弗拉芒利益党 / Vlaams Belang – 中英文维基百科词条融合

By cathayvista区域：欧洲西部（不含独联体国家）, 政党

中文词条原文链接（无法从中国内地访问）：请点击这里访问
英文词条原文连接（无法从中国内地访问）：请点击这里访问
本文基于英文词条的线索，并补充部分来自中文词条的内容（在二者冲突时，以更晚更新者为准）。

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1. 正文（发布于知乎专栏）

第一部分（概述、历史）请点击这里访问

第二部分（剩余部分）请点击这里访问

2. 英文词条参考文献 | References

2.1 引用列表（与文中标号对应）

  1. ^ “Vlaams Belang ziet ledenaantal stevig stijgen”. hln.be (in Dutch). 18 June 2021..
  2. ^ Joe Painter; Alex Jeffery (6 February 2009). Political Geography. p. 145. ISBN 978-1-4462-0350-7.
  3. ^ “Shaken Dutch lawmaker Wilders says no more Prophet cartoons, for now”. Reuters. 8 September 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2022. Dutch far-right politician Geert Wilders visits a local market in Antwerp, Belgium, with members of the Flemish right-wing Vlaams Belang party ahead of Belgian local elections
  4. ^ Moens, Barbara (17 January 2022). “Belgium’s regions face off over EU debt rules”. Politico EU. Retrieved 6 April 2022. An especially hot topic are the budget transfers from Flanders to Brussels and Wallonia — long the target of Flemish nationalist parties such as N-VA and the right-wing Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest).
  5. ^ Nielsen, Nikolaj (7 June 2012). “Flemish nationalist offers anti-burqa reward”. EUobserver. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  6. ^ [2][3][4][5]
  7. ^ Art, David (2011). Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe. Cambridge University Press.
  8. ^ Laible, Janet (2010). ‘Back to the Future’ with Vlaams Belang? Flemish Nationalism as a Modernizing Project in a Post-Modern European Union. Lexington Books. pp. 136, 142.
  9. ^ Leman, Johan (2012). ‘Flemish Interest’ (VB) and Islamophobia: Political, legal and judicial dealings. Campus Verlag. pp. 69–90.
  10. ^ Vogt, Roland (2014). Belgium: A Nation-State without a National Identity?. Transaction. p. 14.
  11. ^ “Krantencommentaren over paradox van 26 May: ‘Twintig jaar na de dioxinecrisis botst opnieuw politieke generatie op haar limieten'”. De Standaard. 27 May 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2019.
  12. ^ “”Het signaal? Het was gewoon niet goed genoeg””. Het Nieuwsblad. 27 May 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2019.
  13. ^ “Vlaams Belang is terug, samen met de discussie over cordon, schrijven de kranten”. Het Nieuwsblad. 27 May 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2019.
  14. ^ “Overzicht van een bewogen verkiezingsdag: Vlaams Belang grote winnaar, Zweedse partijen likken wonden”. De Morgen. 27 May 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2019.
  15. ^ “Belgium agrees on government, 16 months after election”. Deutsche Welle. 30 September 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2022. The extreme right-wing Vlaams Belang, which got 12% in the last elections, is also not represented.
  16. ^ [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]
  17. ^ Wingfield, George (2008). Belgium. Infobase Publishing. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-7910-9670-3.
  18. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019). “Flanders/Belgium”. Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 2019-05-30.
  19. ^ Hans-Jürgen Bieling (2015). “Uneven development and ‘European crisis constitutionalism’, or the reasons for and conditions of a ‘passive revolution in trouble'”. In Johannes Jäger; Elisabeth Springler (eds.). Asymmetric Crisis in Europe and Possible Futures: Critical Political Economy and Post-Keynesian Perspectives. Routledge. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-317-65298-4.
  20. ^ “Inside the far right’s Flemish victory”. POLITICO. 27 May 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  21. ^ “Beginselverklaring”. Vlaams Belang (in Dutch). Retrieved 2024-07-02.
  22. ^ “From Vlaams Blok to Vlaams Belang: The Belgian Far-Right Renames Itself” (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2011-03-05.
  23. ^ Thompson, Wayne C. (2008). Western Europe 2008. Stryker Post Pubns. p. 201. ISBN 978-1-887985-98-7.
  24. ^ “Belgium’s far-right not ruled out of potential coalition”. The Brussels Times. 27 May 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
  25. ^ “Flemish nationalists to retain lead in Belgian parliament, far right gains”. Reuters. 27 May 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
  26. ^ De Winter, 2004, p. 2.
  27. ^ Liang, 2007, p. 98.
  28. ^ De Winter, 2004, p. 6.
  29. ^ Coffé, 2005, p. 205.
  30. ^ Mudde, 2003, p. 100.
  31. ^ Belgium’s far right party in Holocaust controversy, The Guardian, Friday, March 9, 2001.
  32. ^ Totten, Michael (22 November 2004). “Belgians Waffle? A Ban to Worry About”. TCS Daily. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011.
  33. ^ “Blok versus Liga: geen proces over bevoegdheid beroepshof”. Het Belang van Limburg (in Dutch). 6 September 2002. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
  34. ^ Van den Wyngaert, C. (2006). “Strafrecht, strafprocesrecht en internationaal strafrecht”. Maklu. pp. 161–162. ISBN 978-90-466-0065-8.
  35. ^ Coffé, 2005, p. 216.
  36. ^ Roxburgh, Angus (9 November 2004). “Blow to Belgium’s far right”. BBC News. Brussels. Retrieved 8 January 2010.
  37. ^ Erik, 2005, p. 493.
  38. ^ Erik, 2005, p. 498.
  39. ^ Raymaekers, Bart (2008). Lectures for the 21st century. Leuven University Press. p. 51. ISBN 978-90-5867-648-1.
  40. ^ “Leterme geeft voorakkoorden toe”. De Standaard (in Dutch). 28 August 2006.
  41. ^ “Poll gain for Belgium’s far right”. BBC News. 9 October 2006. Retrieved 11 January 2011.
  42. ^ Mahony, Honor (9 January 2007). “Far-right group formed in European Parliament”. EUobserver. Brussels. Retrieved 11 January 2011.
  43. ^ “New party chair for Vlaams Belang”. flandersnews.be. 4 March 2008. Archived from the original on 25 September 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2011.
  44. ^ Beesley, Arthur (22 June 2010). “Debt and far-right populism could be a dangerous cocktail”. The Irish Times. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
  45. ^ “Former Vlaams Belang chair leaves politics | Flanders Today”. www.flanderstoday.eu.
  46. ^ “Tom Van Grieken désigné nouveau président du Vlaams Belang”. Le Soir. 19 October 2014.
  47. ^ “Belgian king’s meeting with far-right leader sparks controversy”. the Guardian. May 29, 2019.
  48. ^ “So who won the election?work=vrt”. 15 October 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
  49. ^ “Traditional parties hammered in Belgian local election”. euractiv. 15 October 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
  50. ^ “Global Compact for Migration – A Missed Opportunity for Europe”. theglobalobservatory. 19 December 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
  51. ^ “Far-right surge in triple election shocks Belgium”. Politico. 26 May 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
  52. ^ “Belgium’s ‘Black Sunday’ sees far-right surge, threatens new government crisis”. Euractive. 27 May 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
  53. ^ “Inside the far right’s Flemish victory”. 27 May 2019.
  54. ^ “Belgium’s ‘Black Sunday’ sees far-right surge, threatens new government crisis=Euractive”. 27 May 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
  55. ^ “Het is nu officieel: N-VA, CD&V en Open VLD willen Vlaamse regering vormen met Jan Jambon aan het hoofd” (in Dutch). 12 August 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  56. ^ “Belgium drifts to the right — but not far right”. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  57. ^ Cokelaere, Hanne (2024-10-13). “Belgium’s wanna-be government unscathed in local elections, early results indicate”. POLITICO. Retrieved 2024-10-13.
  58. ^ “Elections 2024: Cordon sanitaire broken for the first time”. Retrieved 2024-10-20.
  59. ^ “‘Cordon sanitaire’ broken for the first time, Vlaams Belang in power in Ranst”. Retrieved 2024-10-20.
  60. ^ “2. The Program: 2.1 Flemish independence”. Vlaams Belang. Archived from the original on 11 November 2011. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
  61. ^ http://www.vlaamsbelangbrasschaat.be/lucsevenhans/defensie.php [permanent dead link]
  62. ^ “STATEMENT OF PRINCIPLE”. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
  63. ^ “How Covid-19 Has Boosted the Radical Populist Right in Belgium”. 27 October 2020.
  64. ^ José M. Magone (19 December 2016). The Statecraft of Consensus Democracies in a Turbulent World: A Comparative Study of Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Switzerland. Taylor & Francis. pp. 213–. ISBN 978-1-315-40784-5.
  65. ^ “Vlaams Belang komt op in Waals-Brabant”. 12 May 2007.
  66. ^ Boeck, Ann De (2020-11-24). “Dries Van Langenhove dweept met omvolkingstheorie: ‘We hebben nog drie jaar'” (in Dutch). Retrieved 2022-09-22.
  67. ^ Ebner, Julie; Davey, Jacob (1 July 2019). “‘The Great Replacement’: The Violent Consequences of Mainstreamed Extremism” (PDF). Institute for Strategic Dialogue. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
  68. ^ “Antwerpen vervreemdt razendsnel: 57% stedelijk basisonderwijs volgt islamlessen”. Vlaams Belang (in Dutch). 2022-06-10. Retrieved 2022-07-14.
  69. ^ “Zwembadterreur is gevolg van omvolking”. Vlaams Belang (in Dutch). 2022-06-24. Retrieved 2022-07-14.
  70. ^ “Stop mass immigration”. vlaamsbelang.org.
  71. ^ Mudde, Cas (2003). The ideology of the extreme right. Manchester University Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-7190-6446-3.
  72. ^ Taylor, Matthew (July 26, 2011). “Breivik sent ‘manifesto’ to 250 UK contacts hours before Norway killings”. The Guardian.
  73. ^ Bilefsky, Dan; Fisher, Ian (October 11, 2006). “Across Europe, Worries on Islam Spread to Center”. The New York Times.
  74. ^ “Belgium Terrorist Attacks Prompt A Renewed Sectarian Debate”. NPR.org.
  75. ^ “Vlaams Belang start campagne tegen islam”. Het Laatste Nieuws (in Dutch). 2015-01-17. Retrieved 2023-10-28.
  76. ^ “”Harde realiteit uit Molenbeek mag niet getoond worden””. Vlaams Belang (in Dutch). 2022-03-22. Retrieved 2022-07-14.
  77. ^ Liphshiz, Cnaan (12 December 2008). “Far-right Belgian party Vlaams Belang says invited to Jerusalem meet”. Haaretz. Retrieved 10 January 2010.
  78. ^ Erik, 2005, p. 495.
  79. ^ Smith, Craig S. (12 February 2005). “Fear of Islamists Drives Growth of Far Right in Belgium”. The New York Times. Antwerp. Retrieved 10 January 2010.
  80. ^ Gutsch, Jochen-Martin (6 January 2011). “Riding the Wave of Islamophobia: The German Geert Wilders”. Der Spiegel. Retrieved 11 January 2011.
  81. ^ “Dewinter ontvangt Israëlische minister Ayoob Kara”. De Morgen (in Dutch). 1 June 2011. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
  82. ^ Yaakov, Yifa. “Deputy minister welcomes far-right MPs, drawing criticism”. Timesofisrael. Retrieved 2020-05-06.
  83. ^ “Netanyahu associate meets with far-right Belgian group”. i24news.tv. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
  84. ^ Bèland, Daniel (2008). Nationalism and Social Policy. Oxford University Press. p. 196. ISBN 978-0-19-954684-8.
  85. ^ “Changing Positions on LGBTQI-Rights by Far-Right Parties in Western Europe”. 2 November 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
  86. ^ “N-VA is ethisch conservatiever dan de rest: “Alle partijen stappen mee in Gay Pride, maar dat is vooral marketing”” (in Dutch). 19 March 2019.
  87. ^ “2. The Program: 2.3 Crime: a strong approach”. Vlaams Belang. Archived from the original on 11 November 2011. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
  88. ^ Belgians’ pride in EU role quells euroscepticism. EUobserver. Published 6 May 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  89. ^ Weyns, Jordy; Bursens, Peter (2022). “Is Euroscepticism Contagious?”. Politics of the Low Countries. 4: 3–26. doi:10.5553/PLC/.000011. S2CID 242152670. Retrieved 2023-06-06.
  90. ^ “program”. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
  91. ^ “A Europe of free nations”. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
  92. ^ “The impact of the Russia–Ukraine War on ties between the Vlaams Belang in Belgium and the Putin regime”. 5 March 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  93. ^ “Tom Van Grieken lashes out at fellow party member: “Walked around drunk in Crimea to make himself interesting””. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  94. ^ “Vlaams Belang verhardt toon over ‘ondoordachte’ sancties tegen Rusland maar worstelt er ook mee”. 24 September 2022.
  95. ^ “Nieuwe militaire steun aan Oekraïne: “Eigen capaciteiten komen in gedrang””. 20 May 2023.
  96. ^ “Vlaams Belang veroordeelt terreuroorlog tegen Israëlische bevolking en eist opschorting samenwerking met Palestijnse gebieden”. Vlaams Belang. 7 October 2023.
  97. ^ “Belgian Left’s stance calls for ‘Palestine without Jews,’ says Interest Party leader to ‘Post'”. Jerusalem Post. 28 September 2024.
  98. ^ “”Verliezers conflict Israël-Palestina zullen gewone mensen zijn””. Nieuws. 18 October 2023.
  99. ^ Brinckman, Bart. “Vlaams Belang weerspiegelt N-VA op links”. De Standaard. Mediahuis. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  100. ^ “De sociale agenda van Vlaams Belang? Niets links aan!”. Sampol. 21 October 2023.
  101. ^ “Boek ‘Omvolking'”. Filip Dewinter (in Dutch). Retrieved 2022-07-14.
  102. ^ Boeck, Ann De (2020-11-24). “Dries Van Langenhove dweept met omvolkingstheorie: ‘We hebben nog drie jaar'” (in Dutch). Retrieved 2022-09-22.
  103. ^ Ebner, Julie; Davey, Jacob (1 July 2019). “‘The Great Replacement’: The Violent Consequences of Mainstreamed Extremism” (PDF). Institute for Strategic Dialogue. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
  104. ^ “Antwerpen vervreemdt razendsnel: 57% stedelijk basisonderwijs volgt islamlessen”. Vlaams Belang (in Dutch). 2022-06-10. Retrieved 2022-07-14.
  105. ^ “Zwembadterreur is gevolg van omvolking”. Vlaams Belang (in Dutch). 2022-06-24. Retrieved 2022-07-14.
  106. ^ Mantelorganisaties VB op bezoek bij Duitse neonazi’s, Het Laatste Nieuws, 13 augustus 2008. Geraadpleegd 10 mei 2014.
  107. ^ Mantelorganisaties VB gaan op bezoek bij Duitse neonazi’s, De Standaard, 13 augustus 2008. Geraadpleegd 10 mei 2014.
  108. ^ Mantelorganisaties VB gaan op bezoek bij Duitse neonazi’s, Knack, 22 april 2009. Geraadpleegd 10 mei 2014.
  109. ^ Organisatoren neonaziconcerten opgepakt, Medium4You.be
  110. ^ Huidskleur al dan niet thema voor Vlaams Belang? “Partij danst al langer op twee benen”, VRT NWS, 18 augustus 2022
  111. ^ “Zeg niet zomaar “fascist” tegen Dewinter”. De Standaard (in Dutch). 23 December 2004.
  112. ^ “De waarheid kwetst”. De Standaard (in Dutch). 17 December 2004.
  113. ^ “Hirsi Ali wil Vlaams Belang verbieden”. De Standaard (in Dutch). Antwerp. 31 January 2006.
  114. ^ “Beledigen is een recht”. Vlaams Belang (in Dutch). 10 February 2006. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
  115. ^ Vanhecke, Frank (31 January 2006). “Open brief aan Ayaan Hirsi Ali”. Vlaams Belang (in Dutch).
  116. ^ “Vlaams Belang mag partijdotatie behouden”. 21 June 2011.
  117. ^ Starcevic, Seb (18 September 2024). “Belgian far-right party puts convicted Holocaust denier up for local elections”. Politico. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  118. ^ “Vlaams Belang retracts convicted Holocaust denier’s candidacy for local elections”. 19 September 2024.
  119. ^ Phillips, Leigh (25 October 2010). “Far-right ‘lite’ to push for EU referendum on Turkish accession”. EUobserver. Brussels. Retrieved 11 January 2011.
  120. ^ “The myth of Eurabia: how a far-right conspiracy theory went mainstream”. The Guardian. 16 August 2019.
  121. ^ “Counter Jihad Brussels: 18–19 October 2007”. International Civil Liberties Alliance. 20 October 2007.
  122. ^ “Vlaams Belang wil AfD niet direct uit Europese fractie zetten na SS-uitspraken”. Business AM (in Flemish). 2024-05-22. Retrieved 2024-05-24.
  123. ^ “Tom Van Grieken feliciteert AfD met schitterende overwinning”. Vlaams Belang. 2 September 2024.
  124. ^ https://www.brusselstimes.com/1129966/vlaams-belang-to-join-new-far-right-patriots-for-europe-eu-parliamentary-group
  125. ^ Hawley, Charles (29 July 2011). “The Likud Connection: Europe’s Right-Wing Populists Find Allies in Israel – SPIEGEL ONLINE”. Der Spiegel.
  126. ^ “Conservative Conference in Belgrade: CPAC’s Little Brother”. The European Conservative. 11 November 2023.
  127. ^ “Odd bedfellows in Belgium too”. Retrieved 2021-12-22.
  128. ^ “Gereserveerd”. www.duocast.nl.

2.2 来源文献 | Bibliography

3. 中文词条参考文献

  1. ^ Wingfield, George. Belgium. Infobase Publishing. 2008: 104 [2011-12-18]. ISBN 9780791096703. （原始内容存档于2014-07-07）.
  2. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram. Flanders/Belgium. Parties and Elections in Europe. 2019 [2019-05-30]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-31）.
  3. ^ Thompson, Wayne C. Western Europe 2008. Stryker Post Pubns. 2008: 201. ISBN 9781887985987.
  4. ^ Bèland, Daniel. Nationalism and Social Policy. Oxford University Press. 2008: 196.
  5. ^ Belgians’ pride in EU role quells euroscepticism （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. EUobserver. Published 6 May 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  6. ^ Hans-Jürgen Bieling. Uneven development and ‘European crisis constitutionalism’, or the reasons for and conditions of a ‘passive revolution in trouble’. Johannes Jäger; Elisabeth Springler (编). Asymmetric Crisis in Europe and Possible Futures: Critical Political Economy and Post-Keynesian Perspectives. Routledge. 2015: 110 [2020-05-25]. ISBN 978-1-317-65298-4. （原始内容存档于2016-06-10）.
  7. ^ Political Geography （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
    p.145
    Google Books.
    Authors – Joe Painter and Alex Jeffery.
    Published by Sage in Los Angeles, United States.
    First published in 2009.
  8. ^
    • Art, David. Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe. Cambridge University Press. 2011: 106–107.
    • Coffé, Hilde; Dewulf, Jeroen. Wavering between Radical and Moderate: The Discourse of the Vlaams Belang in Flanders (Belgium). Doublespeak: The Rhetoric of the Far Right since 1945 (ibidem). 2014: 162–163.
    • Downs, William M. Political Extremism in Democracies: Combating Intolerance. Palgrave Macmillan. 2012: 6, 85.
    • Erk, Jan. From Vlaams Blok to Vlaams Belang: The Belgian Far-Right Renames Itself. West European Politics. 2005, 28 (3): 493–502. doi:10.1080/01402380500085681.
    • Hainsworth, Paul. The Extreme Right in Western Europe. Routledge. 2008: 6.
    • Jamin, Jérôme. Extreme-Right Discourse in Belgium: A Comparative Regional Approach. Mapping the Extreme Right in Contemporary Europe: From Local to Transnational (Routledge). 2012: 68.
    • Laible, Janet. ‘Back to the Future’ with Vlaams Belang? Flemish Nationalism as a Modernizing Project in a Post-Modern European Union. Multiplicity of Nationalism in Contemporary Europe (Lexington Books). 2010: 136, 142.
    • Leman, Johan. ‘Flemish Interest’ (VB) and Islamophobia: Political, legal and judicial dealings. From the Far Right to the Mainstream: Islamophobia in Party Politics and the Media (Campus Verlag). 2012: 69–90.
    • Vogt, Roland. Belgium: A Nation-State without a National Identity?. European National Identities: Elements, Transitions, Conflicts (Transaction). 2014: 14.
  9. ^ 中國國家安全部收買比利時極右派議員 促擾亂海外挺台會議. 中央社. 2023-12-15 [2023-12-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-17）.
  10. ^ 比利時前議員被中國收買 所屬政黨開除、親俄歷史引議. 中央社. 2023-12-16 [2023-12-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-17）.

4.1 新文章 | News articles

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