大疆创新 / DJI – （全文）中英文维基百科词条融合

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0. 概述

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0.1 文字说明

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SZ DJI Technology Co., Ltd.[3] or Shenzhen DJI Sciences and Technologies Ltd. (Chinese: 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司; pinyin: Shēnzhèn Shì Dà Jiāng Chuàngxīn Kējì Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī)[4] or DJI (大疆创新; Dà Jiāng Chuàngxīn) is a Chinese technology company headquartered in Shenzhen, Guangdong. DJI manufactures commercial unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) for aerial photography and videography. It also designs and manufactures camera systems, gimbal stabilizers, propulsion systems, enterprise software, aerial agriculture equipment, and flight control systems.
【参考译文】大疆创新科技有限公司[3]（或称深圳大疆创新科技有限公司；拼音：Shēnzhèn Shì Dà Jiāng Chuàngxīn Kējì Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī）[4]，简称DJI（大疆创新；Dà Jiāng Chuàngxīn），是一家总部位于中国广东省深圳市的科技公司。大疆制造用于航空摄影和摄像的商业无人机。公司还设计和制造相机系统、云台稳定器、推进系统、企业软件、农业航空设备以及飞行控制系统。

大疆总部位于深圳市天空之城大厦，其在美国、德国、荷兰、日本、中国北京、澳大利亚和香港设有办公室[3]。

DJI accounted for over 90% of the world’s consumer drone market as of June 2024.[5] Its camera drone technology is widely used in the music, television, and film industries. The company’s products have also been used by military and police forces,[6] as well as terrorist groups, with the company taking steps to limit access to the latter.[7]
【参考译文】截至2024年6月，大疆占据了全球消费级无人机市场90%以上的份额[5]。其相机无人机技术在音乐、电视和电影行业中得到广泛应用。该公司的产品也被军队和警察部队[6]以及恐怖组织所使用，对此公司已采取措施限制后者获取其产品[7]。

DJI products have drawn concerns over privacy and security. They have been used by combatants from all sides during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[8][9] The company has been sanctioned by the United States government but its drones can still be purchased and operated in the country.[10][11]
【参考译文】大疆产品引发了有关隐私和安全的担忧。在俄罗斯入侵乌克兰期间，交战各方都曾使用过大疆产品[8][9]。美国政府已对大疆实施制裁，但其无人机仍可在美国购买和操作[10][11]。

0.2 概况表格

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Trade name【商号】	DJI
Native name【本土名称】	大疆创新科技有限公司
Company type【公司类型】	Private; partly state-owned 【私有（非上市）；部分国有】
Industry【行业】	Technology【技术】 consumer electronics【消费电子】 videography【摄像】 photography【摄影】
Founded【成立于】	January 18, 2006【2006年1月18日】
Founder【创始人】	Frank Wang (Wang Tao)【汪滔】
Headquarters【总部】	DJI Sky City, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China 【中国广东省深圳市南山区仙元路55号大疆天空之城】
Area served【服务范围】	Worldwide【全世界】
Products【产品】	Unmanned aerial vehicles【无人机】 Camcorder【摄像机】 Camera stabilizer【相机稳定器】 Flight platform【飞行平台】 Gimbal【云台】 Flight controller【飞行控制器】 Propulsion system【推进系统】 Robotics【机器人技术】
Revenue【营业额】	▲301.40亿元人民币(2022年)[1]
Number of employees【员工数量】	14,000[2] (2018)
Divisions【分部】	China【中国】 Japan【日本】 North America【北美】 Europe【欧洲】 Latin America【拉丁美洲】
Subsidiaries【子公司】	Hasselblad【哈苏】
Website【网站】	http://www.dji.com

1. 发展历史 | History

1.1 成立和起步（2014年前）

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The company was founded in 2006 by Frank Wang (Wāng Tāo, 汪滔).[12] Born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, he enrolled as a college student at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) in 2003. He was part of the HKUST team participating in the ABU Robocon and won third prize.[13]
【参考译文】该公司由汪滔（Frank Wang，王滔）于2006年创立。[12] 他出生于浙江杭州，2003年考入香港科技大学（HKUST）就读本科。他是参加亚洲广播联盟机器人大赛（ABU Robocon）的香港科技大学团队的一员，并获得了三等奖。[13]

大疆成立于2006年[4]，其创始人汪滔曾于2003年从华东师范大学退学，到香港科技大学就读电子与计算机工程学研究生课程[7]，在其2006年毕业后，与两位同学共同创立大疆创新[3]。公司最初在深圳莲花北的简陋民房办公，只有五六位员工。因工作环境简陋，无法招请专材，原本一起创业的两位同学在两年后也相继离开。但汪滔没有放弃，在2008年成功研发的第一款较为成熟的直升机飞行控制系统XP3.1面市[8]。

Wang built the first prototypes of DJI’s projects in his dorm room, selling the flight control components to universities and Chinese electric companies. He used the proceeds to move to the industrial hub of Shenzhen and hired a small staff in 2006. The company struggled at first with a high degree of churn among employees, attributed to Wang’s abrasive personality and perfectionist expectations. The company sold a modest number of components during this period, relying on financial support from Wang’s family friend, Lu Di, who provided US$90,000 and managed the company’s finances.[14] In 2009, DJI’s components enabled a team to successfully pilot a drone around the peak of Mt. Everest.[6]
【参考译文】汪滔在宿舍里打造了大疆项目的第一个原型机，并将飞行控制部件卖给大学和中国的电力公司。他用这笔钱于2006年搬到了工业中心深圳，并雇佣了一小批员工。起初，由于汪滔性格耿直、追求完美，公司员工流动率很高，公司因此陷入困境。在此期间，公司销售的部件数量有限，依靠汪滔家人的朋友陆迪提供的9万美元资金支持，并由其管理公司财务。[14]2009年，大疆的部件帮助一支团队成功驾驶无人机环绕珠穆朗玛峰峰顶飞行。[6]

2010年，大疆每月的销售额达十万元人民币。同年，香港科技大学[9]向汪滔团队投资200万元。他在访问时表示原只希望能养活一个10-20人的团队，但其后渐渐发现行业市场前景有很大发展空间。其后多轴飞行器逐渐兴起，大疆在新西兰的一位代理商告诉汪滔，表示每个月售出200多个云台，超过90%的购买者会将云台悬挂到多旋翼飞行器上。反之直升机飞行控制系统销情一般，说明多旋翼飞行器市场比直升机大得多。他很快把在直升机上积累的技术运用到多旋翼飞行器上，并迅速打响口碑，一年后市场占有率达50%。

In 2010, Wang hired a high school friend, Swift Xie Jia, to run the company’s marketing. DJI began to cater more to drone hobbyists in markets outside of China. In 2011, Wang met Colin Guinn at a trade show, and the two of them founded DJI North America, a subsidiary company focusing on mass market drone sales. In 2013, DJI released the first model of the Phantom drone, an entry-level drone that was more user-friendly than other drones on the market at the time.
【参考译文】2010年，汪滔聘请了他的高中好友谢嘉（Swift Xie Jia）来负责公司营销。大疆开始更多地迎合中国以外市场的无人机爱好者。2011年，汪滔在一场贸易展上遇到了科林·吉恩（Colin Guinn），两人共同创立了大疆北美公司，这是一家专注于大众市场无人机销售的子公司。2013年，大疆发布了精灵无人机的第一款型号，这是一款入门级无人机，比当时市场上的其他无人机更易于使用。

在2009年和2014年间，大疆的销售额以每年两到三倍的速度增长。2014年，大疆售出了大约40万架无人机，主要以Phantom系列为主[10]。

The Phantom was commercially successful but led to conflict between Guinn and Wang. Midway through the year, Wang made an offer to buy out Guinn, which was refused. By the end of the year, DJI had locked employees of the North American subsidiary out of their email accounts, shutting down the subsidiary’s operations. Guinn sued DJI, with the case being settled out of court.[14]
【参考译文】精灵无人机在商业上取得了成功，但也导致了吉恩和汪滔之间的冲突。年中时，汪滔提出收购吉恩的股份，但被拒绝。到年底，大疆锁定了北美子公司员工的电子邮件账户，停止了该公司的运营。吉恩起诉了大疆，最终案件在庭外和解。[14]

1.2 全球开拓（2015-2019年）

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2015年，为了配合国际业务的急速增长，大疆创新在香港科技园成立了研发团队[11]。同年12月，深圳市政府直接向大疆批出南山区地铁5号线留仙洞站南面的T501-0078号地段30年地上权；及后，再于2016年12月投得邻近的T501-0081地段，并合并发展为现时正在兴建的新总部-大疆天空之城大厦，由英国建筑师霍朗明设计。

In 2015, DJI eclipsed the success of the Phantom with the Phantom 3, whose even greater popularity was in part due to the addition of a built-in live-streaming camera.[6] DJI is now the largest consumer drone company in the world,[15] driving many of its competitors out of the market.[6] 2015 also marked the beginning of DJI’s RoboMaster Robotics Competition (机甲大师赛), an annual international collegiate robot combat tournament held at the Shenzhen Bay Sports Centre.[16]
【参考译文】2015年，大疆推出了精灵3，其成功超越了精灵系列以往的成绩，其更受欢迎的部分原因是内置了直播相机。[6]大疆如今已成为全球最大的消费级无人机公司，[15]迫使许多竞争对手退出了市场。[6]2015年还标志着大疆机甲大师赛的开始，这是一项每年在深圳湾体育中心举行的国际大学生机器人对战锦标赛。[16]

2015年11月5日，大疆宣布成为哈苏少数股东并进入其董事会，双方建立战略伙伴关系[12]。2017年，大疆取得哈苏多数股权，后者成为大疆旗下子公司；2018年，大疆的新产品Mavic 2 Pro搭载了哈苏的L1D-20C相机[13]。

In 2017, DJI won a Technology and Engineering Emmy Award for its camera drone technology, which was used in the filming of various television shows including The Amazing Race, American Ninja Warrior, Better Call Saul, and Game of Thrones.[19] That same year, Wang became Asia’s youngest tech billionaire,[20] and the world’s first drone billionaire.[21] 
【参考译文】2017年，大疆因其摄像机无人机技术获得技术与工程艾美奖，该技术曾被用于拍摄多部电视节目，包括《极速前进》、《美国忍者勇士》、《绝命毒师前传》和《权力的游戏》。[19]同年，汪滔成为亚洲最年轻的科技亿万富翁，[20]也是全球首位无人机亿万富翁。[21]

2016年，大疆于租用香港铜锣湾TOWER 535面积约10,000平方呎的3层地铺作为香港首家旗舰店，于2016年第3季开业[14]。

Also in 2017, DJI signed a strategic cooperation agreement to provide surveillance drones for use by the Chinese police in Xinjiang.[6]
【参考译文】同样在2017年，大疆签署了一项战略合作协议，为新疆的中国警方提供监控无人机。[6]

数据显示，大疆主导整个无人机市场，在美国和加拿大拥有近三分之二的份额。除业余爱好者外，大疆目标客户还有公用事业公司、执法部门和地产商[15]。

On June 5, 2018, police body cam and Taser maker Axon announced a partnership with DJI to sell surveillance drones to US police departments.[22][23] As of 2020, DJI products were also widely used by US police and fire departments, with about 90% of drones used by public safety agencies coming from DJI.[6][24]
【参考译文】2018年6月5日，警用执法记录仪和泰瑟枪制造商Axon宣布与大疆合作，向美国警方销售监控无人机。[22][23]截至2020年，大疆的产品也被美国警方和消防部门广泛使用，公共安全机构使用的无人机中约90%来自大疆。[6][24]

On January 21, 2019, DJI announced that an internal probe had uncovered “extensive” fraud by some employees who “inflated the costs of parts and materials for certain products for personal financial gain.”[25] DJI estimated the cost of the fraud at “up to CN¥1 billion” (US$147 million), but maintained that the company “did not incur a full-year loss in 2018.”[26]
【参考译文】2019年1月21日，大疆宣布，内部调查发现部分员工存在“大规模”欺诈行为，他们“夸大了某些产品零部件和材料的成本，以谋取个人经济利益”。[25]大疆估计欺诈造成的损失“高达10亿元人民币”（1.47亿美元），但表示公司“2018年全年并未出现亏损”。[26]

1.3 遭遇美国制裁（2020年至今）

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In January 2020, the United States Department of the Interior announced that it would be grounding around 800 drones, which it had been using for wildlife conservation and infrastructure monitoring purposes. By March 2020, DJI had retained 77% of the US market share for consumer drones, with no other company holding more than 4%.[6]
【参考译文】2020年1月，美国内政部宣布，将停飞其用于野生动物保护和基础设施监测的约800架无人机。截至2020年3月，大疆在美国消费级无人机市场的占有率仍为77%，而其他公司无一超过4%。[6]

In 2020, DJI drones were being used by many countries around the world to combat the Coronavirus.[27] In China, DJI drones were used by the police force to remind people to wear masks. In other countries, such as Morocco and Saudi Arabia, their drones were used to disinfect urban areas and monitor human temperatures in order to contain the spread of the Coronavirus.[28]
【参考译文】2020年，世界许多国家都在使用大疆无人机抗击新冠病毒。[27]在中国，警方使用大疆无人机提醒人们戴口罩。在摩洛哥和沙特阿拉伯等其他国家，大疆无人机被用于城市消毒和监测人体温度，以控制新冠病毒的传播。[28]

2020年12月18日，大疆被美国商务部工业和安全局列入实体黑名单[16]。

In June 2022, Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) accepted a probe into the validity of Textron’s patent,[29] as Textron accused DJI of violating its patent regarding aircraft flight control systems for relative positioning to target vehicles and automatic hovering.[30] In April 2023, a US jury found that DJI’s drones with automatic hovering capabilities violated Textron‘s. The federal court ordered DJI to pay $279 million in damages.[31] In a separate legal battle, DJI challenged the Textron patent as invalid on the grounds of obviousness, cited prior art, but PTAB denied the probe request.[32]
【参考译文】2022年6月，专利审判和上诉委员会（PTAB）接受了对德事隆（Textron）专利有效性的调查，[29]因为德事隆指控大疆侵犯了其关于相对目标车辆定位和自动悬停的飞机飞行控制系统的专利。[30]2023年4月，美国一个陪审团裁定，大疆具有自动悬停功能的无人机侵犯了德事隆的专利。联邦法院判令大疆支付2.79亿美元的损害赔偿金。[31]在另一场法律纠纷中，大疆以显而易见为由挑战德事隆专利的有效性，并引用了现有技术，但PTAB拒绝了其调查请求。[32]

2022年10月，大疆列入美国国防部公布的第二批黑名单，认定该公司为军民融合企业，支持中GRMJF军的现代化目标。[5]2024年10月18日，大疆对美国国防部提起诉讼，指控其错误将大疆列入涉嫌与中国军方合作的企业名单。[17]

2. 公司结构 | Corporate structure

In 2018, DJI raised roughly $1 billion in funds in preparation for an envisioned IPO on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.[33] As of July 2020, these rumors persisted with no indication that an IPO was forthcoming.[34] The company had previously raised $500 million in a 2015 funding round from investors including state-owned New China Life Insurance, GIC, and New Horizon Capital, the latter being co-founded by the son of China’s former premier minister, Wen Jiabao.[35]
【参考译文】2018年，大疆筹集约10亿美元资金，为计划中的香港证券交易所首次公开募股（IPO）做准备。[33]截至2020年7月，这些传言仍在流传，但并无迹象表明IPO即将进行。[34]此前，该公司曾在2015年的一轮融资中筹集了5亿美元，投资者包括国有企业中国人寿保险、新加坡政府投资公司（GIC）和新天际资本，后者由中国前总理温jia1宝之子共同创立。[35]

DJI has also received investment from Shanghai Venture Capital Co., SDIC Unity Capital, owned by the State Development and Investment Corporation, and China Chengtong Holdings Group, owned by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council.[36] DJI denies they are a state-owned company, citing state-affiliated investor counts less than six percent of the company ownership and less with less than 1% voting rights.[37]
【参考译文】大疆还获得了上海创业投资有限公司、国家开发投资公司旗下的国投创新资本管理有限公司以及国务院国有资产监督管理委员会旗下的中国诚通控股集团有限公司的投资。[36]大疆否认自己是国有企业，称国有附属投资者的持股比例不到公司股权的6%，且投票权不到1%。[37]

DJI counts roughly 14,000 employees and has 17 offices internationally.[38] The company is known for having a very difficult hiring process as well as an extremely competitive internal culture where teams are often pitted against each other to design better products.[6]
【参考译文】大疆约有14,000名员工，在全球设有17个办事处。[38]该公司以招聘过程极为严格以及内部文化极具竞争力而闻名，团队之间经常相互竞争，以设计出更好的产品。[6]

DJI’s factories in Shenzhen include highly sophisticated automated assembly lines. Many of the components for these assembly lines are built in-house.[6]
【参考译文】大疆位于深圳的工厂拥有高度先进的自动化装配线。这些装配线的许多组件都是内部制造的。[6]

3. 产品 | Products

主条目：大疆创新产品列表

3.1 消费级航拍飞行器

3.1.1 Inspire（悟）

The Inspire series is a professional series of camera quadcopters similar to the Phantom line, but with an aluminium-magnesium body with carbon fibre arms, as well as detachable props on the Inspire 2. It was presented in 2017.[49]
【参考译文】Inspire 系列是一系列专业的摄像四轴飞行器，类似于 Phantom 系列，但采用铝镁合金机身，配备碳纤维机臂，以及 Inspire 2 上的可拆卸桨叶。它于 2017 年推出。[49]

针对电影拍摄等高端需求推出的一体化飞行平台，目前产品有：

• Inspire 1
• Inspire Pro/RAW
• Inspire 2
• Inspire 3

3.1.2 Phantom（精灵）

Main article: Phantom (unmanned aerial vehicle series)【主条目：幻影（无人机系列）】

Phantom（精灵）为大疆公司前代的主流消费级机型，自3代开始配置相机[18]。

The Phantom (精灵) series has evolved to integrate flight programming with a camera, Wi-Fi or Lightbridge connectivity, and the pilot’s mobile device.[39] Phantoms are made for aerial cinematography and photography applications,[40] but they are also used for recreational purposes.[41]
【参考译文】Phantom系列无人机已经发展到将飞行编程与摄像头、Wi-Fi或Lightbridge连接以及飞行员的移动设备集成在一起。[39]Phantoms是为航空摄影和摄影应用而制造的，[40]但它们也用于娱乐目的。[41]

• Phantom
• Phantom 2
• Phantom 3 Standard
• Phantom 3 Advanced
• Phantom 3 Professional
• Phantom 3 SE
• Phantom 4
• Phantom 4 Advanced
• Phantom 4 Pro
• Phantom 4 Pro V2.0

3.1.3 便携型无人机

2016年开始，大疆公司针对性地推出了相比Phantom系列更轻便的无人机，并包含多种定位类型机器，逐渐成为了大疆的主流机型。

（1）Mavic系列（御）

• Mavic Pro 2016
• Mavic 2 Pro 2018
• Mavic 2 Zoom 2018
• Mavic 2 Enterprise 2018
• Mavic 2 Enterprise Dual 2018
• Mavic 3 2021
• Mavic 3 2022
• Mavic 3 Cine 2022
• Mavic 3 Classic 2022
• Mavic 3 Pro 2023
• Mavic 3 Pro Cine 2023

（2）Spark系列

• Spark 2017

Released in May 2017, the Spark (晓) features a 12-megapixel camera stabilized mechanically by a 2-axis gimbal. The Spark also carries an advanced infrared 3D camera that helps the drone detect obstacles in front of it as well as facilitate hand-gesture control. In addition to a smartphone app with a virtual controller, a physical controller can also be bought.[42]
【参考译文】Spark (晓) 于 2017 年 5 月发布，配备 1200 万像素摄像头，由 2 轴万向节机械稳定。Spark 还配备了先进的红外 3D 摄像头，可帮助无人机检测前方的障碍物，并方便手势控制。除了带有虚拟控制器的智能手机应用程序外，还可以购买物理控制器。[42]

There have been multiple complaints that the drone switches off and falls while flying.[43] DJI responded to this by releasing a mandatory battery firmware update in August 2017.[44]
【参考译文】 有多个投诉称无人机在飞行过程中关闭并坠落。[43] 大疆对此作出回应，于 2017 年 8 月发布了强制性电池固件更新。[44]

（3）Mavic

Main articles【主条目】: DJI Mavic, DJI Air, and DJI Mini

The Mavic (御) series currently includes Mavic Pro, Mavic Pro Platinum, Mavic Air, Mavic Air 2, Air 2S, Mavic 2 Pro, Mavic 2 Zoom, Mavic 2 Enterprise, Mavic 2 Enterprise Advanced, Mavic 3, Mavic 3 Cine, Mavic 3 Pro, Mavic 3 Pro Cine, Mavic 3 Classic, Mavic Mini, Mini SE, Mini 2, Mini 3, Mini 3 Pro, and Mini 4 Pro. The release of the Mavic Air 2 was not without controversy, however, as DJI announced that a key safety feature, AirSense (ADS-B), would not be available on models outside the US.[45] Shortages on components and complexities of production owing to the ongoing COVID-19 crisis at the time were blamed.
【参考译文】“御”系列目前包括Mavic Pro、Mavic Pro Platinum、Mavic Air、Mavic Air 2、Air 2S、Mavic 2 Pro、Mavic 2 Zoom、Mavic 2 Enterprise、Mavic 2 Enterprise Advanced、Mavic 3、Mavic 3 Cine、Mavic 3 Pro、Mavic 3 Pro Cine、Mavic 3 Classic、Mavic Mini、Mini SE、Mini 2、Mini 3、Mini 3 Pro和Mini 4 Pro。然而，Mavic Air 2的发布并非毫无争议，因为大疆宣布，一项关键的安全功能AirSense（ADS-B）将不会在美国以外的机型上提供。[45]当时，持续的新冠疫情危机导致的零部件短缺和生产复杂性被归咎为原因。

Starting with the Mini 2, the Mavic name was dropped from most of the new models, such as the Air 2S and the Mini SE.
【参考译文】从Mini 2开始，“御”这个名称不再出现在大多数新机型中，如Air 2S和Mini SE。

DJI released the Air 2S on April 15, 2021.[46]
【参考译文】大疆于2021年4月15日发布了Air 2S。[46]

The DJI Mavic 3 and the Mavic 3 Cine were released on November 4, 2021. The Mavic 3 superseded the Mavic 2 Pro and the Mavic 2 Zoom and was priced for prosumers and professionals more than hobbyists. The Mavic 3 Enterprise and Mavic 3 Thermal were released on September 27, 2022, and superseded the Phantom 4 RTK and Mavic 2 Enterprise Advanced drones in surveying, inspection, safety, and rescue tasks.[47] The DJI Mavic 3 Pro and Pro Cine were released in May 2023, with both versions having three cameras.[48]
【参考译文】大疆于2021年11月4日发布了Mavic 3和Mavic 3 Cine。Mavic 3取代了Mavic 2 Pro和Mavic 2 Zoom，其定价更适合专业消费者和专业人士，而非仅针对爱好者。2022年9月27日，大疆发布了Mavic 3 Enterprise和Mavic 3 Thermal，这两款机型在测绘、检查、安全和救援任务中取代了Phantom 4 RTK和Mavic 2 Enterprise Advanced无人机。[47]2023年5月，大疆发布了Mavic 3 Pro和Pro Cine，这两个版本均配备三个摄像头。[48]

• Air系列
  • Mavic Air 2018
  • Mavic Air 2 2020
  • Air 2S 2021
  • Air 3 2023
  • Air 3S 2024

• Mini系列
  • Mavic Mini 2019
  • Mini 2 2020
  • Mini SE 2021
  • Mini 3 Pro 2022
  • Mini 3 2022
  • Mini 2 SE 2022
  • Mini 4 Pro 2023
  • Mini 4K 2024

（5）FPV系列

• DJI FPV 2021

The DJI FPV series are head-mounted displays designed for FPV drone flying. There are two different product lines in the FPV series, the DJI Goggles (DJI飞行眼镜) and the Digital FPV System (FPV数字图传系统). The DJI Goggles are designed to interface with DJI-branded drones, using dual LC display screens, wireless connectivity and direct photo and video capture control. In November 2017, DJI also released DJI Goggles RE (“Racing Edition”), which featured compatibility with racing quadcopters.[65]
【参考译文】DJI FPV系列是为FPV（第一人称视角）无人机飞行设计的头戴式显示器。FPV系列包含两条不同的产品线，即DJI Goggles（DJI飞行眼镜）和Digital FPV System（FPV数字图传系统）。DJI Goggles设计为与DJI品牌的无人机接口，采用双LCD显示屏、无线连接以及直接的照片和视频拍摄控制功能。2017年11月，DJI还发布了DJI Goggles RE（“竞速版”），该版本与竞速四旋翼无人机兼容。[65]

（6）Avata系列

• Dji Avata 2023
• Dji Avata 2 2024

（7）NEO系列

• DJI NEO 2024

（8）FLIP系列

• Dji Flip 2025

3.2 手持拍摄系列 | Stabilized cameras

3.2.1 手持云台

Main article【主条目】: DJI Osmo

The original Osmo (灵眸) is a camcorder developed by DJI. The camera uses a smartphone to view camera footage and can record 4K and take either 12–16 MP stills.
【参考译文】原款Osmo（灵眸）是大疆开发的一款摄像机。该摄像机使用智能手机查看拍摄画面，能够录制4K视频，并拍摄12~16兆像素的静态照片。

The first-generation Osmo Mobile was released on September 1, 2016, as a smartphone gimbal that relies on the user’s smartphone as the camera. It uses three-axis stabilization and SmoothTrack™ technology to compensate for camera shake and deliver smooth, stabilized video footage.[56]
【参考译文】第一代Osmo Mobile于2016年9月1日发布，作为一款智能手机云台，它依靠用户的智能手机作为相机。它采用三轴稳定和SmoothTrack™技术来补偿相机抖动，拍摄出平滑、稳定的视频画面。[56]

The Osmo Mobile 6, launched on September 2, 2022, builds on its predecessors by introducing a built-in status panel, a side wheel for zoom and focus control, the ActiveTrack 5.0 subject-tracking feature, and Quick Launch functionality for iPhones.[57]
【参考译文】2022年9月2日发布的Osmo Mobile 6在其前代的基础上进行了升级，引入了内置状态面板、用于缩放和对焦控制的侧轮、ActiveTrack 5.0主体跟踪功能，以及针对iPhone的快速启动功能。[57]

Less than a year after the release of the Osmo Mobile 6, the Osmo Mobile SE was introduced as a more affordable alternative. It offers a foldable design, a built-in extension rod, and a larger 2,600mAh battery, but lacks the side wheel and Quick Launch feature.[58]
【参考译文】Osmo Mobile 6发布不到一年，Osmo Mobile SE作为更经济实惠的替代品问世。它采用可折叠设计，内置延伸杆，并配备更大的2600毫安时电池，但缺少侧轮和快速启动功能。[58]

• Osmo Mobile
• Osmo Mobile 2
• Osmo Mobile 3
• OM 4
• OM 4 SE
• OM 5
• OM 6
• OM SE

3.2.2 Osmo Pocket系列

• Osmo Pocket
• Osmo Pocket 2
• Osmo Pocket 3

The Osmo Pocket was released on December 15, 2018. It integrates a 4K60fps camera with a 3-axis gimbal in a pocket-sized, handheld design.[59]
【参考译文】Osmo Pocket于2018年12月15日发布。它将一台支持4K60fps拍摄的相机与三轴云台集成在一个口袋大小的手持设备中。[59]

The second-generation Pocket 2, announced on October 20, 2020, introduced improvements such as a larger 1/1.7-inch sensor, the DJI Matrix Stereo audio system, a modular design, and up to 8x zoom.[60]
【参考译文】2020年10月20日发布的第二代产品Pocket 2带来了诸多改进，如更大的1/1.7英寸传感器、DJI Matrix立体声音频系统、模块化设计，以及最高8倍变焦功能。[60]

The Osmo Pocket 3 was launched on October 25, 2023. It is a pocket-sized gimbal camera featuring a large 1-inch sensor optimized for low light, a 2-inch OLED touchscreen, and professional 10-bit D-Log M and 10-bit HLG color modes.[61]
【参考译文】Osmo Pocket 3于2023年10月25日发布。这是一款口袋大小的云台相机，配备优化的1英寸大底传感器（适合低光环境），2英寸OLED触摸屏，以及专业级的10位D-Log M和10位HLG色彩模式。[61]

3.2.3 Osmo Action系列

• Osmo Action
• Osmo Action 2
• Osmo Action 3
• Osmo Action 4
• Osmo Action 5 pro

This first-generation Osmo Action was introduced on May 15, 2019, as a compact and durable action camera with 4K resolution, dual color screens, and RockSteady image stabilization technology.[62]
【参考译文】第一代Osmo Action于2019年5月15日发布，是一款紧凑且耐用的运动相机，具备4K分辨率、双彩色屏幕和RockSteady图像稳定技术。[62]

Osmo Action 4 was released on August 2, 2023, featuring a 1/1.3” sensor, 10-bit D-Log M color mode, and a new magnetic-quick release design.[63]
【参考译文】Osmo Action 4于2023年8月2日发布，配备1/1.3”传感器、10位D-Log M色彩模式，以及全新的磁性快拆设计。[63]

Osmo Action 5 Pro were released on September 19, 2024. It comes with 47GB internal storage, supports HLG, and is dive-rated to 20m underwater with a new depth/altitude gauge feature.[64]
【参考译文】Osmo Action 5 Pro于2024年9月19日发布。它内置47GB存储空间，支持HLG，并且具有新的深度/高度计功能，水下潜水深度可达20米。[64]

3.2.4 专业应用

Main article【主条目】: DJI Ronin

• Ronin（如影）
• Ronin M（如影 M）
• Ronin MX（如影 MX）
• Ronin-2（如影 2）
• Ronin-S（如影 S）
• Ronin-SC（如影 SC）
• RS 2（如影 S2）
• RS C2（如影 SC2）
• DJI RONIN 4D – 6K
• RS 3
• RS 3 Pro
• RS 3 Mini
• DJI RONIN 4D – 8K
• RS 4
• RS 4 Pro

The Ronin (如影) is a standalone ground-based camera platform developed for cinematography and aerial filmmaking in professional environments. It is built for professional videography and photography and targets the film industry. By using three individual motors, Ronin stabilizes when moving vigorously. Later models of the Ronin include the Ronin-M, Ronin 2, Ronin-S, Ronin-SC, Ronin 4D, Ronin-S3, S3 Pro, and S3 Mini.[54][55]
【参考译文】“如影”是一款独立的地面相机平台，专为专业环境中的电影摄影和航空拍摄而开发。它面向专业视频制作和摄影领域，目标用户为电影行业。通过使用三个独立的电机，“如影”能够在剧烈运动时保持稳定。后来的“如影”型号包括Ronin-M、Ronin 2、Ronin-S、Ronin-SC、Ronin 4D、Ronin-S3、S3 Pro和S3 Mini。[54][55]

3.3 拍摄模块

ZENMUSE系列（禅思)-配合 Inspire 系列产品:

• M1
• X3
• X4
• z3
• z30
• XT
• X5
• X5R
• X5S
• Z15
• X7
• X9

3.4 麦克风

• DJI MIC
• DJI MIC 2
• DJI MIC Mini

3.5 行业应用无人机

产品有：

• MG-1农业植保机
• MG-1S农业植保机
• MG-1S RTK农业植保机
• MG-1S Advanced农业植保机
• MG-1P农业植保机
• MG-1P RTK农业植保机
• T16.2018 农业植保机
• T20.2019 农业植保机
• T10.T30.2020 农业植保机
• T20P.T40.2021 农业植保机
• Mavic 2 Enterprise
• Mavic 2 Enterprise Dual （搭载FLIR制造的热成像传感器）

• Mavic 2 Enterprise Advance

• Mavic 3T
• Mavic 3E
• Mavic 3M
• Matrice 100
• Matrice 200
• Matrice 200 v2
• Matrice 200 v2 RTK
• Matrice 300 RTK
• Matrice 350 RTK
• Matrice 30
• Matrice 30T
• Matrice 3D
• Matrice 3TD
• DJI DOCK
• DJI DOCK 2
• Spreading Wings S空中机台（斤斗云S系）

3.5.1 Spreading Wings

The Spreading Wings (筋斗云) series are mainly industrial UAVs for professional aerial photography, high-definition 3D mapping, ultra-light search and rescue, and surveillance etc. based on camera gear on board. In 2013, two models were released: S800 regular and EVO.[citation needed]
【参考译文】“筋斗云”系列主要是面向专业领域的工业无人机，用于航空摄影、高清3D测绘、超轻型搜救以及监控等任务，这些功能均基于其搭载的相机设备。2013年，该系列发布了两款型号：S800标准版和EVO。[需要引用]

3.5.2 Matrice

The Matrice (经纬) series is designed for industrial applications, including surveying, inspection, search and rescue and firefighting.[50]
【参考译文】“经纬”系列专为工业应用而设计，包括测绘、检查、搜救和消防等任务。[50]

The Matrice 100 is a fully programmable and customizable drone, launched on July 6, 2015.[51] It has expansion bay and communication ports, which allows developers to add additional components for different purposes.[52]
【参考译文】经纬100是一款完全可编程和可定制的无人机，于2015年7月6日发布。[51]它设有扩展槽和通信端口，允许开发人员为不同目的添加额外组件。[52]

Agras is DJI’s agricultural drone series with a takeoff weight of 25–80 kg. These drones are used for spraying crops. Agras models have environmental protection and have IP67 rating for core parts and IP54 rating for batteries.[53]
【参考译文】Agras是大疆的农业无人机系列，起飞重量为25~80公斤。这些无人机用于农作物喷洒。Agras机型具备环保特性，其核心部件达到IP67防护等级，电池达到IP54防护等级。[53]

3.6 改装、开发者平台

• MATRICE 100（经纬 M100）
• MATRICE 600（经纬 M600）
• DJI O3 Air Unit（O3天空端）
• DJI O4 Air Unit（O4天空端）
• Aeroscope-无人机监控系统
• 飞控:A2 N3 NAZA

3.7 App

• GS Pro
• DJI MG
• DJI Pilot
• DJI GO
• DJI GO 4
• DJI GS RTK
• DJI Pilot 2
• DJI MIMO
• DJI Fly
• DJI Virtual Flight
• DJI RoboMaster
• DJI Tello

3.8 教育用机器人 | Educational robots

Main article: RoboMaster § RoboMaster_S1【主条目：“RoboMaster”词条的“RoboMaster S1”章节】

3.8.1 RoboMaster S1

On 11 June 2019, DJI unveiled the RoboMaster S1 (机甲大师 S1), its first consumer ground drone, named after DJI’s annual RoboMaster robot combat competition, of which it is now an unofficial mascot. The S1 is a tank-like rover remotely controlled in first-person view via Wi-Fi and an app on Microsoft Windows, Apple iOS or Google Android mobile devices. Designed to be an “advanced educational robot”, the user has to assemble the S1 out of the box from loose parts and learn to program its AI functionality. Both Scratch and Python are programming languages employed by DJI along with app learning modules to teach the end user how to code.[66]
【参考译文】2019年6月11日，大疆发布了其首款消费级地面无人机RoboMaster S1（机甲大师S1），该产品以大疆每年举办的RoboMaster机器人对战赛命名，现已成为该赛事的非官方吉祥物。S1是一款类似坦克的漫游车，可通过Wi-Fi以及Microsoft Windows、Apple iOS或Google Android移动设备上的应用程序进行第一人称视角的远程控制。S1被设计为“高级教育机器人”，用户需要从散装零件中自行组装，并学习如何编程其AI功能。大疆采用了Scratch和Python两种编程语言，以及应用程序学习模块，来教授终端用户如何编写代码。[66]

3.8.2 RoboMaster EP

The DJI RoboMaster EP (机甲大师 EP) was officially released on March 9, 2020, although it was first teased in a YouTube RoboMaster S1 commercial on November 25, 2019.[citation needed]
【参考译文】DJI RoboMaster EP（机甲大师EP）于2020年3月9日正式发布，尽管早在2019年11月25日的YouTube RoboMaster S1广告中就曾对其进行过预告。[需要引用]

The EP supports more than 20 third-party sensors and open-source hardware such as Micro Bit, Arduino and Raspberry Pi.[67]
【参考译文】EP支持20多种第三方传感器和开源硬件，如Micro Bit、Arduino和Raspberry Pi。[67]

4. 相关事业

随着航拍影响力逐渐提升，公司赞助鼓励年轻人参与机器人比赛、无人机竞速、航拍比赛等，并在无人机本业上也逐渐踏入专业领域。其中包括2015年担任主投资方，主办全国大学生机器人大赛中的机甲大师（RoboMaster）联赛，该比赛是一种非破坏性机器人遥控对战比赛^[19]

2018年起另举办面向社会大众和企业团体的RoboMaster人工智能挑战赛，获得IEEE机器人和自动化国际会议协办^[20]。

2017年，大疆收购了哈苏，并已经成为公司的主要控股股东，目前独立运作该品牌^[21]。

大疆现在也积极投入造车领域，模式仍在摸索^[22]，并与五菱达成战略合作^[23]。

5. 争议 | Controversies

5.1 美国的隐私和安全问题 | Privacy and security concerns in the United States

The United States Department of the Interior‘s Office of Aviation Services said in their analysis in July 2017 that DJI’s software did not meet their information-sharing requirements.^[68] Later, DJI added Local Data Mode, which allows its drones to fly offline without transferring data over the internet.^[69]
【参考译文】美国内政部航空服务办公室在2017年7月的分析中表示，大疆（DJI）的软件不符合其信息共享要求。[68]之后，大疆增加了本地数据模式，使无人机可以在不通过互联网传输数据的情况下离线飞行。[69]

由于存在内建后门等资讯安全疑虑，美国军方于2017年8月宣布立即停止并弃用所有大疆产品^[24]，大疆则以升级隐私模式回应，但强调与飞行安全相关的重要数据也会停止传送。

The Register reported in August 2017 that the DJI GO app contained the JSPatch framework, which allowed DJI to hot-patch the app without triggering a review by Apple, or without first seeking user consent. This was against Apple’s rules, and 45,000 apps were blocked from the App Store because of “hot patching concerns”.^[70] In August, the United States Army also changed its internal guidance on disallowing the use of DJI products, especially in battlefield scenarios. Guidance was based on an Army Research Laboratory report from May 2017, which found cyber vulnerabilities.^[71][72] The US Army’s decision launched public research, where it was speculated that the decision was because the data link between the controller and the drone was vulnerable.^[73]
【参考译文】《The Register》在2017年8月报道，大疆GO应用程序包含了JSPatch框架，这使得大疆可以在不触发苹果审核或事先征得用户同意的情况下对应用程序进行热补丁更新。这违反了苹果的规定，并且有45,000款应用程序因为“热补丁问题”被App Store下架。[70]同年8月，美国陆军也更改了其内部关于禁止使用大疆产品的指导，尤其是在战场环境中。这一指导是基于美国陆军研究实验室2017年5月的一份报告，该报告发现了网络安全漏洞。[71][72]美国陆军的决定引发了公众研究，人们推测这一决定是因为控制器与无人机之间的数据链路存在漏洞。[73]

In 2017, DJI launched a bug bounty program, enlisting third-party and white hat hackers to find flaws,^[74] which was relatively novel for the large organizations at the time. However, the DJI team didn’t properly set up rules regarding non-disclosure agreements and was overwhelmed with the reported issues.^[75] The ill-prepared program resulted in miscommunication between DJI and security researchers, such as Kevin Finisterre.^[75] Finisterre decided to turn down the $30,000 bounty and disclosed the security breach he found.^[75] In the breach, DJI accidentally published its SSL certificate on GitHub.^[76] The program ended in a public relations crisis, and led DJI to modify its terms and conditions for the bounty program.^[74]
【参考译文】2017年，大疆推出了漏洞悬赏计划，招募第三方和白帽黑客来寻找漏洞，[74]这在当时的大型组织中算是比较新颖的举措。然而，大疆团队没有就保密协议制定适当的规则，因此被报告的问题数量多得让他们应接不暇。[75]这一准备不足的计划导致大疆与安全研究人员（如Kevin Finisterre）之间沟通不畅。[75]Finisterre决定拒绝3万美元的悬赏，并公开了他发现的这一安全漏洞。[75]在这一漏洞事件中，大疆意外地在GitHub上公布了其SSL证书。[76]这一事件引发了公关危机，并促使大疆修改了漏洞悬赏计划的条款和条件。[74]

In 2018, in response to the allegations of mishandling user data, DJI commissioned Kivu Consulting to make a larger analysis. Kivu found that only the DJI GO 4 app was connected to the Internet; it worked without an Internet connection and only uploaded data after user confirmation. It also used servers that were located in the US, except for the crash reporting app called Bugly, which uploaded crash reports to a server located in China.^[71]
【参考译文】2018年，针对关于用户数据处理不当的指控，大疆委托Kivu Consulting进行了一项更深入的分析。Kivu发现，只有大疆GO 4应用程序会连接到互联网；它可以在没有网络连接的情况下工作，并且只有在用户确认后才会上传数据。它还使用了位于美国的服务器，但有一个名为Bugly的崩溃报告应用程序除外，该应用程序会将崩溃报告上传到位于中国的服务器上。[71]

2019年5月20日，美国CNN网站报道称，美国国土安全部对来自中国的无人机品牌发布了一份“警告”，称“中国制造的无人机存在将敏感的用户信息传回到中国，进而被中国政府获取的嫌疑”。虽然这份“警告”并未具体明确企业的名称，但CNN认为，美国国土安全部将大疆作为打击目标。为此，大疆作出回应，表示“大疆创新的安全性已经在全球得到反复验证，其中也包括美国政府和美国领先企业的独立验证，用户使用产品时所生产、存储和传输的数据都完全由用户掌握”^[25]。

In January 2020, the United States Department of the Interior (DOI) announced that it would be grounding around 800 DJI drones over security concerns, which it had been using for wildlife conservation and infrastructure monitoring purposes.^[77]
【参考译文】2020年1月，美国内政部（DOI）宣布，由于安全方面的考虑，将停飞其用于野生动物保护和基础设施监测的约800架大疆无人机。[77]

In May 2020, River Loop Security claimed DJI’s Mimo app for controlling Osmo gimbals, had security concerns for users and policy-makers.^[78] These claims were reiterated by Parrot SA when launching their new product. DJI countered the analysis, calling it “inaccurate, outdated, and sensationalized”.^[79]
【参考译文】2020年5月，River Loop Security声称，大疆用于控制Osmo云台的Mimo应用程序存在用户和政策制定者关心的安全问题。[78]在推出新产品时，Parrot SA重申了这些主张。大疆对这一分析进行了反驳，称其“不准确、过时且耸人听闻”。[79]

In July 2020, the two separate reports by Synacktiv and GRIMM suggested that the Android version of the DJI GO 4 had potential security vulnerabilities that allowed the collection of smartphone IMSI and IMEI numbers, as well as bypassing the Google Play Store. The app also integrated Weibo SDK, allowing the installation of Weibo-related third-party apps.^[80][81] Although researchers found no evidence that any information was collected and sent to China or any backdoor,^[81] these reports boosted the espionage allegations from the US government.^[82]
【参考译文】2020年7月，Synacktiv和GRIMM分别发布的两份报告指出，大疆GO 4的Android版本存在潜在的安全漏洞，可能会收集智能手机的IMSI和IMEI号码，并且能够绕过Google Play商店。该应用程序还集成了微博SDK，允许安装与微博相关的第三方应用程序。[80][81]尽管研究人员没有发现任何信息被收集并发送到中国或存在任何后门程序的证据，[81]但这些报告加剧了美国政府关于间谍活动的指控。[82]

DJI responded that the report described “typical software concerns” and stated that there was no evidence of vulnerabilities being exploited before or records of unexpected data transmission on their product designed for government and professional customers.^[81] DJI also stated that the “forced update” function was required to comply with critical safety features like geofencing or altitude restrictions. The function was used to detect illegal modifications to the app and to reinstall the latest version directly from the official website to prevent hackers from overriding safety features.^[81][83] In the statement release, DJI also said Weibo SDK could only be proactively turned on by the user.^[83][84] Industry journalist Scott Simmie suggested that the Achilles’ heel of DJI is its country of origin, and repeated unsubstantiated claims of its security vulnerabilities forced the company into a defensive posture.^[85] The author also noted that the concern of the Chinese government requesting data from DJI was theoretical, as there was no evidence of malicious activities found;^[85] Simmie, based on circumstantial evidence, further speculated a collective campaign targeting DJI was formed to deliberately damage the company’s reputation.^[85]
【参考译文】大疆回应称，该报告所描述的是“典型的软件问题”，并指出没有证据表明其针对政府和专业客户设计的产品之前被利用过漏洞，也没有记录显示有意外数据传输。[81]大疆还表示，“强制更新”功能是为了遵守地理围栏或高度限制等关键安全功能而必需的。该功能用于检测应用程序的非法修改，并直接从官方网站重新安装最新版本，以防止黑客覆盖安全功能。[81][83]在声明中，大疆还表示，微博SDK只能由用户主动启用。[83][84]行业记者斯科特·西姆米认为，大疆的阿喀琉斯之踵在于其原产国，而一再提出毫无根据的安全漏洞指控迫使该公司采取守势。[85]作者还指出，中国政府要求大疆提供数据的担忧只是理论上的，因为没有发现恶意活动的证据；[85]西姆米根据间接证据进一步推测，有人组织了一场针对大疆的集体行动，蓄意损害该公司的声誉。[85]

A 2020 analysis by Booz Allen Hamilton reported that they did not find evidence of unauthorized data transfers to China. The various apps used backend servers located in the US. The only exception was the crash analytics, which connected to Chinese servers.^[86]
【参考译文】2020年，Booz Allen Hamilton的分析报告称，他们没有发现数据被非法传输到中国的证据。各种应用程序使用的后端服务器都位于美国。唯一的例外是崩溃分析，它会连接到中国的服务器。[86]

In November 2020, senators Chris Coons, Rick Scott, and others criticized a decision by the United States Air Force to purchase DJI drones on security grounds.^[87]
【参考译文】2020年11月，参议员克里斯·库恩、里克·斯科特等人以安全为由，批评了美国空军购买大疆无人机的决定。[87]

2021年6月1日，据美国《国会山报》报道，大疆无人机通过美国国防部安全审查，获准使用^[26]。

The prospect of a complete ban on DJI drones in the United States was controversial for many reasons. Primary concerns included disruption to the manufacturing ecosystem, delaying technology development, and causing humanitarian, policy, and ethics issues.^[88][89]
【参考译文】在美国全面禁止大疆无人机的前景因多种原因而备受争议。主要的担忧包括破坏制造业生态系统、延缓技术发展以及引发人道主义、政策和伦理问题。[88][89]

In March 2023, during a Senate Committee meeting, Florida state senator Jason Pizzo accused Blue sUAS, a government program, and Florida Department of Management Services Secretary Pedro Allende of accepting aggressive lobbying from Skydio and limiting DJI from market competition despite no proven evidence of DJI drones sending data to any unknown source while in operation.^[90] In February 2024, reports found Skydio, BRINC Drones, and the Association for Uncrewed Vehicle Systems International paid lobbying efforts to the United States government to establish legislation for banning DJI.^[91]
【参考译文】2023年3月，在一次参议院委员会会议上，佛罗里达州参议员杰森·皮佐指责一项名为Blue sUAS的政府计划以及佛罗里达州管理服务部秘书长佩德罗·阿连德接受了Skydio的积极游说，并限制大疆参与市场竞争，尽管没有证据表明大疆无人机在运行时向任何未知来源发送数据。[90]2024年2月，有报道称，Skydio、BRINC Drones和美国无人机系统国际协会向美国政府进行了游说，以推动制定禁止大疆的立法。[91]

In April 2024, DJI launched a Trust Center that publishes updates on third-party audits and certifications, along with information on security measures and privacy controls implemented in its drones.^[92]
【参考译文】2024年4月，大疆推出了一个信任中心，该中心会发布第三方审核和认证的更新信息，以及有关其无人机实施的安全措施和隐私控制的信息。[92]

In May 2024, concerns were raised about DJI designs, parts, and software being licensed to Anzu Robotics, a drone company based in Texas.^[93] In August 2024, the United States House Select Committee on Strategic Competition between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party began a probe into Anzu Robotics, calling Anzu a “passthrough company” used to “avoid current and anticipated U.S. restrictions on DJI products”.^[94] In September 2024, DJI denied the allegations and stated that Anzu Robotics is not affiliated with the company, and their relationship is limited to a standard technology licensing agreement.^[95]
【参考译文】2024年5月，有人对大疆将其设计、零部件和软件授权给总部位于德克萨斯州的无人机公司Anzu Robotics表示担忧。[93]2024年8月，美国众议院美中战略竞争特别委员会开始对Anzu Robotics进行调查，称Anzu为“中转公司”，用于“规避当前和预期中的美国对大疆产品的限制”。[94]2024年9月，大疆否认了这些指控，并声明Anzu Robotics与该公司没有隶属关系，他们的关系仅限于一份标准的技术授权协议。[95]

In September 2024, the United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) reported that restrictions on the use of DJI drones negatively impacted the Department of Interior’s operations as well as those of its partners, such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and academic institutions, which have different compliance policies. The DOI did not ban the use of existing DJI drones for emergency flights, such as managing wildfires, and expanded this allowance to include nonemergency use after determining the security risks were sufficiently low. As of June 2024, procuring new DJI drones was still prohibited except for wildfire management and search and rescue purposes.^[96][97]
【参考译文】2024年9月，美国政府问责办公室（GAO）报告称，对大疆无人机使用的限制对内政部及其合作伙伴（如国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA））以及学术机构的运营产生了负面影响，因为这些机构有不同的合规政策。内政部没有禁止在紧急飞行（如管理野火）中使用现有的大疆无人机，并在确定安全风险足够低后，将这一允许范围扩大到了非紧急用途。截至2024年6月，除野火管理和搜救目的外，仍禁止采购新的大疆无人机。[96][97]

A 2024 analysis by FTI Consulting supports the conclusion that “all first-party data transmissions, or transmissions to DJI owned infrastructure, resided within the United States.” The report says that DJI employs certificate pinning and Transport Layer Security (TLS) to secure data streams. Its Restricted Network Mode (RNM) and Local Data Mode (LDM) reduced or eliminated information sharing over the network.^[98]
【参考译文】2024年，FTI Consulting的分析支持了以下结论：“所有第一方数据传输或传输到大疆拥有的基础设施的数据都驻留在美国境内。”该报告称，大疆采用证书固定和传输层安全（TLS）协议来保护数据流。其受限网络模式（RNM）和本地数据模式（LDM）减少了或消除了通过网络的信息共享。[98]

In January 2025, DJI released an update that permitted its products to fly over previously restricted areas such as military bases, runways, or power plants.^[99][100]
【参考译文】2025年1月，大疆发布了一项更新，允许其产品飞越之前受限制的区域，如军事基地、（飞机）跑道或发电厂。[99][100]

5.1.1 美国的制裁 | US sanctions

See also: United States sanctions against China and Military-civil fusion
【另请参阅：美国对中国的制裁和军民融合】

In December 2020, the United States Department of Commerce added DJI to the Bureau of Industry and Security‘s Entity List.^[101][102] In January 2021, President Trump signed an executive order mandating the removal of Chinese-made drones from U.S. government fleets.^[103] In December 2021, the United States Department of the Treasury prohibited investment in DJI by US individuals and entities, accusing the company of assisting the People’s Liberation Army and being complicit in aiding the persecution of Uyghurs.^[11]
【参考译文】2020年12月，美国商务部将大疆列入产业安全局的实体清单。[101][102]2021年1月，特朗普总统签署了一项行政命令，要求从美国政府舰队中移除中国制造的无人机。[103]2021年12月，美国财政部禁止美国个人和实体对大疆进行投资，指责该公司协助中国人民解放军，并涉嫌协助迫害维吾尔族人。[11]

In October 2022, the United States Department of Defense added DJI to a list of “Chinese military companies” operating in the U.S.^[104] In October 2024, DJI filed a lawsuit against the U.S. Department of Defense in an attempt to have the designation removed.^[105]
【参考译文】2022年10月，美国国防部将大疆列入在美国运营的“中国军事公司”名单。[104]2024年10月，大疆对美国国防部提起诉讼，试图取消这一指定。[105]

In 2023, DJI, had enlisted lobbying firms Subject Matter (who later changed their name to Avoq), Vogel Group, and CLS Strategies to address U.S. restrictions and challenges.^[106] Amid debates on Chinese client representation, Vogel Group and Avoq ceased representation in February 2024, while CLS Strategies continued to advocate for DJI. Law firms Sidley Austin and Porter Wright Morris & Arthur, along with Liberty Government Affairs led by Brian Darling, also supported DJI in lobbying efforts.^[107][108]
【参考译文】2023年，大疆聘请了游说公司Subject Matter（后更名为Avoq）、Vogel Group和CLS Strategies来应对美国的限制和挑战。[106]在中国客户代理问题的辩论中，Vogel Group和Avoq于2024年2月停止了代理工作，而CLS Strategies继续为大疆辩护。律师事务所Sidley Austin、Porter Wright Morris & Arthur以及由Brian Darling领导的Liberty Government Affairs也在游说工作中支持大疆。[107][108]

In September 2024, the U.S. House of Representatives passed the Countering CCP Drones Act.^[109][110] The legislation pending in the U.S. Senate aims to include DJI on a list maintained by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) under the Secure and Trusted Communications Networks Act of 2019.^[109] This action would effectively prevent DJI’s drones from operating on U.S. communications infrastructure, making them unusable in the country.^[109] DJI denounced what it termed “inaccurate and unsubstantiated allegations”.^[109]
【参考译文】2024年9月，美国众议院通过了《反中共无人机法案》。[109][110]该法案目前在美国参议院审议中，旨在将大疆列入联邦通信委员会（FCC）根据2019年《安全和可信通信网络法案》维护的名单中。[109]此举将有效阻止大疆无人机在美国通信基础设施上运行，使其在美国无法使用。[109]大疆谴责了这一“不准确且毫无根据的指控”。[109]

In October 2024, it was reported that the U.S. Customs and Border Protection was stopping the import of certain DJI drones into the U.S. under the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act.^[111]
【参考译文】2024年10月，据报道，美国海关与边境保护局根据《防止新疆强迫劳动法》阻止了部分大疆无人机的进口。[111]

5.1.2 五角大楼的分析 | Pentagon analysis

In May 2021, the United States Department of Defense issued an analysis of DJI products. The unclassified portion of the report concluded that two^[112] types of drone in the DJI “Government Edition” line-up show “no malicious code or intent and are recommended for use by government entities and forces working with US services.”^[113] This is according to a summary obtained by The Hill,^[114] though the Defense Department did not respond to an inquiry asking for elaboration.
【参考译文】2021年5月，美国国防部发布了对大疆产品的分析报告。该报告的非保密部分得出结论，大疆“政府版”系列中的两种[112]无人机“未发现恶意代码或意图，建议政府机构和与美国军方合作的部队使用”。[113]这是根据《国会山报》获得的一份摘要得出的结论，[114]但国防部没有回应要求进一步阐述的询问。

5.2 涉及大疆产品的事件 | Incidents involving DJI products

In January 2015, a Phantom 3 drone crashed into the White House‘s south lawn, in Washington, D.C., US.^[115] DJI later set up a no-fly Geo-system according to prohibited airspace, and forced all drones to update the firmware. The system introduced prevents flights from getting closer to, or to take off from restricted zones, based on GPS location.^[116]
【参考译文】2015年1月，一架Phantom 3无人机在美国华盛顿特区的白宫南草坪坠毁。[115]大疆随后根据禁飞区设置了禁飞地理系统，并强制所有无人机更新固件。该系统通过GPS定位防止飞行接近或从禁飞区起飞。[116]

In the 2015 Tokyo drone incident, a DJI Phantom 2 drone carrying radioactive material landed on the official residence of the Prime Minister of Japan. Subsequently, the National Diet passed a law restricting drone flights near government buildings and nuclear sites.^[117]
【参考译文】在2015年东京无人机事件中，一架携带放射性物质的大疆Phantom 2无人机降落在日本首相的官邸。随后，日本国会通过了限制无人机在政府大楼和核设施附近飞行的法律。[117]

In 2016, ISIS used DJI drones as exploding devices in Iraq.^[118][119] DJI later created a broad no-fly zone over nearly all of Iraq and Syria.^[7] That year, a DJI drone was nearly involved in a midair collision with a Chinese fighter jet. The Chinese government subsequently insisted that DJI develop an air traffic registry to track its drones within China.^[6]
【参考译文】2016年，伊斯兰国组织在伊拉克使用大疆无人机作为爆炸装置。[118][119]大疆随后在伊拉克和叙利亚的大部分地区创建了广泛的禁飞区。[7]同年，一架大疆无人机险些与中国战斗机在空中相撞。中国政府随后坚持要求大疆开发一个空中交通登记系统，以跟踪其在中国境内的无人机。[6]

On 30 March 2018, Israel Defense Forces used DJI’s Matrice 600 drones to drop tear gas from above on Gazan protestors.^[120][121]
【参考译文】2018年3月30日，以色列国防军使用大疆的Matrice 600无人机向加沙抗议者上空投掷催泪瓦斯。[120][121]

On 4 August 2018, two Matrice 600 drones detonated explosives near Avenida Bolívar, Caracas in an apparent attempt to assassinate Venezuelan president Nicolás Maduro.^[122]
【参考译文】2018年8月4日，两架Matrice 600无人机在加拉加斯玻利瓦尔大道附近引爆爆炸物，显然企图暗杀委内瑞拉总统尼古拉斯·马杜罗。[122]

5.2.1 俄罗斯入侵乌克兰 | Russian invasion of Ukraine

See also: China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine【也请参阅：中国与俄罗斯入侵乌克兰】

DJI drones have been used by both Ukraine and Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. They have served as a tactical surveillance, strike, and propaganda tool by Ukraine’s armed forces.^[123] According to the investigation by Faine Greenwood of the Foreign Policy, DJI drones are sourced by governments, hobbyists, international donations to Ukraine and Russia to support each side on the battlefield, and were often flown by drone hobbyists recruited by the armed forces.^[124] The prevalence of DJI drones was attributable to their market dominance, affordability, high performance, and reliability.^[125][124] They were also preferred for their commercial availability.^[126]
【参考译文】在俄罗斯入侵乌克兰期间，乌克兰和俄罗斯都使用了大疆无人机。乌克兰武装部队将它们用作战术侦察、打击和宣传工具。[123]据《外交政策》杂志的Faine Greenwood调查，大疆无人机由各国政府、业余爱好者以及向乌克兰和俄罗斯提供的国际捐赠获得，以支持双方在战场上的行动，通常由武装部队招募的无人机爱好者操控。[124]大疆无人机的普及归因于其在市场上的主导地位、价格实惠、高性能和可靠性。[125][124]此外，由于其商业可用性，它们也备受青睐。[126]

2022年乌俄战争期间，有乌克兰网友发布推特，表示根据乌克兰媒体报道，乌克兰所拥有的AeroScope站台功能在无预警下被关闭，但俄罗斯方面并没有被限制^[28]。他表示这是大疆在暗中支持俄罗斯，但同时，他也认为可能是技术问题导致的，并希望大疆能够出面回应^[28]。当日，大疆的美国首席发言人在该条推特下发表回复，表示该报道是错误的，大疆知悉乌克兰的一些AeroScope设备存在问题，但不是全部AeroScope，故推断其故障可能战争期间与长时间断电和网络中断有关，并表示大疆没有刻意关闭AeroScope的功能^[29][30]。

2022年3月16日，乌克兰政府副总理米哈伊洛·费多罗夫在推特发表其致大疆的公开信^[31]，并表示AeroScope有能力检测无人机操作员所在位置，这导致“俄罗斯使用大疆产品来为导弹提供引导”，且大疆关闭了乌克兰方面的AeroScope功能，但俄罗斯方面可以继续使用这个功能，并呼吁大疆方面停止与俄罗斯往来、停止向乌克兰提供所有在乌克兰运行的大疆无人机的数据，并关闭乌克兰境内除乌克兰用户以外的无人机^[32][33]。次日，大疆回复了此公开信，表示大疆的产品不适用于军事用途、未对乌克兰关闭AeroScope功能、无人机操作员位置不被大疆掌握，若乌克兰提出在乌克兰全境设立电子地理围栏将会配合乌克兰方面^[34][35]。24日，美国科技新闻网站The verge深度采访了大疆公司的亚当·李思博格（Adam Lisberg），亚当·李思博格表示“AeroScope”系统在乌克兰出现接收器故障问题，但并非是大疆主动切断其功能，可能是乌克兰电力不稳或基础线路损坏造成的^[36]。27日，德国最大的电子零售商万得城电器下架了大疆无人机^[37]。28日，大疆在接受观察者网采访时表示，大疆不掌握用户数据，也无法识别用户的国籍，AeroScope设备产生的数据由运营方掌握，不被大疆掌握^[37]。

事件促使了乌克兰加速自主研发和自制无人机的计划，并对中国供应的无人机保持非常谨慎的态度^[38]。

Ukraine has used DJI drones extensively after being invaded, while battlefield footage suggests their usage by Russia as well. After German retailer MediaMarkt stopped selling DJI drones, DJI said that its products were for civilian use and inappropriate for the military.^[127] Following criticism of the company’s operation in Russia, DJI suspended its business in both Russia and Ukraine to prevent its products from being used in combat.^[128][129] However, donors and buyers from both Russia and Ukraine shipped the drones across the border via intermediates and modified their software to circumnavigate the restrictions.^[130][131]
【参考译文】乌克兰在被入侵后广泛使用了大疆无人机，而战场画面也显示俄罗斯同样使用了这些无人机。在德国零售商MediaMarkt停止销售大疆无人机后，大疆表示其产品为民用，不适合军事用途。[127]在公司的俄罗斯业务受到批评后，大疆暂停了在俄罗斯和乌克兰的业务，以防止其产品被用于战斗。[128][129]然而，来自俄罗斯和乌克兰的捐赠者和买家通过中介将无人机运过边境，并修改软件以规避这些限制。[130][131]

Ukrainian troops have used DJI drones to conduct reconnaissance, drop improvised explosives, and conduct precision strikes on Russian forces.^[132][133] Fitted with high-definition cameras, Ukrainian military also used the DJI drones to produce effective propaganda materials, including live war footage of Russian forces and heavy equipment being destroyed.^[123]
【参考译文】乌克兰军队使用大疆无人机进行侦察、投放简易爆炸装置，并对俄军实施精确打击。[132][133]乌克兰军方还为这些大疆无人机配备了高清摄像头，用于制作有效的宣传材料，包括俄罗斯军队和重型装备被摧毁的实时战争画面。[123]

In May 2022, Ukrainian Vice Prime Minister Mykhailo Fedorov said AeroScope detection platform gave Russian forces ability to track Ukrainian drones and gave Russia advantage, and asked DJI to impose no-fly zones over parts of Ukraine.^[134][135] DJI replied saying that its drones are designed for civilians and inappropriate for military use because of visibility features such as AeroScope and Remote ID. It could try to ban them from certain airspaces under a formal request from the Ukrainian government, but doing so would affect all parties’ drones being flown there and could be countered by operators preventing their drones from receiving updates.^[135][136] The Verge did not find any confirmed reports on Russian AeroScope usage and interviewed a DJI spokesperson to clarify the issue.^[137]
【参考译文】2022年5月，乌克兰副总理米哈伊洛·费多罗夫表示，AeroScope探测平台使俄军能够追踪乌克兰无人机，给了俄罗斯优势，并要求大疆在乌克兰部分地区设立禁飞区。[134][135]大疆回应称，其无人机是为民用设计的，由于具有AeroScope和远程识别（Remote ID）等可见性功能，不适合军事用途。在乌克兰政府提出正式请求的情况下，大疆可以尝试禁止无人机在某些空域飞行，但这样做会影响所有各方的无人机在该空域的飞行，而且可能会被操作者通过阻止无人机接收更新来对抗。[135][136]《The Verge》没有找到关于俄罗斯使用AeroScope的任何确证报告，并采访了大疆发言人以澄清这一问题。[137]

Ukraine continued to purchase DJI drones for its military. In October 2023, the Ukrainian government announced the purchase of 4,000 DJI drones and the plan to purchase 20,000 DJI drones by May 2024.^[138] In Ukraine, DJI drones and small UAVs became an ubiquitous and critical part of the war.^[139]
【参考译文】乌克兰继续为其军队购买大疆无人机。2023年10月，乌克兰政府宣布已购买4000架大疆无人机，并计划到2024年5月购买20000架大疆无人机。[138]在乌克兰，大疆无人机和小型无人机已成为战争中无处不在且至关重要的部分。[139]

2022年8月12日，俄罗斯驻华大使馆于微博引述俄罗斯前参谋长巴卢耶夫斯基言论，称颂中国大疆无人机给火箭炮应用带来了一场真正的革命，原则上已经成为了现代战争的真正象征。^{[与来源不符]}

大疆公司于评论反驳称，大疆所有产品都为民用设计，不支持一切军事领域的应用^[39]。

2023年1月，《华尔街日报》根据海关记录称，中国大疆生产的无人机经由第3国运输至俄罗斯和乌克兰之后，继续在乌克兰战场上使用^[40]。

5.2.2 内部贪腐事件

2018年，大疆进行内部整顿改革时发现多个部门有贪腐行为，以致采购零件价格高于一般行情，造成公司损失至少10亿元人民币。该公司已将16名员工移交司法单位调查侦办，并开除了另外29人。大疆已在公司内成立专业反腐小组，继续进行后续反贪腐调查^[27]。

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