{"id":1074,"date":"2023-09-02T11:26:40","date_gmt":"2023-09-02T03:26:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=1074"},"modified":"2024-05-21T23:05:52","modified_gmt":"2024-05-21T15:05:52","slug":"extracellular-fluid-en","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2023\/09\/02\/extracellular-fluid-en\/","title":{"rendered":"Extracellular fluid\uff08\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u6db2\uff09 &#8211; \u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Extracellular_fluid#Interstitial_fluid\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8bd1\u6587\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u8fbd\u89c2\u6240\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u4e0e\u539f\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faa<a href=\"https:\/\/link.zhihu.com\/?target=https%3A\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2023\/06\/23\/hello-world\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CC-BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/a>\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<cite>\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5<br>\u5c01\u9762\u56fe\u7247\uff1aSodium-potassium pump and the diffusion between extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid \uff08\u94a0\u94be\u6cf5\u4e0e\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u6db2\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u6db2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6269\u6563\uff09<br>\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/User:BruceBlaus\">BruceBlaus<\/a><br>\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY 3.0\u534f\u8bae<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u6b63\u6587\uff08\u77e5\u4e4e\u4e13\u680f\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/653868504\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/653868504\">\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u53c2\u89c1 See also<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Effective_circulating_volume\">Effective circulating volume<\/a>&nbsp;(ECV)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fluid_compartments\">Fluid compartments<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e Reference<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol style=\"list-style-type:1\" class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;Chumlea, W. Cameron; Guo, Shumei S.; Zeller, Christine M.; Reo, Nicholas V.; Siervogel, Roger M. (1999-07-01).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0085253815462829\">&#8220;Total body water data for white adults 18 to 64 years of age: The Fels Longitudinal Study&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Kidney International<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>56<\/strong>&nbsp;(1): 244\u2013252.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1999.00532.x\">10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1999.00532.x<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/issn\/0085-2538\">0085-2538<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_2-0\">Jump up to:<strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>a<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_2-1\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>b<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.anaesthesiamcq.com\/FluidBook\/fl2_1.php\">&#8220;Fluid Physiology: 2.1 Fluid Compartments&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>www.anaesthesiamcq.com<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;2019-11-28.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-3\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Tortora G (1987).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/principlesofan1987tort\"><em>Principles of anatomy and physiology<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;(5th&nbsp;ed.). New York, NY: Harper and Row. p.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/principlesofan1987tort\/page\/693\">693<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-06-350729-6\">978-0-06-350729-6<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-4\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Hillis D (2012).&nbsp;<em>Principles of life<\/em>. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates. p.&nbsp;589.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-4292-5721-3\">978-1-4292-5721-3<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-5\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Pocock G, Richards CD (2006).&nbsp;<em>Human physiology&nbsp;: the basis of medicine<\/em>&nbsp;(3rd&nbsp;ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.&nbsp;548.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-19-856878-0\">978-0-19-856878-0<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-pmid_19817339_6-0\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Canavan A, Arant BS (October 2009).&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.aafp.org\/afp\/2009\/1001\/p692.pdf\">&#8220;Diagnosis and management of dehydration in children&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF).&nbsp;<em>American Family Physician<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>80<\/strong>&nbsp;(7): 692\u20136.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19817339\">19817339<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-Hall_7-0\">Jump up to:<strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>a<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-Hall_7-1\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>b<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Hall J (2011).&nbsp;<em>Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology<\/em>&nbsp;(12th&nbsp;ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders\/Elsevier. pp.&nbsp;286\u2013287.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-4160-4574-8\">978-1-4160-4574-8<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-Wiig_Swartz_2012_pp._1005%E2%80%931060_8-0\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Wiig, Helge; Swartz, Melody A. (2012). &#8220;Interstitial Fluid and Lymph Formation and Transport: Physiological Regulation and Roles in Inflammation and Cancer&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>Physiological Reviews<\/em>. American Physiological Society.&nbsp;<strong>92<\/strong>&nbsp;(3): 1005\u20131060.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00037.2011\">10.1152\/physrev.00037.2011<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/issn\/0031-9333\">0031-9333<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22811424\">22811424<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\">S2CID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:11394172\">11394172<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-9\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/publications\/dictionaries\/cancer-terms\/def\/interstitial-fluid\">&#8220;Definition of interstitial fluid&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>www.cancer.gov<\/em>. 2011-02-02. Retrieved&nbsp;2022-03-08.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-Diabetes_Community,_Support,_Education,_Recipes_&amp;_Resources_2019_10-0\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.diabetes.co.uk\/body\/interstitial-fluid.html\">&#8220;Interstitial Fluid &#8211; What is the Role of Interstitial Fluid&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Diabetes Community, Support, Education, Recipes &amp; Resources<\/em>. 2019-07-22. Retrieved&nbsp;2019-07-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_11-0\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Widmaier, Eric P., Hershel Raff, Kevin T. Strang, and Arthur J. Vander. &#8220;Body Fluid Compartments.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Vander&#8217;s Human Physiology: The Mechanisms of Body Function<\/em>. 14th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2016. 400-401. Print.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-12\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Constanzo LS (2014).&nbsp;<em>Physiology<\/em>&nbsp;(5th&nbsp;ed.). Elsevier Saunders. p.&nbsp;264.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9781455708475\">9781455708475<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-GT_13-0\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Tortora G (1987).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/principlesofanat05tort\"><em>Principles of anatomy and physiology<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;(5th ed. Harper international&nbsp;ed.). New York: Harper &amp; Row. pp.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/principlesofanat05tort\/page\/61\">61<\/a>\u201362.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-06-046669-5\">978-0-06-046669-5<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-14\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Tortora G (1987).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/principlesofanat05tort\"><em>Principles of anatomy and physiology<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;(5th ed. Harper international&nbsp;ed.). New York: Harper &amp; Row. p.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/principlesofanat05tort\/page\/17\">17<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-06-046669-5\">978-0-06-046669-5<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-15\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Voet D, Voet J, Pratt C (2016).&nbsp;<em>Fundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecular Level<\/em>. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley &amp; Sons. p.&nbsp;235.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-118-91840-1\">978-1-118-91840-1<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-16\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Arthurs, G.J.; Sudhakar, M (December 2005).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1743181617305292\">&#8220;Carbon dioxide transport&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care &amp; Pain<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>5<\/strong>&nbsp;(6): 207\u2013210.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjaceaccp\/mki050\">10.1093\/bjaceaccp\/mki050<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-17\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Ba\u010di\u010d, G.; Walczak, T.; Demsar, F.; Swartz, H. M. (October 1988).&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/mrm.1910080211\">&#8220;Electron spin resonance imaging of tissues with lipid-rich areas&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Magnetic Resonance in Medicine<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>8<\/strong>&nbsp;(2): 209\u2013219.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrm.1910080211\">10.1002\/mrm.1910080211<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2850439\">2850439<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\">S2CID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:41810978\">41810978<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-18\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Windrem, David A.; Plachy, William Z. (August 1980).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/0005273680904691\">&#8220;The diffusion-solubility of oxygen in lipid bilayers&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) &#8211; Biomembranes<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>600<\/strong>&nbsp;(3): 655\u2013665.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0005-2736(80)90469-1\">10.1016\/0005-2736(80)90469-1<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/6250601\">6250601<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-19\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Petyaev, I. M.; Vuylsteke, A.; Bethune, D. W.; Hunt, J. V. (1998-01-01).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/clinsci\/article\/94\/1\/35\/76833\/Plasma-Oxygen-during-Cardiopulmonary-Bypass-A\">&#8220;Plasma Oxygen during Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Comparison of Blood Oxygen Levels with Oxygen Present in Plasma Lipid&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Clinical Science<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>94<\/strong>&nbsp;(1): 35\u201341.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/cs0940035\">10.1042\/cs0940035<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/issn\/0143-5221\">0143-5221<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9505864\">9505864<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-20\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Jackson, M. J. (1998-01-01).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1042\/cs0940001\">&#8220;Plasma Oxygen during Cardiopulmonary Bypass&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Clinical Science<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>94<\/strong>&nbsp;(1): 1.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/cs0940001\">10.1042\/cs0940001<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/issn\/0143-5221\">0143-5221<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9505858\">9505858<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-21\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Petyaev, Ivan M.; Hunt, James V. (April 1997).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0005276097000052\">&#8220;Micellar acceleration of oxygen-dependent reactions and its potential use in the study of human low density lipoprotein&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) &#8211; Lipids and Lipid Metabolism<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>1345<\/strong>&nbsp;(3): 293\u2013305.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0005-2760(97)00005-2\">10.1016\/S0005-2760(97)00005-2<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9150249\">9150249<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-Pocock_22-0\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Pocock G, Richards CD (2006).&nbsp;<em>Human physiology&nbsp;: the basis of medicine<\/em>&nbsp;(3rd&nbsp;ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.&nbsp;3.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-19-856878-0\">978-0-19-856878-0<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-tortora_23-0\">Jump up to:<strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>a<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-tortora_23-1\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>b<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-tortora_23-2\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>c<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-tortora_23-3\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>d<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-tortora_23-4\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>e<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Tortora G (1987).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/principlesofanat05tort\"><em>Principles of anatomy and physiology<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;(5th&nbsp;ed.). New York: Harper &amp; Row, International. pp.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/principlesofanat05tort\/page\/40\">40<\/a>, 49\u201350, 61, 268\u2013274, 449\u2013453, 456, 494\u2013496, 530\u2013552, 693\u2013700.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-06-046669-5\">978-0-06-046669-5<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-24\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Tortora G (1987).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/principlesofanat05tort\"><em>Principles of Anatomy and Physiology<\/em><\/a>. p.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/principlesofanat05tort\/page\/269\">269<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-06-046669-5\">978-0-06-046669-5<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-GJT_25-0\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Tortora G (2011).&nbsp;<em>Principles of anatomy and physiology<\/em>&nbsp;(13th&nbsp;ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. pp.&nbsp;73\u201374.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-470-64608-3\">978-0-470-64608-3<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-26\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Tortora G, Anagnostakos N (1987).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/principlesofan1987tort\"><em>Principles of anatomy and physiology<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;(5th&nbsp;ed.). New York, NY: Harper and Row. pp.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/principlesofan1987tort\/page\/34\">34<\/a>, 621, 693\u2013694.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-06-350729-6\">978-0-06-350729-6<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-27\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/pcwww.liv.ac.uk\/~petesmif\/petesmif\/salivary secretion\/fluid secretion.htm\">&#8220;Data&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>pcwww.liv.ac.uk<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-stryer_28-0\">Jump up to:<strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>a<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-stryer_28-1\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>b<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-stryer_28-2\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>c<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Stryer L (1995).&nbsp;<em>Biochemistry<\/em>&nbsp;(Fourth&nbsp;ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman and Company. pp.&nbsp;255\u2013256, 347\u2013348, 697\u2013698.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-7167-2009-4\">0-7167-2009-4<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-macefield_29-0\">Jump up to:<strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>a<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-macefield_29-1\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>b<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-macefield_29-2\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>c<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Macefield G, Burke D (February 1991).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/114.1.527\">&#8220;Paraesthesiae and tetany induced by voluntary hyperventilation. Increased excitability of human cutaneous and motor axons&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Brain<\/em>. 114 ( Pt 1B) (1): 527\u201340.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/114.1.527\">10.1093\/brain\/114.1.527<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2004255\">2004255<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-30\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Stryer L (1995).&nbsp;<em>Biochemistry<\/em>&nbsp;(Fourth&nbsp;ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman and Company. pp.&nbsp;347, 348.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-7167-2009-6\">978-0-7167-2009-6<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-CMArmstrong1999_31-0\">Jump up to:<strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>a<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-CMArmstrong1999_31-1\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>b<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Armstrong CM, Cota G (March 1999).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC22436\">&#8220;Calcium block of Na+ channels and its effect on closing rate&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>96<\/strong>&nbsp;(7): 4154\u20137.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode_(identifier)\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/1999PNAS...96.4154A\">1999PNAS&#8230;96.4154A<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.96.7.4154\">10.1073\/pnas.96.7.4154<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_(identifier)\">PMC<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC22436\">22436<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/10097179\">10097179<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-harrison_32-0\">Jump up to:<strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>a<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-harrison_32-1\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>b<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Harrison TR.&nbsp;<em>Principles of Internal Medicine<\/em>&nbsp;(third&nbsp;ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. pp.&nbsp;170, 571\u2013579.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-Waters_33-0\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Waters M (2009). &#8220;Hypercalcemia&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>InnovAiT<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>2<\/strong>&nbsp;(12): 698\u2013701.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/innovait\/inp143\">10.1093\/innovait\/inp143<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-Guyton_34-0\">Jump up to:<strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>a<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-Guyton_34-1\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>b<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-Guyton_34-2\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>c<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Hall J (2011).&nbsp;<em>Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology<\/em>&nbsp;(12th&nbsp;ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders\/Elsevier. pp.&nbsp;177\u2013181.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-4160-4574-8\">978-1-4160-4574-8<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-grays_35-0\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Williams PL, Warwick R, Dyson M, Bannister LH (1989).&nbsp;<em>Gray&#8217;s Anatomy<\/em>&nbsp;(Thirty-seventh&nbsp;ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. p.&nbsp;821.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0443-041776\">0443-041776<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-36\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Rettner R (27 March 2018).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/meet-your-interstitium-a-newfound-organ\/\">&#8220;Meet Your Interstitium, a Newfound &#8220;Organ&#8221;&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scientific_American\"><em>Scientific American<\/em><\/a>. Retrieved&nbsp;28 March&nbsp;2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-37\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.the-scientist.com\/?articles.view\/articleNo\/52168\/title\/Is-the-Interstitium-Really-a-New-Organ-\/\">&#8220;Is the Interstitium Really a New Organ?&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Scientist<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-ciba_38-0\">Jump up to:<strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>a<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#cite_ref-ciba_38-1\"><strong><em><sup><strong><em><sup>b<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Diem K, Lentner C (1970). &#8220;Blood \u2013 Inorganic substances&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>in: Scientific Tables<\/em>&nbsp;(Seventh&nbsp;ed.). Basle, Switzerland: CIBA-GEIGY Ltd. pp.&nbsp;561\u2013568.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cite_ref-39\"><strong>^<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Guyton &amp; Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (page 5)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u5916\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5 External links<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/EBchecked\/topic\/199041\/extracellular-fluid\">Britannica.com<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.biology-online.org\/dictionary\/Extracellular_fluid\">Biology-online.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2128,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[54],"tags":[12],"class_list":["post-1074","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-physiology-or-medicine","tag-12"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1074","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1074"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1074\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2128"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1074"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1074"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1074"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}