{"id":1509,"date":"2023-10-06T16:44:08","date_gmt":"2023-10-06T08:44:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=1509"},"modified":"2023-12-08T17:09:36","modified_gmt":"2023-12-08T09:09:36","slug":"glonass-zhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2023\/10\/06\/glonass-zhen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u683c\u6d1b\u7eb3\u65af\u7cfb\u7edf \/ GLONASS &#8211; \u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u878d\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%A0%BC%E6%B4%9B%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F\" target=\"_blank\">\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>\u3002 <br>\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS\" target=\"_blank\">\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u672c\u6587\u4ee5\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7ebf\u7d22\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u8865\u5145\u52a0\u5165\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/link.zhihu.com\/?target=https%3A\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2023\/06\/25\/wei2-ji1-bai3-ke1\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff08Wikipedia\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\uff08\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\uff09<\/a>\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8bd1\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b<strong>\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee<\/strong>\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u8fbd\u89c2\u6240\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u4e0e\u539f\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faa<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/653887754\" target=\"_blank\">CC-BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/a>\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<cite><span style=\"caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\">\u5c01\u9762\u56fe\u7247\uff1aThis is the logo for GLONASS.\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u683c\u6d1b\u7eb3\u65af\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\uff09<\/span><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" style=\"letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.glonass-iac.ru\/guide\/gnss\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u539f\u56fe\u94fe\u63a5&nbsp;<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u6b63\u6587\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u4e13\u680f\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/659554545\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u53c2\u89c1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1\">\u5168\u7403\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf<\/a>(GPS)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A4%9A%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%B6%AE%E8%BD%A8%E5%92%8C%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%84%E5%90%88%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F\">\u591a\u666e\u52d2\u536b\u661f\u6dae\u8f68\u548c\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7ec4\u5408\u7cfb\u7edf<\/a>(DORIS\/\u6735\u4e3d\u4e1d\u7cfb\u7edf)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%97%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F\">\u5317\u6597\u536b\u661f\u5bfc\u822a\u7cfb\u7edf<\/a>(BDS)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1\">\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf<\/a>(Galileo)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F\">\u5370\u5ea6\u533a\u57df\u5bfc\u822a\u536b\u661f\u7cfb\u7edf<\/a>(IRNSS)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%87%86%E5%A4%A9%E9%A1%B6%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F\">\u51c6\u5929\u9876\u536b\u661f\u7cfb\u7edf<\/a>(QZSS)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%BE%85%E5%8A%A9%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F\">\u8f85\u52a9\u5168\u7403\u536b\u661f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf<\/a>(AGPS)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%97%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F\">\u5317\u6597\u536b\u661f\u5bfc\u822a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=GPS%E8%AA%A4%E5%B7%AE%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">GPS\u8bef\u5dee\u5206\u6790<\/a>(Error analysis for the GPS)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviaconversiya\">Aviaconversiya<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 a Russian satellite navigation firm<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BeiDou\">BeiDou<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 Chinese counterpart<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Era-glonass\">Era-glonass<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 GLONASS-based system of emergency response<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)\">Galileo<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 European Union&#8217;s counterpart<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Global_Positioning_System\">Global Positioning System<\/a>&nbsp;&#8211; American counterpart<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_GLONASS_satellites\">List of GLONASS satellites<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Multilateration\">Multilateration<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 the mathematical technique used for positioning<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NAVIC\">NAVIC<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 Indian counterpart<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tsikada\">Tsikada<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 a Russian satellite navigation system<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 \u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1.1 \u5f15\u7528<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.everythingrf.com\/community\/navigating-the-l1-l2-and-l5-band-options-for-gnss\">\u5b58\u6863\u526f\u672c<\/a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;[2023-04-08]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230522234013\/https:\/\/www.everythingrf.com\/community\/navigating-the-l1-l2-and-l5-band-options-for-gnss\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2023-05-22\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-3\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Information and Analysis Center for Positioning, Navigation and Timing, Korolyov, Russia.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.glonass-iac.ru\/en\/index.php\">Information analytical centre of GLONASS and GPS controlling<\/a>.&nbsp;[2019-01-24]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210202180033\/https:\/\/www.glonass-iac.ru\/en\/index.php\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2021-02-02\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-ceode_4-0\">\u8df3\u8f6c\u81f3\uff1a&nbsp;<sup><strong>3.0<\/strong><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-ceode_4-1\"><sup><strong>3.1<\/strong><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ceode.cas.cn\/kpcb\/jczs\/ddgcyszdqjcll\/200902\/t20090202_2385348.html\">\u536b\u661f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff1aGPS\u3001GLONASS\u548c\u4f3d\u5229\u7565<\/a>. \u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5bf9\u5730\u89c2\u6d4b\u4e0e\u6570\u5b57\u5730\u7403\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3. 2009-02-02&nbsp;[2012-01-13]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201007141434\/http:\/\/www.ceode.cas.cn\/kpcb\/jczs\/ddgcyszdqjcll\/200902\/t20090202_2385348.html\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2020-10-07\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-5\">^<\/a><\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/world\/2006-12\/26\/content_5532852.htm\">\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u53d1\u5c043\u9897\u201c\u683c\u6d1b\u7eb3\u65af-M\u201d\u536b\u661f<\/a>.&nbsp;[2006-12-26]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161105161029\/http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/world\/2006-12\/26\/content_5532852.htm\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2016-11-05\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-6\">^<\/a><\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/news.sciencenet.cn\/htmlnews\/2010\/12\/241272.shtm?id=241272\">\u4fc4\u5bfc\u822a\u536b\u661f\u53d1\u5c04\u5931\u8d25\u7cfb\u706b\u7bad\u52a9\u63a8\u5668\u6545\u969c\u6240\u81f4<\/a>. \u79d1\u5b66\u7f51. 2010-12-09&nbsp;[2010-12-15]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201005011357\/http:\/\/news.sciencenet.cn\/htmlnews\/2010\/12\/241272.shtm?id=241272\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2020-10-05\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-7\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;\u7530\u51b0.&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/news.sciencenet.cn\/htmlnews\/2011\/2\/244337.shtm?id=244337\">\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6210\u529f\u53d1\u5c04\u9996\u9897\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u5168\u7403\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5bfc\u822a\u536b\u661f<\/a>. \u79d1\u5b66\u7f51. 2011-02-26&nbsp;[2011-02-28]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201022191342\/http:\/\/news.sciencenet.cn\/htmlnews\/2011\/2\/244337.shtm?id=244337\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2020-10-22\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-8\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;\u8303\u8fb0\u8a00.&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/mil.huanqiu.com\/world\/2013-07\/4083187.html\">\u4fc4\u706b\u7bad\u642d\u4e09\u9897\u5bfc\u822a\u536b\u661f\u51cc\u7a7a\u7206\u70b8\u573a\u9762\u60e8<\/a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;[2013-07-02]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190812193603\/http:\/\/mil.huanqiu.com\/world\/2013-07\/4083187.html\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2019-08-12\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-9\">^<\/a><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120321051119\/http:\/\/www.gpsbao.com\/datum\/20758.html\">GPS,GLONASS,GALILEO,\u5317\u6597\u56db\u5927\u885b\u661f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/a>. GPS\u62a5. 2010-01-22&nbsp;[2012-01-13]. \uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/www.gpsbao.com\/datum\/20758.html\">\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<\/a>\u5b58\u6863\u4e8e2012-03-21\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-SAOff_10-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;\u5ed6\u4fca\u94edMOLEX LIAO.&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.csie.nctu.edu.tw\/~tsaiwn\/802.11\/q%20&amp;%20a\/members.tripodasia.com.tw\/molex_liao\/newpage11.htm\">GPS\u7c21\u4ecb<\/a>. Molex_Liao\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f\u7f51.&nbsp;&nbsp;[2012-05-26]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120201203241\/http:\/\/www.csie.nctu.edu.tw\/~tsaiwn\/802.11\/q%20%26%20a\/members.tripodasia.com.tw\/molex_liao\/newpage11.htm\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2012-02-01\uff09&nbsp;<strong>\uff08\u4e2d\u6587\uff08\u7e41\u4f53\uff09\uff09<\/strong>.&nbsp;<q>\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u514b\u6797\u987f,2000\u5e745\u67081\u65e5\u4e0b\u4ee4\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\uff0c\u89e3\u9664\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u536b\u661f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edfGPS\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u5e72\u6270\u4fe1\u53f7S.A. .\u5e72\u6270\u89e3\u9664\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u9ad8\u73b0\u6709GPS\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u6c11\u95f4\u4ea7\u4e1a\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u9879\u5927\u5229\u591a.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-11\">^<\/a><\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gpsworld.com.cn\/?p=1063\">\u8bfa\u57fa\u4e9a\u624b\u673a\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u4fc4\u7f57\u65afGLONASS\u5bfc\u822a\u7cfb\u7edf<\/a>. GPS\u4e16\u754c. 2011-11-18&nbsp;[2012-01-13].<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5\">\u5931\u6548\u94fe\u63a5<\/a>]<\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-12\">^<\/a><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130215114714\/http:\/\/www.htc.com\/tw\/smartphones\/htc-one-x-plus\/\">hTC\u767c\u8868\u8a72\u516c\u53f8\u65d7\u8266\u6a5f\u7a2eONE X+\u4f7f\u7528\u4fc4\u7f57\u65afGLONASS\u5c0e\u822a\u7cfb\u7edf<\/a>. hTC. 2012-10-16&nbsp;[2012-10-16]. \uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/www.htc.com\/tw\/smartphones\/htc-one-x-plus\/\">\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<\/a>\u5b58\u6863\u4e8e2013-02-15\uff09.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1.2 \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20091015155055\/http:\/\/www.glonass-ianc.rsa.ru\/i\/glonass\/ICD-2002r.pdf\"><bdi>\u0418\u041d\u0422\u0415\u0420\u0424\u0415\u0419\u0421\u041d\u042b\u0419 \u041a\u041e\u041d\u0422\u0420\u041e\u041b\u042c\u041d\u042b\u0419 \u0414\u041e\u041a\u0423\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0422\uff08\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f 5.0\uff09<\/bdi><\/a>&nbsp;(PDF).&nbsp;\u041a\u041e\u041e\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u042b\u0419 \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e-\u0418\u041d\u0424\u041e\u0420\u041c\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u042b\u0419 \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420. 2002&nbsp;[2009-12-14]. \uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/www.glonass-ianc.rsa.ru\/i\/glonass\/ICD-2002r.pdf\">\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)\u5b58\u6863\u4e8e2009-10-15\uff09&nbsp;<strong>\uff08\u4fc4\u8bed\uff09<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/69fwV64pO?url=http:\/\/www.aggf.ru\/gnss\/glon\/ikd51ru.pdf\"><bdi>\u0418\u041d\u0422\u0415\u0420\u0424\u0415\u0419\u0421\u041d\u042b\u0419 \u041a\u041e\u041d\u0422\u0420\u041e\u041b\u042c\u041d\u042b\u0419 \u0414\u041e\u041a\u0423\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0422\uff08\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f 5.1\uff09<\/bdi><\/a>&nbsp;(PDF).&nbsp;\u0420\u041e\u0421\u0421\u0418\u0419\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0419 \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e-\u0418\u0421\u0421\u041b\u0415\u0414\u041e\u0412\u0410\u0422\u0415\u041b\u042c\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0419 \u0418\u041d\u0421\u0422\u0418\u0422\u0423\u0422 \u041a\u041e\u0421\u041c\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041f\u0420\u0418\u0411\u041e\u0420\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0420\u041e\u0415\u041d\u0418\u042f. 2008&nbsp;[14-12-2009]. \uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/www.aggf.ru\/gnss\/glon\/ikd51ru.pdf\">\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)\u5b58\u6863\u4e8e2012-08-04\uff09&nbsp;<strong>\uff08\u4fc4\u8bed\uff09<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"http:\/\/rniikp.ru\/ru\/pages\/about\/publ\/ICD_GLONASS_rus.pdf\"><bdi>\u0413\u041b\u041e\u041d\u0410\u0421\u0421: \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\uff08\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f 5.1\uff09<\/bdi><\/a>&nbsp;(PDF).&nbsp;[2009-12-14]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/69fwVh6GJ?url=http:\/\/www.spacecorp.ru\/en\/\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2012-08-04\uff09&nbsp;<strong>\uff08\u4fc4\u8bed\uff09<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u0428\u0435\u0431\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412. \u0421., \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432 \u041f. \u041f., \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u041d. \u0412. \u0438 \u0434\u0440. \u0421\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b 2-\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434., \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431. \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043f. \u041c.: \u0420\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c. \u041f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u0412. \u0421. \u0428\u0435\u0431\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430. 1993.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/5-256-00174-4\">ISBN&nbsp;5-256-00174-4<\/a><strong>\uff08\u4fc4\u8bed\uff09<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/69fwUOqbr?url=http:\/\/www.glonass-ianc.rsa.ru\/i\/glonass\/ICD-2002r.pdf\">\u0418\u041d\u0422\u0415\u0420\u0424\u0415\u0419\u0421\u041d\u042b\u0419 \u041a\u041e\u041d\u0422\u0420\u041e\u041b\u042c\u041d\u042b\u0419 \u0414\u041e\u041a\u0423\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0422 (\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f 5.0)<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF). \u041a\u041e\u041e\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u042b\u0419 \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e-\u0418\u041d\u0424\u041e\u0420\u041c\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u042b\u0419 \u0426\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0420. 2002&nbsp;[???]. \uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/www.glonass-ianc.rsa.ru\/i\/glonass\/ICD-2002r.pdf\">\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)\u5b58\u6863\u4e8e2012-08-04\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/69fwV64pO?url=http:\/\/www.aggf.ru\/gnss\/glon\/ikd51ru.pdf\">\u0418\u041d\u0422\u0415\u0420\u0424\u0415\u0419\u0421\u041d\u042b\u0419 \u041a\u041e\u041d\u0422\u0420\u041e\u041b\u042c\u041d\u042b\u0419 \u0414\u041e\u041a\u0423\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0422 (\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f 5.1)<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF). \u0420\u041e\u0421\u0421\u0418\u0419\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0419 \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u041e-\u0418\u0421\u0421\u041b\u0415\u0414\u041e\u0412\u0410\u0422\u0415\u041b\u042c\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0419 \u0418\u041d\u0421\u0422\u0418\u0422\u0423\u0422 \u041a\u041e\u0421\u041c\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041f\u0420\u0418\u0411\u041e\u0420\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0420\u041e\u0415\u041d\u0418\u042f. 2008&nbsp;[???]. \uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/www.aggf.ru\/gnss\/glon\/ikd51ru.pdf\">\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)\u5b58\u6863\u4e8e2012-08-04\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/69fwVh6GJ?url=http:\/\/www.spacecorp.ru\/en\/\">\u0413\u041b\u041e\u041d\u0410\u0421\u0421: \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 (\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f 5.1)<\/a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;[???]. \uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/rniikp.ru\/ru\/pages\/about\/publ\/ICD_GLONASS_rus.pdf\">\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<\/a>(PDF)\u5b58\u6863\u4e8e2012-08-04\uff09.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2 \u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2.1 \u5f15\u7528\u6587\u732e References<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;Angrisano, A.; Petovello, M.; Pugliano, G. (2012).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3355462\">&#8220;Benefits of combined GPS\/GLONASS with low-cost MEMS IMUs for vehicular urban navigation&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Sensors<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>12<\/strong>&nbsp;(4): 5134\u20135158.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode_(identifier)\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2012Senso..12.5134A\">2012Senso..12.5134A<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390%2Fs120405134\">10.3390\/s120405134<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_(identifier)\">PMC<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3355462\">3355462<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22666079\">22666079<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-2\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.oxts.com\/glonass-significantly-benefits-gps\/\">&#8220;GLONASS significantly benefits GPS&#8221;<\/a>. 15 September 2010.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171115035649\/http:\/\/www.oxts.com\/glonass-significantly-benefits-gps\/\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;from the original on 15 November 2017. Retrieved&nbsp;7 October&nbsp;2017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-3\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/developer.sonymobile.com\/2012\/01\/19\/glonass-support-in-our-latest-xperia-phones\/\">&#8220;Developer Tools &#8211; Sony Developer World&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>sonymobile.com<\/em>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20141229185429\/http:\/\/developer.sonymobile.com\/2012\/01\/19\/glonass-support-in-our-latest-xperia-phones\/\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved&nbsp;7 October&nbsp;2017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-4\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www2.unb.ca\/gge\/Resources\/gpsworld.june10.pdf\">&#8220;GPS, GLONASS, and More&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF). University of New Brunswick.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180430183527\/http:\/\/www2.unb.ca\/gge\/Resources\/gpsworld.june10.pdf\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;from the original on 30 April 2018.&nbsp;<q>Figure 2 shows the PDOP improvement in percentage when comparing the GPS-only to the GPS-plus-GLONASS PDOP values. At high latitudes, that is, above 55\u00b0, the improvement is at the 30% level.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-tsr-20221219_5-0\">Jump up to:&nbsp;<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-tsr-20221219_5-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;Hendrickx, Bart (19 December 2022).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thespacereview.com\/article\/4502\/1\">&#8220;The secret payloads of Russia&#8217;s Glonass navigation satellites&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Space_Review\">The Space Review<\/a><\/em>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221220033222\/https:\/\/www.thespacereview.com\/article\/4502\/1\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;from the original on 20 December 2022. Retrieved&nbsp;20 December&nbsp;2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-6\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.people.su\/131854\">&#8220;\u041d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u042e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f, \u041d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u044b, \u041a\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u00ab\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0445\u0435\u00bb, \u0426\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u044b \u00ab\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0445\u0430\u00bb&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>www.people.su<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;21 March&nbsp;2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-7\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;\u042e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0415\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 (15 December 2020).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bloknot.ru\/obshhestvo\/nazarov-aleksandr-yurevich-zamestitel-generalnogo-direktora-rosteha-728756.html\">&#8220;\u041d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u042e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447: \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>\u0411\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0442 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;21 March&nbsp;2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-ato_glonass_10-0\">Jump up to:&nbsp;<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-ato_glonass_10-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-ato_glonass_10-2\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-ato_glonass_10-3\"><sup><em><strong>d<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;Afanasyev, Igor; Dmitri Vorontsov (26 November 2010).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20101130065842\/http:\/\/www.ato.ru\/content\/glonass-nearing-completion\">&#8220;Glonass nearing completion&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Russia &amp; CIS Observer<\/em>. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ato.ru\/content\/glonass-nearing-completion\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 30 November 2010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-federal_targeted_program_2002_11-0\">Jump up to:&nbsp;<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-federal_targeted_program_2002_11-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-federal_targeted_program_2002_11-2\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121201201715\/http:\/\/www.dtic.mil\/cgi-bin\/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&amp;doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&amp;AD=ADA484380\">&#8220;The Global Navigation System GLONASS: Development and Usage in the 21st Century&#8221;<\/a>. 34th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Meeting. 2002. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dtic.mil\/cgi-bin\/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&amp;doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&amp;AD=ADA484380\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 1 December 2012. Retrieved&nbsp;21 February&nbsp;2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-harvey_military_12-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Harvey, Brian (2007). &#8220;Military programs&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>The Rebirth of the Russian Space Program<\/em>&nbsp;(1st&nbsp;ed.). Germany: Springer.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-387-71354-0\"><bdi>978-0-387-71354-0<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-moskvitch_13-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Moskvitch, Katia (2 April 2010).&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/8595704.stm\">&#8220;Glonass: Has Russia&#8217;s sat-nav system come of age?&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>BBC News<\/em>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.today\/20120913\/http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/8595704.stm\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;from the original on 13 September 2012. Retrieved&nbsp;22 February&nbsp;2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-glonass_xmtr_14-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;GLONASS transmitter specs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-miller_2000_15-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;&#8220;A Review of GLONASS&#8221; Miller, 2000<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-icg8_16-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.oosa.unvienna.org\/pdf\/icg\/2013\/icg-8\/wgD\/D3_3_2.pdf\">National Reference Systems of the Russian Federation used in GLONASS.<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140714182933\/http:\/\/www.oosa.unvienna.org\/pdf\/icg\/2013\/icg-8\/wgD\/D3_3_2.pdf\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;14 July 2014 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>&nbsp;V. Vdovin and M. Vinogradova (TSNIImash), 8th ICG meeting, Dubai, November 2013<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-17\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150907014714\/https:\/\/www.glonass-iac.ru\/en\/content\/news\/?ELEMENT_ID=721\">&#8220;The transition to using the terrestrial geocentric coordinate system &#8220;Parametry Zemli 1990&#8243; (PZ-90.11) in operating the GLObal NAvigation Satellite System (GLONASS) has been implemented&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>glonass-iac.ru<\/em>. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.glonass-iac.ru\/en\/content\/news\/?ELEMENT_ID=721\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 7 September 2015. Retrieved&nbsp;2 September&nbsp;2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-CDMA_18-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180313062644\/http:\/\/www.insidegnss.com\/node\/648\">&#8220;Russia Approves CDMA Signals for GLONASS, Discussing Common Signal Design&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Inside GNSS<\/em>. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.insidegnss.com\/node\/648\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 13 March 2018. Retrieved&nbsp;30 December&nbsp;2010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-CDMA_report_2007_19-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.navcen.uscg.gov\/pdf\/cgsicMeetings\/47\/%5B21%5D%20GLONASS%20CGSIC%20September%2024%20Fort%20Worth.pdf\">GLONASS Status and Progress<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110614023018\/http:\/\/www.navcen.uscg.gov\/pdf\/cgsicMeetings\/47\/%5B21%5D%20GLONASS%20CGSIC%20September%2024%20Fort%20Worth.pdf\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;14 June 2011 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>, S.G.Revnivykh, 47th CGSIC Meeting, 2007. &#8220;L1CR and L5R CDMA interoperable with GPS and Galileo&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-CDMA_report_2011_20-0\">Jump up to:&nbsp;<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-CDMA_report_2011_20-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-CDMA_report_2011_20-2\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.unoosa.org\/pdf\/icg\/2010\/ICG5\/18october\/03.pdf\">GLONASS Status and Development<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130921060649\/http:\/\/www.unoosa.org\/pdf\/icg\/2010\/ICG5\/18october\/03.pdf\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;21 September 2013 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>, G.Stupak, 5th ICG Meeting<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-GNSS2_21-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.insidegnss.com\/node\/2487\">Russia&#8217;s First GLONASS-K In Orbit, CDMA Signals Coming<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110307214035\/http:\/\/www.insidegnss.com\/node\/2487\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;7 March 2011 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inside_GNSS\">Inside GNSS<\/a><\/em>(2011-02-26) Retrieved on 6 October 2011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-CDMA_2011_CGSIG_22-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gps.gov\/cgsic\/meetings\/2011\/revnivykh.pdf\">GLONASS Status and Modernization<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20191125030536\/https:\/\/www.gps.gov\/cgsic\/meetings\/2011\/revnivykh.pdf\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;25 November 2019 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>&nbsp;Ekaterina Oleynik, Sergey Revnivykh, 51st CGSIG Meeting, September 2011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-CDMA_2011_ICG_23-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.oosa.unvienna.org\/pdf\/icg\/2011\/icg-6\/3.pdf\">GLONASS Status and Modernization<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120515092734\/http:\/\/www.oosa.unvienna.org\/pdf\/icg\/2011\/icg-6\/3.pdf\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;15 May 2012 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>&nbsp;Sergey Revnivykh, 6th ICG Meeting, September 2011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-CDMA_2012_ICG_24-0\">Jump up to:&nbsp;<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-CDMA_2012_ICG_24-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.unoosa.org\/pdf\/icg\/2012\/icg-7\/3-1.pdf\">GLONASS Status and Modernization<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130921060753\/http:\/\/www.unoosa.org\/pdf\/icg\/2012\/icg-7\/3-1.pdf\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;21 September 2013 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>, Sergey Revnivykh, 7th ICG Meeting, November 2012<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-IGNSS_2013_25-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/glonass-iac.ru\/aboutIAC\/GLONASS_IGNSS-2013_Mirgorodskaya.pdf\">GLONASS Government Policy, Status and Modernization Plans<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140102194619\/http:\/\/glonass-iac.ru\/aboutIAC\/GLONASS_IGNSS-2013_Mirgorodskaya.pdf\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;2 January 2014 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>, Tatiana Mirgorodskaya, IGNSS-2013, 16 July 2013<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-ICG_2016_26-0\">Jump up to:&nbsp;<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-ICG_2016_26-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.unoosa.org\/pdf\/icg\/2016\/icg11\/01.pdf\">GLONASS Program Update<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161220060310\/http:\/\/www.unoosa.org\/pdf\/icg\/2016\/icg11\/01.pdf\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;20 December 2016 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>, Ivan Revnivykh, Roscosmos, 11th ICG Meeting, November 2016<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-glonass_icd_27-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/russianspacesystems.ru\/bussines\/navigation\/glonass\/interfeysnyy-kontrolnyy-dokument\/\">Russian Space Systems JSC &#8211; GLONASS Interface Control Documents<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161022092226\/http:\/\/russianspacesystems.ru\/bussines\/navigation\/glonass\/interfeysnyy-kontrolnyy-dokument\/\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;22 October 2016 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>(in Russian)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-28\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151117032222\/http:\/\/gpsworld.com\/glonass-modernization-12232\/\">&#8220;GLONASS Modernization&#8221;<\/a>. GPS World. 2 November 2011. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/gpsworld.com\/glonass-modernization-12232\/\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 17 November 2015. Retrieved&nbsp;2 September&nbsp;2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-29\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.insidegnss.com\/auto\/julyaug11-Dumas.pdf\">&#8220;Data&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF).&nbsp;<em>insidegnss.com<\/em>. 2011.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140711133448\/http:\/\/insidegnss.com\/auto\/julyaug11-Dumas.pdf\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;from the original on 11 July 2014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-GPSWorld_Nov_2011_30-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.gpsworld.com\/glonass-modernization-12232\/\">GLONASS Modernization<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130921060700\/http:\/\/gpsworld.com\/glonass-modernization-12232\/\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;21 September 2013 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>, Yuri Urlichich, Valery Subbotin, Grigory Stupak, Vyacheslav Dvorkin, Alexander Povalyaev, Sergey Karutin, and Rudolf Bakitko, Russian Space Systems, GPS World, November 2011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-GPSWorld_Apr_2011_31-0\">Jump up to:&nbsp;<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-GPSWorld_Apr_2011_31-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-GPSWorld_Apr_2011_31-2\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.gpsworld.com\/innovation-glonass-11405\/\">GLONASS: Developing Strategies for the Future<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130921060741\/http:\/\/gpsworld.com\/innovation-glonass-11405\/\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;21 September 2013 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>, Yuri Urlichich, Valeriy Subbotin, Grigory Stupak, Vyacheslav Dvorkin, Alexander Povalyaev, and Sergey Karutin. GPS World, November 2011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-GPSWorld_Nov_2013_32-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/gpsworld.com\/new-structure-for-glonass-nav-message\/\">New Structure for GLONASS Nav Message<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131212115824\/http:\/\/gpsworld.com\/new-structure-for-glonass-nav-message\/\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;12 December 2013 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>, Alexander Povalyaev, GPS World, 2 November 2013<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-testoyedov-2015_33-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Testoyedov, Nikolay (18 May 2015).&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.unoosa.org\/documents\/pdf\/psa\/activities\/2015\/RussiaGNSS\/Presentations\/1.pdf\">&#8220;Space Navigation in Russia: History of Development&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160923014654\/http:\/\/www.unoosa.org\/documents\/pdf\/psa\/activities\/2015\/RussiaGNSS\/Presentations\/1.pdf\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;from the original on 23 September 2016. Retrieved&nbsp;21 September&nbsp;2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-CDMA_2010_insideGNSS_34-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20101205054554\/http:\/\/insidegnss.com\/node\/1997\">&#8220;Russia to Put 8 CDMA Signals on 4 GLONASS Frequencies&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Inside GNSS<\/em>. 17 March 2010. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.insidegnss.com\/node\/1997\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 5 December 2010. Retrieved&nbsp;30 December&nbsp;2010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-35\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110101144902\/http:\/\/www.gpsworld.com\/gnss-system\/glonass\/news\/glonass-update-delves-constellation-details-10499\">&#8220;GLONASS Update Delves into Constellation Details&#8221;<\/a>. GPS World. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.gpsworld.com\/gnss-system\/glonass\/news\/glonass-update-delves-constellation-details-10499\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 1 January 2011. Retrieved&nbsp;30 December&nbsp;2010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-36\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181102235300\/http:\/\/gpsworld.com\/gnss-systemnewsglonass-modernization-maybe-six-planes-probably-more-satellites-12490\/\">&#8220;GLONASS Modernization: Maybe Six Planes, Probably More Satellites&#8221;<\/a>. GPS World. 10 January 2012. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gpsworld.com\/gnss-systemnewsglonass-modernization-maybe-six-planes-probably-more-satellites-12490\/\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 2 November 2018. Retrieved&nbsp;24 December&nbsp;2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-SDCM_2012_37-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.unoosa.org\/pdf\/icg\/2012\/icg-7\/3-2.pdf\">SDCM status and plans<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140405044651\/http:\/\/www.unoosa.org\/pdf\/icg\/2012\/icg-7\/3-2.pdf\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;5 April 2014 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>, Grigory Stupak, 7th ICG Meeting, November 2012<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-GPSWorld_GlonassV_38-0\">Jump up to:&nbsp;<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-GPSWorld_GlonassV_38-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181222173732\/https:\/\/www.gpsworld.com\/directions-2019-high-orbit-glonass-and-cdma-signal\/\">&#8220;Directions 2019: High-orbit GLONASS and CDMA signal&#8221;<\/a>. 12 December 2018. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gpsworld.com\/directions-2019-high-orbit-glonass-and-cdma-signal\/\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 22 December 2018. Retrieved&nbsp;22 December&nbsp;2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-42\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<em>Uragan<\/em>, Russian Space Web<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-43\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;GLONASS #787, 68.7 operational months; as reported by RSA &#8220;GLONASS constellation status&#8221; on 6 April 2007<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-issr-20150730_44-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.iss-reshetnev.com\/media\/news\/news-300715\">&#8220;Glonass-M \u2013 a chapter in the history of satellite navigation&#8221;<\/a>. JSC Information Satellite Systems. 30 July 2015.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160528232727\/http:\/\/www.iss-reshetnev.com\/media\/news\/news-300715\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;from the original on 28 May 2016. Retrieved&nbsp;13 August&nbsp;2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-itartass-811771_45-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/tass.ru\/en\/non-political\/811771\">&#8220;Russia stops manufacturing of Glonass-M navigation satellites&#8221;<\/a>. ITAR-TASS. 30 July 2015.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150801020451\/http:\/\/tass.ru\/en\/non-political\/811771\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;from the original on 1 August 2015. Retrieved&nbsp;20 August&nbsp;2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-46\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.geospatialworld.net\/news\/russia-increases-glonass-orbital-grouping-24-satellites\/\">&#8220;Russia increases GLONASS orbital grouping to 24 satellites&#8221;<\/a>. Geospatial World. 23 October 2017.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210712015940\/https:\/\/www.geospatialworld.net\/news\/russia-increases-glonass-orbital-grouping-24-satellites\/\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved&nbsp;23 October&nbsp;2017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-reshetnev_glonass_history_47-0\">Jump up to:&nbsp;<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-reshetnev_glonass_history_47-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110713063606\/http:\/\/www.iss-reshetnev.com\/images\/File\/magazin\/2007\/m2-screen_en.pdf\">&#8220;Glonass-K: a prospective satellite of the GLONASS system&#8221;<\/a>(PDF). Reshetnev Information Satellite Systems. 2007. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.iss-reshetnev.com\/images\/File\/magazin\/2007\/m2-screen_en.pdf\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;on 13 July 2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-48\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Langley, Richard (2010).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.today\/20120711083220\/http:\/\/findarticles.com\/p\/articles\/mi_m0BPW\/is_10_21\/ai_n56309362\/?tag=content;col1\">&#8220;GLONASS forecast bright and plentiful&#8221;<\/a>. GPS World. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/findarticles.com\/p\/articles\/mi_m0BPW\/is_10_21\/ai_n56309362\/?tag=content;col1\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 11 July 2012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-bbc_russia_launches_satellite_49-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-12587238\">&#8220;Russia launches satellite for global navigation system&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>BBC News<\/em>. 26 February 2011.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181130234313\/https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-12587238\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;from the original on 30 November 2018. Retrieved&nbsp;20 June&nbsp;2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-50\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Roonemaa, Holger; Weiss, Michael (12 July 2021).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/newlinesmag.com\/reportage\/western-intelligence-fears-new-russian-sat-nav-espionage-capabilities\/\">&#8220;Western Intelligence Fears New Russian Sat-Nav&#8217;s Espionage Capabilities&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>New Lines Magazine<\/em>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220526011659\/https:\/\/newlinesmag.com\/reportage\/western-intelligence-fears-new-russian-sat-nav-espionage-capabilities\/\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved&nbsp;19 June&nbsp;2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-51\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Schmidt, Michael; Schmitt, Eric (16 November 2013).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/11\/17\/world\/europe\/a-russian-gps-using-us-soil-stirs-spy-fears.html\">&#8220;A Russian GPS Using U.S. Soil Stirs Spy Fears&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_New_York_Times\">The New York Times<\/a><\/em>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220619183130\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/11\/17\/world\/europe\/a-russian-gps-using-us-soil-stirs-spy-fears.html\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved&nbsp;19 June2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-52\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Partlow, Joshua (8 April 2017).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/the_americas\/the-soviet-union-fought-the-cold-war-in-nicaragua-now-putins-russia-is-back\/2017\/04\/08\/b43039b0-0d8b-11e7-aa57-2ca1b05c41b8_story.html\">&#8220;The Soviet Union fought the Cold War in Nicaragua. Now Putin&#8217;s Russia is back&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Washington_Post\">The Washington Post<\/a><\/em>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220410080203\/https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/the_americas\/the-soviet-union-fought-the-cold-war-in-nicaragua-now-putins-russia-is-back\/2017\/04\/08\/b43039b0-0d8b-11e7-aa57-2ca1b05c41b8_story.html\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;from the original on 10 April 2022. Retrieved&nbsp;19 June&nbsp;2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-53\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Jakub, Hodek.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.unav.edu\/web\/global-affairs\/detalle\/-\/blogs\/a-special-russian-installation-in-nicaragua\">&#8220;A &#8216;special&#8217; Russian installation in Nicaragua&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Navarra\">University of Navarra<\/a><\/em>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220707003154\/https:\/\/www.unav.edu\/web\/global-affairs\/detalle\/-\/blogs\/a-special-russian-installation-in-nicaragua\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved&nbsp;18 June&nbsp;2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-54\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.navipedia.net\/index.php\/GLONASS_Ground_Segment\">&#8220;GLONASS Ground Segment&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>navipedia.net<\/em>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170616145904\/http:\/\/navipedia.net\/index.php\/GLONASS_Ground_Segment\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;from the original on 16 June 2017. Retrieved&nbsp;22 January&nbsp;2017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-55\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/cddis.gsfc.nasa.gov\/lw15\/docs\/papers\/Russian%20Laser%20Tracking%20Network.pdf\">&#8220;Russian Laser Tracking Network&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090404085613\/http:\/\/cddis.gsfc.nasa.gov\/lw15\/docs\/papers\/Russian%20Laser%20Tracking%20Network.pdf\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;from the original on 4 April 2009.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-56\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.oosa.unvienna.org\/pdf\/publications\/icg_ebook.pdf\">&#8220;Current and planned global and regional navigation satellite systems and satellite-based augmentation systems&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121002214143\/http:\/\/www.oosa.unvienna.org\/pdf\/publications\/icg_ebook.pdf\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)from the original on 2 October 2012. Retrieved&nbsp;22 January&nbsp;2017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-57\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;&#8220;GLONASS added to SkyWave terminals&#8221;, Digital Ship, 4 December 2009,&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thedigitalship.com\/conferences\/2006\/displaynews.asp?NewsID=902\">Thedigitalship.com<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110716231551\/http:\/\/www.thedigitalship.com\/conferences\/2006\/displaynews.asp?NewsID=902\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;16 July 2011 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-58\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;[Garmin eTrex 20&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/buy.garmin.com\/shop\/shop.do?cID=145&amp;pID=87771#overviewTab\">https:\/\/buy.garmin.com\/shop\/shop.do?cID=145&amp;pID=87771#overviewTab<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130309035942\/https:\/\/buy.garmin.com\/shop\/shop.do?cID=145&amp;pID=87771#overviewTab\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;9 March 2013 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-59\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/buy.garmin.com\/en-US\/US\/in-the-air\/portable-gps\/glo-for-aviation\/prod109826.html\">GLO for Aviation|Garmin<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130921062957\/https:\/\/buy.garmin.com\/en-US\/US\/in-the-air\/portable-gps\/glo-for-aviation\/prod109826.html\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;21 September 2013 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>, buy.garmin.com, Retrieved on 2 August 2013<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-60\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/dl-www.sonyericsson.com\/cws\/download\/1\/922\/663\/1315211190\/pro_WP_13.pdf\">&#8220;Sony Xperia\u2122 support (English)&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF).&nbsp;<em>sonyericsson.com<\/em>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120425091518\/http:\/\/dl-www.sonyericsson.com\/cws\/download\/1\/922\/663\/1315211190\/pro_WP_13.pdf\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved&nbsp;2 September&nbsp;2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-61\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150723064735\/http:\/\/www.cnews.ru\/news\/top\/index.shtml?2011%2F02%2F15%2F427617\">&#8220;Sony Ericsson \u0438 Huawei \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0442 \u0441\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0444\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u0413\u041b\u041e\u041d\u0410\u0421\u0421&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>CNews.ru<\/em>. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnews.ru\/news\/top\/index.shtml?2011\/02\/15\/427617\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 23 July 2015. Retrieved&nbsp;2 September&nbsp;2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-62\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.samsung.com\/global\/microsite\/galaxynote\/note\/spec.html\">&#8220;Samsung GALAXY Note&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>samsung.com<\/em>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160304111834\/http:\/\/www.samsung.com\/global\/microsite\/galaxynote\/note\/spec.html\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved&nbsp;2 September&nbsp;2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-63\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.htc.com\/www\/smartphones\/htc-wp-8x\/#specs\">Windows Phone 8X by HTC Overview &#8211; HTC Smartphones<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140209181714\/http:\/\/www.htc.com\/www\/smartphones\/htc-wp-8x\/#specs\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;9 February 2014 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>, htc.com, Retrieved on 2 August 2013<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-64\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qualcomm.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fcommon%2Fproducts-services%2Fsnapdragon_specs_9-12.pdf\">Google Drive Viewer<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160417144445\/https:\/\/docs.google.com\/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qualcomm.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fcommon%2Fproducts-services%2Fsnapdragon_specs_9-12.pdf\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;17 April 2016 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>, docs.google.com, Retrieved on 2 August 2013<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-65\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/mediacenter.motorola.com\/Fact-Sheets\/DROID-RAZR-by-Motorola-Fact-Sheet-386c.aspx\">&#8220;The Official Motorola Blog&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>motorola.com<\/em>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130615084229\/http:\/\/mediacenter.motorola.com\/Fact-Sheets\/DROID-RAZR-by-Motorola-Fact-Sheet-386c.aspx\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;from the original on 15 June 2013. Retrieved&nbsp;2 September&nbsp;2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-66\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-russia-glonass-idUSTRE7783VU20110809\">&#8220;GLONASS gets Nokia backing, aims to rival COMPASS&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Reuters<\/em>. 9 August 2011.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150924154559\/http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2011\/08\/09\/us-russia-glonass-idUSTRE7783VU20110809\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved&nbsp;2 September&nbsp;2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-auto_67-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/glonass-iac.ru\/en\/sostavOG\/\">&#8220;Constellation status&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>glonass-iac.ru<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;1 July&nbsp;2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-izvestia_68-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/izvestia.ru\/news\/568647\">&#8220;\u0420\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0441 \u0438\u0449\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0431\u043e\u044f \u0413\u041b\u041e\u041d\u0410\u0421\u0421&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Izvestia<\/em>. 2014.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151225113907\/http:\/\/izvestia.ru\/news\/568647\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;from the original on 25 December 2015. Retrieved&nbsp;5 April2014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-novaya_gazeta_69-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2014\/04\/15\/99404-sistema-glonass-vyshla-iz-stroya-vtoroy-raz-za-mesyats\">&#8220;\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0413\u041b\u041e\u041d\u0410\u0421\u0421 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044f \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446&#8221;<\/a>. 2014.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190402153920\/https:\/\/www.novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2014\/04\/15\/99404-sistema-glonass-vyshla-iz-stroya-vtoroy-raz-za-mesyats\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved&nbsp;10 March&nbsp;2019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-70\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/izvestia.ru\/news\/604492\">&#8220;\u0420\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0413\u041b\u041e\u041d\u0410\u0421\u0421 \u043a \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430&#8221;<\/a>. 18 February 2016.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160227002848\/http:\/\/izvestia.ru\/news\/604492\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;from the original on 27 February 2016. Retrieved&nbsp;26 February&nbsp;2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-pr_rianscience_71-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.rian.ru\/science\/20090512\/170848130.html\">&#8220;\u0420\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0413\u041b\u041e\u041d\u0410\u0421\u0421 \u0441 10 \u0434\u043e 5,5 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432&#8221;<\/a>. \u0420\u0418\u0410 \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. 12 May 2009.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100529064042\/http:\/\/www.rian.ru\/science\/20090512\/170848130.html\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;from the original on 29 May 2010. Retrieved&nbsp;2 September&nbsp;2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-kramnik_feb2012_72-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Kramnik, Ilya (16 February 2012).&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/rbth.ru\/articles\/2012\/02\/16\/glonass_benefits_worth_the_extra_expense_14862.html\">&#8220;GLONASS benefits worth the extra expense&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Russia Beyond the Headlines<\/em>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120222100105\/http:\/\/rbth.ru\/articles\/2012\/02\/16\/glonass_benefits_worth_the_extra_expense_14862.html\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved&nbsp;22 February&nbsp;2012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GLONASS#cite_ref-73\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dfa.gov.ph\/dfa-news\/news-from-our-foreign-service-postsupdate\/17790-dost-finalizes-mou-with-russian-space-agency\">&#8220;DOST Finalizes MOU with Russian Space Agency&#8221;<\/a>. Department of Foreign Affairs (Philippines). 7 September 2018.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180925104330\/https:\/\/www.dfa.gov.ph\/dfa-news\/news-from-our-foreign-service-postsupdate\/17790-dost-finalizes-mou-with-russian-space-agency\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved&nbsp;24 September&nbsp;2018.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2.2 \u6807\u51c6\u6587\u4ef6 Standards<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20111021141150\/http:\/\/www.aggf.ru\/gnss\/glon\/ikd51ru.pdf\">&#8220;GLONASS Interface Control Document, Navigational radio signal in bands L1, L2 (Edition 5.1)&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;(in Russian). Russian Space Systems OJSC. 2008. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/russianspacesystems.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/ICD_GLONASS_rus_v5.1.pdf\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;on 21 October 2011. Retrieved&nbsp;21 October&nbsp;2016.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161022090547\/http:\/\/russianspacesystems.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/IKD-L1-s-kod.-razd.-Red-1.0-2016.pdf\">&#8220;GLONASS Interface Control Document, Open CDMA navigational radio signal in L1 band, Edition 1.0&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;(in Russian). Russian Space Systems OJSC. 2016. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/russianspacesystems.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/IKD-L1-s-kod.-razd.-Red-1.0-2016.pdf\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;on 22 October 2016. Retrieved&nbsp;21 October&nbsp;2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161022092222\/http:\/\/russianspacesystems.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/IKD-L2-s-kod.-razd.-Red-1.0-2016.pdf\">&#8220;GLONASS Interface Control Document, Open CDMA navigational radio signal in L2 band, Edition 1.0&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;(in Russian). Russian Space Systems OJSC. 2016. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/russianspacesystems.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/IKD-L2-s-kod.-razd.-Red-1.0-2016.pdf\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;on 22 October 2016. Retrieved&nbsp;21 October&nbsp;2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161022091912\/http:\/\/russianspacesystems.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/IKD-L3-s-kod.-razd.-Red-1.0-2016.pdf\">&#8220;GLONASS Interface Control Document, Open CDMA navigational radio signal in L3 band, Edition 1.0&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;(in Russian). Russian Space Systems OJSC. 2016. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/russianspacesystems.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/IKD-L3-s-kod.-razd.-Red-1.0-2016.pdf\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;on 22 October 2016. Retrieved&nbsp;21 October&nbsp;2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161022090410\/http:\/\/russianspacesystems.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/IKD.-Obshh.-opis.-Red.-1.0-2016.pdf\">&#8220;GLONASS Interface Control Document, General description of CDMA signals, Edition 1.0&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;(in Russian). Russian Space Systems OJSC. 2016. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/russianspacesystems.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/IKD.-Obshh.-opis.-Red.-1.0-2016.pdf\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;on 22 October 2016. Retrieved&nbsp;21 October&nbsp;2016.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2.3 \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e Bibliography<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161020203029\/http:\/\/russianspacesystems.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/ICD_GLONASS_eng_v5.1.pdf\"><em>GLONASS Interface Control Document<\/em>, Edition 5.1, 2008<\/a>&nbsp;(<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120710133600\/http:\/\/facility.unavco.org\/data\/docs\/ICD_GLONASS_5.1_(2008)_en.pdf\">backup<\/a>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unavco.org\/help\/glossary\/docs\/ICD_GLONASS_4.0_(1998)_en.pdf\"><em>GLONASS Interface Control Document<\/em>, Version 4.0, 1998<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070927190908\/http:\/\/www.programs-gov.ru\/ext\/117\/content.htm\">&#8220;\u0424\u0415\u0414\u0415\u0420\u0410\u041b\u042c\u041d\u0410\u042f \u0426\u0415\u041b\u0415\u0412\u0410\u042f \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0413\u0420\u0410\u041c\u041c\u0410 &#8220;\u0413\u041b\u041e\u0411\u0410\u041b\u042c\u041d\u0410\u042f \u041d\u0410\u0412\u0418\u0413\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u0410\u042f \u0421\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0415\u041c\u0410&#8221;,&nbsp;<em>FEDERAL SPECIAL-PURPOSE PROGRAM &#8220;GLOBAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM&#8221;<\/em>&#8220;<\/a>&nbsp;(in Russian). Russian Federal Government. 20 August 2001. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.programs-gov.ru\/26_1.php\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 27 September 2007. Retrieved&nbsp;10 April&nbsp;2007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071024172738\/http:\/\/www.glonass-ianc.rsa.ru\/pls\/htmldb\/f?p=202:20:4969607893141445194::NO\">&#8220;GLONASS constellation status for 18.01.08 under the analysis of the almanac and accepted in IANC (UTC)&#8221;<\/a>. Russian Space Agency (RSA). Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.glonass-ianc.rsa.ru\/pls\/htmldb\/f?p=202:20:4969607893141445194::NO\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 24 October 2007. Retrieved&nbsp;18 January&nbsp;2008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070426101716\/http:\/\/www.spaceandtech.com\/spacedata\/constellations\/glonass_consum.shtml\">&#8220;GLONASS Summary&#8221;<\/a>. Space and Tech. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.spaceandtech.com\/spacedata\/constellations\/glonass_consum.shtml\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 26 April 2007. Retrieved&nbsp;12 April&nbsp;2007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070613234101\/http:\/\/www.atnf.csiro.au\/people\/dmitchel\/glonass.html\">&#8220;GLONASS Transmitter Specifications&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.atnf.csiro.au\/people\/dmitchel\/glonass.html\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 13 June 2007. Retrieved&nbsp;13 April&nbsp;2007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Goebel, Greg.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181022114901\/http:\/\/vectorsite.net\/ttgps.html\">&#8220;Navigation Satellites &amp; GPS&#8221;<\/a>. pp.&nbsp;Section 2.2. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vectorsite.net\/ttgps.html\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 22 October 2018. Retrieved&nbsp;10 April&nbsp;2007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071024172737\/http:\/\/www.glonass-ianc.rsa.ru\/pls\/htmldb\/f?p=201:24:5771576984142464179::NO:::\">&#8220;\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0413\u041b\u041e\u041d\u0410\u0421\u0421&nbsp;<em>Integral accessibility of the navigation of ground-based user along the system GLONASS<\/em>&#8220;<\/a>&nbsp;(in Russian). Russian Space Agency (RSA). Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.glonass-ianc.rsa.ru\/pls\/htmldb\/f?p=201:24:5771576984142464179::NO:::\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 24 October 2007. Retrieved&nbsp;18 January&nbsp;2008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/India_joins_Russian_GPS_system\/articleshow\/1502481.cms\">&#8220;India joins Russian GPS system&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Times of India<\/em>. 29 January 2007. Retrieved&nbsp;12 April&nbsp;2007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.today\/20051121193827\/http:\/\/www.mosnews.com\/news\/2005\/06\/27\/indialaunch.shtml\">&#8220;India to Launch 2 Russian GLONASS Satellites&#8221;<\/a>. MosNews. 27 June 2005. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mosnews.com\/news\/2005\/06\/27\/indialaunch.shtml\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 21 November 2005. Retrieved&nbsp;12 April&nbsp;2007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070919124045\/http:\/\/pnt.gov\/public\/docs\/2006-WG1-statement.shtml\">&#8220;Joint announcement (in English and Russian)&#8221;<\/a>. GPS\/GLONASS Interoperability and Compatibility Working Group. 14 December 2006. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/pnt.gov\/public\/docs\/2006-WG1-statement.shtml\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 19 September 2007. Retrieved&nbsp;13 April&nbsp;2007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kramer, Andrew E. (7 April 2007).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2007\/04\/04\/business\/worldbusiness\/04gps.html\">&#8220;Russia Challenges the U.S. Monopoly on Satellite Navigation&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The New York Times<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;12 April2007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Miller, Keith M. (October 2000).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071012120024\/http:\/\/www.hydrographicsociety.org\/Articles\/journal\/2000\/98-1.htm\">&#8220;A Review of GLONASS&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Hydrographic Society Journal<\/em>&nbsp;(98).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/issn\/0309-7846\">0309-7846<\/a>. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.hydrographicsociety.org\/Articles\/journal\/2000\/98-1.htm\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 12 October 2007. Retrieved&nbsp;13 April&nbsp;2007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070210065953\/http:\/\/www.gpsworld.com\/gpsworld\/article\/articleDetail.jsp?id=399504\">&#8220;Radical Change in the Air for GLONASS&#8221;<\/a>. GPS World. 22 January 2007. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.gpsworld.com\/gpsworld\/article\/articleDetail.jsp?id=399504\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 10 February 2007. Retrieved&nbsp;10 April&nbsp;2007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220421193356\/http:\/\/mosnews.com\/news\/2007\/03\/26\/glonass.shtml\">&#8220;Russia Allocates US$380 Million for Global Navigation System in 2007&#8221;<\/a>. MosNews. 26 March 2007. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/mosnews.com\/news\/2007\/03\/26\/glonass.shtml\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 21 April 2022. Retrieved&nbsp;12 April&nbsp;2007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220421193356\/http:\/\/mosnews.com\/news\/2007\/03\/26\/glonass.shtml\">&#8220;Russia Holds First Place in Spacecraft Launches&#8221;<\/a>. MosNews. 26 March 2007. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/mosnews.com\/news\/2007\/03\/26\/glonass.shtml\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 21 April 2022. Retrieved&nbsp;12 April&nbsp;2007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080828015513\/http:\/\/www.space.com\/missionlaunches\/ap-071225-proton-glonass.html\">&#8220;Russia Launches New Navigation Satellites into Orbit&#8221;<\/a>. Space.com \/ Associated Press. 25 December 2007. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.space.com\/missionlaunches\/ap-071225-proton-glonass.html\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 28 August 2008. Retrieved&nbsp;28 December&nbsp;2007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.today\/20050207140740\/http:\/\/www.mosnews.com\/news\/2004\/12\/01\/indiaspace.shtml\">&#8220;Russian Space Agency Plans Cooperation With India&#8221;<\/a>. MosNews. 12 January 2004. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mosnews.com\/news\/2004\/12\/01\/indiaspace.shtml\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 7 February 2005. Retrieved&nbsp;12 April&nbsp;2007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070403015512\/http:\/\/www.fas.org\/spp\/guide\/russia\/nav\/glonass.htm\">&#8220;Space Policy Project&#8217;s &#8220;World Space Guide: GLONASS&#8221;&#8221;<\/a>. Federation of American Scientists. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/fas.org\/spp\/guide\/russia\/nav\/glonass.htm\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 3 April 2007. Retrieved&nbsp;10 April&nbsp;2007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ria.ru\/science\/20070518\/65722212.html\">&#8220;\u0423\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0413\u041b\u041e\u041d\u0410\u0421\u0421 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e&nbsp;<em>The services of system GLONASS will be given to users free of charge<\/em>&#8220;<\/a>&nbsp;(in Russian). RIA Novosti. 18 May 2007. Retrieved&nbsp;18 May&nbsp;2007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070927230705\/http:\/\/www.roscosmos.ru\/NewsDoSele.asp?NEWSID=2021\">&#8220;\u0422\u0440\u0438 \u041a\u0410 &#8220;\u0413\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0441-\u041c&#8221; \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435&nbsp;<em>Three KA &#8220;GLONASS-M&#8221; have taken off<\/em>&#8220;<\/a>&nbsp;(in Russian). Russian Space Agency (RSA). 26 December 2006. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.roscosmos.ru\/NewsDoSele.asp?NEWSID=2021\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 27 September 2007. Retrieved&nbsp;29 December&nbsp;2006.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/space.skyrocket.de\/doc_sdat\/uragan.htm\">&#8220;Uragan (GLONASS, 11F654)&#8221;<\/a>. Gunter&#8217;s Space Page. 16 January 2007. Retrieved&nbsp;10 April&nbsp;2007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160303171219\/http:\/\/www.russianspaceweb.com\/uragan.html\">&#8220;Uragan navsat (11F654)&#8221;<\/a>. Russian Space Web. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.russianspaceweb.com\/uragan.html\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 3 March 2016. Retrieved&nbsp;12 April&nbsp;2007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gpssoft.ru\/glonass\/\">&#8220;GLONASS News&#8221;<\/a>. Retrieved&nbsp;31 July&nbsp;2007.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u5916\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Wikimedia Commons has media related to&nbsp;<strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:GLONASS\">GLONASS<\/a><\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.glonass-iac.ru\/en\/\">Official GLONASS web page<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180721162605\/https:\/\/www.glonass-iac.ru\/en\/\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;21 July 2018 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20111020035436\/http:\/\/www.glonass-ianc.rsa.ru\/en\/\">Official GLONASS web page<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.positim.com\/glonass_overview.html\">GNSS web page including GLONASS<\/a>&nbsp;\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110715105439\/http:\/\/www.positim.com\/glonass_overview.html\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100426003259\/http:\/\/ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov\/satellite_missions\/list_of_satellites\/g102_general.html\">Description of GLONASS on the web page of the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161016065341\/http:\/\/147.102.106.44\/ILRS_W2009\/docs\/PP02B_GLOTOV_GLONASS.pdf\">GLONASS: present, future and past<\/a>&nbsp;Presented on the ILRS Technical Workshop, 14\u201319 September 2009, Metsovo, Greece<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/lea.hamradio.si\/~s53mv\/navsats\/theory.html\">A homemade receiver for GPS &amp; GLONASS satellites<\/a>&nbsp;\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110716190646\/http:\/\/lea.hamradio.si\/~s53mv\/navsats\/theory.html\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.navipedia.org\/index.php\/Category:GLONASS\">Navipedia information on GLONASS<\/a>&nbsp;\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171113170455\/http:\/\/www.navipedia.org\/index.php\/Category:GLONASS\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09\u2014Wiki initiated by the European Space Agency<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u70b9\u51fb [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1511,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[57,46],"tags":[11,12],"class_list":["post-1509","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cis","category-spaceflight","tag-11","tag-12"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1509","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1509"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1509\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1511"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1509"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1509"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1509"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}