{"id":1527,"date":"2023-10-09T13:52:20","date_gmt":"2023-10-09T05:52:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=1527"},"modified":"2024-08-10T14:23:03","modified_gmt":"2024-08-10T06:23:03","slug":"united-states-department-of-state-zhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2023\/10\/09\/united-states-department-of-state-zhen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662 \/ United States Department of State – \u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u878d\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>\u3002
\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u82f1\u6587<\/strong>\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u5e76\u8865\u5145\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u6587<\/strong>\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5408\u89c4\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u4e0a\u4f20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff08Wikipedia\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8bd1\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee<\/strong>\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\u8fbd\u89c2\u6240\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u4e0e\u539f\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faaCC-BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/a>\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u548c\u89c6\u9891\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\u5177\u4f53\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6807\u660e\uff1b\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee\u534f\u8bae\u6587\u672c<\/a>\u3002<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\n
\u56fe0-1\u548c0-2\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

0. \u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0.1 \u6982\u51b5\u8868\u683c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Agency overview | \u673a\u6784\u6982\u8981<\/th><\/tr>
Formed | \u6210\u7acb\u65f6\u95f4<\/th>July\u00a027, 1789 | 1789\u5e747\u670827\u65e5<\/td><\/tr>
Preceding agency | \u524d\u8eab\u673a\u6784<\/th>Department of Foreign Affairs | \u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8<\/td><\/tr>
Type | \u673a\u6784\u7c7b\u578b<\/th>Executive department<\/a> | \u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u95e8<\/a>\u3001\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Jurisdiction | \u4e0a\u7ea7\u90e8\u95e8<\/th>U.S. federal government<\/a> | \u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c<\/td><\/tr>
Headquarters | \u673a\u6784\u9a7b\u5730<\/th>Harry S Truman Building<\/a>,
Northwest<\/a>, Washington, D.C.<\/a>, U.S.
| \u00a0\u7f8e\u56fd<\/a>\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7279\u533a<\/a>\u897f\u5317\u533a<\/a>C\u88572201\u53f7\u54c8\u91cc\u00b7S\u00b7\u675c\u9c81\u95e8\u5927\u697c<\/a>

\"\"38\u00b053\u203239\u2033N 77\u00b02\u203254\u2033W<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Employees | \u96c7\u5458\u6570\u76ee<\/th>77,880 (total); \u3010\u603b\u6570\u4e3a77800\u4eba\u3011
13,637 Foreign Service<\/a> employees\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u670d\u52a1\u4eba\u545813637\u4eba\u3011
11,799 Civil Service<\/a> employees\u3010\u6587\u804c\u670d\u52a1\u4eba\u545811799\u4eba\u3011
49,923 local employees[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u3010\u5f53\u5730\u5458\u5de549923\u4eba\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Annual budget | \u5e74\u5ea6\u9884\u7b97\u989d<\/th>USD<\/a> 53.068 billion (FY 2023)[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u3010530.68\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff082023\u8d22\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Agency executives | \u673a\u6784\u9996\u957f<\/th>Antony Blinken<\/a>, Secretary<\/a>\u3010\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u00b7\u5e03\u6797\u80af\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u3011
Kurt M. Campbell<\/a>, Deputy Secretary<\/a>\u3010\u5e93\u5c14\u7279\u00b7M\u00b7\u574e\u8d1d\u5c14\uff0c\u526f\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u3011
Richard Verma<\/a>, Deputy Secretary for Management and Resources<\/a>\u3010\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u7ef4\u5c14\u9a6c\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u526f\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Website | \u7f51\u7ad9<\/th>state.gov<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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\u56fe0-3\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

0.2 \u6587\u5b57\u8bf4\u660e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662<\/strong>[2]<\/a>\uff0c\u76f4\u8bd1\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u90e8<\/strong>\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff1aUnited States Department of State\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4ea6\u79f0State Department\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u8d1f\u8d23\u5916\u4ea4<\/a>\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u95e8<\/a>\uff0c\u524d\u8eab\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8<\/strong>\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4ea6\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8<\/a>[3]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1b\u5176\u884c\u653f\u9996\u957f\u4e3a\u56fd\u52a1\u537f<\/a>\uff08Secretary of State\uff0c\u610f\u5373\u56fd\u52a1\u90e8\u957f\uff09\uff0c\u73b0\u4efb\u7684\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u662f\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u00b7\u5e03\u6797\u80af<\/a>\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u603b\u90e8\u8bbe\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u9996\u90fd\u534e\u76db\u987f<\/a>\u96fe\u8c37<\/a>\u5730\u533aC\u88572201\u53f7\u7684\u675c\u9c81\u95e8\u5927\u697c<\/a>\uff0c\u79bb\u767d\u5bab<\/a>\u53ea\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u8857\u533a\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u201c\u96fe\u8c37\u201d\uff08Foggy Bottom\uff09\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7684\u4ee3\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5185\u9601<\/a>\u4e2d\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u526f\u603b\u7edf<\/a>\u540e\u7684\u9601\u5458\u3002\u5982\u679c\u603b\u7edf\u65e0\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u884c\u4f7f\u603b\u7edf\u6743\u529b\u80fd\u529b\u6216\u8005\u610f\u5916\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u7ee7\u4efb\u987a\u5e8f<\/a>\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u6392\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u4f4d\uff0c\u5373\u6392\u5728\u526f\u603b\u7edf\u3001\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u8bae\u957f<\/a>\u548c\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u4e34\u65f6\u8bae\u957f<\/a>\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u957f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u603b\u7406<\/a>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u603b\u7edf\u5236<\/a>\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u603b\u7edf<\/a>\u8eab\u517c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5143\u9996\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u9996\u8111\u548c\u4e09\u519b\u7edf\u5e05\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

United States Department of State<\/strong>(DOS<\/strong>),[3]<\/a>or simply the State Department<\/strong>,[4]<\/a> is an executive department<\/a> of the U.S. federal government<\/a> responsible for the country’s foreign policy<\/a> and relations<\/a>. Equivalent to the ministry of foreign affairs<\/a> of other nations, its primary duties are advising the U.S. president<\/a> on international relations, administering diplomatic missions<\/a>, negotiating international treaties and agreements, and representing the U.S. at the United Nations<\/a>.[5]<\/a> The department is headquartered in the Harry S Truman Building<\/a>, a few blocks from the White House<\/a>, in the Foggy Bottom<\/a> neighborhood of Washington, D.C.<\/a>; “Foggy Bottom” is thus sometimes used as a metonym<\/a>.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\uff08The United States Department of State\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0DOS\uff09[3]\uff0c\u6216\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3a\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\uff08State Department\uff09[4]\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u804c\u8d23\u5305\u62ec\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u5916\u4ea4\u4f7f\u56e2\u3001\u8c08\u5224\u56fd\u9645\u6761\u7ea6\u548c\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee3\u8868\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u53d1\u8a00[5]\u3002\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u603b\u90e8\u8bbe\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7279\u533a\u7684\u96fe\u8c37\uff08Foggy Bottom\uff09\u533a\uff0c\u8ddd\u79bb\u767d\u5bab\u51e0\u4e2a\u8857\u533a\u7684\u54c8\u91cc\u00b7S\u00b7\u675c\u9c81\u95e8\u5927\u697c\uff08Harry S Truman Building\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u201cFoggy Bottom\u201d\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ee3\u79f0\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Established in 1789 as the first administrative arm of the U.S. executive branch<\/a>, the State Department is considered among the most powerful and prestigious executive agencies.[6]<\/a> It is headed by the U.S. secretary of state<\/a>, who reports directly to the U.S. president and is a member of the Cabinet<\/a>. Analogous to a foreign minister<\/a>, the secretary of state serves as the federal government’s chief diplomat and representative abroad, and is the first Cabinet official in the order of precedence<\/a> and in the presidential line of succession<\/a>. The position is currently held by Antony Blinken<\/a>, who was appointed by President Joe Biden<\/a> and confirmed by the U.S. Senate<\/a> on January 26, 2021, by a vote of 78\u201322.[7]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1789\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u548c\u5a01\u671b\u7684\u884c\u653f\u673a\u6784\u4e4b\u4e00[6]\u3002\u5b83\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u9886\u5bfc\u2014\u2014\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u5185\u9601\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u957f\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u662f\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9996\u5e2d\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u548c\u6d77\u5916\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u5185\u9601\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u603b\u7edf\u7ee7\u4efb\u987a\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e00\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u7531\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u00b7\u5e03\u6797\u80af\u62c5\u4efb\u8be5\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e8e2021\u5e741\u670826\u65e5\u83b7\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u4ee578\u7968\u5bf922\u7968\u7684\u8868\u51b3\u7ed3\u679c\u88ab\u603b\u7edf\u4e54\u00b7\u62dc\u767b\u4efb\u547d\u5e76\u786e\u8ba4[7]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As of 2019, the State Department maintains 273 diplomatic posts worldwide, second only to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China<\/a>.[8]<\/a> It also manages the U.S. Foreign Service<\/a>, provides diplomatic training<\/a> to U.S. officials and military personnel, exercises partial jurisdiction over immigration<\/a>, and provides various services to Americans, such as issuing passports<\/a> and visas<\/a>, posting foreign travel advisories, and advancing commercial ties abroad. The department administers the oldest U.S. civilian intelligence agency, the Bureau of Intelligence and Research<\/a>, and maintains a law enforcement arm<\/a>, the Diplomatic Security Service<\/a>.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u622a\u81f32019\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u8bbe\u6709273\u4e2a\u5916\u4ea4\u5c97\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u91cf\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8[8]\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u7ba1\u7406\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u670d\u52a1\u90e8\uff0c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b98\u5458\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u4eba\u5458\u63d0\u4f9b\u5916\u4ea4\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u7ba1\u7406\u79fb\u6c11\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7b7e\u53d1\u62a4\u7167\u548c\u7b7e\u8bc1\u3001\u53d1\u5e03\u5916\u56fd\u65c5\u884c\u8b66\u793a\u5e76\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5bf9\u5916\u5546\u4e1a\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u8be5\u90e8\u95e8\u7ba1\u7406\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u6c11\u7528\u60c5\u62a5\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5373\u60c5\u62a5\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u5c40\uff0c\u5e76\u7ef4\u62a4\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u6267\u6cd5\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u5373\u5916\u4ea4\u5b89\u5168\u5c40\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u5386\u53f2 \uff5c History<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u56fe1-1\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u6839\u636e1787\u5e74\u5728\u5bbe\u5dde\u8d39\u57ce\u8d77\u8349\u5e76\u57281788\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u5404\u5dde\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5<\/a>\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u8d1f\u8d23\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u30021789\u5e747\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f17\u53c2\u4e24\u9662\u6279\u51c6\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8054\u90a6\u5916\u4ea4\u673a\u6784\u2014\u2014\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8<\/strong>\uff08Department of Foreign Affairs\uff09\uff0c7\u670827\u65e5\u7531\u534e\u76db\u987f\u603b\u7edf\u7b7e\u5b57\u6279\u51c6\u751f\u6548\u30021789\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53c8\u901a\u8fc7\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c06\u8be5\u673a\u6784\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6539\u4e3a\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\uff0c\u8ba9\u8be5\u673a\u6784\u4e5f\u5904\u7406\u8054\u90a6\u5404\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u8d4b\u4e88\u5176\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d23\u804c\u5305\u62ec\u7ba1\u7406\u7f8e\u56fd\u94f8\u5e01\u5c40<\/a>\uff0c\u638c\u7ba1\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u73ba\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u5185\u4e8b\u52a1\u6700\u7ec8\u8f6c\u4ea419\u4e16\u7eaa\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u5404\u90e8\u548c\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u540d\u79f0\u4fdd\u7559\u81f3\u4eca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.1 18\u4e16\u7eaa \uff5c Eighteenth century<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Articles of Confederation<\/a> did not designate a separate executive branch of the government. Foreign affairs were delegated to the Committee of Secret Correspondence<\/strong> by the Congress of the Confederation<\/a> in 1775, based on the Committee of Correspondence that was used by the colony of Massachusetts to communicate with the other colonies. The Committee of Secret Correspondence was renamed the Committee of Foreign Affairs<\/strong> in 1777.[9]<\/a> In 1781, the Department of Foreign Affairs<\/strong> was established as a permanent body to replace the Committee of Foreign Affairs, and the office of secretary of foreign affairs was established to lead the department.[10]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u300a\u90a6\u8054\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\u6ca1\u6709\u89c4\u5b9a\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u30021775\u5e74\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u9a6c\u8428\u8bf8\u585e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u201c\u901a\u4fe1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u90a6\u8054\u5927\u4f1a\u5c06\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u59d4\u6258\u7ed9\u4e86\u79d8\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u30021777\u5e74\uff0c\u79d8\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6539\u540d\u4e3a\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a[9]\u30021781\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3a\u53d6\u4ee3\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c38\u4e45\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u957f\u4e00\u804c\u6765\u9886\u5bfc\u8be5\u90e8\u95e8[10]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Constitution<\/a>, drafted September 1787 and ratified<\/a> the following year, gave the president<\/a>responsibility for conducting the federal government’s affairs with foreign states. To that end, on July 21, 1789, the First Congress<\/a> approved legislation to reestablish the Department of Foreign Affairs under the new government, which President George Washington<\/a> signed into law on July 27, making the department the first federal agency to be created under the new Constitution.[11]<\/a> This legislation remains the basic law of the Department of State.[12]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u4e8e1787\u5e749\u6708\u8d77\u8349\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b21\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u8d4b\u4e88\u603b\u7edf\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e0e\u5916\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u57281789\u5e747\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u56fd\u4f1a\u6279\u51c6\u4e86\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u534e\u76db\u987f\u603b\u7edf\u4e8e7\u670827\u65e5\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u90e8\u95e8\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8054\u90a6\u673a\u6784[11]\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u7acb\u6cd5\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u5f8b[12]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In September 1789, additional legislation<\/a> changed the name of the agency to the Department of State<\/strong> and assigned it a variety of domestic duties, including managing the United States Mint<\/a>, keeping the Great Seal of the United States<\/a>, and administering the census<\/a>. President Washington signed the new legislation on September 15.[13]<\/a> Most of these domestic duties gradually were transferred to various federal departments and agencies established in the 19th century. However, the secretary of state still retains a few domestic responsibilities, such as serving as keeper of the Great Seal and being the officer to whom a president or vice president wishing to resign must deliver an instrument in writing<\/a> declaring the decision.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a1789\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c06\u8be5\u673a\u6784\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u56fd\u5185\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7ba1\u7406\u7f8e\u56fd\u9020\u5e01\u5382\uff0c\u4fdd\u7ba1\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5fbd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fdb\u884c\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u3002\u534e\u76db\u987f\u603b\u7edf\u4e8e9\u670815\u65e5\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u8fd9\u9879\u65b0\u7acb\u6cd5[13]\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5185\u804c\u8d23\u9010\u6e10\u88ab19\u4e16\u7eaa\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u8054\u90a6\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u673a\u6784\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u4ecd\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5185\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u62c5\u4efb\u56fd\u5fbd\u4fdd\u7ba1\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f5c\u4e3a\u603b\u7edf\u6216\u526f\u603b\u7edf\u5e0c\u671b\u8f9e\u804c\u7684\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4e66\u9762\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reflecting the fledgling status of the US at the time, the Department of State under Secretary Jefferson comprised only six personnel, two diplomatic posts (in London and Paris), and 10 consular posts.[14]<\/a> When Jefferson took charge of the department, one clerk oversaw The Foreign Office and another oversaw the Home Office. Congress authorized the department hire a chief clerk for each office in June 1790, but the offices were consolidated under a single clerk the following month.[15]<\/a> In 1793, responsibility over patents was transferred from the cabinet to the Department of State. The office of superintendent of patents was created to carry out this responsibility, but the office was not recognized by Congress until 1830.[16]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u53cd\u6620\u5f53\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u521d\u751f\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6770\u6590\u900a\u62c5\u4efb\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u65f6\u7684\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u53ea\u6709\u516d\u540d\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5916\u4ea4\u5c97\u4f4d\uff08\u4f26\u6566\u548c\u5df4\u9ece\uff09\u548c\u5341\u4e2a\u9886\u4e8b\u5c97\u4f4d[14]\u3002\u5f53\u6770\u6590\u900a\u63a5\u7ba1\u8be5\u90e8\u95e8\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u804c\u5458\u8d1f\u8d23\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d1f\u8d23\u56fd\u5185\u4e8b\u52a1\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u3002\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e8e1790\u5e746\u6708\u6388\u6743\u8be5\u90e8\u95e8\u8058\u8bf7\u6bcf\u4e2a\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u7684\u9996\u5e2d\u804c\u5458\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6b21\u6708\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u804c\u5458[15]\u30021793\u5e74\uff0c\u4e13\u5229\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u4ece\u5185\u9601\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u3002\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e13\u5229\u76d1\u7ba1\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u6765\u627f\u62c5\u8fd9\u4e00\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u76f4\u52301830\u5e74\u624d\u88ab\u56fd\u4f1a\u8ba4\u53ef[16]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2 19\u4e16\u7eaa \uff5c Nineteenth century<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

For much of its history, the Department of State was composed of two primary administrative units: the diplomatic service, which staffed US legations<\/a> and embassies, and the consular service, which was primarily responsible for promoting American commerce abroad and assisting distressed American sailors.[17]<\/a> Each service developed separately, but both lacked sufficient funding to provide for a career; consequently, appointments to either service fell on those with the financial means to sustain their work abroad. Combined with the common practice of appointing individuals based on politics or patronage, rather than merit, this led the department to largely favor those with political networks and wealth, rather than skill and knowledge.[18]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5728\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u884c\u653f\u5355\u4f4d\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4f7f\u9986\u548c\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u7684\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9886\u4e8b\u4e8b\u52a1\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u548c\u534f\u52a9\u56f0\u6270\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c34\u624b[17]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u95e8\u5206\u522b\u72ec\u7acb\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4efb\u547d\u5230\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u80fd\u529b\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u52a0\u4e0a\u6839\u636e\u653f\u6cbb\u6216\u4efb\u547d\u6743\u800c\u975e\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u4efb\u547d\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u666e\u904d\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u504f\u5411\u90a3\u4e9b\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6280\u80fd\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6[18]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1833, Secretary of State Louis McLane<\/a> oversaw a major restructure of the Department of State into a formal collection of seven bureaus: the Diplomatic Bureau; the Consular Bureau; the Home Bureau; the Bureau of Archives, Laws, and Commissions; the Bureau of Pardons and Remissions, Copyrights, and the Care of the Library; the Disbursing and Superintending Bureau; and the Translating and Miscellaneous Bureau. His successor John Forsyth<\/a> reduced this number to just four the following year, overseen by a chief clerk: the Diplomatic Bureau; the Consular Bureau; the Home Bureau; and the Keeper of the Archives, Translator, and Disbursing Agent.[19]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a1833\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u8def\u6613\u65af\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u83b1\u6069(Louis McLane)\u5bf9\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u91cd\u7ec4\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u6b63\u5f0f\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e03\u4e2a\u5c40:\u5916\u4ea4\u5c40;\u9886\u4e8b\u5c40;\u6c11\u653f\u4e8b\u52a1\u5c40;\u6863\u6848\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5c40;\u8d66\u514d\u3001\u7248\u6743\u548c\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40;\u652f\u51fa\u548c\u76d1\u7ba1\u5c40;\u7ffb\u8bd1\u53ca\u6742\u9879\u5c40\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7ee7\u4efb\u8005\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u798f\u8d5b\u65af(John Forsyth)\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u5b57\u51cf\u5c11\u5230\u53ea\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u7531\u4e00\u540d\u9996\u5e2d\u804c\u5458\u76d1\u7763:\u5916\u4ea4\u5c40;\u9886\u4e8b\u5c40;\u6c11\u653f\u4e8b\u52a1\u5c40;\u4ee5\u53ca\u6863\u6848\u4fdd\u7ba1\u5458\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u548c\u652f\u4ed8\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u3002[19]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The office of Commissioner of Patents was created in 1836.[20]<\/a> In 1842, the Department of State was required to report to Congress on foreign commercial systems, and a clerk within the department was assigned the responsibility of arranging this information. This position was established as the Superintendent of Statistics in 1854 and the Statistical Office was created within the department.[20]<\/a> In 1853, the office of Assistant Secretary of State<\/a> was created to oversee the heads of each bureau.[20]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e13\u5229\u4e13\u5458\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1836\u5e74\u3002[20]1842\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u5411\u56fd\u4f1a\u62a5\u544a\u5916\u56fd\u5546\u4e1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8be5\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u804c\u5458\u88ab\u6307\u6d3e\u8d1f\u8d23\u6574\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u804c\u4f4d\u4e8e1854\u5e74\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e3a\u7edf\u8ba1\u603b\u76d1\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u90e8\u95e8\u5185\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u7edf\u8ba1\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u3002[20]1853\u5e74\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u52a9\u7406\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u6765\u76d1\u7763\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c40\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u3002[20]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Commissioner of Immigration existed between 1864 and 1868. An Examiner of Claims was established in 1868 to address claims by American citizens against foreign nations, but it was abolished in 1868 and then reestablished in 1870 under the newly established Law Bureau.[21]<\/a> In 1870, Secretary of State Hamilton Fish<\/a> reorganized the department into twelve bureaus: the Chief Clerk’s Bureau, two Diplomatic Bureaus, two Consular Bureaus, the Law Bureau, the Bureau of Accounts, the Statistical Bureau, the Bureau of Translations, the Bureau of Pardons and Commissions, the Bureau of Domestic Records, and the Passport Bureau. The bureaus of law, translations, and domestic records each consisted of a single person responsible for that duty.[22]<\/a> A mail division was established in 1872 and the office of Keeper of Rolls was made independent of the Chief Clerk’s Bureau in 1873.[21]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a1864\u5e74\u81f31868\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\u8bbe\u6709\u79fb\u6c11\u4e13\u5458\u30021868\u5e74\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u7d22\u8d54\u5ba1\u67e5\u5458\uff0c\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u5bf9\u5916\u56fd\u7684\u7d22\u8d54\uff0c\u4f46\u57281868\u5e74\u88ab\u5e9f\u9664\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u57281870\u5e74\u65b0\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c40\u4e0b\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u3002[21]1870\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u00b7\u8d39\u4ec0\u5c06\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u6539\u7ec4\u4e3a12\u4e2a\u5c40:\u603b\u6587\u5458\u5c40\u3001\u4e24\u4e2a\u5916\u4ea4\u5c40\u3001\u4e24\u4e2a\u9886\u4e8b\u5c40\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c40\u3001\u5ba1\u8ba1\u5c40\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u5c40\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5c40\u3001\u8d66\u514d\u548c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5c40\u3001\u56fd\u5185\u8bb0\u5f55\u5c40\u548c\u62a4\u7167\u5c40\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c40\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5c40\u548c\u56fd\u5185\u6863\u6848\u5c40\u5404\u7531\u4e00\u4eba\u8d1f\u8d23\u8fd9\u9879\u804c\u8d23\u3002[22]1872\u5e74\uff0c\u90ae\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u6210\u7acb\uff0c1873\u5e74\uff0c\u7c3f\u8bb0\u5458\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u4ece\u603b\u6587\u5458\u5c40\u72ec\u7acb\u51fa\u6765\u3002[21]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Congress legally recognized the bureau system and provided official salaries for some bureau positions in 1873.[21]<\/a> Following Congressional recognition, several acts of Congress modified the structure of the bureaus between 1874 and 1882.[23]<\/a> At the end of the nineteenth century, the department consisted of the Chief Clerk’s Bureau, the Diplomatic Bureau, the Consular Bureau, the Bureau of Accounts, the Bureau of Foreign Commerce, the Bureau of Appointments, and the Bureau of Archives. Other offices, such as that of translator, also operated separately from the bureau system.[24]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a1873\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u5206\u5c40\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5206\u5c40\u804c\u4f4d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b98\u65b9\u5de5\u8d44\u3002[21]\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u8ba4\u53ef\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u7684\u51e0\u9879\u6cd5\u6848\u57281874\u5e74\u81f31882\u5e74\u95f4\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u5c40\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002[23]\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u8be5\u90e8\u95e8\u7531\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u5c40\u3001\u5916\u4ea4\u5c40\u3001\u9886\u4e8b\u5c40\u3001\u5ba1\u8ba1\u5c40\u3001\u5916\u5546\u5c40\u3001\u4efb\u547d\u5c40\u548c\u6863\u6848\u5c40\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff0c\u5982\u7ffb\u8bd1\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0e\u5c40\u7ea7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u5f00\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002[24]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3 20\u4e16\u7eaa \uff5c Twentieth century<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In 1903, the Bureau of Foreign Commerce was transferred to the newly created Department of Commerce and Labor<\/a>, and the bureau was replaced by an office to facilitate the transfer of information between consular offices and the new department. The Passport Bureau was restored the same year, and its name was changed to the Bureau of Citizenship in 1907.[25]<\/a> The department underwent a major reform in 1909 when Congress expanded its funding. Separate divisions were established within the department for Latin American Affairs, Far Eastern Affairs, Near Eastern Affairs, Western European Affairs, and Information.[26]<\/a> An additional Division of Mexican Affairs was established in 1915.[27]<\/a> The Bureau of Trade Relations was abolished in 1912 and replaced by an Office of Foreign Trade Advisers, and the Office of the Adviser on Commercial Treaties was split from this office in 1916.[27]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a1903\u5e74\uff0c\u5916\u5546\u5c40\u88ab\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u65b0\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u90e8\uff0c\u8be5\u5c40\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u548c\u65b0\u90e8\u95e8\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u3002\u540c\u5e74\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u62a4\u7167\u5c40\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1907\u5e74\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u516c\u6c11\u5c40\u3002[25]\u8be5\u90e8\u95e8\u57281909\u5e74\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u91cd\u5927\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u56fd\u4f1a\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u5176\u8d44\u91d1\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u90e8\u5185\u5206\u522b\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u4e8b\u52a1\u3001\u8fdc\u4e1c\u4e8b\u52a1\u3001\u8fd1\u4e1c\u4e8b\u52a1\u3001\u897f\u6b27\u4e8b\u52a1\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u90e8\u3002[26]1915\u5e74\u53c8\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4e8b\u52a1\u90e8\u3002[27]\u8d38\u6613\u5173\u7cfb\u5c40\u4e8e1912\u5e74\u88ab\u5e9f\u9664\uff0c\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u5916\u8d38\u6613\u987e\u95ee\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff0c\u5546\u4e1a\u6761\u7ea6\u987e\u95ee\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u4e8e1916\u5e74\u4ece\u8be5\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\u3002[27]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During World War I<\/a>, the Bureau of Citizenship was tasked with vetting every person that entered or departed from the United States to ensure public safety. New branches for the Bureau of Citizenship were opened in New York and San Francisco. In the final months of World War I, the Bureau of Citizenship was split into the Division of Passport Control and the Visa Office. Other changes made during World War I include the conversion of the Division of Information into the Division of Foreign Intelligence in 1917 and the establishment of the Correspondence Bureau in 1918.[28]<\/a> The Division of Russian Affairs was established in 1919, and the Division of Political Information were established in 1920.The Department of State underwent its first major overhaul with the Rogers Act of 1924<\/a>, which merged the diplomatic and consular services into the Foreign Service<\/a>, a professionalized personnel system under which the secretary of state<\/a> is authorized to assign diplomats<\/a> abroad. An extremely difficult Foreign Service examination was also implemented to ensure highly qualified recruits, along with a merit-based system of promotions. The Rogers Act also created the Board of the Foreign Service, which advises the secretary of state on managing the Foreign Service, and the Board of Examiners of the Foreign Service, which administers the examination process.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u5c40\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u5ba1\u67e5\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u51fa\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u516c\u5171\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u5c40\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u548c\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u5f00\u8bbe\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5206\u652f\u673a\u6784\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7684\u6700\u540e\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u5c40\u88ab\u5206\u6210\u62a4\u7167\u7ba1\u7406\u5904\u548c\u7b7e\u8bc1\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u53d8\u5316\u5305\u62ec1917\u5e74\u60c5\u62a5\u5904\u6539\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5916\u60c5\u62a5\u5904\uff0c1918\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u51fd\u7535\u5c40\u3002[28]1919\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e8b\u52a1\u90e8\uff0c1920\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u606f\u90e8\u30021924\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u7f57\u6770\u65af\u6cd5\u6848\u300b(Rogers Act)\u51fa\u53f0\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9996\u6b21\u91cd\u5927\u6539\u9769\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u5c06\u5916\u4ea4\u548c\u9886\u4e8b\u670d\u52a1\u90e8\u95e8\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u5916\u4ea4\u670d\u52a1\u90e8\u95e8(Foreign Service)\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u4e8b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u6709\u6743\u5411\u6d77\u5916\u6d3e\u9063\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u3002\u8fd8\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u6781\u5176\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5f81\u8058\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5b9e\u884c\u4ee5\u6210\u7ee9\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u664b\u5347\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u300a\u7f57\u6770\u65af\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u8fd8\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a(Board of The Foreign Service)\u548c\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u5ba1\u67e5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a(Board of Examiners of The Foreign Service)\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u8d1f\u8d23\u5411\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ba1\u7406\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u5ba1\u67e5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The post-Second World War period saw an unprecedented increase in funding and staff commensurate with the US’s emergence as a superpower and its competition with the Soviet Union in the subsequent Cold War.[14]<\/a> Consequently, the number of domestic and overseas employees grew from roughly 2,000 in 1940 to over 13,000 in 1960.[14]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d85\u7ea7\u5927\u56fd\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u51b7\u6218\u4e2d\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u8d44\u91d1\u548c\u4eba\u5458\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u3002[14]\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u548c\u6d77\u5916\u96c7\u5458\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4ece1940\u5e74\u7684\u5927\u7ea62000\u4eba\u589e\u52a0\u52301960\u5e74\u768413000\u591a\u4eba\u3002[14]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1997, Madeleine Albright<\/a> became the first woman appointed secretary of state and the first foreign-born woman to serve in the Cabinet.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a1997\u5e74\uff0c\u9a6c\u5fb7\u7433\u00b7\u5965\u5c14\u5e03\u8d56\u7279\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u7684\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5728\u5185\u9601\u4efb\u804c\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u5973\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.4 \u73b0\u5728 \uff5c Present<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 3rd millennium saw the department reinvent itself in response to the rapid digitization<\/a> of society and the global economy. In 2007, it launched an official blog, Dipnote<\/a>, as well as a Twitter<\/a> account of the same name, to engage with a global audience. Internally, it launched a wiki<\/a>, Diplopedia<\/a>; a suggestion forum called the Sounding Board<\/a>;[29]<\/a> and a professional networking software, “Corridor”.[30]<\/a>[31]<\/a> In May 2009, the Virtual Student Federal Service<\/a> (VSFS) was created to provide remote internships to students.[32]<\/a> The same year, the Department of State was the fourth most desired employer for undergraduates according to BusinessWeek<\/a>.[33]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\uff08\u516c\u5143\u540e\u7684\uff09\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5343\u5e74\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u8be5\u90e8\u95e8\u91cd\u5851\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u5168\u7403\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u30022007\u5e74\uff0c\u5b83\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b98\u65b9\u535a\u5ba2\uff0cDipnote\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u7684Twitter\u8d26\u6237\uff0c\u4ee5\u5438\u5f15\u5168\u7403\u7684\u89c2\u4f17\u3002\u5728\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u5b83\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff0c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1;\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u58f0\u97f3\u677f\u201d\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u8bba\u575b\uff0c[29]\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8f6f\u4ef6\u201c\u8d70\u5eca\u201d\u3002[30][31] 2009\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u865a\u62df\u5b66\u751f\u8054\u90a6\u670d\u52a1(VSFS)\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b66\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5b9e\u4e60\u3002[32]\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u300a\u5546\u4e1a\u5468\u520a\u300b\u7684\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u662f\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u7b2c\u56db\u5927\u7406\u60f3\u96c7\u4e3b\u3002[33]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From 2009 to 2017, the State Department launched 21st Century Statecraft,<\/em> with the official goal of “complementing traditional foreign policy tools with newly innovated and adapted instruments of statecraft that fully leverage the technologies of our interconnected world.”[34]<\/a> The initiative was designed to utilize digital technology and the Internet to promote foreign policy goals; examples include promoting an SMS<\/a>campaign to provide disaster relief to Pakistan,[35]<\/a> and sending DOS personnel to Libya to assist in developing Internet infrastructure and e-government.[36]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4ece2009\u5e74\u52302017\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u542f\u52a8\u4e8621\u4e16\u7eaa\u6cbb\u56fd\u65b9\u7565\uff0c\u5176\u5b98\u65b9\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u201c\u5229\u7528\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7684\u65b0\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u6cbb\u56fd\u65b9\u7565\u6765\u8865\u5145\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u5de5\u5177\u201d\u3002[34]\u8be5\u5021\u8bae\u65e8\u5728\u5229\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u6280\u672f\u548c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u6807;\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8SMScampaign\u5411\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u63d0\u4f9b\u6551\u707e[35]\uff0c\u6d3e\u9063DOS\u4eba\u5458\u5230\u5229\u6bd4\u4e9a\u534f\u52a9\u53d1\u5c55\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u653f\u52a1[36]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Colin Powell<\/a>, who led the department from 2001 to 2005, became the first African-American<\/a> to hold the post; his immediate successor, Condoleezza Rice<\/a>, was the second female secretary of state<\/a> and the second African-American. Hillary Clinton<\/a> became the third female secretary of state when she was appointed in 2009.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a2001\u5e74\u81f32005\u5e74\u62c5\u4efb\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u90e8\u957f\u7684\u79d1\u6797\u00b7\u9c8d\u5a01\u5c14(Colin Powell)\u6210\u4e3a\u9996\u4f4d\u62c5\u4efb\u6b64\u804c\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba;\u4ed6\u7684\u7ee7\u4efb\u8005\u5eb7\u591a\u8389\u624e\u00b7\u8d56\u65af\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\u5973\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u5e0c\u62c9\u91cc\u00b7\u514b\u6797\u987f\u4e8e2009\u5e74\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u5973\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the State Department began expanding into the Navy Hill Complex across 23rd Street NW from the Truman Building.[37]<\/a> A joint venture consisting of the architectural firms of Goody, Clancy<\/a> and the Louis Berger Group<\/a> won a $2.5 million contract in January 2014 to begin planning the renovation of the buildings on the 11.8 acres (4.8 ha) Navy Hill campus, which housed the World War II headquarters of the Office of Strategic Services<\/a> and was the first headquarters of the Central Intelligence Agency<\/a>.[38]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a2014\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5f00\u59cb\u6269\u5efa\u5230\u6d77\u519b\u5c71\u7efc\u5408\u5927\u697c\uff0c\u4ece\u675c\u9c81\u95e8\u5927\u53a6\u7a7f\u8fc723\u8857\u897f\u5317\u3002[37]\u7531\u53e4\u8fea\u3001\u514b\u5170\u897f\u548c\u8def\u6613\u65af\u00b7\u4f2f\u6770\u96c6\u56e2\u5efa\u7b51\u516c\u53f8\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5408\u8d44\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e8e2014\u5e741\u6708\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u4ef7\u503c250\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba1\u5212\u5bf9\u6d77\u519b\u5c71\u6821\u56ed11.8\u82f1\u4ea9(4.8\u516c\u9877)\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u8fdb\u884c\u7ffb\u65b0\uff0c\u8be5\u6821\u56ed\u66fe\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u6218\u7565\u670d\u52a1\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u7684\u603b\u90e8\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u60c5\u62a5\u5c40\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u603b\u90e8\u3002[38]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In June 2022 the State Department launched a new transnational association<\/a>, the Minerals Security Partnership<\/a>.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a2022\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u8de8\u56fd\u534f\u4f1a\u2014\u2014\u77ff\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u804c\u80fd\u548c\u8d23\u4efb \uff5c Duties and responsibilities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u7531ChatGPT\u751f\u6210\uff09\uff1a”Duties”\u548c”responsibilities”\u90fd\u662f\u6307\u804c\u8d23\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002 “Duties”\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u804c\u4f4d\u6216\u89d2\u8272\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u5c65\u884c\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u804c\u8d23\u3002\u5728\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u5904\u7406\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3001\u53c2\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u4f1a\u8bae\u3001\u5236\u5b9a\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7b49\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4efb\u52a1\u3002 “Responsibilities”\u5219\u66f4\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u6307\u8d23\u4efb\u548c\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u673a\u6784\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u3001\u804c\u4f4d\u6216\u884c\u52a8\u8d1f\u6709\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5728\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u4fdd\u62a4\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u56fd\u9645\u548c\u5e73\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\u56fe2-1\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u537f<\/a>\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u987e\u95ee\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u7b56\u5b9a\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6d77\u5916\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u7f8e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u76ca\u8fdb\u884c\u7b56\u7565\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u5e76\u7814\u62df\u7f8e\u56fd\u672a\u6765\u5916\u4ea4\u4e0a\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u4f1a\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u63d0\u51fa\u5404\u90a6\u4ea4\u56fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u65b0\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u5e9c\u7b49\u76f8\u5173\u4e8b\u5b9c\u63d0\u51fa\u5efa\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u573a\u5408\u4e0a\u4ee3\u8868\u7f8e\u56fd\u7f14\u7ed3\u90a6\u4ea4\u3001\u7b7e\u7f72\u534f\u8bae\u6761\u7ea6\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5982\u5546\u52a1\u90e8\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u7f72\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u4e5f\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u548c\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u6765\u7f8e\u53c2\u89c2\u548c\u79fb\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u6839\u636e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u8d1f\u8d23\u6240\u6709\u5916\u4ea4\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5916\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5bf9\u5916\u63f4\u52a9\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u6253\u51fb\u56fd\u9645\u72af\u7f6a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5916\u519b\u4e8b\u57f9\u8bad\u9879\u76ee\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Executive Branch and the Congress have constitutional responsibilities for US foreign policy. Within the Executive Branch, the Department of State is the lead US foreign affairs agency, and its head, the secretary of state, is the president’s principal foreign policy advisor. The department advances US objectives and interests in the world through its primary role in developing and implementing the president’s foreign policy. It also provides an array of important services to US citizens and to foreigners seeking to visit or immigrate to the United States.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u56fd\u4f1a\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u5baa\u6cd5\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5728\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u5185\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u5373\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u662f\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u9996\u5e2d\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u987e\u95ee\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u6267\u884c\u603b\u7edf\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u63a8\u8fdb\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u548c\u5bfb\u6c42\u8bbf\u95ee\u6216\u79fb\u6c11\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u91cd\u8981\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All foreign affairs activities\u2014US representation abroad, foreign assistance programs, countering international crime, foreign military training programs, the services the department provides, and more\u2014are paid for out of the foreign affairs budget, which represents little more than 1% of the total federal budget.[39]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u673a\u6784\u3001\u5bf9\u5916\u63f4\u52a9\u8ba1\u5212\u3001\u6253\u51fb\u56fd\u9645\u72af\u7f6a\u3001\u5bf9\u5916\u519b\u4e8b\u57f9\u8bad\u8ba1\u5212\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u9884\u7b97\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9884\u7b97\u53ea\u5360\u5230\u603b\u8054\u90a6\u9884\u7b97\u76841%\u591a\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The department’s core activities and purpose include:
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u672c\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ca\u5b97\u65e8\u5305\u62ec:<\/p>\n\n\n\n