{"id":1757,"date":"2023-11-08T09:12:39","date_gmt":"2023-11-08T01:12:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=1757"},"modified":"2025-01-31T17:28:33","modified_gmt":"2025-01-31T09:28:33","slug":"boeing-747-fulltext-zhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2023\/11\/08\/boeing-747-fulltext-zhen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6ce2\u97f3 747 \/ Boeing 747 -\uff08\u5168\u6587\uff09\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u878d\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff08Wikipedia\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\uff08\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\uff09<\/a>\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8bd1\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u3002 \u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002 \u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee<\/strong>\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\u8fbd\u89c2\u6240\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e00\u9053\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167\u7248\u672c<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u548c\u89c6\u9891\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

0. \u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Role \u7c7b\u578b<\/th>Wide-body jet airliner \u5bbd\u4f53\u55b7\u6c14\u5f0f\u5ba2\u673a<\/td><\/tr>
National origin \u6765\u6e90\u56fd<\/th>United States \u7f8e\u56fd<\/td><\/tr>
Manufacturer \u5236\u9020\u5546<\/th>Boeing Commercial Airplanes
\u6ce2\u97f3\u5546\u7528\u98de\u673a\u516c\u53f8<\/td><\/tr>
First flight \u9996\u98de<\/th>February 9, 1969
1969\u5e742\u67089\u65e5<\/td><\/tr>
Introduction \u53d1\u5e03<\/th>January 22, 1970, with Pan Am
1970\u5e741\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\u7531\u6cdb\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u6267\u98de<\/td><\/tr>
Status \u73b0\u72b6<\/th>In service \uff08\u5df2\u505c\u4ea7\uff09\uff0c\u670d\u5f79\u4e2d<\/td><\/tr>
Primary users \u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u6237<\/th>Atlas Air \u963f\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u822a\u7a7a
Lufthansa \u6c49\u838e\u822a\u7a7a
Cargolux \u5362\u68ee\u5821\u8d27\u8fd0\u822a\u7a7a
UPS Airlines UPS\u822a\u7a7a<\/td><\/tr>
Produced \u5728\u4ea7\u5e74\u4efd<\/th>1968\u20132023<\/td><\/tr>
Number built \u751f\u4ea7\u6570\u91cf<\/th>1,574 (including prototype)
1574\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u539f\u578b\u673a<\/td><\/tr>
Variants \u5b50\u578b\u53f7<\/th>Boeing 747SP
Boeing 747-400
Boeing 747-8
Boeing VC-25
Boeing E-4
747 Supertanker<\/td><\/tr>
Developed into \u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a<\/th>Boeing Dreamlifter
Boeing YAL-1
Shuttle Carrier Aircraft
SOFIA<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce2\u97f3747<\/strong>\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u73cd\u5b9d\u5ba2\u673a<\/strong>\u201d\uff08Jumbo Jet\uff09[6]<\/a>[7]<\/a>\uff0c\u662f\u5168\u4e16\u754c<\/a>\u9996\u6b3e\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u5bbd\u4f53<\/a>\u6c11\u822a\u98de\u673a<\/a>\uff0c\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd<\/a>\u6ce2\u97f3\u6c11\u7528\u98de\u673a\u96c6\u56e2<\/a>\u5236\u9020\u3002\u6ce2\u97f3747\u96cf\u578b\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u662f1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6ce2\u97f3707<\/a>\u7684\u4e24\u500d[8]<\/a>\u30021970\u5e74\u81f32007\u5e74\uff08A380<\/a>\u6295\u5165\u670d\u52a1\uff09\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3747\u4fdd\u6301\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u8f7d\u5ba2\u91cf\u6700\u9ad8\u98de\u673a\u7684\u7eaa\u5f55\u957f\u8fbe37\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY 2.5\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1aA380\u4e0e\u6ce2\u97f3747\u6a2a\u622a\u9762\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u6cd5\u8bed\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1<\/a>\u7684Steff<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce2\u97f3747\u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u534a\u53cc\u5c42\u56db\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8f7d\u5ba2\u3001\u8f7d\u8d27\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u6307\u6325\u4e13\u673a<\/a>\u548c\u7a7a\u519b\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8<\/a>\u3002747\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4ee4\u5b83\u7684\u8d27\u673a\u578b\u53f7\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u673a\u9996\u52a0\u88c5\u8d27\u8231\u95e8\uff0c\u5ba2\u673a\u578b\u53f7\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u5ea7\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e09\u7ea7\u5ea7\u8231\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff08\u5373\u662f\u5206\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u5546\u52a1\u548c\u5934\u7b49\u8231\uff09\u7684\u8f7d\u5ba2\u91cf\u8fbe\u5230416\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u53cc\u7ea7\u8231\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u8f7d\u5ba2\u91cf\u5219\u9ad8\u8fbe524\u4eba\u3002747\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bbd\u4f53\u5ba2\u673a\u57281969\u5e74\u6a2a\u7a7a\u51fa\u4e16\uff0c\u4ee4\u6c11\u822a\u8f7d\u5ba2\u91cf\u663e\u8457\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5e76\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u673a\u7968\u6210\u672c\u4e0e\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u666e\u7f57\u5927\u4f17\u73af\u6e38\u4e16\u754c\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Boeing 747<\/strong> is a large, long-range wide-body airliner<\/a> designed and manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes<\/a> in the United States between 1968 and 2023. After introducing the 707<\/a> in October 1958, Pan Am<\/a> wanted a jet 2+1\u20442 times its size, to reduce its seat cost<\/a> by 30%. In 1965, Joe Sutter<\/a> left the 737<\/a> development program to design the 747. In April 1966, Pan Am ordered 25 Boeing 747-100 aircraft, and in late 1966, Pratt & Whitney<\/a> agreed to develop the JT9D<\/a> engine, a high-bypass turbofan<\/a>. On September 30, 1968, the first 747 was rolled out of the custom-built Everett Plant<\/a>, the world’s largest building by volume<\/a>. The first flight took place on February 9, 1969, and the 747 was certified in December of that year. It entered service with Pan Am on January 22, 1970. The 747 was the first airplane called a “Jumbo Jet” as the first wide-body airliner.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6ce2\u97f3747\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u6ce2\u97f3\u5546\u7528\u98de\u673a\u516c\u53f8\u57281968\u5e74\u81f32023\u5e74\u95f4\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5236\u9020\u7684\u4e00\u6b3e\u5927\u578b\u3001\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5bbd\u4f53\u5ba2\u673a\u3002\u57281958\u5e7410\u6708\u63a8\u51fa707\u540e\uff0c\u6cdb\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u5e0c\u671b\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u6b3e\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a707\u76842.5\u500d\u7684\u55b7\u6c14\u5f0f\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u5176\u5ea7\u4f4d\u6210\u672c30%\u30021965\u5e74\uff0cJoe Sutter\u79bb\u5f00737\u5f00\u53d1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u8bbe\u8ba1747\u30021966\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u6cdb\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u8ba2\u8d2d\u4e8625\u67b6\u6ce2\u97f3747-100\u578b\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u540c\u5e74\u665a\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u666e\u60e0\u516c\u53f8\u540c\u610f\u5f00\u53d1JT9D\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6db5\u9053\u6da1\u8f6e\u98ce\u6247\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u30021968\u5e749\u670830\u65e5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u67b6747\u4ece\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u2014\u2014\u5b9a\u5236\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u57c3\u5f17\u96f7\u7279\u5de5\u5382\u9a76\u51fa\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u98de\u884c\u53d1\u751f\u57281969\u5e742\u67089\u65e5\uff0c747\u4e8e\u540c\u5e7412\u6708\u83b7\u5f97\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002\u5b83\u4e8e1970\u5e741\u670822\u65e5\u4e0e\u6cdb\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u4e00\u8d77\u6295\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b3e\u5bbd\u4f53\u5ba2\u673a\uff0c747\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u73cd\u5b9d\u55b7\u6c14\u673a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The 747 is a four-engined jet aircraft<\/a>, initially powered by Pratt & Whitney JT9D<\/a> turbofan<\/a>engines, then General Electric CF6<\/a> and Rolls-Royce RB211<\/a> engines for the original variants. With a ten-abreast economy seating, it typically accommodates 366 passengers in three travel classes<\/a>. It has a pronounced 37.5\u00b0 wing sweep<\/a>, allowing a Mach 0.85 (490 kn; 900 km\/h) cruise speed<\/a>, and its heavy weight is supported by four main landing gear legs, each with a four-wheel bogie<\/a>. The partial double-deck aircraft<\/a> was designed with a raised cockpit so it could be converted to a freighter airplane<\/a> by installing a front cargo door, as it was initially thought that it would eventually be superseded by supersonic transports<\/a>.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6ce2\u97f3747\u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u56db\u5f15\u64ce\u55b7\u6c14\u5f0f\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u7531\u666e\u60e0JT9D\u6da1\u8f6e\u98ce\u6247\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u63d0\u4f9b\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u4e3a\u539f\u59cb\u7248\u672c\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u901a\u7528\u7535\u6c14CF6\u548c\u52b3\u65af\u83b1\u65afRB211\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u5b83\u91c7\u7528\u5341\u6392\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8231\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u5bb9\u7eb3366\u540d\u4e58\u5ba2\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u65c5\u884c\u7b49\u7ea7\u3002\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u660e\u663e\u768437.5\u00b0\u7ffc\u5c55\uff0c\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b00.85\u9a6c\u8d6b\uff08490 kn; 900 km\/h\uff09\u7684\u5de1\u822a\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5176\u6c89\u91cd\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u7531\u56db\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8d77\u843d\u67b6\u652f\u6491\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8d77\u843d\u67b6\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u8f6e\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u6b3e\u90e8\u5206\u53cc\u5c42\u98de\u673a\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e26\u6709\u62ac\u9ad8\u7684\u9a7e\u9a76\u8231\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b89\u88c5\u524d\u90e8\u8d27\u8231\u95e8\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u8d27\u8fd0\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6700\u521d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u88ab\u8d85\u97f3\u901f\u8fd0\u8f93\u673a\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Boeing introduced the -200 in 1971, with more powerful engines for a heavier maximum takeoff weight<\/a> (MTOW) of 833,000 pounds (378 t) from the initial 735,000 pounds (333 t), increasing the maximum range from 4,620 to 6,560 nautical miles<\/a> [nmi] (8,560 to 12,150 km; 5,320 to 7,550 mi). It was shortened for the longer-range 747SP<\/a> in 1976, and the 747-300 followed in 1983 with a stretched upper deck for up to 400 seats in three classes. The heavier 747-400<\/a> with improved RB211 and CF6 engines or the new PW4000<\/a> engine (the JT9D successor), and a two-crew glass cockpit<\/a>, was introduced in 1989 and is the most common variant. After several studies, the stretched 747-8<\/a> was launched on November 14, 2005, with new General Electric GEnx<\/a> engines, and was first delivered in October 2011.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u57281971\u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u6ce2\u97f3747-200\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u5927\u8d77\u98de\u91cd\u91cf\uff08MTOW\uff09\u4ece\u6700\u521d\u7684735,000\u78c5\uff08333\u5428\uff09\u589e\u52a0\u5230833,000\u78c5\uff08378\u5428\uff09\uff0c\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u822a\u7a0b\u4ece4,620\u6d77\u91cc\uff088,560\u516c\u91cc\u62165,320\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u589e\u52a0\u52306,560\u6d77\u91cc\uff0812,150\u516c\u91cc\u62167,550\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9002\u5e94\u66f4\u957f\u822a\u7a0b\u7684\u6ce2\u97f3747SP\uff0c1976\u5e74\u5bf9\u98de\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7f29\u77ed\uff0c1983\u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u6ce2\u97f3747-300\u578b\uff0c\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\u52a0\u957f\uff0c\u53ef\u5bb9\u7eb3\u4e09\u4e2a\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u6700\u591a400\u4e2a\u5ea7\u4f4d\u30021989\u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\u7684\u6ce2\u97f3747-400\u578b\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u6539\u8fdb\u7684RB211\u548cCF6\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u6216\u65b0\u7684PW4000\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\uff08JT9D\u7684\u7ee7\u4efb\u8005\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53cc\u4eba\u73bb\u7483\u9a7e\u9a76\u8231\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u53d8\u4f53\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21\u7814\u7a76\uff0c2005\u5e7411\u670814\u65e5\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u5ef6\u957f\u578b\u7684\u6ce2\u97f3747-8\uff0c\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u901a\u7528\u7535\u6c14GEnx\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e2011\u5e7410\u6708\u9996\u6b21\u4ea4\u4ed8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The 747 is the basis for several government and military variants, such as the VC-25<\/a> (Air Force One<\/a>), E-4<\/a> Emergency Airborne Command Post, Shuttle Carrier Aircraft<\/a>, and some experimental testbeds such as the YAL-1<\/a> and SOFIA<\/a> airborne observatory.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6ce2\u97f3747\u8fd8\u662f\u51e0\u79cd\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u519b\u7528\u53d8\u4f53\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982VC-25\uff08\u7a7a\u519b\u4e00\u53f7\uff09\u3001E-4\u7d27\u6025\u7a7a\u4e2d\u6307\u6325\u6240\u3001\u822a\u5929\u98de\u673a\u8fd0\u8f93\u673a\u7b49\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53f0\uff0c\u5982YAL-1\u548cSOFIA\u822a\u7a7a\u89c2\u6d4b\u7ad9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

80\u5e74\u4ee3<\/a>\u968f\u7740\u8d85\u97f3\u901f\u5ba2\u673a<\/a>\u7684\u95ee\u4e16\u53ca\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u4e1a\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u4f30\u8ba1\u6ce2\u97f3747\u5c06\u4f1a\u6162\u6162\u9000\u5f79[9]<\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u76f4\u52301993\u5e74\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3747\u7d2f\u8ba1\u8d85\u8fc71,000\u67b6\u7684\u8ba2\u5355\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u843d\u7a7a[10]<\/a>\u3002\u505c\u4ea7\u524d\uff0c1,574\u67b6\u6ce2\u97f3747\u5df2\u88ab\u751f\u4ea7\u3002[2]<\/a>\u3002\u6ce2\u97f3747\u66f4\u63a8\u51fa\u6700\u65b0\u578b\u53f7747-8<\/a>\uff0c\u5df2\u57282011\u5e74\u6b63\u5f0f\u6295\u5165\u670d\u52a1[11]<\/a>\u3002\u867d\u7136747\u7684\u8f7d\u5ba2\u91cf\u81f32010\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e3a\u6b62\u975e\u5e38\u5174\u76db\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u53cc\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u4e2d\u5bbd\u4f53\u5ba2\u673a\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u56db\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u71c3\u6cb9\u6548\u76ca\u4ecd\u7136\u8fc7\u4f4e\uff0c2017\u5e746\u6708\u6ce2\u97f3\u5c31\u5ba3\u5e03\u5373\u5c06\u505c\u4ea7\u5ba2\u8fd0\u7528\u7684747-8<\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7ee7\u7eed\u751f\u4ea7\u8d27\u8fd0\u7528\u7684747-8F<\/a>\u53ca\u7279\u6b8a\u578b\u53f7\uff08\u5982\u7a7a\u519b\u4e00\u53f7<\/a>\u3001\u6ce2\u97f3\u5546\u52a1\u5ba2\u673a<\/a>\uff09\u3002[12]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7531\u4e8e2019\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u75c5\u75ab\u60c5<\/a>\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u822a\u7a7a\u8fd0\u8f93\u9700\u6c42\u9510\u51cf\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u4e8e2020\u5e747\u6708\u5ba3\u5e03\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e8e2022\u5e74\u505c\u4ea7\u6240\u6709747\u7cfb\u5217\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e2023\u5e741\u670831\u65e5\u4ea4\u4ed8\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u67b6747-8F\u81f3\u4e9a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u822a\u7a7a<\/a>\u540e\u6b63\u5f0f\u505c\u4ea7\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5176\u957f\u8fbe54\u5e74\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5386\u53f2[13]<\/a>[14]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Initial competition came from the smaller trijet<\/a> widebodies: the Lockheed L-1011<\/a> (introduced in 1972), McDonnell Douglas DC-10<\/a> (1971) and later MD-11<\/a> (1990). Airbus<\/a> competed with later variants with the heaviest versions of the A340<\/a> until surpassing the 747 in size with the A380<\/a>, delivered between 2007 and 2021. Freighter variants of the 747 remain popular with cargo airlines. The final 747 was delivered to Atlas Air<\/a> in January 2023 after a 54-year production run, with 1,574 aircraft built. As of January 2023, 64 Boeing 747s (4.1%) have been lost<\/a> in accidents and incidents<\/a>, in which a total of 3,746 people have died.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6700\u521d\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u6765\u81ea\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u4e09\u55b7\u6c14\u5f0f\u5bbd\u4f53\u98de\u673a\uff1a\u6d1b\u514b\u5e0c\u5fb7L-1011\uff081972\u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\uff09\u3001\u9ea6\u9053DC-10\uff081971\u5e74\uff09\u548c\u540e\u6765\u7684MD-11\uff081990\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u7a7a\u5ba2\u516c\u53f8\u4e0eA340\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u7248\u672c\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u76f4\u5230A380\u5728\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e0a\u8d85\u8d8a747\uff082007\u5e74\u81f32021\u5e74\u4ea4\u4ed8\uff09\u3002\u8d27\u8fd0\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u4ecd\u7136\u559c\u6b22\u4f7f\u7528747\u8d27\u673a\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u67b6747\u4e8e2023\u5e741\u6708\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9Atlas Air\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc754\u5e74\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u7ebf\uff0c\u5171\u751f\u4ea7\u4e861,574\u67b6\u98de\u673a\u3002\u622a\u81f32023\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u5171\u670964\u67b6\u6ce2\u97f3747\uff08\u53604.1\uff05\uff09\u5728\u4e8b\u6545\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u603b\u5171\u9020\u62103,746\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b \uff5c Development<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1.1 \u80cc\u666f \uff5c Background<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"\/
\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY- SA 2.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\n

\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aAirBridgeCargo Airlines Boeing 747-200F nose loading door open and cargo loader at Sheremetyevo International Airport
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1aSheremetyevo\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u573a\u7684AirBridgeCargo\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u6ce2\u97f3747- 200F\u578b\u98de\u673a\u7684\u673a\u5934\u88c5\u5378\u95e8\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u8d27\u8fd0\u88c5\u8f7d\u673a<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aAleksandr Markin-\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee\u539f\u56fe\u94fe\u63a5<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u57281963\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7a7a\u519b<\/a>\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u79cd\u5bbd\u4f53\u6218\u7565\u8fd0\u8f93\u673a\u800c\u5c55\u5f00\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u867d\u7136\u7f8e\u56fd<\/a>\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u8d2d\u5165C-141\u201c\u8fd0\u8f93\u661f\u201d<\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u5c40\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6b3e\u4f53\u79ef\u66f4\u5927\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u8fd0\u8f93\u673a\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u643a\u5e26\u5f53\u65f6\u6240\u6709\u8fd0\u8f93\u673a\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7684\u7279\u5bbd\u4f53\u8d27\u7269\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u7ec8\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u201cCX-X\u201d\uff08Cargo, Experimental, no number\uff0c\u8d27\u8fd0\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u7f16\u53f7\uff09\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u8f7d\u91cd\u91cf\u8fbe180,000\u78c5\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u8fbe0.75\u9a6c\u8d6b\uff08500\u82f1\u91cc\u6216805\u5343\u7c73\uff09\uff0c\u8f7d\u91cd115,000\u78c5\u7684\u822a\u7a0b<\/a>\u8fbe5,000\u6d77\u91cc\uff089,260\u5343\u7c73\uff09\uff0c\u8f7d\u8d27\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e3a\u5bbd17\u82f1\u5c3a\uff085.18\u7c73\uff09\u3001\u9ad813.5\u82f1\u5c3a\uff084.11\u7c73\uff09\u548c\u957f100\u82f1\u5c3a\uff0830.5\u7c73\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CX-X\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u516d\u53f0\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u63d0\u4f9b\u63a8\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u662fCX-X\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76f8\u6bd4C-141\uff0c\u672a\u663e\u5f97\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5927\u8fdb\u6b65\u800c\u503c\u5f97\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u91cd\u578b\u540e\u52e4\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\uff08Heavy Logistics System, CX-HLS\uff09\u7684\u98de\u673a\u8ba1\u5212\u57281964\u5e744\u670827\u65e5\u8bde\u751f\u3002CX-HLS\u7531\u56db\u53f0\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u63d0\u4f9b\u63a8\u529b\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u63a8\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u71c3\u6cb9\u6548\u7387\u30021964\u5e745\u670818\u65e5\uff0c\u673a\u8eab\u63d0\u6848\u5230\u8fbe\u4e86\u6ce2\u97f3\u3001\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u3001\u6d1b\u514b\u5e0c\u5fb7\u3001\u901a\u7528\u52a8\u529b<\/a>\u548c\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u739b\u4e3d\u57c3\u5854\u516c\u53f8<\/a>\u624b\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7b5b\u9009\u540e\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u3001\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af<\/a>\u548c\u6d1b\u514b\u5e0c\u5fb7\u7ed9\u4e88\u5173\u4e8e\u673a\u8eab\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7531\u666e\u60e0<\/a>\u6216\u901a\u7528\u7535\u6c14\u822a\u7a7a<\/a>\u516c\u53f8\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002[15]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e09\u95f4\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u63d0\u6848\u5404\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5171\u901a\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e747\u5916\u578b\u6709\u70b9\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002CX-HLS\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u643a\u5e26\u91cd\u578b\u8d27\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9a7e\u9a76\u8231\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5f53\u98de\u673a\u5760\u6bc1\u65f6\uff0c\u8d27\u7269\u4f1a\u5411\u524d\u63a8\u800c\u538b\u4f24\u98de\u884c\u5458\u3002\u4e09\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u90fd\u56e0\u8fd9\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u516c\u53f8\u4fbf\u5728\u673a\u7ffc\u524d\u4e0a\u65b9\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u540a\u8231\uff1b\u6d1b\u514b\u5e0c\u5fb7\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u628a\u9a7e\u9a76\u8231\u653e\u5728\u4e0a\u5c42\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u9ad8\u5355\u7ffc\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u56db\u53f0\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u540a\u6302\u5728\u4e3b\u7ffc\u4e0b\uff1b\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4fbf\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u540a\u8231\u3002[16]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1965\u5e74\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u5e0c\u5fb7\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u901a\u7528\u7535\u6c14\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u6210\u529f\u5730\u593a\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u7a7a\u519b\u7684\u8ba2\u5355\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u7684C-5\u201c\u94f6\u6cb3\u201d\u8fd0\u8f93\u673a<\/a>\u3002[17]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2 \u5ba2\u673a\u65b9\u6848 \uff5c Airliner proposal<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 747 was conceived while air travel was increasing in the 1960s.[5]<\/a> The era of commercial jet transportation, led by the enormous popularity of the Boeing 707<\/a> and Douglas DC-8<\/a>, had revolutionized long-distance travel.[5]<\/a>[6]<\/a> In this growing jet age, Juan Trippe<\/a>, president of Pan Am<\/a>, one of Boeing’s most important airline customers, asked for a new jet airliner 2+1\u20442 times size of the 707, with a 30% lower cost per unit of passenger-distance and the capability to offer mass air travel on international routes.[7]<\/a> Trippe also thought that airport congestion could be addressed by a larger new aircraft.[8]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u822a\u7a7a\u65c5\u884c\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3747\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5546\u4e1a\u55b7\u6c14\u5f0f\u98de\u673a\u4ea4\u901a\u65f6\u4ee3\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3707\u548c\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65afDC-8\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u4e3a\u957f\u9014\u65c5\u884c\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u55b7\u6c14\u5f0f\u98de\u673a\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6cdb\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\uff08Pan Am\uff09\u603b\u88c1\u80e1\u5b89\u00b7\u7279\u91cc\u666e\uff08Juan Trippe\uff09\u5411\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u55b7\u6c14\u5f0f\u5ba2\u673a\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u662f\u6ce2\u97f3707\u76842.5\u500d\uff0c\u6bcf\u5355\u4f4d\u4e58\u5ba2\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u6210\u672c\u964d\u4f4e30%\uff0c\u5e76\u5177\u5907\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u822a\u7ebf\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7a7a\u4e2d\u65c5\u884c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7279\u91cc\u666e\u8fd8\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5927\u578b\u65b0\u98de\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u673a\u573a\u62e5\u5835\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaGFDL 1.2\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\n

\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aThe cockpit of Iran Air Boeing 747-200 as seen on approach to Tehran’s Mehrabad Airport at night.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4f0a\u6717\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u6ce2\u97f3747-200\u7684\u9a7e\u9a76\u8231\u5728\u591c\u95f4\u964d\u843d\u5fb7\u9ed1\u5170\u6885\u8d6b\u62c9\u5df4\u5fb7\u673a\u573a\u65f6\u7684\u666f\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aShahram Sharifi-\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee\u539f\u56fe\u94fe\u63a5<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

In 1965, Joe Sutter<\/a> was transferred from Boeing’s 737<\/a> development team to manage the design studies for the new airliner, already assigned the model number 747.[9]<\/a> Sutter began a design study with Pan Am and other airlines to better understand their requirements. At the time, many thought that long-range subsonic airliners would eventually be superseded by supersonic transport<\/a> aircraft.[10]<\/a> Boeing responded by designing the 747 so it could be adapted easily to carry freight and remain in production even if sales of the passenger version declined.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a1965\u5e74\uff0c\u4e54\u00b7\u8428\u7279\uff08Joe Sutter\uff09\u4ece\u6ce2\u97f3737\u5f00\u53d1\u56e2\u961f\u8c03\u4efb\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u65b0\u5ba2\u673a\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8be5\u5ba2\u673a\u5df2\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u4e86747\u7684\u578b\u53f7\u3002[9] \u8428\u7279\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0e\u6cdb\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u957f\u7a0b\u4e9a\u97f3\u901f\u5ba2\u673a\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u88ab\u8d85\u97f3\u901f\u8fd0\u8f93\u673a\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002[10] \u6ce2\u97f3\u5bf9\u6b64\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1747\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u6539\u88c5\u4ee5\u8fd0\u8f7d\u8d27\u7269\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e58\u5ba2\u7248\u672c\u9500\u552e\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u751f\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1965\u5e74\uff0c\u4e54\u00b7\u8428\u7279<\/a>\uff08Joe Sutter\uff09\u7531\u6ce2\u97f3737<\/a>\u5f00\u53d1\u5c0f\u7ec4\u8c03\u81f3\u7ba1\u7406\u6ce2\u97f3747\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8ba1\u5212[20]<\/a>\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u6cdb\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u7b49\u516c\u53f8\u63a5\u6d3d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u65b0\u98de\u673a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u4e1a\u754c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3747\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u88ab\u8d85\u97f3\u901f\u5ba2\u673a\u53d6\u4ee3[21]<\/a>\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u4fbf\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f747\u4e0d\u53d7\u65c5\u5ba2\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8fd0\u8f7d\u8d27\u7269\u3002\u6ce2\u97f3747\u7684\u8d27\u8fd0\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u5730\u663e\u793a\u5b83\u80fd\u652f\u63f4\u4e00\u822c\u8239\u53ea\u6240\u7528\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8d27\u67dc<\/a>\uff08TEU<\/a>\uff09\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a\u524d\u65b98×8\u5c3a\u3001\u957f20\u621640\u5c3a\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u652f\u63f42x2x2\u62162x2x3\u8d27\u67dc\uff0c\u6b64\u8d27\u67dc\u6b3e\u5f0f\u4e0eCX-HLS\u8ba1\u5212\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1966\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u6cdb\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u8ba2\u8d2d\u4e8625\u67b6\u6ce2\u97f3747-100\uff0c\u603b\u5171\u4ef7\u503c5\u4ebf2500\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u7b7e\u7f72\u4eea\u5f0f\u5728\u897f\u96c5\u56fe<\/a>\u4e3e\u884c\uff0c\u521a\u597d\u6b63\u662f\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u6210\u7acb50\u5468\u5e74\uff0c\u6cdb\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u603b\u88c1\u80e1\u5b89\u00b7\u7279\u91cc\u666e\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u76f8\u6bd4\u8d77\u6d32\u9645\u5f39\u9053\u5bfc\u5f39<\/a>\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3747\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u6b66\u5668\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u8bdd\u662f\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u65f6\u6ce2\u97f3747\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u9ad8\u5c42\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u59c6\u00b7\u65af\u5854\u59c6\u5e15<\/a>\uff08Malcolm T. Stamper\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u53d7\u8bbf\u65f6\u6240\u8bf4[22]<\/a>\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6cdb\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u662f\u6ce2\u97f3747\u542f\u52a8\u5ba2\u6237<\/a>\u4e4b\u4e00[1]<\/a>[23]<\/a>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6cdb\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u6539\u53d8747\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u53d1\u5c55[24]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3 \u8bbe\u8ba1\u5de5\u4f5c \uff5c Design effort<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n
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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY 2.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\n

\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u65e9\u671f\u6ce2\u97f3747\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42\u7a7a\u95f4\u591a\u7528\u4f5c\u5934\u7b49\u8231\u4e58\u5ba2\u4f11\u606f\u5ba4<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aClemens Vasters<\/a> from Viersen, Germany-\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee\u539f\u56fe\u94fe\u63a5<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Ultimately, the high-winged CX-HLS Boeing design was not used for the 747, although technologies developed for their bid had an influence.[17]<\/a> The original design included a full-length double-deck fuselage with eight-across seating and two aisles on the lower deck and seven-across seating and two aisles on the upper deck.[18]<\/a>[19]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u5e76\u672a\u91c7\u7528\u9ad8\u7ffc\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684CX-HLS\u4f5c\u4e3a747\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u7ade\u6807\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\u3002[17]\u6700\u521d\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u957f\u53cc\u5c42\u673a\u8eab\uff0c\u4e0b\u5c42\u6709\u516b\u6392\u5ea7\u4f4d\u548c\u4e24\u6761\u8d70\u9053\uff0c\u4e0a\u5c42\u6709\u4e03\u6392\u5ea7\u4f4d\u548c\u4e24\u6761\u8d70\u9053\u3002[18][19]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, concern over evacuation routes and limited cargo-carrying capability caused this idea to be scrapped in early 1966 in favor of a wider single deck design.[14]<\/a> The cockpit was therefore placed on a shortened upper deck so that a freight-loading door could be included in the nose cone; this design feature produced the 747’s distinctive “hump”.[20]<\/a> In early models, what to do with the small space in the pod behind the cockpit was not clear, and this was initially specified as a “lounge” area with no permanent seating.[21]<\/a> (A different configuration that had been considered to keep the flight deck out of the way for freight loading had the pilots below the passengers, and was dubbed the “anteater”.)[22]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u758f\u6563\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u548c\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8d27\u8fd0\u80fd\u529b\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u57281966\u5e74\u521d\u88ab\u5e9f\u5f03\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u91c7\u7528\u66f4\u5bbd\u7684\u5355\u5c42\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002[14]\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9a7e\u9a76\u8231\u88ab\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u7f29\u77ed\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u673a\u5934\u9525\u4f53\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d27\u7269\u88c5\u8f7d\u95e8\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7279\u5f81\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86747\u72ec\u7279\u7684”\u9a7c\u5cf0”\u3002[20]\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u9a7e\u9a76\u8231\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5c0f\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e76\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u5ea7\u4f4d\u7684”\u4f11\u606f\u5ba4”\u533a\u57df\u3002[21](\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8003\u8651\u5c06\u98de\u884c\u7532\u677f\u79fb\u5f00\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8d27\u7269\u88c5\u8f7d\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8ba9\u98de\u884c\u5458\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e58\u5ba2\u4e0b\u65b9\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a”\u98df\u8681\u517d”\u3002)[22]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u800c\u5728747\u4e4b\u524d\u91c7\u7528\u4e0a\u5c42\u9a7e\u9a76\u8231\u9686\u8d77\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u98de\u673a\u8fd8\u670920\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u7684ATL-98\u8fd0\u8f93\u673a<\/a>\u53caAW660\u5927\u5546\u8239\u8fd0\u8f93\u673a<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY- SA 3.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aA Pratt & Whitney JT9D<\/a>turbofan<\/a> on the wing of the Boeing 747<\/a> prototype.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6ce2\u97f3747\u539f\u578b\u673a\u7ffc\u4e0a\u7684\u666e\u60e0JT9D\u6da1\u8f6e\u98ce\u6247\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aMgw89<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce2\u97f3747\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u9ad8\u6db5\u9053\u6bd4\u6da1\u8f6e\u98ce\u6247\u53d1\u52a8\u673a<\/a>[28]<\/a>\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u8017\u6cb9\u91cf\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u63a8\u529b\u4ea6\u8f83\u5927\u3002\u901a\u7528\u7535\u6c14\u516c\u53f8\u867d\u7136\u662f\u9ad8\u6db5\u9053\u6bd4\u6da1\u6247\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u8005\uff0c\u5374\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8eC-5\u94f6\u6cb3\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u6ce2\u97f3747\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u5f00\u53d1[29]<\/a>[30]<\/a>\uff0c\u800c\u666e\u60e0\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u4e00\u6837\u8981\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8eC-5\u94f6\u6cb3\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u57281966\u5e74\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u8f6c\u673a\uff0c\u666e\u60e0\u516c\u53f8\u4e0e\u6cdb\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u540c\u610f\u7814\u53d1\u4e00\u6b3e\u65b0\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3aJT9D<\/a>\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6ce2\u97f3747\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a[30]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The project was designed with a new methodology called fault tree analysis<\/a>, which allowed the effects of a failure of a single part to be studied to determine its impact on other systems.[14]<\/a> To address concerns about safety and flyability, the 747’s design included structural redundancy, redundant hydraulic<\/a>systems, quadruple main landing gear and dual control surfaces.[26]<\/a> Additionally, some of the most advanced high-lift devices<\/a> used in the industry were included in the new design, to allow it to operate from existing airports. These included Krueger flaps<\/a> running almost the entire length of the wing’s leading edge, as well as complex three-part slotted flaps<\/a> along the trailing edge of the wing.[27]<\/a>[28]<\/a> The wing’s complex three-part flaps increase wing area by 21% and lift by 90% when fully deployed compared to their non-deployed configuration.[29]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u540d\u4e3a\u6545\u969c\u6811\u5206\u6790\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u7814\u7a76\u5355\u4e2a\u90e8\u4ef6\u5931\u6548\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u5176\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002[14]\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u98de\u884c\u6027\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c747\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5305\u62ec\u7ed3\u6784\u5197\u4f59\u3001\u5197\u4f59\u6db2\u538b\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u56db\u8f6e\u4e3b\u8d77\u843d\u67b6\u548c\u53cc\u63a7\u5236\u9762\u3002[26]\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u4e1a\u754c\u6700\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u9ad8\u5347\u529b\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u73b0\u6709\u673a\u573a\u8d77\u964d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88c5\u7f6e\u5305\u62ec\u51e0\u4e4e\u8986\u76d6\u6574\u4e2a\u673a\u7ffc\u524d\u7f18\u7684\u514b\u9c81\u683c\u895f\u7ffc\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cbf\u673a\u7ffc\u540e\u7f18\u7684\u590d\u6742\u4e09\u6bb5\u5f00\u7f1d\u895f\u7ffc\u3002[27][28]\u4e0e\u975e\u5c55\u5f00\u6784\u578b\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u673a\u7ffc\u7684\u590d\u6742\u4e09\u6bb5\u895f\u7ffc\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u5c55\u5f00\u65f6\u53ef\u5c06\u673a\u7ffc\u9762\u79ef\u589e\u52a021%\uff0c\u5347\u529b\u589e\u52a090%\u3002[29]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Boeing agreed to deliver the first 747 to Pan Am by the end of 1969. The delivery date left 28 months to design the aircraft, which was two-thirds of the normal time.[30]<\/a> The schedule was so fast-paced that the people who worked on it were given the nickname “The Incredibles”.[31]<\/a>Developing the aircraft was such a technical and financial challenge that management was said to have “bet the company” when it started the project.[14]<\/a> Due to its massive size, Boeing subcontracted the assembly of subcomponents to other manufacturers, most notably Northrop<\/a> and Grumman<\/a> (later merged into Northrop Grumman<\/a> in 1994) for fuselage parts and trailing edge flaps respectively, Fairchild<\/a> for tailplane ailerons,[32]<\/a> and Ling-Temco-Vought<\/a> (LTV) for the empennage.[33]<\/a>[34]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u540c\u610f\u57281969\u5e74\u5e95\u524d\u5411\u6cdb\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u4ea4\u4ed8\u9996\u67b6747\u98de\u673a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea4\u4ed8\u65e5\u671f\u7ed9\u98de\u673a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7559\u4e0b\u4e8628\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6b63\u5e38\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\u3002[30]\u7531\u4e8e\u8fdb\u5ea6\u975e\u5e38\u5feb\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4eba\u88ab\u620f\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8d85\u4eba\u201d\u3002[31]\u5f00\u53d1\u8fd9\u6b3e\u98de\u673a\u5728\u6280\u672f\u548c\u8d22\u52a1\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u636e\u8bf4\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u9879\u76ee\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u201c\u62bc\u4e0a\u4e86\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d4c\u6ce8\u201d\u3002[14]\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u5c06\u5b50\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u7ec4\u88c5\u5206\u5305\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u5236\u9020\u5546\uff0c\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u662f\u8bfa\u65af\u7f57\u666e\u548c\u683c\u9c81\u95e8\uff08\u540e\u6765\u4e8e1994\u5e74\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u8bfa\u65af\u7f57\u666e\u00b7\u683c\u9c81\u66fc\uff09\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8d1f\u8d23\u673a\u8eab\u90e8\u4ef6\u548c\u540e\u7f18\u895f\u7ffc\uff0c\u8d39\u5c14\u67f4\u5c14\u5fb7\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c3e\u7ffc\u526f\u7ffc\uff0c[32]\u4ee5\u53caLTV\u516c\u53f8\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c3e\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\u3002[33][34]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce2\u97f3747\u8ba1\u5212\u5bf9\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u8d4c\u6ce8\uff0c\u662f\u91d1\u94b1\u548c\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u8d4c\u6ce8[1]<\/a>\u30021967\u5e74\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u540c\u610f\u4e8e1969\u5e74\u672b\u628a\u9996\u67b6747\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9\u6cdb\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4f46\u6ce2\u97f3\u8ddd\u79bb\u4ea4\u4ed8\u65f6\u95f4\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b28\u4e2a\u6708[32]<\/a>\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5feb\u8fdb\u5ea6\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4eba\u4eec\u7ed9\u6b64\u5de5\u7a0b\u522b\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u201d\uff08The Incredibles\uff09[33]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.4 \u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u5382 \uff5c Production plant<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n
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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY 2.5\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aInterior of Boeing Factory, Seattle
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u897f\u96c5\u56fe\u6ce2\u97f3\u5de5\u5382\u5185\u90e8<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aMeutia Chaerani \/ Indradi Soemardjan – \u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee\u539f\u56fe\u94fe\u63a5<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u751f\u4ea7\u8fd9\u6b3e\u5bbd\u4f53\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5382\u623f\uff0c\u65b0\u5382\u623f\u5730\u70b9\u5c06\u4f1a\u572850\u4e2a\u4faf\u9009\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a[34]<\/a>\u30021966\u5e74\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u4e8e\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5dde<\/a>\u897f\u96c5\u56fe<\/a>\u4ee5\u5317\u7ea630\u82f1\u91cc\u5904\u7684\u827e\u4f5b\u91cc\u7279<\/a>\u4f69\u6069\u673a\u573a<\/a>[35]<\/a>\u4e70\u4e86\u4e00\u5757780\u82f1\u4ea9<\/a>\uff08\u7ea63.156\u5e73\u65b9\u5343\u7c73<\/a>\uff09\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u5382\u623f[36]<\/a>\uff0c\u65b0\u5382\u623f\u662f\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u98de\u673a\u5382\u623f[35]<\/a>\uff0c\u800c\u6574\u5e73\u65b0\u5382\u623f\u7684\u5730\u57fa\u662f\u9700\u8981\u79fb\u52a8\u8d85\u8fc7310\u4e07\u7acb\u65b9\u7c73\u571f\u5730[37]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Developing the 747 had been a major challenge, and building its assembly plant was also a huge undertaking. Boeing president William M. Allen<\/a> asked Malcolm T. Stamper, then head of the company’s turbine division, to oversee construction of the Everett factory<\/a> and to start production of the 747.[38]<\/a> To level the site, more than four million cubic yards (three million cubic meters) of earth had to be moved.[39]<\/a> Time was so short that the 747’s full-scale mock-up<\/a> was built before the factory roof above it was finished.[40]<\/a> The plant is the largest building by volume<\/a> ever built, and has been substantially expanded several times to permit construction of other models of Boeing wide-body commercial jets.[36]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5f00\u53d1747\u98de\u673a\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u5927\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5efa\u9020\u5176\u7ec4\u88c5\u5382\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u603b\u88c1\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7M\u00b7\u827e\u4f26\uff08William M. Allen\uff09\u8981\u6c42\u5f53\u65f6\u8d1f\u8d23\u516c\u53f8\u6da1\u8f6e\u90e8\u95e8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u59c6\u00b7T\u00b7\u65af\u5766\u666e\uff08Malcolm T. Stamper\uff09\u76d1\u7763\u57c3\u5f17\u96f7\u7279\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u751f\u4ea7747\u98de\u673a\u3002[38]\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e73\u6574\u573a\u5730\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u79fb\u52a8\u8d85\u8fc7400\u4e07\u7acb\u65b9\u7801\uff08300\u4e07\u7acb\u65b9\u7c73\uff09\u7684\u571f\u58e4\u3002[39]\u7531\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u7d27\u8feb\uff0c747\u98de\u673a\u7684\u5168\u5c3a\u5bf8\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u5de5\u5382\u5c4b\u9876\u5b8c\u5de5\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u6210\u3002[40]\u8be5\u5de5\u5382\u662f\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u591a\u6b21\u5927\u5e45\u6269\u5efa\uff0c\u4ee5\u5141\u8bb8\u5efa\u9020\u5176\u4ed6\u578b\u53f7\u7684\u6ce2\u97f3\u5bbd\u4f53\u5546\u7528\u55b7\u6c14\u5f0f\u98de\u673a\u3002[36]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.5 \u98de\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5 \uff5c Flight testing<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n
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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aThe Boeing 747, being displayed to the public for the first time
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u9996\u6b21\u5411\u516c\u4f17\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u6ce2\u97f3747\u98de\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aSAS Scandinavian Airlines<\/a>–\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee\u539f\u56fe\u94fe\u63a5<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u9996\u67b6\u6ce2\u97f3747\u5b8c\u6210\u88c5\u914d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u9003\u751f\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c560\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u5728\u9650\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5168\u90e8\u4ece\u6a21\u62df\u673a\u8231\u64a4\u79bb\u3002\u9996\u6b21\u9003\u751f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4e862\u5206\u534a\u949f\uff0c\u6bd4\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u822a\u7a7a\u5c40<\/a>\u8981\u6c42\u768490\u79d2\u6162\u8bb8\u591a\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u66f4\u53d7\u4e86\u4f24\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u867d\u7136\u8fbe\u5230\u8054\u90a6\u822a\u7a7a\u5c40\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u62db\u6765\u7684\u662f\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u53d7\u4f24\uff0c\u4f24\u8005\u5927\u591a\u662f\u4ece\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\u9003\u751f\u7684[40]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f53747\u4ecd\u5728\u5efa\u9020\u65f6\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u9879\u7279\u522b\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u8ba1\u5212\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u97e6\u5fb7\u5c14\u7684\u9a6c\u8f66\u201d\uff08Waddell’s Wagon\uff0c\u4e00\u540d747\u6d4b\u8bd5\u98de\u884c\u5458\u6770\u514b\u00b7\u97e6\u5fb7\u5c14\u4e3a\u5b83\u547d\u540d\uff09\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u9a7e\u9a76\u8231<\/a>\uff0c\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u5141\u8bb8\u98de\u884c\u5458\u6a21\u62df\u5728\u9a7e\u9a76\u8231\u7ec3\u4e60\u6ed1\u884c\u6b64\u5bbd\u4f53\u98de\u673a[41]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1968, the program cost was US$1 billion[43]<\/a> (equivalent to $6 billion in 2021 dollars). On September 30, 1968, the first 747 was rolled out of the Everett assembly building before the world’s press and representatives of the 26 airlines that had ordered the airliner.[44]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a1968\u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6210\u672c\u4e3a10\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff08\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e2021\u5e74\u768460\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\u30021968\u5e749\u670830\u65e5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u67b6747\u5728\u57c3\u5f17\u91cc\u7279\u7ec4\u88c5\u5382\u524d\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u5df2\u8ba2\u8d2d\u8be5\u5ba2\u673a\u768426\u5bb6\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u3002[44]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u6570\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u8981\u51c6\u5907747\u7684\u98de\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u6ce2\u97f3747\u4e8e1969\u5e742\u67089\u65e5\u9996\u98de\uff0c\u7531\u6770\u514b\u00b7\u97e6\u5fb7\u5c14\uff08Jack Waddell\uff09\u548c\u5e03\u91cc\u6069\u00b7\u5a01\u683c\uff08Brien Wygle\uff09\u64cd\u4f5c[43]<\/a>[44]<\/a>\uff0c\u6770\u65af\u00b7\u6c83\u5229\u514b\uff08Jess Wallick\uff09\u62c5\u4efb\u98de\u884c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08<\/a>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u895f\u7ffc<\/a>\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6574\u4e2a\u98de\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5341\u5206\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u201c\u8377\u5170\u6eda<\/a>\u201d\u60c5\u51b5[45]<\/a>[\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u91ca<\/a>]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.6 \u95ee\u9898\u3001\u63a8\u8fdf\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc1 \uff5c Issues, delays and certification<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n
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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1aThe 747’s 16-wheel main landing gear<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a747\u768416\u8f6e\u4e3b\u8d77\u843d\u67b6
\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aWing and fuselage undercarriages on aSingapore Airlines<\/a>Boeing 747-400<\/a>landing atLondon Heathrow Airport<\/a>, England. The last three letters of the registration (9V-SMT) can just be seen on the fuselage in the lower left.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e00\u67b6\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6ce2\u97f3747-400\u964d\u843d\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u5e0c\u601d\u7f57\u673a\u573a\uff0c\u673a\u7ffc\u548c\u673a\u8eab\u5e95\u90e8\u7684\u8d77\u843d\u67b6\u6e05\u6670\u53ef\u89c1\u3002\u5728\u673a\u8eab\u5de6\u4e0b\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6ce8\u518c\u7f16\u53f7\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\uff089V-SMT\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aArpingstone-Photographed by Adrian Pingstone in August 2002 and released to the public domain.<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

During later stages of the flight test program, flutter<\/a> testing showed that the wings suffered oscillation under certain conditions. This difficulty was partly solved by reducing the stiffness of some wing components. However, a particularly severe high-speed flutter problem was solved only by inserting depleted uranium<\/a> counterweights as ballast in the outboard engine nacelles<\/a> of the early 747s.[48]<\/a> This measure caused anxiety when these aircraft crashed, for example El Al Flight 1862<\/a> at Amsterdam in 1992 with 622 pounds (282 kg) of uranium in the tailplane<\/a> (horizontal stabilizer).[49]<\/a>[50]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5728\u98de\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u540e\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u98a4\u632f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u673a\u7ffc\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u632f\u8361\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u90e8\u5206\u901a\u8fc7\u964d\u4f4e\u67d0\u4e9b\u673a\u7ffc\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u521a\u5ea6\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u98a4\u632f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u65e9\u671f747\u7684\u5916\u4fa7\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u8231\u5185\u63d2\u5165\u8d2b\u5316\u94c0\u914d\u91cd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u538b\u8231\u7269\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002[48]\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u98de\u673a\u5760\u6bc1\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u63aa\u65bd\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u7126\u8651\uff0c\u4f8b\u59821992\u5e74\u5728\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u53d1\u751f\u7684El Al 1862\u822a\u73ed\uff0c\u5c3e\u7ffc\uff08\u6c34\u5e73\u7a33\u5b9a\u5668\uff09\u4e2d\u6709622\u78c5\uff08282\u516c\u65a4\uff09\u7684\u94c0\u3002[49][50]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

747\u7684\u98de\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/a>\u8ba1\u5212\u56e0\u4e3aJT9D\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u53d7\u963b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u5305\u62ec\u56e0\u6cb9\u95e8\u9ad8\u901f\u79fb\u52a8\u800c\u5f15\u81f4\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7184\u706b\u548c\u6da1\u8f6e\u673a\u58f3\u5728\u77ed\u671f\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\u5373\u51fa\u73b0\u53d8\u5f62\u3002[49]<\/a>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4ee4\u6ce2\u97f3747\u7684\u4ea4\u4ed8\u5ef6\u671f\u6570\u6708\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f30\u591a\u67b6\u7b49\u5f85\u5b89\u88c5\u65b0\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u5ba2\u673a\u5728\u5382\u623f\u505c\u6ede\u3002\u540e\u6765\u4e94\u67b6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u98de\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u67b6\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u964d\u843d\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4f26\u987f<\/a>\u7684\u5382\u623f\u2500\u2500\u4f26\u987f\u5e02\u673a\u573a<\/a>\u2500\u2500\u65f6\u4e25\u91cd\u53d7\u635f\uff0c747\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8ba1\u5212\u56e0\u6b64\u518d\u5ea6\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff1b\u5f53\u65f6\u98de\u673a\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u88c5\u5907\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\u5e76\u6539\u88c5\u4e3a\u5ba2\u8231\uff0c\u964d\u843d\u65f6\u5728\u77ed\u8dd1\u9053\u5916\u63d0\u524d\u63a5\u5730\uff0c\u8d77\u843d\u67b6\u98de\u8131\u3002[50]<\/a>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u672a\u80fd\u963b\u6b62\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u7684747\u98de\u673a\u53bb\u53c2\u52a01969\u5e74\u7684\u5df4\u9ece\u822a\u7a7a\u5c55<\/a>\uff0c\u8be5\u822a\u7a7a\u5c55\u4ee4\u6ce2\u97f3747\u9996\u6b21\u516c\u5f00\u4eae\u76f8[51]<\/a>\u30021969\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3747\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u822a\u7a7a\u5c40\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5b83\u80fd\u6b63\u5f0f\u6295\u5165\u670d\u52a1[52]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The huge cost of developing the 747 and building the Everett factory meant that Boeing had to borrow heavily from a banking syndicate. During the final months before delivery of the first aircraft, the company had to repeatedly request additional funding to complete the project. Had this been refused, Boeing’s survival would have been threatened.[15]<\/a>[57]<\/a> The firm’s debt exceeded $2 billion, with the $1.2 billion owed to the banks setting a record for all companies. Allen later said, “It was really too large a project for us.”[58]<\/a> Ultimately, the gamble succeeded, and Boeing held a monopoly in very large passenger aircraft production for many years.[59]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5f00\u53d1747\u548c\u5efa\u9020\u57c3\u5f17\u96f7\u7279\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6210\u672c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5927\u91cf\u5411\u94f6\u884c\u8d22\u56e2\u501f\u6b3e\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4ed8\u9996\u67b6\u98de\u673a\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u591a\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u989d\u5916\u8d44\u91d1\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u5c06\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u80c1\u3002[15][57] \u516c\u53f8\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u8d85\u8fc720\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6b20\u94f6\u884c\u768412\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u521b\u4e0b\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u827e\u4f26\u540e\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u592a\u5927\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u201d[58] \u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u8d4c\u535a\u6210\u529f\u4e86\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u5927\u578b\u5ba2\u673a\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u9762\u5784\u65ad\u4e86\u591a\u5e74\u3002[59]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.7 \u6295\u5165\u670d\u52a1 \uff5c Entry into service<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n
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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aFirst Lady Pat Nixon christens the first Boeing 747, Clipper Young America, Reg# N736PA, at Dulles Airport, January 1970. This aircraft would later be destroyed in the Tenerife Airport disaster. WHPO 2749-18
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u592b\u4eba\u5e15\u7279\u00b7\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u4e8e1970\u5e741\u6708\u5728\u675c\u52d2\u65af\u673a\u573a\u4e3a\u9996\u67b6\u6ce2\u97f3747\u5ba2\u673a\u201c\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u7f8e\u6d32\u53f7\u201d\uff08Clipper Young America\uff0c\u6ce8\u518c\u53f7N736PA\uff09\u4e3b\u6301\u547d\u540d\u4eea\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u67b6\u98de\u673a\u540e\u6765\u5728\u7279\u5185\u91cc\u8d39\u673a\u573a\u707e\u96be\u4e2d\u88ab\u6467\u6bc1\u3002WHPO 2749-18<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aWhite House Photo Office-US government, Executive Office of the PresidenT<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u57281970\u5e741\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u592b\u4eba\u5e15\u7279\u00b7\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\uff08Pat Nixon\uff09\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u675c\u52d2\u65af\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u573a<\/a>\uff08Dulles International Airport\uff09\u4e3b\u6301\u6cdb\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u9996\u67b6747\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u8be5\u98de\u673a\u5728\u4e00\u661f\u671f\u540e\u6295\u5165\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ebd\u7ea6<\/a>–\u4f26\u6566<\/a>\u822a\u7ebf[55]<\/a>\u3002\u8be5\u6b21\u98de\u884c\u539f\u5b9a\u662f\u57281\u670821\u65e5\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u8d1f\u8d23\u8be5\u8d9f\u98de\u884c\u7684747\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u8fc7\u70ed\u4e0d\u80fd\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8db3\u8db3\u803d\u8bef\u4e86\u516d\u5c0f\u65f6\u624d\u7531\u53e6\u4e00\u67b6747\u8d1f\u8d23\u98de\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u539f\u672c\u6545\u969c\u7684747\u5219\u56de\u5382\u68c0\u4fee[56]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

747\u6295\u5165\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5341\u5206\u987a\u5229\uff0c\u4e8b\u5faa\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u89c4\u6a21\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u673a\u573a\u4e5f\u4e00\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u7eb3747[57]<\/a>\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86[58]<\/a>\u3002\u81ea\u6cdb\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u7684747\u6295\u5165\u670d\u52a1\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u8ba2\u8d2d\u4e86747\u7684\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u4e89\u76f8\u6295\u5165\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u529b[59]<\/a>[60]<\/a>\u3002\u6ce2\u97f3\u4f30\u8ba1\u903e\u534a\u8ba2\u8d2d747\u65e9\u671f\u578b\u53f7\u7684\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u7528\u4f5c\u9996\u5e2d\u6267\u884c\u5b98\u9014\u822a\u7ebf\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u9ad8\u8f7d\u5ba2\u91cf\u7684\u822a\u7ebf[61]<\/a>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6ce2\u97f3747\u7684\u4eba\u5747\u8fd0\u8425\u6210\u672c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u9ad8\u8f7d\u5ba2\u7387\u624d\u6709\u5229\u53ef\u56fe\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4e00\u67b670%\u8f7d\u5ba2\u7387\u7684747\u7684\u71c3\u6cb9\u8017\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u67b6\u5168\u6ee1747\u768495%[62]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY- SA 3.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u6ce2\u97f3747-100\u548c-200\u578b\u7684\u697c\u68af\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u87ba\u65cb\u578b\u8bbe\u8ba1
\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aAkradecki<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Nonetheless, many flag-carriers purchased the 747 due to its prestige “even if it made no sense economically” to operate. During the 1970s and 1980s, over 30 regularly scheduled 747s could often be seen at John F. Kennedy International Airport<\/a>.[69]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u4ecd\u7136\u8d2d\u4e70747,\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u58f0\u671b\u201c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u8bb2\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u8425\u3002\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c1980\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8d85\u8fc730\u67b6\u5b9a\u671f\u7684747\u98de\u673a\u505c\u5728\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u573a\u3002[69]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The recession of 1969\u20131970<\/a>, despite having been characterized as relatively mild, greatly affected Boeing. For the year and a half after September 1970, it only sold two 747s in the world, both to Irish flag carrier Aer Lingus<\/a>.[70]<\/a>[71]<\/a> No 747s were sold to any American carrier for almost three years.[58]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a1969\u5e74\u81f31970\u5e74\u7684\u8870\u9000\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u76f8\u5bf9\u6e29\u548c\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u57281970\u5e749\u6708\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\u534a\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u4ec5\u5728\u5168\u7403\u552e\u51fa\u4e86\u4e24\u67b6747\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u67b6\u98de\u673a\u90fd\u5356\u7ed9\u4e86\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u7684\u65d7\u8230\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u822a\u7a7a\u3002[70][71]\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u8fd1\u4e09\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u6ca1\u6709\u5411\u4efb\u4f55\u7f8e\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u51fa\u552e\u8fc7747\u98de\u673a\u3002[58]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1973\u5e74\uff0c\u77f3\u6cb9\u5371\u673a<\/a>\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8fd0\u8425\u6210\u672c\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u53d1\u73b0747\u7684\u8fd0\u8425\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u5229\u53ef\u56fe\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4fbf\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u671f\u7684DC-10<\/a>\u3001L-1011<\/a>\u6216\u8f83\u540e\u671f\u7684\u6ce2\u97f3767<\/a>\u548cA300<\/a>\u4ee3\u66ff747[63]<\/a>\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u867d\u7136\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528747\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u62c6\u53bb\u4e00\u4e9b\u5ea7\u4f4d\uff0c\u6539\u88c5\u6210\u4e3a\u9152\u5427\u7b49\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a<\/a>\u57281983\u5e74\u628a747\u6539\u88c5\u6210\u4e3a\u8d27\u673a\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684747\u4e0e\u6cdb\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u7684DC-10\u4ea4\u6362[64]<\/a>\uff0c\u800c\u8fbe\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a<\/a>\u4ea6\u5728\u6570\u5e74\u540e\u628a747\u9664\u5f79[65]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Later, Delta acquired 747s again in 2008 as part of its merger with Northwest Airlines<\/a>, although it retired the Boeing 747-400<\/a>fleet in December 2017.[75]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u8fbe\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u57282008\u5e74\u6536\u8d2d\u4e86747\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u4e0e\u897f\u5317\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u57282017\u5e7412\u6708\u9000\u5f79\u4e86\u6ce2\u97f3747-400\u673a\u961f\u3002 [75]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

International flights bypassing traditional hub airports and landing at smaller cities became more common throughout the 1980s, thus eroding the 747’s original market.[76]<\/a> Many international carriers continued to use the 747 on Pacific<\/a> routes.[77]<\/a> In Japan, 747s on domestic routes were configured to carry nearly the maximum passenger capacity.[78]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7ed5\u8fc7\u4f20\u7edf\u67a2\u7ebd\u673a\u573a\u5e76\u5728\u8f83\u5c0f\u57ce\u5e02\u964d\u843d\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u822a\u73ed\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fb5\u8680\u4e86747\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u5e02\u573a\u3002[76]\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u9645\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u822a\u7ebf\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528747\u3002[77]\u5728\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u822a\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7684747\u88ab\u914d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u627f\u8f7d\u8fd1\u6700\u5927\u4e58\u5ba2\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002[78]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1980\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u822a\u73ed\u7ecf\u4f20\u7edf\u8f6c\u8fd0\u7ad9\u800c\u5230\u8fbe\u5176\u5b83\u5c0f\u57ce\u5e02\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u666e\u53ca[66]<\/a>\uff0c\u8fd9\u8d8b\u52bf\u867d\u7136\u524a\u5f31\u4e86747\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528747\u6765\u8fd0\u8425\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u822a\u7ebf[67]<\/a>\uff1b\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u7ebf\u9700\u6c42\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u65e5\u672c<\/a>\uff0c747\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u5185\u7ebf\u7684\u4e3b\u529b\u673a\u961f[68]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u6ce2\u97f3747\u7684\u9ad8\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7535\u5f71\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7a7a\u96be\u7535\u5f71\uff09\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u6216\u9053\u5177\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u6709747\u5165\u955c\u7684\u5f71\u7247\u4e0d\u8ba1\u5176\u6570\uff0c\u4f8b\u57281996\u5e74\u4e0a\u6620\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u300a747\u7edd\u5730\u608d\u5c06<\/a>\u300b\uff08Executive Decision<\/em>\uff09[69]<\/a>\u30011997\u5e74\u4e0a\u6620\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u300a\u7a7a\u519b\u4e00\u53f7<\/a>\u300b\uff08Air Force One<\/em>\uff09[70]<\/a>\u30012006\u5e74\u4e0a\u6620\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u300a\u6bd2\u86c7\u5413\u673a<\/a>\u300b\uff08Snakes on a Plane<\/em>\uff09[71]<\/a>\u548c2007\u5e74\u4e0a\u6620\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u300a\u6b7b\u4ea1\u5ba2\u673a<\/a>\u300b\uff08Flight of the Living Dead: Outbreak on a Plane<\/em>\uff09\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u5c11\u6b27\u7f8e\u3001\u65e5\u97e9\u52a8\u6f2b\u5f71\u89c6\u548c\u6e38\u620f\u4f5c\u54c1\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u90fd\u6709747\u7684\u8eab\u5f71\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5728\u8457\u540d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\u5c04\u51fb\u6e38\u620f<\/a>\u300a\u53cd\u6050\u7cbe\u82f1<\/a>\u300b\u4e4b\u4e2d\u67093\u5f20\u76f8\u5173\u5730\u56fe\uff08cs_747\u3001zm_747\u3001dm_747\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5947\u5e7b\u7cfb\u8f7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300aFate\/Apocrypha<\/a>\u300b\u4e2d\u88ab\u9ed1\u4e4b\u9635\u8425\u5927\u91cf\u7528\u4ee5\u8ffd\u51fb\u593a\u8d70\u5927\u5723\u676f\u7684\u7ea2\u4e4b\u9635\u8425\u3002\u57283D\u52a8\u753b\u7535\u5f71\u300a\u8d5b\u8f66\u603b\u52a8\u54582<\/a>\u300b\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u95ea\u7535\u9ea6\u6606\u548c\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u4e58\u5750\u90a3\u67b6\u5ba2\u673a\u4e5f\u662f747\u62df\u4eba\u5316\u800c\u6765\u3002\u5728\u300a\u540d\u4fa6\u63a2\u67ef\u5357\u300b\u5267\u573a\u7248\u300a\u94f6\u7ffc\u7684\u9b54\u672f\u5e08<\/a>\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4e1a\u706b\u7684\u5411\u65e5\u8475<\/a>\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u98de\u673a\u4e5f\u662f\u6ce2\u97f3747\u3002\u800c\u6ce2\u97f3<\/a>\u4e5f\u66fe\u7ecf\u5728\u8457\u540d\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u5e73\u53f0\u65b0\u6d6a\u5fae\u535a<\/a>\u53d1\u8d77\u4e00\u6761\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5bfb\u627e747\u201d\u7684\u5fae\u535a<\/a>\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u5e7f\u5927\u822a\u7a7a\u7231\u597d\u8005\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.8 \u5347\u7ea7\u7684747\u7248\u672c \uff5c Improved 747 versions<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n
\n
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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY- SA 3.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\n

\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1aStretched upper deck cabin of later 747s with six-abreast seating
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u540e\u671f747\u5ba2\u673a\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\u8231\u5bbd\u655e\uff0c\u53ef\u5bb9\u7eb3\u516d\u4eba\u5e76\u6392\u5c31\u5ea7\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aAlex Beltyukov – RuSpotters Team-\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee\u539f\u56fe\u94fe\u63a5<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce2\u97f3\u5f00\u53d1\u5b8c\u4e86747-100\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u6b3e\u62e5\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u8d77\u98de\u91cd\u91cf\u7684-100B\u548c\u9ad8\u8f7d\u5ba2\u91cf\u7684\u77ed\u7a0b\u578b-SR\uff08\u591a\u7528\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u5185\u822a\u7ebf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u56e0\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u8d77\u843d\u6b21\u6570\u800c\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u8d77\u843d\u67b6\uff09[72]<\/a>\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u8d77\u98de\u91cd\u91cf\u63d0\u9ad8\u8868\u793a\u80fd\u591f\u88c5\u8f7d\u66f4\u591a\u71c3\u6599\u98de\u884c\u5f97\u66f4\u8fdc\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4eca\u5929\u7684-ER\uff08\u6ce2\u97f3\/\u9ea6\u9053\uff09\/IGW\uff08\u9ea6\u9053\uff09\/HGW\uff08\u7a7a\u5ba2\uff09[73]<\/a>\u3002\u540e\u671f\u8fd8\u6709-100SUD\uff08\u5ef6\u957f\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\u7528\u4e8e\u8f7d\u5ba2\uff09\u578b\u53ef\u4f9b\u6539\u9020\u3002-200\u578b\u57281971\u5e74\u6295\u5165\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6700\u5927\u8d77\u98de\u91cd\u91cf\uff0c\u8be5\u578b\u53f7\u7684\u7528\u9014\u53ef\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5206\u4e3a\u5ba2\u8fd0\u3001\u8d27\u8fd0\uff08-F\uff09\uff0c\u5ba2\u8d27\u8f6c\u6362\uff08-C\uff09\u548c\u5ba2\u8d27\u6df7\u5408\uff08M\uff0c\u5373Combi\uff09[72]<\/a>\u3002747-200\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u9020\u4e3a-200SUD\u30021970\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u53c8\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u6b3e\u7f29\u77ed\u673a\u8eab\u4f46\u822a\u7a0b\u8f83\u8fdc\u7684-SP<\/a>\uff08S<\/strong>pecialP<\/strong>erformance\uff09[74]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1980\u5e74\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u53c8\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86-300\u578b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u8f7d\u5ba2\u91cf\uff0c\u8ba1\u5212\u4ee3\u53f7\u4e3a747SUD\uff0c\u610f\u5373\u201c\u5ef6\u957f\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\u201d\uff08S<\/strong>tretchedU<\/strong>pperD<\/strong>eck\uff09[75]<\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u4ee3\u53f7\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a747EUD\uff08E<\/strong>xtendedU<\/strong>pperD<\/strong>eck\uff09[76]<\/a>\uff0c\u540d\u79f0\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u4ecd\u65e7\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u9996\u67b6747-300\u57281983\u5e74\u5efa\u9020\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5ef6\u957f\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u9ad8\u822a\u901f\u548c\u8f7d\u5ba2\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u6709\u5ba2\u8fd0\u3001\u5ba2\u8d27\u6df7\u5408\u3001SR\u548c\u540e\u671f\u6539\u9020\u7684\u8d27\u8fd0\u578b\u53f7[72]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY- SA 2.5\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u53f2\u4e0a\u56db\u79cd\u6700\u5927\u5de8\u578b\u98de\u673a\u8fed\u5408\u6bd4\u8f83\u56fe\uff1a\u4f11\u65afH-4 Spruce Goose\u5927\u529b\u58eb\u578b\u8fd0\u8f93\u673a<\/a>(\u5177\u6700\u5927\u7ffc\u5c55)\u3001\u5b89\u6258\u8bfa\u592bAn-225\u8fd0\u8f93\u673a<\/a>(\u6700\u5927\u4f53\u79ef)\u3001\u6ce2\u97f3747-8\u6d32\u9645\u98de\u673a<\/a>(\u6700\u5927\u6b3e\u5f0f\u4e4b\u6ce2\u97f3747<\/a>\u7a7a\u4e2d\u5de8\u65e0\u9738)\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u7a7a\u4e2d\u5ba2\u8f66A380-800\u578b\u5ba2\u673a<\/a>(\u73b0\u4eca\u6700\u5927\u578b\u5ba2\u673a)\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aClem Tillier<\/a>(clem AT tillier.net)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaGFDL 1.2\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1aLaunch Customer Northwest Airlines<\/a> introduced the 747-400 in 1989.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u542f\u52a8\u7528\u6237\u897f\u5317\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u4e8e1989\u5e74\u5f15\u8fdb\u4e86747-400\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aPaul Spijkers-\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee\u539f\u56fe\u94fe\u63a5<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

1985\u5e74\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u518d\u5ea6\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u6b3e\u65b0\u578b\u53f7\u540d\u4e3a747-400<\/a>[77]<\/a>\uff0c\u8be5\u578b\u53f7\u914d\u5907\u73bb\u7483\u5ea7\u8231<\/a>[78]<\/a>\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7684\u98de\u884c\u5458\u7531\u4e09\u4eba\u51cf\u5c11\u81f3\u4e24\u4eba\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7814\u53d1\u6210\u672c\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u5e94\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u8981\u6c42\u800c\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u65b0\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5458\u5de5\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0d\u8db3\u4f7f\u98de\u673a\u5ef6\u671f[1]<\/a>\uff0c\u4f7f-400\u578b\u57281989\u5e74\u624d\u80fd\u6295\u5165\u670d\u52a1[79]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1991, a record-breaking 1,087 passengers were flown in a 747 during a covert operation to airlift Ethiopian Jews to Israel<\/a>.[88]<\/a> Generally, the 747-400 held between 416 and 524 passengers.[89]<\/a> The 747 remained the heaviest commercial aircraft in regular service until the debut of the Antonov An-124<\/a>Ruslan in 1982; variants of the 747-400 surpassed the An-124’s weight in 2000. The Antonov An-225 Mriya<\/a> cargo transport<\/a>, which debuted in 1988, remains the world’s largest aircraft by several measures (including the most accepted measures of maximum takeoff weight and length); one aircraft has been completed and was in service until 2022. The Scaled Composites Stratolaunch<\/a>is currently the largest aircraft by wingspan<\/a>.[90]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a1991\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u79d8\u5bc6\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u67b6\u6ce2\u97f3747\u5ba2\u673a\u4ee5\u521b\u7eaa\u5f55\u76841087\u540d\u4e58\u5ba2\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u5c06\u57c3\u585e\u4fc4\u6bd4\u4e9a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7a7a\u8fd0\u5230\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u3002[88]\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3747-400\u7684\u8f7d\u5ba2\u91cf\u5728416\u81f3524\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002[89]\u76f4\u52301982\u5e74\u5b89\u4e1c\u8bfa\u592bAn-124\u9c81\u65af\u5170\u8fd0\u8f93\u673a\u95ee\u4e16\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3747\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5e38\u89c4\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u7684\u5546\u7528\u98de\u673a\uff1b747-400\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u578b\u53f7\u57282000\u5e74\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86An-124\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u3002\u5b89\u4e1c\u8bfa\u592bAn-225 Mriya\u8d27\u8fd0\u98de\u673a\u4e8e1988\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u4eae\u76f8\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u591a\u9879\u6307\u6807\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6700\u5927\u8d77\u98de\u91cd\u91cf\u548c\u957f\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u98de\u673a\uff1b\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u67b6\u98de\u673a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u5e76\u4e00\u76f4\u4f7f\u7528\u52302022\u5e74\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0cScaled Composites Stratolaunch\u662f\u7ffc\u5c55\u6700\u5927\u7684\u98de\u673a\u3002[90]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.9 \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55 \uff5c Further developments<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n
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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY- SA 3.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a747-400 main deck economy class seating in 3\u20134\u20133 layout
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a747-400\u4e3b\u7532\u677f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8231\u91c7\u75283-4-3\u5e03\u5c40\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aAltair78<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u7ee7B747-400\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u6709\u610f\u518d\u5ef6\u957f747\u30021996\u5e74\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u5ba3\u5e03\u6ce2\u97f3747-500X\u548c\u6ce2\u97f3747-600X\u8ba1\u5212[80]<\/a>\uff0c\u65b0\u8ba1\u5212\u9700\u8981\u7ea650\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u53bb\u5f00\u53d1[80]<\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u4e0d\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212[81]<\/a>\u3002\u57282000\u5e74\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u518d\u5ea6\u5ba3\u5e03\u65b0\u7684747X\u548c747X\u884d\u751f\u578b\u53f7\u4ee5\u56de\u5e94\u7a7a\u4e2d\u5ba2\u8f66\u7684A3XX<\/a>\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u5730\u56e0\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u4e0d\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u4fbf\u57282001\u5e74\u5ba3\u5e03\u5f00\u53d1\u97f3\u901f\u5de1\u822a\u8005<\/a>\u4ee5\u4ee3\u66ff747X[82]<\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u4e0d\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u800c\u505c\u6b62\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f\u6ce2\u97f3787<\/a>[83]<\/a>\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u8ba1\u5212\u4ea6\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u65e0\u662f\u5904\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u6ce2\u97f3747-400ER\u4e0a[84]<\/a>\u3002\u6ce2\u97f3\u653e\u5f03\u591a\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u4e1a\u754c\u5bf9\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u65b0\u98de\u673a\u8ba1\u5212\u6709\u70b9\u62c5\u5fe7[85]<\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u57282004\u5e74\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684747\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u7ec8\u4e8e\u88ab\u6ce2\u97f3\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u65b0747\u8ba1\u5212\u4e0e747-X\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u66f4\u662f\u6539\u826f\u81ea\u6ce2\u97f3787\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY- SA 2.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aLufthansa Boeing 747-8
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6c49\u838e\u822a\u7a7a\u6ce2\u97f3747-8<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aKiefer.<\/a>from Frankfurt, Germany-\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee\u539f\u56fe\u94fe\u63a5<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

On November 14, 2005, Boeing announced it was launching the 747 Advanced as the Boeing 747-8<\/a>.[98]<\/a>The last 747-400s were completed in 2009.[99]<\/a> As of 2011, most orders of the 747-8 were for the freighter variant. On February 8, 2010, the 747-8 Freighter made its maiden flight<\/a>.[100]<\/a> The first delivery of the 747-8 went to Cargolux<\/a> in 2011.[101]<\/a>[102]<\/a> The first 747-8 Intercontinental passenger variant was delivered to Lufthansa<\/a> on May 5, 2012.[103]<\/a> The 1,500th Boeing 747 was delivered in June 2014 to Lufthansa.[104]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a2005\u5e7411\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u5ba3\u5e03\u63a8\u51fa747-8\uff0c\u5373747\u5347\u7ea7\u7248\u3002[98]\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u67b6747-400\u4e8e2009\u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\u3002[99]\u622a\u81f32011\u5e74\uff0c747-8\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8ba2\u5355\u662f\u8d27\u673a\u7248\u672c\u30022010\u5e742\u67088\u65e5\uff0c747-8\u8d27\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9996\u6b21\u8bd5\u98de\u3002[100] 747-8\u7684\u9996\u6b21\u4ea4\u4ed8\u662f\u57282011\u5e74\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9Cargolux\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u3002[101][102]\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a747-8\u6d32\u9645\u5ba2\u8fd0\u7248\u672c\u4e8e2012\u5e745\u67085\u65e5\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c49\u838e\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u3002[103]\u7b2c1500\u67b6\u6ce2\u97f3747\u4e8e2014\u5e746\u6708\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c49\u838e\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u3002[104]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u57282005\u5e7411\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u5ba3\u5e03\u65b0\u5f00\u53d1747-8<\/a>[86]<\/a>\uff0c\u800c\u6ce2\u97f3\u4ea6\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u624bA380\u5ef6\u671f\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4f1a\u4f7f747-8\u7684\u8ba2\u5355\u6709\u6240\u589e\u957f\u3002\u4e24\u5bb6\u7a7a\u4e2d\u5ba2\u8f66<\/a>\u4e70\u5bb6\u4e0e\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u9644\u52a0\u5408\u7ea6\u8ba2\u8d2d747-8[87]<\/a>[88]<\/a>\uff0c\u4e24\u5bb6\u8ba2\u8d2d\u4e86A380\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u5ba3\u5e03\u53d6\u6d88A380\u8ba2\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u4ea6\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7A380\u5ef6\u671f\u4ea4\u4ed8\u6216\u8003\u8651\u8ba2\u8d2d747-8\u6216B777<\/a>F[89]<\/a>[90]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In January 2016, Boeing stated it was reducing 747-8 production to six a year beginning in September 2016, incurring a $569 million post-tax charge against its fourth-quarter 2015 profits. At the end of 2015, the company had 20 orders outstanding.[105]<\/a>[106]<\/a> On January 29, 2016, Boeing announced that it had begun the preliminary work on the modifications to a commercial 747-8 for the next Air Force One<\/a> presidential aircraft, then expected to be operational by 2020.[107]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a2016\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ece2016\u5e749\u6708\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5c06\u628a747-8\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u5230\u6bcf\u5e746\u67b6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f7f\u51762015\u5e74\u7b2c\u56db\u5b63\u5ea6\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u51cf\u5c115.69\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u622a\u81f32015\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u4ecd\u670920\u4e2a\u8ba2\u5355\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u3002[105][106] 2016\u5e741\u670829\u65e5\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u5ba3\u5e03\u5df2\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u4e0b\u4e00\u67b6\u7a7a\u519b\u4e00\u53f7\u603b\u7edf\u98de\u673a\u7684\u5546\u4e1a747-8\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u5c06\u4e8e2020\u5e74\u6295\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\u3002[107]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 12, 2016, Boeing announced that it had finalized an order from Volga-Dnepr Group<\/a> for 20 747-8 freighters, valued at $7.58 billion (~$8.49 billion in 2021) at list prices. Four aircraft were delivered beginning in 2012. Volga-Dnepr Group is the parent of three major Russian air-freight carriers \u2013 Volga-Dnepr Airlines<\/a>, AirBridgeCargo Airlines<\/a> and Atran Airlines<\/a>. The new 747-8 freighters would replace AirBridgeCargo’s current 747-400 aircraft and expand the airline’s fleet and will be acquired through a mix of direct purchases and leasing over the next six years, Boeing said.[108]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a2016\u5e747\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u5ba3\u5e03\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u4f0f\u5c14\u52a0-\u7b2c\u8042\u4f2f\u96c6\u56e2\u8ba2\u8d2d\u768420\u67b6747-8\u8d27\u673a\u7684\u8ba2\u5355\uff0c\u6309\u6807\u4ef7\u8ba1\u7b97\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a75.8\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff08\u7ea6\u54082021\u5e74\u768484.9\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\u3002\u56db\u67b6\u98de\u673a\u4e8e2012\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u4ea4\u4ed8\u3002\u4f0f\u5c14\u52a0-\u7b2c\u8042\u4f2f\u96c6\u56e2\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e09\u5927\u822a\u7a7a\u8d27\u8fd0\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6bcd\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u4f0f\u5c14\u52a0-\u7b2c\u8042\u4f2f\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u3001AirBridgeCargo\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u548cAtran\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u65b0\u7684747-8\u8d27\u673a\u5c06\u53d6\u4ee3AirBridgeCargo\u76ee\u524d\u7684747-400\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u5e76\u6269\u5927\u8be5\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u673a\u961f\u89c4\u6a21\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u98de\u673a\u5c06\u5728\u672a\u6765\u516d\u5e74\u5185\u901a\u8fc7\u76f4\u63a5\u8d2d\u4e70\u548c\u79df\u8d41\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u83b7\u5f97\u3002[108]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u57282007\u5e74A380\u6295\u5165\u670d\u52a1\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3747\u66fe\u662f\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u8f7d\u5ba2\u91cf\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u98de\u673a[91]<\/a>\uff0c\u57281991\u5e74\u7684\u6240\u7f57\u95e8\u884c\u52a8<\/a>\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u67b6\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u822a\u7a7a<\/a>\u6ce2\u97f3747\u7834\u7eaa\u5f55\u5730\u8fd0\u9001\u4e861087\u540d\u4e58\u5ba2[92]<\/a>\u3002\u6ce2\u97f3747\u66fe\u662f\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u91cd\u7684\u98de\u673a\u76f4\u81f31982\u5e74An-124\u8fd0\u8f93\u673a<\/a>\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u62e5\u6709\u7ffc\u5c55\u6700\u957f\u7684\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u7531\u53ea\u98de\u884c\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u4f11\u65afH-4\u5927\u529b\u795e<\/a>\u5728\u957f\u671f\u5360\u636e\u6b64\u540d\u8a89[93]<\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u6765\u5c06\u88ab\u6ce2\u97f3777X\u7cfb\u5217\u4ee3\u66ff\u6210\u4e3a\u7ffc\u5c55\u6700\u957f\u7684\u98de\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u4e9b747\u88ab\u6539\u88c5\u7528\u4f5c\u7279\u522b\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u901a\u7528\u7535\u6c14\u516c\u53f8\u62e5\u67091\u67b6747-100\uff08\u7f16\u53f7N747GE\uff0c\u5df2\u9000\u5f79\uff09\u7528\u4f5c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a[94]<\/a>[95]<\/a>\uff0c\u4e00\u67b6\u7531\u957f\u9752\u56fd\u9645\u822a\u7a7a<\/a>\u6539\u88c5\u7684747\u7528\u4f5c\u6551\u706b\u4e4b\u7528[94]<\/a>\u3002\u6ce2\u97f3747\u5ba2\u673a\u505c\u4ea7\u540e\u5c06\u7531Y3<\/a>\u8ba1\u5212\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.10 \u505c\u4ea7 \uff5c End of production<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u867d\u7136\u6ce2\u97f3747\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d85\u5927\u8f7d\u5ba2\u91cf\u73cd\u5b9d\u5ba2\u673a\u66fe\u7ecf\u5e26\u6765\u5546\u4e1a\u98de\u884c\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4f46\u57fa\u4e8e\u8f83\u5927\u6cb9\u8017\u548c\u4e58\u5ba2\u91cf\u4e0d\u4f73\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u73b0\u4ee3\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u71c3\u6cb9\u6548\u76ca\u7684\u53cc\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u98de\u673a\u4e0d\u65ad\u63a8\u9648\u51fa\u65b0\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u7ec8\u4e8e\u57282017\u5e746\u6708\u5ba3\u5e03\uff0c\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u7a7a\u4e2d\u5973\u738b\u201d\u7684747\u98de\u673a\u5c06\u5168\u9762\u9000\u51fa\u5ba2\u673a\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u5e76\u5168\u9762\u7531\u6ce2\u97f3777<\/a>\u3001787<\/a>\u66ff\u4ee3\uff0c\u53ea\u7559\u4e0b\u8d27\u673a\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u7528\u9014\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u5982\u7a7a\u519b\u4e00\u53f7<\/a>[96]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 27, 2016, in its quarterly report to the Securities and Exchange Commission<\/a>, Boeing discussed the potential termination of 747 production due to insufficient demand and market for the aircraft.[109]<\/a> With a firm order backlog of 21 aircraft and a production rate of six per year, program accounting had been reduced to 1,555 aircraft.[110]<\/a> In October 2016, UPS Airlines<\/a> ordered 14 -8Fs to add capacity, along with 14 options, which it took in February 2018 to increase the total to 28 -8Fs on order.[111]<\/a>[112]<\/a> The backlog then stood at 25 aircraft, though several of these were orders from airlines that no longer intended to take delivery.[113]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a2016\u5e747\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bc1\u5238\u4ea4\u6613\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u5b63\u5ea6\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u7531\u4e8e\u98de\u673a\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u4e0d\u8db3\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4747\u505c\u4ea7\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002[109] \u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u670921\u67b6\u98de\u673a\u7684\u8ba2\u5355\u79ef\u538b\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u751f\u4ea76\u67b6\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u9879\u76ee\u6838\u7b97\u5df2\u51cf\u5c11\u52301,555\u67b6\u98de\u673a\u3002[110] 2016\u5e7410\u6708\uff0cUPS\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u8ba2\u8d2d\u4e8614\u67b6-8F\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u8fd0\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u57282018\u5e742\u6708\u9009\u62e9\u4e8614\u67b6\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u603b\u6570\u589e\u52a0\u523028\u67b6-8F\u3002[111][112] \u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u8ba2\u5355\u79ef\u538b\u4e3a25\u67b6\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u51e0\u7b14\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u518d\u6253\u7b97\u63a5\u6536\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7684\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8ba2\u5355\u3002[113]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53d7\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u75ab\u60c5<\/a>\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u5c06\u90e8\u5206747\u5ba2\u673a\u5168\u6570\u9000\u5f79\uff0c\u4ea6\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u5c06\u5168\u6570747-8\u5ba2\u673a\u5c01\u5b58\u76f4\u81f3\u822a\u7a7a\u4e1a\u6062\u590d\u6b63\u5e38\u30022020\u5e747\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba3\u5e03\u5c06\u505c\u4ea7747\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u7684747-8\u7cfb\u5217\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u67b6747\u4e8e2022\u5e74\u51fa\u5382\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 2, 2020, it was reported that Boeing planned to end 747 production in 2022 upon delivery of the remaining jets on order to UPS and the Volga-Dnepr Group due to low demand.[114]<\/a> On July 29, 2020, Boeing confirmed that the final 747 would be delivered in 2022 as a result of “current market dynamics and outlook” stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic<\/a>, according to CEO David Calhoun.[115]<\/a> The last aircraft, a 747-8F for Atlas Air<\/a>, rolled off the production line on December 6, 2022,[116]<\/a> and was delivered on January 31, 2023.[117]<\/a> Boeing hosted an event at the Everett factory for thousands of workers as well as industry executives to commemorate the delivery.[118]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a2020\u5e747\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u9700\u6c42\u4f4e\u8ff7\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u8ba1\u5212\u57282022\u5e74\u5411UPS\u548c\u4f0f\u5c14\u52a0-\u7b2c\u8042\u4f2f\u96c6\u56e2\u4ea4\u4ed8\u5269\u4f59\u7684747\u8ba2\u5355\u540e\u505c\u4ea7\u3002[114] 2020\u5e747\u670829\u65e5\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u9996\u5e2d\u6267\u884c\u5b98\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u5361\u5c14\u970d\u6069\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8eCOVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u201c\u5f53\u524d\u5e02\u573a\u52a8\u6001\u548c\u524d\u666f\u201d\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u67b6747\u5c06\u4e8e2022\u5e74\u4ea4\u4ed8\u3002[115] \u6700\u540e\u4e00\u67b6747-8F\u98de\u673a\u4e8e2022\u5e7412\u67086\u65e5\u4e0b\u7ebf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e2023\u5e741\u670831\u65e5\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9Atlas Air\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u3002[116][117] \u6ce2\u97f3\u5728\u57c3\u5f17\u96f7\u7279\u5de5\u5382\u4e3e\u529e\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u9080\u8bf7\u4e86\u6570\u5343\u540d\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u884c\u4e1a\u9ad8\u7ba1\u53c2\u52a0\uff0c\u4ee5\u7eaa\u5ff5\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u3002[118]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u8bbe\u8ba1 \uff5c Design<\/h2>\n\n\n
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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY- SA 3.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a3-view drawing of the Boeing 747-100<\/a> airliner.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6ce2\u97f3747-100\u5ba2\u673a\u7684\u4e09\u89c6\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aJulien.scavini<\/a> derivative work: MLWatts<\/a>-This file was derived from:Boeing 747 family v1.0.png<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce2\u97f3747\u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u53cc\u5c42\u3001\u5bbd\u4f53\u3001\u53cc\u901a\u9053\u3001\u56db\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u5176\u673a\u7ffc\u540e\u63a0\u89d2\u4e3a37.5\u5ea6\uff0c\u6b64\u89d2\u5ea6\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u5de1\u822a\u901f\u5ea6\u4e4b\u7528[27]<\/a>\uff0c\u6700\u4f73\u5de1\u822a\u901f\u5ea6\u4e3a0.84-0.88\u9a6c\u8d6b\uff08\u89c6\u578b\u53f7\u800c\u5b9a\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u505c\u6cca\u5728\u98de\u673a\u68da[98]<\/a>\u3002\u5982\u679c747\u5ba2\u8231\u4e3b\u5c42\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8231\u5ea7\u4f4d\u4ee53-4-3\u548c\u5934\u7b49\u82311-2-1\u7684\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u4e0a\u5c42\u4ee52-2\u6392\u5217\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c747\u7684\u8f7d\u5ba2\u91cf\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7366\u4eba[99]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce2\u97f3747\u7684\u9a7e\u9a76\u8231\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\uff0c\u9a7e\u9a76\u8231\u540e\u9762\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u5ba2\u8231\u6216\u673a\u5458\u4f11\u606f\u5ba4\uff0c\u8d27\u673a\u578b\u53f7\u6709\u53ef\u6380\u8d77\u7684\u673a\u9f3b\u8231\u95e8[27]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The “stretched upper deck” became available as an alternative on the 747-100B variant and later as standard beginning on the 747-300. The upper deck was stretched more on the 747-8. The 747 cockpit roof section also has an escape hatch from which crew can exit during the events of an emergency if they cannot do so through the cabin.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a”\u4f38\u5c55\u5f0f\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f”\u5728747-100B\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u4ece747-300\u5f00\u59cb\u6210\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\u5728747-8\u4e0a\u88ab\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f38\u5c55\u3002747\u9a7e\u9a76\u8231\u9876\u90e8\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9003\u751f\u8231\u53e3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u673a\u7ec4\u4eba\u5458\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u5ba2\u8231\u9003\u751f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7d27\u6025\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4ece\u6b64\u5904\u64a4\u79bb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaGFDL\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u4e3aGFDL 1.3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aLanding gear of a Lufthansa Boeing 747-400
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e00\u67b6\u6c49\u838e\u822a\u7a7a\u6ce2\u97f3747-400\u98de\u673a\u7684\u8d77\u843d\u67b6<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\u4fe1\u606f\uff1aPhoto taken by Michael Krahe<\/a>, Summer 2002. Licensed under the GFDL.<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

747\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8d77\u98de\u91cd\u91cf\u753173\u4e075\u5343\u78c5\uff08334,000\u5343\u514b\uff0c-100\u578b\uff09\u81f397\u4e07\u78c5\uff08439,985\u5343\u514b\uff0c-8\u578b\uff09\u4e0d\u7b49\uff0c\u822a\u7a0b\u75315,300\u6d77\u91cc\uff086,100\u82f1\u91cc\u30019,800\u5343\u7c73\uff0c-100\u578b\uff09\u81f38,000\u6d77\u91cc\uff089,210\u82f1\u91cc\u300114,815\u5343\u7c73\uff0c-8I\u578b\uff09\u4e0d\u7b49[100]<\/a>[101]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56e0\u6b64\u6ce2\u97f3747\u62e5\u67094\u5957\u6db2\u538b<\/a>\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u7ed3\u6784\u5907\u7528\u88c5\u7f6e\u300118\u4e2a\u673a\u8f6e\u4ee5\u652f\u6491\u5982\u6b64\u7b28\u91cd\u7684\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u5f53\u673a\u8f6e\u7206\u80ce\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u98de\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u987a\u5229\u6ed1\u884c\uff1b\u800c747\u62e5\u6709\u591a\u7ec4\u673a\u8f6e\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u5f53\u964d\u843d\u65f6\u4e24\u7ec4\u574f\u4e86\uff0c\u4f59\u4e0b\u7684\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u652f\u6491\u6574\u67b6\u98de\u673a[102]<\/a>\uff1b\u800c\u5206\u79bb\u5f0f\u63a7\u5236\u9762\u677f\u53ca\u7cbe\u5bc6\u7684\u4e09\u69fd\u5f0f\u895f\u7ffc\u80fd\u591f\u964d\u4f4e\u964d\u843d\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u8dd1\u9053\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u957f\u5ea6\u53bb\u5bb9\u7eb3\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u98de\u673a\u6ed1\u884c\u8ddd\u79bb[103]<\/a>\u3002\u65e9\u671f747\u578b\u53f7\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u4e0e\u673a\u8eab\u4e4b\u95f4\u3001\u5728\u673a\u7ffc\u4e0b\u589e\u52a0\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e2a\u540a\u8231\u4ee5\u5bb9\u7eb3\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u7528\u4f5c\u8fd0\u9001\u540e\u5907\u53d1\u52a8\u673a[104]<\/a>[105]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The 747’s maximum takeoff weight ranges from 735,000 pounds (333 t) for the -100 to 970,000 pounds (440 t) for the -8. Its range has increased from 5,300 nautical miles (9,800 km; 6,100 mi) on the -100 to 8,000 nautical miles (15,000 km; 9,200 mi) on the -8I.[121]<\/a>[122]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a747\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8d77\u98de\u91cd\u91cf\u8303\u56f4\u4ece-100\u578b\u7684735,000\u78c5\uff08333\u5428\uff09\u5230-8\u578b\u7684970,000\u78c5\uff08440\u5428\uff09\u3002\u5176\u822a\u7a0b\u5df2\u4ece-100\u578b\u76845,300\u6d77\u91cc\uff089,800\u516c\u91cc\uff1b6,100\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u589e\u52a0\u5230-8I\u578b\u76848,000\u6d77\u91cc\uff0815,000\u516c\u91cc\uff1b9,200\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u3002[121][122]<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1aFront view showing the triple-slotted trailing edge flaps<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u524d\u89c6\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u4e09\u5f00\u69fd\u540e\u7f18\u895f\u7ffc
\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aAir New Zealand Boeing 747-400 (ZK-SUH) arrives London Heathrow, England. The triple-slotted trailing edge flaps are well displayed.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u6ce2\u97f3747-400 (ZK-SUH)\u62b5\u8fbe\u82f1\u56fd\u4f26\u6566\u5e0c\u601d\u7f57\u673a\u573a\u3002\u4e09\u5f00\u69fd\u540e\u7f18\u895f\u7ffc\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5c55\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aAdrian Pingstone<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

The 747 has redundant structures along with four redundant hydraulic systems and four main landing gears each with four wheels; these provide a good spread of support on the ground and safety in case of tire blow-outs. The main gear are redundant so that landing can be performed on two opposing landing gears if the others are not functioning properly.[123]<\/a> The 747 also has split control surfaces and was designed with sophisticated triple-slotted flaps that minimize landing speeds and allow the 747 to use standard-length runways.[124]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a747\u98de\u673a\u5177\u6709\u5197\u4f59\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56db\u4e2a\u5197\u4f59\u6db2\u538b\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u56db\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8d77\u843d\u67b6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8d77\u843d\u67b6\u4e0a\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u8f6e\u5b50\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5728\u5730\u9762\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u826f\u597d\u7684\u652f\u6491\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8f6e\u80ce\u7206\u88c2\u65f6\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u4e3b\u8d77\u843d\u67b6\u4e5f\u662f\u5197\u4f59\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4ed6\u8d77\u843d\u67b6\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u8d77\u843d\u67b6\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7740\u9646\u3002[123] 747\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u5206\u88c2\u5f0f\u63a7\u5236\u9762\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u7528\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e09\u69fd\u895f\u7ffc\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u7740\u9646\u901f\u5ea6\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8747\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u8dd1\u9053\u3002[124]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For transportation of spare engines, the 747 can accommodate a non-functioning fifth-pod engine under the aircraft’s port wing between the inner functioning engine and the fuselage.[125]<\/a>[126]<\/a> The fifth engine mount point is also used by Virgin Orbit<\/a>‘s LauncherOne<\/a> program to carry an orbital-class rocket to cruise altitude where it is deployed.[127]<\/a>[128]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5907\u7528\u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u8fd0\u8f93\uff0c747\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u98de\u673a\u7684\u5de6\u673a\u7ffc\u4e0b\u65b9\u5bb9\u7eb3\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e2a\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5185\u90e8\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f15\u64ce\u548c\u673a\u8eab\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002[125][126] \u7b2c\u4e94\u4e2a\u5f15\u64ce\u5b89\u88c5\u70b9\u8fd8\u88ab\u7ef4\u73cd\u8f68\u9053\u516c\u53f8\u7684LauncherOne\u8ba1\u5212\u7528\u4e8e\u643a\u5e26\u8f68\u9053\u7ea7\u706b\u7bad\u5230\u8fbe\u5de1\u822a\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u90e8\u7f72\u3002[127][128]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u5b50\u578b\u53f7 \uff5c Variants<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce2\u97f3747-100\u662f747\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u578b\u53f7\uff0c\u57281966\u5e74\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c747-200\u57281968\u5e74\u63a5\u5230\u8ba2\u5355\u540e\u4fbf\u8fdb\u884c\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u800c747-300\u548c747-400\u5206\u522b\u57281980\u5e74\u548c1985\u5e74\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u65b0\u578b\u53f7747-8\u662f\u57282005\u5e74\u5ba3\u5e03\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u6bcf\u6b3e747\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u884d\u751f\u578b\u53f7\u3002\u5728\u65e9\u671f747\u578b\u53f7\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u671f\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The International Civil Aviation Organization<\/a>(ICAO) classifies variants using a shortened code formed by combining the model number and the variant designator (e.g. “B741” for all -100 models).[130]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u56fd\u9645\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08ICAO\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u7531\u578b\u53f7\u548c\u53d8\u4f53\u6307\u793a\u5668\u7ec4\u5408\u800c\u6210\u7684\u7f29\u56fd\u9645\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08ICAO\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u7531\u578b\u53f7\u548c\u53d8\u4f53\u6307\u793a\u5668\u7ec4\u5408\u800c\u6210\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u53d8\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6240\u6709-100\u578b\u53f7\u7684\u201cB741\u201d\uff09\u3002[130]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.1 747-100<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n
\n
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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaGFDL 1.2\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\n

\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1aThe original 747-100 has a short upper deck with three windows per side;Pan Am<\/a>introduced it on January 22, 1970
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6700\u521d\u7684747-100\u578b\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\u8f83\u77ed\uff0c\u6bcf\u4fa7\u67093\u4e2a\u7a97\u53e3\uff1b\u6cdb\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u4e8e1970\u5e741\u670822\u65e5\u63a8\u51fa<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aAldo Bidini-\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee\u539f\u56fe\u94fe\u63a5<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n

\n
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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\n

\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u6cdb\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a<\/a>\u4e3a\u6ce2\u97f3747\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aArthur Tress<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

The first 747-100s were built with six upper deck windows (three per side) to accommodate upstairs lounge areas. Later, as airlines began to use the upper deck for premium passenger seating instead of lounge space, Boeing offered an upper deck with ten windows on either side as an option. Some early -100s were retrofitted with the new configuration.[131]<\/a> The -100 was equipped with Pratt & Whitney JT9D<\/a>-3A engines. No freighter version of this model was developed, but many 747-100s were converted into freighters as 747-100(SF).[132]<\/a> The first 747-100(SF) was delivered to Flying Tiger Line in 1974.[133]<\/a>A total of 168 747-100s were built; 167 were delivered to customers, while Boeing kept the prototype, City of Everett<\/em>.[134]<\/a> In 1972, its unit cost was US$24M[135]<\/a> (167.9M today).
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6700\u521d\u7684747-100\u578b\u53f7\u98de\u673a\u5728\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\u8bbe\u6709\u516d\u4e2a\u7a97\u6237\uff08\u6bcf\u4fa7\u4e09\u4e2a\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bb9\u7eb3\u697c\u4e0a\u7684\u4f11\u606f\u533a\u3002\u6700\u521d\u7684747-100\u578b\u98de\u673a\u6709\u516d\u4e2a\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\u7a97\u6237\uff08\u6bcf\u4fa7\u4e09\u4e2a\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bb9\u7eb3\u697c\u4e0a\u7684\u4f11\u606f\u533a\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u5f00\u59cb\u5c06\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4e58\u5ba2\u5ea7\u4f4d\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f11\u606f\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6bcf\u4fa7\u6709\u5341\u4e2a\u7a97\u6237\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9009\u9879\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u7684-100\u578b\u98de\u673a\u88ab\u6539\u88c5\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002[131] -100\u578b\u98de\u673a\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u666e\u60e0JT9D-3A\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5f00\u53d1\u8fd9\u79cd\u578b\u53f7\u7684\u8d27\u673a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u8bb8\u591a747-100\u578b\u98de\u673a\u88ab\u6539\u88c5\u6210\u8d27\u673a\uff0c\u5373747-100(SF)\u3002[132]\u7b2c\u4e00\u67b6747-100(SF)\u4e8e1974\u5e74\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9\u98de\u864e\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u3002[133]\u5171\u751f\u4ea7\u4e86168\u67b6747-100\u578b\u98de\u673a\uff1b\u5176\u4e2d167\u67b6\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u6ce2\u97f3\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u539f\u578b\u673a\u57c3\u5f17\u96f7\u7279\u57ce\u3002[134]1972\u5e74\uff0c\u5176\u5355\u4f4d\u6210\u672c\u4e3a2400\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143[135]\uff08\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4eca\u5929\u76841.679\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.2 747SR<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n
\n
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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 3.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u65e5\u672c\u822a\u7a7a\u65d7\u4e0b\u7684747-146B\/SR\/SUD\uff08JA8170\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u67b6\u4e3aJA8176\uff09<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1ajapjap<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n

\n
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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaGFDL 1.2\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\n

\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u5168\u65e5\u672c\u7a7a\u8f93\u7684747SR\uff08\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u7528\u7535\u6c14CF6-45A2\u5f15\u64ce\uff1b\u5f53\u65f6\u5168\u65e5\u7a7a\u4ee5\u8fbe\u00b7\u82ac\u5947\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u76f4\u5347\u673a\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\uff09<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aJohn Wheatley<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Responding to requests from Japanese airlines for a high-capacity aircraft to serve domestic routes between major cities, Boeing developed the 747SR as a short-range version of the 747-100 with lower fuel capacity and greater payload capability. With increased economy class seating, up to 498 passengers could be carried in early versions and up to 550 in later models.[79]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u65e5\u672c\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u4e3b\u8981\u57ce\u5e02\u4e4b\u95f4\u56fd\u5185\u822a\u7ebf\u7684\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u98de\u673a\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u65e5\u672c\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u4e3b\u8981\u57ce\u5e02\u4e4b\u95f4\u56fd\u5185\u822a\u7ebf\u7684\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u98de\u673a\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86747SR\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f747-100\u7684\u77ed\u7a0b\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u71c3\u6cb9\u5bb9\u91cf\u548c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8f7d\u91cd\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8231\u5ea7\u4f4d\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7248\u672c\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u642d\u8f7d498\u540d\u4e58\u5ba2\uff0c\u540e\u671f\u7248\u672c\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u642d\u8f7d550\u540d\u4e58\u5ba2\u3002[79]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The 747SR had an economic design life objective of 52,000 flights during 20 years of operation, compared to 24,600 flights in 20 years for the standard 747.[136]<\/a> The initial 747SR model, the -100SR, had a strengthened body structure and landing gear to accommodate the added stress accumulated from a greater number of takeoffs and landings.[137]<\/a> Extra structural support was built into the wings, fuselage, and the landing gear along with a 20% reduction in fuel capacity.[138]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a747SR\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u76ee\u6807\u4e3a20\u5e74\u5185\u98de\u884c52,000\u6b21\uff0c\u800c\u6807\u51c6747\u4e3a20\u5e74\u5185\u98de\u884c24,600\u6b21\u3002[136] \u6700\u521d\u7684747SR\u578b\u53f7\uff0c\u5373-100SR\uff0c\u5176\u673a\u8eab\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u8d77\u843d\u67b6\u7ecf\u8fc7\u52a0\u5f3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u56e0\u66f4\u591a\u8d77\u98de\u548c\u964d\u843d\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u5e94\u529b\u3002[137] \u673a\u7ffc\u3001\u673a\u8eab\u548c\u8d77\u843d\u67b6\u4e0a\u90fd\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u652f\u6491\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u71c3\u6cb9\u5bb9\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u4e8620%\u3002[138]<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY- SA 3.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1aOne of the two 747-100BSR with the stretched upper deck (SUD) made for JAL<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8fd9\u67b6\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u5236\u9020\u7684\u4e24\u67b6747-100BSR\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u62c9\u4f38\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\uff08SUD\uff09\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aJapan Airlines had some of their late-build B747-100’s built with the -300 series stretched upper deck for use on high density domestic services. KLM were the only other airline to have some of their B747-200’s modified to ‘SUD’ standard.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u65e5\u672c\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u540e\u671f\u5efa\u9020\u7684B747-100\u578b\u98de\u673a\u91c7\u7528\u4e86-300\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u62c9\u4f38\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u56fd\u5185\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u8377\u5170\u7687\u5bb6\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u5bb6\u5c06\u5176\u90e8\u5206B747-200\u578b\u98de\u673a\u6539\u88c5\u4e3a\u201cSUD\u201d\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aKen Fielding<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u6309\u65e5\u672c\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u800c\u5728747-100\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7814\u53d1\u4e00\u6b3e\u77ed\u7a0b\u7528\u5ba2\u673a747-100SR\uff08Short Range\uff09\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u673a\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u62b5\u53d7\u9891\u5bc6\u7684\u8d77\u964d\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u71c3\u6599\u7f38\u5e76\u589e\u52a0\u8f7d\u5ba2\u91cf\u81f3498\u4eba\uff0c\u540e\u671f\u66f4\u53ef\u9ad8\u8fbe550\u4eba\uff08\u5168\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8231\uff09[72]<\/a>\u3002\u7531\u4e8e747-100SR\u7684\u71c3\u6cb9\u8d1f\u8f7d\u91cf\u5c11\u4e8620%\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u591a\u51fa\u7684\u7a7a\u91cf\u80fd\u591f\u5f3a\u5316\u673a\u7ffc\u3001\u673a\u8eab\u548c\u673a\u8f6e\u7ed3\u6784[112]<\/a>\u3002747-100SR\u57281973\u5e7410\u67087\u65e5\u6295\u5165\u670d\u52a1[36]<\/a>\uff0c\u81f31975\u5e74\u5171\u751f\u4ea77\u67b6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e03\u67b6747SR\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8d77\u98de\u91cd\u91cf\u4e3a520,000\u82f1\u78c5\uff08240,000\u5343\u514b\uff09\uff0c\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u4e3a\u63a8\u529b\u51cf\u81f343,000\u82f1\u78c5\u529b\uff08190,000\u725b\u987f\uff09\u7684JT9D-7A\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9\u65e5\u672c\u822a\u7a7a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1978\u5e74\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u5728747-100SR\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u63a8\u51fa\u7ed3\u6784\u52a0\u5f3a\u3001\u6700\u5927\u8d77\u98de\u91cd\u91cf\u66f4\u5927\u7684747-100BSR\uff0c\u8be5\u578b\u53f7\u4e8e1978\u5e7411\u67083\u65e5\u9996\u98de\uff0c\u9996\u4e24\u67b6\u540c\u5e7412\u6708\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9\u5168\u65e5\u672c\u7a7a\u8f93<\/a>\uff0c\u5168\u65e5\u7a7a\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a-100BSR\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u81ea1979\u5e741\u670825\u65e5\u81f32006\u5e743\u670810\u65e5\u5171\u8ba1\u8fd0\u842517\u67b6\u8be5\u578b\u673a[113]<\/a>\uff0c\u4e14\u5168\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528CF6-45A2\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u800c\u65e5\u822a\u4e5f\u66fe\u8fd0\u84253\u67b6\u88c5\u6709JT9D\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7684-100BSR\u3002\u540e\u6765\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u66f4\u7814\u5236\u51fa747-300SR\u548c747-400D\uff0c\u7686\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u5185\u7ebf\u4e13\u7528\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u89c4\u683c\u673a\u79cd[114]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ANA operated this variant on domestic Japanese routes with 455 or 456 seats until retiring its last aircraft in March 2006.[141]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5168\u65e5\u7a7a\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u8fd0\u8425\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u79cd\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u65e5\u672c\u822a\u7ebf\uff0c\u6709455\u6216456\u4e2a\u5ea7\u4f4d\uff0c\u76f4\u52302006\u5e743\u6708\u9000\u5f79\u5176\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u5171\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4e86\u4e24\u67b6747-100SUD\uff08\u4e0a\u5c42\u5ba2\u8231\u589e\u957f\u5e76\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u5bf9\u9003\u751f\u95e8\uff0c\u540e\u6765747-300\/400\u6807\u51c6\u7248\u5747\u6cbf\u7528\u4e86\u8be5\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff09\u6765\u7ed9\u65e5\u672c\u822a\u7a7a<\/a>\u4ee5\u5bb9\u7eb3\u66f4\u591a\u4e58\u5ba2[115]<\/a>[116]<\/a>\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u822a\u7a7a\u4f5c\u8fd0\u8425\u7684747-100SR\/SUD\u7684\u8f7d\u5ba2\u91cf\u9ad8\u8fbe563\u4eba\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u67b6\u57282006\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b63\u9000\u5f79\u3002\u800c\u5168\u65e5\u7a7a<\/a>\u66fe\u8fd0\u8425\u4e0d\u5c11747SR\uff0c\u8f7d\u5ba2\u91cf\u4e3a455\u81f3456\u4eba\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u67b6\u57282006\u5e743\u670810\u65e5\u9000\u5f79[117]<\/a>\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u822a\u7a7a\u548c\u65e5\u7ebf\u822a\u7a7a<\/a>\u66fe\u8fd0\u8425747-300SR\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u56fd\u5185\u7ebf\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u4e9a\u6d32<\/a>\u822a\u7ebf\uff0c\u5df2\u4e8e2009\u5e747\u6708\u9000\u5f79\u3002\u4e00\u67b6747-100SR\uff08\u539f\u65e5\u822a<\/a>JA8117\uff09\u7531\u7f8e\u56fdNASA<\/a>\u6539\u88c5\u4e3a\u53ef\u80cc\u8d1f\u822a\u5929\u98de\u673a<\/a>\u98de\u884c\u7684SCA<\/a>\uff08\u822a\u5929\u98de\u673a\u8fd0\u8f93\u673a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.3 747-100B<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n
\n
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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaGFDL 1.2\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\n

\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aIran Air Boeing 747-100B
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4f0a\u6717\u822a\u7a7a\u7684\u6ce2\u97f3747-100B<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aChris Lofting<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

The 747-100B model was developed from the -100SR, using its stronger airframe and landing gear design. The type had an increased fuel capacity of 48,070 US gal (182,000 L), allowing for a 5,000-nautical-mile (9,300 km; 5,800 mi) range with a typical 452-passenger payload, and an increased MTOW of 750,000 lb (340 t) was offered. The first -100B order, one aircraft for Iran Air<\/a>, was announced on June 1, 1978. This version first flew on June 20, 1979, received FAA certification on August 1, 1979, and was delivered the next day.[144]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6ce2\u97f3747-1\u6ce2\u97f3747-100B\u578b\u98de\u673a\u662f\u7531-100SR\u578b\u53f7\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u673a\u8eab\u548c\u8d77\u843d\u67b6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u8be5\u578b\u53f7\u7684\u71c3\u6cb9\u5bb9\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u4e8648,070\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u4ed1\uff08182,000\u5347\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u5178\u578b\u7684452\u540d\u4e58\u5ba2\u8f7d\u8377\u4e0b\uff0c\u822a\u7a0b\u53ef\u8fbe5,000\u6d77\u91cc\uff089,300\u516c\u91cc\uff1b5,800\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u8d77\u98de\u91cd\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u5230750,000\u78c5\uff08340\u5428\uff09\u30021978\u5e746\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u9996\u67b6-100B\u8ba2\u5355\uff08\u4e00\u67b6\u4f9b\u4f0a\u6717\u822a\u7a7a\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\u5ba3\u5e03\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7248\u672c\u4e8e1979\u5e746\u670820\u65e5\u9996\u6b21\u98de\u884c\uff0c\u4e8e1979\u5e748\u67081\u65e5\u83b7\u5f97\u8054\u90a6\u822a\u7a7a\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e\u6b21\u65e5\u4ea4\u4ed8\u3002[144]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nine -100Bs were built, one for Iran Air<\/a> and eight for Saudi Arabian Airlines<\/a>.[145]<\/a>[146]<\/a> Unlike the original -100, the -100B was offered with Pratt & Whitney JT9D-7A, CF6-50, or Rolls-Royce<\/a> RB211-524<\/a> engines. However, only RB211-524 (Saudia) and JT9D-7A (Iran Air) engines were ordered.[147]<\/a> The last 747-100B, EP-IAM was retired by Iran Air in 2014, the last commercial operator of the 747-100 and -100B.[148]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5171\u751f\u4ea7\u4e86\u4e5d\u67b6-100B\uff0c\u4e00\u67b6\u4f9b\u4f0a\u6717\u822a\u7a7a\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u516b\u67b6\u4f9b\u6c99\u7279\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u4f7f\u7528\u3002[145][146]\u4e0e\u6700\u521d\u7684-100\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c-100B\u63d0\u4f9b\u666e\u60e0JT9D-7A\u3001CF6-50\u6216\u52b3\u65af\u83b1\u65afRB211-524\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53ea\u6709RB211-524\uff08\u6c99\u7279\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\uff09\u548cJT9D-7A\uff08\u4f0a\u6717\u822a\u7a7a\uff09\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u88ab\u8ba2\u8d2d\u3002[147]\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u67b6747-100B\uff0cEP-IAM\u4e8e2014\u5e74\u7531\u4f0a\u6717\u822a\u7a7a\u9000\u5f79\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5bb6\u4f7f\u7528747-100\u548c-100B\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u3002[148]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.4 747SP<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Main article:<\/em> Boeing 747SP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 3.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\n

\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aBoeing 747SP of Korean Air Lines at Basle Airport
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5927\u97e9\u822a\u7a7a\u7684\u6ce2\u97f3747SP\u5728\u5df4\u585e\u5c14\u673a\u573a<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aEduard Marmet<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

The development of the 747SP stemmed from a joint request between Pan American World Airways and Iran Air, who were looking for a high-capacity airliner with enough range to cover Pan Am’s New York\u2013Middle Eastern routes and Iran Air’s planned Tehran\u2013New York route. The Tehran\u2013New York route, when launched, was the longest non-stop<\/a> commercial flight in the world. The 747SP is 48 feet 4 inches (14.73 m) shorter than the 747-100. Fuselage sections were eliminated fore and aft of the wing, and the center section of the fuselage was redesigned to fit mating fuselage sections. The SP’s flaps used a simplified single-slotted configuration.[149]<\/a>[150]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a747SP\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6e90\u4e8e\u6cdb\u7f8e\u4e16\u754c\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u4f0a\u6717\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684\u5ba2\u673a\uff0c\u5176\u822a\u7a0b\u8db3\u4ee5\u8986\u76d6\u6cdb\u7f8e\u7684\u7ebd\u7ea6\u81f3\u4e2d\u4e1c\u822a\u7ebf\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f0a\u6717\u822a\u7a7a\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5fb7\u9ed1\u5170\u81f3\u7ebd\u7ea6\u822a\u7ebf\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u6761\u822a\u7ebf\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u957f\u7684\u76f4\u98de\u5546\u4e1a\u822a\u73ed\u3002747SP\u6bd4747-100\u77ed48\u82f1\u5c3a4\u82f1\u5bf8\uff0814.73\u7c73\uff09\u3002\u673a\u8eab\u524d\u540e\u90e8\u5206\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\uff0c\u673a\u8eab\u4e2d\u90e8\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u5339\u914d\u7684\u673a\u8eab\u90e8\u5206\u3002SP\u7684\u895f\u7ffc\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u5355\u69fd\u914d\u7f6e\u3002[149][150]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The 747SP, compared to earlier variants, had a tapering of the aft upper fuselage into the empennage<\/a>, a double-hinged rudder, and longer vertical and horizontal stabilizers.[151]<\/a> Power was provided by Pratt & Whitney JT9D-7(A\/F\/J\/FW) or Rolls-Royce RB211-524 engines.[152]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e0e\u65e9\u671f\u7248\u672c\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c747SP\u7684\u540e\u4e0a\u673a\u8eab\u9010\u6e10\u53d8\u7ec6\u5230\u5c3e\u7ffc\uff0c\u53cc\u94f0\u63a5\u65b9\u5411\u8235\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u957f\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u548c\u6c34\u5e73\u7a33\u5b9a\u5668\u3002[151]\u52a8\u529b\u7531\u666e\u60e0JT9D-7(A\/F\/J\/FW)\u6216\u52b3\u65af\u83b1\u65afRB211-524\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002[152]<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaGFDL 1.2\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\n

\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aAn Air Namibia Boeing 747SP-44 at Frankfurt Airport (FRA\/EDDF)
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e00\u67b6\u7eb3\u7c73\u6bd4\u4e9a\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u6ce2\u97f3747SP-44\u5728\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u798f\u673a\u573a(FRA\/EDDF)<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aTorsten Maiwald<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

The 747SP was granted a type certificate on February 4, 1976, and entered service with launch customers Pan Am and Iran Air that same year.[150]<\/a> The aircraft was chosen by airlines wishing to serve major airports with short runways.[153]<\/a> A total of 45 747SPs were built,[134]<\/a> with the 44th 747SP delivered on August 30, 1982. In 1987, Boeing re-opened the 747SP production line after five years to build one last 747SP for an order by the United Arab Emirates government.[150]<\/a> In addition to airline use, one 747SP was modified for the NASA<\/a>\/German Aerospace Center<\/a> SOFIA<\/a> experiment.[154]<\/a> Iran Air is the last civil operator of the type; its final 747-SP (EP-IAC) was to be retired in June 2016.[155]<\/a>[156]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a747SP\u4e8e1976\u5e742\u67084\u65e5\u83b7\u5f97\u578b\u53f7\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e\u540c\u5e74\u4e0e\u542f\u52a8\u5ba2\u6237\u6cdb\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u4f0a\u6717\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u4e00\u8d77\u6295\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\u3002[150] \u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u5e0c\u671b\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u673a\u573a\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u573a\u8dd1\u9053\u8f83\u77ed\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u98de\u673a\u3002[153] \u5171\u751f\u4ea7\u4e8645\u67b6747SP\uff0c[134] \u7b2c44\u67b6747SP\u4e8e1982\u5e748\u670830\u65e5\u4ea4\u4ed8\u30021987\u5e74\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u4e94\u5e74\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u653e\u4e86747SP\u751f\u4ea7\u7ebf\uff0c\u4e3a\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8054\u5408\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8ba2\u5355\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u67b6747SP\u3002[150] \u9664\u4e86\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u67b6747SP\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u822a\u7a7a\u822a\u5929\u5c40\/\u5fb7\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u822a\u5929\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684SOFIA\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002[154] Iran Air\u662f\u8be5\u578b\u53f7\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u7528\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\uff1b\u5176\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u67b6747-SP\uff08EP-IAC\uff09\u8ba1\u5212\u4e8e2016\u5e746\u6708\u9000\u5f79\u3002[155][156]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.5 747-200<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n
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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaGFDL 1.2\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aMost 747-200s had ten windows per side on the upper deck
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5927\u591a\u6570747-200\u578b\u98de\u673a\u5728\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\u6bcf\u4fa7\u670910\u4e2a\u7a97\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aAldo Bidini<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 3.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a1976\u5e74\uff0c\u5317\u6b27\u822a\u7a7a\u4e00\u67b6\u6ce2\u97f3747-283B\u5728\u65af\u5fb7\u54e5\u5c14\u6469\u963f\u5170\u8fbe\u673a\u573a\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u5176\u4e0a\u5c42\u7a97\u53e3\u4ecd\u4e3a\u6bcf\u8fb93\u4e2a<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u539f\u4e0a\u4f20\u8005\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684Brorsson<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaGFDL 1.2\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u5317\u6b27\u822a\u7a7a\u7684\u6ce2\u97f3747-200BM\u5ba2\u8d27\u6df7\u5408\u673a\uff0c\u56fe\u4e2d\u98de\u673a\u4e3a\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u5236\u9020\u7684\u7b2c500\u67b6747<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aJon Proctor<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

While the 747-100 powered by Pratt & Whitney JT9D-3A<\/a> engines offered enough payload and range for medium-haul operations, it was marginal for long-haul route sectors. The demand for longer range aircraft with increased payload quickly led to the improved -200, which featured more powerful engines, increased MTOW, and greater range than the -100. A few early -200s retained the three-window configuration of the -100 on the upper deck, but most were built with a ten-window configuration on each side.[157]<\/a> The 747-200 was produced in passenger (-200B), freighter (-200F), convertible (-200C), and combi (-200M) versions.[158]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u7531\u666e\u60e0JT9D-3A\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u9a71\u52a8\u7684747-100\u578b\u98de\u673a\u5728\u4e2d\u7a0b\u8fd0\u8425\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8f7d\u8377\u548c\u822a\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u957f\u9014\u822a\u7ebf\u6765\u8bf4\u5374\u6709\u4e9b\u52c9\u5f3a\u3002\u5bf9\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u957f\u822a\u7a0b\u548c\u66f4\u5927\u8f7d\u8377\u7684\u98de\u673a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u8fc5\u901f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6539\u8fdb\u7684-200\u578b\u98de\u673a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u6700\u5927\u8d77\u98de\u91cd\u91cf\uff08MTOW\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6bd4-100\u578b\u98de\u673a\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u822a\u7a0b\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u7684-200\u578b\u98de\u673a\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86-100\u578b\u98de\u673a\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\u7684\u4e09\u7a97\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u6bcf\u4fa7\u5341\u7a97\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002[157] 747-200\u578b\u98de\u673a\u6709\u5ba2\u8fd0\uff08-200B\uff09\u3001\u8d27\u8fd0\uff08-200F\uff09\u3001\u53ef\u8f6c\u6362\uff08-200C\uff09\u548c\u7ec4\u5408\uff08-200M\uff09\u7248\u672c\u3002[158]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The 747-200B was the basic passenger version, with increased fuel capacity and more powerful engines; it entered service in February 1971.[83]<\/a> In its first three years of production, the -200 was equipped with Pratt & Whitney JT9D<\/a>-7 engines (initially the only engine available). Range with a full passenger load started at over 5,000 nmi (9,300 km; 5,800 mi) and increased to 6,000 nmi (11,000 km; 6,900 mi) with later engines. Most -200Bs had an internally stretched upper deck, allowing for up to 16 passenger seats.[159]<\/a> The freighter model, the 747-200F, had a hinged nose cargo door and could be fitted with an optional side cargo door,[83]<\/a> and had a capacity of 105 tons (95.3 tonnes) and an MTOW of up to 833,000 pounds (378 t). It entered service in 1972 with Lufthansa.[160]<\/a> The convertible version, the 747-200C, could be converted between a passenger and a freighter or used in mixed configurations,[79]<\/a> and featured removable seats and a nose cargo door.[83]<\/a> The -200C could also be outfitted with an optional side cargo door on the main deck.[161]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a747-200B\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u5ba2\u8fd0\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u71c3\u6cb9\u5bb9\u91cf\u548c\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\uff1b\u5b83\u4e8e1971\u5e742\u6708\u6295\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\u3002[83]\u5728\u6700\u521d\u7684\u4e09\u5e74\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\uff0c-200\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u666e\u60e0JT9D-7\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\uff08\u6700\u521d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\uff09\u3002\u6ee1\u8f7d\u4e58\u5ba2\u65f6\uff0c\u822a\u7a0b\u4ece5,000\u6d77\u91cc\uff089,300\u516c\u91cc\uff1b5,800\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u589e\u52a0\u52306,000\u6d77\u91cc\uff0811,000\u516c\u91cc\uff1b6,900\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570-200Bs\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u90e8\u5ef6\u4f38\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u5bb9\u7eb316\u4e2a\u4e58\u5ba2\u5ea7\u4f4d\u3002[159]\u8d27\u8fd0\u578b\u53f7747-200F\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u94f0\u94fe\u5f0f\u9f3b\u5b50\u8d27\u8231\u95e8\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u88c5\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u4fa7\u8d27\u8231\u95e8\uff0c[83]\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a105\u5428\uff0895.3\u5428\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u8d77\u98de\u91cd\u91cf\u53ef\u8fbe833,000\u78c5\uff08378\u5428\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u4e8e1972\u5e74\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c49\u838e\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u4e00\u8d77\u6295\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\u3002[160]\u8f6c\u6362\u578b747-200C\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5ba2\u8fd0\u548c\u8d27\u8fd0\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u6362\u6216\u7528\u4e8e\u6df7\u5408\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c[79]\u5e76\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u62c6\u5378\u5ea7\u6905\u548c\u9f3b\u5b50\u8d27\u8231\u95e8\u3002[83] -200C\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e3b\u7532\u677f\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u4fa7\u8d27\u8231\u95e8\u3002[161]<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaGFDL 1.2\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u9999\u6e2f\u534e\u6c11\u822a\u7a7a\u7684\u6ce2\u97f3747-200F<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aTorsten Maiwald<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u4f0a\u6717\u822a\u7a7a\u7684\u6ce2\u97f3747-200C\uff1b\u8be5\u673a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540e\u671f\u578b747-200\uff0c\u6545HF\u5929\u7ebf\u5df2\u79fb\u4f4d<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aN509FZ<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

The combi aircraft<\/a> model, the 747-200M (originally designated 747-200BC), could carry freight in the rear section of the main deck via a side cargo door. A removable partition on the main deck separated the cargo area at the rear from the passengers at the front. The -200M could carry up to 238 passengers in a three-class configuration with cargo carried on the main deck. The model was also known as the 747-200 Combi.[83]<\/a> As on the -100, a stretched upper deck (SUD) modification was later offered. A total of 10 747-200s operated by KLM<\/a> were converted.[83]<\/a> Union de Transports A\u00e9riens<\/a> (UTA) also had two aircraft converted.[162]<\/a>[163]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a747-200M\uff08\u6700\u521d\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a747-200BC\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u7ec4\u5408\u98de\u673a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fa7\u8d27\u8231\u95e8\u5728\u4e3b\u7532\u677f\u540e\u90e8\u643a\u5e26\u8d27\u7269\u3002\u4e3b\u7532\u677f\u4e0a\u7684\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u9694\u677f\u5c06\u540e\u90e8\u7684\u8d27\u7269\u533a\u57df\u4e0e\u524d\u90e8\u7684\u4e58\u5ba2\u5206\u5f00\u3002\u5728\u4e09\u8231\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0b\uff0c747-200M\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u642d\u8f7d238\u540d\u4e58\u5ba2\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e3b\u7532\u677f\u4e0a\u643a\u5e26\u8d27\u7269\u3002\u8be5\u578b\u53f7\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a747-200 Combi\u3002[83] \u4e0e-100\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5ef6\u957f\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\uff08SUD\uff09\u6539\u88c5\u3002\u8377\u5170\u7687\u5bb6\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u8fd0\u8425\u768410\u67b6747-200\u4e2d\uff0c\u670910\u67b6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6539\u88c5\u3002[83] \u6cd5\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u8fd0\u8f93\u8054\u76df\uff08UTA\uff09\u4e5f\u6709\u4e24\u67b6\u98de\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6539\u88c5\u3002[162][163]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After launching the -200 with Pratt & Whitney JT9D-7 engines, on August 1, 1972, Boeing announced that it had reached an agreement with General Electric to certify the 747 with CF6-50 series engines to increase the aircraft’s market potential. Rolls-Royce followed 747 engine production with a launch order from British Airways<\/a> for four aircraft. The option of RB211-524B engines was announced on June 17, 1975.[147]<\/a>The -200 was the first 747 to provide a choice of powerplant from the three major engine manufacturers.[164]<\/a> In 1976, its unit cost was US$39M (200.6M today).
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u57281972\u5e748\u67081\u65e5\u63a8\u51fa\u88c5\u6709\u666e\u60e0JT9D-7\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7684-200\u578b\u98de\u673a\u540e\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e0e\u901a\u7528\u7535\u6c14\u8fbe\u6210\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5bf9747\u8fdb\u884cCF6-50\u7cfb\u5217\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u8be5\u98de\u673a\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u6f5c\u529b\u3002\u52b3\u65af\u83b1\u65af\u7d27\u968f\u5176\u540e\uff0c\u63a5\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u56db\u67b6\u98de\u673a\u8ba2\u5355\u30021975\u5e746\u670817\u65e5\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e86RB211-524B\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u9009\u9879\u3002[147] -200\u578b\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b3e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e09\u5bb6\u4e3b\u8981\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u5236\u9020\u5546\u52a8\u529b\u88c5\u7f6e\u9009\u62e9\u7684747\u98de\u673a\u3002[164] 1976\u5e74\uff0c\u5176\u5355\u4f4d\u6210\u672c\u4e3a3900\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff08\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4eca\u5929\u76842.006\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A total of 393 of the 747-200 versions had been built when production ended in 1991.[165]<\/a> Of these, 225 were -200B, 73 were -200F, 13 were -200C, 78 were -200M, and 4 were military.[166]<\/a> Iran Air retired the last passenger 747-200 in May 2016, 36 years after it was delivered.[167]<\/a>As of July 2019, five 747-200s remain in service as freighters.[168]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u57281991\u5e74\u505c\u4ea7\u65f6\uff0c\u5171\u751f\u4ea7\u4e86747-200\u578b\u98de\u673a393\u67b6\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c225\u67b6\u662f-200B\u578b\uff0c73\u67b6\u662f-200F\u578b\uff0c13\u67b6\u662f-200C\u578b\uff0c78\u67b6\u662f-200M\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u67094\u67b6\u662f\u519b\u7528\u578b\u3002\u4f0a\u6717\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u4e8e2016\u5e745\u6708\u9000\u5f79\u4e86\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u67b6747-200\u5ba2\u673a\uff0c\u8ddd\u79bb\u8be5\u673a\u4ea4\u4ed8\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8636\u5e74\u3002\u622a\u81f32019\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u4ecd\u67095\u67b6747-200\u578b\u98de\u673a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d27\u673a\u7ee7\u7eed\u670d\u5f79\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.6 747-300<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n
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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 3.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u822a\u7a7a\u7684\u6ce2\u97f3747-300BIG TOP\u5ba2\u673a<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aCommuni core by S.Fujioka<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n

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\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u65e5\u7ebf\u822a\u7a7a\u7684747-346SR\uff08\u540e\u6613\u624b\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6d32\u9645\u822a\u7a7a\uff09<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aShacho0822<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

The 747-300 features a 23-foot-4-inch-longer (7.11 m) upper deck than the -200.[84]<\/a> The stretched upper deck (SUD) has two emergency exit doors and is the most visible difference between the -300 and previous models.[169]<\/a> After being made standard on the 747-300, the SUD was offered as a retrofit, and as an option to earlier variants still in-production. An example for a retrofit were two UTA<\/a> -200 Combis being converted in 1986, and an example for the option were two brand-new JAL -100 aircraft (designated -100BSR SUD), the first of which was delivered on March 24, 1986.[82]<\/a>:\u200a68,\u200a92\u200a
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6ce2\u97f3747-300\u578b\u98de\u673a\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\u6bd4747-200\u578b\u957f23\u82f1\u5c3a4\u82f1\u5bf8\uff087.11\u7c73\uff09\u3002[84] \u5ef6\u957f\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\uff08SUD\uff09\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7d27\u6025\u51fa\u53e3\u95e8\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f747-300\u578b\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u578b\u53f7\u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002[169] \u5728747-300\u578b\u4e0a\u6210\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u914d\u7f6e\u540e\uff0cSUD\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6539\u88c5\u9009\u9879\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u4ecd\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u7248\u672c\u30021986\u5e74\uff0c\u4e24\u67b6UTA-200 Combis\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6539\u88c5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6539\u88c5\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u65e5\u822a-100\u98de\u673a\uff08\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a-100BSR SUD\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u67b6\u4e8e1986\u5e743\u670824\u65e5\u4ea4\u4ed8\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u9009\u62e9SUD\u9009\u9879\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002[82]:\u200a68,\u200a92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The 747-300 introduced a new straight stairway to the upper deck, instead of a spiral staircase on earlier variants, which creates room above and below for more seats.[79]<\/a> Minor aerodynamic changes allowed the -300’s cruise speed to reach Mach 0.85 compared with Mach 0.84 on the -200 and -100 models, while retaining the same takeoff weight.[84]<\/a> The -300 could be equipped with the same Pratt & Whitney and Rolls-Royce powerplants as on the -200, as well as updated General Electric CF6<\/a>-80C2B1 engines.[79]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6ce2\u97f3747-300\u578b\u98de\u673a\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u76f4\u6ce2\u97f3747-300\u578b\u98de\u673a\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u76f4\u68af\u5230\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u53d8\u79cd\u7684\u87ba\u65cb\u697c\u68af\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u4e0a\u4e0b\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5ea7\u4f4d\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002[79]\u8f7b\u5fae\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u53d8\u5316\u4f7f\u5f97-300\u578b\u7684\u5de1\u822a\u901f\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u9a6c\u8d6b0.85\uff0c\u800c-200\u548c-100\u578b\u53f7\u7684\u5de1\u822a\u901f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u9a6c\u8d6b0.84\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8d77\u98de\u91cd\u91cf\u3002[84] -300\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e-200\u578b\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u666e\u60e0\u548c\u52b3\u65af\u83b1\u65af\u52a8\u529b\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u901a\u7528\u7535\u6c14CF6-80C2B1\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u3002[79]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Swissair placed the first order for the 747-300 on June 11, 1980.[170]<\/a> The variant revived the 747-300 designation, which had been previously used on a design study that did not reach production. The 747-300 first flew on October 5, 1982, and the type’s first delivery went to Swissair on March 23, 1983.[37]<\/a> In 1982, its unit cost was US$83M (251.7M today). Besides the passenger model, two other versions (-300M, -300SR) were produced.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u745e\u58eb\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u4e8e1980\u5e746\u670811\u65e5\u9996\u6b21\u8ba2\u8d2d\u4e86747-300\u578b\u98de\u673a\u3002[170]\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u4f53\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u7528\u4e86747-300\u7684\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u6b64\u524d\u8be5\u540d\u79f0\u66fe\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u9879\u672a\u6295\u4ea7\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7814\u7a76\u3002747-300\u4e8e1982\u5e7410\u67085\u65e5\u9996\u6b21\u98de\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1983\u5e743\u670823\u65e5\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9\u745e\u58eb\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u3002[37] 1982\u5e74\uff0c\u5176\u5355\u4f4d\u6210\u672c\u4e3a8300\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff08\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4eca\u5929\u76842.517\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5ba2\u8fd0\u578b\u53f7\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u751f\u4ea7\u4e86\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u79cd\u578b\u53f7\uff08-300M\u548c-300SR\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1aA 747-300, with its stretched upper deck, flying-by the Matterhorn. Swissair took the first
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e00\u67b6747-300\uff0c\u5e26\u7740\u5b83\u52a0\u957f\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\uff0c\u98de\u8fc7\u9a6c\u7279\u6d2a\u5cf0\u3002\u745e\u58eb\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1ade:Georg Gerster, Swissair<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

The 747-300M features cargo capacity on the rear portion of the main deck, similar to the -200M, but with the stretched upper deck it can carry more passengers.[152]<\/a>[171]<\/a> The 747-300SR, a short range, high-capacity domestic model, was produced for Japanese markets with a maximum seating for 584.[172]<\/a> No production freighter version of the 747-300 was built, but Boeing began modifications of used passenger -300 models into freighters in 2000.[173]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a747-300M\u5728\u4e3b\u7532\u677f\u7684\u540e\u90e8\u5177\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c-200M\u7684\u8d27\u8fd0\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5ef6\u957f\u4e86\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u7eb3\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e58\u5ba2\u3002[152][171] 747-300SR\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u77ed\u7a0b\u3001\u9ad8\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u578b\u53f7\uff0c\u4e13\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u5e02\u573a\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u5bb9\u7eb3584\u540d\u4e58\u5ba2\u3002[172]\u6ca1\u6709\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7747-300\u578b\u7684\u8d27\u8fd0\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u4f46\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u57282000\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u7684-300\u578b\u5ba2\u673a\u6539\u88c5\u6210\u8d27\u673a\u3002[173]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A total of 81 747-300<\/a> series aircraft were delivered, 56 for passenger use, 21 -300M and 4 -300SR versions.[174]<\/a> In 1985, just two years after the -300 entered service, the type was superseded by the announcement of the more advanced 747-400.[175]<\/a> The last 747-300 was delivered in September 1990 to Sabena<\/a>.[79]<\/a>[176]<\/a> While some -300 customers continued operating the type, several large carriers replaced their 747-300s with 747-400s. Air France<\/a>, Air India<\/a>, Pakistan International Airlines<\/a>, and Qantas<\/a> were some of the last major carriers to operate the 747-300.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5171\u670981\u67b6747-300\u7cfb\u5217\u98de\u673a\u4ea4\u4ed8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d56\u67b6\u7528\u4e8e\u5ba2\u8fd0\uff0c21\u67b6\u4e3a-300M\u7248\u672c\uff0c4\u67b6\u4e3a-300SR\u7248\u672c\u3002[174] 1985\u5e74\uff0c\u5373-300\u5f00\u59cb\u670d\u5f79\u4ec5\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e86\u66f4\u5148\u8fdb\u7684747-400\u578b\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86747-300\u3002[175] \u6700\u540e\u4e00\u67b6747-300\u4e8e1990\u5e749\u6708\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9Sabena\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u3002[79][176] \u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e00\u4e9b747-300\u5ba2\u6237\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u8425\u8fd9\u79cd\u578b\u53f7\uff0c\u4f46\u51e0\u5bb6\u5927\u578b\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u5c06\u5176747-300\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a747-400\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u822a\u7a7a\u3001\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u56fd\u9645\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u6fb3\u822a\u662f\u6700\u540e\u51e0\u5bb6\u8fd0\u8425747-300\u7684\u5927\u578b\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On December 29, 2008, Qantas flew its last scheduled 747-300 service, operating from Melbourne to Los Angeles via Auckland<\/a>.[177]<\/a> In July 2015, Pakistan International Airlines retired their final 747-300 after 30 years of service.[178]<\/a> As of July 2019, only two 747-300s remain in commercial service, with Mahan Air<\/a> (1) and TransAVIAexport Airlines<\/a> (1).[168]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a2008\u5e7412\u670829\u65e5\uff0c\u6fb3\u822a\u5728\u5176\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u8d9f\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\u7684747-300\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u4ece\u58a8\u5c14\u672c\u98de\u5f80\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u7ecf\u5965\u514b\u5170\u3002[177] 2015\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u56fd\u9645\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u670d\u5f7930\u5e74\u540e\u9000\u5f79\u4e86\u5176\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u67b6747-300\u3002[178] \u622a\u81f32019\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u67b6747-300\u4ecd\u5728\u5546\u4e1a\u8fd0\u8425\u4e2d\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662fMahan Air\uff081\u67b6\uff09\u548cTransAVIAexport Airlines\uff081\u67b6\uff09\u3002[168]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.7 747-400<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Main article:<\/em> Boeing 747-400<\/a>
\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u6ce2\u97f3747-400<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1aThe improved 747-400, featuring canted winglets, entered service in February 1989 with Northwest Airlines
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6539\u8fdb\u578b747-400\u4ee5\u503e\u659c\u5c0f\u7ffc\u4e3a\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u4e8e1989\u5e742\u6708\u5728\u897f\u5317\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u6295\u5165\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aCory W. Watts from Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n

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\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aBritish Airways Boeing 747-400 (G-BNLE) takes off from London Heathrow Airport, England. The undercarriages are retracting.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6ce2\u97f3747-400\uff08G-BNLE\uff09\u4ece\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u4f26\u6566\u5e0c\u601d\u7f57\u673a\u573a\u8d77\u98de\u3002\u8d77\u843d\u67b6\u6b63\u5728\u6536\u56de\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aAdrian Pingstone<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

The 747-400 is an improved model with increased range. It has wingtip extensions of 6 ft (1.8 m) and winglets<\/a> of 6 ft (1.8 m), which improve the type’s fuel efficiency<\/a> by four percent compared to previous 747 versions.[179]<\/a> The 747-400 introduced a new glass cockpit designed for a flight crew of two instead of three, with a reduction in the number of dials, gauges and knobs from 971 to 365 through the use of electronics. The type also features tail fuel tanks, revised engines, and a new interior. The longer range has been used by some airlines to bypass traditional fuel stops, such as Anchorage<\/a>.[180]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6ce2\u97f3747-400\u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u6539\u8fdb\u578b\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u957f\u7684\u822a\u7a0b\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u7ffc\u5c16\u5ef6\u4f38\u4e866\u82f1\u5c3a\uff081.8\u7c73\uff09\uff0c\u673a\u7ffc\u5c16\u90e8\u67096\u82f1\u5c3a\uff081.8\u7c73\uff09\u7684\u7ffc\u5c16\u5c0f\u7ffc\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684747\u578b\u53f7\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5c06\u71c3\u6cb9\u6548\u7387\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e864%\u3002[179] 747-400\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u9a7e\u9a76\u8231\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u4e24\u540d\u4e58\u52a1\u5458\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e09\u540d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u8bbe\u5907\u5c06\u4eea\u8868\u3001\u4eea\u8868\u76d8\u548c\u65cb\u94ae\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4ece971\u4e2a\u51cf\u5c11\u5230365\u4e2a\u3002\u8fd9\u6b3e\u98de\u673a\u8fd8\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u5c3e\u7f6e\u6cb9\u7bb1\u3001\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u9970\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u5229\u7528\u5176\u66f4\u957f\u7684\u822a\u7a0b\u6765\u7ed5\u8fc7\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u71c3\u6cb9\u8865\u7ed9\u7ad9\uff0c\u5982\u5b89\u514b\u96f7\u5947\u3002[180]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A 747-400 loaded with 126,000 pounds (57,000 kg) of fuel flying 3,500 miles (3,000 nmi; 5,600 km) consumes an average of 5 US gallons per mile (12 L\/km).[181]<\/a>[182]<\/a> Powerplants include the Pratt & Whitney PW4062<\/a>, General Electric CF6-80C2, and Rolls-Royce RB211-524.[183]<\/a> As a result of the Boeing 767 development overlapping with the 747-400’s development, both aircraft can use the same three powerplants and are even interchangeable between the two aircraft models.[184]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e00\u67b6\u6ee1\u8f7d126,000\u78c5\uff0857,000\u516c\u65a4\uff09\u71c3\u6cb9\u3001\u98de\u884c3,500\u82f1\u91cc\uff083,000\u6d77\u91cc\uff1b5,600\u516c\u91cc\uff09\u7684747-400\u5e73\u5747\u6d88\u80175\u52a0\u4ed1\/\u82f1\u91cc\uff0812\u5347\/\u516c\u91cc\uff09\u7684\u71c3\u6cb9\u3002[181][182] \u52a8\u529b\u88c5\u7f6e\u5305\u62ec\u666e\u60e0PW4062\u3001\u901a\u7528\u7535\u6c14CF6-80C2\u548c\u52b3\u65af\u83b1\u65afRB211-524\u3002[183] \u7531\u4e8e\u6ce2\u97f3767\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u4e0e747-400\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u91cd\u53e0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u98de\u673a\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u52a8\u529b\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u98de\u673a\u578b\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u6362\u3002[184]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The -400 was offered in passenger (-400), freighter (-400F), combi (-400M), domestic (-400D), extended range passenger (-400ER), and extended range freighter (-400ERF) versions. Passenger versions retain the same upper deck as the -300, while the freighter version does not have an extended upper deck.[185]<\/a> The 747-400D was built for short-range operations with maximum seating for 624. Winglets were not included, but they can be retrofitted.[186]<\/a>[187]<\/a> Cruising speed is up to Mach 0.855 on different versions of the 747-400.[183]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a747-400\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e58\u5ba2\uff08-400\uff09\u3001\u8d27\u8fd0\uff08-400F\uff09\u3001\u7ec4\u5408\uff08-400M\uff09\u3001\u56fd\u5185\uff08-400D\uff09\u3001\u5ef6\u957f\u822a\u7a0b\u4e58\u5ba2\uff08-400ER\uff09\u548c\u5ef6\u957f\u822a\u7a0b\u8d27\u8fd0\uff08-400ERF\uff09\u7248\u672c\u3002\u4e58\u5ba2\u7248\u672c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4e0e-300\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\uff0c\u800c\u8d27\u8fd0\u7248\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u5ef6\u957f\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\u3002[185] 747-400D\u662f\u4e3a\u77ed\u7a0b\u8fd0\u8425\u800c\u5efa\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u5bb9\u7eb3624\u4eba\u3002\u673a\u7ffc\u5c16\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u5185\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u88c5\u3002[186][187] \u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7684747-400\u5de1\u822a\u901f\u5ea6\u9ad8\u8fbe0.855\u9a6c\u8d6b\u3002[183]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The passenger version first entered service in February 1989 with launch customer Northwest Airlines on the Minneapolis to Phoenix route.[188]<\/a> The combi version entered service in September 1989 with KLM, while the freighter version entered service in November 1993 with Cargolux. The 747-400ERF entered service with Air France in October 2002, while the 747-400ER entered service with Qantas,[189]<\/a> its sole customer, in November 2002. In January 2004, Boeing and Cathay Pacific<\/a> launched the Boeing 747-400 Special Freighter program,[190]<\/a> later referred to as the Boeing Converted Freighter (BCF), to modify passenger 747-400s for cargo use. The first 747-400BCF was redelivered in December 2005.[191]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a1989\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3747-400\u5ba2\u673a\u7248\u672c\u9996\u6b21\u6295\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u9996\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u897f\u5317\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u660e\u5c3c\u963f\u6ce2\u5229\u65af\u81f3\u83f2\u5c3c\u514b\u65af\u822a\u7ebf\u3002[188] 1989\u5e749\u6708\uff0cKLM\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528747-400\u8d27\u673a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u8d27\u8fd0\u7248\u672c\u4e8e1993\u5e7411\u6708\u4e0eCargolux\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u4e00\u8d77\u6295\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\u3002747-400ERF\u4e8e2002\u5e7410\u6708\u7531\u6cd5\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u6295\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u800c747-400ER\u4e8e2002\u5e7411\u6708\u7531\u5176\u552f\u4e00\u5ba2\u6237\u6fb3\u6d32\u822a\u7a7a\u6295\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\u30022004\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u56fd\u6cf0\u822a\u7a7a\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u6ce2\u97f3747-400\u7279\u6b8a\u8d27\u8fd0\u9879\u76ee\uff08\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6ce2\u97f3\u6539\u88c5\u8d27\u673a\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e58\u5ba2747-400\u6539\u88c5\u4e3a\u8d27\u8fd0\u7528\u9014\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u67b6747-400BCF\u4e8e2005\u5e7412\u6708\u91cd\u65b0\u4ea4\u4ed8\u3002[191]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In March 2007, Boeing announced that it had no plans to produce further passenger versions of the -400.[192]<\/a> However, orders for 36 -400F and -400ERF freighters were already in place at the time of the announcement.[192]<\/a> The last passenger version of the 747-400 was delivered in April 2005 to China Airlines. Some of the last built 747-400s were delivered with Dreamliner livery along with the modern Signature interior from the Boeing 777<\/a>. A total of 694 of the 747-400 series aircraft were delivered.[134]<\/a> At various times, the largest 747-400 operator has included Singapore Airlines<\/a>,[193]<\/a> Japan Airlines,[193]<\/a> and British Airways.[194]<\/a>[195]<\/a> As of July 2019, 331 Boeing 747-400s were in service;[168]<\/a>there were only 10 Boeing 747-400s in passenger service as of September 2021.[196]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a2007\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u5ba3\u5e03\u5176\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u751f\u4ea7747-400\u7684\u5ba2\u8fd0\u7248\u672c\u3002[192]\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5df2\u670936\u67b6-400F\u548c-400ERF\u8d27\u673a\u7684\u8ba2\u5355\u3002[192]\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u67b6747-400\u7684\u5ba2\u8fd0\u7248\u672c\u4e8e2005\u5e744\u6708\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9\u4e2d\u534e\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u540e\u751f\u4ea7\u7684747-400\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u68a6\u5e7b\u5ba2\u673a\u6d82\u88c5\u548c\u6765\u81ea\u6ce2\u97f3777\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3Signature\u5185\u9970\u3002747-400\u7cfb\u5217\u98de\u673a\u5171\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4e86694\u67b6\u3002[134]\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u7b49\u90fd\u66fe\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684747-400\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u3002[193][195]\u622a\u81f32019\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u6709331\u67b6\u6ce2\u97f3747-400\u5728\u670d\u5f79\uff1b[168]\u622a\u81f32021\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u53ea\u670910\u67b6\u6ce2\u97f3747-400\u7528\u4e8e\u5ba2\u8fd0\u670d\u52a1\u3002[196]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.8 747 LCF Dreamlifter<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Main article:<\/em> Boeing Dreamlifter<\/a>
\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u6ce2\u97f3Dreamlifter<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 2.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u6ce2\u97f3747 LCF<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aNathan Coats from Seattle, WA, United States of America<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce2\u97f3747\u68a6\u5e7b\u8d27\u673a[147]\uff08Dreamlifter\uff0c\u539f\u79f0Large Cargo Freighter\u6216LCF[148]\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u4ee5747-400\u548c747SP\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u7531\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u957f\u8363\u822a\u592a\u79d1\u6280\u5c06747-400\u4e0e747SP\u7ec4\u5408\u4e3a747 LCF\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8fd0\u9001\u6ce2\u97f3787\u7684\u673a\u8eab\u7ec4\u4ef6[149]\u3002747 LCF\u57282006\u5e749\u67089\u65e5\u9996\u98de[150]\uff0c\u8be5\u98de\u673a\u7684\u9002\u822a\u8bc1\u4e66\u53ea\u662f\u4f9b\u98de\u673a\u8fd0\u8d27\u4e4b\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bbe\u5ba2\u8fd0[151]\uff0c\u622a\u81f32010\u5e74\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6539\u88c5\u4e86\u56db\u67b6[148]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.9 747-8<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Main article:<\/em> Boeing 747-8<\/a>
\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u6ce2\u97f3747-8<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 2.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u6c49\u838e\u822a\u7a7a\u7684\u6ce2\u97f3747-8I\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u8237\u7a97\u5df2\u7ecf\u7531747-400\u7684\u65b9\u5f62\u6539\u4e3a\u4e0e777\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5706\u5f62<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aPaul Nelhams from Shannon, Ireland<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY 3.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u7684\u6ce2\u97f3747-8F\uff08\u7531\u4e9a\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u822a\u7a7a\u65d7\u4e0b\u5b50\u516c\u53f8Global Supply Systems\u8425\u8fd0\uff09<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aMilad A380 (talk)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5e7f\u5dde\u6c11\u822a\u804c\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u9662\u82b1\u90fd\u8d64\u576d\u6821\u533a\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u6ce2\u97f3747-8\u7ed3\u6784\u56fe<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u6a59\u5b50\u6728<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Boeing announced a new 747 variant, the 747-8, on November 14, 2005. Referred to as the 747 Advanced prior to its launch, the 747-8 uses similar General Electric GEnx<\/a> engines and cockpit technology to the 787. The variant is designed to be quieter, more economical, and more environmentally friendly. The 747-8’s fuselage is lengthened from 232 feet (71 m) to 251 feet (77 m),[202]<\/a>marking the first stretch variant of the aircraft.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u5728200\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u57282005\u5e7411\u670814\u65e5\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u6b3e\u65b0\u7684747\u53d8\u79cd\u673a\u578b\uff0c\u5373747-8\u3002\u5728\u53d1\u5e03\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b3e\u98de\u673a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a747\u5148\u8fdb\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e0e787\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u901a\u7528\u7535\u6c14GEnx\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u9a7e\u9a76\u8231\u6280\u672f\u3002\u8fd9\u6b3e\u53d8\u79cd\u673a\u578b\u65e8\u5728\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u9759\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u73af\u4fdd\u3002747-8\u7684\u673a\u8eab\u957f\u5ea6\u4ece232\u82f1\u5c3a\uff0871\u7c73\uff09\u5ef6\u957f\u5230251\u82f1\u5c3a\uff0877\u7c73\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u8be5\u7cfb\u5217\u98de\u673a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ef6\u4f38\u53d8\u79cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The 747-8 Freighter, or 747-8F, has 16% more payload capacity than its predecessor, allowing it to carry seven more standard air cargo containers, with a maximum payload capacity 154 tons (140 tonnes<\/a>) of cargo.[203]<\/a> As on previous 747 freighters, the 747-8F features a flip up nose-door, a side-door on the main deck, and a side-door on the lower deck (“belly”) to aid loading and unloading. The 747-8F made its maiden flight on February 8, 2010.[204]<\/a>[205]<\/a> The variant received its amended type certificate<\/a> jointly from the FAA and the European Aviation Safety Agency<\/a> (EASA) on August 19, 2011.[206]<\/a> The -8F was first delivered to Cargolux on October 12, 2011.[207]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6ce2\u97f3747-8\u8d27\u673a\uff08747-8F\uff09\u7684\u8f7d\u8d27\u80fd\u529b\u6bd4\u5176\u524d\u8eab\u589e\u52a0\u4e8616%\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u591a\u88c5\u8f7d7\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u822a\u7a7a\u96c6\u88c5\u7bb1\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u8f7d\u8d27\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a154\u5428\uff08140\u516c\u5428\uff09\u8d27\u7269\u3002[203] \u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684747\u8d27\u673a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c747-8F\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u53ef\u7ffb\u8f6c\u7684\u673a\u5934\u95e8\u3001\u4e3b\u7532\u677f\u4e0a\u7684\u4fa7\u95e8\u548c\u4e0b\u7532\u677f\uff08\u201c\u8179\u90e8\u201d\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u4fa7\u95e8\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u88c5\u5378\u8d27\u7269\u3002747-8F\u4e8e2010\u5e742\u67088\u65e5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9996\u6b21\u8bd5\u98de\u3002[204][205] \u8be5\u578b\u53f7\u98de\u673a\u4e8e2011\u5e748\u670819\u65e5\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u822a\u7a7a\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\uff08FAA\uff09\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u822a\u7a7a\u5b89\u5168\u5c40\uff08EASA\uff09\u8054\u5408\u9881\u53d1\u7684\u4fee\u8ba2\u578b\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002[206] 747-8F\u4e8e2011\u5e7410\u670812\u65e5\u9996\u6b21\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9Cargolux\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u3002[207]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The passenger version, named 747-8 Intercontinental or 747-8I, is designed to carry up to 467 passengers in a 3-class configuration and fly more than 8,000 nautical miles (15,000 km; 9,200 mi) at Mach 0.855. As a derivative of the already common 747-400, the 747-8I has the economic benefit of similar training and interchangeable parts.[208]<\/a> The type’s first test flight occurred on March 20, 2011.[209]<\/a> The 747-8 has surpassed the Airbus A340<\/a>-600 as the world’s longest airliner, a record it would hold until the 777X<\/a>, which first flew in 2020. The first -8I was delivered in May 2012 to Lufthansa.[210]<\/a> The 747-8 has received 155 total orders, including 106 for the -8F and 47 for the -8I as of June 2021.[134]<\/a> The final 747-8F was delivered to Atlas Air on January 31, 2023.[117]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8fd9\u6b3e\u540d\u4e3a747-8\u6d32\u9645\u6216747-8I\u7684\u5ba2\u8fd0\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u642d\u8f7d467\u540d\u4e58\u5ba2\uff0c\u91c7\u75283\u8231\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u57280.855\u9a6c\u8d6b\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0b\u98de\u884c\u8d85\u8fc78000\u6d77\u91cc\uff0815000\u516c\u91cc\uff1b9200\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5e38\u89c1\u7684747-400\u7684\u884d\u751f\u578b\u53f7\uff0c747-8I\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u57f9\u8bad\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u4e92\u6362\u90e8\u4ef6\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002[208]\u8be5\u578b\u53f7\u4e8e2011\u5e743\u670820\u65e5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9996\u6b21\u8bd5\u98de\u3002[209] 747-8\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8fc7\u7a7a\u5ba2A340-600\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u957f\u7684\u5ba2\u673a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7eaa\u5f55\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301\u52302020\u5e74\u9996\u98de\u7684\u6ce2\u97f3777X\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u67b6747-8I\u4e8e2012\u5e745\u6708\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c49\u838e\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u3002[210]\u622a\u81f32021\u5e746\u6708\uff0c747-8\u5171\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86155\u4e2a\u8ba2\u5355\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec106\u67b6747-8F\u548c47\u67b6747-8I\u3002[134]\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u67b6747-8F\u4e8e2023\u5e741\u670831\u65e5\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9Atlas Air\u3002[117]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.10 \u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u5b50\u578b\u53f7 | Government, military, and other variants<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u4e9b747\u7528\u4f5c\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u5e9c\u884c\u653f\u4e13\u673a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u97e9\u56fd\u3001\u571f\u8033\u5176\u3001\u6469\u6d1b\u54e5\u3001\u57c3\u53ca\u3001\u6c76\u83b1\u3001\u79d1\u5a01\u7279\u3001\u5df4\u6797\u3001\u5361\u5854\u5c14\u3001\u6c99\u4e4c\u5730\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u3001\u963f\u8054\u3001\u963f\u66fc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u673a\u5c3e\u53f7\u780129000\u7684VC-25A\uff0c\u6539\u88c5\u81ea747-200B\uff0c\u81ea1990\u5e74\u8d77\u4fbf\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u4e13\u673a<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aSSGT Alex Lloyd, USAF<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

VC-25<\/a>\uff1a\u539f\u672c\u662f747-200B\uff0c\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u7a7a\u519b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8fd0\u8f7d\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf<\/a>\u7b49\u91cd\u91cf\u7ea7\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u7f8e\u56fd\u7a7a\u519b\u6709\u4e24\u67b6VC-25A\uff0c\u673a\u5c3e\u7f16\u53f7\u4e3a28000\u548c29000\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4fbf\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7a7a\u519b\u4e00\u53f7<\/a>\uff0c\u7a7a\u519b\u4e00\u53f7\u662f\u5bf9\u642d\u8f7d\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7f8e\u56fd\u7a7a\u519b\u98de\u673a\u7684\u79f0\u547c\u3002\u867d\u7136\u98de\u673a\u6539\u88c5\u81ea747-200B\uff0c\u4f46\u673a\u4e0a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6539\u826f\u6280\u672f\u662f\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6ce2\u97f3747-400\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9a7e\u9a76\u8231\u548c\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u90e8\u4efd\u98de\u673a\u5728\u827e\u4f5b\u745e\u7279<\/a>\u751f\u4ea7\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u4fbf\u98de\u5f80\u5a01\u5947\u6258<\/a>\uff08\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6ce2\u97f3\u519b\u4e8b\u516c\u53f8\u6240\u5728\u5730\uff09\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6700\u540e\u7ec4\u88c5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u827e\u4f5b\u745e\u7279\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7a7a\u519b\u6700\u8fd1\u5ba3\u5e03\uff0c\u5c06\u4ee5\u65b0\u6b3e747-8\u53d6\u4ee3\u673a\u9f84\u8fbe\u523030\u5e74\u7684VC-25A\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u201c\u7a7a\u519b\u4e00\u53f7\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u547d\u540d\u4e3aVC-25B\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1aE-4B\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7a7a\u4e2d\u6307\u6325\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aJuke Schweizer<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

E-4B<\/a> \u2013 This is an airborne command post designed for use in nuclear war. Three E-4As, based on the 747-200B, with a fourth aircraft, with more powerful engines and upgraded systems delivered in 1979 as a E-4B, with the three E-4As upgraded to this standard.[214]<\/a>[215]<\/a> Formerly known as the National Emergency Airborne Command Post (referred to colloquially as “Kneecap”), this type is now referred to as the National Airborne Operations Center (NAOC).[215]<\/a>[216]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1aE-4B\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u67b6\u4e3a\u5e94\u5bf9\u6838\u6218\u4e89\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u7a7a\u4e2d\u6307\u6325\u6240\u3002\u4e09\u67b6\u57fa\u4e8e\u6ce2\u97f3747-200B\u7684E-4A\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u67b6\u98de\u673a\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u5347\u7ea7\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e8e1979\u5e74\u4ea4\u4ed8\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3aE-4B\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u524d\u4e09\u67b6E-4A\u5347\u7ea7\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u6807\u51c6\u3002[214][215]\u8fd9\u67b6\u98de\u673a\u4ee5\u524d\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e94\u6025\u7a7a\u4e2d\u6307\u6325\u6240\uff08\u4fd7\u79f0\u201c\u819d\u76d6\u76d6\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7a7a\u4e2d\u4f5c\u6218\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08NAOC\uff09\u3002[215][216]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

YAL-1<\/a> \u2013 This was the experimental Airborne Laser<\/a>, a planned component of the U.S. National Missile Defense<\/a>.[217]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1aYAL-1\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u673a\u8f7d\u6fc0\u5149\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bfc\u5f39\u9632\u5fa1\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002[217]<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u6539\u88c5\u4e3a\u592a\u7a7a\u68ad\uff08\u822a\u5929\u98de\u673a\uff09\u8fd0\u8f93\u673a\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u6ce2\u97f3747-100\uff08N905NA\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u642d\u8f7d\u4f01\u4e1a\u53f7\u7a7f\u68ad\u673a\uff08\u822a\u5929\u98de\u673a\uff09<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Shuttle Carrier Aircraft<\/a> (SCA)<\/strong> \u2013 Two 747s were modified to carry the Space Shuttle orbiter<\/a>. The first was a 747-100 (N905NA), and the other was a 747-100SR (N911NA). The first SCA carried the prototype Enterprise<\/a> during the Approach and Landing Tests<\/a> in the late 1970s. The two SCA later carried all five operational Space Shuttle orbiters.[218]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u822a\u5929\u98de\u673a\u8fd0\u8f93\u673a\uff08SCA\uff09\u2014\u2014\u4e24\u67b6747\u88ab\u6539\u88c5\u4e3a\u8fd0\u8f7d\u822a\u5929\u98de\u673a\u8f68\u9053\u5668\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u67b6\u662f747-100\uff08N905NA\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u67b6\u662f747-100SR\uff08N911NA\uff09\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u67b6SCA\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u643a\u5e26\u539f\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u573a\u548c\u7740\u9646\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u67b6SCA\u540e\u6765\u643a\u5e26\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u4e94\u67b6\u8fd0\u8425\u4e2d\u7684\u822a\u5929\u98de\u673a\u8f68\u9053\u5668\u3002[218]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C-33\uff1a\u7f8e\u519b\u6709\u610f\u6269\u5145\u5176C-17\u673a\u961f\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4fbf\u5411\u6ce2\u97f3\u63d0\u6848\u4ee5747-400\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u5f00\u53d1C-33\u3002\u540e\u6765\u7f8e\u519b\u6539\u8ba2C-17\uff0cC-33\u8ba1\u5212\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u6ce2\u97f3KC-747\u7a7a\u4e2d\u52a0\u6cb9\u673a\u4e3a\u4f0a\u6717\u7a7a\u519b\u7684\u6ce2\u97f3747\u52a0\u6cb9<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aiiaf<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

KC-25\/33<\/strong> \u2013 A proposed 747-200F was also adapted as an aerial refueling<\/a> tanker<\/a> and was bid against the DC-10-30 during the 1970s Advanced Cargo Transport Aircraft (ACTA) program that produced the KC-10 Extender<\/a>. Before the 1979 Iranian Revolution<\/a>, Iran bought four 747-100 aircraft with air-refueling boom conversions to support its fleet of F-4 Phantoms<\/a>.[220]<\/a> There is a report of the Iranians using a 747 Tanker in H-3 airstrike<\/a> during Iran\u2013Iraq War<\/a>.[221]<\/a> It is unknown whether these aircraft remain usable as tankers. Since then there have been proposals to use a 747-400 for that role.[222]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1aKC-25\/33\u2014\u2014\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5148\u8fdb\u8d27\u8fd0\u8fd0\u8f93\u673a\uff08ACTA\uff09\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u67b6\u62df\u8bae\u4e2d\u7684747-200F\u4e5f\u88ab\u6539\u88c5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4e2d\u52a0\u6cb9\u673a\uff0c\u5e76\u5728DC-10-30\u7684\u7ade\u6807\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u57281979\u5e74\u4f0a\u6717\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f0a\u6717\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86\u56db\u67b6747-100\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7a7a\u4e2d\u52a0\u6cb9\u6746\u6539\u88c5\uff0c\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u5176F-4\u5e7d\u7075\u8230\u961f\u3002[220]\u6709\u62a5\u9053\u79f0\uff0c\u4f0a\u6717\u4eba\u5728\u4f0a\u6717-\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528747\u52a0\u6cb9\u673a\u8fdb\u884cH-3\u7a7a\u88ad\u3002[221]\u76ee\u524d\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u98de\u673a\u662f\u5426\u4ecd\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52a0\u6cb9\u673a\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528747-400\u6765\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4efb\u52a1\u3002[222]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KC-33A\uff08KC-747\uff09\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u6b3e\u7a7a\u4e2d\u52a0\u6cb9\u673a\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7a7a\u519b\u7684\u201c\u5148\u8fdb\u7a7a\u4e2d\u52a0\u6cb9\u53ca\u8fd0\u8f93\u673a\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\uff08ATCA\uff09\u7ade\u6807\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4ef7\u683c\u6602\u8d35\u53ca\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u8f83\u77ed\u8dd1\u9053\u8d77\u98de\uff0c\u8d25\u7ed9\u4e86\u9ea6\u9053\u516c\u53f8\u7684KC-10\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u6025\u4e8e\u5c06\u5176\u5bf9\u5916\u51fa\u552e\u4ee5\u633d\u56de\u4e8f\u635f\uff0c\u800c\u4f0a\u6717\u5df4\u5217\u7ef4\u738b\u671d\u6b63\u51c6\u5907\u7ed9F-4\u6218\u6597\u673a\u914d\u5957\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7a7a\u4e2d\u52a0\u6cb9\u673a\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4fbf\u4e70\u4e0b\u4e86KC-747\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e24\u67b6\u539f\u578b\u673a\uff0c\u6ce8\u518c\u53f7\u4e3a5-8113\u53ca5-8114\u3002[160][161][160]\u8be5\u7b49\u98de\u673a\u66fe\u4e8e1991\u53ca1996\u5e74\u5148\u540e\u6539\u88c5\u4e3a\u6c11\u7528\u673a\uff0c\u4e8e\u8428\u54c8\u822a\u7a7a\u670d\u5f79\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u540e\u4ecd\u5206\u522b\u4e8e2016\u53ca2020\u5e74\u9000\u56de\u4f0a\u6717\u7a7a\u519b\uff0c\u5e76\u518d\u6b21\u7528\u4f5c\u52a0\u6cb9\u673a[162]\u3002\u81f32000\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6fb3\u6d32\u7687\u5bb6\u7a7a\u519b\u7684\u6ce2\u97f3707\u52a0\u6cb9\u673a\u65e5\u6e10\u8001\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5411\u7a7a\u4e2d\u5df4\u58eb\u8ba2\u8d2dA330 MRTT\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u8be5\u578b\u53f7\u52a0\u6cb9\u673a\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u5ba2\u6237\u3002\u5176\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u519b\u4e8b\u4e13\u5bb6\u5efa\u8bae\u5f53\u5c40\u6539\u88c5\u6ce2\u97f3747-400\u4e3a\u66f4\u5927\u578b\u7684\u52a0\u6cb9\u673a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3A330 MRTT\u6240\u65e0\u6cd5\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u63d0\u8bae\u6700\u540e\u4e0d\u83b7\u63a5\u7eb3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

747F Airlifter<\/strong> \u2013 Proposed US military transport<\/a> version of the 747-200F intended as an alternative to further purchases of the C-5 Galaxy<\/a>. This 747 would have had a special nose jack to lower the sill height for the nose door. System tested in 1980 on a Flying Tiger Line<\/a> 747-200F.[223]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a747F Airlifter\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f747-200F\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u65b9\u8fd0\u8f93\u673a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u66ff\u4ee3\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8d2d\u4e70C-5\u94f6\u6cb3\u3002\u8fd9\u67b6747\u5c06\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u9f3b\u5b50\u5343\u65a4\u9876\uff0c\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u524d\u95e8\u7684\u95e8\u69db\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3002\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e8e1980\u5e74\u5728\u98de\u864e\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u7684747-200F\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002[223]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

747 CMCA<\/strong> \u2013 This “Cruise Missile Carrier Aircraft” variant was considered by the U.S. Air Force during the development of the B-1 Lancer<\/a>strategic bomber. It would have been equipped with 50 to 100 AGM-86 ALCM<\/a> cruise missiles<\/a> on rotary launchers. This plan was abandoned in favor of more conventional strategic bombers.[224]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a747 CMCA\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u5de1\u822a\u5bfc\u5f39\u8f7d\u673a\u201d\u53d8\u4f53\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7a7a\u519b\u5f00\u53d1B-1 Lancer\u6218\u7565\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\u671f\u95f4\u66fe\u88ab\u8003\u8651\u8fc7\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u914d\u590750\u81f3100\u679aAGM-86 ALCM\u5de1\u822a\u5bfc\u5f39\u5728\u65cb\u8f6c\u53d1\u5c04\u5668\u4e0a\u3002\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u88ab\u653e\u5f03\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u91c7\u7528\u66f4\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6218\u7565\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\u3002[224]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

747 AAC<\/strong> \u2013 A Boeing study under contract from the USAF for an “airborne aircraft carrier<\/a>” for up to 10 Boeing Model 985-121 “microfighters<\/a>” with the ability to launch, retrieve, re-arm, and refuel. Boeing believed that the scheme would be able to deliver a flexible and fast carrier platform with global reach, particularly where other bases were not available. Modified versions of the 747-200 and Lockheed C-5A were considered as the base aircraft. The concept, which included a complementary 747 AWACS version with two reconnaissance “microfighters”, was considered technically feasible in 1973.[225]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6ce2\u97f3747 AAC -\u7f8e\u56fd\u7a7a\u519b\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u7b7e\u8ba2\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u642d\u8f7d10\u67b6\u6ce2\u97f3985-121\u201c\u5fae\u578b\u6218\u6597\u673a\u201d\u7684\u201c\u7a7a\u4e2d\u822a\u7a7a\u6bcd\u8230\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6218\u6597\u673a\u5177\u5907\u53d1\u5c04\u3001\u56de\u6536\u3001\u91cd\u65b0\u88c5\u5907\u548c\u52a0\u6cb9\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6848\u5c06\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7075\u6d3b\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6027\u822a\u6bcd\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u5730\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002747-200\u548c\u6d1b\u514b\u5e0c\u5fb7C-5A\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u578b\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u98de\u673a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u914d\u5907\u4e24\u67b6\u4fa6\u5bdf\u201c\u5fae\u578b\u6218\u6597\u673a\u201d\u7684\u4e92\u8865747\u9884\u8b66\u673a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u57281973\u5e74\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002[225]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evergreen 747 Supertanker<\/a> \u2013 A Boeing 747-200 modified as an aerial application platform for fire fighting using 20,000 US gallons (76,000 L) of firefighting chemicals.[226]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u201c\u957f\u9752\u201d747\u8d85\u7ea7\u6c34\u7bb1 – \u6ce2\u97f3747-200\u6539\u88c5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4e2d\u6d88\u9632\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u4f7f\u752820,000\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u4ed1\uff0876,000\u5347\uff09\u7684\u6d88\u9632\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u3002[226]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy<\/a> (SOFIA) \u2013 A former Pan Am Boeing 747SP modified to carry a large infrared-sensitive telescope, in a joint venture of NASA and DLR<\/a>. High altitudes are needed for infrared astronomy<\/a>, to rise above infrared-absorbing water vapor in the atmosphere.[227]<\/a>[228]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5e73\u6d41\u5c42\u7ea2\u5916\u5929\u6587\u53f0\uff08SOFIA\uff09-\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u822a\u7a7a\u822a\u5929\u5c40\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u822a\u5929\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u67b6\u6cdb\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6ce2\u97f3747SP\u6539\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u67b6\u5927\u578b\u7ea2\u5916\u654f\u611f\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\u3002\u7ea2\u5916\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u7a7a\u89c2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ee5\u8d85\u8d8a\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u5438\u6536\u7ea2\u5916\u7ebf\u7684\u6c34\u84b8\u6c14\u3002[227][228]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.11 \u672a\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5b50\u578b\u53f7 | Undeveloped variants<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Boeing has studied a number of 747 variants that have not gone beyond the concept stage.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b747\u53d8\u4f53\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8d85\u8d8a\u6982\u5ff5\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.11.1 \u4e09\u53d1\u6b3e | 747 trijet<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Boeing studied the development of a shorter 747 with three engines<\/a>, to compete with the smaller Lockheed L-1011 TriStar and McDonnell Douglas DC-10. The center engine would have been fitted in the tail with an S-duct<\/a> intake similar to the L-1011’s. Overall, the 747 trijet would have had more payload, range, and passenger capacity than both of them. However, engineering studies showed that a major redesign of the 747 wing would be necessary. Maintaining the same 747 handling characteristics would be important to minimize pilot retraining. Boeing decided instead to pursue a shortened four-engine 747, resulting in the 747SP.[230]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u548c70\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u4e09\u5f15\u64ce747\u98de\u673a\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0e\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u6d1b\u514b\u5e0c\u5fb7L-1011\u4e09\u661f\uff08TriStar\uff09\u548c\u9ea6\u514b\u5510\u7eb3\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65afDC-10\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u4e2d\u592e\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u5c06\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5e26\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eL-1011\u7684S\u578b\u7ba1\u9053\u8fdb\u6c14\u53e3\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c747\u4e09\u55b7\u6c14\u5f0f\u98de\u673a\u5c06\u6bd4\u4e24\u8005\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377\u3001\u822a\u7a0b\u548c\u4e58\u5ba2\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5bf9747\u673a\u7ffc\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5927\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4fdd\u6301\u76f8\u540c\u7684747\u64cd\u4f5c\u7279\u6027\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u98de\u884c\u5458\u518d\u57f9\u8bad\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u51b3\u5b9a\u6539\u4e3a\u7814\u53d1\u4e00\u79cd\u7f29\u77ed\u7684\u56db\u5f15\u64ce747\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86747SP\u3002[230]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.11.2 747-500<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

In January 1986, Boeing outlined preliminary studies to build a larger, ultra-long haul version named the 747-500, which would enter service in the mid- to late-1990s. The aircraft derivative would use engines evolved from unducted fan (UDF) (propfan<\/a>) technology by General Electric<\/a>, but the engines would have shrouds, sport a bypass ratio<\/a> of 15\u201320, and have a propfan diameter of 10\u201312 feet (3.0\u20133.7 m).[231]<\/a> The aircraft would be stretched (including the upper deck section) to a capacity of 500 seats, have a new wing to reduce drag, cruise at a faster speed to reduce flight times, and have a range of at least 8,700 nmi; 16,000 km, which would allow airlines to fly nonstop between London, England<\/a> and Sydney, Australia<\/a>.[232]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a1986\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u521d\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8ba1\u5212\u5236\u9020\u4e00\u6b3e\u66f4\u5927\u3001\u8d85\u957f\u822a\u7a0b\u7684\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u547d\u540d\u4e3a747-500\uff0c\u8be5\u98de\u673a\u5c06\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u81f3\u665a\u671f\u6295\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u6b3e\u98de\u673a\u884d\u751f\u578b\u53f7\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u7531\u901a\u7528\u7535\u6c14\u516c\u53f8\u7814\u53d1\u7684\u65e0\u5bfc\u7ba1\u98ce\u6247\uff08UDF\uff09\uff08\u63a8\u8fdb\u98ce\u6247\uff09\u6280\u672f\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u5c06\u914d\u5907\u7f69\u76d6\uff0c\u5177\u670915-20\u7684\u65c1\u8def\u6bd4\uff0c\u63a8\u8fdb\u98ce\u6247\u76f4\u5f84\u4e3a10-12\u82f1\u5c3a\uff083.0-3.7\u7c73\uff09\u3002[231] \u8be5\u98de\u673a\u5c06\u88ab\u62c9\u957f\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4e0a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\u90e8\u5206\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u5bb9\u7eb3500\u540d\u4e58\u5ba2\uff0c\u914d\u5907\u65b0\u578b\u673a\u7ffc\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u963b\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5de1\u822a\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u98de\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u822a\u7a0b\u81f3\u5c11\u4e3a8,700\u6d77\u91cc\uff1b16,000\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f7f\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u548c\u6089\u5c3c\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f4\u98de\u3002[232]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.11.3 747 ASB<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Boeing announced the 747 ASB (Advanced Short Body<\/em>) in 1986 as a response to the Airbus A340 and the McDonnell Douglas MD-11<\/a>. This aircraft design would have combined the advanced technology used on the 747-400 with the foreshortened 747SP fuselage. The aircraft was to carry 295 passengers over a range of 8,000 nmi (15,000 km; 9,200 mi).[233]<\/a> However, airlines were not interested in the project and it was canceled in 1988 in favor of the 777.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u57281986\u5e74\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e86747 ASB\uff08\u5148\u8fdb\u77ed\u673a\u8eab\uff09\u4ee5\u56de\u5e94\u7a7a\u4e2d\u5ba2\u8f66A340\u548c\u9ea6\u514b\u5510\u7eb3\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65afMD-11\u3002\u8fd9\u6b3e\u98de\u673a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5c06\u7ed3\u5408747-400\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5148\u8fdb\u6280\u672f\u548c\u7f29\u77ed\u7684747SP\u673a\u8eab\u3002\u8be5\u98de\u673a\u8ba1\u5212\u57288,000\u6d77\u91cc\uff0815,000\u516c\u91cc\uff1b9,200\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u642d\u8f7d295\u540d\u4e58\u5ba2\u3002[233]\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u5bf9\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u4e0d\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e8e1988\u5e74\u53d6\u6d88\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u652f\u6301777\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.11.4 747-500X, -600X, and -700X<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u57281996\u5e74\u7684\u6cd5\u6069\u535a\u6d1b\u822a\u7a7a\u5c55\u4e2d\u5ba3\u5e03\u5c06\u4f1a\u5f00\u53d1747-500X\u548c-600X[80]<\/a>\uff0c\u65b0\u98de\u673a\u7684\u673a\u7ffc\u884d\u751f\u81ea\u6ce2\u97f3777\u7684\u673a\u7ffc\uff0c\u7ffc\u5c55\u8fbe251\u82f1\u5c3a\uff0877\u7c73\uff09\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u524d\u671f747\u7684\u5ba2\u8231\uff0c\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u63a8\u529b\u66f4\u5927\u548c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u673a\u8f6e\uff0c\u9f3b\u8f6e\u75312\u4e2a\u589e\u52a0\u81f34\u4e2a\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u673a\u8f6e\u5219\u753116\u4e2a\u589e\u52a0\u81f320\u4e2a[165]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The 747-500X concept featured a fuselage length increased by 18 feet (5.5 m) to 250 feet (76 m), and the aircraft was to carry 462 passengers over a range up to 8,700 nautical miles (16,100 km; 10,000 mi), with a gross weight of over 1.0 Mlb<\/a> (450 tonnes).[234]<\/a> The 747-600X concept featured a greater stretch to 279 feet (85 m) with seating for 548 passengers, a range of up to 7,700 nmi (14,300 km; 8,900 mi), and a gross weight of 1.2 Mlb (540 tonnes).[234]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a747-500X\u6982\u5ff5\u98de\u673a\u7684\u673a\u8eab\u957f\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u4e8618\u82f1\u5c3a\uff085.5\u7c73\uff09\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230250\u82f1\u5c3a\uff0876\u7c73\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u8f7d\u5ba2\u91cf\u4e3a462\u4eba\uff0c\u822a\u7a0b\u53ef\u8fbe8,700\u6d77\u91cc\uff0816,100\u516c\u91cc\uff1b10,000\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\uff0c\u603b\u91cd\u8d85\u8fc71.0 Mlb\uff08450\u5428\uff09\u3002[234] 747-600X\u6982\u5ff5\u98de\u673a\u7684\u673a\u8eab\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u957f\u81f3279\u82f1\u5c3a\uff0885\u7c73\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u5bb9\u7eb3548\u540d\u4e58\u5ba2\uff0c\u822a\u7a0b\u53ef\u8fbe7,700\u6d77\u91cc\uff0814,300\u516c\u91cc\uff1b8,900\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\uff0c\u603b\u91cd\u4e3a1.2 Mlb\uff08540\u5428\uff09\u3002[234]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A third study concept, the 747-700X, would have combined the wing of the 747-600X with a widened fuselage, allowing it to carry 650 passengers over the same range as a 747-400.[91]<\/a> The cost of the changes from previous 747 models, in particular the new wing for the 747-500X and -600X, was estimated to be more than US$5 billion.[91]<\/a> Boeing was not able to attract enough interest to launch the aircraft.[92]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u6982\u5ff5\u662f747-700X\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06747-600X\u7684\u673a\u7ffc\u4e0e\u52a0\u5bbd\u7684\u673a\u8eab\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u642d\u8f7d650\u540d\u4e58\u5ba2\uff0c\u822a\u7a0b\u4e0e747-400\u76f8\u540c\u3002[91] \u4ece\u4e4b\u524d\u7684747\u578b\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f747-500X\u548c-600X\u7684\u65b0\u673a\u7ffc\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u8d85\u8fc750\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002[91] \u6ce2\u97f3\u672a\u80fd\u5438\u5f15\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u6765\u63a8\u51fa\u8fd9\u6b3e\u98de\u673a\u3002[92]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.11.5 747X and 747X Stretch\uff08\u5ef6\u957f\uff09<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

As Airbus progressed with its A3XX<\/a> study, Boeing offered a 747 derivative as an alternative in 2000; a more modest proposal than the previous -500X and -600X that retained the 747’s overall wing design and add a segment at the root, increasing the span to 229 ft (69.8 m).[235]<\/a> Power would have been supplied by either the Engine Alliance GP7172<\/a> or the Rolls-Royce Trent 600<\/a>, which were also proposed for the 767-400ERX<\/a>.[236]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u968f\u7740\u7a7a\u5ba2A3XX\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u57282000\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u6b3e747\u884d\u751f\u673a\u578b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\uff1b\u8fd9\u6b3e\u65b9\u6848\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684-500X\u548c-600X\u66f4\u4e3a\u4fdd\u5b88\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86747\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u673a\u7ffc\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6839\u90e8\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f7f\u7ffc\u5c55\u589e\u52a0\u5230229\u82f1\u5c3a\uff0869.8\u7c73\uff09\u3002[235]\u52a8\u529b\u5c06\u7531Engine Alliance GP7172\u6216\u52b3\u65af\u83b1\u65afTrent 600\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u6b3e\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u4e5f\u66fe\u88ab\u63d0\u8bae\u7528\u4e8e767-400ERX\u3002[236]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A new flight deck based on the 777’s would be used. The 747X aircraft was to carry 430 passengers over ranges of up to 8,700 nmi (16,100 km; 10,000 mi). The 747X Stretch would be extended to 263 ft (80.2 m) long, allowing it to carry 500 passengers over ranges of up to 7,800 nmi (14,400 km; 9,000 mi).[235]<\/a> Both would feature an interior based on the 777.[237]<\/a> Freighter versions of the 747X and 747X Stretch were also studied.[238]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u65b0\u7684\u98de\u884c\u7532\u677f\u5c06\u57fa\u4e8e777\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002747X\u98de\u673a\u5c06\u80fd\u642d\u8f7d430\u540d\u4e58\u5ba2\uff0c\u822a\u7a0b\u53ef\u8fbe8,700\u6d77\u91cc\uff0816,100\u516c\u91cc\uff1b10,000\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u3002747X Stretch\u5c06\u88ab\u5ef6\u957f\u81f3263\u82f1\u5c3a\uff0880.2\u7c73\uff09\u957f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u642d\u8f7d500\u540d\u4e58\u5ba2\uff0c\u822a\u7a0b\u53ef\u8fbe7,800\u6d77\u91cc\uff0814,400\u516c\u91cc\uff1b9,000\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u3002[235]\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u5c06\u91c7\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e777\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002[237]747X\u548c747X Stretch\u7684\u8d27\u8fd0\u7248\u672c\u4e5f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u3002[238]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like its predecessor, the 747X family was unable to garner enough interest to justify production, and it was shelved along with the 767-400ERX in March 2001, when Boeing announced the Sonic Cruiser<\/a>concept.[93]<\/a> Though the 747X design was less costly than the 747-500X and -600X, it was criticized for not offering a sufficient advance from the existing 747-400. The 747X did not make it beyond the drawing board, but the 747-400X being developed concurrently moved into production to become the 747-400ER.[239]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e0e\u524d\u8eab\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c747X\u7cfb\u5217\u672a\u80fd\u5438\u5f15\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u751f\u4ea7\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e2001\u5e743\u6708\u4e0e767-400ERX\u4e00\u8d77\u6401\u7f6e\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6ce2\u97f3\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e86Sonic Cruiser\u6982\u5ff5\u3002[93]\u5c3d\u7ba1747X\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6210\u672c\u4f4e\u4e8e747-500X\u548c-600X\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u56e0\u672a\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709747-400\u7684\u8db3\u591f\u8fdb\u6b65\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u6279\u8bc4\u3002747X\u6ca1\u6709\u8d85\u8d8a\u7ed8\u56fe\u677f\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u5f00\u53d1\u7684747-400X\u8fdb\u5165\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a747-400ER\u3002[239]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.11.6 747-400XQLR<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

After the end of the 747X program, Boeing continued to study improvements that could be made to the 747. The 747-400XQLR (Quiet Long Range) was meant to have an increased range of 7,980 nmi (14,780 km; 9,180 mi), with improvements to boost efficiency and reduce noise.[240]<\/a>[241]<\/a> Improvements studied included raked wingtips similar to those used on the 767-400ER and a sawtooth engine nacelle for noise reduction.[242]<\/a> Although the 747-400XQLR did not move to production, many of its features were used for the 747 Advanced, which was launched as the 747-8<\/a> in 2005.[243]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5728747X\u9879\u76ee\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u7ee7\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9747\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u3002747-400XQLR\uff08\u9759\u97f3\u8fdc\u7a0b\uff09\u65e8\u5728\u5c06\u822a\u7a0b\u589e\u52a0\u52307980\u6d77\u91cc\uff0814780\u516c\u91cc\uff1b9180\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u9ad8\u71c3\u6cb9\u6548\u7387\u5e76\u964d\u4f4e\u566a\u97f3\u3002[240][241]\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u5305\u62ec\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e767-400ER\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u503e\u659c\u7ffc\u5c16\u548c\u952f\u9f7f\u5f62\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u8231\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u566a\u97f3\u3002[242]\u5c3d\u7ba1747-400XQLR\u6ca1\u6709\u6295\u5165\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u8bb8\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e2005\u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\u7684747 Advanced\uff0c\u5373747-8\u3002[243]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u8fd0\u8425\u8005 \uff5c Operators<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Main article:<\/em> List of Boeing 747 operators<\/a>
\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u6ce2\u97f3747\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u5217\u8868<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1979, Qantas became the first airline in the world to operate an all Boeing 747 fleet, with seventeen aircraft.[244]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a1979\u5e74\uff0c\u6fb3\u6d32\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u9996\u5bb6\u8fd0\u8425\u5168\u6ce2\u97f3747\u673a\u961f\u7684\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5171\u670917\u67b6\u98de\u673a\u3002 [244]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As of July 2019, there were 462 Boeing 747s in airline service, with Atlas Air<\/a> and British Airways<\/a> being the largest operators with 33 747-400s each.[245]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u622a\u81f32019\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u5171\u6709462\u67b6\u6ce2\u97f3747\u578b\u98de\u673a\u5728\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u670d\u5f79\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u963f\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u62e5\u670933\u67b6747-400\u578b\u98de\u673a\u3002[245]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The last US passenger Boeing 747 was retired from Delta Air Lines in December 2017, after it flew for every American major carrier<\/a> since its 1970 introduction.[246]<\/a> Delta flew three of its last four aircraft on a farewell tour, from Seattle to Atlanta on December 19 then to Los Angeles and Minneapolis\/St Paul on December 20.[247]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u67b6\u6ce2\u97f3747\u5ba2\u673a\u4e8e2017\u5e7412\u6708\u4ece\u8fbe\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u9000\u5f79\uff0c\u6b64\u524d\u81ea1970\u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u4e00\u76f4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u8981\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u670d\u52a1\u3002[246] \u8fbe\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u5728\u5176\u6700\u540e\u56db\u67b6\u98de\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u67b6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u544a\u522b\u4e4b\u65c5\uff0c12\u670819\u65e5\u4ece\u897f\u96c5\u56fe\u98de\u5f80\u4e9a\u7279\u5170\u5927\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e8e12\u670820\u65e5\u98de\u5f80\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u548c\u660e\u5c3c\u963f\u6ce2\u5229\u65af\/\u5723\u4fdd\u7f57\u3002[247]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the IATA<\/a> forecast an increase in air freight<\/a> from 4% to 5% in 2018 fueled by booming trade for time-sensitive goods, from smartphones to fresh flowers, demand for freighters is strong while passenger 747s are phased out. Of the 1,544 produced, 890 are retired; as of 2018, a small subset of those which were intended to be parted-out got $3 million D-checks<\/a> before flying again. Young -400s were sold for 320 million yuan ($50 million) and Boeing stopped converting freighters<\/a>, which used to cost nearly $30 million. This comeback helped the airframer financing arm Boeing Capital<\/a> to shrink its exposure to the 747-8 from $1.07 billion in 2017 to $481 million in 2018.[248]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u56fd\u9645\u822a\u7a7a\u8fd0\u8f93\u534f\u4f1a\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u654f\u611f\u5546\u54c1\uff08\u4ece\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a\u5230\u9c9c\u82b1\uff09\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u7e41\u8363\uff0c2018\u5e74\u7a7a\u8fd0\u8d27\u7269\u91cf\u5c06\u589e\u957f4%\u81f35%\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8d27\u673a\u9700\u6c42\u5f3a\u52b2\uff0c\u800c\u5ba2\u673a747\u5219\u9010\u6b65\u9000\u51fa\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u76841544\u67b6747\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709890\u67b6\u5df2\u9000\u5f79\uff1b\u622a\u81f32018\u5e74\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u672c\u8ba1\u5212\u62c6\u89e3\u7684\u98de\u673a\u5728\u518d\u6b21\u98de\u884c\u524d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86300\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684D-checks\u3002\u5e74\u8f7b\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684747-8\u552e\u4ef7\u4e3a3.2\u4ebf\u5143\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\uff08\u54085000\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u505c\u6b62\u4e86\u5c06\u8d27\u673a\u6539\u88c5\u6210\u5ba2\u673a\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6539\u88c5\u6210\u672c\u63a5\u8fd13000\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u590d\u51fa\u5e2e\u52a9\u98de\u673a\u5236\u9020\u5546\u878d\u8d44\u90e8\u95e8\u6ce2\u97f3\u8d44\u672c\u516c\u53f8\u5c06\u5176\u5bf9747-8\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u655e\u53e3\u4ece2017\u5e74\u768410.7\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u964d\u81f32018\u5e74\u76844.81\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002[248]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July 2020, British Airways announced that it was retiring its 747 fleet.[249]<\/a>[250]<\/a> The final British Airways 747 flights departed London Heathrow<\/a> on October 8, 2020.[251]<\/a>[252]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a2020\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u5ba3\u5e03\u9000\u5f79\u5176747\u673a\u961f\u3002[249][250] \u6700\u540e\u4e00\u67b6\u82f1\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u7684747\u822a\u73ed\u4e8e2020\u5e7410\u67088\u65e5\u4ece\u4f26\u6566\u5e0c\u601d\u7f57\u673a\u573a\u8d77\u98de\u3002[251][252]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.1 \u8ba2\u5355\u548c\u4ea4\u4ed8\u6570\u636e \uff5c Orders and deliveries<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

4.1.1 \u6309\u5e74\u7edf\u8ba1\uff08\u4e0d\u7d2f\u52a0\uff09<\/strong>[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n

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4.1.2 \u5386\u5e74\u7d2f\u52a0\u8ba2\u5355\u548c\u4ea4\u4ed8\u91cf \uff5c Boeing 747 orders and deliveries (cumulative, by year):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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4.1.3 \u5206\u578b\u53f7\u7edf\u8ba1 \uff5c Model summary<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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5. \u610f\u5916\u548c\u6545\u969c \uff5c Accidents and incidents<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\uff08\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\uff09Main article:<\/em> Boeing 747 hull losses<\/a>
\uff08\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\uff09\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a<\/em>\u6ce2\u97f3747\u98de\u884c\u4e8b\u6545\u5217\u8868<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY- SA 3.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u6ce2\u97f3\u9996\u67b6\u5236\u6210\u7684\u6ce2\u97f3747-400\u5ba2\u673a\uff08N661US\uff09\uff0c\u66fe\u62c5\u4efb\u6ce2\u97f3747-400\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u673a\uff0c\u8bd5\u9a8c\u540e\u5356\u7ed9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u542f\u59cb\u5ba2\u6237<\/a>\u7684\u897f\u5317\u822a\u7a7a<\/a>\u3002\u4e8e2002\u5e74\u5728\u767d\u4ee4\u6d77\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u4e25\u91cd\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u6210\u529f\u8feb\u964d\u5b89\u514b\u96f7\u5947\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u573a<\/a>\uff0c\u5168\u673a\u4e58\u5458\u751f\u8fd8\u3002(\u8be6\u60c5\u89c1\u897f\u5317\u822a\u7a7a85\u53f7\u73ed\u673a\u4e8b\u6545<\/a>)<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aKen Fielding<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

As of January 2023, the 747 has been involved in 173 aviation accidents and incidents<\/a>,[253]<\/a> including 64 hull loss accidents<\/a>[254]<\/a> causing 3,746 fatalities.[255]<\/a> There have been several hijackings of Boeing 747s, such as Pan Am Flight 73<\/a>, a 747-100 hijacked by four terrorists, causing 20 deaths.[256]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u622a\u81f32023\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u6ce2\u97f3747\u5df2\u7ecf\u6d89\u53ca173\u8d77\u822a\u7a7a\u4e8b\u6545\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec64\u8d77\u673a\u8eab\u635f\u5931\u4e8b\u6545\uff0c\u5171\u9020\u62103746\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u6ce2\u97f3747\u8fd8\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u51e0\u8d77\u52ab\u673a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6cdb\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f873\u53f7\u822a\u73ed\uff0c\u4e00\u67b6747-100\u578b\u98de\u673a\u88ab\u56db\u540d\u6050\u6016\u5206\u5b50\u52ab\u6301\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f420\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4eba\u4e3a\u539f\u56e0\u5f15\u8d77\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n