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1. \u5386\u53f2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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2. \u6210\u679c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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\u7531\u4e8e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u80fd\u591f\u5341\u5206\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u4e0e\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u751f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u6df1\u5165\u6574\u7406\u8d44\u6599\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u4e5f\u6e10\u6e10\u5c06\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u95fb\u6765\u6e90[26]<\/a>[27]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u4e3a\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e00\u822c\u5b66\u751f\u6216\u8005\u6d4f\u89c8\u7fa4\u4f17\u80fd\u591f\u7b80\u5355\u4e86\u89e3\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e2d\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6761\u76ee\u90fd\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6982\u5ff5[28]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u7ef4\u57fa\u65b0\u95fb<\/a>\u3001\u7ef4\u57fa\u6559\u79d1\u4e66<\/a>\u7b49\u59d0\u59b9\u9879\u76ee\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5728\u5176\u5b98\u65b9\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u575a\u51b3\u62e5\u62a4\u53ef\u4f9b\u67e5\u8bc1\u4e2d\u7acb\u89c2\u70b9\u8fd9\u4e24\u9879\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4ecd\u56e0\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u7279\u6027\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee5\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u5ea6\u3001\u5448\u73b0\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3a\u591a\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u58eb\u6307\u79f0\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684Wiki\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u8f91\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5185\u5bb9\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f5c\u6cd5\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u6700\u5927\u4e14\u65e0\u6cd5\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u5f0a\u75c5[29]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u8fd9\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7834\u574f\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u8f7b\u6613\u5728\u6613\u5f15\u8d77\u4e89\u7eb7\u7684\u653f\u6cbb<\/a>\u548c\u5b97\u6559<\/a>\u6761\u76ee\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u865a\u5047\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u5220\u9664\u6b63\u786e\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u8005\u4efb\u610f\u6dfb\u52a0\u504f\u89c1\u6027\u5185\u5bb9[30]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u800c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u5409\u7c73\u00b7\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca\u82f1\u56fd\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u4e54\u7eb3\u68ee\u00b7\u9f50\u7279\u6797<\/a>\uff08Jonathan Zittrain\uff09\u7b49\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6761\u76ee\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6e90\u81ea\u4ed6\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u504f\u89c1[31]<\/a>[32]<\/a>[33]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4e3a\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u5404\u754c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6761\u76ee\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e5f\u9646\u7eed\u63d0\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u65b9\u9488\u4e0e\u6307\u5f15\u6765\u4fdd\u969c\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5e0c\u671b\u534f\u540c\u7f16\u8f91\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u5217\u51fa\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f9b\u4ed6\u4eba\u67e5\u8bc1\u3001\u5ba1\u6838\u53ca\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u3002\u4f46\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u4e5f\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e0a\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u90a3\u4e9b\u5d07\u5c1a\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316<\/a>\u7b49\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u4e3a\u7f16\u5199\u81ea\u5df1\u559c\u7231\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u800c\u6210[34]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7f51\u7ad9\u5341\u5206\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u7406\u7531\u800c\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u4e3a\u7834\u574f<\/a>[35]<\/a>[36]<\/a>[37]<\/a><\/sup>\uff1b\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u4e5f\u540c\u65f6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u4e00\u4e9b\u62a5\u544a\u8bc1\u5b9e\u8bb8\u591a\u6761\u76ee\u5728\u906d\u5230\u7834\u574f\u540e\u80fd\u5f88\u5feb\u88ab\u8f7b\u6613\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u4f46\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5185\u4ecd\u5305\u542b\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u672a\u7ecf\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6216\u76f8\u4e92\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u4fe1\u606f[38]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u300a\u81ea\u7136<\/a>\u300b\u57282005\u5e74\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u4e2d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u7ae0\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u4e0e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f20\u7edf\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u300a\u5927\u82f1\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66<\/a>\u300b\u6709\u7740\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u8005\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u4e25\u91cd\u7f3a\u5931\u201d[39]<\/a>[40]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u4f7f\u7528<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

3.1 \u7f16\u8f91\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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3.2 \u6761\u76ee\u5206\u7c7b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
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\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u6240\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u5185\u5bb9\u5927\u591a\u677e\u6563\u4e14\u672a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u4fbf\u4f1a\u6709\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u5bf9\u5176\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4e14\u6839\u636e\u5185\u5bb9\u6269\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5<\/a>\u548c\u6761\u76ee\u9898\u6750<\/a>\u7ed9\u4e88\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u501f\u7531\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\u4f9d\u7167\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u67e5\u9605\u6bcf\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0[53]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4e00\u7bc7\u65b0\u6761\u76ee\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d45\u77ed\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u6761\u76ee\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5c06\u6761\u76ee\u5217\u4e3a\u201c\u5c0f\u4f5c\u54c1<\/a>\u201d\u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u4eba\u534f\u52a9\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5982\u679c\u6761\u76ee\u5185\u5bb9\u6781\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53e6\u5916\u63d0\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u7279\u8272\u6761\u76ee\u201d[48]<\/a>[54]<\/a>[55]<\/a><\/sup>\uff08feature article\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u4e2d\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u79f0\u4e3a\u5178\u8303\u6761\u76ee\uff09\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u8d3e\u79d1\u83ab\u00b7\u6ce2\u4ee3\u91cc<\/a>\uff08Giacomo Poderi\uff09\u4fbf\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u7c7b\u88ab\u5217\u4e3a\u201c\u7279\u8272\u6761\u76ee\u201d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u7531\u6570\u540d\u7ef4\u57fa\u7f16\u8f91\u8005\u5728\u5bc6\u96c6\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u8fbe\u6210[54]<\/a>[55]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u201c\u7279\u8272\u6761\u76ee\u201d\u5728\u63d0\u540d\u4e4b\u540e\u4f1a\u7531\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u8f91\u7528\u6237\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u7279\u8272\u6761\u76ee\u201d\u4fbf\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u8f6e\u6d41\u767b\u4e0a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e3b\u9875\u4e0a\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u4ee5\u82f1\u8bed\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u6765\u8bf4\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u5929\u4f1a\u5c55\u793a\u4e00\u7bc7\u7279\u8272\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u7136\u800c\u57282010\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e2d\u7279\u8272\u6761\u76ee\u95f4\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u8d28\u91cf\u59cb\u7ec8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u793e\u533a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6761\u76ee\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u5176\u5b9e\u201c\u5e76\u65e0\u6548\u679c\u201d[56]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u57282007\u5e74\u5728\u51c6\u5907\u5236\u4f5c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5370\u5237\u7248\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5219\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f9d\u7167\u5f53\u65f6\u6587\u7ae0\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6765\u5b89\u6392\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u7ae0\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u520a\u51fa[57]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u793e\u533a\u7684\u6570\u540d\u7f16\u8f91\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u81ea\u884c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201c\u4e13\u9898<\/a>\u201d\uff0c\u501f\u6b64\u4e00\u540c\u7f16\u8f91\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u501f\u7531\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u9875\u6765\u540c\u65f6\u534f\u8c03\u591a\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7528\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.3 \u7834\u574f\u884c\u4e3a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u7834\u574f<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
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\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u548c\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7834\u574f\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u62ec\u63d2\u5165\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u5e7f\u544a\u8a00\u8bed\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u515a\u6d3e\u610f\u89c1\u3001\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u6587\u53e5\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5783\u573e\u90ae\u4ef6<\/a>\u7b49\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7834\u574f\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\u5927\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u793e\u533a\u80fd\u591f\u501f\u7531\u7f16\u8f91\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5220\u8c03\u8bd5\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u9664\u7279\u5b9a\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7834\u574f\u7eaa\u5f55[58]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f83\u4e3a\u5c11\u89c1\u7684\u7834\u574f\u884c\u52a8\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u96be\u88ab\u5bdf\u89c9\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u5f3a\u786c\u4fee\u6539\u6210\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u559c\u7231\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u5bf9\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u6807\u9898\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5206\u7c7b\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u8fdb\u884c\u7834\u574f\u7684\u9875\u9762\u8bed\u4e49\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u6761\u76ee\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u4ee3\u7801\u7b49\u7b49\u3002[59]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u7f57\u52c3\u7279\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u4ea8\u5229<\/p>\u5230\u8bbf\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u4ee5\u8ba4\u8bc6\u67d0\u4e8b\u7269\u3001\u786e\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u524d\u5f80\u516c\u5171\u5395\u6240\u4e00\u822c\u3002\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u773c\u5c31\u770b\u5230\u8be5\u5730\u65b9\u6c61\u79fd\u4e0d\u582a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4fbf\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\u7ffc\u7ffc\u7684\u4f5c\u51fa\u5224\u65ad\uff1b\u53c8\u6216\u8005\u4ed6\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u5730\u65b9\u8fd8\u7b97\u662f\u5e72\u51c0\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u865a\u5047\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u611f\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5728\u8fd9\u4e4b\u524d\u6709\u8c01\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u3002[61]<\/a><\/sup><\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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3.4 \u89c4\u5219\u5236\u5b9a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u6743<\/a>\u4e0e\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8981\u9075\u4ece\u4ee5\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u5dde<\/a>\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6240\u5728\u5dde\u4efd<\/a>\u7684\u5f53\u5730\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\u5916\uff0c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u9075\u5b88\u4f9d\u7167\u201c\u4e94\u5927\u652f\u67f1<\/a>\u201d\u6240\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u65b9\u9488\u548c\u6307\u5f15<\/a>\uff0c\u5e76\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u8fd9\u89c4\u8303\u4e4b\u4e0b\u521b\u9020\u8bb8\u591a\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u5185\u5bb9[66]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5b9a\u540c\u6837\u4e0e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u4e00\u822c\u5b58\u50a8\u5728wiki\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u7f16\u5199\u6216\u8005\u4fee\u6539\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u6307\u5f15\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u7531\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u793e\u533a\u7684\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u501f\u6b64\u8f7b\u6613\u5220\u9664\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u975e\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\u6700\u521d\u5927\u591a\u662f\u7ffb\u8bd1\u82f1\u8bed\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u8eab\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u4e5f\u6e10\u6e10\u4f1a\u56e0\u5e94\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u5728\u89c4\u5219\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.5 \u5185\u5bb9\u65b9\u9488<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u82f1\u8bed\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7b49\u8bed\u8a00\u7248\u672c\u5728\u5185\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6761\u76ee\u5185\u5bb9\u4e5f\u591a\u6709\u8ba2\u5b9a\u6570\u6761\u76f8\u5173\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u8981\u6c42\u6587\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u5f0f<\/a>\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u53cd\u5bf9\u7f16\u5199\u51fa\u5982\u540c\u8bcd\u5178<\/a>\u822c\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9[67]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bdd\u9898\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u6536\u5f55\u4e8e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5219\u4e5f\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u6237\u5728\u7f16\u8f91\u65f6\u5e94\u8be5\u8981\u6ce8\u91cd\u201c\u5173\u6ce8\u5ea6\u6307\u5f15<\/a>\u201d\uff1b\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6761\u76ee\u5185\u5bb9\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4e3b\u6d41\u5a92\u4f53\u6216\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u5b66\u672f\u520a\u7269\u4e2d\u80fd\u591f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u5f97\u5230\u660e\u663e\u8db3\u591f\u4e14\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6b21\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u6765\u652f\u6301\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u521b\u5efa[68]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5907\u53d7\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u4f20\u8fbe\u77e5\u8bc6\u5a92\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u6761\u76ee\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5b58\u5728\u6709\u865a\u6784\u7684\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u8005\u662f\u539f\u521b\u7684\u7814\u7a76[69]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u800c\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u906d\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u6d4f\u89c8\u8005\u7684\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e5f\u8981\u6c42\u6587\u7ae0\u9700\u8981\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u5f97\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53cd\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u201c\u53ef\u4f9b\u67e5\u6838\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u201d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7f16\u8f91\u8005\u53cd\u800c\u5ffd\u89c6\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\u800c\u53e6\u5916\u53c2\u5165\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1b\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6761\u76ee\u5e38\u5e38\u5728\u5ba1\u67e5\u5176\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u65f6\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6587\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9\u5374\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u7ef4\u57fa\u7528\u6237\u53e6\u5916\u8be0\u91ca[70]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4e45\u800c\u4e45\u4e4b\u53cd\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6b63\u786e\u4fe1\u606f\u66f4\u52a0\u96be\u4ee5\u88ab\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u5217\u5165\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u5185\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u589e\u957f[71]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u6700\u540e\u540e\u53ef\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u91c7\u53d6\u4e2d\u7acb\u89c2\u70b9<\/a>\u7eaa\u5f55\u4e4b[72]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\u5982\u679c\u6709\u6b63\u53cd\u4e24\u9762\u610f\u89c1\u548c\u89c2\u70b9\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6765\u6e90\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f85\u52a9\u5916\uff0c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u6587\u7ae0\u5185\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5fc5\u987b\u91c7\u96c6\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u9002\u5f53\u5206\u91cf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5185\u5bb9[73]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.6 \u4e89\u8bae\u89e3\u51b3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u793e\u533a\u5185\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u56de\u9000\u3001\u8ba8\u8bba<\/a>\u201d\uff08BOLD, revert, discuss cycle\uff09\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5faa\u73af\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u7f16\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6761\u76ee\u4f5c\u51fa\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u7a0d\u540e\u53e6\u4e00\u540d\u7f16\u8005\u5c06\u5176\u4fee\u6539\u56de\u9000\u81f3\u672a\u4fee\u6539\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e24\u540d\u7f16\u8f91\u7528\u6237\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8ba8\u8bba\u9875\u4e0a\u8ba8\u8bba\u5f7c\u6b64\u6240\u906d\u9047\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u5176\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5[75]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u53cc\u65b9\u7f16\u8f91\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u5ffd\u89c6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5728\u5c31\u6761\u76ee\u5185\u5bb9\u6216\u8005\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u7206\u53d1\u7f16\u8f91\u6218\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u53cd\u590d\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u540d\u7528\u6237\u7f16\u8f91\u3001\u7136\u540e\u7531\u53e6\u4e00\u540d\u7528\u6237\u56de\u9000\u7684\u60c5\u51b5[76]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f16\u8f91\u8005\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u9875\u5546\u8ba8\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e8e\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u4e13\u9898\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u793e\u533a\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u9080\u8bf7\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e76\u5f81\u8be2\u76f8\u5173\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u800c\u5982\u679c\u53cc\u65b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c31\u6761\u76ee\u95ee\u9898\u7206\u53d1\u8a00\u8bed\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e13\u95e8\u9875\u9762\u62a5\u544a\u5bf9\u65b9\u8fdd\u53cd\u793c\u4eea\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e0d\u6587\u660e\u5e94\u5bf9\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u201c\u4e92\u52a9\u5ba2\u6808\u201d\u6216\u8005\u662f\u201c\u8c03\u89e3\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/a>\u201d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u6765\u534f\u52a9\u53cc\u65b9\u7f16\u8f91\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53cc\u65b9\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7ea6\u675f\u80fd\u529b\u6216\u8005\u5904\u5206\u804c\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u504f\u5411\u91cd\u662f\u501f\u7531\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u83b7\u53d6\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u800c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5c31\u662f\u5426\u5220\u9664\u6761\u76ee\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5219\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5185\u4e5f\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u9875\u9762\u6765\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u867d\u7136\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e4b\u4e0b\u591a\u4f1a\u501f\u7531\u8c03\u89e3<\/a>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7528\u6237\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8c03\u89e3\u9488\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\u4e4b\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u65e0\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u51b3[77]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.7 \u4ef2\u88c1\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u82f1\u8bed\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5176\u4ef2\u88c1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u9875\u9762\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5305\u62ec\u82f1\u8bed\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1<\/a>\u5728\u5185\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u53e6\u5916\u8bbe\u7acb\u6709\u4ef2\u88c1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/a>\uff08Arbitration Committee\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u540e\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u89e3\u51b3\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8bb8\u591a\u5728\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e0a\u7684\u7ea0\u7eb7\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u7acb\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u7528\u6237\u5c31\u6761\u76ee\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7f16\u8f91\u51fa\u73b0\u4e25\u91cd\u5206\u6b67\u800c\u7206\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4ef2\u88c1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u660e\u786e\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd9\u7c7b\u89c2\u70b9\u4e89\u8bae\u6848\u4ef6\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53cc\u65b9\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u51b3\u5185\u5bb9\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\u6307\u51fa\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5ffd\u89c6\u53cc\u65b9\u7206\u53d1\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u91cd\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u4e89\u7aef\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f[78]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u822c\u4f5c\u6cd5\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u4ef2\u88c1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5e76\u975e\u5c06\u81ea\u8eab\u76ee\u7684\u5b9a\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u4e89\u8bae\u7ea0\u7eb7\u5e76\u7ef4\u62a4\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u66f4\u52a0\u504f\u5411\u6dd8\u6c70\u4e0d\u9002\u4efb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7f16\u8f91\u8005\u6765\u5438\u5f15\u6f5c\u5728\u66f4\u591a\u70ed\u5fc3\u7f16\u8f91\u7528\u6237\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u5c3d\u7ba1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5076\u5c14\u4f1a\u5728\u5ba1\u67e5\u4e89\u6267\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u4f1a\u8c34\u8d23\u65b0\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdd\u53cd\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5185\u5bb9\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u53cd\u800c\u7acb\u573a\u4e0d\u4e2d\u7acb<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c31\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u90e8\u5206\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u63d0\u51fa\u8b66\u544a\u5e76\u6682\u7f13<\/a>\u6267\u884c\u60e9\u5904\uff0863.2\uff05\uff09\u3001\u7981\u6b62\u7f16\u8f91\u6587\u7ae0\uff0843.3\uff05\uff09\u3001\u7981\u6b62\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e3b\u9898\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0823.4\uff05\uff09\u6216\u8005\u662f\u7981\u6b62\u6d4f\u89c8\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff0815.7\uff05\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b8c\u5168\u7981\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u786e\u8ba4\u5047\u5192\u4ed6\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u8005\u662f\u6709\u53cd\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a<\/a>\u51fa\u73b0\uff1b\u800c\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u5047\u5192\u4ed6\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u663e\u73b0\u51fa\u53cd\u793e\u4f1a\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5176\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\u4ec5\u662f\u8fdd\u53cd\u793e\u533a\u5171\u8bc6\u6216\u8005\u662f\u7f16\u8f91\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ef2\u88c1\u59d4\u5458\u5f80\u5f80\u5219\u662f\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u8b66\u544a\u6765\u4f5c\u5904\u7406[78]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.8 \u9690\u79c1\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u5c0a\u91cd\u9690\u79c1\u6743<\/a>\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u501f\u7531\u5173\u6ce8\u5ea6\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u4f7f\u5f97\u666e\u901a\u516c\u6c11\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6743\u529b\u4fdd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9690\u79c1\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u63d0\u5230\u5c06\u4f1a\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u822c\u5e73\u6c11\u7684\u201c\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6761\u76ee\u4e2d\u6240\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u89d2\u8272\u5e76\u975e\u90fd\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u201c\u516c\u4f17\u4eba\u7269<\/a>\u201d\uff08public figure\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5728\u63d0\u5230\u6ce8\u91cd\u533f\u540d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7a7a\u95f4<\/a>\u6216\u8005\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u771f\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b<\/a>\uff08Real life\uff09\u4e2d\u533f\u540d\u8005\u4e4b\u6743\u76ca\u4e0a\u6709\u4e9b\u5fae\u51b2\u7a81[79]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002Wikipedia Watch\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u91cd\u89c6\u9690\u79c1\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f5c\u5728\u5a01\u80c1\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u63d0\u5230\u201c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e2d\u5982\u679c\u91c7\u7528\u8d23\u4efb\u5236\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5c06\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u9690\u79c1\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u201d\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7279\u522b\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\u5219\u662f\u5c3d\u7ba1\u672c\u4eba\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u8981\u4eba\u7269\u76f8\u6bd4\u5e76\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8fdd\u80cc\u81ea\u5df1\u610f\u613f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4ecd\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u4e4b\u4e2d[80]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2006\u5e741\u6708\u65f6\u5fb7\u56fd\u6cd5\u9662\u4e0b\u4ee4\u5fb7\u8bed\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1<\/a>\u5173\u95ed\u5176\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u7ad9\u70b9\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u5fb7\u8bed\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5c06\u5df2\u7ecf\u901d\u4e16\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\u7535\u8111\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8<\/a>\uff08Chaos Computer Club\uff09\u9ed1\u5ba2\u6210\u5458\u201cTron\u201d\u7684\u672c\u540d\u9c8d\u91cc\u65af\u00b7\u4f5b\u7f57\u745e\u65af\u514b<\/a>\u53d1\u8868\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u4f5b\u7f57\u745e\u65af\u514b\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4fbf\u5411\u6cd5\u9662\u63d0\u51fa\u8bc9\u8bbc\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u4eec\u513f\u5b50\u7684\u59d3\u540d\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e2d\u5220\u9664[81]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u968f\u540e\u6cd5\u9662\u4fbf\u8981\u6c42\u7981\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u5fb7\u56fd\u57df\u540d\u201cwww.wikipedia.de\u201d\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u5411\u5728\u5fb7\u8bed\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5fb7\u56fd\u7528\u6237\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u603b\u90e8\u8bbe\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u5dde\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7f51\u5740\u201cde.wikipedia.org\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5230\u4e862006\u5e742\u67089\u65e5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u7981\u4ee4\u518d\u5ea6\u88ab\u5fb7\u56fd\u6cd5\u9662\u63a8\u7ffb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5426\u51b3\u4e86\u5176\u7236\u6bcd\u4eb2\u6240\u575a\u6301\u7740\u6709\u5173\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u533f\u540d\u201cTron\u201d\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u9690\u79c1\u6743\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u539f\u544a\u57282006\u5e745\u6708\u518d\u6b21\u8981\u6c42\u4e0a\u8bc9\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5374\u906d\u5230\u67cf\u6797\u5e02\u6cd5\u9662<\/a>\uff08Berlin state court\uff09\u62d2\u7edd\u7ee7\u7eed\u5ba1\u7406[82]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.9 \u793e\u533a\u6d3b\u52a8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

3.9.1 \u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u793e\u533a<\/a>\u548cmeta:Wikipedia power structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u867d\u7136\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5e76\u975e\u603b\u662f\u4f20\u8fbe\u6709\u5173\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5185\u5bb9[83]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u793e\u533a\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u5f62\u5bb9\u4e3a\u201c\u90aa\u6559\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/a>\u201d[84]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u7531\u672a\u80fd\u9002\u5e94\u793e\u533a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6240\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u6279\u8bc4[85]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u6267\u884c\u4e0a\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u89c6\u793e\u533a\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8d44\u683c\u63d0\u51fa\u8005\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u53c2\u4e0e\u59a5\u534f\u6216\u8005\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ea\u5bfb\u6c42\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u88ab\u6279\u8bc4\u4e3a\u201c\u53cd\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u201d[86]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
2006\u5e74\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u56fd\u9645\u4f1a\u8bae\u8ba8\u8bba\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u56fd\u9645\u4f1a\u8bae\u662f\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7528\u6237\u548c\u5176\u4e0a\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u4e00\u540c\u4e3e\u529e\u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u4f1a\u8bae\u6d3b\u52a8<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5230\u4e86\u4eca\u65e5\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u793e\u533a\u5df2\u7ecf\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u201c\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6837\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u638c\u63e1\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e2d\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u4fee\u6539\u52a8\u5411\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u9646\u7eed\u7531\u5fd7\u613f\u62c5\u4efb\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u8005\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201c\u660e\u786e\u7684\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784<\/a>\u201d[87]<\/a>[88]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5fd7\u613f\u534f\u52a9\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u201c\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u201d\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u62e5\u6709\u826f\u597d\u4fe1\u8a89\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u7279\u6743\u7684\u201c\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u201d\u4e4b\u540e\u4fbf\u62e5\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5220\u9664\u9875\u9762\u3001\u5c4f\u853d\u6b63\u5728\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u6216\u8005\u662f\u793e\u533a\u4e25\u91cd\u4e89\u6267\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u6c61\u8fb1\u6027\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u505c\u6b62\u8fdd\u89c4\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u6743\u5229[89]<\/a>[90]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u201c\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u201d\u7684\u6743\u529b\u884c\u4f7f\u8005\u8981\u5728\u4e8e\u7f16\u8f91\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u884c\u4f7f\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u80fd\u591f\u963b\u6b62\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u7834\u574f\u6027\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u7528\u6237\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u5e76\u65e0\u7ba1\u8f96\u6743\u529b[89]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5728\u51b3\u7b56\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u5e76\u672a\u4eab\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u6b8a\u6743\u529b[91]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.9.2 \u65b0\u8fdb\u7528\u6237<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u6839\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u6709\u5c06\u8fd160\uff05\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\u7528\u6237\u5728\u5176\u6ce8\u518c\u4e4b\u540e\u768424\u5c0f\u65f6\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u968f\u5373\u7f16\u8f91\u4e0e\u6761\u76ee\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u9879\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u6ce8\u518c\u52a0\u5165\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5bb3\u6015\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u53cd\u800c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u793e\u533a\u4ea4\u6d41[92]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u57c3\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u9ad8\u5fb7\u66fc<\/a>\uff08Eric Goldman\uff09\u5219\u5199\u9053\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5bb3\u6015\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u89e3\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5185\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u9875\u4e0a\u7b7e\u540d\u3001\u7f16\u8f91\u60ef\u4f8b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5177\u6709\u793c\u4eea\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u7b49\u7b49\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u62c5\u5fc3\u6709\u4e9b\u719f\u6089\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u7279\u610f\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u521a\u52a0\u5165\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8005\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7834\u574f\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u591a\u9f13\u52b1\u65b0\u8fdb\u7528\u6237\u6e10\u6e10\u719f\u6089\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u793e\u533a\u7684\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u7f16\u8f91\u6761\u76ee\u4e4b\u5916\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u521b\u5efa\u4e13\u5c5e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7528\u6237\u9875\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u6280\u5de7\u4e0e\u89c4\u683c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e86\u89e3\u906d\u9047\u4e89\u7aef\u65f6\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u201c\u4ee4\u4eba\u8d39\u89e3\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u6587\u5316\u7b11\u8bdd\u4ee5\u53ca\u5185\u90e8\u5404\u79cd\u8ba8\u8bba\u53c2\u8003\u201d[93]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u975e\u6ce8\u518c\u7528\u6237\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u65f6\u5219\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u4e8c\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u770b\u5f85[93]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u6240\u6709\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u793e\u533a\u7684\u6210\u5458\u591a\u8ba4\u53ef\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6ce8\u518c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u83b7\u5f97\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u80fd\u591f\u6301\u7eed\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ef4\u62a4\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8eIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u5386\u53f2\u5219\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u5b9a\u6709\u5176\u5b8c\u6574\u7eaa\u5f55\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u5728\u906d\u9047\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\u4e5f\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u975e\u6ce8\u518c\u7528\u6237\u6765\u7ef4\u62a4\u81ea\u8eab\u89c2\u70b9[94]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2009\u5e74Business Insider<\/a>\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u62c5\u4efb\u6587\u7ae0\u7f16\u8f91\u66a8\u65b0\u95fb\u8bb0\u8005\u7684\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u5e03\u6d1b\u5409\u7279<\/a>\uff08Henry Blodget\uff09\u4fbf\u8868\u793a\u5728\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e0a\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u6837\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6700\u8fd1\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u7f16\u8f91\u7eaa\u5f55\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u201c\u5916\u4eba\u201d\uff08\u9c9c\u5c11\u53c2\u4e0e\u521b\u5efa\u6216\u8005\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff09\u6240\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u800c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u6574\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u683c\u5f0f\u8c03\u6574\u5219\u662f\u7531\u201c\u81ea\u5df1\u4eba\u201d\uff08\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u6ce8\u518c\u7528\u6237\uff09\u8d1f\u8d23[95]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.9.3 \u7f16\u8f91\u6761\u76ee<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5e76\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5fc5\u987b\u9274\u5b9a\u5176\u8eab\u4efd[96]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u5176\u975e\u4f20\u7edf\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u589e\u957f\u6a21\u5f0f\u53cd\u800c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u201c\u662f\u8c01\u7f16\u8f91\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff1f\u201d\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u6210\u4e3a\u4eca\u65e5\u6570\u4e2aWeb 2.0<\/a>\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5982digg<\/a>\u7b49\u79d1\u6280\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e5f\u591a\u6b21\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898[97]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u66fe\u7ecf\u8868\u793a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u53ea\u6709\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u533a\u2026\u2026\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u767e\u4e2a\u5fd7\u613f\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u4e13\u95e8\u5c0f\u7ec4\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u8868\u793a\u8d21\u732e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u90e8\u5206\u201c\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u50cf\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\u3002\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u5728\u8c03\u67e5524\u540d\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7528\u6237\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6709\u8d85\u8fc750\uff05\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4ec5\u75310.7%\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u7528\u6237\u7f16\u8f91\u3002\u7136\u800c\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u65af\u74e6\u5c14\u8328<\/a>\u5728\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bc4\u4f30\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u8005\u65f6\u5219\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u518d\u5176\u6240\u91c7\u6837\u7684\u51e0\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u501f\u7531\u6587\u5b57\u5b57\u8282\u8ba1\u7b97\uff09\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u7531\u4f4e\u7f16\u8f91\u6b21\u6570\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6240\u8d21\u732e[98]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u800c2007\u5e74\u8fbe\u7279\u8305\u65af\u5b66\u9662<\/a>\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u6570\u636e\u5219\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u533f\u540d\u548c\u5076\u5c14\u8d21\u732e\u8005\u5728\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7f51\u7ad9\u6ce8\u518c\u8005\u89c6\u4e3a\u53ef\u9760\u77e5\u8bc6\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u201d\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u533f\u540d\u8d21\u732e\u8005\u7ecf\u5e38\u53ea\u4fee\u6539\u4e0e\u81ea\u8eab\u6709\u5173\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5927\u591a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u7ed9\u4e88\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u671f\u671b\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u5bb9\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u80fd\u7ed9\u4e88\u53ef\u4f9b\u6838\u67e5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6e90[99]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2003\u5e74\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5b89\u5fb7\u70c8\u00b7\u5947\u798f\u5229\u5229<\/a>\uff08Andrea Ciffolilli\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0cWiki\u8f6f\u4ef6\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u73af\u5883\u5e95\u4e0b\uff0c\u51ed\u501f\u8457\u4f4e\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c<\/a>\u548c\u201c\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5efa\u8bbe\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u9488\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u6210\u529f\u9f13\u52b1\u4ed6\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\u5176\u4e2d\u3002\u800c2008\u5e74\u4e54\u7eb3\u68ee\u00b7\u9f50\u7279\u6797<\/a>\uff08Jonathan Zittrain\uff09\u6240\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u672a\u6765<\/a>\u300b\uff08The Future of the Internet\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5f00\u653e\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u671f\u671b\u501f\u6b64\u57f9\u80b2\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u60f3\u6cd5[100]<\/a>[101]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u7136\u800c\u57282008\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u4e0d\u592a\u540c\u610f\u81ea\u8eab\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fd8\u8981\u6ce8\u91cd\u5f00\u653e\u7a0b\u5ea6[102]<\/a>[103]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u57282009\u5e74\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u6709\u8ff9\u8c61\u663e\u793a\u51fa\uff0c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u793e\u533a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\u53cd\u800c\u7ed9\u4e88\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u963b\u529b\u3002[104]<\/a><\/sup>\u201d\u800c\u57282009\u5e74\u4e3e\u529e\u7684OOPSLA<\/a>\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a<\/a>\u9996\u5e2d\u6280\u672f\u5b98\u66a8\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e08\u5e03\u91cc\u6602\u00b7\u7ef4\u4f2f<\/a>\uff08Brion Vibber\uff09\u5219\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u201c\u793e\u533a\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\uff1a\u8ba9\u4f60\u672c\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u987a\u5229\u8fd0\u884c\u60a8\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u201d\uff08Community Performance Optimization: Making Your People Run as Smoothly as Your Site\uff09\u4e00\u6587\u3002\u5e76\u5728\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u9664\u4e86\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u578b\u793e\u533a\u7684\u52df\u6b3e\u95ee\u9898\u5916\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u9762\u4e34\u4e86\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u6311\u6218[105]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.9.4 \u7528\u6237\u4ea4\u6d41<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u5728Wiki\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u534f\u52a9\u4e4b\u4e0b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u9664\u4e86\u6709\u7f16\u8f91\u9875\u9762\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u201c\u8ba8\u8bba\u201d\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u793e\u533a\u6210\u5458\u4fbf\u4f1a\u5728\u6b64\u76f8\u4e92\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u501f\u7531\u201c\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u8bdd\u9875\u201d\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u8054\u7cfb\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7528\u6237\u3002\u900f\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9875\u9762\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7528\u6237\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u501f\u7531\u4ea4\u8c08\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u534f\u52a9\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5e94\u8be5\u5305\u542b\u4ec0\u4e48\u3001\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5982\u4f55\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u4fc3\u4f7f\u793e\u533a\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8[106]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u66a8\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a<\/a>\u524d\u4efb\u7406\u4e8b\u957f\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u65af\u8bfa<\/a>\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e0b[107]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u9996\u6b21\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u533a\u62a5\u7eb8\u7684\u300a\u7ef4\u57fa\u77ed\u4fe1<\/a>\u300b\uff08Wikipedia Signpost\uff09[108]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u300a\u7ef4\u57fa\u77ed\u4fe1\u300b\u4e4b\u4e2d\u9664\u4e86\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8fd1\u671f\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u534f\u52a9\u63a8\u5e7f\u5305\u62ec\u7ef4\u57fa\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90<\/a>\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4ece\u59d0\u59b9\u9879\u76ee\u6240\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u5927\u578b\u6d3b\u52a8[109]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b64\u5916\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7528\u6237\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u65b9\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u4ed8\u51fa\uff0c\u56e0\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u201c\u7ef4\u57fa\u661f\u7ae0<\/a>\u201d\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5956\u52b1\u4e4b\u7528\u3002\u671f\u671b\u900f\u8fc7\u4e2a\u522b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u201c\u7ef4\u57fa\u661f\u7ae0\u201d\u6765\u4fc3\u4f7f\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u793e\u533a\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u7ef4\u57fa\u661f\u7ae0\u201d\u6240\u8d5e\u626c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\u6709\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u6761\u76ee\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u793e\u533a\u534f\u52a9\uff0c\u884c\u653f\u5de5\u4f5c\u5230\u548c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u59d0\u59b9\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u5de5\u4f5c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u6790\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u91c7\u884c\u201c\u7ef4\u57fa\u661f\u7ae0\u201d\u81ea\u7531\u6388\u4e88\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u793e\u533a\u80fd\u591f\u4e00\u540c\u4ece\u4e8b\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u9879\u76ee[110]<\/a>[111]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.9.5 \u8d44\u6599\u7edf\u8ba1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5404\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u7248\u672c\u4e0e\u5176\u53c2\u4e0e\u7f16\u8f91\u3001\u6765\u81ea\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u7167\u8868<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0a\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u8005\u201c\u53ea\u670913\uff05\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u8d21\u732e\u8005\u5e73\u5747\u5e74\u9f84\u5219\u662f\u572825\u5c81\u5de6\u53f3\u201d\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8463\u4e8b\u82cf\u00b7\u52a0\u5fb7\u7eb3<\/a>\uff08Sue Gardner\uff09\u4fbf\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u57282015\u5e74\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u5973\u6027\u7f16\u8f91\u7528\u6237\u589e\u52a0\u523025\uff05\u5de6\u53f3[112]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5168\u56fd\u5987\u5973\u7814\u7a76\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/a>\uff08National Council for Research on Women\uff09\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7433\u8fbe\u00b7\u5df4\u65bd<\/a>\uff08Linda Basch\uff09\u5219\u6307\u51fa\u5728\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u5973\u6027\u7f16\u8f91\u8005\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\u6709\u8d85\u8fc750\uff05\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5b66\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3001\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u548c\u535a\u58eb\u8bfe\u7a0b[113]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u800c\u57282012\u5e74\u65f6\u5854\u54c8\u00b7\u4e9a\u897f\u5c14<\/a>\uff08Taha Yasseri\uff09\u548c\u96c5\u8bfa\u4ec0\u00b7\u67ef\u7279\u5179<\/a>\uff08J\u00e1nos Kert\u00e9sz\uff09\u5219\u5728\u300aPLoS ONE<\/a>\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u5404\u4e2a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u793e\u533a\u5176\u663c\u591c\u6d3b\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u76f8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8f83\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u4f30\u8ba1\u5176\u4ed6\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u4f7f\u7528\u6237\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u7248\u672c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u62a5\u544a\u663e\u793a\u82f1\u8bed\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u5317\u7f8e\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u6b21\u6570\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u63a5\u8fd150\uff05\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5728\u7b80\u6613\u82f1\u8bed\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1<\/a>\u66f4\u964d\u4f4e\u81f325\uff05[114]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u9879\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u5219\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u591f\u57282015\u5e74\u5c06\u5357\u534a\u7403\u7f16\u8f91\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u523037\uff05[115]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.9.6 \u6761\u76ee\u5185\u5bb9<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u5ea6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
2008\u5e74\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5185\u6761\u76ee\u5206\u7c7b\u6240\u5360\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u5706\u997c\u56fe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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2008\u5e74\u65f6\uff0c\u5361\u5185\u57fa\u6885\u9686\u5927\u5b66<\/a>\u548c\u5e15\u7f57\u5965\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/a>\u4e00\u540c\u9488\u5bf9\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u57282006\u5e747\u6708\u52302008\u5e741\u6708\u95f4\u6709\u5173\u4e3b\u9898\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u589e\u957f\u60c5\u5f62\u6765\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5404\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u6240\u5360\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e0e\u589e\u957f\u60c5\u51b5\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u201c\u6587\u5316\u827a\u672f\u201d\u7c7b\u578b\u7ea6\u536030%\uff08\u589e\u957f210%\uff09\u3001\u201c\u4f20\u8bb0\u4eba\u7269\u201d\u7ea6\u536015%\uff08\u589e\u957f97%\uff09\u3001\u201c\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u201d\u7c7b\u578b\u7ea6\u536014%\uff08\u589e\u957f52%\uff09\u3001\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u7c7b\u578b\u7ea6\u536012%\uff08\u589e\u957f83%\uff09\u3001\u201c\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u7c7b\u578b\u7ea6\u536011%\uff08\u589e\u957f143%\uff09\u3001\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u7c7b\u578b\u7ea6\u53609%\uff08\u589e\u957f213%\uff09\u3001\u201c\u5e94\u7528\u6280\u672f\u201d\u7c7b\u578b\u7ea6\u53604%\uff08\u589e\u957f-6%\uff09\u3001\u201c\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u201d\u7c7b\u578b\u7ea6\u53602%\uff08\u589e\u957f38%\uff09\u3001\u201c\u8eab\u4f53\u4fdd\u5065\u201d\u7c7b\u578b\u7ea6\u53602%\uff08\u589e\u957f42%\uff09\u3001\u201c\u6570\u5b66\u903b\u8f91\u201d\u7c7b\u578b\u7ea6\u53601%\uff08\u589e\u957f146%\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u201d\u7c7b\u578b\u7ea6\u53601%\uff08\u589e\u957f160%\uff09[119]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u8fd9\u6b21\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6240\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4ec5\u662f\u6307\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u80fd\u6570\u91cf\u6240\u5360\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u5176\u6761\u76ee\u5219\u662f\u77ed\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u800c\u6570\u91cf\u6240\u5360\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u5176\u6761\u76ee\u5185\u5bb9\u5219\u6709\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f25\u8865\u5173\u6ce8\u76f8\u5173\u4e3b\u9898\u8005\u8f83\u4e3a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u57282011\u5e74\u7b56\u5212\u4e86\u201c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7231\u56fe\u4e66\u9986<\/a>\u201d\uff08Wikipedia Loves Libraries\uff09\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u501f\u6b64\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u7ebd\u7ea6\u516c\u5171\u56fe\u4e66\u9986<\/a>\u7b49\u5404\u5927\u516c\u5171\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5408\u4f5c\u5b8c\u5584\u8868\u6f14\u827a\u672f\u8fd9\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9[120]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u8d21\u732e\u8005\u534f\u52a9\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u6761\u76ee\u589e\u957f\u9879\u76ee\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u6240\u8be5\u6536\u5f55\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u8303\u56f4\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65ad\u6709\u7f16\u8f91\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u51fa\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5220\u9664\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u51fa\u73b0<\/a>[121]<\/a>[122]<\/a>[123]<\/a>[124]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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3.9.7 \u8bed\u8a00\u7248\u672c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

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\u7531\u4e8e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6765\u81ea\u5168\u7403\u5404\u5730\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u76f8\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u65f6\u5374\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u8a00\uff0c\u53c8\u6216\u8005\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u7528\u8bed\u5f71\u54cd\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f7c\u6b64\u7528\u8bed\u51fa\u73b0\u4e9b\u5fae\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u62fc\u5199<\/a>\u6216\u8005\u7528\u6cd5\u4e60\u60ef\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u51b2\u7a81\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u82f1\u8bed\u7528\u6237\u5c31\u201ccolor\u201d\u548c\u201ccolour\u201d\u7b49\u62fc\u6cd5\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e2d\u6587\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7e41\u7b80\u4f53\u8f6c\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u7b49\uff09[132]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u70b9\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u4f7f\u5f97\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6761\u76ee\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0d\u4e00[133]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e4b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u5982\u540c\u201c\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u201d\u822c\u666e\u904d\u65bd\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u9488\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4ecd\u7136\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7528\u6237\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5176\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5404\u4e2a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\u5728\u65b9\u9488\u548c\u4f5c\u6cd5\u4e0a\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u5404\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u7167\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9650\u5236\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u6839\u636e\u8bb8\u53ef\u800c\u91c7\u7eb3\u81ea\u7531\u5185\u5bb9<\/a>\u6216\u8005\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528<\/a>\u7684\u5185\u5bb9[48]<\/a>[134]<\/a>[135]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u81ea2001\u5e741\u6708\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u6761\u76ee\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u7ea2\u8272\uff09\u548c\u524d\u5341\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u7248\u672c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u6761\u76ee\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u84dd\u8272\uff09\u6240\u5360\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u89c1\u622a\u81f32007\u5e747\u6708\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4ecd\u7136\u62e5\u6709\u7740\u6240\u6709\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8fd123\uff05\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u6570<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u5219\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u53d1\u5c55\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7248\u672c\u8868\u793a\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u5230\u201c\u5e94\u8be5\u8981\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4e00\u540c\u52aa\u529b\u521b\u9020\u5e76\u4e14\u5145\u5206\u63a8\u5e7f\u7684\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u4e4b\u81ea\u7531\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u201d[136]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u867d\u7136\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u7248\u672c\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u4f5c\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5176\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d1f\u8d23\u76d1\u7763\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u7531\u5143\u7ef4\u57fa<\/a>\u8d1f\u8d23\u534f\u8c03\u5404\u4e2a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u5e76\u4e14\u63d0\u4f9b\u6240\u6709\u8bed\u8a00\u7248\u672c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u91cd\u8981\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u5de5\u4f5c[137]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ef4\u62a4\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u8fd0\u4f5c[138]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u5143\u7ef4\u57fa\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5e94\u8be5\u90fd\u8981\u6709\u4e4b\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5305\u62ec\u4f20\u8bb0\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u5730\u7406\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6280\u672f\u3001\u98df\u54c1\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u7b49\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5185\u5bb9[139]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5f53\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u8bed\u8a00\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u65f6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e5f\u80fd\u6709\u540c\u6837\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5c0f\u57ce\u9547\u6761\u76ee\u4fbf\u53ef\u80fd\u4ec5\u6709\u82f1\u8bed\u7248\u672c\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u4e5f\u6709\u4e9b\u6761\u76ee\u6216\u8bb8\u80fd\u591f\u4e8e\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5173\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4fbf\u80fd\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u7248\u672c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u201c\u5173\u6ce8\u5ea6<\/a>\u201d\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3.9.8 \u82f1\u8bed\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

2014\u5e743\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>\u8868\u793a\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u4eba\u6570\u4e03\u5e74\u5185\u4e0b\u964d\u4e86\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u6d41\u5931\u7387\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u8bf4\u8981\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u81ea2008\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u6708\u7f16\u8f915\u6b21\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u4eba\u6570\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7f16\u8f91\u4eba\u6570\u57282007\u5e74\u8fbe\u5230\u5cf0\u503c\uff0c\u7ea6\u4e3a50,000\u4eba\uff0c\u52302014\u5e74\u521d\u964d\u81f330,000\u4eba\u3002[143]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u6d4f\u89c8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

4.1 \u5185\u5bb9\u6388\u6743<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5171\u4eab\u7f72\u540d-\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5171\u4eab3.0\u534f\u8bae<\/a>\uff08\u642c\u8fd0\u6ce8\uff1a\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u5347\u7ea7\u4e3a4.0\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u672c\u7ad9\u5df2\u642c\u8fd0\u8be5\u534f\u8bae\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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4.2 \u4f20\u64ad\u4ecb\u8d28<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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