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目录
1. 正文(发布于知乎专栏)
2. 参见(维基百科的相关词条)| See also
————————————————————————
- 心宿二:又称“大火星”,在中国古书所称的“火”星都指心宿二。
- 三辰:指“日、月、星”,后演变为“日、月、龙”,其中的星或龙指“大火星”。
- 火历:古中国根据大火星所制定的历法。后因三辰的演变而改为龙历。
- 凤:中国神话中的另一神兽,凤为雄性,凰为雌性,合称凤凰。
- 那伽:佛教和印度文化中的似龙似蛇的神兽,汉地翻译为龙,也称那伽龙、神龙(相对于莫呼洛迦地龙)。
- 莫呼洛迦:佛教和印度文化中的龙神,称为地龙(相对于那伽神龙)。
- 鲁 (龙):藏族文化中的龙,藏传佛教中和那伽等同起来。
- 烛龙
- 龙抬头
- 鳞虫之长——《说文解字》
- 红龙
- 蓝龙
- 龙神
- 西洋龙:又译德拉贡,有犄角、翅膀、较大的双足,能吐火,在西方文化中为邪恶生物。
- 天龙座:星座名
- 中国妖怪列表
- 神话及传说中的龙列表
- 标题以“龍”开头的所有条目
- An Instinct for Dragons【龙的本能】
- Chinese alligator【扬子鳄】
- Fish in Chinese mythology【中国神话中的鱼】
- Lei Chen-Tzu【雷震子】
- List of dragons in mythology and folklore【神话与民间传说中的龙列表】
- List of dragons in popular culture【流行文化中的龙列表】
- Long Mu【龙母】
- Radical 212【部首212】
3. 英文词条参考文献 | References
3.1 引用列表(与文中标号对应)| Citations
- ^ Lau, Chris (16 February 2024). “Happy New Year of the Dragon – or should that be ‘Loong’?”. CNN. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Meccarelli 2021, pp. 123–142.
- ^ Carlson, Kathie; Flanagin, Michael N.; Martin, Kathleen; Martin, Mary E.; Mendelsohn, John; Rodgers, Priscilla Young; Ronnberg, Ami; Salman, Sherry; Wesley, Deborah A. (2010). Arm, Karen; Ueda, Kako; Thulin, Anne; Langerak, Allison; Kiley, Timothy Gus; Wolff, Mary (eds.). The Book of Symbols: Reflections on Archetypal Images. Köln: Taschen. p. 48. ISBN 978-3-8365-1448-4.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Dikötter, Frank (10 November 1997). The Construction of Racial Identities in China and Japan. C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd. pp. 76–77. ISBN 978-1-85065-287-8.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Kouymjian, Dickran (2006). “Chinese Motifs in Thirteenth-Century Armenian Art: The Mongol Connection”. Beyond the Legacy of Genghis Khan. pp. 303–324. doi:10.1163/9789047418573_018. ISBN 978-90-474-1857-3.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Sleeboom, Margaret (2004). Academic Nations in China and Japan Framed in concepts of Nature, Culture and the Universal. Routledge publishing. ISBN 0-415-31545-X
- ^ “Brand Overview”, Brand Hong Kong, 09-2004 Retrieved 23 February 2007. Archived 23 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ “Fiery Debate Over China’s Dragon”, BBC News, an article covering China’s decision not to use a dragon mascot and the resulting disappointment.
- ^ “The Mongolian Message”. Archived from the original on 13 June 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
- ^ Dr Zai, J. Taoism and Science: Cosmology, Evolution, Morality, Health and more. Ultravisum, 2015.
- ^ Howard Giskin and Bettye S. Walsh (2001). An introduction to Chinese culture through the family. State University of New York Press. p. 126. ISBN 0-7914-5047-3.
- ^ “Teaching Chinese Archeology” Archived 11 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
- ^ Salviati, Filippo (2002). The Language of Adornment: Chinese Ornaments of Jade, Crystal, Amber and Glass, Fig. 17. Ten Speed Press. ISBN 1-58008-587-3.
- ^ Dong Zhiming (1992). Dinosaurian Faunas of China. China Ocean Press, Beijing. ISBN 3-540-52084-8.
- ^ von Koenigswald, G. H. R. (1952). Gigantopithecus blacki von Koenigswald, a giant fossil hominoid from the Pleistocene of southern China. Anthropological papers of the AMNH; v. 43, pt. 4.
- ^ Oguri, Kazuki; Nishioka, Yuichiro; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Takahashi, Kyoko (July 2017). “Taxonomic examination of longgu (Fossilia Ossis Mastodi, “dragon bone”) and a related crude drug, longchi (Dens Draconis, “dragon tooth”), from Japanese and Chinese crude drug markets”. Journal of Natural Medicines. 71 (3): 463–471. doi:10.1007/s11418-016-1062-5. ISSN 1340-3443. PMID 28220276.
- ^ Visser 1913, p. 70.
- ^ Doré 1917, p. 681.
- ^ Tseng, Hsienchi (1957). “A Study of the Nine Dragons Scroll”. Archives of the Chinese Art Society of America. Chinese Art Society of America. p. 32.
- ^ Li Shizhen (2021). “Chapter 43 [Animals with] Scales I/ Dragon Group, 9 kinds. 43-01 Long, FE Benjing, upper rank” 43 鱗之一 類九種 43-01 龍本經上品. Ben Cao Gang Mu, Volume VIII: Clothes, Utensils, Worms, Insects, Amphibians, Animals with Scales, Animals with Shells. Translated by Paul U. Unschuld. Univ of California Press. pp. 520–521. ISBN 9780520976986.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Mather, Richard (2022). “Shen Yüeh”. The Age of Eternal Brilliance: Three Lyric Poets of the Yung-ming Era (483-493) Vol. I. BRILL. p. 270n3. ISBN 9789004531765.
- ^ Yu-yang tsa-tsu 17.1a): ” 龍頭上有一物如博山形, 名尺木,龍無尺木不能升天” cited by Mather[21]
- ^ Boardman, John (2015). The Greeks in Asia. Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-25213-0.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Tom (1989), p. 55.
- ^ “Shīlāditya | Dictionary of Buddhism | Nichiren Buddhism Library”. www.nichirenlibrary.org. Archived from the original on 12 October 2024. Retrieved 25 August 2025.
- ^ “Dragon King – Tibetan Buddhist Encyclopedia”. tibetanbuddhistencyclopedia.com. Retrieved 25 August 2025.
- ^ 李 善愛, 1999, 護る神から守られる神へ : 韓国とベトナムの鯨神信仰を中心に, pp.195-212, 国立民族学博物館調査報告 Vol.149
- ^ Press, Beijing Foreign Language (1 September 2012). Chinese Auspicious Culture. Asiapac Books Pte Ltd. ISBN 978-981-229-642-9.
- ^ Hayes, L. (1923). The Chinese Dragon. Shanghai, China: Commercial Press Ltd.
- ^ Zhiya Hua. Dragon’s Name: A Folk Religion in a Village in South-Central Hebei Province. Shanghai People’s Publishing House, 2013. ISBN 7-208-11329-7
- ^ Hung-Sying Jing; Allen Batteau (2016). The Dragon in the Cockpit: How Western Aviation Concepts Conflict with Chinese Value Systems. Routledge. p. 83. ISBN 978-1-317-03529-9.
- ^ John Onians (26 April 2004). Atlas of World Art. Laurence King Publishing. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-85669-377-6.
- ^ “Jade coiled dragon, Hongshan Culture (c. 4700–2920 B.C.)” Archived 13 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. Retrieved 23 February 2007.
- ^ Carr, Michael. 1990. “Chinese Dragon Names”, Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 13.2:87–189. He classified them into seven categories: Rain-dragons, Flying-dragons, Snake-dragons, Wug-dragons [wug refers to “worms, bugs, and small reptiles”], Crocodile-dragons, Hill-dragons, and Miscellaneous dragons.
- ^ Adapted from Doré 1917, p. 682.
- ^ Carlson, Kathie; Flanagin, Michael N.; Martin, Kathleen; Martin, Mary E.; Mendelsohn, John; Rodgers, Priscilla Young; Ronnberg, Ami; Salman, Sherry; Wesley, Deborah A. (2010). Arm, Karen; Ueda, Kako; Thulin, Anne; Langerak, Allison; Kiley, Timothy Gus; Wolff, Mary (eds.). The Book of Symbols: Reflections on Archetypal Images. Köln: Taschen. p. 704. ISBN 978-3-8365-1448-4.
- ^ Visser 1913, pp. 101–102. The primary source is Wu Za Zu, chapter 9, beginning with “龍生九子…”. The title of Xie Zhaozhe’s work, Wu Za Zu, has been variously translated into English as Five Assorted Offerings (in Xie Zhaozhe[usurped]), Five Sundry Bands (in “Disease and Its Impact on Politics, Diplomacy, and the Military …“) or Five Miscellanies (in Changing clothes in China: fashion, history, nation, p. 48).
- ^ 吾三省 (Wu Sanxing) (2006). 中國文化背景八千詞 (Eight thousand words and expressions viewed against the background of Chinese culture) (in Chinese). Commercial Press. p. 345. ISBN 962-07-1846-1.
- ^ 九、龙的繁衍与附会 – 龙生九子 (1) (“Chapter 9, Dragon’s derived and associated creatures: Nine children of the dragon (1)”), in Yang Jingrong and Liu Zhixiong (2008). The full text of Shuyuan zaji, from which Yang and Liu quote, is available in electronic format at a number of sites, e.g. here: 菽園雜記 Archived 6 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ CCT4243: 2012 lunar dragon nine sons of the dragon 20 coin set Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Michael Sullivan (1992). The Arts of China. University of California Press. p. 214. ISBN 978-0-520-04918-5.
- ^ 《志第二十八 輿服一》. The History of Yuan.
- ^ 《本紀第三十九 順帝二》. The History of Yuan, Emperor Shundi (元史·順帝紀), compiled under Song Lian (宋濂), AD 1370.
禁服麒麟、鸞鳳、白兔、靈芝、雙角五爪龍、八龍、九龍、萬壽、福壽字、赭黃等服
- ^ Roy Bates (2007). All About Chinese Dragons. Lulu.com. pp. 20–21. ISBN 978-1-4357-0322-3.
- ^ Rawson, Jessica (ed). The British Museum Book of Chinese Art, p. 177, 2007 (2nd edn), British Museum Press, ISBN 978-0-7141-2446-9
- ^ Clunas, Craig and Harrison-Hall, Jessica, Ming: 50 years that changed China, p. 107, 2014, British Museum Press, ISBN 978-0-7141-2484-1
- ^ “Why Chinese children born in years of the dragon are more successful”. The Economist. 4 September 2017.
- ^ Mocan, Naci H.; Yu, Han (May 2019) [August 2017]. “Can Superstition Create a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy? School Outcomes of Dragon Children of China” (PDF). The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER Working Paper No. 23709): 13, 47. Retrieved 3 December 2019.
- ^ “Dragon Boat festival – UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage”. ich.unesco.org. Retrieved 25 August 2025.
- ^ “Spectacular boat races of Kerala | Kerala Tourism”. www.keralatourism.org. Retrieved 25 August 2025.
- ^ “Japanese Tiger and Dragon –– Minneapolis Institute of Art”. new.artsmia.org. Retrieved 25 August 2025.
- ^ Kwong, Kevin (25 June 2024). “Dragon, bear, horse, tiger, eagle … the 12 animal fighting styles in Chinese martial arts”. South China Morning Post. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
- ^ U. pumila ‘Pendula’, ‘ “Inventory of Seeds and Plants Imported … April–June 1915”Archived 11 February 2008(Date mismatch) at the Wayback Machine (March 1918)
- ^ “U. pumila ‘Pendula'” 中国自然标本馆. Cfh.ac.cn. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
3.2 来源文献 | Sources
- Doré, Henri [in French] (1917). Researches into Chinese Superstitions. Translated by M. Kennelly; D. J. Finn; L. F. McGreat. Ch’eng-wen. p. 681. OL 13587109M.
- Meccarelli, Marco (15 March 2021). “Discovering the Long: Current Theories and Trends in Research on the Chinese Dragon”. Frontiers of History in China. 16 (1): 123–142. doi:10.3868/s020-010-021-0006-6.
- Nikaido, Yoshihiro (2015). Asian Folk Religion and Cultural Interaction. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 978-3-8470-0485-1.
- Overmyer, Daniel L. (2009). Local Religion in North China in the Twentieth Century: The Structure and Organization of Community Rituals and Beliefs. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-17592-1.
- Tom, K. S. (1989). Echoes from Old China: Life, Legends, and Lore of the Middle Kingdom. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-1285-9.
- Visser, Marinus Willem de (1913), The Dragon in China and Japan (PDF), Amsterdam: J. Müller, archived from the original on 19 January 2010, retrieved 14 October 2022,@University of Georgia Library
4. 中文词条参考文献
- ^ 古语。崔世珍‘训蒙字会’(1527年)などに见える。
- ^ Meccarelli, Marco. Discovering the Long : Current Theories and Trends in Research on the Chinese Dragon. Frontiers of History in China. 2021, 16 (1): 123–142 [2022-06-20]. ISSN 1673-3401. doi:10.3868/s020-010-021-0006-6 (不活跃 28 February 2022). (原始内容存档于2021-08-08).
- ^ Xiao, Congrong. .pdf Universal Culture in Europe and Asia——A Brief Analysis of the History of Universal Culture in Ancient Rome and China (PDF). 10 (International Journal of Frontiers in Sociology). 2021: 109-115 [2022-06-20]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-06-28).
- ^ 中华龙起源之我见(组图) -搜狐新闻. news.sohu.com. 2006-08-05 [2021-08-31]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-31).
- ^ 方酉生. 濮阳西水坡M45蚌壳摆塑龙虎图的发现及重大学术意义. 中原文物.
- ^ 跳转到:6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 孙德萱 李中义《中华第一龙──濮阳西水坡蚌壳龙虎图案的发现与研究》
- ^ CCTV-10 《考古公开课》 20191222 西水坡星图之谜. 2019年12月22日 [2021年8月31日]. (原始内容存档于2021年8月31日).
- ^ 《日知录》卷三十
- ^ 李学勤:《西水坡“龙虎墓”与四象的起源》 《中国社会科学院研究生院学报》 1988年第5期
- ^ 冯时. 《中国天文考古学》. 中国社会科学出版社. 2011-11. ISBN 9787500459194.
- ^ 中華網-眾説紛紜龍起源. [2019-06-15]. (原始内容存档于2005-08-28).
- ^ 新浪-论龙[永久失效链接]
- ^ 《左传 昭公十九年》
- ^ 河洛文化考.p155,1998.周文顺、徐宁生,五洲传播出版社,ISBN 9787801134400
- ^ 何新.龙:神话与真相.上海人民出版社.1989年
- ^ 文焕然、黄祝坚、徐俊傅《历史时期中国马来鳄分布的变迁及其原因的初步研究》1979年
- ^ 饶发祥. 我国湾鳄生活史源考述. 《自然杂志》: 67页-69页.
- ^ 徐乃湘、崔岩峋:《说龙》,紫禁城出版社,1987年
- ^ 孙守道、郭大顺:《辽河流域的原始文明与龙的起源》,《文物》1984年06期
- ^ 《周礼‧夏官‧庾人》:“马八尺以上为龙”
- ^ 刘城淮:〈略谈龙的始作者和模特儿〉,《学术研究》(云南),1964年三期
- ^ 跳转到:22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 刘志雄、杨静荣. 《龍的身世》 初版二刷. 台湾商务. 2001-12. ISBN 957-05-1726-3.
- ^ 吕熙安:〈论中国龙源于恐龙〉,《学术探索》,2003年12月
- ^ 马小星. 龙: 一种未明的动物(增订本). 上海社会科学院出版社. 2018-8. ISBN 9787552023664.
- ^ 2007年台湾国科会展望系列演讲第一场-追龙任务。台大演讲网影音纪录 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) 存档副本. [2009-10-15]. (原始内容存档于2009-08-10).、行政院国科会与联合报新闻稿[永久失效链接]
- ^ 龙:风中去来 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),2010年4月,《科学人》杂志第98期
- ^ 《易经》乾卦:“潜龙勿用,见龙在田,或跃在渊,飞龙在天,亢龙有悔,见群龙无首,乘六龙以御天,云从龙,风从虎”
- ^ 龙,你会回来吗? (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),2010年5月,《科学人》杂志第99期
- ^ 何新:〈龙凤新说〉,《诸神的起源》,三联书局,1986年
- ^ 胡昌健:〈论中国龙神的起源〉,《中国文物报》第25期
- ^ 朱天顺:《中国古代宗教初探》,上海人民出版社,1982年
- ^ 岛邦男著,濮茅左、顾伟良译:《殷墟卜辞研究》(上海:上海古籍出版社,2006年8月)
- ^ 陈授祥:《中国的龙》,漓江出版社,1988年
- ^ 尹荣方:〈龙为树神说──兼论龙之原型是松〉,《学术月刊》1989年7月号
- ^ 《说文解字》:“龙,从肉、飞之形,童省声。鳞虫之长,能幽能明,能细能巨,能短能长,春分而登天,秋分而潜渊”
- ^ 《广雅·释螭》:“有鳞曰蛟龙,有翼曰应龙,有角曰虬龙,五角曰螭龙。”
- ^ 李时珍《本草纲目》卷四三:“《尔雅翼》云:‘龙者,鳞虫之长。’王符言其形有九似:眼似兔,角似鹿,嘴似牛,头似驼,身似蛇,腹似蜃,鳞似鱼,爪似鹰,掌似虎。背有八十一鳞,具九九阳数。声如戛铜盘。口有须髯,颔有明珠,喉有逆鳞。头有博山。又名尺木。龙无尺木,不能升天。呵气成云。既能变水,又能变火。”
- ^ Dragon譯「拽根」 陸政協為龍正名引熱議. 中央社 CNA. 2017-03-12 (中文(台湾)).
- ^ Dragon象徵惡、醜?中共官媒稱「龍」應正名Loong. [2024-02-11]. (原始内容存档于2024-03-28).
- ^ 龍的英文是「dragon」?大陸要正名為「loong」. [2024-02-11]. (原始内容存档于2024-03-28).
- ^ 龍年英文要摒用「dragon」?中共官媒稱應改用「loong」為何引起討論. [2024-02-11]. (原始内容存档于2024-03-28).
- ^ 中共官媒稱譯「龍」為「loong」龍年英文要摒用Year of dragon改為Year of loong or loan?. [2024-02-11]. (原始内容存档于2024-03-28).
- ^ 龙的英文怎翻译?Dragon不利国家形象 中共官媒谈论音译Loong
- ^ 龍年將至 外國人英語應稱loong還是Dragon?. [2024-05-14]. (原始内容存档于2024-03-28).
- ^ 黎蝸藤專欄:澄清幾個「龍」與「Dragon」的爭議. 上报. 2024年3月3日 [2024年3月3日]. (原始内容存档于2024年3月28日).
- ^ 致读者的回信|关于“龙”的英译. [2024-03-25]. (原始内容存档于2024-03-28).
5. 外部链接 | External links
- Media related to Chinese dragon (category) at Wikimedia Commons / 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:龙(分类)
- Quotations related to Chinese dragon at Wikiquote
- 查看维基词典中的词条“龙”。
- 伊藤清司:〈龙的起源论 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)〉。
李奭学:〈西秦饮渭水,东洛荐河图–我所知道的“龙”字欧译始末 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)〉。

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