{"id":1902,"date":"2023-11-20T21:24:15","date_gmt":"2023-11-20T13:24:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=1902"},"modified":"2025-01-31T17:21:09","modified_gmt":"2025-01-31T09:21:09","slug":"girl-zhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2023\/11\/20\/girl-zhen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5973\u5b69 \/ Girl &#8211; \u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u878d\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u5e76\u8865\u5145\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5408\u89c4\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u4e0a\u4f20\u3002 <br>\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u53c2\u89c1\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%B3%E5%AD%A9\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%B3%E5%AD%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>\u3002 <br>\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff08Wikipedia\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8bd1\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u3002 \u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<cite>\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3001\u6574\u5408\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u3002\u4e0e\u539f\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faa<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/653887754\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CC-BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/a>\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6807\u6ce8\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/666846485\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u672c\u6587\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u6b63\u6587\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u4e13\u680f\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u6982\u8ff0\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/6400737856\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/6406751164\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u53c2\u89c1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1 \u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90\">\u7ef4\u57fa\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90<\/a>\u4e2d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Girls?uselang=zh-cn\">\u5973\u5b69<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7\">\u5973\u6027<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5\">\u513f\u7ae5<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%94%B7%E5%AD%A9\">\u7537\u5b69<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%B3%E7%AB%A5%E8%BB%8D\">\u5973\u7ae5\u519b<\/a>\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%B3%E7%AB%A5%E8%BB%8D_(%E5%A5%B3%E7%AB%A5%E8%BB%8D%E5%B9%B4%E9%BD%A1%E9%9A%8E%E6%AE%B5)\">\u5e74\u9f84\u9636\u6bb5<\/a>\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%B3%E5%AD%90%E5%9C%98%E9%AB%94\">\u5973\u5b50\u56e2\u4f53<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E6%AE%BA%E5%AE%B3%E5%A5%B3%E5%AC%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u6740\u5bb3\u5973\u5a74<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%B0%91%E5%A5%B3%E6%BC%AB%E7%94%BB\">\u5c11\u5973\u6f2b\u753b<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B3%E5%AD%A9%E7%9A%84%E7%8E%A9%E5%85%B7%E5%92%8C%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u5973\u5b69\u7684\u73a9\u5177\u548c\u6e38\u620f<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B3%E5%AD%A9%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u5973\u5b69\u65f6\u4ee3\u7814\u7a76<\/a>\u300b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2 \u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Wikimedia Commons has media related to <strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Girls\">Girls<\/a><\/em><\/strong>.<br>\u7ef4\u57fa\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u4e0e\u201c\u5973\u5b69\u201d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Look up <em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/girl\">girl<\/a><\/strong><\/em> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.<br>\u5728\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u7ef4\u57fa\u8bcd\u5178\u91cc\u67e5\u201c\u5973\u5b69\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl_group\">Girl group<\/a> \u5973\u5b69\u56e2\u4f53<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tomboy\">Tomboy<\/a> \u5047\u5c0f\u5b50<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sh%C5%8Djo\">Sh\u014djo<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/girl\">Girl &#8211; Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary<\/a>. Merriam-webster.com. 2012-08-31 [2014-06-04]. <\/em><em>\uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190506081659\/https:\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/girl\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2019-05-06\uff09.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; dictionary.com, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/dictionary.reference.com\/browse\/girl\">girl<\/a> <\/em><em>\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160303221916\/http:\/dictionary.reference.com\/browse\/girl\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09<\/em>, \u68c0\u7d22 2008\u5e741\u67082\u65e5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7 &nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/unicef.org\/publications\/index_18108.html\">The State of the World&#8217;s Children 2004 &#8211; Girls, Education and Development <\/a>\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050908190139\/http:\/unicef.org\/publications\/index_18108.html\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09, 2004<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <em><a href=\"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/ency\/article\/003269.htm\">Ambiguous genitalia<\/a>. MedlinePlus. U.S. National Library of Medicine. [2018-05-16]. <\/em><em>\uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180728022407\/https:\/medlineplus.gov\/ency\/article\/003269.htm\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2018-07-28\uff09.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7 &nbsp;<em>Tartaglia, NR; Howell, S; Sutherland, A; Wilson, R; Wilson, L. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2883963\">A review of trisomy X (47,XXX).<\/a>. Orphanet journal of rare diseases. 11 May 2010, <strong>5<\/strong>: 8. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2883963\">PMC&nbsp;2883963<\/a><\/em><em>\u202f<\/em><em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20459843\">PMID&nbsp;20459843<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1186%2F1750-1172-5-8\">doi:10.1186\/1750-1172-5-8<\/a>.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7 &nbsp;<em>Donaldson MD, Gault EJ, Tan KW, Dunger DB; Gault; Tan; Dunger. <a href=\"http:\/\/adc.bmj.com\/content\/91\/6\/513.abstract\">Optimising management in Turner syndrome: from infancy to adult transfer<\/a>. Arch. Dis. Child. June 2006, <strong>91<\/strong> (6): 513\u2013520 [2018-08-03]. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2082783\">PMC&nbsp;2082783<\/a><\/em><em>\u202f<\/em><em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16714725\">PMID&nbsp;16714725<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1136%2Fadc.2003.035907\">doi:10.1136\/adc.2003.035907<\/a>. <\/em><em>\uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120307084228\/http:\/adc.bmj.com\/content\/91\/6\/513.abstract\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2012-03-07\uff09.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7 &nbsp;<em>Marino, Bradley S. <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=OsmaeXtE7sQC&amp;pg=PA319\">Blueprints pediatrics<\/a> Sixth edition. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer\/Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins. 2013: 319 [2018-08-03]. <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/9781451116045\">ISBN&nbsp;9781451116045<\/a>. <\/em><em>\uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190323023914\/https:\/books.google.com\/books?id=OsmaeXtE7sQC&amp;pg=PA319\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2019-03-23\uff09.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7 &nbsp;<em>Sharon E. Sytsma. <a href=\"http:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=ftHV7JM18C8C&amp;pg=PA111\">Ethics and Intersex<\/a>. Springer Science &amp; Business Media. 2006-06-07: 111\u2013 [2018-05-16]. <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/978-1-4020-4314-7\">ISBN&nbsp;978-1-4020-4314-7<\/a>. <\/em><em>\uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140628135821\/http:\/books.google.com\/books?id=ftHV7JM18C8C&amp;pg=PA111\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2014-06-28\uff09.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; (Tanner, 1990).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <em>Anderson SE, Dallal GE, Must A. Relative weight and race influence average age at menarche: results from two nationally representative surveys of US girls studied 25 years apart. Pediatrics. April 2003, <strong>111<\/strong> (4 Pt 1): 844\u201350. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12671122\">PMID&nbsp;12671122<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1542%2Fpeds.111.4.844\">doi:10.1542\/peds.111.4.844<\/a>.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <em>Al-Sahab B, Ardern CI, Hamadeh MJ, Tamim H. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3001737\">Age at menarche in Canada: results from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children &amp; Youth<\/a>. BMC Public Health (BMC Public Health). 2010, <strong>10<\/strong>: 736. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3001737\">PMC&nbsp;3001737<\/a><\/em><em>\u202f<\/em><em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21110899\">PMID&nbsp;21110899<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1186%2F1471-2458-10-736\">doi:10.1186\/1471-2458-10-736<\/a>.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <em>Hamilton-Fairley, Diana. <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131209051838\/http:\/vstudentworld.yolasite.com\/resources\/final_yr\/gynae_obs\/Hamilton%20Fairley%20Obstetrics%20and%20Gynaecology%20Lecture%20Notes%202%20Ed.pdf\">Obstetrics and Gynaecology<\/a> <\/em><em>(PDF)<\/em><em> Second. Blackwell Publishing. [2013-11-09]. <\/em><em>\uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/vstudentworld.yolasite.com\/resources\/final_yr\/gynae_obs\/Hamilton%20Fairley%20Obstetrics%20and%20Gynaecology%20Lecture%20Notes%202%20Ed.pdf\">\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<\/a> <\/em><em>(PDF)<\/em><em>\u5b58\u6863\u4e8e2013-12-09\uff09.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; Salon.com, Kurt Kleiner, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/dir.salon.com\/story\/books\/review\/2003\/06\/19\/ridley\/\">A mind of their own<\/a> <\/em><em>\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080228142216\/http:\/dir.salon.com\/story\/books\/review\/2003\/06\/19\/ridley\/\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09<\/em> (book review of <em>Nature via Nurture<\/em> by Matt Ridley), 19 June 2003, retrieved 2 January 2008<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; BBC, Jane Beresford, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/americas\/7152762.stm\">Twins reunited, after 35 years apart<\/a> <\/em><em>\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080103050612\/http:\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/americas\/7152762.stm\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09<\/em>, 31 December 2007, retrieved 2 January 2008<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7 &nbsp;<em>Marianne van den Wijngaard. <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=Dn5cI9BHbKgC&amp;pg=PA1&amp;dq=en#v=onepage&amp;q=false\">Reinventing the sexes: the biomedical construction of femininity and masculinity. Race, gender, and science<\/a>. Indiana University Press. 1997: 171 pages [2011-06-03]. <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/0-253-21087-9\">ISBN&nbsp;0-253-21087-9<\/a>. <\/em><em>\uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130623090649\/http:\/books.google.com\/books?id=Dn5cI9BHbKgC&amp;pg=PA1&amp;dq=en#v=onepage&amp;q=false\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2013-06-23\uff09.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <em>Hale Martin, Stephen Edward Finn. <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=5KLPlmr9T7MC&amp;pg=PA30\">Masculinity and Femininity in the MMPI-2 and MMPI-A<\/a>. U of Minnesota Press. 2010: 310 pages [2011-06-03]. <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/0-8166-2445-3\">ISBN&nbsp;0-8166-2445-3<\/a>. <\/em><em>\uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150912182919\/https:\/books.google.com\/books?id=5KLPlmr9T7MC&amp;pg=PA30\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2015-09-12\uff09.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <em>Richard Dunphy. <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books\/about\/Sexual_Politics.html?id=NVPQkt0bVpAC\">Sexual politics: an introduction<\/a>. Edinburgh University Press. 2000: 240 pages [2011-06-03]. <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/0-7486-1247-5\">ISBN&nbsp;0-7486-1247-5<\/a>. <\/em><em>\uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150325171646\/http:\/books.google.com\/books\/about\/Sexual_Politics.html?id=NVPQkt0bVpAC\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2015-03-25\uff09.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <em>Ferrante, Joan. Sociology: A Global Perspective 7th. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.&nbsp;: 269\u2013272. <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/0-8400-3204-8\">ISBN&nbsp;0-8400-3204-8<\/a>.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/gender\/whatisgender\/en\/\"><em>Gender, Women and Health: What do we mean by &#8220;sex&#8221; and &#8220;gender&#8221;?&#8217;<\/em><\/a><em>\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140908003355\/http:\/www.who.int\/gender\/whatisgender\/en\/\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09 The World Health Organization<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; Vetterling-Braggin, Mary <em>&#8220;Femininity,&#8221; &#8220;masculinity,&#8221; and &#8220;androgyny&#8221;: a modern philosophical discussion<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7 &nbsp;Worell, Judith, <em>Encyclopedia of women and gender: sex similarities and differences and the impact of society on gender, Volume 1<\/em> Elsevier, 2001, <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/0-12-227246-3\">0-12-227246-3<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/978-0-12-227246-2\">978-0-12-227246-2<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <em>Thomas, R. Murray. <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/?id=-RxIUDYIuiIC\">Recent Theories of Human Development<\/a>. Sage Publications. 2000: 248. <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/0761922474\">ISBN&nbsp;0761922474<\/a>. Gender feminists also consider traditional feminine traits (gentleness, modesty, humility, sacrifice, supportiveness, empathy, compassion, tenderness, nurturance, intuitiveness, sensitivity, unselfishness) morally superior to the traditional masculine traits of courage, strong will, ambition, independence,assertiveness, initiative, rationality and emotional control.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <em>Witt, edited by Charlotte. Feminist Metaphysics: Explorations in the Ontology of Sex, Gender and Identity. Dordrecht: Springer. 2010: 77. <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/90-481-3782-9\">ISBN&nbsp;90-481-3782-9<\/a>.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7 &nbsp;Tyldesley, Joyce. Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt. p.98 Thames &amp; Hudson. 2006. <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/0-500-05145-3\">0-500-05145-3<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <em>Janet H. Johnson. <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181007132107\/http:\/fathom.lib.uchicago.edu\/1\/777777190170\/\">Women&#8217;s Legal Rights in Ancient Egypt<\/a>. University of Chicago, 2004. [2011-10-22]. <\/em><em>\uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/fathom.lib.uchicago.edu\/1\/777777190170\/\">\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<\/a>\u5b58\u6863\u4e8e2018-10-07\uff09.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7 &nbsp;<em>Joann Fletcher. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/ancient\/egyptians\/women_01.shtml\">From Warrior Women to Female Pharaohs: Careers for Women in Ancient Egypt<\/a>. BBC. [2011-10-22]. <\/em><em>\uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180918025912\/http:\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/ancient\/egyptians\/women_01.shtml\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2018-09-18\uff09.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <em><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130725194806\/http:\/www.bbc.co.uk\/learningzone\/clips\/the-childhood-and-education-of-elizabeth-i\/5235.html\">Learning Zone Class Clips: Childhood and Education of Elizabeth I<\/a>. BBC Learning Zone. [2011-10-22]. <\/em><em>\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/learningzone\/clips\/the-childhood-and-education-of-elizabeth-i\/5235.html\">\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<\/a>\u5b58\u6863\u4e8e2013-07-25\uff09.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <em><a href=\"http:\/\/plan-international.org\/files\/global\/publications\/education\/girls_education_economics.pdf\">Paying the Price: The economic cost of failing to educate girls<\/a> <\/em><em>(PDF)<\/em><em>. PLAN International. [2011-10-11]. <\/em><em>\uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130515012710\/http:\/plan-international.org\/files\/global\/publications\/education\/girls_education_economics.pdf\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a> <\/em><em>(PDF)<\/em><em>\u4e8e2013-05-15\uff09.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7 &nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/unicef.org\/publications\/index_18108.html\">The State of the World&#8217;s Children 2004 &#8211; Girls, Education and Development <\/a>\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050908190139\/http:\/unicef.org\/publications\/index_18108.html\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09, UNICEF, 2004<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; Salomone, Rosemary C. &#8220;Are Single-Sex Schools Inherently Unequal? Same, Different, Equal: Rethinking Single-Sex Schooling.&#8221; &#8220;Michigan Law Review.&#8221; 102(6):1219-1244<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7 &nbsp;The World Bank. 2012. &#8220;Gender Equality and Development: World Development Report 2012.&#8221; Washington, D.C: The World Bank.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; Nussbaum, Martha C. 2003. &#8220;Women&#8217;s Education: A Global Challenge.&#8221; &#8220;Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society&#8221; 29(2): 325\u2013355<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7 &nbsp;<em>Wilkinson-Weber, Clare M. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/embroideringlive0000wilk\">Embroidering Lives: Women&#8217;s Work and Skill in the Lucknow Embroidery Industry<\/a>. SUNY Press. 1999-03-25: <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/embroideringlive0000wilk\/page\/74\">74<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/9780791440889\">ISBN&nbsp;9780791440889<\/a> <\/em><strong><em>\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff09<\/em><\/strong><em>. Purdah regulates the interactions of women with certain kinds of men. Typically, Hindu women must avoid specific male affines (in-laws) and Muslim women are restricted from contact with men outside the family, or at least their contact with these men is highly circumscribed (Papanek 1982:3). In practice, many elements of both &#8220;Hindu&#8221; and &#8220;Muslim&#8221; purdah are shared by women of both groups in South Asia (Vatuk 1982; Jeffery 1979), and Hindu and Muslim women both adopt similar strategies of self-effacement, like covering the face, keeping silent, and looking down, when in the company of persons to be avoided.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7 &nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.unicef.org\/esaro\/UNICEF_FGM_report_July_2013_Hi_res.pdf\">Female Genital Mutilation\/Cutting<\/a> \uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131203011547\/http:\/www.unicef.org\/esaro\/UNICEF_FGM_report_July_2013_Hi_res.pdf\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09 UNICEF, (July 2013)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.endfgm.eu\/en\/female-genital-mutilation\/what-is-fgm\/where-is-it-practised\/\">FGM &#8211; Where is it practiced?<\/a> \uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131002143708\/http:\/www.endfgm.eu\/en\/female-genital-mutilation\/what-is-fgm\/where-is-it-practised\/\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09 European Campaign on FGM &amp; Amnesty International (2012)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"http:\/\/kurdistantribune.com\/2013\/tackling-female-genital-mutilation-kurdistan-region\/?doing_wp_cron=1380490541.5694770812988281250000\">Tackling Female Genital Mutilation in the Kurdistan Region<\/a> \uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131202235822\/http:\/kurdistantribune.com\/2013\/tackling-female-genital-mutilation-kurdistan-region\/?doing_wp_cron=1380490541.5694770812988281250000\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09 Sofia Barbarani, The Kurdistan Tribune (March 4, 2013)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7 &nbsp;World Health Organization, Female genital mutilation: an overview. 1998, Geneva: World Health Organization<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; William G. Clarence-Smith (2012) \u2018Female Circumcision in Southeast Asia since the Coming of Islam\u2019, in Chitra Raghavan and James P. Levine (eds.), Self-Determination and Women\u2019s Rights in Muslim Societies, Brandeis University Press; <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/978-1611682809\">978-1611682809<\/a>; see pages 124-146<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <em>Goodkind, Daniel. Should Prenatal Sex Selection be Restricted?: Ethical Questions and Their Implications for Research and Policy. Population Studies. 1999, <strong>53<\/strong> (1): 49\u201361. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2584811\">JSTOR&nbsp;2584811<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080%2F00324720308069\">doi:10.1080\/00324720308069<\/a>.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; A. Gettis, J. Getis, and J. D. Fellmann (2004). Introduction to Geography, Ninth Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 200. <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/0-07-252183-X\">0-07-252183-X<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7 &nbsp;Wei Xing Zhu, Li Lu, Therese Hesketh, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/338\/bmj.b1211\">China&#8217;s Excess Males, Sex Selective Abortion, and One Child Policy: Analysis of Data from 2005 National Intercensus Survey<\/a> \uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131203003654\/http:\/www.bmj.com\/content\/338\/bmj.b1211\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09, BMJ: British Medical Journal, Vol. 338, No. 7700 (Apr. 18, 2009), pp. 920-923<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <em>Arnold, Fred, Kishor, Sunita, &amp; Roy, T. K. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/sim_population-and-development-review_2002-12_28_4\/page\/759\">Sex-Selective Abortions in India<\/a>. Population and Development Review. 2002, <strong>28<\/strong> (4): 759\u2013785. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3092788\">JSTOR&nbsp;3092788<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1728-4457.2002.00759.x\">doi:10.1111\/j.1728-4457.2002.00759.x<\/a>.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <em>France MESL\u00c9; Jacques VALLIN; Irina BADURASHVILI. A Sharp Increase in Sex Ratio at Birth in the Caucasus. Why? How?. Committee for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography. 2007: 73\u201389. <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/2-910053-29-6\">ISBN&nbsp;2-910053-29-6<\/a>.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs241\/en\/\">&#8220;Female genital mutilation&#8221;<\/a> \uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160628070619\/http:\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs241\/en\/\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09, World Health Organization, February 2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"http:\/\/whqlibdoc.who.int\/hq\/2011\/WHO_RHR_11.18_eng.pdf\">&#8220;An update on WHO&#8217;s work on female genital mutilation (FGM)&#8221;<\/a> \uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130701052551\/http:\/whqlibdoc.who.int\/hq\/2011\/WHO_RHR_11.18_eng.pdf\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09, World Health Organization, 2011, p. 2: &#8220;Most women who have experienced FGM live in one of the 28 countries in Africa and the Middle East \u2013 nearly half of them in just two countries: Egypt and Ethiopia. Countries in which FGM has been documented include: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, C\u00f4te d&#8217;Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Togo, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania and Yemen. The prevalence of FGM ranges from 0.6% to 98% of the female population.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rahman, Anika and Nahid Toubia. <em>Female Genital Mutilation: A Guide to Laws and Policies Worldwide<\/em>. Zed Books, 2000 (hereafter Rahman and Toubia 2000), p. 7: &#8220;Currently, FC\/FGM is practiced in 28 African countries in the sub-Saharan and Northeastern regions.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Also see <a href=\"http:\/\/whqlibdoc.who.int\/publications\/2008\/9789241596442_eng.pdf\">&#8220;Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation&#8221;<\/a> \uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130810080948\/http:\/whqlibdoc.who.int\/publications\/2008\/9789241596442_eng.pdf\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09, World Health Organization, 2008, p. 4: &#8220;Types I, II and III female genital mutilation have been documented in 28 countries in Africa and in a few countries in Asia and the Middle East.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7 &nbsp;<em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs241\/en\/\">WHO | Female genital mutilation<\/a>. Who.int. [2014-06-04]. <\/em><em>\uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160628070619\/http:\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs241\/en\/\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2016-06-28\uff09.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"http:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201308050251.html\">Child brides die young<\/a> \uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131216062723\/http:\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201308050251.html\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09 ANTHONY KAMBA, Africa in Fact Journal (1 AUGUST 2013)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.unfpa.org\/webdav\/site\/global\/shared\/documents\/publications\/2012\/MarryingTooYoung.pdf\">Marrying too young, End child marriage<\/a> \uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140111204854\/http:\/www.unfpa.org\/webdav\/site\/global\/shared\/documents\/publications\/2012\/MarryingTooYoung.pdf\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09 United Nations Population Fund (2012), See page 23<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.unicef-irc.org\/publications\/pdf\/digest7e.pdf\">Early Marriage, Child Spouses<\/a> \uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160303183259\/http:\/www.unicef-irc.org\/publications\/pdf\/digest7e.pdf\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09 UNICEF, See section on Asia, page 4 (2001)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.plan.org.au\/News\/2013\/08\/20\/Child-Marriage-in-Southeast-Asia.aspx\">Southeast Asia\u2019s big dilemma: what to do about child marriage?<\/a> \uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131003043715\/https:\/www.plan.org.au\/News\/2013\/08\/20\/Child-Marriage-in-Southeast-Asia.aspx\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09 August 20, 2013<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.irinnews.org\/report\/87873\/philippines-early-marriage-puts-girls-at-risk\">PHILIPPINES: Early marriage puts girls at risk<\/a> \uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131012003548\/http:\/www.irinnews.org\/report\/87873\/philippines-early-marriage-puts-girls-at-risk\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09 IRIN, United Nations News Service (January 26, 2010)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/sites\/default\/files\/reports\/yemen1211ForUpload_0.pdf\">&#8220;How Come You Allow Little Girls to Get Married?&#8221; &#8211; Child Marriage in Yemen<\/a> \uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170202073835\/https:\/www.hrw.org\/sites\/default\/files\/reports\/yemen1211ForUpload_0.pdf\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09 Human Rights Watch, (2011); pages 15-23<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/opinion\/brinkley\/article\/Child-marriage-still-an-issue-in-Saudi-Arabia-3270366.php\">Child marriage still an issue in Saudi Arabia<\/a> \uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131012064722\/http:\/www.sfgate.com\/opinion\/brinkley\/article\/Child-marriage-still-an-issue-in-Saudi-Arabia-3270366.php\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09 Joel Brinkley, San Francisco Chronicle (March 14, 2010)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/now\/shows\/341\/facts.html\">Child Marriage &#8211; What we know?<\/a> \uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171001140548\/https:\/www.pbs.org\/now\/shows\/341\/facts.html\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09 Public Broadcasting Service (United States), 2010<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.unicef-irc.org\/publications\/pdf\/digest7e.pdf\">Early Marriage, Child Spouses<\/a> \uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160303183259\/http:\/www.unicef-irc.org\/publications\/pdf\/digest7e.pdf\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09 UNICEF, See section on Oceania, page 5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/news\/releases\/2013\/child_marriage_20130307\/en\/\">WHO | Child marriages: 39,000 every day<\/a> \uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150424050514\/http:\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/news\/releases\/2013\/child_marriage_20130307\/en\/\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09. Who.int (2013-03-07). Retrieved on 2013-04-06.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/medlineplus\/childsexualabuse.html\">Child Sexual Abuse<\/a>. Medline Plus. U.S. National Library of Medicine,. 2008-04-02 [2015-06-19]. <\/em><em>\uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131205001005\/http:\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/medlineplus\/childsexualabuse.html\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2013-12-05\uff09.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <em><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/sim_american-psychologist_1999-08_54_8\/page\/586\">Guidelines for psychological evaluations in child protection matters. Committee on Professional Practice and Standards, APA Board of Professional Affairs<\/a>. The American Psychologist. August 1999, <strong>54<\/strong> (8): 586\u201393. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10453704\">PMID&nbsp;10453704<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1037%2F0003-066X.54.8.586\">doi:10.1037\/0003-066X.54.8.586<\/a>. <strong>Abuse, sexual (child)<\/strong>: generally defined as contacts between a child and an adult or other person significantly older or in a position of power or control over the child, where the child is being used for sexual stimulation of the adult or other person.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <em><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140607002439\/https:\/www.globalfundforchildren.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/GFC_childtraffic_prost.pdf\">Child Trafficking and Prostitution<\/a> <\/em><em>(PDF)<\/em><em>. Globalfunsforchildren.org. [2014-06-04]. <\/em><em>\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalfundforchildren.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/GFC_childtraffic_prost.pdf\">\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<\/a> <\/em><em>(PDF)<\/em><em>\u5b58\u6863\u4e8e2014-06-07\uff09.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/ethics\/honourcrimes\/crimesofhonour_1.shtml\">Ethics &#8211; Honour crimes<\/a>. BBC. 1970-01-01 [2014-06-04]. <\/em><em>\uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130921053506\/http:\/www.bbc.co.uk\/ethics\/honourcrimes\/crimesofhonour_1.shtml\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2013-09-21\uff09.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7 &nbsp;<em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.unfpa.org\/child-marriage\">Child marriage | UNFPA &#8211; United Nations Population Fund<\/a>. UNFPA. 2018-05-01 [2018-06-27]. <\/em><em>\uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180625212227\/https:\/www.unfpa.org\/child-marriage\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2018-06-25\uff09.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <em>UNICEF\/Pirozzi. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs241\/en\/\">Female genital mutilation<\/a>. Who.int. 2018-01-31 [2018-06-27]. <\/em><em>\uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160628070619\/http:\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs241\/en\/\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2016-06-28\uff09.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.unicef.org\/sowc07\/docs\/sowc07_panel_3_3.pdf\">Child labour&nbsp;: Are girls affected differently from boys<\/a> <\/em><em>(PDF)<\/em><em>. Unicef.org. [2014-06-04]. <\/em><em>\uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20141113233515\/http:\/www.unicef.org\/sowc07\/docs\/sowc07_panel_3_3.pdf\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a> <\/em><em>(PDF)<\/em><em>\u4e8e2014-11-13\uff09.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7 &nbsp;<em><a href=\"http:\/\/paa2009.princeton.edu\/papers\/90836\">Counting Cinderellas<\/a>. Paa2009.princeton.edu. [2014-06-04]. <\/em><em>\uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131029200936\/http:\/paa2009.princeton.edu\/papers\/90836\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2013-10-29\uff09.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7 &nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20111009011622\/http:\/us.camfed.org\/site\/PageServer?pagename=home_index\">CAMFED USA: What we do<\/a>. CAMFED. [2011-10-11]. <\/em><em>\uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/us.camfed.org\/site\/PageServer?pagename=home_index\">\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<\/a>\u5b58\u6863\u4e8e2011-10-09\uff09.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; \u00b7&nbsp; <em><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20111031180025\/http:\/www.swc-cfc.gc.ca\/med\/news-nouvelles\/2011\/1011-eng.html\">Canada Calls on Member States to Proclaim International Day of the Girl (News Release October 11, 2011)<\/a>. Status of Women Canada. [2011-10-11]. <\/em><em>\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/www.swc-cfc.gc.ca\/med\/news-nouvelles\/2011\/1011-eng.html\">\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<\/a>\u5b58\u6863\u4e8e2011-10-31\uff09.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7 &nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thestar.com\/news\/article\/1054768\">\u2018Because I am a Girl\u2019 group finds boys matter, too<\/a>. Toronto Star. 2011-09-17 [2011-10-11]. <\/em><em>\uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110927015455\/http:\/www.thestar.com\/news\/article\/1054768\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2011-09-27\uff09.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7 &nbsp;<em>\u6768\u6167\u8389. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.merit-times.com.tw\/NewsPage.aspx?unid=506809\">\u7d93\u5178\u4eba\u7269 5 \u5361\u85a9\u7279\u751f\u52d5\u523b\u756b \u5973\u6027\u6eab\u99a8\u800c\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u79c1\u5bc6\u7a7a\u9593<\/a>. \u4eba\u95f4\u798f\u62a5. 2018-05-12 [2018-07-31]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180731150148\/http:\/www.merit-times.com.tw\/NewsPage.aspx?unid=506809\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2018-07-31\uff09.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7 &nbsp;<em>Berlioz, Jacques. Il faut sauver Le petit chaperon rouge. Les Collections de L&#8217;Histoires. 2005, (36): 63.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7&nbsp; <em>Kobe Ko. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thestandnews.com\/culture\/%E5%AE%AE%E5%B4%8E%E9%A7%BF%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1%E7%9A%84%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F%E6%84%8F%E8%B1%A1%E5%8F%8A%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E9%AB%94%E6%80%A7\/\">\u5bae\u5d0e\u99ff\u96fb\u5f71\u7684\u7b26\u865f\u610f\u8c61\u8207\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027<\/a><\/em><em>. <\/em><em>\u7acb\u573a\u65b0\u95fb<\/em><em>. <\/em><em>2015-02-06 [2018-07-31]. <\/em><em>\uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170612182135\/http:\/thestandnews.com\/culture\/%E5%AE%AE%E5%B4%8E%E9%A7%BF%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1%E7%9A%84%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F%E6%84%8F%E8%B1%A1%E5%8F%8A%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E9%AB%94%E6%80%A7\/\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2017-06-12\uff09.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2 \u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;Dictionary.com,&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dictionary.com\/browse\/girl\">&#8220;Girl&#8221;<\/a>.<\/em>&nbsp;Retrieved January 2, 2008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-2\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/girl\">&#8220;Girl &#8211; Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary&#8221;<\/a>. Merriam-webster.com. 2012-08-31. Retrieved&nbsp;2014-06-04.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-3\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<em>Webster&#8217;s Revised Unabridged Dictionary<\/em>&nbsp;(1913),&nbsp;<em><a href=\"http:\/\/dictionary.die.net\/girl\">girl<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090122062740\/http:\/\/dictionary.die.net\/girl\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;2009-01-22 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a><\/em>, retrieved 2 January 2008<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-4\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Online Etymology Dictionary,&nbsp;<em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.etymonline.com\/index.php?search=girl&amp;searchmode=none\">girl<\/a><\/em>, retrieved 2 January 2008<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-5\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121116032106\/https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/learningzone\/clips\/the-childhood-and-education-of-elizabeth-i\/5235.html\"><em>The childhood and education of Elizabeth I<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;(Radio Broadcast). August 30, 2012. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/learningzone\/clips\/the-childhood-and-education-of-elizabeth-i\/5235.html\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 2012-11-16.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-6\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Briscoe, Alexandra (2011-02-17).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/british\/tudors\/elizabeth_i_01.shtml\">&#8220;BBC &#8211; History &#8211; Elizabeth I: An Overview&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC\">BBC<\/a><\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;2020-10-15.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-7\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Melton, James Van Horn. (2001).&nbsp;<em>The Rise of the Public in Enlightenment Europe<\/em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-8\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.polytechnique.edu\/en\/1958totoday\">&#8220;1958 to today&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>www.polytechnique.edu<\/em>. 2017. Retrieved&nbsp;2022-04-15.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-9\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Paul L. Allen (2001-07-26).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160303213500\/http:\/\/tucsoncitizen.com\/index.php?page=history_culture&amp;story_id=072601sunrise\">&#8220;Coming of age: Apache twins Fayreen and Farren Holden are welcomed into adulthood in a four-day tribal ceremony&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tucson_Citizen\">Tucson Citizen<\/a><\/em>. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.tucsoncitizen.com\/index.php?page=history_culture&amp;story_id=072601sunrise\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 2016-03-03. Retrieved&nbsp;2011-10-23.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-10\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110716045335\/http:\/\/www.usccb.org\/liturgy\/quinceanera.shtml\">&#8220;Fifteen Questions on the Quincea\u00f1era&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>United States Conference of Catholic Bishops<\/em>. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.usccb.org\/liturgy\/quinceanera.shtml\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 2011-07-16. Retrieved&nbsp;2017-07-31.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-:0_11-0\">Jump up to:&nbsp;<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-:0_11-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-:0_11-2\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-:0_11-3\"><sup><em><strong>d<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-:0_11-4\"><sup><em><strong>e<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;Cartwright, M. (2017). Foot-Binding &#8211; World History Encyclopedia. [online] worldhistory.org. Available at:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Foot-Binding\/\">https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Foot-Binding\/<\/a>&nbsp;[Accessed APril 15, 2022].<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-12\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Perkins, Dorothy (2000).&nbsp;<em>Encyclopedia of China: The Essential Reference to China, Its History and Culture<\/em>. New York, NY: Checkmark Books.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-13\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/SupplementaryConventionAbolitionOfSlavery.aspx\">&#8220;Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery&#8221;<\/a>. Ohchr.org. Retrieved&nbsp;18 July&nbsp;2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-14\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.censusindia.gov.in\/2011census\/population_enumeration.aspx\">Age Data C13 Table (India\/States\/UTs )<\/a>&nbsp;Final Population &#8211; 2011 Census of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India (2013)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-15\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;James W.H. (July 2008), &#8220;Hypothesis:Evidence that Mammalian Sex Ratios at birth are partially controlled by parental hormonal levels around the time of conception&#8221;, Journal of Endocrinology 198 (1), pp 3\u201315<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-16\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;France MESL\u00c9; Jacques VALLIN; Irina BADURASHVILI (2007).&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cicred.org\/Eng\/Publications\/pdf\/BOOK_singapore.pdf#page=85\"><em>A Sharp Increase in Sex Ratio at Birth in the Caucasus. Why? How?<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;(PDF). Committee for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography. pp.&nbsp;73\u201389.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-2-910053-29-1\"><bdi>978-2-910053-29-1<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-17\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.stopvaw.org\/harmful_practices_son_preference\">Son Preference<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-18\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Jones, Adam (1999\u20132000).&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.gendercide.org\/case_infanticide.html\">&#8220;Case Study: Female Infanticide&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Gendercide.org<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-19\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-16787534\">Afghan woman is killed &#8216;for giving birth to a girl&#8217; &#8211; BBC News<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-20\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/city\/bareilly\/23-year-old-woman-killed-for-giving-birth-to-twin-daughters\/articleshow\/57785767.cms\">23-year-old woman killed for giving birth to twin daughters | Bareilly News &#8211; Times of India<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-21\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.deccanchronicle.com\/131127\/news-world\/article\/56-killed-giving-birth-girl-child-pakistan\">56 killed for giving birth to girl child in Pakistan<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-22\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.actionaidusa.org\/sites\/files\/actionaid\/child_sex_ratio_-_presentation_by_census_commissioner.pdf\">CHILD SEX RATIO IN INDIA<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131203181227\/http:\/\/www.actionaidusa.org\/sites\/files\/actionaid\/child_sex_ratio_-_presentation_by_census_commissioner.pdf\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;2013-12-03 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>&nbsp;Dr C Chandramouli, Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India (2011)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-zhu_23-0\">Jump up to:&nbsp;<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-zhu_23-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;Wei Xing Zhu, Li Lu, Therese Hesketh,&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/338\/bmj.b1211\">China&#8217;s Excess Males, Sex Selective Abortion, and One Child Policy: Analysis of Data from 2005 National Intercensus Survey<\/a>, BMJ: British Medical Journal, Vol. 338, No. 7700 (Apr. 18, 2009), pp. 920-923<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-24\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/ddp\/home.do\">&#8220;Gender Statistics Highlights from 2012 World Development Report&#8221;<\/a>. World DataBank, a compilation of databases by the World Bank. February 2012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-25\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Karabin, Sherry (13 June 2007).&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/story\/0,2933,281722,00.html\">&#8220;Infanticide, Abortion Responsible for 60 Million Girls Missing in Asia&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Fox News<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;October 11,&nbsp;2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-26\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrc.org\/resources\/transgender-children-and-youth-understanding-the-basics\">&#8220;Transgender Children &amp; Youth: Understanding the Basics&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Human Rights Campaign<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;2022-10-01.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-27\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/plannedparenthood.org\/learn\/gender-identity\/sex-gender-identity\/whats-intersex\">&#8220;What&#8217;s intersex?&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Planned Parenthood<\/em>. 2020-10-01. Retrieved&nbsp;2022-10-01.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-28\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=ftHV7JM18C8C&amp;pg=PA111\">Ethics And Intersex<\/a>&nbsp;Sharon E. Sytsma<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-Tanner_29-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;(Tanner, 1990).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-U.S._menarche_30-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Anderson SE, Dallal GE, Must A (April 2003). &#8220;Relative weight and race influence average age at menarche: results from two nationally representative surveys of US girls studied 25 years apart&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>Pediatrics<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>111<\/strong>&nbsp;(4 Pt 1): 844\u201350.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542%2Fpeds.111.4.844\">10.1542\/peds.111.4.844<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12671122\">12671122<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-Canadian_menarche_31-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Al-Sahab B, Ardern CI, Hamadeh MJ, Tamim H (2010).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3001737\">&#8220;Age at menarche in Canada: results from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children &amp; Youth&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>BMC Public Health<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>10<\/strong>: 736.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186%2F1471-2458-10-736\">10.1186\/1471-2458-10-736<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_(identifier)\">PMC<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3001737\">3001737<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/21110899\">21110899<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-32\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Salon.com, Kurt Kleiner,&nbsp;<em><a href=\"http:\/\/dir.salon.com\/story\/books\/review\/2003\/06\/19\/ridley\/\">A mind of their own<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110606223442\/http:\/\/dir.salon.com\/story\/books\/review\/2003\/06\/19\/ridley\/\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;2011-06-06 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a><\/em>&nbsp;(book review of&nbsp;<em>Nature via Nurture<\/em>by Matt Ridley), 19 June 2003, retrieved 2 January 2008<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-33\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;BBC, Jane Beresford,&nbsp;<em><a href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/americas\/7152762.stm\">Twins reunited, after 35 years apart<\/a><\/em>, 31 December 2007, retrieved 2 January 2008<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-34\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110629133736\/http:\/\/www.emory.edu\/ACAD_EXCHANGE\/2005\/sept\/wallenqa.html\">&#8220;The Academic Exchange&#8221;<\/a>. 2011-06-29. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.emory.edu\/ACAD_EXCHANGE\/2005\/sept\/wallenqa.html\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 2011-06-29. Retrieved&nbsp;2022-07-16.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-Wijngaard_35-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Marianne van den Wijngaard (1997).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=Dn5cI9BHbKgC&amp;q=en&amp;pg=PA1\"><em>Reinventing the sexes: the biomedical construction of femininity and masculinity. Race, gender, and science<\/em><\/a>. Indiana University Press. pp.&nbsp;171 pages.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-253-21087-6\"><bdi>978-0-253-21087-6<\/bdi><\/a>. Retrieved&nbsp;June 3,&nbsp;2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-Martin_and_Finn_36-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Hale Martin; Stephen Edward Finn (2010).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=5KLPlmr9T7MC&amp;pg=PA30\"><em>Masculinity and Femininity in the MMPI-2 and MMPI-A<\/em><\/a>. U of Minnesota Press. pp.&nbsp;310 pages.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-8166-2445-4\"><bdi>978-0-8166-2445-4<\/bdi><\/a>. Retrieved&nbsp;June 3,&nbsp;2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-Dunphy_37-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Richard Dunphy (2000).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=NVPQkt0bVpAC\"><em>Sexual politics: an introduction<\/em><\/a>. Edinburgh University Press. pp.&nbsp;240 pages.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-7486-1247-5\"><bdi>978-0-7486-1247-5<\/bdi><\/a>. Retrieved&nbsp;June 3,&nbsp;2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-Ferrante_38-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Ferrante, Joan (2010-01-01).&nbsp;<em>Sociology: A Global Perspective<\/em>(7th&nbsp;ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. pp.&nbsp;269\u2013272.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-8400-3204-1\"><bdi>978-0-8400-3204-1<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8216;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-39\">^<\/a><\/em><em><strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20040216042831\/http:\/\/www.who.int\/gender\/whatisgender\/en\/\"><\/a><\/strong><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20040216042831\/http:\/\/www.who.int\/gender\/whatisgender\/en\/\"><strong>Gender, Women and Health: What do we mean by &#8220;sex&#8221; and &#8220;gender&#8221;?<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;The World Health Organization<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-Vetterling-Braggin_40-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Vetterling-Braggin, Mary&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>&#8220;Femininity,&#8221; &#8220;masculinity,&#8221; and &#8220;androgyny&#8221;: a modern philosophical discussion<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-Worell_41-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Worell, Judith,&nbsp;<em>Encyclopedia of women and gender: sex similarities and differences and the impact of society on gender, Volume 1<\/em>&nbsp;Elsevier, 2001,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-12-227246-3\">0-12-227246-3<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-12-227246-2\">978-0-12-227246-2<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-R._Murray_Thomas_42-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Thomas, R. Murray (2000).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=-RxIUDYIuiIC\"><em>Recent Theories of Human Development<\/em><\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SAGE_Publications\">SAGE Publications<\/a>. p.&nbsp;248.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0761922476\"><bdi>978-0761922476<\/bdi><\/a>.&nbsp;<q>Gender feminists also consider traditional feminine traits (gentleness, modesty, humility, sacrifice, supportiveness, empathy, compassion, tenderness, nurturance, intuitiveness, sensitivity, unselfishness) morally superior to the traditional masculine traits of courage, strong will, ambition, independence, assertiveness, initiative, rationality and emotional control.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-43\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Witt, Charlotte, ed. (2010).&nbsp;<em>Feminist Metaphysics: Explorations in the Ontology of Sex, Gender and Identity<\/em>. Dordrecht: Springer. p.&nbsp;77.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-90-481-3782-4\"><bdi>978-90-481-3782-4<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-savethechildren_44-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Mayor S (2004).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC411126\">&#8220;Pregnancy and childbirth are leading causes of death in teenage girls in developing countries&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>BMJ<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>328<\/strong>(7449): 1152.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136%2Fbmj.328.7449.1152-a\">10.1136\/bmj.328.7449.1152-a<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_(identifier)\">PMC<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC411126\">411126<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15142897\">15142897<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-45\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Loto OM, Ezechi OC, Kalu BK, Loto A, Ezechi L, Ogunniyi SO (2004). &#8220;Poor obstetric performance of teenagers: Is it age- or quality of care-related?&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>24<\/strong>(4): 395\u2013398.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F01443610410001685529\">10.1080\/01443610410001685529<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15203579\">15203579<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\">S2CID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:43808921\">43808921<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-46\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Abalkhail BA (1995). &#8220;Adolescent pregnancy: Are there biological barriers for pregnancy outcomes?&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>70<\/strong>&nbsp;(5\u20136): 609\u2013625.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17214178\">17214178<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_47-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/newsbeat\/26326035\">&#8220;Young mothers face stigma and abuse, say charities&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>BBC News<\/em>. 25 February 2014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-PLAN_International_48-0\">Jump up to:&nbsp;<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-PLAN_International_48-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-PLAN_International_48-2\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/plan-international.org\/files\/global\/publications\/education\/girls_education_economics.pdf\">&#8220;Paying the Price: The economic cost of failing to educate girls&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF). PLAN International. Retrieved&nbsp;October 11,&nbsp;2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-UNICEF_49-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/unicef.org\/publications\/index_18108.html\">The State of the World&#8217;s Children 2004 &#8211; Girls, Education and Development&nbsp;<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180620001048\/https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/publications\/index_18108.html\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;2018-06-20 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>, UNICEF, 2004<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-50\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Peer, Basharat (10 October 2012),&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/online\/blogs\/newsdesk\/2012\/10\/the-girl-who-wanted-to-go-to-school.html\">&#8220;The Girl Who Wanted To Go To School&#8221;<\/a>, The New Yorker<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-51\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Emory University website,&nbsp;<em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.emory.edu\/ACAD_EXCHANGE\/2005\/sept\/wallenqa.html\">Women&#8217;s work?<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110629133736\/http:\/\/www.emory.edu\/ACAD_EXCHANGE\/2005\/sept\/wallenqa.html\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;2011-06-29 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a><\/em>, September 2005, retrieved 2 January 2008<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-52\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;PBS.org,&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/bb\/health\/july-dec98\/naturenurture_10-20.html\">Nature vs. nurture<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140122102319\/http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/bb\/health\/july-dec98\/naturenurture_10-20.html\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;2014-01-22 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a><\/em>, 20 October 1998, retrieved 2 January 2008<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-literacytrust_53-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;literacytrust.org,&nbsp;<em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.literacytrust.org.uk\/database\/stats\/englandstats.html\">Literacy achievement in England, including gender split<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081209024937\/http:\/\/www.literacytrust.org.uk\/database\/stats\/englandstats.html\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;2008-12-09 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a><\/em>, 2007, retrieved 7 December 2008<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-54\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;New York Times, Katherine Q Seelye,&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html?res=9E0DE0DE1F39F937A25750C0A961958260\">Group Seeks to Alter S.A.T. to Raise Girls&#8217; Scores<\/a><\/em>, 14 March 1997, retrieved 2 January 2008<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-55\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;ABC News, John Berman,&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/WNT\/story?id=2376202\">Girls Achieve Rare SAT Scores<\/a><\/em>, 30 August 2006, retrieved 2 January 2008<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-56\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;harrisschool.uchicago.edu,&nbsp;<em><a href=\"http:\/\/harrisschool.uchicago.edu\/about\/publications\/research-report\/rr2006\/classrooms.asp\">Girl-Dominated Classrooms Can Improve Boys\u2019 Early School Performance<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070819010756\/http:\/\/harrisschool.uchicago.edu\/About\/publications\/research-report\/rr2006\/classrooms.asp\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;2007-08-19 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a><\/em>, retrieved 2 January 2008<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_57-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/south_asia\/7466916.stm\">&#8220;India baby girl deaths &#8216;increase'&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>BBC News<\/em>. 21 June 2008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-58\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150429020903\/http:\/\/www.teachers.org.uk\/node\/12978\">&#8220;Global issues affecting women and girls | National Union of Teachers &#8211; NUT&#8221;<\/a>. Teachers.org.uk. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.teachers.org.uk\/node\/12978\">the original<\/a>on 2015-04-29. Retrieved&nbsp;2014-06-04.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-59\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.campaignforeducationusa.org\/obstacles-to-education-for-girls-and-women\">&#8220;Global Campaign For Education United States Chapter&#8221;<\/a>. Campaignforeducationusa.org. Retrieved&nbsp;2014-06-04.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-60\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/plan-international.org\/files\/Africa\/progress-and-obstacles-to-girls-education-in-africa\">&#8220;Because I am a Girl&#8221;<\/a>. Plan-international.org. Retrieved&nbsp;2014-06-04.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-61\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Salomone, Rosemary C. &#8220;Are Single-Sex Schools Inherently Unequal? Same, Different, Equal: Rethinking Single-Sex Schooling.&#8221; &#8220;Michigan Law Review.&#8221; 102(6):1219-1244<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-World_Bank_2012_62-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;The World Bank. 2012. &#8220;Gender Equality and Development: World Development Report 2012.&#8221; Washington, D.C: The World Bank.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-63\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Nussbaum, Martha C. 2003. &#8220;Women&#8217;s Education: A Global Challenge.&#8221; &#8220;Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society&#8221; 29(2): 325\u2013355<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-Wilkinson-Weber1999_64-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Wilkinson-Weber, Clare M. (25 March 1999).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/embroideringlive0000wilk\/page\/74\"><em>Embroidering Lives: Women&#8217;s Work and Skill in the Lucknow Embroidery Industry<\/em><\/a>. SUNY Press. p.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/embroideringlive0000wilk\/page\/74\">74<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780791440889\"><bdi>9780791440889<\/bdi><\/a>.&nbsp;<q>Purdah regulates the interactions of women with certain kinds of men. Typically, Hindu women must avoid specific male affines (in-laws) and Muslim women are restricted from contact with men outside the family, or at least their contact with these men is highly circumscribed (Papanek 1982:3). In practice, many elements of both &#8220;Hindu&#8221; and &#8220;Muslim&#8221; purdah are shared by women of both groups in South Asia (Vatuk 1982; Jeffery 1979), and Hindu and Muslim women both adopt similar strategies of self-effacement, like covering the face, keeping silent, and looking down, when in the company of persons to be avoided.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-Female_Genetic_Mutilation\/Cutting_65-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.unicef.org\/esaro\/UNICEF_FGM_report_July_2013_Hi_res.pdf\">Female Genital Mutilation\/Cutting<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131203011547\/http:\/\/www.unicef.org\/esaro\/UNICEF_FGM_report_July_2013_Hi_res.pdf\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;2013-12-03 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>&nbsp;UNICEF, (July 2013)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-FGM_-_Where_is_it_practiced_66-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.endfgm.eu\/en\/female-genital-mutilation\/what-is-fgm\/where-is-it-practised\/\">FGM &#8211; Where is it practiced?<\/a>&nbsp;European Campaign on FGM &amp; Amnesty International (2012)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-67\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/kurdistantribune.com\/2013\/tackling-female-genital-mutilation-kurdistan-region\/?doing_wp_cron=1380490541.5694770812988281250000\">Tackling Female Genital Mutilation in the Kurdistan Region<\/a>Sofia Barbarani, The Kurdistan Tribune (March 4, 2013)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-World_Health_Organization_1998_68-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;World Health Organization, Female genital mutilation: an overview. 1998, Geneva: World Health Organization<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-William_G._Clarence-Smith_2012_pages_124-146_69-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;William G. Clarence-Smith (2012) \u2018Female Circumcision in Southeast Asia since the Coming of Islam\u2019, in Chitra Raghavan and James P. Levine (eds.), Self-Determination and Women&#8217;s Rights in Muslim Societies, Brandeis University Press;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1611682809\">978-1611682809<\/a>; see pages 124-146<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-Goodkind_70-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Goodkind, Daniel (1999). &#8220;Should Prenatal Sex Selection be Restricted?: Ethical Questions and Their Implications for Research and Policy&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>Population Studies<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>53<\/strong>&nbsp;(1): 49\u201361.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F00324720308069\">10.1080\/00324720308069<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_(identifier)\">JSTOR<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2584811\">2584811<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-Gettis_71-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;A. Gettis, J. Getis, and J. D. Fellmann (2004). Introduction to Geography, Ninth Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 200.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-07-252183-X\">0-07-252183-X<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-Arnold_72-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Arnold, Fred; Kishor, Sunita; Roy, T. K. (2002). &#8220;Sex-Selective Abortions in India&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>Population and Development Review<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>28<\/strong>&nbsp;(4): 759\u2013785.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1728-4457.2002.00759.x\">10.1111\/j.1728-4457.2002.00759.x<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_(identifier)\">JSTOR<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3092788\">3092788<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-73\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;France MESL\u00c9; Jacques VALLIN; Irina BADURASHVILI (2007).&nbsp;<em>A Sharp Increase in Sex Ratio at Birth in the Caucasus. Why? How?<\/em>. Committee for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography. pp.&nbsp;73\u201389.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-2-910053-29-1\"><bdi>978-2-910053-29-1<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-WHO1_74-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs241\/en\/\">&#8220;Female genital mutilation&#8221;<\/a>, World Health Organization, February 2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-Rahman2000p7_75-0\">^<\/a><\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/whqlibdoc.who.int\/hq\/2011\/WHO_RHR_11.18_eng.pdf\">&#8220;An update on WHO&#8217;s work on female genital mutilation (FGM)&#8221;<\/a>, World Health Organization, 2011, p. 2: &#8220;Most women who have experienced FGM live in one of the 28 countries in Africa and the Middle East \u2013 nearly half of them in just two countries: Egypt and Ethiopia. Countries in which FGM has been documented include: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, C\u00f4te d&#8217;Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Togo, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania and Yemen. The prevalence of FGM ranges from 0.6% to 98% of the female population.&#8221;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rahman, Anika and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nahid_Toubia\">Toubia, Nahid<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Female Genital Mutilation: A Guide to Laws and Policies Worldwide<\/em>. Zed Books, 2000 (hereafter Rahman and Toubia 2000), p. 7: &#8220;Currently, FC\/FGM is practiced in 28 African countries in the sub-Saharan and North-eastern regions.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Also see&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/whqlibdoc.who.int\/publications\/2008\/9789241596442_eng.pdf\">&#8220;Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation&#8221;<\/a>, World Health Organization, 2008, p. 4: &#8220;Types I, II and III female genital mutilation have been documented in 28 countries in Africa and in a few countries in Asia and the Middle East.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-76\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs241\/en\/\">&#8220;WHO | Female genital mutilation&#8221;<\/a>. Who.int. Retrieved&nbsp;2014-06-04.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-77\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201308050251.html\">Child brides die young<\/a>&nbsp;ANTHONY KAMBA, Africa in Fact Journal (1 AUGUST 2013)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-78\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.unfpa.org\/webdav\/site\/global\/shared\/documents\/publications\/2012\/MarryingTooYoung.pdf\">Marrying too young, End child marriage<\/a>&nbsp;United Nations Population Fund (2012), See page 23<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-79\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.unicef-irc.org\/publications\/pdf\/digest7e.pdf\">Early Marriage, Child Spouses<\/a>&nbsp;UNICEF, See section on Asia, page 4 (2001)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-80\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.plan.org.au\/News\/2013\/08\/20\/Child-Marriage-in-Southeast-Asia.aspx\">Southeast Asia&#8217;s big dilemma: what to do about child marriage?<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131003043715\/http:\/\/www.plan.org.au\/News\/2013\/08\/20\/Child-Marriage-in-Southeast-Asia.aspx\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;2013-10-03 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>August 20, 2013<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-81\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.irinnews.org\/report\/87873\/philippines-early-marriage-puts-girls-at-risk\">PHILIPPINES: Early marriage puts girls at risk<\/a>&nbsp;IRIN, United Nations News Service (January 26, 2010)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-82\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/sites\/default\/files\/reports\/yemen1211ForUpload_0.pdf\">&#8220;How Come You Allow Little Girls to Get Married?&#8221; &#8211; Child Marriage in Yemen<\/a>&nbsp;Human Rights Watch, (2011); pages 15-23<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-83\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/opinion\/brinkley\/article\/Child-marriage-still-an-issue-in-Saudi-Arabia-3270366.php\">Child marriage still an issue in Saudi Arabia<\/a>&nbsp;Joel Brinkley, San Francisco Chronicle (March 14, 2010)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-pbs2010_84-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/now\/shows\/341\/facts.html\">Child Marriage &#8211; What we know?<\/a>&nbsp;Public Broadcasting Service (United States), 2010<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-85\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.unicef-irc.org\/publications\/pdf\/digest7e.pdf\">Early Marriage, Child Spouses<\/a>&nbsp;UNICEF, See section on Oceania, page 5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-86\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130314073138\/http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/news\/releases\/2013\/child_marriage_20130307\/en\/\">WHO | Child marriages: 39,000 every day<\/a>. Who.int (2013-03-07). Retrieved on 2013-04-06.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-medline2008_87-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/medlineplus\/childsexualabuse.html\">&#8220;Child Sexual Abuse&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Medline Plus<\/em>. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 2008-04-02.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-APA_Guidelines_88-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;&#8220;Guidelines for psychological evaluations in child protection matters. Committee on Professional Practice and Standards, APA Board of Professional Affairs&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>The American Psychologist<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>54<\/strong>&nbsp;(8): 586\u201393. August 1999.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037%2F0003-066X.54.8.586\">10.1037\/0003-066X.54.8.586<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/10453704\">10453704<\/a>.&nbsp;<q><strong>Abuse, sexual (child)<\/strong>: generally defined as contacts between a child and an adult or other person significantly older or in a position of power or control over the child, where the child is being used for sexual stimulation of the adult or other person.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-89\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140607002439\/https:\/\/www.globalfundforchildren.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/GFC_childtraffic_prost.pdf\">&#8220;Child Trafficking and Prostitution&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF). Globalfunsforchildren.org. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalfundforchildren.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/GFC_childtraffic_prost.pdf\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;on 2014-06-07. Retrieved&nbsp;2014-06-04.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-90\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/ethics\/honourcrimes\/crimesofhonour_1.shtml\">&#8220;Ethics &#8211; Honour crimes&#8221;<\/a>. BBC. 1970-01-01. Retrieved&nbsp;2014-06-04.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-91\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.unfpa.org\/child-marriage\">Child marriage | UNFPA &#8211; United Nations Population Fund<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-92\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs241\/en\/\">Female genital mutilation<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-93\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20141113233515\/http:\/\/www.unicef.org\/sowc07\/docs\/sowc07_panel_3_3.pdf\">&#8220;Child labour&nbsp;: Are girls affected differently from boys&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF). Unicef.org. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.unicef.org\/sowc07\/docs\/sowc07_panel_3_3.pdf\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;on 2014-11-13. Retrieved&nbsp;2014-06-04.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-94\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131029200936\/http:\/\/paa2009.princeton.edu\/papers\/90836\">&#8220;Counting Cinderellas&#8221;<\/a>. Paa2009.princeton.edu. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/paa2009.princeton.edu\/papers\/90836\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 2013-10-29. Retrieved&nbsp;2014-06-04.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-95\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20111009011622\/http:\/\/us.camfed.org\/site\/PageServer?pagename=home_index\">&#8220;CAMFED USA: What we do&#8221;<\/a>. CAMFED. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/us.camfed.org\/site\/PageServer?pagename=home_index\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on October 9, 2011. Retrieved&nbsp;October 11,&nbsp;2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-96\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20111031180025\/http:\/\/www.swc-cfc.gc.ca\/med\/news-nouvelles\/2011\/1011-eng.html\">&#8220;Canada Calls on Member States to Proclaim International Day of the Girl (News Release October 11, 2011)&#8221;<\/a>. Status of Women Canada. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.swc-cfc.gc.ca\/med\/news-nouvelles\/2011\/1011-eng.html\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on October 31, 2011. Retrieved&nbsp;October 11,&nbsp;2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-97\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thestar.com\/news\/article\/1054768\">&#8220;&#8216;Because I am a Girl&#8217; group finds boys matter, too&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Toronto Star<\/em>. 17 September 2011. Retrieved&nbsp;October 11,&nbsp;2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girl#cite_ref-98\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2015\/nov\/25\/the-guardian-view-on-alice-in-wonderland-a-dauntless-no-nonsense-heroine\">&#8220;The Guardian view on Alice in Wonderland: a dauntless, no-nonsense heroine&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Guardian\">The Guardian<\/a><\/em>. 25 November 2015.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210309021146\/https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2015\/nov\/25\/the-guardian-view-on-alice-in-wonderland-a-dauntless-no-nonsense-heroine\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved&nbsp;12 July2022.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u5e76\u8865\u5145\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[62],"tags":[155,101],"class_list":["post-1902","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-human-community-and-society","tag-155","tag-101"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1902","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1902"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1902\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1902"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1902"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1902"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}