比亚迪(股份公司)/ BYD company – (全文)中英文维基百科词条融合

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0. 概述

0.1 文字说明

BYD Company Limited or BYD (Chinese: 比亚迪; pinyin: Bǐyàdí) is a publicly listed Chinese multinational manufacturing conglomerate headquartered in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. It is a vertically integrated company with several major subsidiaries, including BYD Auto which produces automobiles, BYD Electronics which produces electronic parts and assembly, and FinDreams, a brand name of multiple companies that produces automotive components and electric vehicle batteries.
【参考译文】比亚迪股份有限公司(简称:比亚迪,中文:比亚迪;拼音:Bǐyàdí)是一家总部位于中国广东省深圳市的跨国制造集团,属于公开上市的企业。比亚迪是一家垂直整合的公司,拥有多个重要子公司,包括生产汽车的比亚迪汽车、生产电子部件和组装的比亚迪电子,以及生产汽车零部件和电动汽车电池的品牌FinDreams。

BYD was founded by Wang Chuanfu in February 1995 as a battery manufacturing company. BYD’s largest subsidiary, BYD Auto, was founded in 2003 and has grown to become the world’s largest manufacturer of plug-in electric vehicles.[13] Since 2009, BYD’s automotive business has contributed over 50% of its revenue. By 2023, it contributed over 80% of the company’s total revenue.[14][15] The company also produces rechargeable batteries (handset batteries, electric vehicle batteries and bulk storage), forklifts, solar panels, semiconductors, and rail transit network.[16][17] Through its subsidiary FinDreams Battery, BYD was the second largest electric vehicle battery producer globally in 2023 after CATL, by producing 15.8% of the world’s output.[18]
【参考译文】比亚迪由王传福于1995年2月创立,最初是一家电池制造公司。比亚迪最大的子公司比亚迪汽车成立于2003年,已经成为全球最大的插电式电动汽车制造商。自2009年起,比亚迪的汽车业务贡献了超过50%的营业收入。到2023年,这一比例超过了80%。该公司还生产可充电电池(手机电池、电动汽车电池和大规模储能)、叉车、太阳能板、半导体以及轨道交通网络。通过其子公司FinDreams Battery,比亚迪在2023年成为全球第二大电动汽车电池生产商,市场份额达到15.8%,仅次于宁德时代。

BYD has been the privately owned company with the largest workforce in China since 2022, ranking only below several state-owned companies. As of 2024, BYD employs 704,000 people, of which 102,000 are research and development (R&D) employees.[19] It also leads by patent applications, by filing over 13,000 patents between 2003 and 2023.[20]
【参考译文】自2022年起,比亚迪已成为中国拥有最多员工的私营企业,仅次于几家国有企业。截至2024年,比亚迪拥有70.4万名员工,其中研发人员10.2万人。比亚迪在专利申请方面也处于领先地位,2003年至2023年间共提交了超过1.3万份专利申请。

BYD’s stock is listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange with two types of shares (H and A respectively). The company was ranked 212th on the Fortune Global 500 in 2023.[21]
【参考译文】比亚迪的股票在香港证券交易所和深圳证券交易所上市,分别有H股和A股两种类型的股票。2023年,比亚迪在全球财富500强中排名第212位。

0.2 概况表格

Formerly
【前身】
Shenzhen BYD Battery Company Limited (1995–2002)
【深圳比亚迪电池有限公司(1995–2002)】
Company type
【公司类型】
Public【上市公司】
民营企业
Traded as
【上市交易情况】
SEHK港交所】: 1211H股蓝筹股
港交所81211(人民币结算)
SZSE深交所】: 002594
Industry
【公司类型】
Conglomerate【多行业企业集团】
Founded
【创立于】
10 February 1995【1995年2月10日】
Founder
【创立者】
Wang Chuanfu / 王传福
Headquarters
【总部】
中国广东省深圳市大鹏新区葵涌街道延安路1号;
深圳市坪山区比亚迪路3009号比亚迪园区
Area served
【服务范围】
Worldwide【全世界】
Key people
【关键人物】
Wang Chuanfu (chairman, CEO)【王传福(董事长,首席执行官)】
Products
【产品】
Automobiles【汽车】
automotive components【汽车零部件】
forklifts【叉车】
rechargeable batteries 【可充电电池】
photovoltaic systems【光伏系统】
handsets handset components 【手机及其组件】
semiconductors 【半导体】
monorail systems and cars【单轨系统和车辆】
Production output
【产量】
Increase 3.04 million vehicles (2023)【304万辆汽车(2023年)】
Increase 111.4 GWh electric vehicle batteries (2023)【111.4吉瓦时(GWh)/1亿1140万千瓦时 电动汽车电池(2023年)】
Revenue
【营业额】
Increase CN¥602.31 billion (2023)【人民币6023.1亿元(2023年)】
Operating income
【营业利润】
Increase CN¥38.1 billion (2023)【人民币381亿元(2023年)】
Net income
【净利润】
Increase CN¥31.34 billion (2023)【人民币313.4亿元(2023年)】
Total assets
【总资产】
Increase CN¥679.54 billion (2023)【人民币6795.4亿元(2023年)】
Total equity
【总股本(股东权益)】
Increase CN¥140 billion (2023)【增加人民币1400亿元(2023年)】
Owners
【股东】
Wang Chuanfu (17.6%)【王传福】
Lu Xiangyang (13.5%)【吕向阳】
Berkshire Hathaway (6.9%)【伯克希尔·哈撒韦】
Youngy Investment (5.3%)【永益投资】
Xia Zuoquan (2.8%)【夏佐全】
BlackRock (2.5%)【贝莱德(黑岩集团)】
Number of employees
【员工数量】
Increase 704,000 (2024)
【70.4万(2024年)】
Subsidiaries
【子公司】
BYD Auto【比亚迪汽车】
BYD Electronics (65.76%)【比亚迪电子,持股65.76%】
BYD Semiconductor【比亚迪半导体】
BYD Transit Solutions【比亚迪交通解决方案】
FinDreams【弗迪电池】
Website【网站】bydglobal.com
Footnotes / references【脚注/数据来源】
[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

0.3 公司名称

根据创办人王传福表示,比亚迪创办时以当时公司所在地深圳市亚迪村命名为“亚迪电子”,后来考虑到在各种宣传活动中,各厂商的名称都按字母排列,为了能在名单上排在前面,于是加了个“比”字。至于选择“比”字而不是其他名称的原因,王传福则表示仅仅是为了容易通过公司注册而想出来的“怪名字”。后来因应公司规模扩张而树立企业形象时,就以公司名称的拼音缩写为基础建立了企业口号“Build Your Dreams”。[2][3]

1. 历史 | History

BYD was founded on 10 February 1995 as Shenzhen BYD Battery Company Limited, with a focus on rechargeable nickel–cadmium (NiCd) batteries.[27] While working as a vice supervisor at the Beijing Nonferrous Research Institute, BYD’s founder, Wang Chuanfu, noticed an opportunity presented by the shift in Japanese companies from NiCd to high-value nickel–metal hydride (NiMH) and lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. He moved to Shenzhen with his cousin Lu Xiangyang and founded the company in 1995 to capitalize on the opportunity.[28] Wang started his business in the back alleys of Buji, a neighbourhood in Shenzhen. Having achieved little success, in 1997 Wang moved his business, also consisting of a battery research institute to Longgang in Shenzhen, where BYD started receiving orders from multinational companies.[29]
【参考译文】比亚迪于1995年2月10日成立,最初名为深圳比亚迪电池有限公司,主要专注于可充电镍镉(NiCd)电池的生产。[27] 在担任北京有色金属研究院副主管期间,比亚迪创始人王传福注意到了日本企业从镍镉转向高价值镍氢(NiMH)和锂离子(Li-ion)电池所带来的机遇。他与表弟吕向阳一起搬到了深圳,并于1995年创立了公司以抓住这个机会。[28] 王传福最初在深圳布吉的一个小巷里开始了他的事业。起初并未取得太大成功,在1997年,他将自己的业务以及一个电池研究所搬迁至深圳龙岗,并开始接到跨国公司的订单。[29]

1995年2月,王传福在深圳龙岗创建比亚迪实业公司[4],起初以生产镍镉电池镍氢电池为主[5]。1996年,比亚迪正式进入锂电池行业[6]

1997年,比亚迪实业公司已在全球镍镉电池的市场份额中占据第四位[7]。同年,亚洲金融危机爆发,王传福为拓宽公司收入,奔赴当时占据全球锂电池市场90%的日本寻求引入先进的锂电池生产设备,但因日方对锂电池的洁净车间生产线开价过高,便未从日本引进生产线[8]。王传福在返回中国后投入研发成本相对较低的洁净箱,并开始探索利用人工在洁净箱内制造锂电池[8]

BYD grew its business in its early days by implementing a redesigned manufacturing approach by incorporating more manual labour, in contrast of the capital-intensive and highly automated processes in Japan. This manufacturing process, along with in-house production of key machinery, contributed to a substantial reduction in unit costs compared to Japanese competitors by around five or six times lower.[30]
【参考译文】比亚迪在其早期发展阶段通过实施一种重新设计的生产方法而迅速成长,这种方法更多地采用了人工劳动,与日本高度自动化和资本密集型的生产过程形成对比。这种生产流程加上关键设备的内部生产,使得单位成本相比日本竞争对手降低了大约五到六倍。[30]

1998年,比亚迪实业公司开始量产锂离子电池。2000年11月,比亚迪成为摩托罗拉锂离子电池供应商[8],2002年成为诺基亚首个中国锂离子电池供应商[6]。同年,比亚迪进行股份制改组,并于7月在香港联合交易所主板上市[8],年底进入电子代工行业。

BYD quickly became the world’s leading NiCd battery manufacturer by July 2002, accounting for 65% of global production. Within seven years, the company secured its position as the second-largest producer of NiMH batteries and the third-largest in Li-ion batteries.[30] By 2012, BYD had captured more than half the world’s mobile phone battery market and was the largest Chinese manufacturer (and in the top four globally) of all types of rechargeable batteries.[31][16]
【参考译文】比亚迪在其早期发展阶段通过实施一种重新设计的生产方法而迅速成长,这种方法更多地采用了人工劳动,与日本高度自动化和资本密集型的生产过程形成对比。这种生产流程加上关键设备的内部生产,使得单位成本相比日本竞争对手降低了大约五到六倍。[30] 到2002年7月,比亚迪迅速成为全球领先的镍镉电池制造商,占据了全球65%的市场份额。仅仅七年之内,公司就稳固了其作为第二大镍氢电池生产商和第三大锂离子电池生产商的地位。[30] 到2012年,比亚迪已经占据了全球移动电话电池市场的一半以上份额,并成为中国最大的各种可充电电池制造商(全球排名前四)。[31][16]

BYD started producing mobile phone components in the early 2000s. Its electronic business was spun off in 2007 as BYD Electronics.[32]
【参考译文】比亚迪在21世纪初开始生产移动电话部件。其电子产品业务在2007年被剥离,成立了比亚迪电子公司。[32]

On 31 July 2002, the company underwent an initial public offering (IPO) on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. The company announced its target to become the world’s second-largest battery firm.[33][15] Shortly after the IPO, BYD acquired a small automotive manufacturing company, Xi’an Qinchuan Automobile, from state-owned defense company Norinco in January 2003, which was met with disapproval from shareholders, as the plan was not disclosed in the prospectus.[34] Qinchuan was acquired with the intention of developing battery-powered electric vehicles.[35][36] However, BYD’s first cars were conventional petrol vehicle such as the BYD F3, with production starting in April 2005.[30] The company produced its first plug-in hybrid vehicle, the BYD F3 DM in 2008, followed by its first production battery electric vehicle, the BYD e6 in 2009.[37][38] In March 2022, BYD ended the production of pure internal combustion engine vehicles to focus on plug-in electric vehicles.[39]
【参考译文】2002年7月31日,公司在香港证券交易所进行了首次公开募股(IPO)。公司宣布其目标是成为世界第二大电池公司。[33][15] IPO不久后,比亚迪在2003年1月收购了一家小型汽车制造公司——西安秦川汽车,该公司原属于国有国防企业北方工业公司,这一收购行动并未得到股东们的赞同,因为收购计划并未在招股说明书中披露。[34] 收购秦川汽车的目的是为了发展电池驱动的电动汽车。[35][36] 然而,比亚迪最初生产的汽车是传统的汽油车型,如BYD F3,该车型的生产始于2005年4月。[30] 公司于2008年推出了首款插电式混合动力汽车BYD F3 DM,随后在2009年推出了首款量产的纯电动汽车BYD e6。[37][38] 2022年3月,比亚迪停止了纯内燃机汽车的生产,转而专注于插电式电动汽车。[39]

In September 2008, MidAmerican Energy Holdings, a subsidiary of Warren Buffett‘s Berkshire Hathaway Inc, invested about US$230 million for a 9.89%[40] share of BYD at HK$8/share.[41] Buffett credited this investment to Charlie Munger, Berkshire’s vice chairman who saw the potential in the company.[42] Since 2022, Berkshire had gradually reduced its shareholding in BYD after its share price increased significantly. As of June 2024, Berkshire held a 6.9% stake in BYD.[43]
【参考译文】2008年9月,沃伦·巴菲特的伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司下属的中美能源控股公司投资约2.3亿美元,以每股8港元的价格购买了比亚迪9.89%的股份。[40] 巴菲特将这次投资归功于伯克希尔的副董事长查理·芒格,是他看到了比亚迪的潜力。[42] 自2022年起,随着比亚迪股价的大幅上涨,伯克希尔逐渐减持了其持有的比亚迪股份。截至2024年6月,伯克希尔持有比亚迪6.9%的股份。[43]

2011年6月,比亚迪在深圳证券交易所上市。

In 2016, BYD unveiled a working monorail prototype marketed as “Skyrail” (Chinese: 云轨; lit. ‘cloud rail’)[44][45][46] and announced they will enter the global rail transit market.[47] The first public Skyrail line opened as a 9.7 km (6.0 mi) long loop line in Yinchuan‘s flower expo in 2018.[48][49]
【参考译文】2016年,比亚迪推出了一款名为“云轨”的单轨列车原型,并宣布将进入全球轨道交通市场。[44][45][46] 首条公共云轨线路于2018年在银川花卉博览会上开通,全长9.7公里(6.0英里)。[48][49]

2016年10月,比亚迪在深圳发布自行研发的全电动单轨轨道交通系统“云轨”,高调进军城市轨道交通行业,是中国第一家进军轨道交通领域的民营企业,其后,比亚迪推出小运量有轨电车系统“云巴”。

Between 2017 and 2019, due to several factors such as the slowdown of BYD Auto’s sales, BYD saw its net profit has falling sharply for three consecutive years, especially in 2019 when it dropped to CN¥ 1.6 billion. Wang Chuanfu described it as the “darkest moment”, since at that time the company had only one goal, which was to survive.[50] However, Wang insisted on investing CN¥ 8.4 billion in research and development.[51] In 2020, BYD received the equivalent of €2.1 billion in Chinese state subsidies.[52]
【参考译文】2017年至2019年间,由于包括比亚迪汽车销量放缓在内的多个因素,比亚迪连续三年净利润急剧下降,尤其是在2019年,净利润降至16亿元人民币。王传福将其描述为“最黑暗的时刻”,因为在当时公司只有一个目标,那就是生存下去。[50] 然而,王传福坚持投入84亿元人民币用于研发。[51] 2020年,比亚迪获得了相当于21亿欧元的中国政府补贴。[52]

2019年6月24日,比亚迪全球设计中心“黑水晶”在深圳正式落成[12]

In 2020, BYD established four automotive component manufacturers spun-off from BYD divisions branded FinDreams, with the intention of supplying parts to other automotive companies.[53]
【参考译文】2020年,比亚迪建立了四个汽车零部件制造商,这些公司是从比亚迪各个部门剥离出来的,并以“弗迪”品牌运营,旨在向其他汽车公司供应零部件。[53]

2022年6月,比亚迪以1292.3亿美元的市值超越德国大众汽车成为第三大的国际车厂[13]。仅次于特斯拉丰田,也是唯一在前十名中的中国汽车公司。

2023年第四季度,比亚迪以超过52.6万辆的销量登上全球汽车公司榜首,23年全球销量超过300万辆,其中160万辆是纯电动汽车。该类别(不含插电式混合动力车),特斯拉仍以180万辆的销量领先。

2024年2月26日,比亚迪的“开拓者1号”汽车运输船(委托中集集团建造8艘货船的第1艘)首次停靠德国不来梅港交付3000辆电动汽车,之前已向荷兰弗利辛恩港运送1500辆电动车。比亚迪已在德国大多数大城市拥有汽车经销店,目标是开设100家左右,未来90%的德国人能在30分钟车程内到达比亚迪专卖店,且在德国举行的2024年欧洲足球锦标赛,官方广告合作伙伴不再是大众汽车,而是比亚迪。其在匈牙利第一家工厂致力于德国和欧洲销售前五名,2026年计划在德国销售12万辆电动汽车。目前比亚迪在欧洲提供五款车型,24年还将有三款车型上市,其中“海豹”在德售价45000欧元,约75%的零部件是比亚迪自产,整体成本比在上海超级工厂生产的特斯拉Model 3要低15%。ATTO 3(元PLUS)、海豹、海豚多次在当地获得纯电汽车销量冠军,刀片电池更被英国专业电动车媒体ELECTRIFYING.COM评选为“2024年度创新科技”。

2. 子公司和业务 | Subsidiaries and businesses

2.1 比亚迪汽车 | BYD Auto

Main article: BYD Auto【主条目:比亚迪汽车】

BYD Auto was founded in January 2003 by BYD owner Wang Chuanfu, following BYD’s acquisition of Xi’an Qinchuan Automobile.[54] It manufactures passenger battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), collectively known as new energy vehicles (NEVs) in China. It also produces electric buses and trucks. BYD ended production of purely internal combustion engined cars in March 2022.
【参考译文】比亚迪汽车由比亚迪所有者王传福于2003年1月创立,此前比亚迪收购了西安秦川汽车公司。[54] 它生产乘客用的纯电动汽车(BEV)和插电式混合动力汽车(PHEV),在中国统称为新能源汽车(NEV)。此外,它还生产电动公交车和卡车。比亚迪于2022年3月结束了纯内燃机汽车的生产。

BYD’s automotive business constitutes the majority of BYD’s revenue. In 2023, BYD reported a revenue of around CN¥483.4 billion from automotive and related products, a year-on-year increase of 48.9% and accounted for 80.27% of BYD’s total revenue.[55]
【参考译文】比亚迪的汽车业务构成了其大部分收入。2023年,比亚迪报告称来自汽车及相关产品的收入约为人民币4834亿元,同比增长48.9%,占比亚迪总收入的80.27%。[55]

2.2 比亚迪电子 | BYD Electronics

Company type
【公司类型】
Public【上市公司】
Traded as
【上市交易情况】
SEHK285
Industry【行业】Electronics【电子】
Consumer electronics【消费电子】
Founded【创立于】14 June 2007【2007年6月14日】
Headquarters【总部】Shenzhen, Guangdong, China【中国广东深圳】
Area served【服务范围】Worldwide【全世界】
Key people【关键人物】Wang Nianqiang【王念强】
Jiang Xiangrong (executive directors)【姜祥荣,执行董事】
Wang Chuanfu【王传福】
Products【产品】Handsets【手机】
Handset components【手机零部件】
Revenue【营业额】Increase CN¥129.95 billion (2023)【人民币1299.5亿元(2023年)】
Operating income
【营业利润】
Increase CN¥7.96 billion (2023)【人民币79.6亿元(2023年)】
Net income【净利润】Increase CN¥4.04 billion (2023)【人民币40.4亿元(2023年)】
Total assets【总资产】Increase CN¥87.21 billion (2023)【人民币872.1亿元(2023年)】
Total equity【总股本】Increase CN¥29.33 billion (2023)【人民币293.3亿元(2023年)】
Owners【股东】BYD Company Limited (65.76%)【比亚迪股份有限公司(持股65.76%)】
Wang Chuanfu (17.81%)【王传福(持股17.81%)】
Number of employees
【员工数量】
Increase 150,300 (2023)【15.03万人(2023年)】
Parent【母公司】BYD Company Limited【比亚迪股份有限公司】
Website【网站】electronics.byd.com
Footnotes / references【脚注/数据来源】[56]

BYD Electronic (International) Company Limited or simply BYD Electronics manufactures handset components and assembles mobile phones for its customers as an OEM or ODM. Created as a subsidiary of BYD in 2002, it issued an IPO on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2007 having been incorporated in Hong Kong on 14 June 2007.[57]
【参考译文】比亚迪电子(国际)有限公司,简称比亚迪电子,为客户提供手机组件制造和手机组装服务,作为原始设备制造商(OEM)或原始设计制造商(ODM)。该公司成立于2002年,作为比亚迪的子公司,并于2007年在香港证券交易所进行了首次公开募股(IPO),在香港的注册日期为2007年6月14日。[57]

BYD Electronics operated several overseas factories,[58] such as in Cluj, Romania;[59] a factory in Komárom, Hungary that was acquired through the February 2008 purchase of Mirae Hungary Industrial Manufacturer Ltd;[59] and a factory in Chennai, India, which was also completed in 2008.[59] In addition, BYD Electronic has production bases in Huizhou, Tianjin, and at Baolong Industrial Park, Longgang District, Shenzhen.[60]
【参考译文】比亚迪电子在全球运营多家工厂,[58] 如位于罗马尼亚克卢日(Cluj)、[59] 匈牙利科马罗姆(Komárom)的一家工厂,后者是在2008年2月收购Mirae Hungary Industrial Manufacturer Ltd之后获得的;[59] 另外一家工厂位于印度钦奈(Chennai),同样是在2008年建成的。[59] 此外,比亚迪电子还在中国惠州、天津以及深圳龙岗区宝龙工业园设有生产基地。[60]

As a “one-site mode supplier” especially for mobile phones, the company provides product design, manufacturing, testing, assembly and after sales services. By 2011, notable BYD Electronics customers include Nokia, Motorola, and Samsung.[61] According to Wang Chuanfu in 2021, the company manufactures most Huawei mobile phones.[62]
【参考译文】作为“一站式模式供应商”,尤其是针对手机,公司提供产品设计、制造、测试、组装和售后服务。到2011年,比亚迪电子的主要客户包括诺基亚、摩托罗拉和三星。[61] 根据王传福在2021年的说法,公司生产了大多数华为手机。[62]

Since 2020, BYD Electronics became one of the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) of Apple‘s iPad.[63] It also produces iPads in its factory in Vietnam, which went operational in July 2022. The Vietnamese factory is located at the Phu Ha industrial park in the Phú Thọ province. The first phase of the facility has an annual capacity of 4.32 million tablets and 50 million optical prism products.[64][65] Apple’s plan to produce iPads with BYD in India were cancelled due to government regulations stemming from geopolitical concerns between India and China.[66][67]
【参考译文】自2020年起,比亚迪电子成为了苹果iPad的原始设备制造商(OEM)之一。[63] 它还在越南的工厂生产iPad,该工厂于2022年7月开始运营。这家越南工厂位于富寿省的Phu Ha工业园区。该设施的第一阶段年产能为432万台平板电脑和5000万个光学棱镜产品。[64][65] 由于印度政府基于印中之间存在的地缘政治关切而制定的规定,苹果与比亚迪在印度合作生产iPad的计划被取消。[66][67]

In August 2023, BYD Electronics has agreed to buy several Chinese factories operated by Jabil, a U.S. manufacturer that supplies major components to Apple.[68]
【参考译文】2023年8月,比亚迪电子同意收购美国制造商捷普(Jabil)在中国运营的几家工厂,捷普为苹果提供主要零部件。[68]

In May 2024, it was announced that BYD Electronics would be added to Hong Kong’s Hang Seng Index.[69]
【参考译文】2024年5月,比亚迪电子被宣布将被纳入香港恒生指数。[69]

In July 2024, reports emerged that BYD Electronics alongside Luxshare Precision became part of the iPhone 16 supply chain, after some production of iPhones were moved back from India to China due to quality issues.[70]
【参考译文】2024年7月,有报道称比亚迪电子与立讯精密一起进入了iPhone 16的供应链,这发生在部分iPhone生产因质量问题从印度转移回中国之后。[70]

2.3 比亚迪半导体 | BYD Semiconductor

BYD Semiconductor Co., Ltd. was established in 2020 as the successor to the BYD IC Design Department that was established in 2002.[17] manufactures and distributes semiconductor products such as integrated circuits, insulated gate bipolar transistor modules, light emitting diodes, single chips, and other products.[71] The company planned to issue an initial public offering (IPO) before cancelling it in November 2022 as the company chose to increase investments in wafer production.[72]
【参考译文】比亚迪半导体有限公司成立于2020年,是2002年成立的比亚迪集成电路设计部的继任者。[17] 该公司生产和分销包括集成电路、绝缘栅双极晶体管模块、发光二极管、单芯片和其他产品在内的半导体产品。[71] 该公司曾计划进行首次公开募股(IPO),但在2022年11月取消了这一计划,原因是公司选择增加对晶圆生产的投资。[72]

2.4 比亚迪叉车 | BYD Forklift

BYD Forklift was established in 2009 and headquartered in Zhenjiang, Shaoguan. It develops and produces electric forklifts with an annual production capacity of 30,000 units. The company marketed its forklifts since 2014.[73]
【参考译文】比亚迪叉车成立于2009年,总部位于韶关市镇江。它开发并生产电动叉车,年生产能力为3万台。该公司自2014年开始销售其叉车。[73]

2.5 弗迪 | FinDreams

Product type【产品类型】Automotive components【汽车零部件】
Owner【所有者】BYD Company Limited【比亚迪股份有限公司】
Country【国家】China【中国】
Introduced【开业于】March 2020【2020年3月】

FinDreams (Chinese: 弗迪; pinyin: Fúdí) is the brand name used by four automotive supplier companies owned by BYD. These companies were announced in March 2020 as spin-offs from BYD. The establishment of FinDreams companies was done to grow sales of components to other automotive companies. The companies include FinDreams Battery, FinDreams Powertrain, FinDreams Technology, FinDreams Vision (cancelled),[74] and FinDreams Precision.[75][76]
【参考译文】弗迪(中文名:弗迪;拼音:Fúdí)是比亚迪拥有的四家汽车零部件供应商公司所使用的品牌名称。这些公司在2020年3月作为比亚迪的剥离公司被宣布成立。成立弗迪公司的目的是为了扩大向其他汽车公司销售零部件的业务。这些公司包括弗迪电池、弗迪动力、弗迪科技、弗迪视觉(已取消),[74] 和弗迪精密。[75][76]

Its Chinese name, ‘Fudi’ comes from a poem in the Classic of Poetry, which means honesty, trustworthiness, steadfastness and diligence.[77]
【参考译文】其中文名称“弗迪”来源于《诗经》中的一首诗,寓意诚实、守信、坚定和勤奋。[77]

2.5.1 弗迪电池 | FinDreams Battery

FinDreams Battery Co., Ltd. was registered on 5 May 2019 as a successor to BYD Lithium Battery Co. Ltd., which was established in 1998. Its products include consumer batteries, electronic batteries, electric vehicle batteries and energy storage batteries.[78] It specializes in lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, including blade battery.[79] As of November 2021, the company has established 15 major production bases in more than 10 cities across China.[80] The subsidiary also owns Shenzhen BYD Energy Storage Co., Ltd., (previously Shenzhen Pingshan FinDreams Battery Co., Ltd.) that produces energy storage products.[81] It produces the BYD Home Energy System, simplified as BYD HES, an integrated product combining solar panels, battery, inverter, etc.[82][83] This system generated electricity from solar power, and then stored it.[84] As of December 2023, FinDreams Battery is the world’s second largest producer of electric vehicle batteries below CATL.[85]
【参考译文】弗迪电池有限公司于2019年5月5日注册成立,是比亚迪锂电池有限公司的继任者,后者成立于1998年。其产品包括消费类电池、电子电池、电动汽车电池和储能电池。[78] 该公司专注于磷酸铁锂(LFP)电池,包括刀片电池。[79] 截至2021年11月,该公司在中国10多个城市的15个主要生产基地建立了生产线。[80] 该子公司还拥有深圳比亚迪储能有限公司(原深圳坪山弗迪电池有限公司),生产储能产品。[81] 该公司生产比亚迪家用能源系统(简称BYD HES),这是一种集成产品,结合了太阳能板、电池、逆变器等。[82][83] 这个系统可以利用太阳能发电并储存电能。[84] 截至2023年12月,弗迪电池已成为仅次于宁德时代的全球第二大电动汽车电池生产商。[85]

In early 2022, the company started construction of a joint venture plant with FAW Group called FAW-FinDreams to produce battery packs. BYD held 51% of the shares, while FAW held the rest. Located in Changchun, Jilin, the plant was designed with a total capacity of 45 GWh. The first battery pack rolled off the plant in July 2023, and the plant went operational in September 2023.[86]
【参考译文】2022年初,该公司与一汽集团合资建设了名为FAW-弗迪的电池包工厂。比亚迪持有51%的股份,一汽持有剩余股份。该工厂位于吉林省长春市,设计总产能为45吉瓦时(GWh)。首批电池包于2023年7月下线,工厂于2023年9月正式投产。[86]

In June 2023, FinDreams Battery established a joint venture with Huaihai Holding Group, which is best known for electric tricycles and electric scooters, intending to establish the world’s largest supplier of sodium-ion batteries.[87] In January 2024, construction of the sodium-ion manufacturing plant was started. The CN¥10 billion (US$1.4 billion) plant will have a 30 GWh annual production capacity.[88]
【参考译文】2023年6月,弗迪电池与淮海控股集团建立了合资企业,淮海控股集团以其电动三轮车和电动滑板车而闻名,双方打算建立全球最大的钠离子电池供应商。[87] 2024年1月,钠离子制造厂的建设启动。这座耗资100亿元人民币(约14亿美元)的工厂年产能将达到30吉瓦时(GWh)。[88]

In February 2024, the company signed an 8-year agreement with American automotive supply company, BorgWarner. FinDreams Battery will supply BorgWarner with blade cells for manufacturing LFP battery packs in Europe, the Americas and several Asia Pacific regions. BorgWarner will also secure an intellectual property license to use FinDreams battery pack design and manufacturing process.[89]
【参考译文】2024年2月,该公司与美国汽车零部件供应商博格华纳签署了一份为期8年的协议。弗迪电池将为博格华纳在欧洲、美洲和亚太地区的几个地区制造LFP电池包提供刀片电池单元。博格华纳还将获得弗迪电池包设计和制造工艺的知识产权许可。[89]

In March 2024, FinDreams Battery became a cell supplier to Tesla‘s energy storage manufacturing in China which operates at the newly built Shanghai Megafactory. It will start supplying 20 percent of the cells needed to produce Tesla’s Megapack starting from the first quarter of 2025.[90]
【参考译文】2024年3月,弗迪电池成为特斯拉在中国储能制造的电池单元供应商,该制造业务位于新建的上海超级工厂。从2025年第一季度开始,弗迪电池将供应特斯拉Megapack所需电池单元的20%。[90]

2.5.2 弗迪动力 | FinDreams Powertrain

FinDreams Powertrain Co., Ltd. develops and produces engines and powertrain-related parts such as transmissions, axles, electric car platforms and plug-in hybrid systems.[17][78]
【参考译文】弗迪动力有限公司开发和生产发动机和动力传动相关部件,如变速器、轴、电动汽车平台和插电式混合动力系统。[17][78]

2.5.3 弗迪科技 | FinDreams Technology

FinDreams Technology Co., Ltd. develops and produces automotive electronics and chassis-related parts that are used in passenger cars, commercial vehicles, and rail transit.[78] It has ten major products such as vehicle thermal management, vehicle wiring harness, smart cockpit, advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS), passive safety, braking system, suspension and exhaust, body control, steering system, and body accessories.[17]
【参考译文】弗迪科技有限公司开发和生产用于乘用车、商用车和轨道交通的汽车电子和底盘相关部件。[78] 它有十大主要产品,包括车辆热管理系统、车辆线束、智能座舱、高级驾驶辅助系统(ADAS)、被动安全、制动系统、悬架和排气、车身控制、转向系统以及车身附件。[17]

2.5.4 弗迪精密 | FinDreams Precision

FinDreams Precision Co., Ltd. (previously FinDreams Molding)[74] operates moulding manufacturing and research and development.[78]
【参考译文】弗迪精密有限公司(原名弗迪模塑)[74] 进行模具制造和研发。[78]

2.6 铁路交通 | Rail transit

2.6.1 云轨单轨列车 | SkyRail monorail

BYD constructed monorail systems around the world, including the Guang’an Metro and the Guilin Metro in China, Line 17 in São Paulo and the SkyRail Bahia, both in Brazil. BYD is also part of a consortium that was awarded a pre-development contract to build a monorail from the San Fernando Valley to LAX via the Sepulveda Pass in Los Angeles.[91]
【参考译文】比亚迪在全球范围内建造了多条单轨系统,包括中国的广安地铁和桂林地铁、巴西圣保罗的17号线以及巴伊亚天轨(SkyRail Bahia)。比亚迪还是一个财团的一部分,该财团获得了预开发合同,将在洛杉矶通过Sepulveda Pass从圣费尔南多谷到洛杉矶国际机场(LAX)建设一条单轨线路。[91]

2.6.2 云巴电车 | SkyShuttle tram

BYD also offers a rubber-tyred tram product, known as “SkyShuttle” (Chinese: 云巴; lit. ‘cloud bus’).[92] Bishan rubber-tyred tram in Chongqing is operational.[93]
【参考译文】比亚迪还提供一种橡胶轮胎式的轻轨产品,被称为“天梭”(中文名:云巴;意译:云巴士)。[92] 重庆市璧山区的橡胶轮胎式轻轨已经投入运营。[93]

3. 运营 | Operations

3.1 员工 | Workforce

In 2021, BYD had 288,000 employees. BYD workforce reached 570,000 employees in 2022, after the company hired 280,000 employees in a single year. At that year, BYD became the privately owned company with the largest workforce in China, and only below several state-owned companies such as China National Petroleum Corporation, State Grid Corporation of China and China Post. By the end of 2023, the company had 704,000 employees, with 133,000 new hires that year.[19] This workforce count is nearly double that of Toyota, which has 375,000 employees.[94]
【参考译文】021年,比亚迪拥有28.8万名员工。2022年,比亚迪员工人数达到57万名,当年新增雇员28万名。这一年,比亚迪成为中国私营企业中员工人数最多的企业,仅低于中国石油天然气集团公司、国家电网公司和中国邮政等几家国有企业。截至2023年底,公司共有70.4万名员工,当年新增雇员13.3万名。[19] 这一员工规模几乎是丰田公司的两倍,丰田公司拥有37.5万名员工。[94]

On 5 November 2021, a 36-year-old employee of BYD was reported dead in his rented home. According to his relatives, his sudden death was due to high-intensity overtime work. No autopsy was conducted, so the cause of death remains unclear. BYD agreed to pay the deceased employee’s family a lump sum of CN¥200,000 in compensation.[95]
【参考译文】2021年11月5日,一名36岁的比亚迪员工在其租住的家中去世。据家属称,他的突然离世是因为高强度加班工作。没有进行尸检,因此死因不明。比亚迪同意向逝者家属一次性支付20万元人民币作为赔偿。[95]

3.2 研发 | Research and development

BYD heavily invested in core component development, with a substantial R&D budget and personnel. Founder Securities data reveals that BYD’s R&D investment reached CN¥7.99 billion in 2021 with a 12.9% rise in R&D personnel, totaling 40,382 employees in 2021. The company also increased its patent filing by 19.7% year-on-year in 2020, with 29,777 patents.[14]
【参考译文】比亚迪在核心部件开发方面进行了大量投资,拥有庞大的研发预算和人员。根据方正证券的数据,2021年比亚迪的研发投资达到了79.9亿元人民币,研发人员增长了12.9%,总数达到了40,382人。公司2020年的专利申请量同比增长了19.7%,累计专利数量为29,777项。[14]

In 2022, BYD invested CN¥18.65 billion in R&D, more than double than its 2021 budget.[96] In 2023, BYD spent CN¥39.91 billion on R&D, which is 6% of its operating income.[97] In that year, the company also recruited 33,000 new R&D personnel, increasing the total number to 102,000. Among these R&D employees, 60% are under the age of 30. Additionally, BYD disclosed in its financial report that the average annual salary for R&D personnel is around CN¥212,000.[97]
【参考译文】2022年,比亚迪在研发方面的投资达到了186.5亿元人民币,是2021年投资额的两倍多。[96] 2023年,比亚迪在研发上的支出达到了399.1亿元人民币,占其营业收入的6%。[97] 在这一年里,公司新增招聘了3.3万名研发人员,使得研发团队总人数增加到了10.2万人。在这些研发人员中,60%的年龄在30岁以下。此外,比亚迪在其财务报告中披露,研发人员的平均年薪约为21.2万元人民币。[97]

3.3 制造 | Manufacturing

3.3.1 供应链 | Supply chain

BYD is characterized by its vertical supply chain system, originating as a battery company in 1995 before venturing into cars (via BYD Auto) in 2003. At the time, BYD also leverages China’s low labour costs, transforming production lines for power batteries from capital-intensive to labour-intensive, ensuring a competitive edge through a robust supply chain system and reduced production costs.[98] Post-entry into the automobile industry, BYD developed the entire automotive industry chain, emphasizing core technology research and development. Proficiency in key components, such as batteries, motors, and electronic control was achieved, marked by a large-scale, fully automated production line for batteries.[14] This vertical integration model strengthened its industrial chain and mitigates challenges such as the global chip shortage.[14]
【参考译文】比亚迪的特点是其垂直供应链体系,最初在1995年作为一家电池公司起步,然后在2003年进入汽车领域(通过比亚迪汽车)。当时,比亚迪还利用了中国的低劳动力成本,将动力电池生产线从资本密集型转变为劳动密集型,通过强大的供应链体系和降低的生产成本确保了竞争优势。[98] 进入汽车行业后,比亚迪发展了整个汽车产业链,强调核心技术的研发。在关键部件如电池、电机和电子控制方面实现了专业能力,并以大规模全自动化的电池生产线为标志。[14] 这种垂直整合模式加强了其产业链,并缓解了诸如全球芯片短缺等挑战。[14]

BYD diversified into research and development of semiconductor by establishing BYD Semiconductor in 2020. Core components, including automotive chips and the DiLink automotive intelligent system, were independently developed. The establishment of FinDreams companies from December 2019 focused on power batteries, automotive lighting, electronics, powertrain, and moulding.
【参考译文】2020年,比亚迪通过成立比亚迪半导体公司,进一步涉足半导体的研究与开发。核心部件,包括汽车芯片和DiLink汽车智能系统,都是自主研发的。从2019年12月开始建立的弗迪公司专注于动力蓄电池、汽车照明、电子、动力系统和模具等领域。

In early 2020, BYD transitioned its the parts and components division into subsidiary companies, collectively known as FinDreams. This shift enabled independent operations for these companies, making component supply to other automotive companies easier.[14]
【参考译文】2020年初,比亚迪将其零部件和组件部门转型为子公司,统称为弗迪。这种转变使这些公司能够独立运作,从而更容易向其他汽车公司供应零部件。[14]

3.3.2 工厂 | Facilities

See also: BYD Auto § Facilities【参见:“比亚迪汽车”词条的“参见”章节】

BYD has many production bases, including three locations in Shenzhen[99] (one of which is on the self-titled ‘BYD Road’ (simplified Chinese: 比亚迪路; traditional Chinese: 比亞迪路; pinyin: Bǐyàdí Lù) in Pingshan District, Shenzhen),[99] as well as sites in Huizhou,[99] Shanxi,[100] and Shanghai.[100]
【参考译文】比亚迪有许多生产基地,包括深圳的三个地点[99](其中一个位于深圳坪山区的“比亚迪路”[99]),以及惠州[99]、山西[100]和上海[100]等地。

Auto production bases include an automobile assembly line in Xi’an, a K9 electric bus manufacturing plant in Dalian,[101] a photovoltaic module (solar panel) Bloomberg New Energy Finance Tier 1 manufacturing plant in Beijing, an R&D center and nascent automobile assembly line in Shenzhen, and an R&D center in Shanghai.[102]
【参考译文】汽车生产基地包括西安的汽车装配线、大连的K9电动巴士制造厂[101]、北京的光伏组件(太阳能板)一级制造商工厂、深圳的研发中心及新汽车装配线,以及上海的研发中心。[102]

US operations can be found in Elk Grove Village, Illinois, and San Francisco, California.[16] BYD also acquired a site for a future North American headquarters in downtown Los Angeles, and has built and operates a manufacturing plant in Lancaster, California, near Los Angeles.[103]
【参考译文】比亚迪在美国的业务分布在伊利诺伊州埃尔克格罗夫村和加利福尼亚州旧金山[16]。比亚迪还在洛杉矶市中心购置了一处用于未来北美总部的场地,并在加州兰开斯特(靠近洛杉矶)建造并运营了一家制造厂。[103]

In 2019 a bus plant opened in Newmarket, Ontario to handle orders in Canada.[104][105][106] BYD has three factories in Brazil, the first of which opened in 2015 for the production of electric buses.[107] In April 2017, it inaugurated its second plant for photovoltaic modules. In 2020, BYD opened its third manufacturing plant in the country in Manaus, specifically for lithium iron phosphate batteries, for use in electric buses.[108][109] BYD has two electric bus assembly facilities in Europe in Komarom, Hungary and Beauvais, France.[110] BYD built a new facility in Chongqing, China for producing its blade battery,[111] which are considered to be the safest EV batteries.[112] The first plant of the company in India was opened in Chennai.
【参考译文】2019年,比亚迪在加拿大安大略省纽马克特开设了一家巴士工厂,以处理加拿大的订单。[104][105][106] 比亚迪在巴西有三家工厂,第一家工厂于2015年开业,专门生产电动巴士。[107] 2017年4月,比亚迪在巴西开设了第二家工厂,用于生产光伏组件。2020年,比亚迪在巴西马瑙斯开设了第三家工厂,专门生产磷酸铁锂电池,用于电动巴士。[108][109] 比亚迪在欧洲有两个电动巴士组装厂,分别位于匈牙利科马罗姆和法国博韦。[110] 比亚迪在中国重庆建了一家新工厂,用于生产其刀片电池,[111] 这些电池被认为是安全性最高的电动汽车电池。[112] 比亚迪在印度的第一个工厂设在金奈。

4. 公司事务 | Corporate affairs

The key trends of BYD are (as at the financial year ending December 31):[113][114][115][116]
【参考译文】比亚迪的主要业务趋势如下(截至财务年度结束于12月31日):[113][114][115][116]

4.2 管理层 | Management

Notable members of the senior management of the company are as follows:[55]
【参考译文】公司的高级管理层中值得注意的成员如下:[55]

Executive director【执行董事】

  • Wang Chuanfu, also chairman and president【王传福,同时担任董事长和总裁】

Non-executive directors【非执行董事】

  • Lu Xiangyang, also vice chairman【吕向阳,同时担任副董事长】
  • Xia Zuoquan【夏佐全】

Independent non-executive directors【独立董事】

  • Cai Hongping【蔡洪平】
  • Zhang Min【张敏】
  • Yu Ling【余凌】

Supervisory Board【监事会】

  • Li Yongzhao【李永钊】
  • Zhu Aiyun【朱爱云】
  • Wang Zhen【王震】
  • Huang Jiangfeng【黄江锋】
  • Tang Mei【唐梅】

Senior management【高级管理层】

  • Li Ke (Stella Li), executive vice president, president of BYD in America
    【李珂(Stella Li),执行副总裁,比亚迪北美总裁】
  • Luo Hongbin, senior vice president, chairman of Shenzhen BYD Auto Industrial Co., Ltd.
    【罗红兵,高级副总裁,深圳市比亚迪汽车工业有限公司董事长】
  • He Zhiqi, senior vice president, COO of BYD Passenger Car Division, director of Shenzhen Denza New Energy Automotive
    【何志奇,高级副总裁,比亚迪乘用车事业部首席运营官,深圳市腾势新能源汽车有限公司董事】
  • He Long, senior vice president, chairman of FinDreams Battery【何龙,高级副总裁,弗迪电池董事长】
  • Liu Huanming, vice president【刘焕明,副总裁】
  • Wang Chuanfang, vice president【王传方,副总裁】
  • Ren Lin, vice president【任林,副总裁】
  • Wang Jie, vice president【王杰,副总裁】
  • Zhou Yalin, vice president, CFO of BYD Electronic (International), director of BYD Semiconductor, chairman of BYD Auto Finance
    【周亚琳,副总裁,比亚迪电子(国际)有限公司首席财务官,比亚迪半导体董事,比亚迪汽车金融董事长】
  • Yang Dongsheng, vice president【杨东升,副总裁】
  • Zhao Jianping, vice president【赵剑平,副总裁】
  • Li Qian, company secretary, secretary to the Board, director of BYD Semiconductor
    【李黔,公司秘书,董事会秘书,比亚迪半导体董事】

5. 认可 | Recognition

The company has been recognized for innovation; for example it has developed technologies that allow mobile phone batteries to be made at room temperature rather than in expensive, heated dry rooms.[123] In 2010, BYD topped the Bloomberg Businessweek Tech 100 that listed fast-growing tech companies.[124] In that year, BusinessWeek ranked BYD the eighth most innovative company in the world[125] and that same year saw Fast Company ranking BYD as the 16th most innovative.[126] In 2016, BYD won the Zayed Future Energy Prize award for Large Corporations for their development of robust rechargeable batteries.[127] In 2017, PV Magazine awarded BYD the top category of innovation on its newly launched battery storage system that advances progress in three categories: modularity, charging and discharging capacity, and efficiency.[128]
【参考译文】公司因其创新而受到认可;例如,它开发了技术,允许在室温下而不是在昂贵的加热干燥室内制造移动电话电池。[123] 2010年,比亚迪荣登彭博商业周刊的Tech 100榜单榜首,该榜单列出了快速增长的技术公司。[124] 那一年,《商业周刊》将比亚迪评为全球第八大最具创新力的公司,[125] 同年,《快公司》杂志将比亚迪列为第16大最具创新力的公司。[126] 2016年,比亚迪因其在坚固可充电电池方面的开发而赢得了扎耶德未来能源奖(Zayed Future Energy Prize)的大企业奖项。[127] 2017年,《光伏杂志》(PV Magazine)授予比亚迪在其新推出的电池储能系统方面的顶级创新类别奖项,该系统在三个方面取得了进展:模块化、充放电能力和效率。[128]

6. 法律诉讼与争议 | Lawsuits and disputes

See also: BYD Auto § Lawsuits and controversies【参见:“比亚迪汽车”词条的“法律诉讼与争议”章节】

6.1 在美国 | In the United States

Further information: United States sanctions against China【更多信息:美国对中国实施的制裁】

On 27 April 2020, BYD hired attorney Charles Harder and filed a federal civil complaint in U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York,[129] against Vice Media alleging defamation for a story about BYD being associated with companies alleged to be using forced Uyghur labor in its supply chain which was published on 11 April 2020.[105] BYD’s case was dismissed with prejudice in March 2021.[130]
【参考译文】2020年4月27日,比亚迪聘请律师查尔斯·哈德(Charles Harder),并在美国纽约南区联邦法院提起民事诉讼,指控Vice Media诽谤。该诽谤源于Vice Media于2020年4月11日发表的一篇文章,文中称比亚迪与涉嫌使用强迫维吾尔族劳工的公司有关联。[105] 2021年3月,比亚迪的案件被法院裁定驳回且不可再诉。[130]

In November 2020, BYD filed a libel lawsuit against Vice Media and the non-profit Alliance for American Manufacturing (AAM) and some of its employees.[131] The Supreme Court of the United States rejected BYD’s suit in August 2022.[132][131]
【参考译文】2020年11月,比亚迪对Vice Media和非营利组织美国制造业联盟(AAM)及其一些员工提起了诽谤诉讼。[131] 2022年8月,美国最高法院拒绝受理比亚迪的诉讼。[132][131]

In 2022, the United States Department of Commerce found that BYD had circumvented tariffs on solar panels by routing its operations through Southeast Asian countries.[133] In August 2023, the U.S. Department of Commerce issued final determination on BYD, determining they circumvented tariffs.[134]
【参考译文】2022年,美国商务部发现比亚迪通过将其运营转移到东南亚国家来规避对太阳能面板的关税。[133] 2023年8月,美国商务部对比亚迪做出了最终裁决,确认其规避了关税。[134]

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 proposed the prohibition of US defense funding for BYD batteries on security grounds.[135][136]
【参考译文】2024财政年度的《国防授权法案》提议基于安全理由禁止为比亚迪电池提供美国国防资金。[135][136]

6.2 富士康纠纷 | Foxconn disputes

In addition to patent litigation[41] Foxconn sued BYD in Hong Kong and Illinois in 2007, alleging BYD poached 50 Foxconn employees and was complicit in the stealing of trade secrets to set up a competing cell phone manufacturing operation.[137] Court proceedings were brought before BYD Electronic was spun off by BYD later in 2007, delaying the public listing[138] on the Hong Kong stock exchange by half a year.[139]
【参考译文】除了专利诉讼之外[41],富士康于2007年在香港和伊利诺伊州起诉比亚迪,指控比亚迪挖走了50名富士康员工,并参与了窃取商业机密以设立竞争性的手机制造业务。[137] 在比亚迪电子于2007年晚些时候被比亚迪剥离之前,这些法庭程序导致比亚迪电子在香港证券交易所的公开上市推迟了半年。[138]

富士康国际控股控告比亚迪侵权一案,由民事诉讼改为刑事诉讼后,市场更传出比亚迪董事暨副总裁夏佐全已遭公安部门拘留,业界也正密切注意诺基亚摩托罗拉订单可能转向的情况。业界传出比亚迪董事暨副总裁夏佐全,遭中国公安部门拘留,且比亚迪未经公告,即将夏佐全执行董事职务改为非执行董事,也引发市场联想。夏佐全为比亚迪第3大个人股东,持股6.1%仅次于总裁王传福及董事吕向阳,颇具指标性意义。

Foxconn[when?] also opened proceedings in the district where BYD is headquartered, at the Shenzhen Intermediate People’s Court,[citation needed] which referred the case to the Supreme People’s Court, which in turn commissioned an appraisal by the Beijing JZSC Intellectual Property Forensic Center into files in BYD’s possession which were alleged to belong to Foxconn.[citation needed] Eventually[when?] the Shenzhen court made the final judgment: BYD’s files contained non-public information originating from Foxconn, which could bring economic benefits to the holders, thereby, BYD was found guilty of infringing Foxconn’s trade secrets.[138][additional citation(s) needed]
【参考译文】富士康[何时?]也在比亚迪总部所在地的深圳中级人民法院开启了诉讼程序,[来源需要] 该案被提交给了最高人民法院,最高人民法院随后委托北京京智司法鉴定中心对比亚迪持有的据称属于富士康的文件进行了评估。[来源需要] 最终[何时?],深圳法院做出了最终判决:比亚迪的文件中含有源自富士康的非公开信息,这些信息可能给持有人带来经济利益,因此,比亚迪被判侵犯了富士康的商业秘密。[138][需要额外引用]

Afterwards, Foxconn withdrew the civil proceedings against BYD in mainland China, and sought criminal prosecution instead.[citation needed] On 20 March 2008, the former executive director and Vice President of BYD was arrested.[citation needed] Then on 24 and 31 March 2008 two former employees of Foxconn were arrested and sentenced to 1 year and 4 months, and 4 years in prison respectively.[138][additional citation(s) needed]
【参考译文】之后,富士康撤回了在中国大陆对比亚迪的民事诉讼,并转而寻求刑事起诉。[来源需要] 2008年3月20日,比亚迪前执行董事和副总裁被捕。[来源需要] 接着,在2008年3月24日和31日,两名前富士康员工被捕,并分别被判处1年零4个月和4年的监禁。[138][需要额外引用]

BYD issued a counterclaim to Foxconn in Hong Kong court, alleging defamation and bribery of Chinese officials as well as intimidation on Foxconn’s part.[137]
【参考译文】比亚迪在香港法院对富士康提出了反诉,指控富士康诽谤、贿赂中国官员以及恐吓行为。[137]

2008年12月2日晚,比亚迪在香港联交所发布相关公告,披露了富比案的最新进展。由于证据发生重大变化,公安机关已撤消了对比亚迪的刑事调查。之前从事相关司法鉴定的北京九州世初知识产权司法鉴定中心3名负责人因涉嫌毁灭、伪造证据和收受贿赂,已被公安机关逮捕。原比亚迪员工张朝正,涉嫌非法接受富士康贿赂和非法窃取保密文件,亦被公安机关逮捕,并将追究刑事责任。

6.3 比亚迪香港充电站全停

比亚迪于2019年7月起停止全香港充电站服务,车主斥对方“仓卒”通知,忧电动车无地方充电形同“废铁”。比亚迪证实事件,解释决定是基于商业考虑和成本问题。有香港立法会议员批评比亚迪做法不负责任;香港海关表示正了解事件。

比亚迪发言人回复称,基于商业考虑,在销售经改装的二手私家车时未有承诺免费提供充电服务,销售合约亦无相关条款,考虑到成本问题不能长期承担免费服务,因此无奈宣布本月15日起停止免费充电服务,又称日后车主可考虑在私人物业安装快速充电设备或改用政府公共充电站。

“香港比亚迪充电群组资讯”以及“BYD e6同学会”whatsapp 群聚多名车主都积极表示愿意付出电费,但比亚迪还是坚持不与车主沟通。

环境保护署表示,知悉比亚迪今日起停止提供充电服务,惟受影响车主仍可用合适的充电线,使用公共充电站的中速或标准充电器为电动车充电。海关说正了解事件,若发现违反《商品说明条例》,会采取适当跟进。[16]

6.4 中美能源入股

2008年9月,美国企业家巴菲特控股的波克夏·哈萨威公司的附属公司中美能源(巴群能源前身)以每股8港元,买入比亚迪10%的股权,总作价18亿港元。中美能源也成为比亚迪的第一大外资股东[17]

2023年1月27日,巴菲特旗下伯克希尔·哈撒韦售出155.45万股比亚迪H股股份,交易均价为226.32港元/股,合计套现3.52亿港元。系2022年8月以来第8次减持。[18]

6.5 李娟诈欺事件

2018年7月12日比亚迪突然发布重大说明,李娟等人冒用比亚迪主管身份长达三年,在上海浦东世纪大道国金二期大楼租用办公室,用伪造的比亚迪印章签署的合同,比亚迪均不知情,概不承认也与之无关。

但事件引爆后说法真相神秘莫测,比亚迪股票重跌市场传言四起,后续并有签约广告商上海雨鸿文化传播、上海竞智广告等反击认为比亚迪说法漏洞百出,挑战商场常识底线:[19]

  1. 李娟以上海比亚迪电动车有限公司名义发包广告过程,事中有比亚迪广告部门及大区相关人员对接,事后有大量业务确认,如何解释?
  2. 比亚迪截至目前仅仅以伪造公司印章罪向上海警方报案,并非其所称诈骗罪,内幕重重。
  3. 竞智公司了解到李娟其背后是有一大人物,为比亚迪极高层高管,也是他交办李负责华东、华北相关工作,现在该人物失联,是否整起事件是比亚迪高层斗争的外溢。
  4. 最大疑点在于多处广告商表示,他们没给过李娟好处,他们本身也没收到多少钱都是代垫,实无法理解李娟如果是骗子,她图什么?广告效益等好处都被比亚迪拿走,李娟个人还背书欠下数亿人民币款项,不理解这种骗术的获利点在哪。[20]

事件初步估算涉及至少25家广告供应商,累计金额高达11亿元人民币,涉事广告供应商组成维权群维权[21],多家广告商也各种举证文件、录像等比亚迪对于李娟所开展的市场推广活动不可能不知情,似乎证据力比比亚迪说法更有力,也是导致比亚迪股价大跌原因。2018年5月比亚迪宣布赞助英超足球俱乐部阿森纳的活动就是李娟推动,针对此事比亚迪官方做了不少的全国宣传,且集团公关部部长李巍亲自出席签约并为活动站台,此时说不认识李娟及其一切行为是自己盗刻图章在外表演,成为难以逻辑说通的关键。[22]

6.6 有毒物质六价铬事件

2023年2月22日,根据《日经新闻》新闻报导[23],比亚迪在日本销售的小型巴士J6等5款纯电动巴士,为了防止螺栓和螺帽等零部件生锈,使用了包含六价铬的溶剂[24][25]。而且比亚迪以代工生产方式向日野汽车供应的30人座电动巴士“Hino Poncho Z EV”因使用六价铬加工,被日野汽车取消了日本上市比亚迪电动巴士的计划[26]。日本法律虽未禁止在汽车等产品使用六价铬的相关法律,但日本汽车工业协会已于2008年起将六价铬列入自愿禁用的物质清单[25]。六价铬具有耐腐蚀性等特性曾被广泛用于汽车零部件和其他制造业的加工过程,它被认为是剧毒和有害的致癌物,会伤害制造厂的工人,因此发达国家的工厂已经不再使用[26]。同时,比亚迪承认在六款电动巴士制造过程中使用了六价铬,但比亚迪表示出厂后的通常使用下不会对人体和环境构成影响,并承诺为保护员工健康,2023年年底新上市的电动巴士不再使用六价铬[26]。同时,比亚迪的日本法人表示,截至2023年2月,比亚迪纯电动巴士在日本共销售了80辆[23]


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