{"id":1399,"date":"2023-09-29T17:48:43","date_gmt":"2023-09-29T09:48:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=1399"},"modified":"2024-12-09T10:21:21","modified_gmt":"2024-12-09T02:21:21","slug":"turbofan-zhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2023\/09\/29\/turbofan-zhen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6da1\u8f6e\u98ce\u6247\u53d1\u52a8\u673a \/ Turbofan – \uff08\u5168\u6587\uff09\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u878d\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>\u3002
\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u5e76\u8865\u5145\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b\u5728\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u6709\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u672c\u66ff\u6362\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u5219\u7531\u8fbd\u89c2\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5408\u89c4\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u4e0a\u4f20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff08Wikipedia\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\uff08\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\uff09<\/a>\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8bd1\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002 \u8fbd\u89c2\u6240\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u4e0e\u539f\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faaCC-BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/a>\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u548c\u89c6\u9891\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\u5177\u4f53\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6807\u660e\uff1b\u534f\u8bae\u6587\u672c\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Not to be confused with propfan<\/a> or turboprop<\/a>.<\/em>
\u4e0d\u8981\u4e0e\u87ba\u65cb\u6868\u98ce\u6247\u6216\u6da1\u8f6e\u87ba\u65cb\u6868\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This article is about the mechanism used in jets. For the turbo like air pressure blower sometimes misnamed Turbo fan, see Centrifugal fan<\/a>.<\/em>
\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u662f\u55b7\u6c14\u673a\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u6da1\u8f6e\u5f0f\u7a7a\u6c14\u538b\u529b\u9f13\u98ce\u673a\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u9519\u8bef\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u6da1\u8f6e\u98ce\u6247\u201d\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u201c\u79bb\u5fc3\u98ce\u6247\u201d\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

0. \u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"\/<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\n
\u56fe0-1\u548c0-2\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u6da1\u8f6e\u98ce\u6247\u53d1\u52a8\u673a<\/strong>\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff1aTurbofan Engine<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ea6\u79f0\u6da1\u6247\u53d1\u52a8\u673a<\/strong>\u6216\u8005\u5185\u5916\u51fd\u55b7\u6c14\u53d1\u52a8\u673a<\/strong>\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u71c3\u6c14\u6da1\u8f6e\u5f0f\u822a\u7a7a\u53d1\u52a8\u673a<\/a>\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u5176\u9996\u7ea7\u6247\u53f6\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u8f83\u6da1\u8f6e\u55b7\u6c14\u53d1\u52a8\u673a<\/a>\u5927\u4e0a\u8bb8\u591a\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6da1\u8f6e\u55b7\u6c14\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u901a\u9053\u79f0\u4e3a\u5185\u6db5\u9053\uff0c\u7a7a\u6c14\u5728\u55b7\u6c14\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u71c3\u70e7\u540e\u83b7\u5f97\u673a\u68b0\u80fd\uff0c\u5916\u4fa7\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u901a\u9053\u79f0\u4e3a\u5916\u6db5\u9053\uff0c\u7531\u5185\u542b\u7684\u6da1\u8f6e\u9a71\u52a8\u9996\u7ea7\u589e\u538b\u6247\u53f6<\/a>\u63a8\u52a8\u7a7a\u6c14\uff0c\u589e\u538b\u6247\u53f6\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u87ba\u65cb\u6868<\/a>\u548c\u538b\u7f29\u7a7a\u6c14\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u80fd\u5c06\u90e8\u5206\u5438\u5165\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u901a\u8fc7\u55b7\u6c14\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u5916\u56f4\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f4\u63a5\u63a8\u529b\uff0c\u63a8\u529b\u5373\u7531\u5185\u5916\u6db5\u9053\u5171\u540c\u4ea7\u751f\u3002[1]<\/a>[2]<\/a>\u53ef\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u6da1\u8f6e\u87ba\u65cb\u6868<\/a>\u4e0e\u6da1\u8f6e\u55b7\u6c14<\/a>\u53d1\u52a8\u673a<\/a>\u7684\u63a8\u529b\u4f9b\u7ed9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The turbofan<\/strong> or fanjet<\/strong> is a type of airbreathing jet engine<\/a> that is widely used in aircraft propulsion<\/a>. The word “turbofan” is a combination of the preceding generation engine technology of the turbojet<\/a>, and a reference to the additional fan stage added. It consists of a gas turbine engine<\/a> which achieves mechanical energy<\/a> from combustion,[1]<\/a> and a ducted fan<\/a> that uses the mechanical energy from the gas turbine to force air rearwards. Thus, whereas all the air taken in by a turbojet<\/a> passes through the combustion chamber<\/a> and turbines, in a turbofan some of that air bypasses these components. A turbofan thus can be thought of as a turbojet being used to drive a ducted fan, with both of these contributing to the thrust<\/a>.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6da1\u8f6e\u98ce\u6247\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u6216\u98ce\u6247\u55b7\u6c14\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u98de\u673a\u63a8\u8fdb\u7684\u5438\u6c14\u5f0f\u55b7\u6c14\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u3002 \u201c\u6da1\u8f6e\u98ce\u6247\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u662f\u4e0a\u4e00\u4ee3\u6da1\u8f6e\u55b7\u6c14\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u98ce\u6247\u7ea7\u3002 \u5b83\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u71c3\u70e7\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u673a\u68b0\u80fd\u7684\u71c3\u6c14\u6da1\u8f6e\u53d1\u52a8\u673a[1]\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5229\u7528\u71c3\u6c14\u6da1\u8f6e\u673a\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u80fd\u8feb\u4f7f\u7a7a\u6c14\u5411\u540e\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\u6db5\u9053\u98ce\u6247\u7ec4\u6210\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6da1\u8f6e\u55b7\u6c14\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u5438\u5165\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7a7a\u6c14\u90fd\u4f1a\u7a7f\u8fc7\u71c3\u70e7\u5ba4\u548c\u6da1\u8f6e\u673a\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6da1\u8f6e\u98ce\u6247\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u7a7a\u6c14\u4f1a\u7ed5\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u4ef6\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6da1\u8f6e\u98ce\u6247\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u9a71\u52a8\u6db5\u9053\u98ce\u6247\u7684\u6da1\u8f6e\u55b7\u6c14\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63a8\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6da1\u8f6e\u98ce\u6247\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u5916\u89c2\u4e0a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u66f4\u7c97\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ea\u6709\u4e2d\u5fc3\u662f\u55b7\u6c14\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5168\u662f\u6247\u98ce\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e76\u975e\u53ea\u4f9d\u9760\u6da1\u8f6e\u55b7\u6c14\u76f4\u63a5\u71c3\u6cb9\u71c3\u70e7\u51fa\u9ad8\u538b\u7a7a\u6c14\u63d0\u4f9b\u63a8\u529b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5355\u4f4d\u63a8\u529b\u5c0f\u65f6\u8017\u6cb9\u7387\u6bd4\u7eaf\u6da1\u8f6e\u55b7\u6c14\u4f73\uff0c\u4f46\u87ba\u65cb\u6247\u53f6\u901f\u5ea6\u8d8a\u5feb\u7684\u63a8\u529b\u91cd\u91cf\u6bd4\u8017\u635f\u529f\u7387\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u7eaf\u6da1\u8f6e\u55b7\u6c14\uff0c\u8d85\u97f3\u901f<\/a>\u98de\u884c\u65f6\u5176\u53d7\u5230\u9644\u9762\u5c42<\/a>\u5f71\u54cd\u4f7f\u5176\u4f4e\u6c14\u538b\u9ad8\u7a7a\u4e0e\u8d85\u97f3\u901f\u4e0b\u63a8\u529b\u91cd\u91cf\u4e0d\u4f73\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u4e4e\uff0c\u6da1\u6247\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u6700\u9002\u5408\u98de\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u6bcf\u5c0f\u65f6400\u81f32,000\u516c\u91cc<\/a>\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6545\u6b64\u73b0\u5728\u591a\u6570\u7684\u55b7\u6c14\u673a<\/a>\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u90fd\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u6da1\u6247\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52a8\u529b\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The ratio of the mass-flow of air bypassing the engine core to the mass-flow of air passing through the core is referred to as the bypass ratio<\/a>. The engine produces thrust through a combination of these two portions working together; engines that use more jet thrust<\/a> relative to fan thrust are known as low-bypass turbofans<\/em>, conversely those that have considerably more fan thrust than jet thrust are known as high-bypass<\/em>. Most commercial aviation jet engines in use today are of the high-bypass type,[2]<\/a>[3]<\/a> and most modern military fighter engines are low-bypass.[4]<\/a>[5]<\/a> Afterburners<\/a> are used on low-bypass turbofan engines with bypass and core mixing before the afterburner.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7ed5\u8fc7\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u6d41\u91cf\u4e0e\u901a\u8fc7\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u6d41\u91cf\u4e4b\u6bd4\u79f0\u4e3a\u6db5\u9053\u6bd4\u3002 \u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u63a8\u529b\uff1b \u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u98ce\u6247\u63a8\u529b\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u591a\u55b7\u5c04\u63a8\u529b\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4f4e\u6db5\u9053\u6bd4\u6da1\u8f6e\u98ce\u6247\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u98ce\u6247\u63a8\u529b\u6bd4\u55b7\u5c04\u63a8\u529b\u5927\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6db5\u9053\u6bd4\u6da1\u8f6e\u98ce\u6247\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u3002 \u5f53\u4eca\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5546\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u55b7\u6c14\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u90fd\u662f\u9ad8\u6db5\u9053\u6bd4\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c[2][3]\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u73b0\u4ee3\u519b\u7528\u6218\u6597\u673a\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u90fd\u662f\u4f4e\u6db5\u9053\u6bd4\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u3002[4][5] \u52a0\u529b\u71c3\u70e7\u5ba4\u7528\u4e8e\u4f4e\u65c1\u901a\u6da1\u8f6e\u98ce\u6247\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u5728\u52a0\u529b\u71c3\u70e7\u5ba4\u4e4b\u524d\u5177\u6709\u65c1\u8def\u548c\u6838\u5fc3\u6df7\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6da1\u8f6e\u98ce\u6247\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u6db5\u9053\u6bd4<\/a>\u662f\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u4e0d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u71c3\u70e7\u5ba4\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0e\u901a\u8fc7\u71c3\u70e7\u5ba4\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u6db5\u9053\u6bd4\u4e3a\u96f6\u7684\u6da1\u6247\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u5373\u662f\u6da1\u8f6e\u55b7\u6c14\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6da1\u6247\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6218\u6597\u673a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6da1\u6247\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u6db5\u9053\u6bd4\u90fd\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b3e\u5b9e\u7528\u6da1\u6247\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u7f57\u4f0a\u65af<\/a>\u7684\u5eb7\u5a01\u578b<\/a>\u6db5\u9053\u6bd4\u53ea\u67090.3\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u591a\u6570\u6c11\u7528\u98de\u673a<\/a>\u4e3a\u4e86\u7701\u6cb9\uff0c\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u6db5\u9053\u6bd4\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u57285\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u8ddf\u4f7f\u7528\u87ba\u65cb\u6868\u98de\u884c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u3002\u6db5\u9053\u6bd4\u9ad8\u7684\u6da1\u8f6e\u98ce\u6247\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u8017\u6cb9\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u63a8\u529b\u5374\u4e0e\u6da1\u8f6e\u55b7\u6c14\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u76f8\u5f53\uff0c\u4e14\u8fd0\u8f6c\u65f6\u8fd8\u5b81\u9759\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u81f3\u4e8e\u6218\u6597\u673a\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4e\u6db5\u9053\u6bd4<\/a>\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u622a\u9762\u79ef\u4e0e\u5e38\u7528\u98de\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6c11\u7528\u98de\u673a\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u9ad8\u6db5\u9053\u6bd4\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u622a\u9762\u79ef\u8fc7\u5927\u5728\u8d85\u97f3\u901f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u963b\u529b\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u5728\u8d85\u97f3\u901f\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\u6548\u7387\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6bd4\u7eaf\u6da1\u8f6e\u55b7\u6c14\u751a\u81f3\u4e8e\u4f4e\u6db5\u9053\u6bd4\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fd8\u4f4e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6218\u6597\u673a\u7686\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4e\u6db5\u9053\u6bd4\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\uff08\u6db5\u9053\u6bd4\u7686\u4f4e\u4e8e1\uff09\u3002\u53ea\u5728\u8d85\u97f3\u901f\u98de\u884c\u7684\u534f\u548c\u5f0f\u5ba2\u673a<\/a>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u5904\u4e8e\u8d85\u97f3\u901f\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7eaf\u6da1\u8f6e\u55b7\u6c14\u800c\u65e0\u6db5\u9053\u6bd4\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u771f\u6b63\u5229\u7528\u55b7\u6c14\u98de\u884c\u7684\u98de\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Modern turbofans have either a large single-stage fan or a smaller fan with several stages. An early configuration combined a low-pressure turbine and fan in a single rear-mounted unit.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6da1\u8f6e\u98ce\u6247\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u8981\u4e48\u5177\u6709\u5927\u578b\u5355\u7ea7\u98ce\u6247\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u591a\u7ea7\u98ce\u6247\u3002 \u65e9\u671f\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u5c06\u4f4e\u538b\u6da1\u8f6e\u673a\u548c\u98ce\u6247\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u7f6e\u5355\u5143\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u539f\u7406 | Principles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u56fe1-1\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3b\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n