扬子鳄 / Chinese alligator – 中英文维基百科词条融合

中文词条原文链接（无法从中国内地访问）：请点击这里访问
英文词条原文链接（无法从中国内地访问）：请点击这里访问
本文基于英文词条的线索，并补充部分来自中文词条的内容（在二者冲突时，以更晚更新者为准）。 辽观搬运时进行了必要的合规化处理，以使其能够在中国内地上传。部分文字采用汉语拼音方式代替，音节后的数字表示汉语拼音规则中的声调。

关于辽观的维基百科搬运计划，及其他已搬运的词条，请点击这里了解更多。维基百科（Wikipedia）是美国维基媒体基金会的互联网百科项目，其内容可能受到立场、信息来源等因素影响，请客观看待。正文内容不代表译者观点。

辽观提供的翻译仅供参考。文中可能包含无法从中国内地访问的链接。

辽观所搬运的词条文本与维基百科一道同样遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议（辽观搬运的中英文对照版本），在符合协议要求的情况下您可以免费使用其内容（包括商用）。图片和视频可能遵循不同的共享协议。请点击这里访问

1. 正文（发布于知乎专栏）

请点击这里访问

2. 参见（维基百科的相关词条）| See also

• 中国主题
• 动物主题

——————————————————————

• Wildlife of China【中国的野生生物】
• Animal communication【动物的交流】
• Caiman【凯门鳄】
• 中国妖怪列表
• 鼋
• 鼋鼍

3. 英文词条参考文献 | References

3.1 引用列表（与文中标号对应）

1. ^ Rio, Jonathan P.; Mannion, Philip D. (September 6, 2021). “Phylogenetic analysis of a new morphological dataset elucidates the evolutionary history of Crocodylia and resolves the long-standing gharial problem”. PeerJ. 9 e12094. doi:10.7717/peerj.12094. PMC 8428266. PMID 34567843.
2. ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w} Jiang, H.-X.; Wu, X. (2018). “Alligator sinensis“. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T867A3146005. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T867A3146005.en. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
3. ^ “Appendices”. CITES. Retrieved January 14, 2022.
4. ^ Wu, Ziaobang; Zhou, Kaiya; Wang, Yiquan; Zhu, Weiquan (October 2003). “Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of Chinese alligator, Alligator sinensis, and phylogeny of crocodiles”. Chinese Science Bulletin. 48 (19): 2050–2054. Bibcode:2003ChSBu..48.2050W. doi:10.1360/03wc0076. S2CID 86890007. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
5. ^ Jump up to:^a b “The largest group of Chinese alligators released to the wild”. UNDP in China. June 8, 2016. Archived from the original on April 24, 2017. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
6. ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h} Perry, Tony (July 4, 2012). “San Diego Zoo gets two Chinese alligators in preservation effort”. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 19, 2018. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
7. ^ Iijima, Masaya; Takahashi, Keiichi; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu (July 2016). “The oldest record of Alligator sinensis from the Late Pliocene of Western Japan, and its biogeographic implication”. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 124: 94–101. Bibcode:2016JAESc.124…94I. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.04.017.
8. ^ Hsi-yin, Shan; Yen-nien, Cheng; Xiao-chun, Wu (June 2013). “The first fossil skull of Alligator sinensis from the Pleistocene, Taiwan, with a paleogeographic implication of the species”. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 69: 17–25. Bibcode:2013JAESc..69…17H. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.05.026.
9. ^ Shijing “Major Hymns – Decade of King Wen – Numinous Terrace” quote: “鼉鼓逢逢、朦瞍奏公。” translation: “The alligator-drums rumble and grumble; while the tunes are played by the blind musicians’ ensemble.”
10. ^ Schuessler, Axel (2007) An Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese. University of Hawaii Press. p. 505
11. ^ Allan, Sarah (1991), The Shape of the Turtle: Myth, Art, and Cosmos in Early China, SUNY Press. p. 39
12. ^ Baxter, William (1992). A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. p. 356
13. ^ Thorbjarnarson & Wang 2010, p. 34.
14. ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e} Neill 1971, pp. 293–294.
15. ^ Jump up to:^a b c d Barbour, Thomas (April–September 1910). “A Note regarding the Chinese Alligator”. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 62 (2): 464–467. JSTOR 4063434.
16. ^ “Alligator”. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Archived from the original on January 26, 2019. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
17. ^ Fauvel 1879, p. 33.
18. ^ Wu, Xiaobing; Wang, Yiquang; Zhou, Kaiya; Zhu, Weiquan; Nie, Jishan; Wang, Chaolin (October 2003). “Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of Chinese alligator, Alligator sinensis, and phylogeny of crocodiles”. Chinese Science Bulletin. 48 (19): 2050–2054. Bibcode:2003ChSBu..48.2050W. doi:10.1360/03wc0076. S2CID 86890007. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
19. ^ Hastings, A. K.; Bloch, J. I.; Jaramillo, C. A.; Rincon, A. F.; MacFadden, B. J. (2013). “Systematics and biogeography of crocodylians from the Miocene of Panama”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (2): 239. Bibcode:2013JVPal..33..239H. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.713814. S2CID 83972694.
20. ^ Brochu, C. A. (2011). “Phylogenetic relationships of Necrosuchus ionensis Simpson, 1937 and the early history of caimanines”. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 163: S228 – S256. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00716.x.
21. ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g} “Chinese Alligator (Alligator sinensis)”. Crocodilians: Natural History & Conservation. Archived from the original on December 25, 2011. Retrieved January 2, 2012.
22. ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h} Reading & Miller 2000, p. 72.
23. ^ “American alligator”. Smithsonian’s National Zoo. April 25, 2016. Archived from the original on November 6, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
24. ^ Thorbjarnarson, John B. (2010). The Chinese alligator: ecology, behavior, conservation, and culture. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 94. ISBN 978-0-8018-9348-3.
25. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Grigg 2015, p. 6.
26. ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g} “Chinese Alligator”. Saint Louis Zoo. Archived from the original on May 8, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
27. ^ Erickson, Gregory M.; Gignac, Paul M.; Steppan, Scott J.; Lappin, A. Kristopher; Vliet, Kent A.; Brueggen, John D.; Inouye, Brian D.; Kledzik, David; Webb, Grahame J. W. (March 14, 2012). “Insights into the Ecology and Evolutionary Success of Crocodilians Revealed through Bite-Force and Tooth-Pressure Experimentation”. PLOS ONE. 7 (3) e31781. Bibcode:2012PLoSO…731781E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031781. PMC 3303775. PMID 22431965.
28. ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h i j k l} “Chinese alligator”. Smithsonian’s National Zoo. April 25, 2016. Archived from the original on December 9, 2018. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
29. ^ Ross 1998, p. 12.
30. ^ Zhang, F.; Li, Y.; Guo, Z.; Murray, B. R. (March 20, 2009). “Climate warming and reproduction in Chinese alligators”. Animal Conservation. 12 (2): 128–137. Bibcode:2009AnCon..12..128Z. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00232.x. S2CID 86658715.
31. ^ Wang, Huan; Yan, Peng; Zhang, Shengzhou; Sun, Long; Ren, Min; Xue, Hui; Zhang, Fang; Wu, Rong; Wu, Xiaobing (December 2017). “Multiple paternity: A compensation mechanism of the Chinese alligator for inbreeding”. Animal Reproduction Science. 187: 124–132. doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.10.016. PMID 29103625.
32. ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g} Reading & Miller 2000, p. 73.
33. ^ Jump up to:^a b Jianjun, Wang; Wu, Xiaobing; Dawei, Tian; Jialong, Zhu (January 2011). “Nest-site Use by the Chinese Alligator (Alligator sinensis) in the Gaojingmiao Breeding Farm, Anhui, China”. Asian Herpetological Research. 2 (1): 36–40. doi:10.3724/sp.j.1245.2011.00036.
34. ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e} Zhang, Fang; Messenger, Kevin; Wang, Yong (2015). “Relationship between nest defence behaviours and reproductive benefits in Chinese alligators”. Amphibia-Reptilia. 36 (2): 141–147. doi:10.1163/15685381-00002990.
35. ^ Jump up to:^a b Thorbjarnarson & Wang 2010, p. 121.
36. ^ Jump up to:^a b He, L. J.; Wang, X. M.; Ding, Y. Z.; Shao, M.; Wang, G. H.; Xie, W. S.; Thorbjarnarson, J. (January 1, 2012). “Influence of temperature on egg incubation of the wild Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis)”. Dong Wu Xue Bao. 3 (48): 420–424. Retrieved February 17, 2019.
37. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Thorbjarnarson & Wang 2010, p. 97.
38. ^ Herbert, J. D.; Coulson, T. D.; Coulson, R. A. (April 2002). “Growth rates of Chinese and American alligators”. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 131 (4): 909–916. doi:10.1016/S1095-6433(02)00027-2. PMID 11897202.
39. ^ Jump up to:^a b IUCN 1982, p. 284.
40. ^ “Crocodilian Species – Chinese Alligator (Alligator sinensis)”. crocodilian.com. Retrieved September 3, 2022.
41. ^ “Alligator sinensis (Chinese alligator, T’o, Yow Lung, Yangtze alligator)”. Animal Diversity Web.
42. ^ “Alligator sinensis (Chinese alligator, T’o, Yow Lung, Yangtze alligator)”. Animal Diversity Web.
43. ^ “Alligator sinensis (Chinese alligator, T’o, Yow Lung, Yangtze alligator)”. Animal Diversity Web.
44. ^ Jump up to:^a b Thorbjarnarson & Wang 2010, p. 103.
45. ^ Wang, Xianyan (May 4, 2007). “Acoustic signals of Chinese alligators (Alligator sinensis): Social communication”. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 121 (5): 2984–2989. Bibcode:2007ASAJ..121.2984W. doi:10.1121/1.2714910. PMID 17550196.
46. ^ Wang, Xianyan; et al. (2009). “Why do Chinese alligators (Alligator sinensis) form bellowing choruses: A playback approach”. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 126 (4): 2082–7. Bibcode:2009ASAJ..126.2082W. doi:10.1121/1.3203667. PMID 19813817. Archived from the original on December 16, 2018. Retrieved December 15, 2018.
47. ^ Jump up to:^a b Wang, Xianyan; Wang, Ding; Wang, Xiaobing; Wang, Renping; Wang, Chaolin (January 1, 2006). “Congregative effect of Chinese alligator’s bellowing chorus in mating season and its function in reproduction”. Dong Wu Xue Bao. 52 (4): 663–668. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
48. ^ Jump up to:^a b Reber, Stephan A.; Nishimura, Takeshi; Janisch, Judith; Robertson, Mark; Fitch, W. Tecumseh (2015). “A Chinese alligator in heliox: formant frequencies in a crocodilian”. Journal of Experimental Biology. 218 (15): 2442–2447. doi:10.1242/jeb.119552. PMC 4528706. PMID 26246611.
49. ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g} Yoon, Carol Kaesuk (August 21, 2001). “Rare Alligator Is Threatened As China Feeds Its People”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 9, 2018. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
50. ^ Iijima, Masaya; Takahashi, Keiichi; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu (2016). “The oldest record of Alligator sinensis from the Late Pliocene of Western Japan, and its biogeographic implication”. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 124: 94–101. Bibcode:2016JAESc.124…94I. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.04.017.
51. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Thorbjarnarson, John. “Chinese Alligator”. Wildlife Conservation Society. Archived from the original on December 14, 2018. Retrieved December 11, 2018.
52. ^ Jump up to:^a b c d Reading & Miller 2000, p. 75.
53. ^ Thorbjarnarson, John; et al. (2002). “Wild populations of the Chinese alligator approach extinction”. Biological Conservation. 103 (1): 93–102. Bibcode:2002BCons.103…93T. doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00128-8.
54. ^ Jump up to:^a b Gallagher, Sean (April 26, 2011). “The Chinese Alligator, A Species On The Brink”. National Geographic Society Newsroom. Archived from the original on December 9, 2018. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
55. ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e} Lixin, Zhu (December 11, 2017). “Efforts continue to save endangered Chinese alligators”. China Daily. Archived from the original on January 6, 2019. Retrieved January 6, 2019.
56. ^ Chuanpeng, Nie; Yanyan, Li; Zhao, Juan; Wu, Xiaobing (2012). “Extremely high major histocompatibility complex class IIb gene intron 2 variation and population structure in Chinese alligator”. Journal of Genetics. 93: 86–91. doi:10.1007/s12041-012-0174-2. S2CID 5765981.
57. ^ Yang, Shangchen; Lan, Tianming; Zhang, Yi; Wang, Qing; Li, Haimeng; Dussex, Nicolas; Sahu, Sunil Kumar; Shi, Minhui; Hu, Mengyuan; Zhu, Yixin; Cao, Jun; Liu, Lirong; Lin, Jianqing; Wan, Qiu-Hong; Liu, Huan; Fang, Sheng-Guo (January 2023). “Genomic investigation of the Chinese alligator reveals wild-extinct genetic diversity and genomic consequences of their continuous decline”. Molecular Ecology Resources. 23 (1): 294–311. doi:10.1111/1755-0998.13702. PMC 10087395. PMID 35980602.
58. ^ Jump up to:^a b “Ten Threatened and Endangered Species Used in Traditional Medicine”. Smithsonian. Smithsonian Institution. October 18, 2011. Archived from the original on March 1, 2015. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
59. ^ Chang, L. T.; Olson, R. (May 2008). “Gilded Age, Gilded Cage”. National Geographic.
60. ^ “Chinese Alligator”. CITES. Archived from the original on February 19, 2019. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
61. ^ “Species Profile for Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis)”. Environmental Conservation Online System. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Retrieved March 24, 2019.
62. ^ Thorbjarnarson & Wang 2010, p. 10.
63. ^ Jump up to:^a b c “Chinese Alligator”. Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden. Archived from the original on April 2, 2019. Retrieved January 29, 2012.
64. ^ Jump up to:^a b Dasgupta, Shreya (November 7, 2016). “Discovery of baby Chinese alligators boosts hope for rare species”. Mongabay. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 17, 2019.
65. ^ Jump up to:^a b Thorbjarnarson & Wang 2010, p. 195.
66. ^ Thorbjarnarson & Wang 2010, pp. 175–176.
67. ^ Thorbjarnarson & Wang 2010, pp. 200–202.
68. ^ Jump up to:^a b Thorbjarnarson & Wang 2010, p. 205.
69. ^ Jump up to:^a b Liu, Victor H. (December 2013). “Chinese Alligators: Observations at Changxing Nature Reserve & Breeding Center”. IRCF Reptiles and Amphibians. 20 (4): 172–183. doi:10.17161/randa.v20i4.13965.
70. ^ “尹家边扬子鳄保护区” [Yinjiabian Chinese Alligator Reserve]. Huzhou Municipal People’s Government (in Chinese). November 26, 2008. Archived from the original on June 14, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2018.
71. ^ “从抢救保护到放归发展 浙江长兴成功繁殖扬子鳄” [From rescue and protection to reintroduction development. Changxing in Zhejiang successfully propagated Chinese Alligators]. China Government Network Central (in Chinese). April 29, 2013. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
72. ^ Thorbjarnarson & Wang 2010, pp. 195, 198, 205.
73. ^ “World’s Most Endangered Alligator Making a Comeback – in Shanghai”. WCS Newsroom. October 26, 2016. Archived from the original on December 11, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
74. ^ “Chinese alligator”. Philadelphia Zoo. Archived from the original on December 10, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
75. ^ “List of Animals”. Santa Barbara Zoo. Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
76. ^ “Chinese alligator”. Zootierliste. Archived from the original on December 10, 2018. Retrieved December 11, 2018.
77. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Thorbjarnarson & Wang 2010, pp. 54–58.
78. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Courtney 2018, p. 94.

3.2 书籍来源 | Book sources

• Thorbjarnarson, John; Wang, Xiaoming (May 17, 2010). The Chinese Alligator: Ecology, Behavior, Conservation, and Culture. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-9348-3.
• Reading, Richard P.; Miller, Brian (2000). Endangered Animals: A Reference Guide to Conflicting Issues (illustrated ed.). Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-30816-1. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
• Neill, Wilfred T. (1971). The Last of the Ruling Reptiles: Alligators, Crocodiles, and Their Kin (illustrated ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-03224-7. Retrieved December 11, 2018.
• International Union for Conservation of Nature (1982). The IUCN Amphibia-reptilia Red Data Book. ISBN 978-2-88032-601-2. Retrieved February 17, 2019.
• Grigg, Gordon (January 15, 2015). Biology and Evolution of Crocodylians. CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4863-0067-9. Retrieved December 16, 2018.
• Courtney, Chris (February 15, 2018). The Nature of Disaster in China: The 1931 Yangzi River Flood. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-28493-6. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
• Fauvel, Albert-Auguste (1879). Alligators in China: Their History, Description & Identification. Celestial Empire office. Retrieved February 16, 2019.
• Ross, J. P., ed. (1998). Crocodiles. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan (PDF) (2 ed.). IUCN/SSC Crocodile Specialist Group. ISBN 2-8317-0441-3. Retrieved March 13, 2019.

4. 中文词条参考文献

1. ^ Iijima, Masaya; Takahashi, Keiichi; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu. The oldest record of Alligator sinensis from the Late Pliocene of Western Japan, and its biogeographic implication. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 2016, 124: 94–101. Bibcode:2016JAESc.124…94I. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.04.017.
2. ^ Wu, Ziaobang; Zhou, Kaiya; Wang, Yiquan; Zhu, Weiquan. Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of Chinese alligator, Alligator sinensis, and phylogeny of crocodiles. Chinese Science Bulletin. October 2003, 48 (19): 2050–2054 [December 20, 2018]. Bibcode:2003ChSBu..48.2050W. doi:10.1360/03wc0076.
3. ^ 江柏毅. 中國古代的兩種鱷魚以及古漢字裡的「鼉」. CASE 报科学. 台湾大学科学教育发展中心. 2022-10-12. （原始内容存档于2023-01-27）.
4. ^ Li, Yongmin; Wu, Xiaobing. A revised species list of amphibians and reptiles in the Anhui Province. Biodiversity Science. 2019-09-20, 27 (9): 1002. doi:10.17520/biods.2019036.
5. ^ 6000多条扬子鳄进入完全冬眠状态. [2019-06-15]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-16）.
6. ^ 央视新闻. 安徽又又又放归扬子鳄了 野外遇见它们要跑吗？. [2024-08-04]. （原始内容存档于2024-08-04）.
7. ^ 央广网. 战力不及大鹅！？你真是我认识的那只扬子鳄么？. 中国之声. [2024-08-04]. （原始内容存档于2024-08-04）.
8. ^ Wu, Lusheng. Habitat characteristics of wild Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis). Biodiversity Science. 2005, 13 (2): 156 [2020-11-23]. doi:10.1360/biodiv.040038. （原始内容存档于2021-03-06）.
9. ^ 盛文强. 盛文强：晚清视觉奇观——点石斋画报与妖怪图像的奇幻之旅. 搜狐. 2024-10-09 [2025-05-21].

5. 延伸阅读

《钦定古今图书集成·博物汇编·禽虫典·鼍部》，出自陈梦雷《古今图书集成》

6. 外部链接 | External links

•  Media related to Alligator sinensis at Wikimedia Commons /
  维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：扬子鳄
•  Data related to Alligator sinensis at Wikispecies
• Alligator sinensis. ITIS.