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目录
0. 概述
辽观注：此标题是我们在搬运、整合过程中添加的。
平壤地铁（朝鲜语：평양 지하철도／平壤地下鐵道 P’yŏngyang Chihachŏl */?）是朝鲜首都平壤的城市轨道交通系统，始建于1960年代，并于1973年9月6日正式投入运营。该地铁的隧道为朝鲜战争时期已挖掘好的防空洞[1]，深度普遍在22至100米之间，某些山区路段更深入150米。[来源请求]
平壤地铁于1968年动工，第一条线路是1973年9月6日通车的千里马线，第二条线路则是1975年朝鲜国庆节通车的革新线。现时平壤地铁线网总长约24公里，合共17个车站，其中革新线上的光明站在金日成去世后被关闭，不再使用。
平壤地铁刚通车时采用了中国长春轨道客车制DK4型列车，目前使用的车厢都是从德国进口的车厢和朝鲜仿制德国的车厢。2016年1月1日，朝鲜自主研发生产的新型列车投入平壤地铁运营。
除地下铁路系统外，平壤亦有三条地面有轨电车铁路，采用捷克、德国等国的电车以及自行制造的电车。
Daily ridership is estimated to be between 300,000 and 700,000.[5][6] Structural engineering of the Metro was completed by North Korea, with rolling stock and related electronic equipment imported from China.[7][8][9] This was later replaced with used rolling stock acquired from Berlin U-Bahn.[10]
【参考译文】日客流量估计在30万至70万人次之间。[5][6]地铁的结构工程由朝鲜完成，而车辆和相关电子设备则从中国进口。[7][8][9]后来，这些设备被从柏林地铁购得的二手车辆所取代。[10]
The Pyongyang Metro has a museum devoted to its construction and history.[11]
【参考译文】平壤地铁设有一座博物馆，专门介绍其建设和历史。[11]
| Overview【概况】 | |
|---|---|
| Native name【本土名称】 | 평양 지하철도 P’yŏngyang Chihach’ŏlto |
| Locale【位置】 | Pyongyang, North Korea【朝鲜平壤】 |
| Transit type【交通类型】 | Rapid transit【捷运/快速运输】 |
| Number of lines【线路数量】 | 2[1] |
| Line number【线路标号（命名）】 | Chollima Line【千里马线】 Hyoksin Line【革新线】 |
| Number of stations【车站数量】 | 16 (Chollima Line : 8, Hyoksin Line : 8)[1] 【16（千里马线：8，革新线：8）[1]】 |
| Daily ridership【日客运量】 | 400,000 (Weekdays【工作日】) 700,000 (Holidays【节假日】) (July 2019【2019年7月数据】)[1] |
| Headquarters【总部】 | Pyongyang Metro, City Metro Unit, Railway Section, Transport and Communication Commission, Pyongyang, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea 【朝鲜民主主义人民共和国 平壤市 交通通信委员会 铁路部门 城市地铁单位 平壤地铁】 |
| Operation【运营】 | |
| Began operation【运营开始于】 | September 5, 1973[2]【1973年9月5日】 |
| Operator(s)【运营者】 | Pyongyang Metro Administration Bureau[1] 【平壤地铁管理局】 |
| Character【特征】 | rapid transit【捷运/快速运输】 |
| Number of vehicles【车辆数量】 | 224 (Type D : 216,[3] Type 1 : 8[4]) |
| Train length【列车长度】 | 4 |
| Headway【间隔时间】 | 3 minute (peak)【3分钟（高峰期）】 5 minute (off-peak)【5分钟（非高峰期）】 |
| Technical【技术】 | |
| System length【系统长度】 | 22.5 km (14.0 mi)[1] |
| Track gauge【轨距】 | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge【标准轨】 |
| Top speed【最高速度】 | 70 km/h (43 mph) (Type D) |
| Pyongyang Metro【平壤地铁（各种写法）】 | |
| Chosŏn’gŭl【朝鲜谚文写法】 | 평양 지하철도 |
|---|---|
| Hancha【朝鲜汉字写法】 | 平壤地下鐵道 |
| Revised Romanization【韩国罗马化修订系统】 | Pyeongyang Jihacheoldo |
| McCune–Reischauer【马科恩-赖肖尔表记法】 | P’yŏngyang Chihach’ŏlto |
1. 特点
根据每日朝鲜的报导，平壤地铁站大厅在冬季往往会成为朝鲜民众的御寒之地，同时也会成为乞丐的聚集位点。为落实“首都保卫计划”，朝鲜政府会将在地铁站大厅停留超过3小时的民众视为“可疑人物”并予以羁押[4]。
由于朝鲜政府并不容许商家卖广告，所以不论地铁车卡、候车区、车站还是电梯处均设有有关朝鲜劳动党和朝鲜历史的挂画或壁画。
2013年以前，国外观光客仅能在导游的陪伴下搭乘千里马线复兴站至荣光站区段；自2013年起，朝鲜政府允许游客搭乘千里马线全线。
大部分地铁站的候车区都设有多个由劳动新闻提供的阅报支架，很特别地不采用世界上在车站极为常见的出售分发报纸的模式，是因为朝鲜的媒体多数没有发行量的压力，事实上，为了防止政策的灵活转变被质疑，尽量不要让人民有机会私自整理、收集比对往期报纸，而又需要多数民众宣发消息，因故车站设置密封式的公共报架，供候车的乘客集中阅读本日新闻，是其独到之处。
2. 建设 | Construction
Construction of the metro network started in 1965, and stations were opened between 1969 and 1972 by Supreme Leader Kim Il Sung.[12] Most of the 16 public stations were built in the 1970s, except for the two most grandiose stations—Puhŭng and Yŏnggwang, which were constructed in 1987. According to NK News sources, a construction accident in 1971 killed tens if not hundreds of laborers, forcing the rerouting of the metro so it would not cross the Taedong River.[13]
【参考译文】地铁网络于 1965 年开始建设，车站于 1969 年至 1972 年间由最高领导人金日成开通。[12] 16 个公共车站中的大多数都建于 20 世纪 70 年代，只有两个最宏伟的车站——复兴站和荣光站，建于 1987 年。据 NK News 消息人士称，1971 年的一场建筑事故造成数十甚至数百名工人死亡，地铁被迫改道，以免穿越大同江。[13]
China had provided technical aid for the metro’s construction, sending experts to install equipment made in China, including electrical equipment made in Xiangtan, Hunan[14] and the escalator with vertical height of 64 m made by Shanghai Seleva.[15][16]
【参考译文】中国为该地铁建设提供了技术援助，派出专家安装中国制造的设备，包括湖南湘潭制造的电气设备[14]和上海赛力华制造的垂直高度为 64 米的自动扶梯[15][16]。
Pyongyang Metro is among the deepest metros in the world, with the track at over 110 metres (360 ft) deep underground; the metro does not have any above-ground track segments or stations. Due to the depth of the metro and the lack of outside segments, its stations can double as bomb shelters, with blast doors in place at hallways.[17][18] It takes three and a half minutes from the ground to the platform by escalator. The metro is so deep that the temperature of the platform maintains a constant 18 °C (64 °F) all year.[19] The Saint Petersburg Metro also claims to be the deepest, based on the average depth of all its stations. The Hongyancun station on Chongqing Rail Transit‘s Line 9 is currently the deepest station in the world at 116 metres (381 ft). The deepest heavy rail station in the world is the Jerusalem–Yitzhak Navon railway station, located 80 m (260 ft) underground. The Porta Alpina railway station, located above the Gotthard Base Tunnel in Switzerland, was supposed to be 800 m (2,600 ft) underground, but the project was indefinitely shelved in 2012.[20]
【参考译文】平壤地铁是世界上最深的地铁之一，轨道深度超过110米（360英尺）；地铁没有任何地面轨道段或车站。由于地铁深度大且没有地面段，其车站可兼作防空洞，走廊处装有防爆门。[17][18]从地面到站台乘自动扶梯需三分半钟。地铁如此之深，以至于站台温度全年保持在恒定的18摄氏度（64华氏度）。[19]圣彼得堡地铁也宣称自己是世界上最深的地铁，依据是其所有车站的平均深度。重庆轨道交通9号线的红岩村站目前是世界最深的地铁站，深度达116米（381英尺）。世界上最深的重型铁路站是耶路撒冷-伊扎克·纳冯火车站，位于地下80米（260英尺）。位于瑞士哥达基线隧道上方的阿尔皮纳门火车站本计划建在地下800米（2600英尺）处，但该项目于2012年被无限期搁置。[20]
The system was initially electrified at 825 volts, but lowered down to 750 volts to support operation of the Class GI sets.[21] However, this conflicts with the documentation on the DK4 sets, which uses 750 volts with a +20% and a -38% tolerance.[22]
【参考译文】该系统最初采用825伏特供电，但为支持GI型机组的运行，电压降低至750伏特。[21]然而，这与DK4型机组的相关文件存在冲突，因为DK4型机组使用的是750伏特，并允许有+20%和-38%的容差。[22]
A 1999 KBS news broadcast stated that two lines were under construction, with line 3 to run from Kwangbok station to Mangyongdae, while the location of line 4 was unknown. The two lines were to open for the 55th Party Foundation Day.[23]
【参考译文】1999年韩国广播公司（KBS）的一则新闻报道称，当时正在建设两条地铁线路，其中3号线将从光复站到万景台，而4号线的具体位置尚不清楚。这两条线路原计划于朝鲜劳动党成立55周年之际开通。[23]
In 2012, Korean Central Television released renders of a new station bearing the name Mangyongdae displayed at the Pyongyang Architectural Festival.[24]
【参考译文】2012年，朝鲜中央电视台在平壤建筑节上公布了一座新车站的渲染图，该车站被命名为万景台站。[24]
In 2018, NK News claimed that there would be possible extensions to the metro system, with anonymous sources claiming activity to the west of Kwangbok Station. Commercial satellite imagery revealed only one structure under construction, and it speculated an absence of announcements from state media was due to funding issues, as well as due to the 1970s tunneling accidents.[13]
【参考译文】2018年，NK News称朝鲜地铁系统可能会扩建，有匿名消息人士称光复站以西地区有所动作。商业卫星图像显示只有一种结构正在建设中，据推测国家媒体缺乏相关报道是因为资金问题，以及上世纪70年代隧道挖掘事故。[13]
In 2019, Kaeson station and Tongil Station were modernised,[25] adding TVs that show the next service and brighter lighting. This was followed by Jonu station and Chonsung station in 2020.[26] The TVs can also display a digital version of the Rodong Sinmun.
【参考译文】2019年，甲山站和统一站进行了现代化改造，[25]增设了显示下一趟列车信息的电视和更明亮的照明。随后，在2020年，对朱雀站和春秋站也进行了改造。[26]这些电视还可以播放《劳动新闻》的数字版。
At the 8th Congress of the Workers’ Party of Korea, it was announced to push forward on the updating and renovation of the Pyongyang Metro, along with the production of new-type subway trains.[27]
【参考译文】在朝鲜劳动党第八次代表大会上，宣布要推进平壤地铁的更新改造，并生产新型地铁列车。[27]
有报道称千里马线可向北继续延伸至西浦站或龙城站，并可以换乘朝鲜铁路列车至平城（平壤的一个卫星城市，人口约28万，有相当数量的科研院所）；1980年代曾试图直接延伸至平城，但据称因勘探技术不足而失败[5]。
另有报道称1980年代朝鲜计划建设第三条线路“万景台线”：中段包括复兴、荣光两个车站已经于1987年投入使用，暂时连接到烽火站上，和千里马线贯通运行；向东计划穿过大同江至主体思想塔以及东平壤区域，原计划2000年建成，但因技术原因未能完工[5]；西段计划设置青春、万景台两站到万景台学生少年宫，也被搁置。
2018年，有报道称朝鲜政府正在计划向西延伸革新线，设置三座车站，包括英雄站、漆谷站及万景台站。其中，万景台站的地面建筑被2016年间的卫星地图推定[6]。
3. 运营 | Operation
The Pyongyang Metro was designed to operate every few minutes. During rush hour, the trains can operate at a minimum interval of two minutes. The trains have the ability to play music and other recordings.[28] In current service, they run at every 3 minutes in rush hour and every 5 minutes throughout the day.[29] It operates from 5:30 am to 11:30 pm.[30]
【参考译文】平壤地铁的设计初衷是每隔几分钟就有一趟列车运行。在高峰时段，列车可以以最小两分钟的间隔运行。列车具备播放音乐和其他录音的功能。[28]在目前的运营中，高峰时段列车每隔3分钟一趟，全天则每隔5分钟一趟。[29]地铁运营时间为早上5:30至晚上11:30。[30]
The Pyongyang Metro is the cheapest in the world to ride, at only five North Korean won (worth half of a US cent) per ticket.[31] Instead of paper tickets, the Metro previously used an aluminium token, with the emblem of the Metro minted on it and the Korean “지”. It has used a paper ticket system, with “지” printed with blue ink on it.[29] Tickets are bought at station booths. Nowadays, the network uses contactless cards that feature the logo of the network and a train set on the front, with the terms and conditions on the other side. Gates display the number of trips remaining on the card, with a trip being a tap on entry and exit.[29] Smoking and eating inside the Metro system is prohibited and is punishable by a large fine.
【参考译文】平壤地铁的票价是全球最低的，每张票仅需5朝鲜元（相当于半美分）。[31]地铁之前不使用纸质车票，而是使用铸有地铁标志和朝鲜文字“지”（意为“次”）的铝制代币。后来，地铁采用了纸质车票系统，车票上用蓝色墨水印有“지”。[29]车票可在车站售票处购买。如今，地铁网络使用非接触式卡片，卡片正面印有网络标志和一组列车图案，背面则印有使用条款和条件。闸机会显示卡片上剩余的乘车次数，每次进出站都需要刷卡。[29]地铁系统内禁止吸烟和进食，违规者将面临高额罚款。
3.1 线网 | Network
The Pyongyang Metro network consists of two lines:
【参考译文】平壤地铁网络由两条线路组成：
- Hyŏksin Line, which literally means renewal, spans about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi). Regular service started on October 9, 1975. The route contains the Kwangbok, Konguk, Hwanggumbol, Konsol, Hyoksin, Jonsung, Samhung, and Rakwon stations. The closed Kwangmyong station is located between the Samhung and Rakwon stations.
【参考译文】千里马线，以古代朝鲜神话中的飞马命名。该线路全长约12公里（7.5英里）。建设始于1968年，并于1973年9月6日开通。整条线路包含光复、建国、黄金谷、建设、革新、战胜、三兴和乐园等站点。 - Chollima Line, named after a winged horse from ancient Korean mythology. It spans about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi). Construction started in 1968, and the line opened on September 6, 1973. The total route contains the Puhung, Yonggwang, Ponghwa, Sŭngni, Tongil, Kaeson, Jonu, and Pulgunbyol stations.
【参考译文】革新线，字面意思为“革新”，全长约10公里（6.2英里）。该线路于1975年10月9日开始正式运营。线路包含复兴、荣光、烽火、胜利、统一（牡丹峰）、凯旋、战友和红星等站点。已关闭的光明站位于三兴站和乐苑站之间。
The two lines have a linking track, located somewhere near Jonsung station.[32]
【参考译文】这两条线路在靠近战胜站[32]的某处有一条联络线。
Most metro stations bear reference to nearby features, with Kaesŏn Station (“Triumph station”) being located at the Arch of Triumph, Yonggwang station located near Yonggwang street, Sungni station at Sungni street.[33]
【参考译文】大多数地铁站都会参考附近的地标来命名，例如凯旋站位于凯旋门附近，永光站靠近永光街，胜利站则位于胜利街。[33]
The network runs entirely underground. The design of the network was based on metro networks in other communist countries, in particular the Moscow Metro.[34] Both networks share many characteristics, such as the great depth of the lines (over 100 metres (330 ft)) and the large distances between stations. Another common feature is the Socialist realist art on display in the stations – such as murals and statues.[35] Staff of the Metro have a military-style uniform that is specific to these workers. Each Metro station has a free toilet for use by patrons. Stations also play state radio-broadcasts and have a display of the Rodong Sinmun newspaper.
【参考译文】该网络完全在地下运行。网络的设计参考了其他共产主义国家的地铁网络，尤其是莫斯科地铁。[34]这两个网络有许多共同特点，比如线路埋藏得很深（超过100米（330英尺））以及站点间距很大。另一个共同特点是，站内展示了社会主义现实主义艺术，如壁画和雕像。[35]地铁工作人员穿着特制的军式制服。每个地铁站都设有免费厕所供乘客使用。站内还会播放国家广播电台的节目，并展示《劳动新闻》。
In times of war, the metro stations can serve as bomb shelters.[36] For this purpose the stations are fitted with large steel doors.[37] Some sources claim that large military installations are connected to the stations,[38] and also that there exist secret lines solely for government use.[5][39]
【参考译文】在战争时期，地铁站可以作为防空洞使用。[36]为此，地铁站都配备了大钢门。[37]有消息称，一些大型军事设施与地铁站相连，[38]还存在仅供政府使用的秘密线路。[5][39]
One station, Kwangmyŏng, has been closed since 1995 due to the mausoleum of Kim Il-sung being located at that station. Trains do not stop at that station.
【参考译文】光明站自1995年起便已关闭，因为金日成陵墓位于该站。列车不会在此站停靠。
The map of the Hyŏksin line shows two additional stations after Kwangbok: Yŏngung (영웅) and Ch’ilgol (칠골), both of them reportedly under development. The map of the Chollima Line, on the other hand, shows four additional stations, two at each end of the line—Ryŏnmot (련못), Sŏp’o (서포), Ch’ŏngch’un (청춘) and Man’gyŏngdae (만경대)—also planned or under development. However, the most recent maps omit these stations.[29] The Chollima line is already connected to the State Railway Sopo station on the way to the metro depot, and plans of the metro seem to suggest that the non-commercial segment of this line would be eventually part of the metro system.[33] However, the current tunnel exit does not allow for this, as this segment does not have third rail electrification, and is locomotive hauled by the GKD5B shunters and would require negotiating a switchback.
【参考译文】革新线的地图显示在光复站之后还有两个站：英雄（Yŏngung）和七谷（Ch’ilgol），据报道这两个站都在建设中。而千里马线的地图则显示有四个额外的站点，分别位于线路的两端——莲岘（Ryŏnmot）、西浦（Sŏp’o）、青春（Ch’ŏngch’un）和万景台（Man’gyŏngdae）——也处于规划或建设中。然而，最新的地图中并未包含这些站点。[29]千里马线已经与国家铁路西浦站相连，通往地铁车辆段，地铁的规划似乎表明，该线的非商业路段最终将成为地铁系统的一部分。[33]然而，目前的隧道出口并不允许这样做，因为该路段没有第三轨供电，而是由GKD5B调车机车牵引，需要通过一个回环。
In addition to the main system for passenger use, there is allegedly an extra system for government use, similar to Moscow‘s Metro-2. The secret Pyongyang system supposedly connects important government locations.[40] There is also reportedly a massive underground plaza for mobilization, as well as an underground road connecting two metro stations.[41]
【参考译文】除了供乘客使用的主要系统外，据传还有一个供政府使用的额外系统，类似于莫斯科的地铁2号线。据说，平壤的秘密地铁系统连接着重要的政府机构。[40]还有报道称，有一个大型的地下广场用于动员，以及一条连接两个地铁站的地下道路。[41]
4. 车辆 | Rolling stock
When operations on the Metro started in the 1970s, newly built DK4 passenger cars were used, made for North Korea by the Chinese firm Changchun Railway Vehicles.
【参考译文】20世纪70年代地铁开始运营时，使用了由中国长春轨道客车公司为朝鲜制造的新款DK4型客车。
Some of the Chinese-made rolling stock have been observed operating near the Sinuiju area and northern regions.[21]
【参考译文】有观察发现，一些中国制造的轨道车辆在近江地区和北部地区运行。[21]
Since 1997, the Pyongyang Metro has mainly used former German rolling stock from the Berlin U-Bahn.[42]
【参考译文】自1997年以来，平壤地铁主要使用来自柏林地铁（U-Bahn）的前德国轨道车辆。[42]
The former Berlin trainsets were given a new red and cream livery in Pyongyang.[42] All advertising was removed and replaced by portraits of leaders, Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il. In 2000, a BBC reporter saw “old East German trains complete with their original German graffiti”.[10] Koryo Tours in another article write about and show the old West-Berlin D-trains, suggesting that the BBC article could have mixing them up with the Class GI of East Berlin.[42] After about 2006, Type D cars were mainly used. The Class GI rolling stock has been banned from underground tunnel operations due to frequent control stand fires and was withdrawn from Metro service in 2001, and those cars are now operating on the railway network around Pyongyang and northern regions as commuter trains.[43][44] One Type D metro car appears to have been converted into a departmental vehicle, with a subsequently installed second driver’s cab at the car’s back next to the inter carriage door. The metro car is painted in yellow with red warning trims.[45]
【参考译文】这些前柏林列车组在平壤被重新涂上了红色和奶油色的新外观。[42]所有广告都被移除，取而代之的是金日成和金正日的肖像。2000年，一名BBC记者看到了“带有原始德国涂鸦的旧东德列车”。[10]Koryo Tours在另一篇文章中写到了并展示了旧西柏林D型列车，并暗示BBC的文章可能将它们与东柏林的GI型列车混淆了。[42]大约从2006年开始，D型列车主要被投入使用。由于控制台频繁起火，GI型轨道车辆已被禁止在地下隧道中运行，并于2001年退出地铁服务，这些车辆现在作为通勤列车在平壤及周边铁路网和北部地区运行。[43][44]一节D型地铁车厢似乎已被改造成公务车，在车厢后部靠近车厢连接门的位置安装了第二个司机室。这节地铁车厢被涂成了黄色，并配有红色的警示镶边。[45]
In 2015, Kim Jong Un rode a newly manufactured four car train set which was reported to have been developed and built at Kim Chong-t’ae Electric Locomotive Works in North Korea,[46] although the cars appeared to be significantly renovated D-class cars. This set is named ‘Underground Electric Vehicle No. 1’. It features a VVVF control and initially fitted with an asynchronous motor but later replaced with a permanent magnet synchronous motor developed by the Kim Chaek University of Technology. It usually runs on the Chollima Line but has also ran on the Hyoksin Line.[47]
【参考译文】2015年，金正恩乘坐了一列新制造的四节车厢列车组，据报道，这列列车是在朝鲜的金钟泰电力机车工厂开发和制造的，[46]尽管这些车厢看起来像是经过大幅翻新的D型车厢。这组列车被命名为“地下电动车1号”。它采用了VVVF控制，最初配备了异步电动机，但后来被金策工业综合大学的永磁同步电动机所取代。它通常运行在千里马线上，但也曾在革新线上运行。[47]
As a gift to the 8th Congress of the Workers’ Party of Korea, it is reported that the Kim Chong-t’ae Electric Locomotive Works are working to complete new metro cars, promoted by the 80 day campaign.[48] However, in the Korean Central News Agency article summarising the eighty day campaign, there was no mention of any new vehicles being produced.[49] Previously, it was reported that a 4-door set was to be manufactured to mainly run on the Hyoksin line, to be named Underground Electric Vehicle No. 2.[47] Another news report stated that Kim Chong-tae Locomotive Works was organising the serial production of the Underground Electric Vehicle Type 1 for the 80 day campaign and mentioned the construction of the car body. However, although this was a goal of the 80 day campaign, a new set has yet to be built.[50]
【参考译文】作为朝鲜劳动党第八次代表大会的礼物，据报道，金钟泰电力机车工厂正在80天运动期间加紧完成新的地铁车厢的生产。[48]然而，在朝鲜中央通讯社总结80天运动的文章中，并未提及任何新车辆的生产。[49]此前有报道称，将制造一组4门车厢的列车，主要运行在革新线上，并命名为“地下电动车2号”。[47]另一篇新闻报道称，金钟泰机车工厂正在为80天运动组织“地下电动车1号”的批量生产，并提到了车厢车体的建造。然而，尽管这是80天运动的目标之一，但新的一组列车尚未建成。[50]
| Type 【类型】 | Maximum Speed 【最大速度】 | Traction 【牵引力】 | Built 【生产时间】 | Manufacturer 【生产者】 | Country of Origin 【来源国】 | No. of Cars 【车辆数量】 | Number Range 【编号范围】 | Disposition 【处置】 | Notes 【备注】 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DK4 | 80 km/h[51] | Camshaft variable resistor control, 76 kWh max output per motor, total 304 kWh. Designed to run on 750 volts.[51] 【参考译文】轴可变电阻控制，每台电机最大输出功率 76 千瓦时，总计 304 千瓦时。设计运行电压为 750 伏。[51] | 1973-1978 | CNR Changchun Railway Vehicles 【北车长春轨道客车公司】 | China 【中国】 | 112 cars provided to North Korea by September 1978.[16] 【截至1978年9月，向朝鲜提供了112辆汽车。[16]】 | 001 to 1xx | Set beginning with 001 is likely retained as a special vehicle[52] 【参考译文】以001开头的车组可能被保留作为特殊车辆[52] | Derivative of the Beijing Subway’s DK3 Series. Some units converted into 1000 Series trains for Korean State Railway services. Some units can be still seen stored in the metro depot, which are occasionally in service as vintage trains on special occasions and public holidays. 【参考译文】北京地铁 DK3 系列的衍生车型。部分车型改装为 1000 系列列车，供韩国国家铁路使用。部分车型仍存放在地铁车库中，偶尔在特殊场合和公共假日作为复古列车使用。 |
| 4-axle trailer car 【四轴拖车】 | Kim Chong-t’ae Electric Locomotive Works 【金宗泰电力机车工厂】 | North Korea 【朝鲜国】 | 2xx | 4 axle trailer cars built to lengthen DK4 sets to 3 or 4 cars.[53] 【参考译文】制造了 4 轴拖车，用于将 DK4 型列车延长至 3 辆或 4 辆车。[53] | |||||
| G “Gisela” | 70 km/h | Contactor Control 【接触器控制】 | 1978-1983 Bought in 1996[54] 【1978-1983 1996年购买[54]】 | LEW Hennigsdorf 【LEW 亨尼格斯多夫】 | GDR 【东德】 | 120 | 5xx – 6xx | Retired in 2001 【2001年退役】 | Ex-BVG trains from the Berlin U-Bahn bought second-hand in 1996 Most converted into 500 Series trains for Korean State Railway services after the trains were banned from operating in underground tunnels due to frequent and severe control stand fires.[citation needed] 【参考译文】1996 年从柏林地铁购买的二手前 BVG 列车，由于频繁发生严重的控制站火灾，被禁止在地下隧道中运行，大多数被改装成 500 系列列车，供朝鲜国家铁路服务。[需要引证] |
| Jaju-ho (self-reliance type) 【自立型】 | Unknown 【未知】 | Unknown (possibly Resistor Control) 【未知（可能是电阻控制）】 | Unknown (before 1974) 【未知（1974年之前）】 | Kim Chong-t’ae Electric Locomotive Works 【金宗泰电力机车工厂】 | North Korea 【朝鲜】 | Unknown 【未知】 | ? | Unknown 【未知】 | Prototype train. Rode by Kim Jong Il in 1974 but is no longer in service and said to be stored in the Pyongyang Metro museum.[55] 【参考译文】原型列车。1974 年金正日曾乘坐过该列车，但现已停用，据说存放在平壤地铁博物馆。[55] |
| Yonggwang-ho (glory type) 【荣耀型】 | Kim Chong-t’ae Electric Locomotive Works 【金宗泰电力机车工厂】 | 415 | A model of the 3 door version exists in the metro museum, numbered 415.[56] Seen in a 1995 news report, coupled to DK4 cars.[23] 【参考译文】地铁博物馆中现存有一辆三门版的模型，编号为 415。[56] 出现在 1995 年的新闻报道中，与 DK4 车配套。[23] | ||||||
| D “Dora” | 70 km/h | Contactor Control 【接触器控制】 | 1958-1965 Bought in 1999[54] 【1958-1965 1999年购入[54]】 | O&K, DWM, AEG, Siemens | FRG 【西德】 | 220 known carriages, although only 132 were recorded to be in service.[57] 【已知有 220 辆车厢，但根据记录只有 132 辆在服役。[57]】 | 7xx, 8xx and 9xx | In service 【在役】 | Ex-BVG[58] trains from the Berlin U-Bahn bought second-hand in 1998. Some class D sets have a next stop indicator installed.[45] 【参考译文】1998 年购买的二手柏林地铁原 BVG[58] 列车。部分 D 级列车安装了下一站指示器。[45] |
| GKD5B | 45 km/h[59] | 12V135Z Diesel engine 【12V135Z 柴油发动机】 | 1996-1997[60] | CNR Dalian 【中国北车大连】 | China 【中国】 | 2 | In service 【在役】 | Diesel-electric shunting locomotives, used to haul metro trains under overhead electrification section from tunnel portal to depot. 【参考译文】内燃电力调车机车，用于将高架电气化区段下的地铁列车从隧道入口牵引至车库。 | |
| Underground Electric Vehicle No. 1 【地下电动车1号】 | Unknown 【未知】 | IGBT–VVVF Inverter and PMSM motors 【IGBT-VVVF 逆变器和 PMSM 电机】 | 2015[47] | Kim Chong-t’ae Electric Locomotive Works (with Chinese-built components) 【金正泰电力机车厂 (使用中国制造的零部件)】 | North Korea 【朝鲜】 | 8 (2 sets) 【8辆（2列）】 | 1xx (101 to 108) | Unknown 【未知】 | [50] |
5. 旅游业 | Tourism
In general, tourism in North Korea is allowed only in guided groups with no diversion allowed from pre-planned itineraries. Foreign tourists used to be allowed to travel only between Puhŭng Station and Yŏnggwang Station.[61] However, foreign students were allowed to freely use the entire metro system.[62] Since 2010, tourists have been allowed to ride the metro at six stations,[63] and in 2014, all of the metro stations were opened to foreigners. University students traveling with the Pyongyang Project have also reported visiting every station.[64]
【参考译文】一般来说，朝鲜只允许参加有组织旅行团的游客游览，且不得偏离预先规划的行程。过去，外国游客只允许在复兴站（Puhŭng Station）和荣光站（Yŏnggwang Station）之间往来。[61]然而，外国学生被允许自由使用整个地铁系统。[62]自2010年起，游客被允许在六个地铁站乘车，[63]到了2014年，所有地铁站都向外国人开放。与平壤项目同行的大学生也报告说，他们参观了每一个地铁站。[64]
As of 2014, it is possible for tourists on special Public Transport Tours to take metro rides through both lines, including visits to all stations.[65] In April 2014, the first tourist group visited stations on both metro lines, and it is expected that such extended visits to both metro lines will remain possible for future tourist groups.[66]
【参考译文】截至2014年，参加特殊公共交通游的游客可以乘坐地铁穿越两条线路，包括参观所有站点。[65]2014年4月，第一个旅游团参观了地铁两条线路上的站点，预计未来的旅游团也将继续能够参观这两条线路的更多站点。[66]
The previously limited tourist access gave rise to a conspiracy theory that the metro was purely for show. It was claimed that it only consisted of two stops and that the passengers were actors.[67][68][69]
【参考译文】之前对游客游览范围的限制，引发了关于地铁仅为展示之用的阴谋论。有说法称，地铁只有两个站点，乘客都是演员。[67][68][69]
5.1 博物馆 | Museum
Pyongyang Metro has its own museum. A large portion of the collection is related to President Kim Il Sung providing “on-the-spot guidance” to the workers constructing the system. Among the exhibits are a special funicular-like vehicle which the president used to descend to a station under construction (it rode down the inclined tunnels that would eventually be used by the escalators), and a railbus in which he rode around the system.[70][71] The museum also has a map of the planned lines; it shows the Chollima and Hyoksin line terminating at a common station near Chilgol, the third line that would cross the Taedong River, eventually terminating near Rakrang and the locations of the depots, one far past the western terminus of the Hyoksin line and the depot in Sopo for the Chollima line.[72]
【参考译文】平壤地铁拥有自己的博物馆。该博物馆的展品有很大一部分与金日成主席为地铁系统建设工人提供“现场指导”有关。展品中包括一辆特殊的类似缆车般的交通工具，金日成主席曾乘坐它下降到正在建设中的车站（它沿着最终将由自动扶梯使用的倾斜隧道下行），还有一辆他曾在地铁系统中乘坐的轨道巴士。[70][71]博物馆还有一张规划线路的地图，展示了千里马（Chollima）线和幸福（Hyoksin）线在智尔戈（Chilgol）附近的一个共同站点终止，第三条线将横跨大同江，最终在乐浪（Rakrang）附近终止，以及车库的位置，其中一个位于幸福线西端很远的地方，另一个位于索波（Sopo），用于千里马线。[72]
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