{"id":1336,"date":"2023-09-22T01:02:09","date_gmt":"2023-09-21T17:02:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=1336"},"modified":"2024-05-21T22:59:01","modified_gmt":"2024-05-21T14:59:01","slug":"crrc-qingdao-sifang-fulltext-zhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2023\/09\/22\/crrc-qingdao-sifang-fulltext-zhen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4e2d\u8f66\u9752\u5c9b\u56db\u65b9\u673a\u8f66\u8f66\u8f86\/CRRC Qingdao Sifang – \uff08\u5168\u6587\uff09\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u878d\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff08Wikipedia\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8bd1\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8bd1\u6587\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6240\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u4e0e\u539f\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faaCC-BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/a>\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u6587\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae<\/a><\/p>\n\u5c01\u9762\u56fe\u7247\uff1a\u4e2d\u8f66\u9752\u5c9b\u56db\u65b9\u673a\u8f66\u8f66\u8f86\u80a1\u4efd\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u68d8\u6d2a\u6ee9\u5236\u9020\u57fa\u57301\u53f7\u95e8\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u53c8\u9ed1\u8717\u58f3<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u63d0\u793a<\/strong>\uff1a\u6b64\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2d\u8f66\u56db\u65b9\u8f66\u8f86<\/a>\u6216\u4e2d\u8f66\u9752\u5c9b\u56db\u65b9\u8f66\u8f86\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/a>\uff08<\/strong>\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761<\/a>\uff09<\/strong>\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u8f66\u9752\u5c9b\u56db\u65b9\u673a\u8f66\u8f66\u8f86\u80a1\u4efd\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8<\/strong>\uff0c\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff1aCRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd.<\/strong>\uff09\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u201c\u4e2d\u8f66\u56db\u65b9\u80a1\u4efd\u516c\u53f8<\/strong>\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e2d\u8f66\u56db\u65b9<\/strong>\u201d\u6216\u56db\u5382<\/strong>\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u8f66\u80a1\u4efd\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8<\/a>\u7684\u5b50\u516c\u53f8\u4e4b\u4e00\u3001\u56fd\u6709\u7279\u5927\u578b\u4e00\u7ea7\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4ece\u4e8b\u8f68\u9053\u4ea4\u901a<\/a>\u673a\u8f66<\/a>\u8f66\u8f86<\/a>\u88c5\u5907\u5236\u9020\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u9ad8\u901f\u52a8\u8f66\u7ec4<\/a>\u5b9e\u9a8c\u57fa\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd.<\/strong>(Chinese<\/a>:\u4e2d\u8f66\u9752\u5c9b\u56db\u65b9\u673a\u8f66\u8f66\u8f86\u80a1\u4efd\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8;lit.<\/a>‘CRRC Qingdao Sifang Locomotive & Rolling Stock Co., Ltd.’) is a Chineserolling stock<\/a>manufacturer based in Qingdao<\/a>,Shandong<\/a> province. Founded in 1900 during theGerman occupation<\/a>, Qingdao Sifang is one of the oldest rolling stock manufacturers in China.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e2d\u8f66\u9752\u5c9b\u56db\u65b9\u673a\u8f66\u8f66\u8f86\u80a1\u4efd\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u4e2d\u8f66\u9752\u5c9b\u56db\u65b9\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5c71\u4e1c\u9752\u5c9b\u7684\u8f66\u8f66\u8f86\u5236\u9020\u5546\u3002\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1900\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u5360\u9886\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u9752\u5c9b\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u673a\u8f66\u8f66\u8f86\u5236\u9020\u5546\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u516c\u53f8\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u592e\u4f01\u4e1a<\/td><\/tr>
\u673a\u6784\u4ee3\u7801<\/td>91370200740365750X<\/td><\/tr>
\u6210\u7acb<\/td>1900\u5e74\uff0c\u200b122\u5e74\u524d
\uff08\u56db\u65b9\u673a\u8f66\u8f66\u8f86\u5382\uff09
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\u8425\u4e1a\u989d<\/td>386\u4ebf\u5143\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\uff082014\u5e74\uff09[1][2]<\/td><\/tr>
\u6240\u6709\u6743\u8005<\/td>\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u8f66<\/td><\/tr>
\u5458\u5de5\u4eba\u6570<\/td>\u8d85\u8fc76500\u540d[1]<\/td><\/tr>
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135,892.27\u4e07\u5143\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\uff082002\/7\/22\uff09
310,371.23\u4e07\u5143\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\uff082009\/9\/30\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u6bcd\u516c\u53f8<\/td>\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u8f66\u80a1\u4efd\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8<\/td><\/tr>
\u4e3b\u8981\u5b50\u516c\u53f8<\/td>\u4e2d\u8f66\u4f5b\u5c71\u56db\u65b9\u8f68\u9053\u8f66\u8f86\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u9752\u5c9b\u56db\u65b9\u5ba2\u8f66\u7ef4\u4fee\u3001\u9752\u5c9b\u56db\u65b9\u94c1\u8def\u8fd0\u8f93\u8bbe\u5907\u88c5\u914d\u7b4940\u591a\u5bb6<\/td><\/tr>
\u7f51\u7ad9<\/td>http:\/\/www.crrcgc.cc\/sfgf<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1. \u5386\u53f2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1.1 \u6e05\u672b\u53ca\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\u671f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1.1.1 \u6210\u7acb\u56db\u65b9\u603b\u4fee\u9020\u5382<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"\"\/
1900\u5e74\u4ee3\u5174\u5efa\u7684\u5c71\u4e1c\u94c1\u8def\u56db\u65b9\u603b\u4fee\u7406\u5382\u5382\u623f\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u94a2\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aAdolf Haupt<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"\/
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\"\"\/
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1937\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89<\/a>\u5168\u9762\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u80f6\u6d4e\u94c1\u8def\u53c8\u5949\u4ee4\u5c06\u673a\u8f66\u3001\u8f66\u8f86\u548c\u5668\u6750\u7269\u8d44\u8fc5\u901f\u5411\u5185\u5730\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f9b\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u6025\u9700\uff0c\u5e76\u9632\u843d\u5165\u654c\u624b\u3002\u56db\u65b9\u673a\u5382\u4ea6\u5c06\u4e3b\u8981\u673a\u68b0\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u7269\u8d44\u62c6\u88c5\u5357\u8fd0\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5b89\u88c5\u4e8e\u521a\u65b0\u5efa\u7684\u6e56\u5357\u682a\u6d32\u673a\u5382<\/a>\u3002\u5927\u6279\u804c\u5de5\u6bc5\u7136\u968f\u8f66\u968f\u5382\u968f\u673a\u5668\u5357\u4e0b\uff0c\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\u56db\u65b9\u673a\u5382\u6709360\u591a\u540d\u6280\u672f\u5de5\u4eba\u53bb\u4e86\u6d1b\u9633<\/a>\u3001\u897f\u5b89<\/a>\u3001\u6c49\u53e3<\/a>\u3001\u682a\u6d32<\/a>\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u5de5\u4eba\u5219\u79bb\u5382\u5230\u5404\u5730\u9003\u907f\u6218\u706b[12]<\/a>\u3002\u65e5\u519b\u4e8e1938\u5e74\u518d\u6b21\u4fb5\u5360\u9752\u5c9b\uff0c\u5e76\u57281\u670810\u65e5\u4fb5\u5360\u56db\u65b9\u5382\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u65e5\u519b\u5360\u9886\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u56db\u65b9\u94c1\u8def\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c06\u5382\u5185\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u673a\u5668\u548c\u7269\u8d44\u62c6\u5378\u8fd0\u8d70[13]<\/a>\u3002\u65e5\u519b\u5360\u9886\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u56db\u65b9\u94c1\u8def\u5de5\u5382\u66fe\u5148\u540e\u5f52\u5317\u652f\u65b9\u9762\u519b<\/a>\u3001\u5357\u6ee1\u6d32\u94c1\u9053\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e<\/a>\u5317\u652f\u4e8b\u52a1\u5c40\u6d4e\u5357\u51fa\u5f20\u6240\u3001\u534e\u5317\u4ea4\u901a\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e<\/a>\u7b49\u673a\u6784\u7ba1\u8f96[14]<\/a>\u30021938\u5e74\u81f31945\u5e748\u6708\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u65e5\u672c\u7b49\u56fd\u8fd0\u6765\u4e4b\u96f6\u4ef6\u7ec4\u88c5\u30df\u30ab\u30a4\uff08\u89e3\u653e1\u578b<\/a>\uff09\u3001\u30df\u30ab\u30ed\uff08\u89e3\u653e6\u578b<\/a>\uff09\u3001\u30d1\u30b7\u30ed\uff08\u80dc\u52296\u578b<\/a>\uff09\u7b49\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\u8f66\u5171380\u8f86[15]<\/a> \u30021944\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6218\u573a<\/a>\u4e0a\u4e0d\u65ad\u5931\u5229\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5f53\u5c40\u4e0d\u4f46\u547d\u4ee4\u56db\u65b9\u5de5\u5382\u9664\u5b8c\u6210\u673a\u8f66\u8f66\u8f86\u4fee\u9020\u4efb\u52a1\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u8bd5\u5236\u751f\u4ea7\u8feb\u51fb\u70ae\u5f39<\/a>\uff0c\u5382\u5185\u5de5\u4eba\u91c7\u53d6\u6d88\u6781\u6020\u5de5\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u6765\u5bf9\u6297\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5927\u91cf\u5e9f\u54c1\u3001\u54d1\u5f39\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5229\u7528\u56db\u65b9\u5de5\u5382\u5236\u9020\u70ae\u5f39\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u6700\u7ec8\u843d\u7a7a[10]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1945\u5e74\u65e5\u519b\u6295\u964d\uff0c\u80f6\u6d4e\u94c1\u8def\u8fde\u540c\u56db\u65b9\u94c1\u8def\u5de5\u5382\u7531\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u63a5\u6536\u3002\u52301945\u5e7411\u670826\u65e5\u5357\u4eac\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u63a5\u7ba1\u65f6\uff0c\u5de5\u5382\u5360\u5730\u9762\u79ef26\u8fbe\u516c\u9877\uff0c\u5efa\u7b51\u9762\u79ef51300\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u5927\u5c0f\u673a\u5668\u548c\u88c5\u7f6e937\u53f0\u4ef6\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba3070\u4eba[9]<\/a>\u30021945\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6ca7\u53e3\u7684\u201c\u4e1c\u4e9a\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u201d\u94a2\u94c1\u5382\u62e8\u4ea4\u56db\u65b9\u5de5\u5382\uff0c\u6539\u540d\u4e3a\u56db\u65b9\u5de5\u5382\u6ca7\u53e3\u5206\u5382\u3002\u201c\u4e1c\u4e9a\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u201d\u4f4d\u4e8e\u9752\u5c9b\u5e02\u56db\u6d41\u4e2d\u8def5\u53f7\uff0c\u539f\u4e3a\u6c11\u8425\u80f6\u4e1c\u94c1\u5de5\u5382\uff0c\u540e\u4e8e1939\u5e74\u88ab\u65e5\u672c\u5927\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u4fb5\u593a\uff0c\u6218\u540e\u5f52\u56db\u65b9\u5de5\u5382\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u540e\u518d\u6539\u79f0\u56db\u65b9\u673a\u5382\u94f8\u9020\u5382\u3002\u4e8c\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u56db\u65b9\u5de5\u5382\u5f88\u5feb\u6062\u590d\u6b63\u5e38\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u9879\u4e3b\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u7ec4\u88c5\u3001\u7ffb\u65b0\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72<\/a>\u7531\u4f0a\u6717\u8fd0\u6765\u7684\u65e7\u8d27\u8f66\u8fd1700\u8f86[16]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u968f\u540e\u56fd\u5171\u5185\u6218<\/a>\u5168\u9762\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u9752\u5c9b\u7269\u4ef7\u98de\u6da8\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u6bcf\u51b5\u6108\u4e0b\uff0c\u53c8\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u591a\u6b21\u7f62\u5de5[10]<\/a>\u3002\u81f31948\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5185\u6218\u8282\u8282\u8d25\u9000\uff0c\u5bc6\u8c0b\u5c06\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u4f01\u4e1a\u5357\u8fc1\uff0c\u5e76\u4f01\u56fe\u5728\u64a4\u79bb\u9752\u5c9b\u524d\u628a\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5382\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u70b8\u6bc1\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5728\u9752\u5c9b\u7684\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53f7\u53ec\u56db\u65b9\u5de5\u5382\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5e72\u90e8\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u201c\u62a4\u5382\u6d3b\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u9884\u9632\u4e00\u5207\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7834\u574f[10]<\/a>\u30021949\u5e746\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u89e3\u653e\u519b<\/a>\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u9752\u5c9b\uff0c\u63a5\u7ba1\u4e86\u56db\u65b9\u94c1\u8def\u5de5\u5382\uff0c\u5e76\u5212\u5f52\u6d4e\u5357\u94c1\u8def\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40<\/a>\u7ba1\u8f96[14]<\/a>\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u56db\u65b9\u94c1\u8def\u5de5\u5382\u5df2\u5efa\u5382\u8fd1\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2 \u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u65f6\u671f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1.2.1 \u81ea\u529b\u751f\u4ea7<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"\"\/
1952\u5e748\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u201c\u516b\u4e00\u53f7\u201d\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\u8f66\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\u672a\u77e5\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"\/
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\"\"\/
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1966\u5e74\u81f31975\u5e74\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d<\/a>\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c<\/a>\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e09\u7ebf\u5efa\u8bbe<\/a>\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u65b9\u9488\uff0c\u56db\u65b9\u673a\u5382\u4e00\u5ea6\u5c06\u673a\u8f66\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u4eba\u5458\u5185\u8fc1\u56db\u5ddd<\/a>\u8d44\u9633<\/a>\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u8d44\u9633\u673a\u8f66\u5382<\/a>\uff0c\u800c\u4ee4\u9752\u5c9b\u5de5\u5382\u57fa\u5730\u5efa\u8bbe\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u524a\u5f31\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u81f31975\u5e74\u672b\uff0c\u56db\u65b9\u673a\u5382\u62e5\u6709\u4e3b\u8981\u673a\u68b0\u8bbe\u5907\u603b\u8ba11763\u53f0\uff0c\u804c\u5de5\u603b\u6570\u4e3a9462\u4eba\u3002\u5e74\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a\u65b0\u9020\u5185\u71c3\u673a\u8f6635\u53f0\u3001\u5ba2\u8f66170\u8f86\uff0c\u4fee\u7406\u5ba2\u8f6660\u8f86[9]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2.2 \u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"\"\/
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1.2.3 \u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
C151A\u52a8\u8f66\u7ec4\u4e0a\u7684\u94ed\u724c\uff0c\u5370\u6709\u5ddd\u5d0e\u91cd\u5de5\u548c\u5357\u8f66\u9752\u5c9b\u56db\u65b9\u673a\u8f66\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aSkirtick<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u4ece2004\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5357\u8f66\u9752\u5c9b\u56db\u65b9\u80a1\u4efd\u5728\u94c1\u9053\u90e8\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b9e\u65bd\u56fd\u5916\u5148\u8fdb\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5f15\u8fdb\u6d88\u5316\u5438\u6536\u518d\u521b\u65b0\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c<\/a>\u5ddd\u5d0e\u91cd\u5de5<\/a>\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u7814\u5236\u65f6\u901f200\u516c\u91cc\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684CRH2\u578b<\/a>\u201c\u548c\u8c10\u53f7<\/a>\u201d\u9ad8\u901f\u52a8\u8f66\u7ec4\u3002\u5f15\u8fdb\u56fd\u5916\u5148\u8fdb\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u53d1\u5236\u9020\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u4ea7\u4e1a\u683c\u5c40\u90fd\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5357\u8f66\u9752\u5c9b\u56db\u65b9\u80a1\u4efd\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u9ad8\u901f\u5217\u8f66\u4e09\u5927\u6280\u672f\u5e73\u53f0\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6280\u672f\u5e73\u53f0\u3001\u5236\u9020\u6280\u672f\u5e73\u53f0\u548c\u4ea7\u54c1\u6280\u672f\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u5728\u7814\u5236\u65f6\u901f300\u516c\u91cc\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7ea7\u522b\u52a8\u8f66\u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a\u653b\u514b\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5357\u8f66\u9752\u5c9b\u56db\u65b9\u80a1\u4efd\u5148\u540e\u4e0e\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66<\/a>\u3001\u897f\u5357\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b66<\/a>\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u94c1\u9053\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9662<\/a>\u7b49\u9ad8\u7b49\u9662\u6821\u548c\u79d1\u7814\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u901f\u5217\u8f66\u7684\u9ad8\u7aef\u6280\u672f\u9886\u57df\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u5408\u4f5c\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4ee5\u5357\u8f66\u9752\u5c9b\u56db\u65b9\u80a1\u4efd\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\u3001\u201c\u4ea7\u5b66\u7814\u7528\u201d\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u56e2\u961f\u3002\u53d7\u60e0\u4e8e\u8fd1\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u9ad8\u901f\u94c1\u8def\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u81ea2006\u5e74\u8d77\u5357\u8f66\u9752\u5c9b\u56db\u65b9\u80a1\u4efd\u7684\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\u6309\u5e74\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u957f\u3002\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\u75312003\u5e74\u768413\u4ebf\u5143\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\uff0c\u52302006\u5e74\u768430.9\u4ebf\u5143\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\uff0c\u518d\u4e0a\u5347\u52302009\u5e74\u7684101\u4ebf\u5143\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\uff0c6\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\u589e\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5230670%\u3002\u5176\u4e2d2008\u5e74\u5357\u8f66\u9752\u5c9b\u56db\u65b9\u80a1\u4efd\u7684\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\u589e\u957f\u8fbe\u523055.6%\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9ad8\u901f\u52a8\u8f66\u7ec4\u5360\u5230\u4e86\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\u7684\u8fd170%[26]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u540c\u65f6\u81ea2000\u5e74\u4ee3\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u8f68\u9053\u4ea4\u901a<\/a>\u70ed\u6f6e\u4e5f\u5e26\u52a8\u4e86\u57ce\u8f68\u8f66\u8f86\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5357\u8f66\u9752\u5c9b\u56db\u65b9\u80a1\u4efd\u4e8e2003\u5e74\u8d77\u8fdb\u5165\u5730\u94c1<\/a>\u4ea4\u901a\u8f66\u8f86\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u4e3a\u5317\u4eac\u5730\u94c1<\/a>\u516b\u901a\u7ebf<\/a>\u7814\u5236\u751f\u4ea7\u4e8696\u8f86\u65b0\u578b\u57ce\u8f68\u5217\u8f66[28]<\/a>\u30022004\u5e74\u7387\u5148\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c<\/a>\u5ddd\u5d0e\u91cd\u5de5<\/a>\u3001\u4f0a\u85e4\u5fe0\u5546\u4e8b\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e<\/a>\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u5c1a\u5c5e\u6280\u672f\u7a7a\u767d\u7684\u76f4\u7ebf\u7535\u673a<\/a>\u5730\u94c1\u8f66\u8f86\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4e3a\u5e7f\u5dde\u5730\u94c1<\/a>\u56db\u53f7\u7ebf<\/a>\u3001\u4e94\u53f7\u7ebf<\/a>\u7814\u5236\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e03\u5341\u5217\u4e09\u767e\u8f86\u76f4\u7ebf\u7535\u673a\u5730\u94c1\u8f66\u8f86[29]<\/a>\u3002\u57282008\u5e74\u5317\u4eac\u5965\u8fd0\u4f1a<\/a>\u5f00\u5e55\u524d\u5915\u548c2010\u5e74\u56fd\u5e86<\/a>\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u5357\u8f66\u9752\u5c9b\u56db\u65b9\u80a1\u4efd\u4e3a\u5317\u4eac\u5730\u94c1\u4e00\u53f7\u7ebf<\/a>\u548c\u56db\u53f7\u7ebf<\/a>\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5730\u94c1\u8f66\u8f86\u5148\u540e\u6295\u5165\u8fd0\u884c\u30022009\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5411\u65b0\u52a0\u5761<\/a>\u51fa\u53e3\u5730\u94c1\u8f66\u8f86\u7684\u8ba2\u5355\u3002\u5357\u8f66\u9752\u5c9b\u56db\u65b9\u80a1\u4efd\u5c06\u90e8\u5206\u6e90\u81ea\u9ad8\u901f\u5217\u8f66\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6210\u679c\u79fb\u690d\u5230\u5730\u94c1\u8f66\u8f86\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u5236\u9020\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u57ce\u5e02\u8f68\u9053\u4ea4\u901a\u88c5\u5907\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u8d28\u91cf[30]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/
\u68d8\u6d2a\u6ee9\u5236\u9020\u57fa\u5730\u9ad8\u901f\u5217\u8f66\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7ebf\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u53c8\u9ed1\u8717\u58f3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"\/
\u4e2d\u56fd\u9ad8\u901f\u5217\u8f66\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316\u57fa\u5730\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u53c8\u9ed1\u8717\u58f3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2015\u5e747\u670824\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u8f66\u56db\u65b9\u593a\u5f97\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u4e00\u7b14\u5730\u94c1\u8f66\u8f86\u8ba2\u5355\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u662f\u9999\u6e2f\u94c1\u8def\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8<\/a>\uff0c\u5171\u6709744\u8f86\u8f66\uff08\u537393\u52178\u5361\u5217\u8f66\uff09\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u5185\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4e00\u7b14\u5730\u94c1\u8f66\u8f86\u8ba2\u5355<\/a>\u3002[33]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2016\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u8f66\u56db\u65b9\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u62db\u6807\u4e2d\u8d62\u5f97\u829d\u52a0\u54e57000\u7cfb\u5730\u94c1\u8f66\u8f86\u91c7\u8d2d\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5171846\u8f86\u8f66\u3001\u6807\u7684\u91d113.09\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u521b\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5411\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u51fa\u53e3\u5730\u94c1\u8f66\u8f86\u6700\u591a\u7684\u7eaa\u5f55[34]<\/a>\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u8f66\u56db\u65b9\u80a1\u4efd\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u9a6c\u8428\u8bf8\u585e\u5dde\u6625\u7530\u9547<\/a>\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5de5\u5382\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec4\u88c5[34]<\/a>\u30022018\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u5de5\u5382\u5f00\u59cb\u5236\u9020\u706b\u8f66[35]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2016\u5e745\u670819\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u8f66\u9752\u5c9b\u516c\u53f8\u4e0b\u7ebf\u4e2d\u56fd\u9996\u5217\u6c38\u78c1\u8de8\u5ea7\u5f0f\u5355\u8f68\u5217\u8f66<\/a>\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u8de8\u5ea7\u5f0f\u5355\u8f68\u8f66\u8f86\u6280\u672f\u9886\u57df\u53d6\u5f97\u91cd\u8981\u7a81\u7834[36]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/
\u68d8\u6d2a\u6ee9\u5236\u9020\u57fa\u5730\u5382\u623f\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u53c8\u9ed1\u8717\u58f3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"\/
\u68d8\u6d2a\u6ee9\u5236\u9020\u57fa\u5730\u4e13\u7528\u94c1\u8def\u7ebf\uff08\u80cc\u540e\u4e3a\u6e2f\u94c1\u5e02\u533a\u7ebf\u613f\u666f\u5217\u8f66\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u53c8\u9ed1\u8717\u58f3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2. \u4ea7\u54c1\u5217\u8868<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

2.1 \u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\u8f66<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n