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目录
1. 正文(发布于知乎专栏)
第一部分(概述、词源、标志、历史)请点击这里访问
第二部分(地理、政府、人口统计)请点击这里访问
第三部分(经济、社会和文化)请点击这里访问
第四部分(剩余部分)请点击这里访问
2. 参见(维基百科的相关词条)| See also
Peru portal【秘鲁主题】
————————————————————
- Largest cities in the Americas【美洲最大的城市】
- List of people from Lima【来自利马的人物列表】
- List of sites of interest in the Lima Metropolitan area【利马都会区名胜列表】
3. 英文词条参考文献 | References
3.1 引用列表(与文中标号对应)
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- ^ “Lima Population 2023”. worldpopulationreview.com. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
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- ^ “TelluBase—Peru Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)” (PDF). Tellusant. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
- ^ Jump up to:a b INEI (Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática) 2023, p. 23
- ^ “America: Population Statistics in Maps and Charts for Cities, Agglomerations and Administrative Divisions of all Countries in America”. www.citypopulation.de.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Limaq” (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 October 2009.
- ^ “El origen del nombre de nuestra capital” [The origin of the name of our capital] (in Spanish). Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. 22 April 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
- ^ “Ciudad de Lima”. Heráldica Latinoamericana (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
- ^ “Lima tiene dos himnos que nadie ha escuchado”. Perú.21. 2008. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
- ^ Jump up to:a b The Rough Guide to Peru. England: Rough Guides. 2015. ISBN 978-0-241-24692-4.
- ^ Conlee et al. 2004, p. 218.
- ^ “Cajamarquilla Archaeological Site – World Monuments Watch – 2006”. World Monuments Fund.
- ^ Jump up to:a b James Higgins (2005). Lima: A Cultural History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 22, 45. ISBN 0-19-517890-4.
- ^ Alberto Colán Falcón. Identidad – Cultura Chancay. p. 1.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Díaz, Luisa; Vallejo, Francisco (9 April 2002). “Armatambo y el dominio incaico en el valle de Lima”. Boletín de Arqueología PUCP (6): 355–374. doi:10.18800/boletindearqueologiapucp.200201.014. ISSN 2304-4292.
- ^ Gonzáles, César W. Astuhuamán (1 January 2011). “The concept of Inca province at Tawantinsuyu”. INDIANA – Estudios Antropológicos sobre América Latina y el Caribe. 28: 79–107. doi:10.18441/ind.v28i0.79-107. ISSN 2365-2225.
- ^ Cobo, Bernabé (1882). Historia de la fundación de Lima (in Spanish). Imprenta liberal.
- ^ “Lenguas supérstites del Tahuantinsuyo”. elperuano.pe (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 July 2024.
- ^ Guzmán-García, Carlos Enrique (1 January 2012). “REDESCUBRIENDO LIMA INCA, Carlos Enrique Guzmán (2012)”. Arquivisión.
- ^ Pedro de Peralta Barnuevo Rocha y Benavides (1863). Colección de documentos literarios del Peru: Lima fundada. Establecimiento de tipografía y encuadernación de A. Alfaro.
- ^ “Historia de la Fundación de Lima”. National University of San Marcos.
- ^ Ephraim George Squier (1877). Peru. Incidents of Travel and Exploration in the Land of the Incas. Macmillan Inc. p. 34. ISBN 978-1-59884-777-2.
- ^ “Lima, City of Kings”. brown.edu.
- ^ Ralph Francis Bennett – Center for Renaissance and Baroque Studies (1986). Settlements in the Americas: Cross-cultural Perspectives. University of Delaware Press. p. 35. ISBN 0-87413-411-0.
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- ^ Tolla, Enrique Bonilla di (2009). Lima and El Callao – An Architectural and Landscape Guide (PDF). Lima, Seville: Universidad Ricardo Palma. ISBN 978-84-7595-215-4.
- ^ Charles Walker (2003). “The Upper Classes and Their Upper Stories: Architecture and the Aftermath of the Lima Earthquake of 1746”. Hispanic American Historical Review. 83 (1). Hispanic American Historical Review – Duke University Press: 53–55. doi:10.1215/00182168-83-1-53. S2CID 144925044.
- ^ Guamán Poma (1615). “Nueva corónica y buen gobierno”. Royal Library, Denmark website. p. 362.
- ^ “Plaza Mayor de Lima”. Museo de América (Madrid) website. 1680.
- ^ Viaje pintoresco a las dos Américas, Asia y África: resúmen jeneral de todos los viajes y descubrimientos de… 4-6. Imprenta y libreria de Juan Olivares. 1842.
- ^ Juan Luis Orrego Penagos (9 April 2010). “La flora de Lima: introducción”. Pontifical Catholic University of Peru.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Manuel A. Fuentes (1866). Lima or Sketches of the Capital of Peru, Historical, Statistical, Administrative, Commercial and Moral. Firmin Didot, Brothers, Sons & Co.
- ^ “Puente De Piedra, Lima”. Old Fund of the University of Seville.
- ^ “Reseña Histórica del Congreso”. Congreso de la República del Perú.
- ^ Jorge Basadre (1929). La iniciación de la república: contribución al estudio de la evolución política y social del Perú. Vol. 2. Universidad Nacional de San Marcos. p. 31. ISBN 9972-46-196-3.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Un arco para Lima”. camp.ucss.edu.pe. 3 December 2021. p. 59.
- ^ Johann Jakob von Tschudi (1847). Travels in Peru. Outlook Verlag. p. 59. ISBN 978-3-7326-3675-4.
- ^ John Carlos Rowe (2000). Literary Culture and U.S. Imperialism. From the Revolution to World War II. Oxford University Press. p. 436. ISBN 978-0-19-513150-5.
- ^ Kathya Araujo (2009). Dignos de su arte: sujeto y lazo social en el Perú de las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Santiago de Chile: Iberoamericana Editorial. p. 48. ISBN 978-84-8489-387-5.
- ^ Ascensión Martínez Riaza (2006). “A pesar del gobierno”: españoles en el Perú, 1879-1939. Editorial CSIC. p. 139. ISBN 84-00-08449-7.
- ^ Jorge Rojas (1996). Las políticas comerciales y cambiarias en el Perú, 1960-1995. Fondo Editorial PUCP. p. 55. ISBN 9972-42-060-4.
- ^ “Historia del Ministerio de Educación”. Ministry of Education (Peru).
- ^ Jump up to:a b Golte, Jürgen. “La Migración Andina y la Cultura Peruana”. Congress of the Republic of Peru. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
- ^ “HISTORIA DE VILLA EL SALVADOR”. Villa El Salvador Municipality. Archived from the original on 12 July 2012.
- ^ “Lima Metropolitana perfil socio-demográfico” (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. Archived from the original on 13 August 2007. Retrieved 12 August 2007.
- ^ Dietz 1980, p. 35.
- ^ Dietz 1980, p. 36..
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j “Una mirada a Lima Metropolitana” [A look at Metropolitan Lima] (PDF) (in Spanish). Lima: Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. September 2014. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
- ^ “Análisis Meteorológico” [Meteorological Analysis] (in Spanish). Ministerio del Ambiente Peru. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
- ^ Peel, M. C.; Finlayson B. L. & McMahon, T. A. (2007). “Updated world map of the Köppen−Geiger climate classification” (PDF). Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11 (5): 1633–1644. Bibcode:2007HESS…11.1633P. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. ISSN 1027-5606.
- ^ “Average Weather For Callao/Lima, Peru”. WeatherSpark. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
- ^ “Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú” (in Spanish). Government of Peru. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
- ^ “CLIMATE ON THE COAST OF PERU”. www.nationalparks-worldwide.com. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
- ^ “World Weather Information Service – Lima”. World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
- ^ “BBC Weather – Lima”. BBC. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Capel Molina, José J. (1999). “Lima, un clima de desierto litoral” (PDF). Anales de Geografía de la Universidad Complutense (in Spanish). 19. Madrid: Universidad Complutense de Madrid: 25–45. ISSN 0211-9803. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2010. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
- ^ Painter, James (12 March 2007). “Americas | Peru’s alarming water truth”. BBC News. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
- ^ “Klimatafel von Lima-Callao (Int. Flugh.) / Peru” (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
- ^ “Station Jorge Chavez” (in French). Météo Climat. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
- ^ “SENAMHI – Normales Estaciones” (in Spanish). SENAMHI. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
- ^ “Corte Superior de Justicia de Lima” [Superior Court of Lima] (in Spanish). Judicial Power of Peru. Archived from the original on 11 December 2008. Retrieved 3 December 2008.
- ^ “Corte Superior de Justicia de Lima Norte” [Superior Court of North Lima] (in Spanish). Judicial Power of Peru. Archived from the original on 1 December 2008. Retrieved 3 December 2008.
- ^ Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática, Perfil Sociodemográfico del Perú pp. 29–30, 32, 34.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Urban Agglomerations 2014 Archived 6 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine. – note, per the source, “Urban agglomerations included in the chart are those of 1 million inhabitants or more in 2007. An agglomeration contains the population within the contours of contiguous territory inhabited at urban levels of residential density without regard to administrative boundaries.”
- ^ Baily, Samuel L; Míguez, Eduardo José (2003). Latin America Since 1930. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8420-2831-8. Retrieved 17 April 2010 – via Google Books.
- ^ “The Institute of International Education (IIE)”. IIEPassport.org. Archived from the original on 9 June 2008. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
- ^ “:: Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission, R.O.C. ::”. Ocac.gov.tw. 24 August 2004. Archived from the original on 25 November 2004. Retrieved 10 October 2009.
- ^ Rafaél Sagredo Baeza (14 August 2019). Ruptures and continuities in colonial and independence art (PDF). XIII International Conference on Colonial Art, History and Culture. Bogotá. ISSN 2322-7141.
- ^ History of Lima. Lima Info. Archived 29 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Colonial Lima according to Jorge Juan and Antonio de Ulloa. From Jorge Juan and Antonio de Ulloa, A Voyage to South America (1748).
- ^ “Niveles socioeconómicos en Lima Metropolitana y Callao – APEIM” [Socioeconomic levels in Metropolitan Lima and Callao – APEIM] (PDF) (in Spanish). Asociación Peruana de Empresas de Investigación de Mercados. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
- ^ Infoplease. Lima. Retrieved 8 December 2008.
- ^ AttractionGuide. Lima Attractions. Retrieved 8 December 2008.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Study Abroad Peru”. Study Abroad Domain. Archived from the original on 21 November 2008. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
- ^ Bethell, Leslie (1991). Latin America Since 1930. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-26652-9. Retrieved 17 April 2010 – via Google Books.
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- ^ “República del Perú evaluación de la gobernabilidad democrática” [Republic of Peru evaluation of democratic governance] (PDF) (in Spanish). Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo. 2007. p. 24.
- ^ “The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency”. cia.gov. Archived from the original on 13 June 2007.
- ^ “Bolsa de Valores de Lima” [Lima Stock Exchange] (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2007. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
- ^ “Bolsa de Valores de Lima”. Bolsa de Valores de Lima. Archived from the original on 14 July 2008. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Republic of Peru” (PDF). Retrieved 8 July 2009.
- ^ “Compañías de Seguros Peru”. Oh Perú. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
- ^ Yuwa Hedrick-Wong; Desmond Choong. “Master Card 2014 Global Destination Cities Index” (PDF). p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 August 2019. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
- ^ “10 YEARS LATER: THE CITIES IN LATIN AMERICA & THE CARIBBEAN TAKING CROSS BORDER TRAVEL TO NEW LEVELS”. MasterCard Social Newsroom. Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
- ^ Sara Humphreys; Steph Dyson; Todd Obolsky (2018). The Rough Guide to Peru (Travel Guide eBook). England: Apa Publications. ISBN 978-1-78919-509-5.
- ^ “Historic Centre of Lima”. UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- ^ “El Parque de la Muralla”. perutoptours.com.
- ^ Ellen Boer, Peter Boer (2017). Grand Tourist 2. On Experiencing the World. Xlibris Corporation. ISBN 978-1-5434-6887-8.
- ^ “Geography of Lima”. Geography.howstuffworks.com. Archived from the original on 27 June 2008.
- ^ Marmon, Johanna (1 December 2003). “Colonial masterpiece: many who visit Peru come for the journey to ancient Macchu Picchu. But the former colonial—and current day—capital city of Lima is an architectural and gastronomic wonderland”. South Florida CEO. Archived from the original on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Web Design by Avtec Media. “Peruvian Cuisine ~ New Andean ~ Novoandina – Mixtura Restaurant:: The New Andean Cuisine:: Kirkland, Washington: Latin Spanish Peruvian Restaurants”. Mixtura.biz. Archived from the original on 11 January 2008. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
- ^ “Lima Offers Both Luxury And Local Life Experiences”. Jupiter Magazine. 28 December 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
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- ^ “Lima, Peru|dwell.com”. 26 February 2009.
- ^ Segreda, Ricardo; Minster, Crit; Newton, Paula (2009). V!VA Travel Guides: Peru. Viva Publishing Network. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-9791264-3-7.
- ^ “Articles: Colonial Lima according to Jorge Juan and Antonio de Ulloa”. Historical Text Archive. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
- ^ Kokotovic, Misha (2007). The Colonial Divide in Peruvian Narrative. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-84519-184-9 – via Google Books.
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- ^ 101 Reasons to be proud of Peru (PDF). Lima: Peru Experience. 2008. ISBN 978-603-45260-1-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 November 2018. Retrieved 10 October 2009.
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3.2 来源文献 | Works cited
- Andrien, Kenneth J. (1985). Crisis and Decline: The Viceroyalty of Peru in the Seventeenth Century. University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 978-0-8263-0791-0.
- Anna, Timothy E. (1979). The Fall of the Royal Government in Peru. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-1004-2.
- Conlee, Christina; Dulanto, Jalh; Mackay, Carol; Stanish, Charles (2004). “Late Prehispanic sociopolitical complexity”. In Silverman, Helaine (ed.). Andean archaeology. Malden: Blackwell. pp. 209–236. ISBN 0-631-23400-4.
- Dietz, Henry A. (1 January 1980). Poverty and Problem-Solving Under Military Rule: The Urban Poor in Lima, Peru. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-76460-6.
- Hemming, John (1 January 1970). The Conquest of the Incas. Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich. ISBN 978-0-15-122560-6.
- Higgins, James (January 2005). Lima: A Cultural History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-517891-3.
- Klarén, Peter F. (2000). Peru: Society and Nationhood in the Andes. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-506928-0.
- Ramón, Gabriel (2002). “The script of urban surgery: Lima, 1850–1940”. In Marte, Arturo Almandoz (ed.). Planning Latin America’s Capital Cities, 1850-1950. Psychology Press. pp. 170–192. ISBN 978-0-415-27265-0.
- Walker, Charles (2003). “The Upper Classes and Their Upper Stories: Architecture and the Aftermath of the Lima Earthquake of 1746”. Hispanic American Historical Review. 83 (1): 53–82. doi:10.1215/00182168-83-1-53. S2CID 144925044. Retrieved 3 July 2016.
4. 中文词条参考资料
- ^ Citypopulation.de Lima related information. [2007-11-14]. (原始内容存档于2013-04-12).
- ^ www.emporis.com population charts. [2007-11-14]. (原始内容存档于2012-02-29).
- ^ El origen del nombre de nuestra capital [The origin of the name of our capital]. Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. 22 April 2012 [18 June 2020]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-08) (西班牙语).
- ^ 《读上瘾》:邓达智:《千年客家》,《J2》, 2014-03-13。
- ^ 跳转到:5.0 5.1 Conlee et al. 2004,第218页.
- ^ Klarén2000,第39页.
- ^ 跳转到:7.0 7.1 Hemming 1970,第203–206页.
- ^ 跳转到:8.0 8.1 Andrien 1985,第11–13页.
- ^ Anna 1979,第23–24页.
- ^ Ramón 2002,第180–182页.
- ^ 20th Century Earthquakes: Records about Historical Earthquakes in Peru. Lima Easy: The Lima Guide. [4 March 2014]. (原始内容存档于10 November 2014).
- ^ 300 Die in Lima Earthquake. The Advertiser (Adelaide, Australia). Trove. [4 March 2014].
- ^ Lima Metropolitana perfil socio-demográfico. Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. [12 August 2007]. (原始内容存档于2007-08-13) (西班牙语).
- ^ Baily, Samuel L; Míguez, Eduardo José. Latin America Since 1930. 2003 [17 April 2010]. ISBN 978-0-8420-2831-8 –通过Google Books.
- ^ The Institute of International Education (IIE). IIEPassport.org. [17 April 2010]. (原始内容存档于9 June 2008).
- ^ :: Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission, R.O.C. ::. Ocac.gov.tw. 24 August 2004 [10 October 2009]. (原始内容存档于2004-11-25).
- ^ 中东王子. 「恥辱圍牆」阻隔窮人!好野人:只是用來隔開鄰居呀. ETtoday新闻云. 键盘大柠檬. [2020-09-07]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-25).
- ^ Análisis Meteorológico [Meteorological Analysis]. Ministerio del Ambiente Peru. [19 August 2021]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-08) (西班牙语).
- ^ World Weather Information Service – Lima. World Meteorological Organization. [15 May 2012]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26).
- ^ Capel Molina, José J. Lima, un clima de desierto litoral (PDF). Anales de Geografía de la Universidad Complutense (Madrid: Universidad Complutense de Madrid). 1999, 19: 25–45 [September 17, 2013]. ISSN 0211-9803. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-06-29) (西班牙语).
- ^ Corte Superior de Justicia de Lima [Superior Court of Lima]. Judicial Power of Peru. [3 December 2008]. (原始内容存档于11 December 2008) (西班牙语).
- ^ Infoplease. Lima (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Retrieved 8 December 2008.
- ^ Study Abroad Peru. Study Abroad Domain. [8 July 2009]. (原始内容存档于2008-11-21).
- ^ Port Commerce. Port of Callao. World Port Source. [13 January 2013]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-19).
- ^ República del Perú evaluación de la gobernabilidad democrática [Republic of Peru evaluation of democratic governance]. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo: 24. 2007 [2021-08-25]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-03-19) (西班牙语).
- ^ Marmon, Johanna. Colonial masterpiece: many who visit Peru come for the journey to ancient Macchu Picchu. But the former colonial—and current day—capital city of Lima is an architectural and gastronomic wonderland. South Florida CEO. 1 December 2003 [13 January 2013]. (原始内容存档于10 November 2012).
- ^ Web Design by Avtec Media. Peruvian Cuisine ~ New Andean ~ Novoandina – Mixtura Restaurant:: The New Andean Cuisine:: Kirkland, Washington: Latin Spanish Peruvian Restaurants. Mixtura.biz. [8 July 2009]. (原始内容存档于2008-01-11).
- ^ Lima Offers Both Luxury And Local Life Experiences. Jupiter Magazine. [2019-08-12]. (原始内容存档于2020-05-04) (英语).
- ^ Kokotovic, Misha. The Colonial Divide in Peruvian Narrative. 2007 [17 April 2010]. ISBN 978-1-84519-184-9 –通过Google Books.
- ^ 101 Reasons to be proud of Peru (PDF). Lima: Peru Experience. 2008 [10 October 2009]. ISBN 978-603-45260-1-3. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于18 November 2018).
- ^ World Heritage Centre – World Heritage List. UNESCO. [8 July 2009]. (原始内容存档于2018-11-03).
- ^ Lima – Peru. VirtualPeru.Net. [8 July 2009]. (原始内容存档于9 April 2009).
- ^ in. In-lan.com. [8 July 2009]. (原始内容存档于7 January 2009).
- ^ 10 YEARS LATER: THE CITIES IN LATIN AMERICA & THE CARIBBEAN TAKING CROSS BORDER TRAVEL TO NEW LEVELS. MasterCard Social Newsroom. [25 March 2020]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-08).
- ^ LIMA – Churches in the Historical Centre of Lima Perú. Enjoyperu.com. [8 July 2009]. (原始内容存档于26 April 2009).
5. 延伸阅读 | Further reading
5.1 概览 | General
- Nota etimológica: El topónimo Lima, Rodolfo Cerrón-Palomino, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
- Lima Monumento Histórico, Margarita Cubillas Soriano, Lima, 1996
5.2 历史 | History
- Higgins, James (editor). The Emancipation of Peru: British Eyewitness Accounts, 2014. Online at Jhemanperu
- Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. Lima Metropolitana perfil socio-demográfico. Lima: INEI, 1996. (in Spanish)
5.3 人口 | Demographics
- Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática, Perfil Sociodemográfico del Perú. Lima: INEI, 2008. (in Spanish)
- United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Urban Agglomerations 2007. New York (June 2008).
- INEI (Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática) (2023). “Situación de la Población Peruana: Una mirada hacia los jóvenes 2023” (PDF). Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática). Retrieved 7 July 2023.
6. 外部链接 | External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lima (category) / 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:利马(分类)
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Lima.【维基导游有利马的旅游指南。】
- Municipality of Lima (Archived 20 April 1999 at the Wayback Machine) (in Spanish)
- 1.40 gigapixel image of Lima
- Lima travel guide from Wikivoyage
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