宁德时代 / CATL – 中英文维基百科词条融合

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封面图片：Logo von Contemporary Amperex Technology
参考译文：宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司标志
此图片属于公共领域

{维基百科的官方消歧义提示} 此条目介绍的是宁德时代新能源科技。关于宁德新能源科技，请见“新能源科技”。

宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司（英语：Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited，简称CATL）是一家中国电池制造商和技术公司[1]， 成立于2011年，专门从事制造用于电动汽车和储能系统以及电池管理系统的锂离子电池。

In 2022, its global market share stood at 37%.[3]
【参考译文】截至2022年，其全球市场份额达到了37%。

宁德时代总部位于福建省宁德市。公司在全球已设立福建宁德、江苏溧阳、青海西宁、四川宜宾、广东肇庆、上海临港、福建厦门、江西宜春、贵州贵阳、山东济宁、河南洛阳、德国图林根州埃尔福特、匈牙利德布勒森十三大电池生产制造基地[2]。其中宁德基地和宜宾基地被世界经济论坛评选为全球灯塔工厂，这是锂电行业仅有的两座灯塔工厂[3]。宜宾基地是全球首家电池零碳工厂[4]。

1. 历史 | History

CATL was founded in Ningde, which is reflected in its Chinese name (‘Ningde era’). The company started as a spin-off of Amperex Technology Limited (ATL), a previous business founded by Robin Zeng in 1999. ATL initially manufactured lithium-polymer batteries based on licensed technology, but later developed more reliable battery designs themselves.[citation needed] In 2005 ATL was acquired by Japan’s TDK company, but Zeng continued as a manager for ATL. In 2012, Zeng and vice-chairman Huang Shilin spun-off the EV battery operations of ATL into the new company CATL. Until 2015, former parent TDK held a 15% stake in CATL.[5]
【参考译文】宁德时代（CATL）成立于中国宁德，其名称中的“宁德”即反映了这一点，意为“宁德时代”。该公司最初是作为安普瑞斯科技有限公司（Amperex Technology Limited，简称ATL）的衍生公司而成立的，ATL由曾毓群于1999年创立。ATL最初基于授权技术生产锂聚合物电池，但后来自行开发出了更可靠的电池设计。2005年，ATL被日本TDK公司收购，但曾毓群继续担任ATL的管理人员。2012年，曾毓群和副董事长黄世霖将ATL的电动汽车电池业务剥离出来，成立了新的公司CATL。直到2015年，原母公司TDK仍持有CATL 15%的股份。

Zeng has applied management styles of TDK and Huawei to his company.[5]
【参考译文】曾毓群将TDK和华为的管理风格应用到了他的公司中。

1.1 增长 | Growth

Due to the rise of electronic vehicles (EVs), CATL gradually became one of the leading battery providers in the world due to its early investments in EV battery technologies. China’s dominant position in the battery manufacturing supply chain, including the control over rare-earth materials, provided an ideal foundation for Chinese companies like CATL to decouple from the monopoly of Western technology. It started to provide components to the supply chains of European and American vehicle manufacturers amidst competition from Panasonic and L.G. Chemical.[6]
【参考译文】随着电动车（EVs）的兴起，CATL凭借其在电动车电池技术上的早期投资，逐渐成为世界领先的电池供应商之一。中国在电池制造供应链中的主导地位，包括对稀土材料的控制，为像CATL这样的中国企业提供了摆脱西方技术垄断的理想基础。面对来自松下和LG化学的竞争，它开始向欧洲和美国汽车制造商的供应链提供组件。

In 2016, CATL was the world’s third largest provider of EV, HEV and PHEV batteries, behind Panasonic (Sanyo) and BYD.[7] In 2017, CATL’s sales of power battery system reached 11.84GWh, taking the lead worldwide for the first time. [8]
【参考译文】2016年，CATL成为世界第三大EV（电动车）、HEV（混合动力车）和PHEV（插电式混合动力车）电池供应商，仅次于松下（三洋）和比亚迪。2017年，CATL的动力电池系统销量达到11.84GWh，首次在全球范围内领先。

2018年6月11日，宁德时代在深圳证券交易所上市[10]。同年宁德时代宣布将在德国图林根州阿恩施塔特建立新的电池工厂[11]。同时宝马宣布将从宁德时代购买价值40亿欧元的电池用于电动宝马 MINI和宝马 i车辆。

In 2018, it was announced that CATL would establish a new battery factory in Arnstadt, Thuringia, Germany.[9]
【参考译文】2018年，宣布CATL将在德国图林根州的阿恩施塔特建立一座新的电池工厂。

As the Chinese government started to phase out subsidies for EVs towards 2020, CATL sought to diversify its revenue overseas.[5] In June 2020, CATL’s founder Zeng Yuqun announced that the company had achieved a battery for electric vehicles (EVs) rated as good for 1 million miles (or 1.6 million kilometers) and was waiting to receive orders.[10][11] In the first half of 2022, CATL ranked first in the world with a market share of 34 percent, according to SNE research.[12]
【参考译文】随着中国政府在2020年逐步取消对电动车的补贴，CATL寻求在海外多元化其收入。2020年6月，CATL创始人曾毓群宣布公司已经研发出一种能够支持100万英里（或160万公里）续航里程的电动车电池，并且正在等待订单。根据SNE研究的数据，2022年上半年，CATL以34%的市场份额继续位居世界第一。

In 2022, CATL announced plans to establish a new battery factory in Debrecen, Hungary.[13]
【参考译文】2022年，CATL宣布计划在匈牙利德布勒森建立一座新的电池工厂。

2022年宁德时代全球动力电池使用量市占率37.0％，连续六年排名全球第一；2022年公司全球储能电池出货量市占率为43.4％，连续两年排名全球第一[5]。

《纽约时报》中文网2021年12月报道，宁德时代占据了全球电动汽车电池市场的三分之一。[6]

2. 合作伙伴 | Partnerships

Due to its main competitor BYD Company prioritizing battery supply to its own vehicles, CATL was able to capture partnerships with foreign automakers.[5] CATL’s battery technology is currently used by electric vehicle manufacturers in the international market, and CATL collaborates with companies including BMW,[14] Daimler AG, Hyundai,[15] Honda,[16] Li Auto, NIO, PSA,[17] Tesla, Toyota, Volkswagen, Volvo and XPeng.[18][11] In China, its clients include BAIC Motor, Geely, GAC Group, Yutong Bus, Zhongtong Bus, Xiamen King Long, SAIC Motor and Foton Motor.[19][20]
【参考译文】由于其主要竞争对手比亚迪公司优先为自家车辆供应电池，CATL能够与外国汽车制造商建立合作伙伴关系。目前，CATL的电池技术被国际市场的电动车制造商所使用，并且CATL与包括宝马[14]、戴姆勒集团、现代[15]、本田[16]、理想汽车、蔚来、标致雪铁龙集团[17]、特斯拉、丰田、大众汽车、沃尔沃和XPeng[18][11]等公司合作。在中国，其客户包括北汽集团、吉利、广汽集团、宇通客车、中通客车、厦门金龙、上汽集团和福田汽车[19][20]。

In January 2017, CATL announced its plans to enter into a strategic partnership with Valmet Automotive, focusing its collaboration on project management, engineering and battery pack supply for EV and HEV. As part of the partnership, CATL acquired a 22% stake in Valmet Automotive.[21][22]
【参考译文】2017年1月，CATL宣布计划与瓦尔梅特汽车建立战略合作伙伴关系，合作重点集中在项目管理、工程以及电动车和混合动力车电池组的供应上。作为合作伙伴关系的一部分，CATL获得了瓦尔梅特汽车22%的股份[21][22]。

BMW announced in 2018 that it would buy €4 billion worth of batteries from CATL for use in the electric Mini and iNext vehicles.[9]
【参考译文】宝马在2018年宣布，将从CATL购买价值40亿欧元的电池，用于电动Mini和iNext车型[9]。

In July 2022, Ford announced buying batteries from CATL for use in the Ford Mustang Mach-E and Ford F-150 Lightning models,[23] which subsequently raised concerns with the United States House Select Committee on Strategic Competition between the United States and the C￥i￥e￥e C￥m￥u￥i￥t P￥r￥y.[24]
【参考译文】在2022年7月，福特宣布将从宁德时代（CATL）购买电池，用于福特野马 Mach-E 和福特 F-150 Lightning 模型，这引起了美国众议院战略竞争特别委员会对美国与中￥共￥￥之间的关切 。

In October 2022, CATL expands deal with VinFast to provide skateboard chassis for EVs and ‘enhance global footprint.’[25]
【参考译文】2022年10月，CATL扩大了与VinFast的交易，提供滑板底盘给电动车并“增强全球足迹”。[25]

2023年1月，宁德时代与UL Solutions签署战略合作谅解备忘录，推动电池储能系统和动力电池更加安全可靠地落地应用。[27]

此图片遵循CC BY 3.0协议

图片题注：CATL signs MoU with HKSTP
参考译文：CATL与香港科技园公司（HKSTP）签订了谅解备忘录（MoU）。

图片作者：China News Service

In 2023, Ford announced a plan to build an EV battery plant in Marshall, Michigan using technology from CATL. The facility would be a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ford and is expected to employ about 2,500 workers. Ford says doing so would bring production to the US and reduce the import of batteries, which many vehicle manufacturers engage in. The construction was paused after lawmakers raised questions about how tax subsidies to Ford would be distributed.[26][27]
【参考译文】2023年，福特宣布计划在密歇根州马歇尔建造一个电动车电池工厂，使用CATL的技术。该设施将是福特的全资子公司，预计将雇佣约2500名工人。福特表示这样做将把生产带到美国并减少电池进口，这是许多汽车制造商所从事的。在立法者对如何分配给福特的税收补贴提出问题后，建设被暂停了[26][27]。

2023年12月7日，宁德时代与香港科技园公司签署合作备忘录，宁德时代宣布将在香港科学园设立国际研发中心，总投资超过12亿港元，以促进新能源科技创新，推动香港可持续发展。[28]

2023年12月，出于安全考虑，杜克能源将勒琼营的宁德时代生产的电池断离。[29][30]2024年度美国国防授权法也禁止美国为宁德时代的产品提供国防资金。[31]

Further information: United States sanctions against China【更多信息：美国对中国的制裁】

3. 技术 | Technology

According to former Tesla battery supply chain manager Vivas Kumar, CATL “are seen as the leaders of lithium iron phosphate battery (LFP battery) technology”. The company employs the cell-to-pack method to reduce the inactive weight of its batteries. It increases volume utilization rate by 15% to 20%, doubles the production efficiency and reduces the number of parts for a battery pack by 40%, while the energy density of a battery pack jumps from 140 to 150 Wh/Kg to 200 Wh/Kg.[29]
【参考译文】根据前特斯拉电池供应链经理Vivas Kumar的说法，CATL被视为“锂铁磷电池（LFP电池）技术的领导者”。该公司采用从电芯到电池组的方法来减少其电池的非活性重量。这种方法将体积利用率提高了15%到20%，生产效率翻倍，并将电池组的部件数量减少了40%，同时电池组的能量密度从每千克140到150瓦时跃升至200瓦时[29]。

According to Kumar, unlike competitors such as LG Chem or SK Innovation, CATL is more willing to adapt outside technology, as opposed to applying a full in-house design.[5]
【参考译文】根据Kumar的说法，与LG Chem或SK Innovation等竞争对手不同，CATL更愿意采用外部技术，而不是完全应用内部设计[5]。

In 2021 the company unveiled a sodium-ion battery for the automotive market.[30] A battery recycling facility is planned to recover some of the materials.[31]
【参考译文】2021年，该公司推出了针对汽车市场的钠离子电池[30]。计划建立一家电池回收设施以回收部分材料[31]。

In 2022, CATL’s Yibin manufacturing plant was certified as the world’s first zero-carbon battery factory.[32]
【参考译文】2022年，CATL的宜宾制造工厂被认证为世界上第一个零碳电池工厂[32]。

According to 36Kr, CATL prioritizes cost and operational efficiency over innovation for new products and production techniques. In production, standardization helps CATL reduce wastage, stabilize quality of products, and offer cheaper replacements for end users, but also restricts the company’s ability to develop products for clients to match their designs.[18]
【参考译文】据36氪报道，CATL在新产品和生产技术方面优先考虑成本和运营效率而非创新。在生产中，标准化帮助CATL减少浪费、稳定产品质量，并为最终用户提供更便宜的替代品，但这也限制了公司为客户定制产品设计的能力[18]。

In 2023, CATL introduced its M3P battery, offering a 15% increase in energy density, reaching 210 Wh/kg. The battery replaces the iron in the lithium iron phosphate battery with a combination of magnesium, zinc, and aluminum.[33]
【参考译文】2023年，CATL推出了其M3P电池，能量密度提高了15%，达到了每千克210瓦时。该电池将锂铁磷电池中的铁元素用镁、锌和铝的混合物替换[33]。

Later that year, the company announced its Shenxing LFP battery.[34] The cathode of Shenxing LFP is fully nano-crystallized, which accelerates ion movement and the response to charging signals. The anode’s second-generation fast ion ring technology increases intercalation channels and shortens intercalation distance. Its superconducting electrolyte formula reduces viscosity and improves conductivity. A new separator film reduces resistance. At room temperature, Shenxing can charge from 0 to 80% in 10 minutes and in just 30 minutes at -10 °C, maintains 0-100 kph performance at low temperatures. Safety is enhanced by using a safe coating for the electrolyte and the separator. A real-time fault testing system allows safe and fast refueling.[34]
【参考译文】同年晚些时候，该公司宣布推出其申星LFP电池[34]。申星LFP的正极完全纳米化，这加速了离子运动和对充电信号的反应。负极的第二代快离子环技术增加了嵌入通道并缩短了嵌入距离。其超导电解液配方降低了粘度并提高了导电性。新型隔膜膜降低了电阻。在室温下，申星可以在10分钟内从0充至80%，在-10°C下只需30分钟，并在低温下保持0-100公里每小时的性能。通过为电解质和隔膜使用安全涂层，安全性得到了提升。实时故障检测系统允许安全且快速地加油。[34]

A. 参见（维基百科的相关词条）

List of electric-vehicle-battery manufacturers【电动汽车电池制造商列表】

B. 参考文献

B.1 英文词条的引用列表

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  21. “Valmet
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  28. “宁德时代国际研发中心落户香港”. Securities Times (in Chinese (China)). 8 December 2023. Archived from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  29. “CATL, BAIC BJEV jointly unveil the world’s first cell-to-pack battery pack”. 30 September 2019. Archived from the original on 24 December 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  30. “China’s CATL unveils sodium-ion battery – a first for a major car battery maker”. Reuters. 29 July 2021. Archived from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
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  32. 7“Yibin
    factory becomes the first zero-carbon factory of “Ningwang”. The
    competition of power battery has been upgraded from production capacity
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    world’s largest battery manufacturer CATL is to begin production of its
    M3P batteries, which are 15 per cent more energy dense than LFP
    (Lithium iron phosphate) batteries, and will perform better and cost
    less than nickel and cobalt-based batteries…The increased energy
    density now at (210 kWh/kg) will enable EVs like the Tesla Model 3 to
    get a range of around 700km with a similar sized battery pack to the
    existing LFP batteries CATL currently supplies Tesla.”
  34. Shahan, Zachary (16 August 2023). “Transformational Fast-Charging LFP Batteries — Coming Soon”. CleanTechnica. Archived from the original on 17 August 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
  35. Martina, Michael (7 December 2023). “Duke Energy disconnects CATL batteries from Marine Corps base over security concerns”. Reuters. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  36. “China’s CATL denies ‘espionage threat’ accusations”. Financial Times. 7 December 2023. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  37. Singh, Kanishka (7 December 2023). “Key provisions of the US Congress’ massive defense bill”. Reuters. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  38. “US to Ban Pentagon Battery Purchases From China’s CATL, BYD”. Bloomberg News. 19 January 2024. Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.

B.2 中文词条的引用列表

  1. 宁德时代官网. [2020-11-07]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-04）.
  2. 投资140亿，宁德时代新建第十三座电池工厂 | 界面新闻. m.jiemian.com. [2023-07-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-21）.
  3. 四川时代入选全球“灯塔工厂”. www.sc.chinanews.com.cn. [2023-07-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-22）.
  4. 宋阳. 宁德时代宜宾工厂成为全球首家电池零碳工厂. auto.cctv.com. [2023-07-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-23）.
  5. 宁德时代交出历史最好成绩！营收突破3000亿元，2022年还有多少亮点？. 金融界. [2023-07-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-25） （英语）.
  6. KEITH BRADSHER, 傅才德, 这家中国公司何以成为电动车时代大赢家, 紐約時報， 2021年12月22日,. [2021年12月22日]. （原始内容存档于2022年3月13日）.
  7. 猛虎难敌群狼宁德时代增长乏力揭示业绩隐忧. 中国新闻网. （原始内容存档于2020-01-04）.
  8. Power surge: Chinese electric car battery maker charges for global market. Reuters. 2016-12-25 [2017-03-29]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-13）.
  9. 宁德时代：低调崛起的独角兽,全球动力电池市占率17%排名第一. [2021-05-12]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-13）.
  10. 上市两年半股价涨超11倍，宁德时代市值破7000亿. [2021-05-31]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-02）.
  11. Geuss, Megan. Chinese firm will build battery factory in Germany to supply BMW, Volkswagen. Ars Technica. July 9, 2018 [2020-01-04]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-09）.
  12. xuxiaofu. 宁德时代麒麟电池被《时代》周刊评为2022年度最佳发明. www.sohu.com. [2023-03-21].[失效链接]
  13. 35亿美元！密歇根州！宁德时代和福特在美建厂进一步敲定细节_能见度_澎湃新闻-The Paper. www.thepaper.cn. [2023-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-13）.
  14. 宁德时代发布公告，将与特斯拉展开合作. [2021-05-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-16）.
  15. 宁德时代携手大众卡客车 共同推进全球商用车电动化进程. [2021-05-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-16）.
  16. 宝马与宁德时代签下40亿大单. [2021-05-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-16）.
  17. 日产/雷诺加速布局新能源车 与宁德时代达成合作. [2021-05-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-16）.
  18. Editorial, Reuters. PSA chooses LG and China’s CATL for batteries in future hybrid car. Reuters UK. [2017-03-29]. （原始内容存档于2017-03-07） （英国英语）.
  19. Hyundai chooses Chinese battery supplier. Nikkei. [2017-05-02]. （原始内容存档于2017-05-02）.
  20. China’s CATL to supply Honda with EV batteries through 2027. Nikkei Asian Review. [2019-03-01]. （原始内容存档于2019-02-28） （英国英语）.
  21. 宁德时代与捷豹路虎达成战略合作. [2021-05-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-16）.
  22. 宁德时代与沃尔沃签约，成为全球供应商之一. [2022-05-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-07）.
  23. Battery Maker Helping Power China Electric Car Boom Plans IPO. Bloomberg.com. 2016-09-01 [2017-03-29]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-05）.
  24. Global Li-ion Power Battery Industry Report, 2017-2020 with Focus on the Chinese Market – Research and Markets. [2017-03-29]（英语）.[永久失效链接]
  25. Valmet
    Automotive and CATL form a strategic partnership in electric vehicle
    solutions – CATL invests in Valmet Automotive to become an important
    owner. www.valmet-automotive.com. [2017-03-29]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-28） （英语）.
  26. Forsell, Tuomas. Chinese battery maker CATL buys stake in Finnish car supplier. Reuters. 2017-01-30 [2017-06-17]. （原始内容存档于2017-09-15）.
  27. 证券时报e公司. 宁德时代与UL Solutions携手推动电池安全性能提升. finance.sina.com.cn. 2023-01-18 [2023-03-15]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-16）.|author=和|last=只需其一 (帮助)
  28. 宁德时代国际研发中心落户香港. 证券时报. 2023-12-08 [2023-12-09]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-09）.
  29. Martina, Michael. Duke Energy disconnects CATL batteries from Marine Corps base over security concerns. Reuters. 2023-12-07 [2023-12-07]（英语）.
  30. China’s CATL denies ‘espionage threat’ accusations. Financial Times. 7 December 2023 [2023-12-07].
  31. Singh, Kanishka. Key provisions of the US Congress’ massive defense bill. Reuters. 2023-12-07 [2023-12-07]（英语）.

C. 外部链接 External links

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