock drove an 850 T5 with Tony Scott in the 1994 James Hardie 12 Hour production car race at Bathurst, finishing 25th. He also drove an 850 saloon in the 1996 Australian Super Touring Championship, placing sixth in the Drivers’ Championship.
【参考译文】沃尔沃还在欧洲和澳大利亚的超级巡回赛中以850参赛。澳大利亚赛车手彼得·布罗克在1994年詹姆斯·哈迪12小时生产车比赛中，与托尼·斯科特一起驾驶850 T5，最终排名第25位。他还在1996年澳大利亚超级巡回锦标赛中驾驶了一辆850轿车，在车手锦标赛中获得第六名。

Volvo regularly entered the S60 in the Swedish Touring Car Championship, where it finished 2nd in the drivers’ championship twice and won the manufacturers’ title once. The S60 continued to be raced after the formation of the Scandinavian Touring Car Championship, a merger of the Swedish and Danish touring car championships. Thed Björk won three consecutive titles from 2013 to 2015, driving an S60 prepared by Polestar Racing.
【参考译文】沃尔沃经常在瑞典房车锦标赛中使用S60，曾两次获得车手冠军第二名，并且一次获得制造商冠军。在成立斯堪的纳维亚房车锦标赛后，S60继续参加比赛，这是瑞典和丹麦房车锦标赛的合并。特德·比约克（Thed Björk）在2013年至2015年连续三次夺冠，驾驶的S60是由极星赛车队（Polestar Racing）准备的。

From 2002 to 2007, there was an S60 one-make racing series as a support series to the Swedish Touring Car Championship known as the S60 Challenge Cup, using 26 factory-modified S60s.
【参考译文】从2002年到2007年，有一个S60单厂赛车系列作为瑞典房车锦标赛的支持系列被称为S60挑战杯 ，使用26个工厂改装的S60 。

An S60 was driven by Robert Dahlgren in the Swedish round of the 2007 World Touring Car Championship.
【参考译文】2007年世界房车锦标赛瑞典站中，罗伯特·达尔格伦驾驶一辆S60赛车。

The first generation S60 made its competitive debut in 2006, racing in the Speed World Challenge GT class. The second-generation model was introduced for the 2009 season. In 2010, its programme was expanded to include the SCAA Pro Racing World Challenge, where it won both the drivers’ and manufacturers’ championships in the GT class. The programme was expanded again in 2011, to include the Pirelli World Challenge.[119]
【参考译文】第一代S60于2006年首次亮相，参加了Speed World Challenge GT级别的比赛。第二代车型于2009赛季推出。2010年，其项目扩展到包括SCAA Pro Racing World Challenge，其中它在GT级别中赢得了车手和制造商的冠军。该项目在2011年再次扩大，包括Pirelli World Challenge。[119]

In 2008, Volvo entered the Swedish Touring Car Championship with a C30 powered by bioethanol E85 fuel. Robert Dahlgren and Tommy Rustad were the drivers, finishing 5th and 10th respectively in the championship. Volvo had also signalled their intentions to enter the 2009 British Touring Car Championship with the same car.[120]
【参考译文】2008年，沃尔沃进入瑞典房车锦标赛与C30由生物乙醇E85燃料提供动力。罗伯特·达尔格伦和汤米·拉斯达德是司机，分别在锦标赛中完成了第5名和第10名。沃尔沃还表示他们打算进入2009年英国房车锦标赛与同一辆车。[120]

Volvo entered the V8 Supercars Championship with two S60s in 2014 with Garry Rogers Motorsport, and were immediately competitive.[121] Following ten pole positions and four race wins, Scott McLaughlin finished fifth in the championship and was awarded the Barry Sheene Medal.[122]
【参考译文】2014年，沃尔沃进入V8超级车锦标赛与两辆S60由加里·罗杰斯赛车运动，并立即具有竞争力。[121]在十次杆位和四次比赛胜利之后，斯科特·麦克劳克林在锦标赛中排名第五，并被授予巴里·希恩奖章。[122]

11. 营销 | Marketing

The name Volvo is Latin for “I roll”.
【参考译文】“Volvo”这个名字在拉丁语中的意思是“我滚动”。

图11-1和11-2（发布于知乎想法）

The Volvo symbol is an ancient chemistry sign for iron. The iron sign is used to symbolize the strength of iron used in the car as Sweden is known for its quality iron. The diagonal line (a strip of metal) across the grille came about to hold the actual symbol, a circle with an arrow, in front of the radiator.[123]
【参考译文】沃尔沃的标志是古代化学符号中的铁。铁的符号用来象征汽车中使用的铁的强度，因为瑞典以其优质的铁而闻名。格栅上的对角线（一条金属条）是为了在散热器前固定实际的标志，一个带有箭头的圆圈。[123]

11.2 赞助 | Sponsorship

Volvo has, since the 1950s, had special international sales programs for customers assigned abroad, for example Diplomat Sales, Military Sales and Expat Sales.
【参考译文】自上世纪50年代以来，沃尔沃一直针对被派往海外的客户设立了特殊的国际销售计划，例如外交官销售、军事销售和外籍人士销售。

The Volvo trademark is now jointly owned (50/50) by Volvo Group and Volvo Car Group.[124] One of the main promotional activities for the brand is the sailing Race Volvo Ocean Race, formerly known as the Whitbread Around the World Race. There is also a Volvo Baltic Race and Volvo Pacific Race, and Volvo likes to encourage its image by sponsoring golf tournaments all over the world including major championship events called the Volvo Masters and Volvo China Open.
【参考译文】沃尔沃商标现在由沃尔沃集团和沃尔沃汽车集团共同拥有（各占50%）。[124]品牌的主要推广活动之一是帆船赛事沃尔沃环球帆船赛，前身为惠特布雷德环球帆船赛。还有沃尔沃波罗的海帆船赛和沃尔沃太平洋帆船赛，沃尔沃喜欢通过赞助世界各地的高尔夫锦标赛来提升其形象，包括被称为沃尔沃大师赛和沃尔沃中国公开赛的主要锦标赛事件。

Volvo sponsored the Volvo Ocean Race, the world’s leading round-the-world yacht race for the first time in 2001–02. The next edition was to take place between 2011 and 2012. Volvo has also had a long-standing commitment to the International Sailing Federation (ISAF) and is involved in the Volvo/ISAF World Youth Sailing Championships since 1997.
【参考译文】沃尔沃在2001-02年首次赞助了沃尔沃环球帆船赛，这是世界领先的环球帆船赛。下一届比赛将在2011年至2012年间举行。沃尔沃还长期致力于国际帆船联合会（ISAF），并自1997年以来参与了沃尔沃/ISAF世界青年帆船锦标赛。

In 2011, Volvo Cars is the main sponsor of the winter sports and music festival Snowbombing in Austria.
【参考译文】2011年，沃尔沃汽车是奥地利冬季运动和音乐节Snowbombing的主要赞助商。

In 2012, Volvo signed NBA star Jeremy Lin to an endorsement agreement for two years to participate in Volvo’s corporate and marketing activities as a “brand ambassador” for Volvo Car Corp.[125]
【参考译文】2012年，沃尔沃与NBA球星林书豪签订了为期两年的代言协议，让他作为沃尔沃汽车公司的“品牌大使”参与沃尔沃的企业和市场营销活动。[125]

In 2015, Volvo signed a deal with Chennaiyin FC, a football franchise team of the Indian Super League as a side shirt sponsor.
【参考译文】2015年，沃尔沃与印度超级联赛的足球俱乐部金奈因FC签订了一项协议，成为球队侧衫的赞助商。

11.3 电子游戏 | Video games

Main article: Volvo – The Game【主条目：沃尔沃 – 游戏】

In May 2009, Volvo – The Game was released. It was developed by Simbin Studios (now Sector3 Studios).[126]
【参考译文】2009年5月，沃尔沃-游戏（Volvo – The Game）发布了。这款游戏由SimBin Studios（现在的Sector3 Studios）开发。

12. 沃尔沃商标诉讼 | Volvo trademark lawsuit

In 1990, Volvo Cars filed a lawsuit against Hong Kong-based Club Volvo night club for infringement in Hong Kong High Court. The lawsuit ended with settlement where the night club paid 1 dollar to Volvo Cars. Since then, Club Volvo had been renamed to Club Borubo (the Japanese pronunciation of “Volvo”), and then Club Bboss (reference to Big Boss).[127][128][129]
【参考译文】1990 年，沃尔沃汽车在香港高等法院起诉香港的沃尔沃俱乐部夜总会侵权。诉讼以夜总会向沃尔沃汽车支付 1 美元和解而告终。此后，沃尔沃俱乐部更名为 Borubo 俱乐部（“沃尔沃”的日语发音），然后更名为 Bboss 俱乐部（Big Boss 的缩写）。[127][128][129]

参见、参考文献、外部链接

请点击这里访问（辽观网站）

分享到：