国民联盟（法国）/ National Rally – 中英文维基百科词条融合

中文词条原文链接（无法从中国内地访问）：请点击这里访问
英文词条原文连接（无法从中国内地访问）：请点击这里访问
本文基于英文词条的线索，并补充部分来自中文词条的内容（在二者冲突时，以更晚更新者为准）。

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1. 正文（发布于知乎专栏）

第一部分（概述、成立背景、早年历史、老勒庞时期）请点击这里访问

第二部分（小勒庞时期、巴尔代拉时期、意识形态）请点击这里访问

第三部分（争议、组织、选举结果）请点击这里访问

2. 维基百科的相关词条 | See also

• Neo-nationalism【新民族主义】
• The Radical Right in Western Europe【西欧的极端右翼】
• Radical right (Europe)【极端右翼（欧洲）】

3. 英文词条参考文献 | References

1. ^ Gatehouse, Gabriel (5 December 2015). “Vive la difference – has France’s Front National changed?”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 17 July 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
2. ^ Corbet, Sylvie (3 July 2024). “Renowned Nazi hunter in France advises Jews to choose far right over far left in elections”. AP News. The Associated Press. Archived from the original on 3 July 2024. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
3. ^ Kirby, Paul (30 June 2024). “The rise and rise of France’s far right”. BBC News. BBC. Archived from the original on 8 July 2024. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
4. ^ “Le RN affirmé avoir 100,000 adhérents”. 1 July 2024.
5. ^
   • Jens Rydgren (2008). “France: The Front National, Ethnonationalism and Populism”. Twenty-First Century Populism. Link.springer.com. pp. 166–180. doi:10.1057/9780230592100_11. ISBN 978-1-349-28476-4.
   • “‘The nation state is back’: Front National’s Marine Le Pen rides on global mood”. The Guardian. 18 September 2016.
   • “Marine Le Pen says sanctions on Russia are not working”. The Economist.
6. ^
   • “Depuis 2011, le FN est devenu “protectionniste au sens large””. Liberation. 21 April 2014. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
   • Taylor, Adam (8 January 2015). “French far-right leader seeks to reintroduce death penalty after Charlie Hebdo attack”. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
7. ^ Abridged list of reliable sources that refer to the National Rally as far-right:
   • Academic:
     • Azéma, Jean-Pierre; Winock, Michel (1994). Histoire de l’extrême droite en France. Éditions du Seuil. ISBN 9782020232005.
     • Camus & Lebourg 2017
     • DeClair 1999
     • Hobolt, Sara; De Vries, Catherine (16 June 2020). Political Entrepreneurs: The Rise of Challenger Parties in Europe. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691194752.
     • Joly, Bertrand (2008). Nationalistes et Conservateurs en France, 1885–1902. Les Indes Savantes.
     • Kitschelt, Herbert; McGann, Anthony (1995). The radical right in Western Europe: a comparative analysis. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. pp. 91–120. ISBN 0472106635.
     • McGann, Anthony; Kitschelt, Herbert (1997). The Radical Right in Western Europe A Comparative Analysis. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 9780472084418.
     • Mayer, Nonna (January 2013). “From Jean-Marie to Marine Le Pen: Electoral Change on the Far Right”. Parliamentary Affairs. 66 (1): 160–178. doi:10.1093/pa/gss071.
     • Messina, Anthony (2015). “The political and policy impacts of extreme right parties in time and context”. Ethnic and Racial Studies. 38 (8): 1355–1361. doi:10.1080/01419870.2015.1016071. S2CID 143522149.
     • Mondon, Aurelien (2015). “The French secular hypocrisy: the extreme right, the Republic and the battle for hegemony”. Patterns of Prejudice. ’49 (4): 392–413. doi:10.1080/0031322X.2015.1069063. S2CID 146600042.
     • Mudde, Cas (25 October 2019). The Far Right Today and The ideology of the extreme right. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1509536856.
     • Rydgren, Jens (2008). France: The Front National, Ethnonationalism and Populism. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781349284764.
     • Shields 2007
     • Simmons, Harvey G. (1996). The French National Front: The Extremist Challenge To Democracy. Westview Press. ISBN 978-0813389790.
     • Williams, Michelle Hale (January 2011). “A new era for French far right politics? Comparing the FN under two Le Pens and The Impact of Radical Right-Wing Parties in West European Democracies”. Análise Social. 201 (1): 679–695.
   • News:
     • “Victory for France’s conservatives in local elections”. Deutsche Welle. AP, AFP, Reuters. 30 March 2015. Archived from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
     • Bamat, Joseph (23 April 2011). “New poll shows far right could squeeze out Sarkozy”. France 24. Archived from the original on 27 April 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
     • Dodman, Benjamin (23 November 2014). “France’s cash-strapped far right turns to Russian lender”. France24. Archived from the original on 29 January 2015.
     • Erlanger, Steven; de Freytas-Tamura, Kimiko (17 December 2016). “E.U. Faces Its Next Big Test as France’s Election Looms”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 March 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
     • Frosch, Jon (7 March 2011). “Far-right’s Marine Le Pen leads in shock new poll”. France 24. Archived from the original on 10 March 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
     • Lichfield, John (1 March 2015). “Rise of the French far right: Front National party could make sweeping gains at this month’s local elections”. The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
     • Meichtry, Stacy; Bisserbe, Noemie (19 August 2015). “Le Pen Family Drama Splits France’s Far Right National Front Party”. The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
     • Polakow-Suransky, Sasha. “The ruthlessly effective rebranding of Europe’s new far right”. The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 July 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
     • Tourret, Nathalie (14 August 2010). “Japanese and European far right gathers in Tokyo”. France 24. Archived from the original on 15 February 2011. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
     • Van, Sonia (29 July 2011). “France – A Guide to Europe’s Right-Wing Parties and Extremist Groups”. Time. Archived from the original on 27 February 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
8. ^ Garnier, Christophe-Cécil (7 December 2015). “Quelle doit être la couleur du Front national sur les cartes électorales?” (in French). Slate. Archived from the original on 14 June 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
9. ^ Ivaldi, Gilles (18 May 2016). “A new course for the French radical right? The Front National and “de-demonisation””. In Akkerman, Tjitske; de Lange, Sarah L.; Rooduijn, Matthijs (eds.). Radical Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe: Into the Mainstream?. Routledge. p. 225. ISBN 978-1-317-41978-5. Archived from the original on 26 September 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
10. ^ Forchtner, Bernhard (September 2019). “Climate change and the far right”. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change. 10 (5): e604. Bibcode:2019WIRCC..10E.604F. doi:10.1002/wcc.604. S2CID 202196807.
11. ^ Forchtner, Bernhard (2020). The Far Right and the Environment: Politics, Discourse and Communication. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-10402-9. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
12. ^ ^[9][10][11]
13. ^ Ivaldi, Gilles (18 April 2016). “Le Front national français dans l’espace des droites radicales européennes”. Pouvoirs (157): 115–126. doi:10.3917/pouv.157.0115. le mouvement lepéniste peut être à juste titre considéré comme le modèle prototypique de la « nouvelle » droite radicale populiste paneuropéenne, variante contemporaine de l’extrême droite traditionnelle
14. ^ Davies 2012, pp. 46–55.
15. ^ “22 MESURES POUR 2022 (22 measures for 2022)”. Rassemblement National. 2022. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
16. ^ Lebourg, Nicolas; Preda, Jonathan (15 May 2013). “Ordre Nouveau, fin des illusions droitières et matrice activiste du premier Front national” [New Order, end of illusions and the activist matrix of the first National Front]. Studia Historica. Historia Contemporánea. 30: 205–230. Sa “mémoire” se structure autour de deux motifs: la violence de masse, et l’intégration de l’extrême droite au jeu politique avec la création par Ordre Nouveau du Front National en 1972.
17. ^ Shields 2007, p. 229.
18. ^ DeClair 1999, pp. 46, 56 and 71.
19. ^ “Marine Le Pen temporarily steps down as Front National leader to concentrate on presidential bid”. The Independent. Archived from the original on 6 September 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
20. ^ “France’s far right replaces Le Pen with Jordan Bardella – DW – 11/05/2022”. dw.com. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
21. ^ “National Rally”. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
22. ^ Softening image:
    • “The French National Front: On its way to power?”. Policy-network.net. 22 January 2015. Archived from the original on 15 February 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
    
    Devil of the Republic:
    • Craw, Victoria (23 January 2015). “Marine Le Pen National Front leader | Who is Marine Le Pen?”. News.com.au. Archived from the original on 23 January 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
    
    Holocaust denial:
    • “Jean-Marie Le Pen fined again for dismissing Holocaust as ‘detail'”. theguardian. 6 April 2016. Archived from the original on 23 March 2021. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
    
    Islamophobia:
    • “Jean-Marie Le Pen condamné pour incitation à la haine raciale”. Le Monde.fr. lemonde.fr. 24 February 2005. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
23. ^ Jean-Marie suspension and expulsion:
    • “France National Front: Jean-Marie Le Pen suspended”. BBC News. 4 May 2015. Archived from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
    • “Jean-Marie Le Pen, exclu du Front national, fera “bien évidemment” un recours en justice”. L’Express. 20 August 2015. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
24. ^ “Local elections confirm a quarter of French voters support Front National”. openeurope.org.uk. 23 March 2015. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
25. ^ John Lichfield (1 March 2015). “Rise of the French far right: Front National party could make sweeping gains at this month’s local elections”. The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
26. ^ “France – Poll gives France’s far-right National Front party boost ahead of regional vote”. France24.com. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
27. ^ Vinocur, Nicholas (12 February 2024). “How Marine Le Pen turned respectable (and why you shouldn’t be fooled)”. POLITICO. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
    • Cohen, Dinah (22 September 2023). “Sénatoriales : le Conseil d’État juge que l’étiquette «extrême droite» doit s’appliquer aux candidats RN”. Le Figaro (in French).
28. ^ “Marine Le Pen propose de renommer le FN ” Rassemblement national “”. Le Monde. 11 March 2018. Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
29. ^ “Marine Le Pen annonce que le Front national devient Rassemblement national”. Le Monde. 1 June 2018. Archived from the original on 1 June 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
30. ^ Barbière, Cécile (16 April 2019). “Le Pen’s Rassemblement National revises stance towards EU and the euro”. euractiv.com. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
31. ^ “Après l’euro et le Frexit, nouveau revirement européen de Marine Le Pen”. Le HuffPost (in French). 29 January 2021. Archived from the original on 21 February 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
32. ^ “Marine Le Pen n’envisage plus de suspendre les accords de Schengen”. 20minutes.fr (in French). 12 February 2020. Archived from the original on 19 February 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
33. ^ “Left-wing surge thwarts far right in French election”. www.ft.com. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
34. ^ Davies 2012, pp. 31–35.
35. ^ DeClair 1999, pp. 21–24.
36. ^ DeClair 1999, pp. 25–27.
37. ^ DeClair 1999, pp. 27–31.
38. ^ DeClair 1999, pp. 13–17.
39. ^ Day, Alan John (2002). Political parties of the world. University of Michigan. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-9536278-7-5.
40. ^ Shields 2007, pp. 163–164.
41. ^ DeClair 1999, pp. 36 f.
42. ^ Shields 2007, p. 169.
43. ^ Shields 2007, pp. 159, 169.
44. ^ DeClair 1999, pp. 31, 36–37.
45. ^ Kitschelt & McGann 1997, p. 94.
46. ^ DeClair 1999, p. 13.
47. ^ De Boissieu, Laurent. “Chronologie du Front National FN”. France Politique. ISSN 1765-2898. Archived from the original on 31 August 2019. Retrieved 31 August 2019.
48. ^ DeClair 1999, pp. 38 f.
49. ^ Shields 2007, p. 170.
50. ^ Shields 2007, p. 171.
51. ^ DeClair 1999, p. 39.
52. ^ Shields 2007, pp. 173 f.
53. ^ Shields 2007, pp. 174 f.
54. ^ Shields 2007, p. 175.
55. ^ Shields 2007, p. 176 f.
56. ^Shields 2007, p. 183.
57. ^ Shields 2007, pp. 177, 185.
58. ^ Shields 2007, p. 177.
59. ^ DeClair 1999, p. 41.
60. ^ Shields 2007, p. 178 f.
61. ^ Shields 2007, p. 180–184.
62. ^ Camus & Lebourg 2017, p. 121.
63. ^ Shields 2007, pp. 181, 184.
64. ^ Camus & Lebourg 2017, p. 106.
65. ^ Shields 2007, pp. 179–180, 185–187.
66. ^ DeClair 1999, p. 43.
67. ^ Shields 2007, p. 181 f.
68. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Shields 2007, p. 182.
69. ^ Shields 2007, pp. 182, 198.
70. ^ Shields 2007, p. 182 f.
71. ^ White, John Kenneth (1998). Political parties and the collapse of the old orders. SUNY. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-7914-4067-4.
72. ^ Birch, Jonah (19 August 2015). “The Many Lives of François Mitterrand”. Jacobin. Archived from the original on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
73. ^ Kitschelt & McGann 1997, pp. 95–98.
74. ^ Shields 2007, p. 195.
75. ^ DeClair 1999, p. 60.
76. ^ Shields 2007, p. 196.
77. ^ DeClair 1999, p. 61.
78. ^ Kitschelt & McGann 1997, p. 100.
79. ^ DeClair 1999, p. 76.
80. ^ DeClair 1999, p. 62.
81. ^ DeClair 1999, p. 63.
82. ^ Shields 2007, p. 194.
83. ^ Shields 2007, p. 230.
84. ^ Shields 2007, p. 197.
85. ^ Shields 2007, p. 209.
86. ^ DeClair 1999, pp. 66.
87. ^ DeClair 1999, pp. 64–66.
88. ^ Shields 2007, p. 216.
89. ^ DeClair 1999, p. 80.
90. ^ Fabre, Clarisse (4 May 2002). “Entre 1986 et 1988, les députés FN voulaient rétablir la peine de mort et instaurer la préférence nationale” (In French). Archived from the original on 12 December 2016. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
91. ^ Shields 2007, p. 217.
92. ^ Shields 2007, p. 219.
93. ^ DeClair 1999, p. 68.
94. ^ Shields 2007, p. 224.
95. ^ DeClair 1999, p. 70.
96. ^ Shields 2007, p. 227.
97. ^ Shields 2007, pp. 223 f.
98. ^ DeClair 1999, pp. 89.
99. ^ DeClair 1999, p. 90.
100. ^ Shields 2007, p. 233.
101. ^ Shields 2007, p. 234.
102. ^ Shields 2007, pp. 235–237.
103. ^ Shields 2007, p. 237.
104. ^ Shields 2007, pp. 236 f.
105. ^ DeClair 1999, p. 93.
106. ^ Shields 2007, pp. 247–249.
107. ^ DeClair 1999, pp. 94 f.
108. ^ Shields 2007, p. 252.
109. ^ Shields 2007, p. 261.
110. ^ Shields 2007, pp. 260 f.
111. ^ Shields 2007, pp. 262 f.
112. ^ Shields 2007, p. 263.
113. ^ DeClair 1999, p. 101.
114. ^ Shields 2007, p. 264.
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116. ^ DeClair 1999, p. 103.
117. ^ “Archives”. Archives.lesoir.be. Archived from the original on 28 December 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
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119. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Shields 2007, p. 275.
120. ^ Shields 2007, p. 276.
121. ^ Shields 2007, pp. 271 f.
122. ^ Shields 2007, pp. 277–279.
123. ^ Shields 2007, p. 279.
124. ^ McLean, Iain; McMillan, Alistair (2009). “National Front (France)”. The concise Oxford dictionary of politics. Oxford University. p. 356. ISBN 978-0-19-920516-5. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
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139. ^ Shields 2007, p. 300.
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351. ^ “Le Pen questions EU-level alliance with AfD, spelling trouble for ID unity”. Euractiv. 26 January 2024.
352. ^ “Mayotte: Marine Le Pen «fâchée» contre l’AfD qui s’interroge sur l’appartenance de l’île à la France”. Le Figaro. 20 April 2024.
353. ^ “Parlement européen : le RN rompt avec ses alliés allemands de l’AfD après des déclarations sur les SS”. Liberation. 21 May 2024.
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355. ^ “Diaspora Affairs Minister Chikli Stands by Praise for France’s Le Pen – Exclusive”. The Media Line. 7 October 2024.
356. ^ Shields 2007, p. 319.
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3.2 来源文献 | Sources

• Camus, Jean-Yves; Lebourg, Nicolas (2017). Far-Right Politics in Europe. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674971530.
• Davies, Peter (2012). The National Front in France: Ideology, Discourse and Power. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-72530-4.
• DeClair, Edward G. (1999). Politics on the Fringe: The People, Policies, and Organization of the French National Front. Duke University. ISBN 978-0-8223-2139-2.
• Kitschelt, Herbert; McGann, Anthony J. (1997). “France: The National Front As Prototype of the New Radical Right”. The Radical Right in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis. University of Michigan. pp. 91–120. ISBN 978-0-472-08441-8.
• Shields, James (2007). The Extreme Right in France: From Pétain to Le Pen. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-37200-8.

4. 中文词条参考文献

1. ^ Vive la difference – has France’s Front National changed?. BBC News. 5 December 2015 [21 June 2018]. （原始内容存档于17 July 2018）.
2. ^ Lignier, Sebastien. Le Rassemblement national bat son record d’adhésions. Valeurs actuelles. 22 June 2023 [4 August 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-03） （fr-FR）.
3. ^
   • Jens Rydgren. France: The Front National, Ethnonationalism and Populism. Twenty-First Century Populism. Link.springer.com. 2008: 166–180. ISBN 978-1-349-28476-4. doi:10.1057/9780230592100_11.
   • ‘The nation state is back’: Front National’s Marine Le Pen rides on global mood. the Guardian. 18 September 2016 [2023-10-11]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-28） （英语）.
   • Marine Le Pen says sanctions on Russia are not working. The Economist. [2023-10-11]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-02）.
4. ^
   • Depuis 2011, le FN est devenu “protectionniste au sens large”. Liberation. 21 April 2014 [9 August 2014]. （原始内容存档于27 September 2015）.
   • Taylor, Adam. French far-right leader seeks to reintroduce death penalty after Charlie Hebdo attack. The Washington Post. 8 January 2015 [31 March 2015]. （原始内容存档于7 July 2015）.
5. ^ Garnier, Christophe-Cécil. Quelle doit être la couleur du Front national sur les cartes électorales?. Slate. 7 December 2015 [6 May 2018]. （原始内容存档于14 June 2018） （法语）.
6. ^ Can Le Pen win French election?. London: BBC News. 2007-01-08 [2010-03-25]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-05）.
7. ^ CNN Specials – The Haider Effect. CNN. [2011-03-06]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-18）.
8. ^ Hainsworth, Paul. 2000. “The Front National: From Ascendancy to Fragmentation on the French Extreme Right.” In The Politics of the Extreme Right, ed. Paul Hainsworth, 18-31. London: Pinter.
9. ^ Analysis: Far-right lives to fight again. London: BBC News. 2002-05-05 [2010-03-25]. （原始内容存档于2018-09-04）.
10. ^ Jean-Marie Le Pen renvoyé devant la justice pour ses propos sur l’Occupation. Le Monde. 2006-07-13 [2011-03-06]. （原始内容存档于2006-07-20）.
11. ^ IRR: Issues in the French presidential elections. [2011-04-23]. （原始内容存档于2005-12-02）.
12. ^ Davies, Peter (2002). The Extreme Right in France, 1789 to the Present. London: Routledge. pp136.
13. ^ Notre siècle, 1988, Fayard
14. ^ Marcus, Jonathan (1995). The National Front and French Politics. New York: New York University Press. pp.102-103
15. ^ Davies, Peter (2002). The Extreme Right in France. p143.
16. ^ Marcus, Jonathan (1995). The National Front and French Politics. pp.12-26
17. ^ Nonna Mayer, Mariette Sineau, “France:The Front National （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）” in Helga Amsberger, Rechtsextreme Parteien, Leverkusen, Leske & Budrich, 2002, on the website of Sciences-Po (p.4) （英文）
18. ^ Interview of Pierre-André Taguieff by Valérie Igounet, Paris, 2 avril 1993, quoted by Valérie Igounet, in Histoire du négationnisme en France, Le Seuil, 2000.
19. ^ Henry Rousso, “Les habits neufs du négationniste,” in L’Histoire n°318, March 2007, pp.26-28 （法文）
20. ^ Le Point n°1546, 22 January 2007 Le Pen et ses fantômes （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
21. ^ Marcus, Jonathan (1995). The National Front and French Politics. pp.35-39
22. ^ 存档副本. [2014-07-02]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-14）.
23. ^ Shields 2007，第261页.
24. ^ FN （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） on http://www.election-politique.com （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） （法文）
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26. ^ France: Elections 1990–2010. European Election Database. [6 September 2011]. （原始内容存档于24 February 2017）.
27. ^ Résultat des élections Régionales 1998. 法国内政部. [19 November 2021]. （原始内容存档于7 November 2021） （法语）.
28. ^ Résultat des élections Régionales 2004. 法国内政部. [19 November 2021]. （原始内容存档于7 November 2021） （法语）.
29. ^ Résultat des élections Régionales 2010. 法国内政部. [19 November 2021]. （原始内容存档于7 November 2021） （法语）.
30. ^ Résultat des élections Régionales 2015. 法国内政部. [19 November 2021]. （原始内容存档于7 November 2021） （法语）.
31. ^ Résultat des élections Régionales 2021. 法国内政部. [6 September 2011]. （原始内容存档于7 November 2021） （法语）.
32. ^ Résultats de l’élection présidentielle 2017. Elections.bfmtv.com. [2022-02-27]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-02）.
33. ^ Mes démarches / A votre service – Ministère de l’Intérieur. Elections.interieur.gouv.fr. [31 March 2015]. （原始内容存档于29 May 2014） （法语）.

4.2 来源文献

• Camus, Jean-Yves; Lebourg, Nicolas. Far-Right Politics in Europe. Harvard University Press. 2017. ISBN 9780674971530.
• Davies, Peter. The National Front in France: Ideology, Discourse and Power. Routledge. 2012. ISBN 978-1-134-72530-4.
• DeClair, Edward G. Politics on the Fringe: The People, Policies, and Organization of the French National Front. Duke University. 1999. ISBN 978-0-8223-2139-2.
• Kitschelt, Herbert; McGann, Anthony J. France: The National Front As Prototype of the New Radical Right. The Radical Right in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis. University of Michigan. 1997: 91–120. ISBN 978-0-472-08441-8.
• Shields, James. The Extreme Right in France: From Pétain to Le Pen. Routledge. 2007. ISBN 978-0-415-37200-8.

5. 延伸阅读 | Further reading

• Beauzamy, Brigitte (2013). “Explaining the Rise of the Front National to Electoral Prominence: Multi-Faceted or Contradictory Models?”. Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse. London/New York: Bloomsbury. pp. 177–190. ISBN 978-1-78093-343-6.
• Davies, Peter (1999). The National Front in France: Ideology, Discourse and Power. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-15866-4.
• Hainsworth, Paul (2012). “The Extreme Right in France: From Pétain to Le Pen”. Modern & Contemporary France. 20 (3): 392. doi:10.1080/09639489.2012.691290. S2CID 145348163.
• Joly, Bertrand (2008). Nationalistes et Conservateurs en France, 1885–1902 (in French). Les Indes Savantes.
• Mayer, Nonna (2013). “From Jean-Marie to Marine Le Pen: Electoral Change on the Far Right”. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
• Russo, Luana (2014). “France: The historic victory of the Front National” (PDF). In De Sio L.; Emanuele V.; Maggini N. (eds.). The European Parliament Elections of 2014. Rome: CISE. pp. 181–188. ISBN 978-88-98012-15-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 October 2014. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
• Shields, James (2013). “Marine Le Pen and the ‘New’ FN: A Change of Style or of Substance?”. Parliamentary Affairs. 66 (1): 179–196. doi:10.1093/pa/gss076.
• Simmons, Harvey G. (1996). The French National Front: The Extremist Challenge To Democracy. Westview Press. ISBN 978-0813389790.
• Winock, Michel (1993). Histoire de l’extrême droite en France (in French).

6. 外部链接 | External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rassemblement National.

• Official website  (in French)
• FNinfos, the official website of National Front activists Archived 7 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine
• Nations Presse Info, an information Website near the National Front
• Has Marine Le Pen made France’s Front National respectable? RFI English
• Marine Le Pen’s Protectionist Economics and Social Conservatism