内比都 / Naypyidaw – （全文）中英文维基百科词条融合

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0. 概述

辽观注：此标题是我们在搬运、整合过程中添加的。

图0-1和0-2（发布于知乎想法）

内比都（缅甸语：နေပြည်တော်，缅甸语委转写：ne-pranytau），现为缅甸首都，也是内比都联邦区的行政中心。缅甸于2005年11月6日从仰光迁都到原址以北大约320公里的一块绿地，2006年军人节正式宣布改地为内比都，意为皇家首都。位于彬马那（缅甸语：ပျဉ်းမနားမြို့）西边附近。

Naypyidaw (officially romanized Nay Pyi Taw and also spelled as Naypyitaw and Nay Pyi Daw) (Burmese: နေပြည်တော်; MLCTS: Nepranytau; pronounced [nèpjìdɔ̀] lit. ‘Grand Capital’), is the capital and third-largest city of Myanmar. The city is located at the centre of the Naypyidaw Union Territory.[1] It is unusual among Myanmar’s cities in that it is an entirely planned city outside of any state or region. The city, then known only as Pyinmana District, officially replaced Yangon as the administrative capital of Myanmar on 6 November 2005; its official name was revealed to the public on Armed Forces Day, 27 March 2006.[5]
【参考译文】内比都（官方罗马化名称为Nay Pyi Taw，也拼写为Naypyidaw和Nay Pyi Daw）（缅甸语：နေပြည်တော်；MLCTS：Nepranytau；发音为[nèpjìdɔ̀]，字面意思为“大首都”），是缅甸的首都和第三大城市。这座城市位于内比都联邦直辖区中心。[1]缅甸的城市中，内比都较为独特，因为它是完全在州或区域之外规划的城市。这座城市当时仅被称为彬马那区，于2005年11月6日正式取代仰光成为缅甸的行政首都；其官方名称于2006年3月27日建军节向公众公布。[5]

As the seat of the government of Myanmar, Naypyidaw is the site of the Union Parliament, the Supreme Court, the Presidential Palace, the official residences of the Cabinet of Myanmar and the headquarters of government ministries and military. Naypyidaw is notable for its unusual combination of large size and very low population density.[6][7] The city hosted the 24th and 25th ASEAN Summit, the 3rd BIMSTEC Summit, the Ninth East Asia Summit, the 2013 Southeast Asian Games and the 2014 AFC U-19 Championship.
【参考译文】作为缅甸政府的所在地，内比都是缅甸联邦议会、最高法院、总统府、缅甸内阁官邸以及政府各部门和军方总部的所在地。内比都以其面积大和人口密度极低的独特组合而闻名。[6][7]该城市曾主办第24届和第25届东盟峰会、第三届BIMSTEC峰会、第九届东亚峰会、2013年东南亚运动会和2014年亚足联U-19锦标赛。

Coordinates【经纬度坐标】: 19°44′51″N 96°06′54″E
Country【国家】 Myanmar / 缅甸
Division【省份】Naypyidaw Union Territory[1] / 内比都联邦区
Subdivisions【分区】8 townships【8个镇】
Settled【定都于】2005
Incorporated【建制于】2008
Seat【权力机构】Nay Pyi Taw City Hall
Government[2]【政府】
 • Body【实体】Naypyidaw Development Committee
 • Chairman【主席】Myo Aung (Mayor)
Area[3]【面积】
 • Total【总面积】7,054.37 km2 (2,723.71 sq mi)
Elevation【海拔高度】115 m (377 ft)
Population[4]【人口】
 • Total【总人口】924,608
 • Density【人口密度】131.1/km2 (339.5/sq mi)
Time zone【时区】UTC+06:30 (MMT)
Area code【地区代码】067

1. 词源 | Etymology

Naypyidaw is Burmese for “abode of the king”, and is generally translated as “royal capital”,[8] “seat of the king”, or “abode of kings”.[3] Traditionally, it was used as a suffix to the names of royal capitals, such as Mandalay, which was called Yattanarbon Naypyidaw (ရတနာပုံနေပြည်တော်).
【参考译文】词源学内比都（Naypyidaw）在缅甸语中意为“国王的住所”，通常被翻译为“皇家首都”、“国王的宝座”或“国王的住所”。[8][3]传统上，它被用作皇家首都名称的后缀，如曼德勒，就被称为Yattanarbon Naypyidaw（ရတနာပုံနေပြည်တော်）。

1. 历史 | History

Naypyidaw was founded on a greenfield site near Pyinmana, about 320 kilometres (200 mi) north of the old capital, Yangon. Construction started in 2002 and was completed by 2012.[9] At least 25 construction companies were hired by the military government to build the city.[10] It is estimated that the planned city development reaches US$4 billion.[11][12]
【参考译文】内比都位于彬马那附近的一片未开发土地上，距离旧都仰光约 320 公里（200 英里）。建设始于 2002 年，并于 2012 年完成。[9] 军政府聘请了至少 25 家建筑公司来建设这座城市。[10] 据估计，该城市的计划发展达到 40 亿美元。[11][12]

On 27 March 2006, more than 12,000 troops marched in the new capital in its first public event: a massive military parade to mark Armed Forces Day, the anniversary of Burma’s 1945 revolution against the Japanese occupation. Filming was restricted to the concrete parade ground, which contains enormous sculptures of Kings Anawrahta, Bayinnaung and Alaungpaya. The city was officially named Naypyidaw[13] during these ceremonies,[14] and the official, albeit mostly administrative, capital of the country was relocated from Yangon to Naypyidaw.
【参考译文】2006年3月27日，超过12,000名士兵在内比都这座新首都举行了第一次公开活动：为纪念缅甸1945年反抗日本占领的革命周年纪念日，举行了一场盛大的阅兵式。拍摄仅限于混凝土阅兵场，场地上有国王阿奴律陀、蒲甘王和莽应龙国王的巨大雕塑。在这些仪式期间，这座城市被正式命名为内比都[13]，并且缅甸的官方（尽管主要是行政上）首都从仰光迁到了内比都[14]。

On 4 April 2024, the People’s Defense Force launched an unprecedented drone attack against Aye Lar airbase, the main Tatmadaw headquarters, and Min Aung Hlaing’s residence. Almost 30 drones were deployed; junta forces claimed 7 were shot down.[15][16]
【参考译文】2024年4月4日，人民防卫军对耶拉空军基地、塔特马多军总部以及敏昂莱的住所发动了前所未有的无人机袭击。共部署了近30架无人机；军政府军声称击落了其中7架。[15][16]

根据报导，缅甸军政府之所以迁都内比都，主要是因为相对位于沿海的仰光，内比都较有利防范海路入侵，及便于控制克钦族、克伦族、克耶族和掸族等势力强大的少数民族。据BBC的报导：“迁都时所有人都不准带家眷前往，许多未婚的单身男性也被军政府下令迁住该地。”

1.1 迁都背后的理由 | Rationale behind moving the capital

There are several assumptions why the capital was moved: Naypyidaw is more centrally located than the old capital, Yangon. It is also a transportation hub located adjacent to the Shan, Kayah, and Kayin states. It was felt by governmental and military leaders that a stronger military and governmental presence nearby might provide stability to those chronically turbulent regions.[17] The military’s purpose appears to have been to build an impregnable citadel, able to withstand foreign invasion or popular uprisings.[18] The official explanation for moving the capital was that Yangon had become too congested and crowded with little room for future expansion of government offices.[3]
【参考译文】关于迁都的原因有几个假设：内比都的地理位置比旧都仰光更为中心。同时，它也是一个交通枢纽，毗邻掸邦、克耶邦和克伦邦。政府和军方领导人认为，在附近保持更强大的军事和政府力量可能为这些长期动荡的地区带来稳定。[17] 军队的目的似乎是建造一座坚不可摧的要塞，能够抵御外国入侵或民众起义。[18] 迁都的官方解释是仰光已经过于拥挤，政府办公机构未来扩展的空间很小。[3]

2. 地理和气候 | Geography and climate

Naypyidaw is located between the Bago Yoma and Shan Yoma mountain ranges. The city covers an area of 7,054 km2 (2,724 sq mi) and has a population of 924,608, according to official figures.[19]
【参考译文】内比都位于勃固山脉和掸邦山脉之间。根据官方数据，该市占地面积为7,054平方公里（2,724平方英里），人口为924,608人。[19]

Chaungmagyi Dam is located a few kilometres to the north of Naypyidaw, while Ngalaik Dam is a few kilometres to the south. The Yezin Dam is farther away in the north-east.
【参考译文】羌马吉水坝位于内比都以北几公里处，而恩盖利克水坝则位于以南几公里处。伊津水坝位于更远的东北部。

Naypyidaw has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen Climate Classification Aw).
【参考译文】内比都属于热带草原气候（科本气候分类法Aw）。

3. 城市景观 | Cityscape

Naypyidaw is organized into a number of zones.
【参考译文】内比都被划分为多个区域。

图3-1（发布于知乎想法）

3.1 居住区 | Residential zones

The residential areas are carefully organised, and apartments are allotted according to rank and marital status.[20] The city has 1,200 four-story apartment blocks.[21] The roofs of apartment buildings are colour-coded by the jobs of their residents; Ministry of Health employees live in buildings with blue roofs and Ministry of Agriculture employees live in those with green roofs.[20] High-ranking government officials live in mansions,[22] of which there are about 50. However, in 2019, quite a few of the ministerial mansions were reported to be unused and left in a neglected state in overgrown compounds.[23]
【参考译文】居民区经过精心规划，公寓的分配根据等级和婚姻状况而定。[20] 该市有 1,200 栋四层公寓楼。[21] 公寓楼的屋顶颜色根据居民的工作进行编码；卫生部员工居住在蓝色屋顶的公寓楼中，农业部员工则居住在绿色屋顶的公寓楼中。[20] 高级政府官员居住在大约 50 栋豪宅中。[22] 然而，据报道，2019 年，许多部长级豪宅都无人居住，杂草丛生的院落中一片荒凉。[23]

图3-2（发布于知乎想法）

3.2 部委区 | Ministry zone

The city’s Ministry zone contains the headquarters of Myanmar’s government ministries. All the ministry buildings are identical in appearance.[24] A parliamentary complex consisting of 31 buildings[25] and a 100-room presidential palace are also located there.[20] The zone also contains the city hall building, which has many characteristics of Stalinist architecture, but with a Burmese-style roof.
【参考译文】该市的部委区包含缅甸政府各部委的总部。所有部委大楼的外观都相同。[24] 该区还设有一个由 31 栋建筑组成的议会建筑群[25]和一座拥有 100 个房间的总统府。[20] 该区还包含市政厅大楼，该大楼具有许多斯大林式建筑的特点，但屋顶是缅甸风格的。

图3-3和3-4（发布于知乎想法）

3.3 军事区 | Military zone

High-ranking military officers and other key officials live 11 km (6.8 mi) away from regular government employees in a complex said to consist of tunnels and bunkers; this area is restricted to the public.[20] The city also hosts a military base, which is inaccessible to citizens or other personnel without written permission.[9]
【参考译文】高级军官和其他关键官员居住在距离普通政府雇员 11 公里（6.8 英里）远的一个建筑群中，据说该建筑群由隧道和掩体组成；该区域禁止公众进入。[20] 该市还设有一个军事基地，未经书面许可，公民或其他人员不得进入。[9]

3.4 外交区 | Diplomatic zone

The government has set aside 2 hectares (4.9 acres) of land each for foreign embassies and headquarters of United Nations missions. The Chinese embassy formally opened its interim liaison office in 2017. The liaison office is the first foreign office to be permitted to open in Naypyidaw.[26] Bangladesh and Malaysia have also signed agreements to open embassies in Naypyidaw. The government confirms that proposals have been put forward by 11 other countries to move their embassies to Naypyidaw, namely Russia, China, the United States, India, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Turkey and Kuwait.[27] In February 2018, State Counsellor Daw Aung San Suu Kyi chaired a meeting at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Naypyidaw where she urged foreign governments to move their embassies to the capital.
【参考译文】政府分别为外国大使馆和联合国代表团总部预留了 2 公顷（4.9 英亩）的土地。中国大使馆于 2017 年正式开设了其临时联络处。该联络处是首家获准在内比都开设的外国机构。[26] 孟加拉国和马来西亚也已签署协议，将在内比都开设大使馆。政府证实，已有 11 个其他国家提出将大使馆迁往内比都的提案，这些国家分别是俄罗斯、中国、美国、印度、沙特阿拉伯、卡塔尔、菲律宾、印度尼西亚、泰国、土耳其和科威特。[27] 2018 年 2 月，国务资政昂山素季在内比都外交部主持召开会议，敦促外国政府将大使馆迁往首都。

3.5 酒店区 | Hotel zone

The Hotel zone has a handful of villa-style hotels on the hilly outskirts of the city. There are twelve hotels located in or near Naypyidaw. Eight of these are located within the Naypyidaw Hotel Zone, and two are located in Laeway (Lewe) on the Yangon-Mandalay Road.[28] Forty villas were constructed near the Myanmar Convention Centre in preparation for the 25th ASEAN summit conducted in Naypyidaw in November 2014. Construction of the villas was begun in 2010 by the government. However, funds were limited, so the project was later put out to tender for completion by private sector investors. A total of 348 hotels and 442 inns were constructed to house the athletes and spectators of the 2013 Southeast Asian Games, which was hosted in Naypyidaw.[29]
【参考译文】酒店区位于内比都市郊多山的外围，设有几家别墅式酒店。在内比都或附近地区共有 12 家酒店。其中 8 家位于内比都酒店区，另外 2 家位于仰光至曼德勒公路上的莱威 (Lewe)。[28] 为筹备 2014 年 11 月在内比都举行的第 25 届东盟峰会，缅甸会议中心附近建造了 40 栋别墅。这些别墅由政府于 2010 年开始建造。然而，由于资金有限，该项目后来被拿出来招标，由私营部门投资者完成。为容纳 2013 年在内比都举办的东南亚运动会的运动员和观众，共建造了 348 家酒店和 442 家客栈。[29]

3.6 购物 | Shopping

图3-5和3-6（发布于知乎想法）

Naypyidaw Myoma Market is the commercial centre of Naypyidaw. Other shopping areas include Thapye Chaung Market, Junction Centre Naypyidaw and Naypyidaw Wholesale. Junction Centre is the city’s first privately operated shopping centre.[19] There are also local markets and a restaurant area.
【参考译文】内比都皎玛市场是内比都的商业中心。其他购物区包括塔佩羌市场、内比都交汇中心以及内比都批发区。交汇中心是该市第一家私人经营的购物中心。[19] 除此之外，还有当地市场和餐饮区。

3.7 休闲 | Recreation

Ngalaik Lake Gardens is a small water park situated along the Ngalaik Dam, near Kyweshin Village on Ngalaik Lake (about 11 kilometres (7 mi) from Naypyidaw). Opened in 2008, facilities at the Ngalaik Lake Gardens include water slides, natural resorts, lodging and a beach. The gardens are open to the public during Thingyan holidays.[30]
【参考译文】恩格莱湖花园是一个小型水上公园，位于恩格莱水坝附近，靠近恩格莱湖上的奎欣村（距离内比都约 11 公里（7 英里））。恩格莱湖花园于 2008 年开放，设施包括水上滑梯、自然度假村、住宿和海滩。在泼水节期间，花园对外开放。[30]

Also opened in 2008, the 81-hectare (200-acre) National Herbal Park has exhibits of plants having medicinal applications from all of the major regions of Myanmar. There are thousands of plants at the park, representing hundreds of different species.[31] Behind the city hall, there is a park with a playground and water fountain complex, which hosts a musical light show every night.[20]
【参考译文】同样在 2008 年开放的 81 公顷（200 英亩）国家草药公园展示了缅甸所有主要地区的药用植物。该公园有数千种植物，代表着数百种不同的物种。[31] 市政厅后面有一个公园，内设游乐场和水上喷泉，每晚都会上演音乐灯光秀。[20]

The Naypyidaw Zoological Gardens opened in 2008 with 420 species and now with 1500 animals. The main attraction of the zoo is the climate-controlled penguin house. The animals were shipped to it from the old one in Yangon.[32][33] The Naypyidaw Safari Park officially opened on 12 February 2011.[34][35]
【参考译文】内比都动物园于 2008 年开放，当时有 420 个物种，现在有 1500 只动物。动物园的主要景点是温控企鹅馆。这些动物是从仰光的老动物园运来的。[32][33] 内比都野生动物园于 2011 年 2 月 12 日正式开放。[34][35]

Naypyidaw also has two golf courses, Naypyidaw City Golf Course and Yaypyar Golf Course, and a gem museum.[28]
【参考译文】内比都还有两个高尔夫球场，即内比都城市高尔夫球场和亚帕亚高尔夫球场，以及一个宝石博物馆。[28]

图3-7（发布于知乎想法）

3.8 地标 | Landmark

Main article: Uppatasanti Pagoda【主条目：和平塔】

Similar in size and shape to the Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon, Uppatasanti Pagoda was completed in 2009.[36] This new pagoda is named the Uppatasanti or “Peace Pagoda”. The stake-driving ceremony for the pagoda was held on 12 November 2006.[37] The invitation card for the ceremony opened with a phrase “Rajahtani Naypyidaw (the royal capital where the king resides)”.[38] The pagoda is just 30 cm (12 in) shorter than the Shwedagon Pagoda.[39] Uppatasanti translates roughly to “Protection against Calamity”. It is the name of a sūtra prepared by a monk in the early 16th century. It is to be recited in time of crisis, especially in the face of foreign invasion.[40]
【参考译文】和平塔的大小和形状与仰光的瑞光大金塔相似，于 2009 年竣工。[36] 这座新的佛塔被称为和平塔（Uppatasanti Pagoda）。佛塔的奠基仪式于 2006 年 11 月 12 日举行。[37] 仪式的邀请函开头写着“内比都王城（国王居住的皇家首都）”。[38] 这座佛塔仅比瑞光大金塔矮 30 厘米（12 英寸）。[39] Uppatasanti 大致翻译为“抵御灾难的庇护”。它是 16 世纪初一位僧侣编写的经文的名称。该经文应在危机时刻诵读，尤其是在面临外敌入侵时。[40]

4. 行政管理 | Administration

图4-1和4-2（发布于知乎想法）

The Naypyidaw Union Territory is administered at both the State/Region level, and as a municipality at the local level under two different governing bodies. Naypyidaw is one of three cities in the country to have municipal governance, the others being Yangon and Mandalay.[41]
【参考译文】内比都联邦直辖区由两个不同的管理机构管理，既在邦/省一级管理，又在地方一级作为市政当局管理。内比都是缅甸三个实行市政管理的城市之一，其他两个是仰光和曼德勒。[41]

Naypyidaw Council (NPTC) is the regional administrative body of the territory, and is under the direct supervision of the President of Myanmar.[42] The council is appointed by the President, and must have no less than 5 and no more than 10 members and include both civilians and military personnel. The Chairperson becomes the ex-officio Mayor, and the Head of the General Administration Department (GAD) of the territory becomes the Secretary of the council.[42][43] Matters under the jurisdiction of the Council include: general planning, coordination of internal security, nature conservation, emergency management, oversight of civil service organizations within the territory, and any other duties assigned to it by the constitution or law.[42]
【参考译文】内比都市议会（NPTC）是该地区的区域行政机构，直接受缅甸总统监督。[42] 该议会由总统任命，成员不得少于 5 人，不得多于 10 人，包括平民和军事人员。议会议长自动成为市长，该地区总行政部（GAD）负责人成为议会秘书。[42][43] 议会管辖的事项包括：总体规划、内部安全协调、自然保护、应急管理、监督该地区内的公务员组织，以及宪法或法律赋予的任何其他职责。[42]

Naypyidaw Development Committee (NPTDC) is the local government body of the territory. The committee is appointed by the President, and must have at least 5 members, but no more than 9.[44] The Chairperson of the Committee becomes the Mayor of Naypyidaw, the vice-chairman becomes the Vice-Mayor, and the Head of Office becomes the Joint Secretary of the committee.[44] Because both laws make the chair of the Council and Committee the mayor, the same person holds both offices. Matters under the jurisdiction of the Committee include: urban planning, land-use planning, planning permission, traffic management, various public works (sewage treatment, water supply, sanitation, roads, bridges, drainage, etc.), and other local competencies.[44] Unlike the NPTC which must request funding for its budget from the Union government, the committee is permitted to levy taxes to fund its work.[44]
【参考译文】内比都发展委员会（NPTDC）是该地区的地方政府机构。该委员会由总统任命，成员不得少于 5 人，不得多于 9 人。[44] 委员会主席成为内比都市长，副主席成为副市长，办公室主任成为委员会联合秘书。[44] 由于两项法律都规定议会和委员会主席为市长，因此同一人担任这两个职务。委员会管辖的事项包括：城市规划、土地使用规划、规划许可、交通管理、各种公共工程（污水处理、供水、卫生、道路、桥梁、排水等）以及其他地方权限。[44] 与必须向联邦政府申请预算资金的 NPTC 不同，该委员会被允许征税以资助其工作。[44]

The current mayor is Dr. Maung Maung Naing, appointed as the Chair of Naypyidaw Council on 2 February 2021.[45] Dr. Myo Aung of the National League for Democracy party served as Mayor from his appointment on 1 April 2016, until his arrest on 1 February 2021, during the 2021 Myanmar coup d’état.[46][47]
【参考译文】现任市长是毛昂奈博士，于 2021 年 2 月 2 日被任命为内比都市议会主席。[45] 全国民主联盟党的缪昂博士自 2016 年 4 月 1 日被任命以来一直担任市长，直到 2021 年 2 月 1 日在 2021 年缅甸政变期间被捕。[46][47]

4.1 行政区划 | Administrative divisions

Naypyidaw Union Territory consists of 2 districts subdivided into 8 townships. Pyinmana, Lewe, and Tatkone townships were all formerly part of Yamethin District in Mandalay Region. Ottarathiri, Dekkhinathiri, Popphathiri, Zabuthiri, and Zeyathiri are all new townships under construction. Like the townships in the rest of the country, they are governed by a development affairs organization (DAO) which includes a Township Administrator appointed by the General Administration Department, and an elected Township Development Affairs Committee (TDAC).[41]
【参考译文】内比都联邦直辖区由 2 个区组成，这 2 个区又分为 8 个镇区。彬马那、莱韦和达贡镇区以前都是曼德勒省亚眉镇区的一部分。奥塔瑞、德钦、波帕、扎布和泽雅都是正在建设的新镇区。与缅甸其他地区的镇区一样，它们由发展事务组织（DAO）管理，该组织包括由总行政部任命的镇区管理员和选举产生的镇区发展事务委员会（TDAC）。[41]

There is sometimes some controversy about land use and changes in land ownership related to the urban spread of Naypyidaw. In late 2014, for example, there were suggestions in parliament that land grabs were occurring near the Dekkhinathiri Township and that existing laws needed to be amended to provide better protection for farmers.[48] There has also been criticism from some members of parliament about the size of the Naypyidaw Union Territory and the fact that money is being spent on urban infrastructure (such as lighting around lakes) although the facilities do not attract much use.[49]
【参考译文】有时，关于内比都城市扩张相关的土地使用和土地所有权变更会存在一些争议。例如，2014 年底，议会中有人提出，德钦镇区附近发生了土地掠夺事件，并建议修改现行法律，以更好地保护农民。[48] 议会中一些成员也对内比都联邦直辖区的面积以及将资金用于城市基础设施（如湖泊周围的照明设施）的做法提出了批评，尽管这些设施的使用率并不高。[49]

5. 交通 | Transport

5.1 公路 | Roads

图5-1和5-2（发布于知乎想法）

The four-lane, 323.2 km (200.8 mi) Yangon-Naypyidaw highway links Naypyidaw with Yangon directly and is part of the 563 km (350 mi) long Yangon-Naypyidaw-Mandalay Expressway. There is a 20-lane boulevard; like most roads in the city, it is largely empty.[50][51] Naypyidaw has four-lane roads and multilevel, flower-covered roundabouts (traffic circles).[32]
【参考译文】四车道的仰光-内比都高速公路全长 323.2 公里（200.8 英里），直接将内比都与仰光连接起来，是 563 公里（350 英里）长的仰光-内比都-曼德勒高速公路的一部分。这里有一条 20 车道的大道，和城市中的大多数道路一样，这条大道上车辆稀少。[50][51] 内比都拥有四车道公路和多层、鲜花环绕的环岛（交通环岛）。

5.2 航空 | Air

图5-3（发布于知乎想法）

Nay Pyi Taw International Airport, also known as Ayelar Airport, opened in December 2011 and is 16 km (10 mi) south-east of the city, between the towns of Ela and Lewe. It has been served by all domestic airlines—Air Bagan, Air Mandalay, Myanmar National Airlines, FMI Air and Yangon Airways—with regular flights to Yangon and other cities across the country.[52] According to the Transport Ministry, the airport has a 3.6 kilometres (2.2 mi) long runway, a control tower 69 metres (226 ft) high and handle up to 65,000 flights annually.[53] Bangkok Airways, China Eastern Airlines, Qingdao Airlines, and Donghai Airlines have also served the airport with international flights to and from Bangkok, Kunming, Nanning, Xi’ an, and Shenzhen.
【参考译文】内比都国际机场，又称阿耶勒机场，于 2011 年 12 月开放，位于城市东南方向 16 公里（10 英里）处，位于埃拉镇和莱韦镇之间。该机场已开通所有国内航空公司——缅甸航空、曼德勒航空、缅甸国家航空、FMI 航空和仰光航空——的定期航班，飞往仰光和其他城市。[52] 据交通部称，该机场拥有一条 3.6 公里（2.2 英里）长的跑道、一座 69 米（226 英尺）高的控制塔，每年可处理多达 65,000 次航班。[53] 曼谷航空、中国东方航空、青岛航空和东海航空也开通了往返曼谷、昆明、南宁、西安和深圳的国际航班。

5.3 公共汽车和出租车 | Buses and taxis

Public transport services are limited between neighborhoods.[20] Government ministries run shuttle buses in the morning and evening to their respective buildings.[54]
【参考译文】邻里之间的公共交通服务有限。[20] 政府各部门在早晚会运行班车前往各自的办公大楼。[54]

The city has a central bus station[3] and one taxi company, which is operated by the military.[20] Motorbikes are banned from some roads in Naypyidaw city limits, including sections of Taw Win Yadana Road, as a result of hundreds of traffic accident-related deaths in 2009.[55]
【参考译文】内比都设有一个中央汽车站[3]和一家出租车公司，后者由军方运营。[20] 由于 2009 年数百起因交通事故造成的死亡事件，内比都市区内的部分道路（包括陶温亚达纳路的部分路段）禁止摩托车通行。[55]

5.4 铁路 | Railways

Further information: Myanmar Railways【延伸阅读：缅甸的铁路】

图5-4（发布于知乎想法）

Naypyidaw Central railway station was opened at milepost No. (233/0), between Ywataw station and Kyihtaunggan station on the Yangon–Mandalay Railway with a station area of 2,700 m × 1,200 m (9,000 ft × 4,000 ft) and a covered area of 334.5 hectares (826.5 acres). Construction began on 8 December 2006 and Naypyidaw railway station was opened on 5 July 2009, even though the overpass, locomotive shed, concrete road leading up to the station, parking lot, passenger lounge and platform were not completed.[56]
【参考译文】内比都中央火车站位于仰光至曼德勒铁路的雅瓦塔车站和吉达贡车站之间，位于 233/0 里程碑处，占地面积 2,700 米 × 1,200 米（9,000 英尺 × 4,000 英尺），覆盖面积 334.5 公顷（826.5 英亩）。该火车站于 2006 年 12 月 8 日开始建设，并于 2009 年 7 月 5 日开放，尽管高架桥、机车棚、通往车站的混凝土道路、停车场、旅客休息室和站台尚未完工。[56]

Before the opening of Naypyidaw railway station, Naypyidaw was served by Pyinmana and Lewe stations, though only Pyinmana station is on the main rail line (which extends from Yangon-Bago-Naypyidaw-Thazi-Mandalay). Lewe station is on the way from Pyinmana to Kyaukpadaung. It takes nine hours by train to get from Yangon to Pyinmana; trains leave at 12:00 and arrive at 21:30 local time.[57]
【参考译文】在内比都火车站开放之前，内比都的铁路运输由彬马那和莱韦火车站负责，但只有彬马那火车站位于主要铁路线上（该线路从仰光-勃固-内比都-达西-曼德勒延伸）。莱韦火车站位于从彬马那到皎漂的途中。从仰光乘火车到彬马那需要九个小时；火车于当地时间 12:00 发车，21:30 到达。[57]

In August 2011, Russian news media announced that a Russian-based firm would be constructing a 50-kilometre (31 mi) metro line, which would be the country’s first underground rail system, underneath Naypyidaw.[58][59] However, the Rail Transportation Ministry then announced that the plan had been cancelled due to lack of demand and budgetary limits.[60]
【参考译文】2011 年 8 月，俄罗斯新闻媒体宣布，一家俄罗斯公司将在内比都下方修建一条 50 公里（31 英里）的地铁线路，这将是缅甸的首个地铁系统。[58][59] 然而，铁路运输部随后宣布，由于需求不足和预算限制，该计划已被取消。[60]

6. 教育和研究 | Education and research

6.1 高等教育 | Higher education

Yezin(a few kilometers north-east of Naypyidaw and Pyinmana)
【参考译文】耶津（内比都和彬马那东北方向几公里处）

Nay Pyi Taw【内比都】

6.2 研究 | Research

  • Forest Research Institute (FRI), Yezin[citation needed]
    【参考译文】耶津森林研究所（FRI）[需引证]
  • Department of Agricultural Research (DAR), Yezin[citation needed]
    【参考译文】耶津农业研究部（DAR）[需引证]
  • Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute (SABRI)[63]
    【参考译文】东南亚生物多样性研究所（SABRI）[63]

7. 卫生健康 | Healthcare

图6-1（发布于知乎想法）

The city is served by five public hospitals: 1000-bed Naypyidaw General Hospital, Naypyidaw Women Hospital, Naypyidaw ENT Hospital, 100-bed Naypyidaw Traditional Medicine Hospital, and Naypyidaw Orthopaedic Hospital.[64][65][66][67][self-published source?] There is also a 300-bed Obstetric, Gynaecological and Children’s Hospital of Defence Services, which is one of the teaching hospitals of Myanmar Defence Services Medical Academy. The nearby towns of Lewe, Pyinmana, and Tatkone each have one hospital.[28]
【参考译文】该市有五所公立医院：拥有 1000 张床位的内比都总医院、内比都女子医院、内比都耳鼻喉医院、拥有 100 张床位的内比都传统医学医院和内比都骨科医院。[64][65][66][67][自出版来源？] 还有一所拥有 300 张床位的国防服务妇产科儿童医院，是缅甸国防服务医学院的教学医院之一。附近的莱韦、彬马那和达贡镇各有一所医院。[28]

8. 体育运动 | Sports

Naypyidaw F.C, a Myanmar National League football club, is based at Wunna Theikdi Stadium in Naypyidaw.
【参考译文】内比都足球俱乐部是一家缅甸国家联赛足球俱乐部，其主场位于内比都的云娜蒂基体育场。

9. 主要景点 | Main sights

9.1 宗教景点 | Religious sites

图9-1（发布于知乎想法）

9.2 博物馆和纪念碑 | Museums and memorials

图9-2（发布于知乎想法）
  • Memorial to the Fallen Heroes【阵亡将士纪念碑】
  • National Museum【国家博物馆】
  • Defence Services Museum【国防服务博物馆】
  • Naypyidaw Gems Museum【内比都宝石博物馆】
  • Planetarium【天文馆】
  • The Museum of Sport[68]【体育博物馆[68]】

9.3 休闲 | Recreation

图9-3（发布于知乎想法）

9.4 音乐厅和剧院 | Concert halls and theatres

  • Myanmar International Convention Centre 1 (MICC-1)【缅甸国际会议中心 1（MICC-1）】
  • Myanmar International Convention Centre 2 (MICC-2)【缅甸国际会议中心 2（MICC-2）】
  • Open-Air Theatre[69]【露天剧场[69]】

10. 艺术和娱乐 | Arts and entertainment

The Myanmar Motion Picture Academy Awards are held annually in Naypyidaw given to the highest achievers in Burmese cinema.[70] There is a movie theater in the Junction Centre Mall as well as in the Ocean Supercenter. There are two others in nearby Pyinmana, and one in Tatkone Township.[28]
【参考译文】缅甸电影艺术学院奖每年在内比都举行，颁发给缅甸电影界成就最高的人。[70] Junction Centre Mall 和 Ocean Supercenter 都有电影院。附近彬马那镇有两家电影院，达贡镇有一家。[28]

11. 媒体和通讯 | Media and communications

The headquarters of the Ministry of Information is located in Naypyidaw. Since 2009, Naypyidaw has had mobile phone coverage.
【参考译文】缅甸新闻部总部设在内比都。自 2009 年以来，内比都已有手机信号覆盖。

11.1 印刷品 | Print

The Myanmar Alin and the Kyaymon in Burmese and the New Light of Myanmar in English are available in Naypyidaw. Since 18 November 2011, the Ministry of Information has begun publishing a weekly journal called the Naypyidaw Times, to report on government policies.[71]
【参考译文】在内比都，可以阅读到缅甸语的《缅甸之光报》和《金凤凰报》以及英文的《新光报》。自 2011 年 11 月 18 日起，新闻部开始出版一份名为《内比都时报》的周刊，报道政府政策。[71]

11.2 音频广播 | Radio

There are a number of AM and FM stations broadcasting in Naypyidaw. The main available channels in Naypyidaw are Myanmar Radio (operated by MRTV), Cherry FM, Mandalay FM, FM Bagan, Padamyar FM, Pyinsawaddy FM, Shwe FM and City FM.
【参考译文】内比都有多个 AM 和 FM 电台。内比都的主要电台频道包括缅甸广播电台（由 MRTV 运营）、Cherry FM、曼德勒 FM、蒲甘 FM、Padamyar FM、Pyinsawaddy FM、Shwe FM 和 City FM。

11.3 电视 | Television

MRTV, MRTV-4 and MWD are the main channels, broadcasting Burmese-language programmes in Naypyidaw. Privately owned enterprise Sky Net provides more than 70 pay-TV channels of local and international origin. MRTV broadcasts 19 free-to-air channels and MWD broadcasts 8 free-to-air channels. Other TV channels such as Channel 7, 5-plus and Myanmar International, the English-language channel that targets overseas audiences are also available.
【参考译文】MRTV、MRTV-4 和 MWD 是内比都的主要频道，播放缅甸语节目。私营的 Sky Net 公司提供 70 多个本地和国际付费电视频道。MRTV 播放 19 个免费频道，MWD 播放 8 个免费频道。其他电视频道如 Channel 7、5-plus 和缅甸国际电视台（针对海外观众的英文频道）也可收看。

12. 成本和问题 | Costs and issues

One estimate puts the cost in the range of $3–4 billion USD although only part of this estimate is for cash spending because non-cash investments were also reportedly involved in supporting the construction effort.[51]
【参考译文】据估计，建设成本在 30-40 亿美元之间，但这一估计中只有一部分是现金支出，因为据报道，非现金投资也用于支持建设工作。[51]

There is now continual travel by vehicles along the 300 km (190 mi) highway from Yangon to Naypyidaw, which is four lanes for most of the way. There are relatively few vehicles for much of the time on the road. Most trucks traveling north from Yangon to Naypyidaw and Mandalay are prohibited from using the highway. The Asian Development Bank has estimated that allowing more trucks onto the road would save over $100 million per year in reduced traveling time and other savings.[72] There are plans to turn the road into a six-lane highway for greater safety.[73]
【参考译文】目前，从仰光到内比都的 300 公里（190 英里）高速公路上车辆不断，大部分路段有四条车道。但路上大部分时间车辆相对较少。从仰光向北前往内比都和曼德勒的大多数卡车都被禁止使用该高速公路。亚洲开发银行估计，允许更多卡车驶入该路段每年可节省超过 1 亿美元的旅行时间和其他费用。[72] 为提高安全性，有关部门计划将该路段扩建成六车道高速公路。[73]

The proportion of housing that meets expatriate needs is limited because the majority of existing apartments are for government employees.[74]
【参考译文】由于现有的公寓主要是为政府雇员提供的，因此满足外籍人士需求的住房比例有限。[74]

In March 2014, Naypyidaw was one of the locations featured on the British motoring TV show Top Gear during a two-part special event in Myanmar.
【参考译文】2014 年 3 月，在英国汽车电视节目《Top Gear》在缅甸举办的一场两集特别活动中，内比都是其中一个拍摄地点。

In 2018, Naypyidaw was on the TV show Dark Tourist.
【参考译文】2018 年，内比都出现在了电视节目《暗黑旅游者》中。

A. 参见（维基百科的相关词条）| See also

flagMyanmar portal【缅甸主题】

B. 英文词条参考文献

References：Dulyapak Preecharushh, Naypyidaw: New Capital of Burma, 2009, White Lotus. ISBN 978-9744801302

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4. 中文词条参考资料

  1. ^ News Briefs. The Myanmar Times. Myanmar Consolidated Media. 2006-03-20 [2006-04-01]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）.
  2. ^ Pedrosa, Veronica. Myanmar’s ‘seat of the kings’. Al Jazeera. 2006-11-20 [2006-11-21]. （原始内容存档于2006-11-23）.
  3. ^ Naypyitaw Map. [2020-09-18]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-31）.
  4. ^ Zabuthiri map. [2020-09-18]. （原始内容存档于2016-05-13）.

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