缅族 / Bamar people – 中英文维基百科词条融合

By cathayvista区域：东南亚, 民族、族群

中文词条原文链接（无法从中国内地访问）：请点击这里访问
英文词条原文链接（无法从中国内地访问）：请点击这里访问
本文基于英文词条的线索，并补充部分来自中文词条的内容（在二者冲突时，以更晚更新者为准）。 辽观搬运时进行了必要的合规化处理，以使其能够在中国内地上传。部分文字采用汉语拼音方式代替，音节后的数字表示汉语拼音规则中的声调。

关于辽观的维基百科搬运计划，及根据名称精确检索已搬运的词条，请点击这里访问辽观网站。维基百科（Wikipedia）是美国维基媒体基金会的互联网百科项目，其内容可能受到立场、信息来源等因素影响，请客观看待。正文内容不代表译者观点。

辽观提供的翻译仅供参考。文中可能包含无法从中国内地访问的链接。

辽观所搬运的词条文本与维基百科一道同样遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议（辽观搬运的中英文对照版本），在符合协议要求的情况下您可以免费使用其内容（包括商用）。图片和视频可能遵循不同的共享协议。请点击这里访问

1. 正文（发布于知乎专栏）

第一部分（概述、族名、祖先起源、族群认同、语言）请点击这里访问

第二部分（剩余部分）请点击这里访问

2. 参见（维基百科的相关词条）| See also

3. 英文词条参考文献

3.1 引用列表（与文中标号对应）| References

  1. ^ “In Thailand, exiled Burmese communities work to support the revolution at home”. Le Monde.fr. 30 March 2022.
  2. ^ “Emigrants in Singapore’s ‘little Myanmar’ eye their homeland”.
  3. ^ 2016 Census of Australia “Burmese Australians”
  4. ^ Otsuka, Kosei (January 2022). “15 Burmese: Refugees and Little Yangon”. Language Communities in Japan. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198856610.003.0016.
  5. ^ Bradley, David (28 January 2019). “Language policy and language planning in mainland Southeast Asia: Myanmar and Lisu”. Linguistics Vanguard. 5 (1): 20180071. doi:10.1515/lingvan-2018-0071. ISSN 2199-174X. S2CID 203848291.
  6. ^ “Country Summary”, The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, retrieved 21 August 2022
  7. ^ Bradley, David (9 August 2021), Sidwell, Paul; Jenny, Mathias (eds.), “17 Typological profile of Burmic languages”, The Languages and Linguistics of Mainland Southeast Asia, De Gruyter, pp. 299–336, doi:10.1515/9783110558142-017, ISBN 978-3-11-055814-2, S2CID 243225016, retrieved 22 August 2022
  8. ^ Aung-Thwin, Michael (June 2008). “Mranma Pran: When context encounters notion”. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 39 (2): 193–217. doi:10.1017/S0022463408000179. ISSN 1474-0680. S2CID 154992861.
  9. ^ “Burma Decides It’s the ‘Union of Myanmar'”. Los Angeles Times. 21 June 1989. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  10. ^ Alagappa, Muthiah, ed. (1 July 1998), “Notes”, Asian Security Practice, Stanford University Press, pp. 701–744, doi:10.1515/9780804765121-024, ISBN 978-0-8047-6512-1, retrieved 21 August 2022
  11. ^ Guyot, James F.; Badgley, John (1990). “Myanmar in 1989: Tatmadaw V”. Asian Survey. 30 (2): 187–195. doi:10.2307/2644897. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2644897.
  12. ^ Hill, Nathan W., ed. (2019), “Burmese”, The Historical Phonology of Tibetan, Burmese, and Chinese, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 46–83, doi:10.1017/9781316550939.003, ISBN 978-1-107-14648-8, retrieved 21 August 2022
  13. ^ Goh, Geok Yian (23 February 2021), “Commercial Networks and Economic Structures of Theravada Buddhist Southeast Asia (Thailand and Myanmar)”, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.546, ISBN 978-0-19-027772-7, retrieved 21 August 2022
  14. ^ “Burmans/Myanmarans”. Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life. Asia & Oceania, A-K. Vol. 3 (3rd ed.). Farmington Hills: Gale. 2017. pp. 206–212.
  15. ^ Minahan, James (2012). Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-659-1.
  16. ^ Hudson, Bob (2022). “Early States in Myanmar”. In Higham, Charles F. W.; Kim, Nam C. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Early Southeast Asia. Oxford University Press. pp. 659–678. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199355358.013.11. ISBN 9780199355372.
  17. ^ Charney, Michael W. (31 August 2021), “Religion and Migration in Rakhine”, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.414, ISBN 978-0-19-027772-7, retrieved 11 September 2022
  18. ^ Ware, Anthony; Laoutides, Costas (1 October 2018). “Rakhine–Burman Narratives: ‘Independence’, ‘Unity’, ‘Infiltration'”. doi:10.1093/oso/9780190928865.003.0004. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  19. ^ Druce, Stephen C. (2020), Oishi, Mikio (ed.), “Myanmar’s Unwanted Ethnic Minority: A History and Analysis of the Rohingya Crisis”, Managing Conflicts in a Globalizing ASEAN, Singapore: Springer Singapore, pp. 17–46, doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9570-4_2, ISBN 978-981-329-569-8, S2CID 211420005, retrieved 13 September 2022
  20. ^ Summerer, Monika; Horst, Jürgen; Erhart, Gertraud; Weißensteiner, Hansi; Schönherr, Sebastian; Pacher, Dominic; Forer, Lukas; Horst, David; Manhart, Angelika; Horst, Basil; Sanguansermsri, Torpong; Kloss-Brandstätter, Anita (2014). “Large-scale mitochondrial DNA analysis in Southeast Asia reveals evolutionary effects of cultural isolation in the multi-ethnic population of Myanmar”. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 14 (1): 17. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-17. PMC 3913319. PMID 24467713.
  21. ^ Nuchprayoon, Issarang; Louicharoen, Chalisa; Charoenvej, Warisa (January 2008). “Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mutations in Mon and Burmese of southern Myanmar”. Journal of Human Genetics. 53 (1): 48–54. doi:10.1007/s10038-007-0217-3. ISSN 1435-232X. PMID 18046504. S2CID 22331704.
  22. ^ Changmai, Piya; Kočí, Jan; Flegontov, Pavel (2 July 2022). “Reconstructing the genetic history of Kra-Dai speakers from Thailand”. doi:10.1101/2022.06.30.498332. S2CID 250267533. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  23. ^ Oh, Su-Ann, ed. (31 December 2016), “4. Burman Territories and Borders in the Making of a Myanmar Nation State”, Myanmar’s Mountain and Maritime Borderscapes, ISEAS Publishing, pp. 99–120, doi:10.1355/9789814695770-010, ISBN 978-981-4695-77-0, retrieved 22 August 2022
  24. ^ Houtman, Gustaaf (2002). “Burmans”. In Christensen, Karen; Levinson, David (eds.). Encyclopedia of Modern Asia. Vol. 1. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. pp. 383–384.
  25. ^ “Old identity, new identification for Mandalay minorities”. The Myanmar Times. 11 April 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  26. ^ “Identity Crisis: Ethnicity and Conflict in Myanmar”. International Crisis Group. 28 August 2020.
  27. ^ Callahan, Mary P. (2017). “Distorted, Dangerous Data? Lumyo in the 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census”. Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia. 32 (2): 452–478. ISSN 1793-2858.
  28. ^ Thawnghmung, Ardeth Maung (20 April 2022), “”National Races” in Myanmar”, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.656, ISBN 978-0-19-027772-7, retrieved 21 August 2022
  29. ^ Walton, Matthew J. (1 February 2013). “The “Wages of Burman-ness:” Ethnicity and Burman Privilege in Contemporary Myanmar”. Journal of Contemporary Asia. 43 (1): 1–27. doi:10.1080/00472336.2012.730892. ISSN 0047-2336. S2CID 153678275.
  30. ^ South, Ashley; Lall, Marie (2016). “Language, Education and the Peace Process in Myanmar”. Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International and Strategic Affairs. 38 (1): 128–153. doi:10.1353/csa.2016.0009. ISSN 1793-284X. S2CID 148334206.
  31. ^ Reid, Anthony J. S., ed. (31 December 2018), “9. Was the Seventeenth Century a Watershed in Burmese History?”, Southeast Asia in the Early Modern Era, Cornell University Press, pp. 214–249, doi:10.7591/9781501732171-014, ISBN 978-1-5017-3217-1, S2CID 239286280, retrieved 22 August 2022
  32. ^ Taylor, Robert H. (1 November 2005). “Do States Make Nations?”. South East Asia Research. 13 (3): 261–286. doi:10.5367/000000005775179676. ISSN 0967-828X. S2CID 147590714.
  33. ^ Han, Enze (10 October 2019). “Comparative Nation Building across the Borderland Area”. Asymmetrical Neighbors. pp. 118–136. doi:10.1093/oso/9780190688301.003.0007. ISBN 978-0-19-068830-1.
  34. ^ Schober, Juliane (30 November 2010). “The Emergence of the Secular in Modern Burma”. Modern Buddhist Conjunctures in Myanmar. pp. 34–45. doi:10.21313/hawaii/9780824833824.003.0003. ISBN 9780824833824.
  35. ^ Than Tun Win. “Composition of the Different Ethnic Groups under the 8 Major National Ethnic Races in Myanmar”. Embassy of the Union of Myanmar, Brussels.
  36. ^ Boutry, Maxime (2020), Bell, Martin; Bernard, Aude; Charles-Edwards, Elin; Zhu, Yu (eds.), “Internal Migration in Myanmar”, Internal Migration in the Countries of Asia, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 163–183, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44010-7_9, ISBN 978-3-030-44009-1, S2CID 226488320, retrieved 11 September 2022
  37. ^ Myanmar-English Dictionary. Myanmar Language Commission. 1993.
  38. ^ “Chapter Ii. Burma: The Land and the People”, Modern Burma, University of California Press, pp. 9–22, 31 December 1942, doi:10.1525/9780520351851-005, ISBN 978-0-520-35185-1, retrieved 22 August 2022
  39. ^ “13 Without the Mon Paradigm”, The Mists of Rāmañña, University of Hawaii Press, pp. 299–322, 31 December 2020, doi:10.1515/9780824874414-014, ISBN 978-0-8248-7441-4, S2CID 242241627, retrieved 22 August 2022
  40. ^ Wallis, Keziah (2021). “Nats in the Land of the Hintha: Village Religion in Lower Myanmar”. Journal of Burma Studies. 25 (2): 193–226. doi:10.1353/jbs.2021.0010. ISSN 2010-314X. S2CID 237987753.
  41. ^ Kyaw, Nyi Nyi (4 May 2019). “Adulteration of pure native blood by aliens? mixed race kapya in colonial and post-Colonial Myanmar”. Social Identities. 25 (3): 345–359. doi:10.1080/13504630.2018.1499223. ISSN 1350-4630. S2CID 150236662.
  42. ^ Kiik, Laur (2020). “Confluences amid Conflict: How Resisting China’s Myitsone Dam Project Linked Kachin and Bamar Nationalisms in War-Torn Burma”. Journal of Burma Studies. 24 (2): 229–273. doi:10.1353/jbs.2020.0010. ISSN 2010-314X. S2CID 231624929.
  43. ^ Bradley, David (31 December 1996), Wurm, Stephen A.; Mühlhäusler, Peter; Tryon, Darrell T. (eds.), “Burmese as a lingua franca”, Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas, De Gruyter Mouton, pp. 745–748, doi:10.1515/9783110819724.2.745, ISBN 978-3-11-013417-9, retrieved 22 August 2022
  44. ^ Bradley, David (Spring 1993). “Pronouns in Burmese-Lolo” (PDF). Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 16 (1).
  45. ^ Jenny, Mathias (9 August 2021), Sidwell, Paul; Jenny, Mathias (eds.), “25 The national languages of MSEA: Burmese, Thai, Lao, Khmer, Vietnamese”, The Languages and Linguistics of Mainland Southeast Asia, De Gruyter, pp. 599–622, doi:10.1515/9783110558142-025, ISBN 978-3-11-055814-2, S2CID 238646178, retrieved 22 August 2022
  46. ^ Kurabe, Keita (31 December 2016). “Phonology of Burmese loanwords in Jinghpaw”. 京都大学言語学研究. 35: 91–128. doi:10.14989/219015. ISSN 1349-7804.
  47. ^ Fen, Wong Soon (April 2005). “English in Myanmar”. RELC Journal. 36 (1): 93–104. doi:10.1177/0033688205053485. ISSN 0033-6882. S2CID 144616722.
  48. ^ Jenny, Mathias (9 August 2021), Sidwell, Paul; Jenny, Mathias (eds.), “36 Writing systems of MSEA”, The Languages and Linguistics of Mainland Southeast Asia, De Gruyter, pp. 879–906, doi:10.1515/9783110558142-036, ISBN 978-3-11-055814-2, S2CID 240911420, retrieved 22 August 2022
  49. ^ Hill, Nathan W. (9 August 2021), Sidwell, Paul; Jenny, Mathias (eds.), “7 Scholarship on Trans-Himalayan (Tibeto-Burman) languages of South East Asia”, The Languages and Linguistics of Mainland Southeast Asia, De Gruyter, pp. 111–138, doi:10.1515/9783110558142-007, hdl:2262/97064, ISBN 978-3-11-055814-2, S2CID 243683303, retrieved 22 August 2022
  50. ^ Frawley, William (May 2003). “Burmese”. International Encyclopedia of Linguistics (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-513977-8.
  51. ^ “The Myanmar Personality”. www.myanmar.gov.mm. Archived from the original on 22 August 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
  52. ^ Pequenino, Karla (26 October 2016). “Myanmar again named world’s most generous country”. CNN. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  53. ^ “CAF World Giving Index 2021” (PDF). Charities Aid Foundation. June 2021.
  54. ^ “မြန်မာတွင် လောကီမင်္ဂလာလေးမျိုးသာပြုလုပ်တော့ဟု ဗြိတိန်မနုဿဗေဒပညာရှင်ဆို”. 7Day News – ၇ ရက်နေ့စဉ် သတင်း (in Burmese). Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  55. ^ “HOW THE BURMESE CELEBRATE NEW YEAR FESTIVAL?”. EN – To travel is to live (in Vietnamese). 16 June 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  56. ^ Duguid, Naomi (27 November 2012). Burma: Rivers of Flavor. Random House of Canada. ISBN 978-0-307-36217-9.
  57. ^ van Driem, George L. (1 January 2019). The Tale of Tea: A Comprehensive History of Tea from Prehistoric Times to the Present Day. BRILL. doi:10.1163/9789004393608_002. ISBN 978-90-04-39360-8. S2CID 187229807.
  58. ^ “Burmese Food Primer: Essential Dishes To Eat in Myanmar”. Food Republic. 22 February 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  59. ^ Cumo, Christopher (25 February 2015). The Ongoing Columbian Exchange: Stories of Biological and Economic Transfer in World History: Stories of Biological and Economic Transfer in World History. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-61069-796-5.
  60. ^ Wade, Geoff (29 March 2012). “Southeast Asian Historical Writing”. The Oxford History of Historical Writing. pp. 119–147. doi:10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199219179.003.0007. ISBN 978-0-19-921917-9.
  61. ^ Garifas, Robert (1985). “The Development of the Modern Burmese Hsaing Ensemble”. Asian Music. 16 (1): 1–28. doi:10.2307/834011. JSTOR 834011.
  62. ^ “Myanmar’s Traditional Fashion Choices Endure”. consult-myanmar.com. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  63. ^ “The origin of today’s Myanmar men’s outfit”. Lost Footsteps. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  64. ^ Yeni (5 August 2011). “Beauty That’s More Than Skin Deep”. The Irrawaddy. Archived from the original on 6 August 2011. Retrieved 7 August 2011.
  65. ^  “Myanmar (Burmese) Culture”. Cultural Atlas. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
  66. ^ Khaing, Daw Mi Mi (1 February 1958). “Burmese Names”. The Atlantic. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
  67. ^ Ma Tin Cho Mar (2020). “ONOMASTIC TREASURE OF BURMESE PERSONAL NAMES AND NAMING PRACTICES IN MYANMAR”. Isu Dalam Pendidikan (43). University of Malaya.
  68. ^ Griffiths, Michael P. (21 November 2019). Community Welfare Organisations in Rural Myanmar: Precarity and Parahita. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-76743-8.
  69. ^ Khin Maung Yin (2005). “Salience of Ethnicity among Burman Muslims: A Study in Identity Formation”. Intellectual Discourse. 13 (2): 161–179.
  70. ^ Ayako, Saito (2014). “The Formation of the Concept of Myanmar Muslims as Indigenous Citizens: Their History and Current Situation” (PDF). The Journal of Sophia Asian Studies (32): 25–40.

3.2 来源文献 | Bibliography

4. 中文词条参考文献

  1. ^ Burmese language. [2018-05-24]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-03）.
  2. ^ 许清章. 缅甸历史、文化与外交. 社会科学文献出版社. 2014. ISBN 9787509759783.
  3. ^ Summerer et al 2014: 7
  4. ^ (Myint-U 2006，第51–52页)
  5. ^ Brief History of Achang People. 民族出版社. 2008. ISBN 9787105087105.
  6. ^ Book of Man. 中国书店出版社. 2007. ISBN 9787805684765.
  7. ^ 民族学报, Volume 2. Yunnan Nationalities University. 1982: 37, 38, 48.
  8. ^ Genomic Insights Into the Demographic History of the Southern Chinese. Evolutionary and Population Genetics. 2022 [2023-09-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-01） （英语）.
  9. ^ Myanmar-The unification of Myanmar. [2018-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-07）.
  10. ^ 李盈慧，王宏仁主编。《东南亚概论：台湾的视角》台北市：五南。2008年。19~21页。ISBN 978-957-11-5381-0 (738)
  11. ^ Myanmar-The unification of Myanmar. [2018-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-07）.
  12. ^ 顧長永《東南亞各國政府與政治：持續與變遷》（臺北市：臺灣商務，2013 年），頁353。. 顾长永.
  13. ^ 跳转到：13.0 13.1 13.2 Encyclopædia Britannica
  14. ^ Sword For Pen. TIME Magazine. 1937-04-12. （原始内容存档于2021-04-27）.
  15. ^ Martin Smith (1991). Burma – Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity. London and New Jersey: Zed Books. pp. 49, 91, 50, 53, 54, 56, 57, 58–59, 60, 61, 60, 66, 65, 68, 69, 77, 78, 64, 70, 103, 92, 120, 176, 168–169, 177, 178, 180, 186, 195–197, 193, 202, 204, 199, 200, 270, 269, 275–276, 292–3, 318–320, 25, 24, 1, 4–16, 365, 375–377, 414.
  16. ^ Martin Smith (1991). Burma – Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity. London and New Jersey: Zed Books. pp. 49, 91, 50, 53, 54, 56, 57, 58–59, 60, 61, 60, 66, 65, 68, 69, 77, 78, 64, 70, 103, 92, 120, 176, 168–169, 177, 178, 180, 186, 195–197, 193, 202, 204, 199, 200, 270, 269, 275–276, 292–3, 318–320, 25, 24, 1, 4–16, 365, 375–377, 414.
  17. ^ Martin Smith (1991). Burma – Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity. London and New Jersey: Zed Books. pp. 49, 91, 50, 53, 54, 56, 57, 58–59, 60, 61, 60, 66, 65, 68, 69, 77, 78, 64, 70, 103, 92, 120, 176, 168–169, 177, 178, 180, 186, 195–197, 193, 202, 204, 199, 200, 270, 269, 275–276, 292–3, 318–320, 25, 24, 1, 4–16, 365, 375–377, 414.
  18. ^ Martin Smith (1991). Burma – Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity. London and New Jersey: Zed Books. pp. 49, 91, 50, 53, 54, 56, 57, 58–59, 60, 61, 60, 66, 65, 68, 69, 77, 78, 64, 70, 103, 92, 120, 176, 168–169, 177, 178, 180, 186, 195–197, 193, 202, 204, 199, 200, 270, 269, 275–276, 292–3, 318–320, 25, 24, 1, 4–16, 365, 375–377, 414.
  19. ^ 「羅興亞人」為何在緬甸成為敏感詞？. 美国之音. [2016-05-07]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-17）.
  20. ^ rwin, Anthony (1945). Burmese Outpost. London: Collins.
  21. ^ Silverstein Josef. Burmanese Politics The Dilemma of NationalUnity. USA. The State University of New Jersy. 1980.
  22. ^ 隧道遠端的光：緬甸21世紀彬龍會議的始末與未來. 南洋志. [2016-09-07]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-29）.
  23. ^ 顧長永《東南亞各國政府與政治：持續與變遷》（臺北市：臺灣商務，2013 年），頁434。. 顾长永.
  24. ^ 李洁《1988 年以來緬甸民族政策的演變及影響》（中國：雲南大學碩士論文，2011 年），頁24。.
  25. ^ 理查．考科特《變臉的緬甸：一個由血、夢想和黃金構成的國度》（臺北市：馬可孛羅 ，2016 年）。.
  26. ^ 顧長永，《緬甸――軍事獨裁五十年》（新加坡：世界科技出版公司，2015 年2 月），頁189-201。.
  27. ^ 緬甸公民法(1982年人民議會第4號法令. 缅华网. [2012-08-19]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-30）.
  28. ^ 跳转到：28.0 28.1 陳鴻瑜《東南亞各國政府與政治》（臺北市：翰蘆圖書，2004 年），頁735-739。.
  29. ^ 司徒宇.顾长永. 《緬甸政府與少數民族之互動探析──以克欽族、撣族、克倫族、羅興亞族為例》. 国会月刊 (台湾). 2015-9, 43 (9): 24-40.
  30. ^ Silverstein Josef. Burmanese Politics The Dilemma of NationalUnity. USA. The State University of New Jersy. 1980
  31. ^ Cohen, Joanna; Fuller, Holly; Scott, Kelly. Governance in refugee camps on the Thai/Burma border (PDF). [23 April 2016]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016年6月10日）.
  32. ^ The New Panglong Initiative. [2018-06-09]. （原始内容存档于2011-09-05）.
  33. ^ 陈鸿瑜主编。《缅甸史》新北市：2016年7月。316-317页。ISBN 978-957-05-3048-3
  34. ^ Maung Htin Aung,Michael Arthur Aung-Thwin,David I. Steinberg. Myanmar. [2018-05-25]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-04）.
  35. ^ 田村克己　松田正彦主编《ミャンマーを知るための60章》明石书店：2013年10月　212–215页。
  36. ^ 认识东南及东南亚系列：缅甸 – 佛光普照的稻米之国 ISBN 962-937101-4
  37. ^ 陈鸿瑜主编。《缅甸史》新北市：2016年7月。330页。ISBN 978-957-05-3048-3
  38. ^ Ayako, Saito. The Formation of the Concept of Myanmar Muslims as Indigenous Citizens: Their History and Current Situation (PDF). The Journal of Sophia Asian Studies. 2014, (32): 25–40 [2018-06-09]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-01-01）.
  39. ^ 理查．考科特(Richard Cockett)主编。《变脸的缅甸：一个由血、梦想和黄金构成的国度》2016年。95页。ISBN 9869335829, 9789869335829
  40. ^ 緬甸，不只有翡翠－破繭成蝶的蒲甘漆器與千年的文化沉澱. 缅甸《金凤凰》中文报. （原始内容存档于2020-10-25）.
  41. ^ 田村克己　松田正彦主编《ミャンマーを知るための60章》明石书店：2013年10月　91–95页。
  42. ^ MAAMs,マンダレー刺繍
  43. ^ 大场, 四千男主编《东南アジアの人间像と日本経営史の原像（2)》日本：2011-09-25　68页。
  44. ^ 松岛さくら子　《漆が语るアジアの文化―ミャンマーの漆文化Ⅰ―》日本:2009年　9页。
  45. ^ monthly，缅甸旅游与文化观察（二）：蒲甘，曾经的佛教王国
  46. ^ 典蔵,以Seinnyet Ama与Seinnyet Nyima为例，探讨缅甸蒲甘王朝佛教塔寺空间观之转变
  47. ^ 陈鸿瑜主编。《缅甸史》新北市：2016年7月。322-323页。ISBN 978-957-05-3048-3
  48. ^ 陈鸿瑜主编。《缅甸史》新北市：2016年7月。328-330页。ISBN 978-957-05-3048-3

5. 外部链接

分享到：