{"id":1913,"date":"2023-11-23T15:43:04","date_gmt":"2023-11-23T07:43:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=1913"},"modified":"2025-01-31T17:20:53","modified_gmt":"2025-01-31T09:20:53","slug":"bangkok-fulltext-zhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2023\/11\/23\/bangkok-fulltext-zhen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u66fc\u8c37 \/ Bangkok – \uff08\u5168\u6587\uff09\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u878d\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3001\u6574\u5408\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u3002\u4e0e\u539f\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faaCC-BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/a>\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u82f1\u6587<\/strong>\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u5e76\u8865\u5145\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u6587<\/strong>\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5408\u89c4\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u4e0a\u4f20\u3002
\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>\u3002
\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff08Wikipedia\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\uff08\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\uff09<\/a>\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8bd1\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\u5c01\u9762\u56fe\u7247\uff1aThis is a photo of a monument in Thailand identified by the ID
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u901a\u8fc7ID\u8bc6\u522bd \u6cf0\u56fd\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u7684\u7167\u7247
\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aPreecha.MJ<\/a> \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u6587\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

0. \u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0.1 \u56fe\u7247\u96c6\uff08\u5730\u6807\u3001\u5730\u56fe\u3001\u5fbd\u6807\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u56fe0-1\u81f30-9\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY 3.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37 \u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e01\uff08\u6cf0\u8bed\uff09 Bangkok\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff09 \u606d\u8d34\u739b\u54c8\u7eb3\u7a7a \u0e01\u0e23\u0e38\u0e07\u0e40\u0e17\u0e1e\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e23\uff08\u6cf0\u8bed\uff09 Krung Thep Maha Nakhon\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aNordNordWest<\/a> – self-made, using Thailand location map.svg<\/a>
\u5750\u6807\uff1a13\u00b045\u2032N 100\u00b031\u2032E<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n

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\u7531openstreetmap\u622a\u56fe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

0.1 \u6982\u51b5\u8868\u683c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u56fd\u5bb6<\/th>\u6cf0\u56fd<\/td><\/tr>
Region\uff08\u533a\u57df\uff09<\/th>Central Thailand \uff08\u6cf0\u56fd\u4e2d\u90e8\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u7701\u4efd<\/th>\u66fc\u8c37\u76f4\u8f96\u5e02<\/td><\/tr>
\u5efa\u7acb<\/th>\u5927\u57ce\u738b\u56fd\u65f6\u4ee3<\/td><\/tr>
Settled\uff08\u5efa\u57ce\uff09<\/th>c.\u200915th century\uff08\u516c\u514315\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u5b9a\u90fd\u4e8e<\/th>1782\u5e744\u670821\u65e5<\/td><\/tr>
Re-incorporated\uff08\u91cd\u65b0\u6210\u4e3a\u5b9e\u4f53\uff09<\/th>13 December 1972
1972 \u5e74 12 \u6708 13 \u65e5<\/td><\/tr>
Founded by\uff08\u521b\u5efa\u8005\uff09<\/th>King Rama I\uff08\u62c9\u739b\u4e00\u4e16\u56fd\u738b\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u653f\u5e9c<\/th><\/tr>
Governing body\uff08\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u6784\uff09<\/th>Bangkok Metropolitan Administration
\uff08\u66fc\u8c37\u5927\u90fd\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 Type\uff08\u7c7b\u578b\uff09<\/th>Special administrative area\uff08\u7279\u522b\u884c\u653f\u533a\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 \u5e02\u957f<\/th>\u67e5\u5bdf\u00b7\u897f\u63d0\u6f58<\/td><\/tr>
\u9762\u79ef<\/th><\/tr>
\u2022 \u9996\u90fd\u3001\u7279\u522b\u76f4\u8f96\u5e02<\/th>1,568.737 \u5e73\u65b9\u5343\u7c73\uff08605.693 \u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 \u90fd\u4f1a\u533a<\/th>7,761.50 \u5e73\u65b9\u5343\u7c73\uff082,996.73 \u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u4eba\u53e3\uff082019\u5e74\uff09<\/th><\/tr>
\u2022 \u9996\u90fd\u3001\u7279\u522b\u76f4\u8f96\u5e02<\/th>10,820,921\u4eba<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 \u5bc6\u5ea6<\/th>5,300\u4eba\/\u5e73\u65b9\u5343\u7c73\uff0814,000\u4eba\/\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 \u90fd\u4f1a\u533a<\/th>10,624,700<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 \u90fd\u4f1a\u533a\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/th>1,900\u4eba\/\u5e73\u65b9\u5343\u7c73\uff085,000\u4eba\/\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u65f6\u533a<\/th>\u5370\u5ea6\u652f\u90a3\u65f6\u95f4\uff08UTC+7\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
ISO 3166-2<\/th>TH-10<\/td><\/tr>
Postal code\uff08\u90ae\u653f\u7f16\u7801\uff09<\/th>10###<\/td><\/tr>
Area code\uff08\u5730\u533a\u4ee3\u7801\uff09<\/th>02<\/td><\/tr>
Website\uff08\u7f51\u7ad9\uff09<\/th>main.bangkok.go.th<\/td><\/tr>
\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u6c14\u6e29<\/th>30 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n
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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY 2.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aBangkok, Thailand View from the State Tower
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4ece\u56fd\u5bb6\u5854\u770b\u6cf0\u56fd\u66fc\u8c37\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aNinara<\/a> from Helsinki, Finland<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

0.2 \u6587\u5b57\u8bf4\u660e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u66fc\u8c37<\/strong>\uff08\u6cf0\u8bed<\/a>\uff1a\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e01\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\uff1aBangkok\uff09\u5b98\u65b9\u540d\u5b57\u606d\u8d34\u739b\u54c8\u7eb3\u7a7a<\/strong>[2]<\/a>\uff08\u6cf0\u8bed\uff1a\u0e01\u0e23\u0e38\u0e07\u0e40\u0e17\u0e1e\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e23\uff0c\u8f6c\u5199<\/a>\uff1akrung de\u02d0b maha\u02d0 nagara\uff0c\u7687\u5bb6\u8f6c\u5199<\/a>\uff1aKrung Thep Maha Nakhon\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u97f3\u6807\uff1a[kr\u016b\u014b t\u02b0\u00ea\u02d0p mah\u01ce\u02d0 n\u00e1k\u02b0\u0254\u0304\u02d0n]\u8046\u542c<\/a>\u24d8<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u53e3\u8bed\u7b80\u79f0\u606d\u8d34<\/strong>[3]<\/a>\uff08\u6cf0\u8bed\uff1a\u0e01\u0e23\u0e38\u0e07\u0e40\u0e17\u0e1e\uff0c\u7687\u5bb6\u8f6c\u5199<\/a>\uff1aKrung Thep\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u97f3\u6807\uff1a[kr\u016b\u014b t\u02b0\u00ea\u02d0p]\uff0c\u8046\u542c<\/a>\u24d8<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd<\/a>\u7684\u9996\u90fd\u548c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u57ce\u5e02<\/a>\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u534e\u4eba<\/a>\u53c8\u79f0\u6cf0\u4eac<\/strong>\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u4e3a\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u8d38\u6613\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u79d1\u6280\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u57282020\u5e74\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u5c31\u6709\u7ea6\u4e3a1053.9\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u5360\u6cf0\u56fd\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u768415.3%\u30022010\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc71400\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u5373\u7ea6\u670922.2%\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\u4e8e\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u90fd\u5e02\u90ca\u533a\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u5e02\u4f4d\u4e8e\u662d\u62ab\u8036\u6cb3<\/a>\u7684\u4e1c\u5cb8\uff0c\u90bb\u8fd1\u6cf0\u56fd\u6e7e<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u523015\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u963f\u745c\u9640\u8036\u738b\u56fd<\/a>\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u578b\u8d38\u6613\u7ad9\uff0c\u8be5\u7ad9\u6700\u7ec8\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9996\u90fd\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6240\u5728\u5730\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f1768\u5e74\u7684\u541e\u6b66\u91cc\u738b\u56fd<\/a>\u548c1782\u5e74\u7684\u62c9\u8fbe\u90a3\u54e5\u6b23\u738b\u56fd<\/a>\uff0c\u540e\u5728\u66b9\u7f57\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u4e8e19\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u884c\u90fd\u5e02\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u9762\u4e34\u6765\u81ea\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u66b9\u7f57\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u6cf0\u56fd\u3002\u800c\u66fc\u8c37\u4e5f\u5728\u6574\u4e2a20\u4e16\u7eaa\u6210\u4e3a\u6cf0\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5e76\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u6cf0\u56fd\u5e9f\u9664\u7edd\u5bf9\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u91c7\u7528\u5baa\u653f\u3001\u591a\u6b21\u653f\u53d8\u548c\u51e0\u6b21\u8d77\u4e49\u7b49\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u30021972\u5e74\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u7279\u522b\u884c\u653f\u533a\uff0c\u5e76\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u81f31980\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5bf9\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4e9a\u6d32\u6295\u8d44\u70ed\u6f6e\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u5c06\u5176\u5730\u533a\u603b\u90e8\u8bbe\u5728\u66fc\u8c37\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u91d1\u878d\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u7684\u533a\u57df\u91cd\u9547\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4ea4\u901a\u548c\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u67a2\u7ebd\uff0c\u5e76\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u827a\u672f\u3001\u65f6\u5c1a\u548c\u5a31\u4e50\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u4f9d\u7167\u5168\u7403\u5316\u53ca\u4e16\u754c\u57ce\u5e02\u7814\u7a76\u7f51\u7edc<\/a>\uff08GaWC\uff09\u6240\u516c\u5e03\u4e4b\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u7ea7\u57ce\u5e02<\/a>\u201d\u540d\u5355\u4e2d\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u88ab\u5217\u4e3a\u4e0e\u65af\u5fb7\u54e5\u5c14\u6469<\/a>\u3001\u82cf\u9ece\u4e16<\/a>\u3001\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71<\/a>\u3001\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3<\/a>\u7b49\u540c\u5c5e\u4e8eAlpha\u2212\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u90fd\u5e02\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u4ee5\u5176\u8857\u5934\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u6587\u5316\u5730\u6807\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ea2\u706f\u533a\u800c\u95fb\u540d\u3002\u6210\u4e3a\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u9876\u7ea7\u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u8bc4\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u8bbf\u95ee\u91cf\u6700\u5927\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd1\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u957f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u57ce\u5e02\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u66fc\u8c37\u57ce\u5e02\u666f\u89c2\u6742\u4e71\u65e0\u7ae0\uff0c\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u7f51\u7edc\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u4f46\u9053\u8def\u8109\u7edc\u4e0d\u8db3\u548c\u5927\u91cf\u79c1\u5bb6\u8f66\u4f7f\u7528\u5bfc\u81f4\u957f\u671f\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u62e5\u5835\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\u9020\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8be5\u5e02\u5df2\u7ecf\u8f6c\u5411\u516c\u5171\u4ea4\u901a\uff0c\u8fd0\u8425\u4e868\u6761\u57ce\u5e02\u94c1\u7ebf\u8def\u5e76\u5efa\u8bbe\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u5171\u4ea4\u901a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u8fc1<\/a>\uff0c\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u4e5f\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u5347<\/a>\u7b49\u957f\u671f\u73af\u5883\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 3.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aGrand Palace Bangkok, Thailand
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6cf0\u56fd\u66fc\u8c37\u5927\u7687\u5bab<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aAndy Marchand<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

1. \u540d\u79f0 | Name<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u66fe\u5148\u540e\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u66fc\u8c37\u3001\u541e\u6b66\u91cc\u3001\u62c9\u8fbe\u90a3\u54e5\u6b23\u3001\u5e15\u90a3\u7a7a\u3001\u606d\u8d34\u541e\u6b66\u91cc\u3001\u606d\u8d34\u739b\u54c8\u7eb3\u7a7a[3]<\/a>\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u534e\u4eba\u4e5f\u79f0\u66b9\u4eac<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u800c2022\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a<\/a>\u5ba3\u5e03\u5c06\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u540d\u79f0\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u606d\u8d34\u739b\u54c8\u7eb3\u7a7a<\/strong>\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff1aKrung Thep Maha Nakhon\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u7ee7\u7eed\u627f\u8ba4\u66fc\u8c37<\/strong>\u4e00\u8bcd\u3002[2]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.1 \u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u8bcd\u6e90<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u5185\u5bb9\u5b58\u5728\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u81ea\u884c\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

The origin of the name Bangkok<\/em> (\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e01, pronounced in Thai as [b\u0101\u02d0\u014bk\u0254\u0300\u02d0k]<\/a>\u24d8<\/a>) is unclear. Bang<\/em>\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07 is a Thai word meaning ‘a village on a stream’,[13]<\/a> and the name might have been derived from Bang Ko<\/em> (\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e01\u0e32\u0e30), ko<\/em>\u0e40\u0e01\u0e32\u0e30 meaning ‘island’, stemming from the city’s watery landscape.[9]<\/a> Another theory suggests that it is shortened from Bang Makok<\/em> (\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\u0e21\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e01), makok<\/em>\u0e21\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e01 being the name of Elaeocarpus hygrophilus<\/a><\/em>, a plant bearing olive-like fruit.[d]<\/a> This is supported by the former name of Wat Arun<\/a>, a historic temple in the area, that used to be called Wat Makok<\/em>.[14]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\uff08Bangkok\uff09\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6765\u6e90\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\u3002”Bang”\uff08\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\uff09\u662f\u6cf0\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u6eaa\u8fb9\u7684\u6751\u5e84\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u53ef\u80fd\u6e90\u4e8e\u201cBang Ko\u201d\uff08\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e01\u0e32\u0e30\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u201cKo\u201d\uff08\u0e40\u0e01\u0e32\u0e30\uff09\u6307\u7684\u662f\u201c\u5c9b\u5c7f\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u66fc\u8c37\u591a\u6c34\u7684\u5730\u5f62\u6709\u5173\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b83\u7f29\u77ed\u81ea\u201cBang Makok\u201d\uff08\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\u0e21\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e01\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u201cMakok\u201d\uff08\u0e21\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e01\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ed3\u51fa\u6a44\u6984\u72b6\u679c\u5b9e\u7684\u690d\u7269\uff08Elaeocarpus hygrophilus\uff09\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u66fc\u8c37\u5730\u533a\u5386\u53f2\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u5bfa\u5e99Wat Arun\u66fe\u7ecf\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aWat Makok\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aWat Phra Kaew<\/a>, viewed from the Outer Court of the Grand Palace, just inside the Wisetchaisi Gate. Also known as the Temple of the Emerald Buddha, it is Thailand’s primary Buddhist temple. Located within the grounds of the Grand Palace, Wat Phra Kaew is technically a royal chapel, as unlike regular temples it does not include living quarters for Buddhist monks. Edit by me, User:TSP<\/a>, of File:Wat_Phra_Kaew_by_Ninara_(33271955941).jpg<\/a> as permitted by the CC-BY licence of that file.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7389\u4f5b\u5bfa\uff08Wat Phra Kaew\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u5927\u7687\u5bab\u5916\u5ef7\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u5728 Wisetchaisi \u95e8\u5185\u3002 \u53c8\u79f0\u7389\u4f5b\u5bfa\uff0c\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u5bfa\u5e99\u3002 \u7389\u4f5b\u5bfa\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5927\u7687\u5bab\u5185\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u5ea7\u7687\u5bb6\u793c\u62dc\u5802\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u5bfa\u5e99\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u4f5b\u6559\u50e7\u4fa3\u7684\u5c45\u4f4f\u533a\u3002 \u7531\u6211\uff08\u7528\u6237\uff1aTSP\uff09\u7f16\u8f91\u6587\u4ef6\uff1aWat_Phra_Kaew_by_Ninara_(33271955941).jpg\uff0c\u7ecf\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 CC-BY \u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u8bb8\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aOriginal image: Ninara<\/a> from Helsinki, Finland. Edit: TSP<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u66fc\u8c37\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u8fd0\u6cb3\u5c06\u57ce\u5e02\u5207\u4e3a\u5c9b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u50cf\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u5168\u5e74\u6d2a\u707e\u9891\u53d1\uff0c\u201c\u66fc\u8c37\u201d\u672c\u6765\u662f\u6cf0\u8bed\u201c\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e01\u0e32\u0e30\u201d\uff08Bangko; [b\u0101\u02d0\u014b k\u0254\u0300\u0294]\uff09\u7684\u97f3\u8bd1\uff0c\u201c\u66fc\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u6cb3\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u8c37\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u5c9b\u201d\uff0c\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u6cb3\u6ee8\u5c9b\u6751\u201d\u3002\u90a3\u83b1<\/a>\u5927\u5e1d\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5f97\u62c9\u739b\uff08\u6cd5\u8bed\uff1aDe Lamar\uff09\u4e3a\u6cf0\u56fd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u66fc\u8c37\u661f\u5f62\u8981\u585e<\/a>\uff0c\u5e76\u6ce8\u660e\u4f4d\u4e8e\u66fc\u8c37\u5c9b\uff08\u6cd5\u8bed\uff1a\u00ce. de Bangkok\uff09\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1 \u201cBangkok\u201d \uff08\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e01; [ba\u014bkok]\uff09\u4e00\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u8bcd\u5c3e\u7684 \/\u0294<\/a>\/ \u6539\u6210 \/k<\/a>\/ \u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u53d1\u97f3\u3002\u5efa\u7acb\u9996\u90fd\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u5185\u4e3b\u8981\u65cf\u7fa4\u4ee5\u6f6e\u5dde\u4eba<\/a>\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6309\u7167\u6f6e\u9633\u8bdd<\/a>\u7684\u53d1\u97f3\uff0c\u5c06\u201cBangkok\u201d\u8bd1\u4f5c\u201c\u66fc\u8c37<\/strong>\u201d[3]<\/a>\u3002\u8d8a\u5357\u4eba\u5219\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u97f3\u8bd1\u6210\u201c\u671b\u9601<\/strong>\u201d\uff08V\u1ecdng C\u00e1c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Officially, the town was known as Thonburi Si Mahasamut<\/em> (\u0e18\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e23\u0e35\u0e28\u0e23\u0e35\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e38\u0e17\u0e23, from Pali<\/a> and Sanskrit<\/a>, literally ‘city of treasures gracing the ocean’) or Thonburi<\/em>, according to the Ayutthaya Chronicles<\/a><\/em>.[15]<\/a> Bangkok<\/em> was likely a colloquial name, albeit one widely adopted by foreign visitors, who continued to use it to refer to the city<\/a> even after the new capital’s establishment.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u300a\u5927\u57ce\u738b\u56fd\u7f16\u5e74\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u4e0a\u662f\u4ee5Thonburi Si Mahasamut\uff08\u0e18\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e23\u0e35\u0e28\u0e23\u0e35\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e38\u0e17\u0e23\uff09\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u88ab\u79f0\u547c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u6765\u81ea\u5df4\u5229\u8bed\u548c\u68b5\u8bed\uff0c\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u88c5\u9970\u6d77\u6d0b\u7684\u73cd\u5b9d\u4e4b\u57ce\u201d\u6216\u8005\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3aThonburi\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\uff08Bangkok\uff09\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e3\u8bed\u5316\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u88ab\u5916\u56fd\u6e38\u5ba2\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u65b0\u9996\u90fd\u5efa\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u6765\u6307\u4ee3\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When King Rama I established his new capital on the river’s eastern bank, the city inherited Ayutthaya’s ceremonial name, of which there were many variants, including Krung Thep Thawarawadi Si Ayutthaya<\/em> (\u0e01\u0e23\u0e38\u0e07\u0e40\u0e17\u0e1e\u0e17\u0e27\u0e32\u0e23\u0e27\u0e14\u0e35\u0e28\u0e23\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e38\u0e18\u0e22\u0e32) and Krung Thep Maha Nakhon Si Ayutthaya<\/em> (\u0e01\u0e23\u0e38\u0e07\u0e40\u0e17\u0e1e\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e23\u0e28\u0e23\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e38\u0e18\u0e22\u0e32).[16]<\/a> Edmund Roberts<\/a>, visiting the city as envoy of the United States in 1833, noted that the city, since becoming capital, was known as Sia-Yut’hia<\/em>, and this is the name used in international treaties of the period.[17]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5f53\u62c9\u739b\u4e00\u4e16\u56fd\u738b\u5728\u6cb3\u7684\u4e1c\u5cb8\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u65b0\u9996\u90fd\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u5927\u57ce\u738b\u56fd\u7684\u4eea\u5f0f\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u53d8\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ecKrung Thep Thawarawadi Si Ayutthaya\uff08\u0e01\u0e23\u0e38\u0e07\u0e40\u0e17\u0e1e\u0e17\u0e27\u0e32\u0e23\u0e27\u0e14\u0e35\u0e28\u0e23\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e38\u0e18\u0e22\u0e32\uff09\u548cKrung Thep Maha Nakhon Si Ayutthaya\uff08\u0e01\u0e23\u0e38\u0e07\u0e40\u0e17\u0e1e\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e23\u0e28\u0e23\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e38\u0e18\u0e22\u0e32\uff09\u30021833\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7279\u4f7f\u7231\u5fb7\u8499\u00b7\u7f57\u4f2f\u8328\uff08Edmund Roberts\uff09\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u65f6\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u81ea\u6210\u4e3a\u9996\u90fd\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aSia-Yut’hia\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u56fd\u9645\u6761\u7ea6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2 \u541e\u6b66\u91cc\u7684\u8bcd\u6e90<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u541e\u6b66\u91cc\u738b\u671d<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1542\u5e74\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u5f00\u59cb\u6316\u8fd0\u6cb3\uff0c\u5e76\u6539\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u541e\u6b66\u91cc\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6cf0\u56fd\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u4e60\u60ef\u79f0\u66fc\u8c37\uff0c\u751a\u81f31767\u5e74\uff0c\u963f\u745c\u9640\u8036\u738b\u56fd<\/a>\u9996\u90fd\u963f\u745c\u9640\u8036<\/a>\uff08\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e19\u0e04\u0e23\u0e28\u0e23\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e38\u0e18\u0e22\u0e32 – Ayutthaya\uff09\u88ab\u7f05\u7538<\/a>\u653b\u9677\u711a\u6bc1\u3002\u90d1\u662d<\/a>\u56fd\u738b\u4fbf\u5c06\u9996\u90fd\u79fb\u81f3\u541e\u6b66\u91cc\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u4ee3\u6cf0\u56fd\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e60\u60ef\u79f0\u6b64\u4e3a\u541e\u6b66\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u62c9\u739b\u4e8c\u4e16<\/a>\u548c\u4e09\u4e16<\/a>\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u57ce\u5185\u589e\u5efa\u548c\u7ef4\u4fee\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4f5b\u5bfa\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee5\u5e15\u5f7b\u72ec\u5f6d\u5927\u5bfa\u9662\u548c\u91d1\u5c71\u5bfa<\/a>\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u57281865\u5e74\uff0c\u62c9\u739b\u56db\u4e16\u5c06\u57ce\u5e02\u5207\u5272\u4e3a\u4e24\u7701\uff0c\u5de6\u5cb8\u4e3a\u541e\u6b66\u91cc\u7701\uff0c\u53f3\u5cb8\u4e3a\u62cd\u90a3\u7a7a\u7701\u3002\u6731\u62c9\u9686\u529f\u5927\u5e1d<\/a>\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u738b\u5bab\u7fa4\u5411\u5317\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u62c6\u9664\u4e86\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u57ce\u5899\uff1b\u540e\u4efb\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f80\u5317\u5efa\u9020\u5bab\u6bbf\u30021916\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6240\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u6731\u62c9\u9686\u529f\u5927\u5b66<\/a>\u30021971\u5e74\u4e24\u5e02\u518d\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u606d\u8d34\u541e\u6b66\u91cc\u201d\u90fd\u5e02\u533a\uff0c\u9762\u79ef\u8fbe290\u5e73\u65b9\u5343\u7c73<\/a>\u30021972\u5e74\u5347\u7ea7\u4ee5\u76f4\u8f96\u5e02\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u201c\u606d\u8d34\u739b\u54c8\u7eb3\u7a7a\u201d\uff0c\u9762\u79ef2000\u5e73\u65b9\u5343\u7c73\uff1b\u65b0\u90fd\u5fc3\u79fb\u5f80\u662d\u62ab\u8036\u6cb3\u4e1c\u5cb8\uff0c\u897f\u5cb8\u73b0\u5728\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u65e7\u5e02\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY 2.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aVictory Monument<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u80dc\u5229\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aAdam Lai<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

1.3 \u606d\u8d34\u739b\u54c8\u7eb3\u7a7a\u7684\u8bcd\u6e90<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u62c9\u8fbe\u90a3\u54e5\u6b23\u5c9b<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1782\u5e74\u624e\u514b\u91cc\u738b\u671d<\/a>\u62c9\u739b\u4e00\u4e16<\/a>\u5c06\u9996\u90fd\u4ece\u662d\u62ab\u8036\u6cb3<\/a>\u897f\u5cb8\u7684\u541e\u6b66\u91cc\u8fc1\u81f3\u662d\u62ab\u8036\u6cb3<\/a>\u4e1c\u5cb8\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u9020\u5bab\u6bbf\u3001\u4fee\u57ce\u5899\uff0c\u5927\u7687\u5bab<\/a>\u548c\u5367\u4f5b\u5bfa<\/a>\uff0c\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u5174\u5efa\u4e86\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u4e5d\u6761\u8857\u9053\uff0c\u4ee5\u5510\u4eba\u8857<\/a>\u7684\u4e09\u8058\u8857<\/a>\u6700\u4e3a\u8457\u540d\u3002\u662d\u62ab\u8036\u6cb3\u4e1c\u5cb8\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u578b\u5e02\u96c6\u548c\u6e2f\u53e3\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5e76\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u62c9\u8fbe\u90a3\u54e5\u6b23<\/a>\u201d\u3002\u4eea\u5f0f\u5168\u540d\u662f\u7531\u62c9\u739b\u4e00\u4e16<\/a>\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u62c9\u739b\u56db\u4e16<\/a>\u505a\u51fa\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u5168\u79f0\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0e01\u0e23\u0e38\u0e07\u0e40\u0e17\u0e1e\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e23 \u0e2d\u0e21\u0e23\u0e23\u0e31\u0e15\u0e19\u0e42\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e17\u0e23\u0e4c \u0e21\u0e2b\u0e34\u0e19\u0e17\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e38\u0e18\u0e22\u0e32 \u0e21\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e14\u0e34\u0e25\u0e01\u0e20\u0e1e \u0e19\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e31\u0e15\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e18\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e1a\u0e39\u0e23\u0e35\u0e23\u0e21\u0e22\u0e4c \u0e2d\u0e38\u0e14\u0e21\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e34\u0e40\u0e27\u0e28\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e16\u0e32\u0e19 \u0e2d\u0e21\u0e23\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e21\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e15\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e16\u0e34\u0e15 \u0e2a\u0e31\u0e01\u0e01\u0e30\u0e17\u0e31\u0e15\u0e15\u0e34\u0e22\u0e27\u0e34\u0e29\u0e13\u0e38\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c\uff08\u6cf0\u8bed<\/a>\uff09\uff08\u8046\u542c<\/a>\u24d8<\/a>\uff09[\u6ce8 1][a]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\uff08\u97f3\u8bd1\u6587\uff09 \u606d\u8d34\u739b\u54c8\u7eb3\u7a7a\uff0c\u963f\u8499\u62c9\u8fbe\u7eb3\u6208\u4fe1\uff0c\u739b\u6b23\u4ed6\u62c9\u80b2\u4ed6\u4e9a\uff0c\u739b\u54c8\u8fea\u6d1b\u6734\uff0c\u8bfa\u5e15\u62c9\u62c9\u5dee\u4ed6\u5c3c\u5e03\u91cc\u9f99\uff0c\u4e4c\u4e1c\u62c9\u5dee\u5c3c\u97e6\u739b\u54c8\u6c99\u63a2\uff0c\u963f\u8499\u62ab\u66fc\u963f\u74e6\u4e39\u6c99\u63d0\uff0c\u6c99\u7532\u4ed6\u8fea\u4e9a\u5a01\u6c99\u52aa\u7518\u5df4\u897f<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u6ce8a\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u5168\u540d\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u8bed\u8a00\uff1a\u5df4\u5229\u8bed<\/a>\u548c\u68b5\u8bed<\/a>\u3002\u82e5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u53d1\u97f3\uff0c\u5176\u7f57\u9a6c\u62fc\u97f3<\/a>\u4e3aKrung<\/a>–d\u0113va<\/a>mah\u0101<\/a>nagara<\/a>amara<\/a>ratna<\/a>kosindra<\/a>mah<\/a>indr<\/a>\u0101yudhy\u0101<\/a>mah\u0101<\/a>tilaka<\/a>bhava<\/a>nava<\/a>ratana<\/a>r\u0101ja<\/a>dh\u0101n\u012b<\/a>p\u016br\u012b<\/a>ramya<\/a>uttama<\/a>r\u0101ja<\/a>niv\u0113\u015bana mah<\/a>\u0101sth\u0101na<\/a>amara<\/a>vim\u0101na<\/a>avat\u0101ra<\/a>sthitya<\/a> \u015bakrasdattiya vi\u1e63\u1e47u<\/a>karma<\/a>prasiddhi<\/a><\/em>\u8046\u542c<\/a>\u24d8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce81\uff1a\u7687\u5bb6\u62c9\u4e01\u97f3\u8bd1<\/a>\uff1a”Krung Thep Maha Nakhon Amon Rattanakosin Mahintharayutthaya Mahadilokphop Noppharatratchathaniburirom Udomratchaniwetmahasathan Amonphimanawatansathit Sakkathattiyawitsanukamprasit”<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u610f\u8bd1\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u201c\u5e1d\u91ca\u5929\u65e8\u8ff0\u3001\u5de5\u5de7\u5929\u795e\u7b51\uff0c\u5929\u5b50\u5fa1\u9a7b\uff0c\u6781\u5bab\u6d6e\u51fa\uff0c\u4e5d\u7389\u4e50\u90fd\uff0c\u5b8f\u4f1f\u76db\u5904\uff0c\u91d1\u6c64\u5929\u56fa\uff0c\u7389\u4f5b\u6c38\u5c5e\u4e4b\u5929\u795e\u4eac\u90fd\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u66fc\u8c37\u5168\u540d\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5409\u5c3c\u65af\u4e16\u754c\u7eaa\u5f55<\/a>\u767b\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u957f\u7684\u5730\u540d\uff08\u957f\u8fbe167\u4e2a\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\uff09[4]<\/a>[5]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65e9\u671f\u6cf0\u56fd\u5c0f\u5b66\u66fe\u6559\u5bfc\u5b66\u751f\u80cc\u8bf5\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u5168\u540d\uff0c\u7eb5\u4f7f\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u4f1a\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5168\u540d\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff08\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u90fd\u662f\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u68b5\u6587\u501f\u8bcd\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd1\u5e74\u5df2\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u5168\u79f0\u30021989\u5e74\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u963f\u6492\u5c3c-\u54c7\u4e09<\/a>\u5144\u5f1f\u4e50\u961f\u63a8\u51fa\u540d\u4e3a\u300aKrung Thep Maha Nakhon\u300b\u7684\u6b4c\u66f2\uff0c\u6b4c\u8bcd\u5c06\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u5168\u79f0\u91cd\u590d\u6570\u904d\uff0c\u8be5\u6b4c\u66f2\u9042\u88ab\u591a\u6570\u6cf0\u56fd\u4eba\u7528\u4ee5\u80cc\u8bf5\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u5168\u540d\u3002\u5916\u754c\u719f\u77e5\u201c\u66fc\u8c37\u201d\uff08Bangkok\uff09\u4e00\u540d\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u5747\u79f0\u6cf0\u56fd\u9996\u90fd\u4e3a\u201c\u66fc\u8c37\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u201c\u606d\u8d34\u739b\u54c8\u7eb3\u7a7a\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b98\u65b9\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u5386\u53f2 | History<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Main article: History of Bangkok<\/a>\uff08\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u5386\u53f2\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u77f3\u9f99\u519b\u8def<\/a>\u662f\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u73b0\u4ee3\u9a6c\u8def<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aEngraving of the city from British diplomat John Crawfurd<\/a>‘s embassy in 1822
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a1822 \u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u514b\u52b3\u798f\u5fb7\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u6240\u85cf\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u63cf\u7ed8<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aJohn Crawfurd<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aMap of 17th-century Bangkok, from Simon de la Loub\u00e8re<\/a>‘s Du Royaume de Siam<\/em>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a17 \u4e16\u7eaa\u66fc\u8c37\u5730\u56fe\uff0c\u51fa\u81ea Simon de la Loub\u00e8re \u7684\u300aDu Roi de Siam\u300b<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6700\u65e9\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f315\u4e16\u7eaa\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u963f\u745c\u9640\u8036\u65f6\u4ee3<\/a>[6]<\/a>\uff0c\u8be5\u5730\u9760\u8fd1\u6cb3\u53e3\uff0c\u6218\u7565\u4f4d\u7f6e\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u9010\u6e10\u5f97\u5230\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u8d38\u6613\u96c6\u9547\u30021685\u5e74\u81f31687\u5e74\uff0c\u90a3\u83b1\u738b<\/a>\u547d\u6cd5\u56fd\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5fb7\u62c9\u9a6c\u96f7\uff08de la Mare\uff09\u5728\u662d\u62ab\u8036\u6cb3\u4e1c\u5cb8\u4fee\u7b51\u661f\u5f62\u8981\u585e<\/a>\uff0c\u6cd5\u519b\u83b7\u51c6\u9a7b\u624e\u4e8e\u6b64\u30021688\u5e74\uff0c\u66b9\u7f57\u7206\u53d1\u5185\u4e71<\/a>\uff0c\u53db\u519b\u5305\u56f4\u66fc\u8c37\u8981\u585e<\/a>\uff0c\u5c06\u6cd5\u519b\u9010\u51fa\u66b9\u7f57\u30021767\u5e74\uff0c\u7f05\u519b<\/a>\u653b\u7834\u963f\u745c\u9640\u8036<\/a>\uff0c\u8fbe\u4fe1<\/a>\u5728\u662d\u62ab\u8036\u6cb3\u897f\u5cb8\uff08\u4eca\u541e\u6b66\u91cc<\/a>\uff09\u5efa\u90fd\uff0c\u5f00\u521b\u541e\u6b66\u91cc\u738b\u671d<\/a>\u30021782\u5e74\uff0c\u901a\u92ae<\/a>\u5efa\u7acb\u624e\u514b\u91cc\u738b\u671d<\/a>\uff0c\u5b9a\u90fd\u5728\u541e\u6b66\u91cc\u5bf9\u5cb8\u7684\u62c9\u8fbe\u90a3\u54e5\u6b23\u5c9b<\/a>\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4eca\u65e5\u66fc\u8c37\u57ce\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5efa\u57ce\u65e5\u671f\u5b9a\u4e3a1782\u5e744\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u662f\u57ce\u4e2d\u56fd\u67f1<\/a>\u6811\u7acb\u7684\u65e5\u5b50[7]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u91cd\u9547\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ca\u897f\u6d0b\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u4e2d\u53d7\u76ca\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u66b9\u7f57\u56fd\u738b\u8499\u56fa<\/a>\u548c\u6731\u62c9\u9686\u529f<\/a>\u63a8\u884c\u897f\u5316\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5728\u66fc\u8c37\u4fee\u5efa\u9a6c\u8def\u548c\u94c1\u8def\uff0c\u4e00\u6539\u66fc\u8c37\u57ce\u8fc7\u53bb\u501a\u9760\u6c34\u8def\u4ea4\u901a\u7684\u683c\u5c40\uff1b\u5f15\u5165\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u897f\u5f0f\u6559\u80b2\u53ca\u533b\u7597\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee4\u90fd\u57ce\u66fc\u8c37\u6210\u4e3a\u66b9\u7f57\u897f\u5316\u7684\u6837\u677f\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u4ea6\u662f\u66b9\u7f57\u6743\u529b\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u30021932\u5e74\uff0c\u66b9\u7f57\u519b\u65b9\u53ca\u793a\u5a01\u8005\u5728\u66fc\u8c37\u53d1\u52a8li4 xian4 ge2 ming4<\/a>\uff0c\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e86\u541b\u4e3b\u4e13\u5236<\/a>[8]<\/a>\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218<\/a>\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u66b9\u7f57\u540c\u65e5\u672c\u7ed3\u76df\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u66fe\u906d\u76df\u519b\u8f70\u70b8<\/a>\u3002\u6218\u540e\u7684\u6cf0\u56fd\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u76df\u53cb\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u5f97\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u63f4\u52a9\u53ca\u653f\u5e9c\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5feb\u901f\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6210\u4e3a\u8d8a\u6218<\/a>\u7f8e\u519b\u7684\u7597\u517b\u5730\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u83b7\u5f97\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5927\u91cf\u519c\u6751\u4eba\u53e3\u5411\u57ce\u533a\u8fc1\u79fb\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u7531180\u4e07\u6fc0\u589e\u81f3300\u4e07[8]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Following the US withdrawal from Vietnam in 1973, Japanese businesses took over as leaders in investment, and the expansion of export-oriented manufacturing led to growth of the financial market in Bangkok.[11]<\/a> Rapid growth of the city continued through the 1980s and early 1990s, until it was stalled by the 1997 Asian financial crisis<\/a>. By then, many public and social issues had emerged, among them the strain on infrastructure reflected in the city’s notorious traffic jams. Bangkok’s role as the nation’s political stage continues to be seen in strings of popular protests, from the student uprisings in 1973<\/a> and 1976<\/a>, anti-military demonstrations in 1992<\/a>, and frequent street protests since 2006<\/a>, including those by groups opposing and supporting former prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra<\/a> from 2006 to 2013<\/a>, and a renewed student-led movement in 2020<\/a>.[12]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a1973\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ece\u8d8a\u5357\u64a4\u519b\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4f01\u4e1a\u63a5\u7ba1\u4e86\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ee5\u51fa\u53e3\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u6269\u5f20\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u66fc\u8c37\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u589e\u957f\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u957f\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c90\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u76f4\u52301997\u5e74\u4e9a\u6d32\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u4f7f\u5176\u505c\u6ede\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u516c\u5171\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u6d6e\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u57ce\u5e02\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u62e5\u5835\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7d27\u5f20\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u821e\u53f0\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684kang4 yi4\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u5f97\u4ee5\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec1973\u5e74\u548c1976\u5e74\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u8d77\u4e49\u30011992\u5e74\u7684\u53cd\u519b\u4e8bshi4 wei1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea2006\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u9891\u7e41\u8857\u5934kang4 yi4\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec2006\u5e74\u81f32013\u5e74\u53cd\u5bf9\u548c\u652f\u6301\u524d\u603b\u7406\u4ed6\u4fe1\u00b7\u897f\u90a3\u74e6\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca2020\u5e74\u518d\u5ea6\u7531\u5b66\u751f\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6cf0\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5728\u6218\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u51fa\u53e3\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ea6\u4ee4\u66fc\u8c37\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927[8]<\/a>\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u81f390\u5e74\u4ee3\u6301\u7eed\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u57281997\u5e74\u906d\u4e9a\u6d32\u91d1\u878d\u98ce\u66b4<\/a>\u91cd\u521b\u3002\u516c\u5171\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u81ea\u6b64\u4e0d\u65ad\u663e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ea4\u901a\u62e5\u5835\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u9971\u53d7\u8bdf\u75c5\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u5e38\u5e74\u6709zheng4 bian4\u548cshi4 wei1\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4f8b\u59821991\u5e74<\/a>\u30012006\u5e74<\/a>\u30012014\u5e74<\/a>\u7684\u653f\u53d8\uff0c\u53ca1973\u5e74<\/a>\u30011976\u5e74<\/a>\u30012010\u5e74<\/a>\u30012013\u5e74\u81f32014\u5e74<\/a>\u30012020\u5e74\u81f32022\u5e74<\/a>\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u6e38\u884c\u7b49[9]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u66fc\u8c37\u57ce\u7684\u884c\u653f\u4f53\u7cfb\u662f\u57281906\u5e74\uff0c\u6731\u62c9\u9686\u529f\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\u786e\u7acb\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u8499\u901a<\/a>\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u5c5e\u606d\u8d34\u739b\u54c8\u90a3\u7a7a\u8499\u901a\u30021915\u5e74\uff0c\u53c8\u7ec6\u5206\u4e3a\u6570\u4e2a\u7701\u4efd\u30021972\u5e74\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u5927\u90fd\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40<\/a>\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u7ba1\u6cbb\u673a\u6784\u5ef6\u7eed\u81f3\u4eca\uff1b\u7fcc\u5e74\uff0c\u662d\u62ab\u8036\u6cb3\u4e1c\u5cb8\u7684\u62cd\u90a3\u7a7a\u7701\u548c\u897f\u5cb8\u7684\u541e\u6b66\u91cc\u7701\u6b63\u5f0f\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4eca\u65e5\u66fc\u8c37\u7279\u522b\u76f4\u8f96\u5e02\u4e4b\u683c\u5c40[7]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u653f\u5e9c | Government<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Main article: Bangkok Metropolitan Administration<\/a>\uff08\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aThe city’s ceremonial name<\/a> is displayed in front of Bangkok City Hall.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u5e02\u653f\u5385\u524d\u5c55\u793a\u7740\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u793c\u4eea\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aSuasysar<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

The city of Bangkok is locally governed by the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA). Although its boundaries are at the provincial (changwat<\/a><\/em>) level, unlike the other 76 provinces Bangkok is a special administrative area whose governor is directly elected to serve a four-year term. The governor, together with four appointed deputies, form the executive body, who implement policies through the BMA civil service headed by the Permanent Secretary for the BMA. In separate elections, each district elects one or more city councillors, who form the Bangkok Metropolitan Council. The council is the BMA’s legislative body, and has power over municipal ordinances and the city’s budget.[22]<\/a> The latest gubernatorial election<\/a> took place on 22 May 2022 after an extended lapse following the 2014 Thai coup d’\u00e9tat<\/a>, and was won by Chadchart Sittipunt<\/a>.[23]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u5e02\u7531\u66fc\u8c37\u90fd\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\uff08BMA\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5730\u65b9\u6cbb\u7406\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5176\u8fb9\u754c\u5904\u4e8e\u7701\u7ea7\uff08\u5e9c\u7ea7\uff09\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed676\u4e2a\u7701\u4efd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u884c\u653f\u533a\uff0c\u5176\u5dde\u957f\u76f4\u63a5\u9009\u4e3e\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u4efb\u671f\u4e3a\u56db\u5e74\u3002\u5dde\u957f\u4e0e\u56db\u540d\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u526f\u5dde\u957f\u5171\u540c\u7ec4\u6210\u884c\u653f\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7BMA\u5e02\u653f\u670d\u52a1\u673a\u6784\u5b9e\u65bd\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u8be5\u673a\u6784\u7531BMA\u5e38\u4efb\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u9886\u5bfc\u3002\u5728\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u533a\u9009\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u8bae\u5458\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ec4\u6210\u66fc\u8c37\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u4f1a\u3002\u8bae\u4f1a\u662fBMA\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e02\u653f\u6cd5\u89c4\u548c\u5e02\u653f\u9884\u7b97\u5177\u6709\u6743\u529b\u3002\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u5dde\u957f\u9009\u4e3e\u4e8e2022\u5e745\u670822\u65e5\u4e3e\u884c\uff0c\u57282014\u5e74\u6cf0\u56fd\u653f\u53d8\u4e4b\u540e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u95f4\u9694\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u67e5\u5fb7\u67e5\u7279\u00b7\u897f\u63d0\u84ec\uff08Chadchart Sittipunt\uff09\u83b7\u80dc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bangkok is divided into fifty districts<\/a> (khet<\/em>, equivalent to amphoe<\/a><\/em> in the other provinces), which are further subdivided into 180 sub-districts<\/a> (khwaeng<\/em>, equivalent to tambon<\/a><\/em>). Each district is managed by a district director appointed by the governor. District councils, elected to four-year terms, serve as advisory bodies to their respective district directors.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u5206\u4e3a50\u4e2a\u533a\uff08khet\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7701\u4efd\u7684\u53bf\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u533a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u4e3a180\u4e2a\u526f\u533a\uff08khwaeng\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e61\uff09\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u533a\u7531\u5dde\u957f\u4efb\u547d\u7684\u533a\u957f\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u533a\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u4efb\u671f\u4e3a\u56db\u5e74\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5404\u81ea\u533a\u957f\u7684\u54a8\u8be2\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The BMA is divided into sixteen departments, each overseeing different aspects of the administration’s responsibilities. Most of these responsibilities concern the city’s infrastructure, and include city planning, building control, transportation, drainage, waste management and city beautification, as well as education, medical and rescue services.[24]<\/a> Many of these services are provided jointly with other agencies. The BMA has the authority to implement local ordinances, although civil law enforcement falls under the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Police Bureau<\/a>.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u90fd\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\uff08BMA\uff09\u5206\u4e3a\u5341\u516d\u4e2a\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90e8\u95e8\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u884c\u653f\u804c\u8d23\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u804c\u8d23\u6d89\u53ca\u57ce\u5e02\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u57ce\u5e02\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u5efa\u7b51\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u3001\u6392\u6c34\u3001\u5e9f\u7269\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u7f8e\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u533b\u7597\u548c\u6551\u63f4\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u673a\u6784\u5171\u540c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u3002BMA\u6709\u6743\u5b9e\u65bd\u5f53\u5730\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6c11\u4e8b\u6267\u6cd5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5927\u90fd\u4f1a\u8b66\u5bdf\u5c40\u7684\u7ba1\u8f96\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seal of the city shows Hindu<\/a> god Indra<\/a> riding in the clouds on Airavata<\/a>, a divine white elephant<\/a> known in Thai as Erawan. In his hand Indra holds his weapon, the vajra<\/a><\/em>.[25]<\/a> The seal is based on a painting done by Prince Naris<\/a>. The tree symbol of Bangkok is Ficus benjamina<\/a><\/em>.[26]<\/a> The official city slogan, adopted in 2012, reads:
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u5e02\u5fbd\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u795e\u7947\u56e0\u9640\u7f57\u9a91\u7740\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u5723\u767d\u8c61\u827e\u6d1b\u74e6\u7eb3\uff08\u5728\u6cf0\u8bed\u4e2d\u79f0\u4e3a\u4f0a\u6d1b\u74e6\u7279\uff09\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u56e0\u9640\u7f57\u624b\u6301\u4ed6\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u91d1\u521a\u6775\u3002\u5e02\u5fbd\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u57fa\u4e8ePrince Naris\u6240\u7ed8\u7684\u4e00\u5e45\u753b\u4f5c\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u6811\u662f\u6995\u6811\uff08Ficus benjamina\uff09\u3002\u5e02\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u53e3\u53f7\u4e8e2012\u5e74\u91c7\u7528\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

As built by deities, the administrative centre, dazzling palaces and temples, the capital of Thailand
\u0e01\u0e23\u0e38\u0e07\u0e40\u0e17\u0e1e\u0e2f \u0e14\u0e38\u0e08\u0e40\u0e17\u0e1e\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07 \u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e28\u0e39\u0e19\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e01\u0e25\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e27\u0e31\u0e14\u0e27\u0e31\u0e07\u0e07\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e27\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22[27]<\/a><\/p>\n\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7531\u795e\u7075\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u884c\u653f\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u773c\u82b1\u7f2d\u4e71\u7684\u5bab\u6bbf\u548c\u5bfa\u5e99\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u9996\u90fd\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u3002<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

As the capital of Thailand, Bangkok is the seat of all branches of the national government<\/a>. The Government House<\/a>, Parliament House<\/a> and Supreme<\/a>, Administrative<\/a> and Constitutional<\/a> Courts are all in the city. Bangkok is the site of the Grand Palace<\/a> and Dusit Palace<\/a>, respectively the official and de facto<\/em> residence of the king. Most government ministries also have headquarters and offices in the capital.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u9996\u90fd\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u662f\u5168\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u6240\u5728\u5730\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u603b\u90e8\u3001\u56fd\u4f1a\u5927\u53a6\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u9ad8\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u9662\u548c\u5baa\u6cd5\u6cd5\u9662\u90fd\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u8fd8\u662f\u5927\u7687\u5bab\u548c\u90fd\u559c\u5ead\u5bab\u7684\u6240\u5728\u5730\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u548c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u7684\u4f4f\u6240\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u4e5f\u5728\u9996\u90fd\u8bbe\u6709\u603b\u90e8\u548c\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u3002\u4e2d\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u5730\u7406 | Geography<\/h2>\n\n\n
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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\n

\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\uff08\u56fe\u4e2d\u7a81\u51fa\u663e\u793a\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u4f4d\u4e8e\u662d\u62ab\u8036\u6cb3\u4e0b\u6e38\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u5176\u5efa\u6210\u533a\u5411\u5317\u548c\u5411\u5357\u5ef6\u4f38\u81f3\u6696\u6b66\u91cc\u5e9c<\/a>\u548c\u5317\u6984\u5e9c<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u66fc\u8c37\u9762\u79ef\u4e3a 1,568.7 \u5e73\u65b9\u5343\u7c73\uff08605.7 \u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u5176\u4ed676\u4e2a\u7701\u4efd\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u7b2c69\u4f4d\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ea6700\u5e73\u65b9\u5343\u7c73\uff08270 \u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u7684\u533a\u57df\u5f62\u6210\u5efa\u6210\u5e02\u533a\u3002\u5e02\u533a\u9762\u79ef\u5c45\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c73\u4f4d\u3002\u8be5\u5e02\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u6269\u5f20\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u4e0e\u5176\u63a5\u58e4\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u516d\u4e2a\u7701\u4efd\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5373\u4ece\u897f\u5317\u987a\u65f6\u9488\u987a\u5e8f\uff1a\u6696\u6b66\u91cc\u5e9c\u3001\u5df4\u541e\u4ed6\u5c3c\u5e9c\u3001\u5317\u67f3\u5e9c\u3001\u5317\u6984\u5e9c\u3001\u5317\u6c99\u7a7a\u5e9c\u548c\u4f5b\u7edf\u5e9c\u3002\u9664\u5317\u67f3\u5e9c\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7701\u4efd\u4e0e\u66fc\u8c37\u4e00\u8d77\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u66fc\u8c37\u90fd\u4f1a\u533a<\/a>[24]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u66fc\u8c37\u5730\u5904\u5e73\u539f\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u662d\u62cd\u8036\u6cb3<\/a>\uff08\u4fd7\u79f0\u6e44\u5357\u6cb3\uff09\u6d41\u57df\u3002\u8be5\u6cb3\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u6cb3\uff0c\u5168\u957f372\u5343\u7c73\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u5e02\u5185\u7e41\u5fd9\u7684\u6c34\u4e0a\u4ea4\u901a\u4f7f\u66fc\u8c37\u6709\u201c\u4e1c\u65b9\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u201d\u7684\u7f8e\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6d77\u62d42\u7c73\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u66fc\u8c37\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u96e8\u5b63\u9762\u4e34\u6d2a\u6c34<\/a>\u7684\u56f0\u6270\u3002\u5927\u96e8\u8fc7\u540e\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u8857\u9053\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u79ef\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.1 \u5730\u5f62 | Topography<\/h3>\n\n\n
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\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 3.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aBangkok’s major canals are shown in this map, detailing the original course of the river and its shortcut canals.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8fd9\u5f20\u5730\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8fd0\u6cb3\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u6cb3\u6d41\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6cb3\u9053\u53ca\u5176\u6377\u5f84\u8fd0\u6cb3\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aHdamm<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Bangkok is situated in the Chao Phraya River delta in Thailand’s central plain<\/a>. The river meanders through the city in a southerly direction, emptying into the Gulf of Thailand<\/a> approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of city centre. The area is flat and low-lying, with an average elevation of 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) above sea level<\/a>.[3]<\/a>[h]<\/a> Most of the area was originally swampland<\/a>, which was gradually drained and irrigated for agriculture by the construction of canals (khlong<\/a><\/em>) which took place from the 16th to 19th centuries. The course of the river as it flows through Bangkok has been modified by the construction of several shortcut canals<\/a>.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6cf0\u56fd\u4e2d\u90e8\u5e73\u539f\u7684\u6e44\u5357\u6cb3\u4e09\u89d2\u6d32\u3002\u6e44\u5357\u6cb3\u873f\u8712\u7a7f\u8fc7\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u5411\u5357\u6d41\u5165\u8ddd\u79bb\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7ea625\u516c\u91cc\uff0816\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u7684\u6cf0\u56fd\u6e7e\u3002\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u5730\u52bf\u5e73\u5766\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6d77\u62d4\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a1.5\u7c73\uff084\u82f1\u5c3a11\u82f1\u5bf8\uff09\u4ee5\u4e0a[3][h]\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u6700\u521d\u662f\u6cbc\u6cfd\u5730\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4ece16\u4e16\u7eaa\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\u4fee\u5efa\u7684\u8fd0\u6cb3\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08khlong\uff09\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u6392\u5e72\u548c\u704c\u6e89\u7528\u4e8e\u519c\u4e1a\u3002\u6e44\u5357\u6cb3\u5728\u7a7f\u8fc7\u66fc\u8c37\u65f6\u7684\u6cb3\u9053\u5df2\u7ecf\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u5efa\u591a\u6761\u6377\u5f84\u8fd0\u6cb3\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u4e2d\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6cf0\u56fd\u4e2d\u90e8\u5e73\u539f\u7684\u6e44\u5357\u6cb3\u4e09\u89d2\u6d32\u3002\u6e44\u5357\u6cb3\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u873f\u8712\u5411\u5357\u6d41\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u8ddd\u79bb\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7ea625\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u6cf0\u56fd\u6e7e\u5165\u6d77\u3002\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u5730\u52bf\u5e73\u5766\u4f4e\u6d3c\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6d77\u62d4\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a1.5\u7c73\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u539f\u5148\u662f\u6cbc\u6cfd\u5730\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc716\u4e16\u7eaa\u81f319\u4e16\u7eaa\u4fee\u5efa\u7684\u8fd0\u6cb3\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6392\u6c34\u548c\u704c\u6e89\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u519c\u4e1a\u7528\u5730\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u5185\u7684\u6e44\u5357\u6cb3\u6cb3\u9053\u5df2\u7ecf\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u5efa\u591a\u6761\u6377\u5f84\u8fd0\u6cb3\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u5176\u6d41\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The city’s waterway network served as the primary means of transport until the late 19th century, when modern roads began to be built. Up until then, most people lived near or on the water, leading the city to be known during the 19th century as the “Venice<\/a> of the East”.[29]<\/a> Many of these canals have since been filled in or paved over, but others still criss-cross the city, serving as major drainage channels and transport routes. Most canals are now badly polluted, although the BMA has committed to the treatment and cleaning up of several canals.[30]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u76f4\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u671f\u4fee\u5efa\u73b0\u4ee3\u9053\u8def\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u6c34\u8def\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u4f4f\u5728\u6c34\u8fb9\u6216\u6c34\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u66fc\u8c37\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u201d[29]\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fd0\u6cb3\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u586b\u5e73\u6216\u94fa\u8bbe\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ecd\u7136\u7a7f\u8d8a\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u5145\u5f53\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6392\u6c34\u901a\u9053\u548c\u4ea4\u901a\u8def\u7ebf\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8fd0\u6cb3\u73b0\u5728\u90fd\u4e25\u91cd\u6c61\u67d3\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u66fc\u8c37\u90fd\u5e02\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u627f\u8bfa\u5bf9\u51e0\u6761\u8fd0\u6cb3\u8fdb\u884c\u6cbb\u7406\u548c\u6e05\u7406[30]\u3002\u4e2d\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\uff1a\u76f4\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u671f\u4fee\u5efa\u73b0\u4ee3\u9053\u8def\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u6c34\u8def\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u6216\u9760\u8fd1\u6c34\u8fb9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u201d\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u8fd0\u6cb3\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u586b\u5e73\u6216\u94fa\u8bbe\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ea4\u53c9\u7a7f\u8d8a\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u8d77\u7740\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6392\u6c34\u548c\u4ea4\u901a\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8fd0\u6cb3\u73b0\u5728\u4e25\u91cd\u6c61\u67d3\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u66fc\u8c37\u90fd\u5e02\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u5df2\u627f\u8bfa\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fd0\u6cb3\u8fdb\u884c\u6cbb\u7406\u548c\u6e05\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The geology of the Bangkok area is characterized by a top layer of soft marine clay<\/a>, known as “Bangkok clay”, averaging 15 metres (49 ft) in thickness, which overlies an aquifer<\/a> system consisting of eight known units. This feature has contributed to the effects of subsidence<\/a> caused by extensive groundwater pumping. First recognized in the 1970s, subsidence soon became a critical issue, reaching a rate of 120 millimetres (4.7 in) per year in 1981. Ground water management and mitigation measures have since lessened the severity of the situation, and the rate of subsidence decreased to 10 to 30 millimetres (0.39 to 1.18 in) per year in the early 2000s, though parts of the city are now 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) below sea level.[31]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5730\u8d28\u7279\u5f81\u4ee5\u4e00\u5c42\u539a\u5ea6\u7ea6\u4e3a15\u7c73\uff0849\u82f1\u5c3a\uff09\u7684\u8f6f\u6027\u6d77\u6d0b\u7c98\u571f\u5c42\u4e3a\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u66fc\u8c37\u7c98\u571f\u201d\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5305\u542b\u516b\u4e2a\u5df2\u77e5\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u542b\u6c34\u5c42\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u5f81\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u7531\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u62bd\u53d6\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u6c89\u964d\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u88ab\u9996\u6b21\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u57281981\u5e74\u8fbe\u5230\u6bcf\u5e74120\u6beb\u7c73\uff084.7\u82f1\u5bf8\uff09\u7684\u6c89\u964d\u901f\u7387\u3002\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7f13\u89e3\u63aa\u65bd\u5728\u6b64\u540e\u51cf\u8f7b\u4e86\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u6027\uff0c\u5230\u4e8621\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u6c89\u964d\u901f\u7387\u964d\u81f3\u6bcf\u5e7410\u523030\u6beb\u7c73\uff080.39\u52301.18\u82f1\u5bf8\uff09\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6d77\u5e73\u97621\u7c73\uff083\u82f1\u5c3a3\u82f1\u5bf8\uff09[31]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Subsidence has resulted in increased flood risk, as Bangkok is already prone to flooding due to its low elevation and an inadequate drainage infrastructure,[32]<\/a>[33]<\/a> often compounded by blockage from rubbish pollution (especially plastic waste).[34]<\/a> The city now relies on flood barriers and augmenting drainage from canals by pumping and building drain tunnels, but parts of Bangkok and its suburbs are still regularly inundated. Heavy downpours resulting in urban runoff<\/a> overwhelming drainage systems, and runoff discharge from upstream areas, are major triggering factors.[35]<\/a> Severe flooding affecting much of the city occurred in 1995 and 2011<\/a>. In 2011, most of Bangkok’s northern, eastern and western districts were flooded, in some places for over two months.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u5730\u9762\u4e0b\u6c89\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u6d2a\u6c34\u98ce\u9669\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u66fc\u8c37\u7531\u4e8e\u6d77\u62d4\u8f83\u4f4e\u548c\u6392\u6c34\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\u800c\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u751f\u6d2a\u6c34[32][33]\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e38\u5e38\u53d7\u5230\u5783\u573e\u6c61\u67d3\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5851\u6599\u5e9f\u7269\uff09\u7684\u5835\u585e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd[34]\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u4ef0\u8d56\u6d2a\u6c34\u9632\u62a4\u5824\u575d\u548c\u901a\u8fc7\u6cf5\u7ad9\u548c\u5efa\u8bbe\u6392\u6c34\u96a7\u9053\u6765\u589e\u52a0\u8fd0\u6cb3\u6392\u6c34\uff0c\u4f46\u66fc\u8c37\u53ca\u5176\u90ca\u533a\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u4ecd\u7136\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u6df9\u6ca1\u3002\u5927\u96e8\u5bfc\u81f4\u57ce\u5e02\u5f84\u6d41\u8d85\u8fc7\u6392\u6c34\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u4e0a\u6e38\u5730\u533a\u5f84\u6d41\u6392\u653e\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u89e6\u53d1\u56e0\u7d20[35]\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u57281995\u5e74\u548c2011\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u6d2a\u6c34\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u30022011\u5e74\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u5317\u90e8\u3001\u4e1c\u90e8\u548c\u897f\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u88ab\u6d2a\u6c34\u6df9\u6ca1\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u6301\u7eed\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u591a\u6708\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"\/
\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY 2.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\n

\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aBangkok population density and low elevation coastal zones. Bangkok is especially vulnerable to sea level rise<\/a>.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u548c\u4f4e\u6d77\u62d4\u6cbf\u6d77\u5730\u533a\u3002 \u66fc\u8c37\u7279\u522b\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aSEDACMaps<\/a> – \u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee\u539f\u56fe\u94fe\u63a5<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Bangkok’s coastal location makes it particularly vulnerable to rising sea levels<\/a> due to global warming<\/a> and climate change. A study by the OECD<\/a> has estimated that 5.138 million people in Bangkok may be exposed to coastal flooding<\/a> by 2070, the seventh highest figure among the world’s port cities.[36]<\/a>:\u200a8\u200a There are fears that the city may be submerged by 2030.[37]<\/a>[38]<\/a>[39]<\/a> A study published in October 2019 in Nature Communications<\/a><\/em> corrected earlier models of coastal elevations[40]<\/a> and concluded that up to 12 million Thais\u2014mostly in the greater Bangkok metropolitan area\u2014face the prospect of annual flooding events.[41]<\/a>[42]<\/a> This is compounded by coastal erosion, which is an issue in the gulf coastal area, a small length of which lies within Bangkok’s Bang Khun Thian District<\/a>. Tidal flat ecosystems existed on the coast; however, many have been reclaimed for agriculture, aquaculture, and salt works.[43]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6cbf\u6d77\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u6696\u548c\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08OECD\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u52302070\u5e74\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u6709513.8\u4e07\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u6cbf\u6d77\u6d2a\u6c34\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u5168\u7403\u6e2f\u53e3\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e03[36]\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u62c5\u5fc3\u52302030\u5e74\u66fc\u8c37\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u6df9\u6ca1[37][38][39]\u30022019\u5e7410\u6708\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u901a\u8baf\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u7ea0\u6b63\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6cbf\u6d77\u9ad8\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u591a\u8fbe1200\u4e07\u6cf0\u56fd\u4eba\u9762\u4e34\u6bcf\u5e74\u6d2a\u6c34\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4f4d\u4e8e\u66fc\u8c37\u5927\u90fd\u4f1a\u533a[41][42]\u3002\u8fd9\u8fd8\u53d7\u5230\u6cbf\u6d77\u4fb5\u8680\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u6e7e\u6cbf\u5cb8\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u4f4d\u4e8e\u66fc\u8c37\u7684Bang Khun Thian\u533a\u3002\u6cbf\u5cb8\u66fe\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u6f6e\u6ee9\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u5df2\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u519c\u4e1a\u3001\u6c34\u4ea7\u517b\u6b96\u548c\u76d0\u573a\u7684\u5f00\u57a6[43]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are no mountains in Bangkok. The closest mountain range is the Khao Khiao Massif<\/a>, about 40 km (25 mi) southeast of the city. Phu Khao Thong, the only hill in the metropolitan area, originated with a very large chedi<\/a> that King Rama III<\/a> (1787\u20131851) built at Wat Saket<\/a>. The chedi collapsed during construction because the soft soil could not support its weight. Over the next few decades, the abandoned mud-and-brick structure acquired the shape of a natural hill and became overgrown with weeds. The locals called it phu khao<\/em> (\u0e20\u0e39\u0e40\u0e02\u0e32), as if it were a natural feature.[44]<\/a> In the 1940s, enclosing concrete walls were added to stop the hill from eroding.[45]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u6ca1\u6709\u5c71\u8109\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5c71\u8109\u662f\u8ddd\u79bb\u66fc\u8c37\u4e1c\u5357\u7ea640\u516c\u91cc\uff0825\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u7684Khao Khiao\u5c71\u8109\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u90fd\u4f1a\u533a\u5185\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5c71\u662fPhu Khao Thong\uff0c\u5b83\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u62c9\u739b\u4e09\u4e16\uff081787-1851\uff09\u5728Wat Saket\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u4f5b\u5854\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8f6f\u571f\u65e0\u6cd5\u652f\u6491\u5176\u91cd\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f5b\u5854\u5728\u5efa\u9020\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5012\u584c\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u88ab\u9057\u5f03\u7684\u6ce5\u7816\u7ed3\u6784\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5c0f\u5c71\u4e18\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u957f\u6ee1\u4e86\u6742\u8349\u3002\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201cphu khao\u201d\uff08\u0e20\u0e39\u0e40\u0e02\u0e32\uff09\uff0c\u4eff\u4f5b\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5730\u8c8c\u7279\u5f81[44]\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa40\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u56f4\u5899\u6765\u9632\u6b62\u5c71\u4f53\u4fb5\u8680[45]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.2 \u6c14\u5019 | Climate<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0e\u6cf0\u56fd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5728\u67ef\u672c\u6c14\u5019\u5206\u7c7b\u6cd5<\/a>\u4e0b\u7684\u70ed\u5e26\u83bd\u539f\u6c14\u5019<\/a>(Aw)\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u5357\u4e9a\u5b63\u98ce\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u7ecf\u5e38\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u5929\u6c14\uff1a\u708e\u70ed\u3001\u591a\u96e8\u548c\u51c9\u723d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5168\u5e74\u6c14\u6e29\u76f8\u5f53\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ece12 \u6708\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u4f4e\u6e2922.0 \u00b0C (71.6 \u00b0F) \u5230\u5e73\u5747\u9ad8\u6e29 35.4 \u00b0C (95.7 \u00b0F) \uff09 \u5728\u56db\u6708\u4efd\u3002\u96e8\u5b63\u4ece\u4e94\u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\u5de6\u53f3\u897f\u5357\u5b63\u98ce\u7684\u5230\u6765\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u4e5d\u6708\u5219\u662f\u6700\u6f6e\u6e7f\u7684\u6708\u4efd\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u964d\u96e8\u91cf\u4e3a 334.3\u6beb\u7c73\uff0813.16 \u82f1\u5bf8\uff09\u3002\u96e8\u5b63\u6301\u7eed\u523010\u6708\uff0c\u5e72\u71e5\u51c9\u723d\u7684\u4e1c\u5317\u5b63\u98ce\u6301\u7eed\u52302\u6708\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u66fc\u8c37\u708e\u70ed\u7684\u5b63\u8282\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5e72\u71e5\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u5076\u5c14\u4e5f\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u590f\u5b63\u98ce\u66b4\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u57ce\u5e02\u70ed\u5c9b\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5728\u767d\u5929\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e3a 2.5\u00b0C (4.5\u00b0F)\uff0c\u665a\u4e0a\u4e3a 8.0\u00b0C (14\u00b0F)\u3002 2013 \u5e74 3 \u6708\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u5927\u90fd\u5e02\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u8bb0\u5f55\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e3a 40.1 \u00b0C (104.2 \u00b0F)\uff0c 1955\u5e74 1 \u6708\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e3a 9.9 \u00b0C (49.8 \u00b0F)\u3002 \u6208\u8fbe\u5fb7\u592a\u7a7a\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/a>\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u5f71\u54cd\u5c0f\u7ec4\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u8fc1<\/a>\u4f1a\u5bf9\u66fc\u8c37\u9020\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5929\u6c14\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u53d1\u73b01960\u5e74\u7684\u66fc\u8c37\u6709193\u5929\u8fbe\u5230\u6216\u9ad8\u4e8e 32\u00b0C\u30022018\u5e74\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u6c14\u6e29\u572832\u00b0C \u6216\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65f6\u9884\u8ba1\u4e3a 276\u5929\u3002\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u52302200\u5e74\uff0c\u6e29\u5ea6\u572832\u00b0C \u6216\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65f6\u5e73\u5747\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0297\u81f3344\u5929\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"\/<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

4.3 \u884c\u653f\u533a\u5212 | Districts<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u53bf\u540d\u5217\u8868<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"\/
\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 3.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\n

\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u66fc\u8c3750\u4e2a\u53bf\u7684\u5730\u56fe (\u6807\u6709\u5206\u533a\u7684\u7248\u672c<\/a>)<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aHdamm<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u4e94\u5341\u4e2a\u53bf<\/a>\u4f5c\u4e3aBMA\u6388\u6743\u4e0b\u7684\u884c\u653f\u533a\u5212\u3002\u5176\u4e2d35\u4e2a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6e44\u5357\u6cb3\u4ee5\u4e1c\uff0c15\u4e2a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u897f\u5cb8\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u541e\u6b66\u91cc\u4e00\u4fa7\u3002\u4e94\u5341\u4e2a\u53bf\u6309\u7f16\u53f7\u6392\u5217\u4e3a\uff1a[31]<\/a>[32]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
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  50. \u633d\u6c76\u53bf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    4.4 \u57ce\u5e02\u89c4\u5212\uff08\u57ce\u5e02\u666f\u89c2\uff09 | Cityscape<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u66fc\u8c37\u5404\u5730\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u754c\u522b\u8f83\u4e0d\u660e\u6670\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u5b8f\u89c2\u89c4\u5212\u653f\u7b56\u63a8\u8fdb\u8f83\u665a\u5bfc\u81f4\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u90fd\u5e02\u89c4\u5212\u6700\u65e9\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f31960\u5e74\u7684\u5229\u5947\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u8ba1\u5212\uff08Litchfield Plan\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5206\u533a\u89c4\u5212\u6cd5\u8fdf\u81f31992\u5e74\u624d\u5168\u9762\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u800c\u5728\u8fd9\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u57ce\u533a\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u81ea\u53d1\u800c\u6709\u673a\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u6a2a\u5411\u4e0a\u6cbf\u7740\u4ea4\u901a\u5e72\u9053\u7684\u5e26\u72b6\u53d1\u5c55<\/a>\uff0c\u7eb5\u5411\u4e0a\u5efa\u6210\u5927\u91cf\u9ad8\u5c42\u5efa\u7b51\u548c\u6469\u5929\u5927\u697c[33]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The city has grown from its original centre along the river into a sprawling metropolis surrounded by swaths of suburban residential development extending north and south into neighbouring provinces. The highly populated and growing cities of Nonthaburi<\/a>, Pak Kret<\/a>, Rangsit<\/a> and Samut Prakan<\/a> are effectively now suburbs of Bangkok. Nevertheless, large agricultural areas remain within the city proper at its eastern and western fringes, and a small number of forest area is found within the city limits: 3,887 rai (6.2 km2; 2.4 sq mi), amounting to 0.4 per cent of city area.[57]<\/a> Land use in the city consists of 23 per cent residential use, 24 per cent agriculture, and 30 per cent used for commerce, industry, and government.[1]<\/a> The BMA’s City Planning Department (CPD) is responsible for planning and shaping further development. It published master plan updates in 1999 and 2006, and a third revision is undergoing public hearings in 2012.[58]<\/a>
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u4ece\u539f\u672c\u6cbf\u7740\u6cb3\u6d41\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u5e26\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u90fd\u5e02\uff0c\u5468\u56f4\u662f\u4e00\u7247\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u76f8\u90bb\u7701\u4efd\u7684\u90ca\u533a\u4f4f\u5b85\u533a\u3002\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u96c6\u4e14\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u8bfa\u5766\u5e03\u91cc\u3001\u5e15\u514b\u514b\u96f7\u7279\u3001\u6717\u897f\u7279\u548c\u6c99\u59c6\u7279\u5df4\u5eb7\u7b49\u57ce\u5e02\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u90ca\u533a\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u4e1c\u90e8\u548c\u897f\u90e8\u8fb9\u7f18\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u5927\u7247\u519c\u4e1a\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u8fd8\u6709\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u68ee\u6797\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u9762\u79ef\u4e3a3,887\u83b1\uff086.2\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff1b2.4\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\uff0c\u5360\u57ce\u5e02\u9762\u79ef\u76840.4%[57]\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u571f\u5730\u5229\u7528\u5305\u62ec23%\u7684\u4f4f\u5b85\u7528\u5730\u300124%\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u7528\u5730\u548c30%\u7528\u4e8e\u5546\u4e1a\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u7528\u9014[1]\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u5927\u90fd\u4f1a\u533a\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u89c4\u5212\u90e8\u95e8\u8d1f\u8d23\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u5851\u9020\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u90e8\u95e8\u57281999\u5e74\u548c2006\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u603b\u4f53\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u4fee\u8ba2\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u516c\u4f17\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a[58]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY 2.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u662d\u62ab\u8036\u6cb3<\/a>\u7a7f\u8fc7\u66fc\u8c37\u5e02\u533a<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aNik Cyclist<\/a> from Bangkok, Thailand – \u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee\u539f\u56fe\u94fe\u63a5<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4f4d\u4e8e\u62c9\u8fbe\u90a3\u54e5\u6b23\u5c9b\uff0c\u5c5e\u62cd\u90a3\u7a7a\u53bf<\/a>[37]<\/a>\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u5927\u7687\u5bab<\/a>\u548c\u56fd\u67f1\u5e99<\/a>\u662f\u6cf0\u4eac\u66fc\u8c37\u5efa\u57ce\u4e4b\u8c61\u5f81\u3002\u62cd\u90a3\u7a7a\u53bf\u3001\u90a6\u5df4\u6c99\u90fd\u62cd\u53bf<\/a>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u534e\u88d4<\/a>\u805a\u5c45\u7684\u4e09\u6500\u4ed6\u65fa\u53bf<\/a>\u662f\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u8001\u57ce\u533a[37]<\/a>\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u6731\u62c9\u9686\u529f\u738b\u5728\u5317\u90ca\u5f00\u8f9f\u5f8b\u5b9e\u5bab<\/a>\uff0c\u5e76\u4fee\u5efa\u62c9\u5dee\u4e39\u5ae9\u8def<\/a>\u540c\u65e7\u7687\u5bab\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4eca\u65e5\u6cf0\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u91cd\u5730\u5f8b\u5b9e\u53bf<\/a>\u4e4b\u57fa\u7840[37]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Many traditional neighbourhoods and markets are found here, including the Chinese settlement of Sampheng.[59]<\/a> The city was expanded toward Dusit District in the early 19th century, following King Chulalongkorn’s relocation of the royal household to the new Dusit Palace<\/a>. The buildings of the palace, including the neoclassical Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall<\/a>, as well as the Royal Plaza<\/a> and Ratchadamnoen Avenue<\/a> which leads to it from the Grand Palace, reflect the heavy influence of European architecture at the time. Major government offices line the avenue, as does the Democracy Monument<\/a>. The area is the site of the country’s seat of power as well as the city’s most popular tourist landmarks.[59]<\/a>
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u793e\u533a\u548c\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u534e\u4eba\u805a\u5c45\u5730Sampheng[59]\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u5411Dusit\u533a\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6731\u62c9\u9686\u529f\u56fd\u738b\u5c06\u7687\u5ba4\u8fc1\u5f80\u65b0\u7684Dusit\u5bab\u6bbf\u3002\u5bab\u6bbf\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u65b0\u53e4\u5178\u4e3b\u4e49\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u963f\u5357\u5854\u00b7\u8428\u739b\u79d1\u59c6\u738b\u5ea7\u5927\u5385\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7687\u5bb6\u5e7f\u573a\u548c\u4ece\u5927\u7687\u5bab\u901a\u5411\u8be5\u5e7f\u573a\u7684\u62c9\u67e5\u8fbe\u51a0\u5927\u9053\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u6b27\u6d32\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5927\u91cf\u653f\u5e9c\u529e\u516c\u697c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6761\u5927\u9053\u4e0a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u6709min2 zhu3\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u662f\u8be5\u56fd\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8be5\u57ce\u5e02\u6700\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u70b9\u6240\u5728\u5730[59]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aThe Royal Plaza<\/a> in Dusit District was inspired by King Chulalongkorn’s visits to Europe.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5f8b\u5b9e\u53bf\u7684\u7687\u5bb6\u5e7f\u573a\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7075\u611f\u6765\u81ea\u6731\u62c9\u9686\u529f\u56fd\u738b\u8bbf\u95ee\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u3002
    \u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a    \u5f8b\u5b9e\u53bf<\/a>\u4e94\u4e16\u738b\u5e7f\u573a<\/a><\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e13\u0e18\u0e23 \u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e2a<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u8001\u57ce\u533a\u9c9c\u6709\u9ad8\u5c42\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7684\u5219\u662f\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u662f\u9686\u8def<\/a>\u548c\u6c99\u541e\u8def<\/a>\u4e00\u5e26\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u533a\uff0c\u5c5e\u633d\u53fb\u53bf<\/a>\u548c\u6c99\u541e\u53bf<\/a>\uff0c\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u8bf8\u591a\u5927\u4f01\u4e1a\u603b\u90e8\u7684\u6240\u5728\u5730\u3002\u6731\u62c9\u9686\u529f\u5927\u5b66<\/a>\u4ee5\u5317\uff0c\u662f\u66b9\u7f57\u533a<\/a>\u548c\u62c9\u5dee\u5df4\u9882<\/a>\u533a\uff0c\u5efa\u6709\u6570\u5ea7\u5927\u578b\u5546\u573a\uff0c\u662f\u66fc\u8c37\u4e43\u81f3\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8d2d\u7269\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u800c\u6cbf\u7740\u6cf0\u56fd3\u53f7\u516c\u8def\u7d20\u5764\u9038\u8def<\/a>\uff0c\u5b9b\u4ed6\u90a3\u53bf<\/a>\u548c\u5b54\u63d0\u53bf<\/a>\u4e00\u5e26\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u96f6\u552e\u5e97\u94fa\u548c\u9152\u5e97\uff0c\u662f\u66fc\u8c37\u53e6\u4e00\u5904\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u5a31\u4e50\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u7d20\u5764\u9038\u8def\u7684\u652f\u8def\u548c\u652f\u5df7\u5219\u5efa\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u5199\u5b57\u697c\u548c\u9ad8\u6863\u4f4f\u5b85\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u96c6\u4e2d\u5efa\u6210\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u5546\u52a1\u533a<\/a>[38]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bangkok lacks a single distinct central business district<\/a>. Instead, the areas of Siam and Ratchaprasong serve as a “central shopping district” containing many of the bigger malls and commercial areas in the city, as well as Siam Station<\/a>, the only transfer point between the city’s two elevated train lines.[60]<\/a> The Victory Monument<\/a> in Ratchathewi District is among its most important road junctions, serving over 100 bus lines as well as an elevated train station. From the monument, Phahonyothin<\/a> and Ratchawithi<\/a> \/ Din Daeng Roads respectively run north and east linking to major residential areas. Most of the high-density development areas are within the 113-square-kilometre (44 sq mi) area encircled by the Ratchadaphisek<\/a> inner ring road. Ratchadaphisek is lined with businesses and retail outlets, and office buildings also cluster around Ratchayothin Intersection in Chatuchak District to the north. Farther from the city centre, most areas are primarily mid- or low-density residential. The Thonburi side of the city is less developed, with fewer high rises. With the exception of a few secondary urban centres, Thonburi, in the same manner as the outlying eastern districts, consists mostly of residential and rural areas.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u5546\u4e1a\u533a\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0cSiam\u548cRatchaprasong\u5730\u533a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u4e2d\u592e\u8d2d\u7269\u533a\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u8be5\u57ce\u5e02\u8bb8\u591a\u5927\u578b\u5546\u573a\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u533a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caSiam\u7ad9\uff0c\u662f\u8be5\u57ce\u5e02\u4e24\u6761\u9ad8\u67b6\u94c1\u8def\u7ebf\u4e4b\u95f4\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6362\u4e58\u70b9[60]\u3002\u62c9\u8fbe\u8fea\u7ef4\u533a\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u662f\u57ce\u5e02\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4ea4\u6c47\u5904\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6709100\u591a\u6761\u516c\u4ea4\u7ebf\u8def\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u67b6\u706b\u8f66\u7ad9\u3002\u4ece\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u51fa\u53d1\uff0cPhahonyothin\u548cRatchawithi \/ Din Daeng Roads\u5206\u522b\u5411\u5317\u548c\u4e1c\u5ef6\u4f38\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u7740\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5c45\u4f4f\u533a\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5f00\u53d1\u533a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7531Ratchadaphisek\u73af\u5f62\u8def\u73af\u7ed5\u7684113\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff0844\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u7684\u533a\u57df\u5185\u3002Ratchadaphisek\u4e00\u5e26\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u96f6\u552e\u5e97\uff0c\u800c\u529e\u516c\u697c\u5219\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728Chatuchak\u533a\u5317\u90e8\u7684Ratchayothin\u4ea4\u53c9\u53e3\u9644\u8fd1\u3002\u79bb\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8f83\u8fdc\u7684\u5730\u533a\u5927\u591a\u662f\u4e2d\u7b49\u6216\u4f4e\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4f4f\u5b85\u533a\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u4e1c\u4fa7\u5916\u56f4\u533a\u57df\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u4e1c\u4fa7\u5916\u56f4\u533a\u57df\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u5c45\u4f4f\u548c\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5c11\u6570\u6b21\u8981\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u4e1c\u4fa7\u5916\u56f4\u533a\u57df\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u5c45\u4f4f\u548c\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY 2.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u7d20\u5764\u9038\u8def<\/a>\u5468\u8fb9\u5efa\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u9ad8\u5c42\u5efa\u7b51<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aDavid McKelvey<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \u62c9\u5dee\u8d34\u5a01\u53bf<\/a>\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891<\/a>\u4e00\u5e26\u662f\u516c\u5171\u4ea4\u901a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ece\u80dc\u5229\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u8d77\u59cb\uff0c\u62cd\u51e4\u88d5\u5ead\u8def<\/a>\u3001\u53fb\u731c\u5a01\u63d0\u8def<\/a>\u3001\u90bb\u94c3\u8def\uff08Din Daeng Road\uff09\u8fde\u901a\u5404\u5927\u5c45\u6c11\u533a\u3002\u53fb\u731c\u8fbe\u62ab\u8272\u8def<\/a>\u5185\u73af\u5219\u662f\u66fc\u8c37\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5f00\u53d1\u533a\u57df\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5176\u5468\u8fb9\u7684113\u5e73\u65b9\u5343\u7c73\u5185\u5546\u94fa\u6797\u7acb\uff0c\u5411\u5317\u7684\u4e4d\u90fd\u8282\u53bf<\/a>\u62c9\u5dee\u88d5\u5ead\u8def\u53e3\uff08Ratchayothin Intersection\uff09\u4e00\u5e26\u4ea6\u662f\u5199\u5b57\u697c\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u5730\u533a\u3002\u8fdc\u90ca\u5904\u5219\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e2d\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6216\u4f4e\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4f4f\u5b85\u533a\u3002\u662d\u62ab\u8036\u6cb3\u897f\u5cb8\u7684\u541e\u6b66\u91cc<\/a>\u5f00\u53d1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u76f8\u5bf9\u843d\u540e\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4f4f\u5b85\u533a\u548c\u4e61\u6751\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u66fc\u8c37\u8001\u57ce\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8857\u9053\u4e24\u4fa7\u4ecd\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e2d\u8461\u5f0f\u98ce\u683c<\/a>\u5e97\u5c4b<\/a>\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u9ad8\u5c42\u5efa\u7b51\u5728\u5404\u5730\u62d4\u5730\u800c\u8d77\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u98ce\u683c\u51b2\u7a81\u800c\u8fe5\u5f02\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u666f\u89c2[39]<\/a>\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ea6\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u5c11\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\uff0c2000\u5e74\u65f6\uff0c\u6709100\u591a\u4e07\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u5927\u7ea6800\u4e2a\u975e\u6b63\u89c4\u4f4f\u5904\u5185[40]<\/a>\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u8d2b\u6c11\u533a\u662f\u68da\u6237\u533a\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u7a7a\u5824\u53bf<\/a>\u7b49\u5730[40]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    While most of Bangkok’s streets are fronted by vernacular shophouses<\/a>, the largely unrestricted building euphoria of the 1980s has transformed the city into an urban area of skyscrapers and high rises of contrasting and clashing styles.[61]<\/a> There are 581 skyscrapers over 90 metres (300 feet) tall in the city. Bangkok was ranked as the world’s eighth tallest city in 2016.[62]<\/a> As a result of persistent economic disparity<\/a>, many slums have emerged in the city. In 2000 there were over one million people living in about 800 informal settlements<\/a>.[63]<\/a> Some settlements are squatted<\/a> such as the large slums in Khlong Toei District<\/a>. In total there were 125 squatted areas.[63]<\/a>
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u66fc\u8c37\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8857\u9053\u90fd\u6709\u5730\u65b9\u7279\u8272\u7684\u5e97\u5c4b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u70ed\u6f6e\u5c06\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u62e5\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u6469\u5929\u5927\u697c\u548c\u9ad8\u5c42\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u57ce\u5e02[61]\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u6709581\u5ea7\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc790\u7c73\uff08300\u82f1\u5c3a\uff09\u7684\u6469\u5929\u5927\u697c\u30022016\u5e74\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u88ab\u8bc4\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u516b\u9ad8\u7684\u57ce\u5e02[62]\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u8be5\u5e02\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u30022000\u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u5e02\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7100\u4e07\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u7ea6800\u4e2a\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5b9a\u5c45\u70b9[63]\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9a\u5c45\u70b9\u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u5360\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Khlong Toei\u533a\u7684\u5927\u578b\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u3002\u603b\u5171\u6709125\u4e2a\u975e\u6cd5\u5360\u5730\u533a[63]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

    \n
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    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 3.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aSkyscrapers of Ratchadamri and Sukhumvit at night, viewed across Lumphini Park from the Si Lom \u2013 Sathon business district
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4ece Si Lom \u2013 \u6c99\u541e\u5546\u4e1a\u533a\u4fef\u77b0\u662f\u4e50\u56ed\u5bf9\u9762\u7684 Ratchadamri \u548c Sukhumvit \u6469\u5929\u5927\u697c<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a    Benh LIEU SONG<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    4.5 \u516c\u56ed\u548c\u7eff\u5730 | Parks and green zones<\/h3>\n\n\n
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    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY 2.5\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
    \n

    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aLumphini Park<\/a>, an oasis amid the skyscrapers of Ratchadamri<\/a> and Sukhumvit
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u662f\u4e50\u56ed (Lumphini Park)\uff0c\u62c9\u67e5\u4e39\u5229 (Ratchadamri) \u548c\u7d20\u5764\u9038 (Sukhumvit) \u6469\u5929\u5927\u697c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u7247\u7eff\u6d32<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a    Terence Ong<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    Bangkok has several parks, although these amount to a per capita total park area of only 1.82 square metres (19.6 sq ft) in the city proper. Total green space for the entire city is moderate, at 11.8 square metres (127 sq ft) per person. In the more densely built-up areas of the city these numbers are as low as 1.73 and 0.72 square metres (18.6 and 7.8 sq ft) per person.[64]<\/a> More recent numbers claim that there is 3.3 square metres (36 sq ft) of green space per person,[65]<\/a> compared to an average of 39 square metres (420 sq ft) in other cities across Asia. In Europe, London has 33.4 m2 of green space per head.[66]<\/a> Bangkokians thus have 10 times less green space than is standard in the region’s urban areas.[67]<\/a> Green belt<\/a> areas include about 700 square kilometres (270 sq mi) of rice paddies and orchards on the eastern and western edges of the city, although their primary purpose is to serve as flood detention basins<\/a> rather than to limit urban expansion.[68]<\/a> Bang Kachao<\/a>, a 20-square-kilometre (7.7 sq mi) conservation area on an oxbow of the Chao Phraya, lies just across the southern riverbank districts, in Samut Prakan province<\/a>. A master development plan has been proposed to increase total park area to 4 square metres (43 sq ft) per person.[64]<\/a>
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u62e5\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u516c\u56ed\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u5e02\u533a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u4eba\u5747\u603b\u516c\u56ed\u9762\u79ef\u4ec5\u4e3a1.82\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\uff0819.6\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u5c3a\uff09\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u603b\u7eff\u5730\u9762\u79ef\u9002\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4eba\u5360\u670911.8\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\uff08127\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u5c3a\uff09\u3002\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u66f4\u5bc6\u96c6\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u751a\u81f3\u4f4e\u81f3\u6bcf\u4eba1.73\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\u548c0.72\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\uff08\u5206\u522b\u4e3a18.6\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u5c3a\u548c7.8\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u5c3a\uff09[64]\u3002\u66f4\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u6bcf\u4eba\u62e5\u67093.3\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\uff0836\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u5c3a\uff09\u7684\u7eff\u5730\uff0c\u800c\u4e9a\u6d32\u5176\u4ed6\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u4e3a39\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\uff08420\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u5c3a\uff09\u3002\u800c\u4f26\u6566\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u6bcf\u4eba\u62e5\u670933.4\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\u7684\u7eff\u5730[66]\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u5728\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5730\u533a\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u7eff\u5730\u9762\u79ef\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5341\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00[67]\u3002\u7eff\u5316\u5e26\u533a\u57df\u5305\u62ec\u4f4d\u4e8e\u57ce\u5e02\u4e1c\u90e8\u548c\u897f\u90e8\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u5927\u7ea6700\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff08270\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u7684\u7a3b\u7530\u548c\u679c\u56ed\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d2a\u6c34\u6ede\u7559\u6c60\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9650\u5236\u57ce\u5e02\u6269\u5f20[68]\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u5357\u90e8\u6cb3\u5cb8\u533a\u7684Samut Prakan\u7701\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6e44\u5357\u6cb3\u4e0a\u768420\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff087.7\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u7684Bang Kachao\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u3002\u5df2\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u603b\u4f53\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u5c06\u603b\u516c\u56ed\u9762\u79ef\u589e\u52a0\u5230\u6bcf\u4eba4\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\uff0843\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u5c3a\uff09[64]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bangkok’s largest parks include the centrally located Lumphini Park<\/a> near the Silom\u2013Sathon business district with an area of 57.6 hectares (142 acres), the 80-hectare (200-acre) Suanluang Rama IX<\/a> in the east of the city, and the Chatuchak<\/a>\u2013Queen Sirikit<\/a>\u2013Wachirabenchathat<\/a> park complex in northern Bangkok, which has a combined area of 92 hectares (230 acres).[69]<\/a> More parks are expected to be created through the Green Bangkok 2030 project, which aims to leave the city with 10 square metres (110 sq ft) of green space per person, including 30% of the city having tree cover.[70]<\/a>
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u6700\u5927\u7684\u516c\u56ed\u5305\u62ec\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5170\u7a7a\u516c\u56ed\uff08Lumphini Park\uff09\uff0c\u9762\u79ef\u4e3a57.6\u516c\u9877\uff08142\u82f1\u4ea9\uff09\uff0c\u9760\u8fd1Silom-Sathon\u5546\u4e1a\u533a\uff1b\u4f4d\u4e8e\u57ce\u5e02\u4e1c\u90e8\u7684\u987a\u798f\u62c9\u739b\u4e5d\u516c\u56ed\uff08Suanluang Rama IX\uff09\uff0c\u9762\u79ef\u4e3a80\u516c\u9877\uff08200\u82f1\u4ea9\uff09\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f4d\u4e8e\u66fc\u8c37\u5317\u90e8\u7684Chatuchak-Queen Sirikit-Wachirabenchathat\u516c\u56ed\u7efc\u5408\u4f53\uff0c\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u4e3a92\u516c\u9877\uff08230\u82f1\u4ea9\uff09[69]\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u7eff\u8272\u66fc\u8c372030\u201d\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u5c06\u5efa\u7acb\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u516c\u56ed\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u62e5\u670910\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\uff08110\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u5c3a\uff09\u7684\u7eff\u5730\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u57ce\u5e02\u768430%\u6709\u6811\u6728\u8986\u76d6\u7387[70]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5. \u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1 | Demography<\/h2>\n\n\n
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    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aBangkok population pyramid, based on 2021 population registry
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u4eba\u53e3\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e 2021 \u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u767b\u8bb0<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a    Tweedle<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n

    \n
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    The city of Bangkok has a population of 8,305,218 according to the 2010 census, or 12.6 per cent of the national population,[4]<\/a> while 2020 estimates place the figure at 10.539 million (15.3 per cent).[5]<\/a> Roughly half are internal migrants from other Thai provinces;[72]<\/a> population registry statistics recorded 5,676,648 residents belonging to 2,959,524 households in 2018.[73]<\/a>[i]<\/a> Much of Bangkok’s daytime population commutes from surrounding provinces in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, the total population of which is 14,626,225 (2010 census).[4]<\/a> Bangkok is a cosmopolitan city; the census showed that it is home to 567,120 expatriates from Asian countries (including 71,024 Chinese and 63,069 Japanese nationals), 88,177 from Europe, 32,241 from the Americas, 5,856 from Oceania and 5,758 from Africa. Migrants from neighbouring countries include 216,528 Burmese, 72,934 Cambodians and 52,498 Lao.[74]<\/a> In 2018, numbers show that there are 370,000 international migrants registered with the Department of Employment, more than half of them migrants from Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar.[72]<\/a>
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6839\u636e2010\u5e74\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u5e02\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u4e3a8,305,218\u4eba\uff0c\u5360\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u768412.6%[4]\uff0c\u800c2020\u5e74\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u4eba\u53e3\u4e3a10,539,000\u4eba\uff0c\u5360\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u768415.3%[5]\u3002\u5927\u7ea6\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6765\u81ea\u6cf0\u56fd\u5176\u4ed6\u7701\u4efd\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u79fb\u6c11[72]\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4eba\u53e3\u767b\u8bb0\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c2018\u5e74\u67095,676,648\u540d\u5c45\u6c11\u5c5e\u4e8e2,959,524\u4e2a\u5bb6\u5ead[73][i]\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u767d\u5929\u4eba\u53e3\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u66fc\u8c37\u5927\u90fd\u4f1a\u5730\u533a\u5468\u8fb9\u7684\u7701\u4efd\uff0c\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u7684\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u4e3a14,626,225\u4eba\uff082010\u5e74\u666e\u67e5\u6570\u636e\uff09[4]\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u5316\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff1b\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u6709567,120\u540d\u6765\u81ea\u4e9a\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5916\u7c4d\u4eba\u58eb\uff08\u5305\u62ec71,024\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u548c63,069\u540d\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\uff09\uff0c88,177\u540d\u6765\u81ea\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c32,241\u540d\u6765\u81ea\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0c5,856\u540d\u6765\u81ea\u5927\u6d0b\u6d32\u548c5,758\u540d\u6765\u81ea\u975e\u6d32\u3002\u90bb\u56fd\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u5305\u62ec216,528\u540d\u7f05\u7538\u4eba\uff0c72,934\u540d\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u4eba\u548c52,498\u540d\u8001\u631d\u4eba[74]\u30022018\u5e74\u7684\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u6709370,000\u540d\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u5c31\u4e1a\u90e8\u95e8\u6ce8\u518c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u534a\u6765\u81ea\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u3001\u8001\u631d\u548c\u7f05\u7538[72]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Following its establishment as capital city in 1782, Bangkok grew only slightly throughout the 18th and early 19th centuries. British diplomat John Crawfurd<\/a>, visiting in 1822, estimated its population at no more than 50,000.[75]<\/a> As a result of Western medicine brought by missionaries as well as increased immigration from both within Siam and overseas, Bangkok’s population gradually increased as the city modernized in the late 19th century. This growth became even more pronounced in the 1930s, following the discovery of antibiotics. Although family planning and birth control were introduced in the 1960s, the lowered birth rate was more than offset by increased migration from the provinces as economic expansion accelerated. Only in the 1990s have Bangkok’s population growth rates decreased, following the national rate. Thailand had long since become highly centralized around the capital. In 1980, Bangkok’s population was fifty-one times that of Hat Yai<\/a> and Songkhla<\/a>, the second-largest urban centre at the time, making it the world’s most prominent primate city<\/a>.[76]<\/a>[77]<\/a>
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u57281782\u5e74\u6210\u4e3a\u9996\u90fd\u540e\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u572818\u4e16\u7eaa\u548c19\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u671f\u7684\u589e\u957f\u975e\u5e38\u7f13\u6162\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u514b\u52b3\u798f\u5fb7\u4e8e1822\u5e74\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u4f30\u8ba1\u5176\u4eba\u53e3\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc75\u4e07\u4eba[75]\u3002\u968f\u7740\u897f\u65b9\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ee5\u53ca\u6765\u81ea\u66b9\u7f57\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u968f\u77401930\u5e74\u4ee3\u53d1\u73b0\u6297\u751f\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u589e\u957f\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u663e\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u548c\u907f\u5b55\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6269\u5f20\u52a0\u901f\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u7701\u4efd\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u51fa\u751f\u7387\u88ab\u62b5\u6d88\u4e86\u3002\u76f4\u52301990\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u957f\u7387\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u8ddf\u968f\u5168\u56fd\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u65e9\u5df2\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u9996\u90fd\u5468\u56f4\u30021980\u5e74\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u5408\u827e\u548c\u5b8b\u5361\u5e9c\u768451\u500d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u57ce\u5e02[76][77]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

    \n
    \"\"\/
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY 2.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
    \n

    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aYaowarat Road<\/a>, the centre of Bangkok’s Chinatown<\/a>. Chinese immigrants historically formed the majority of the city’s population.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8000\u534e\u529b\u8def\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u5510\u4eba\u8857\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002 \u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u5360\u8be5\u5e02\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a    Ninara<\/a> from Helsinki, Finland<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    The majority of Bangkok’s population identify as Thai<\/a>,[j]<\/a> although details on the city’s ethnic make-up are unavailable, as the national census does not document race.[k]<\/a> Bangkok’s cultural pluralism dates back to the early days of its founding: several ethnic communities were formed by immigrants and forced settlers including the Khmer<\/a>, northern Thai<\/a>, Lao<\/a>, Vietnamese<\/a>, Mon<\/a> and Malay<\/a>.[10]<\/a> Most prominent were the Chinese, who played major roles in the city’s trade and became the majority of Bangkok’s population\u2014estimates include up to three-fourths in 1828 and almost half in the 1950s.[81]<\/a>[l]<\/a> Chinese immigration was restricted from the 1930s and effectively ceased after the Chinese Revolution<\/a> in 1949. Their prominence subsequently declined as younger generations of Thai Chinese<\/a> integrated and adopted a Thai identity<\/a>. Bangkok is still nevertheless home to a large Chinese community, with the greatest concentration in Yaowarat<\/a>, Bangkok’s Chinatown<\/a>.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u53e3\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6cf0\u65cf\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5173\u4e8e\u8be5\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u65cf\u88d4\u6784\u6210\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f97\u77e5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u5e76\u672a\u8bb0\u5f55\u79cd\u65cf[10]\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u6587\u5316\u591a\u5143\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u5176\u5efa\u57ce\u521d\u671f\uff1a\u8bb8\u591a\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u88ab\u8feb\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u793e\u7fa4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9ad8\u68c9\u65cf\u3001\u5317\u90e8\u6cf0\u65cf\u3001\u8001\u631d\u65cf\u3001\u8d8a\u5357\u65cf\u3001\u8499\u65cf\u548c\u9a6c\u6765\u65cf[10]\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u534e\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u66fc\u8c37\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u53e3\u2014\u636e\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c1828\u5e74\u8fbe\u5230\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e09\uff0c\u52301950\u5e74\u4ee3\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e00\u534a[81]\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\u9650\u5236\u534e\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u5e76\u57281949\u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u56fdge2 ming4\u540e\u5b9e\u9645\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5e74\u8f7b\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u6cf0\u7c4d\u534e\u4eba\u878d\u5165\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u9010\u6e10\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u7684\u6240\u5728\u5730\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u662f\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u5510\u4eba\u8857\u2014\u2014\u6cf0\u8bed\u79f0\u4e3aYaowarat\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u66fc\u8c37\u4ea6\u6709\u4f17\u591a\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u6c11\u793e\u533a\u3002\u62cd\u4e4e\u53fb\u8def<\/a>\u662f\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u5c0f\u5370\u5ea6<\/a>\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u7d20\u5764\u9038\u8def<\/a>\u4e24\u4fa7\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u6709\u65e5\u672c\u793e\u533a\u3001\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u548c\u5317\u975e\u793e\u533a\u53ca\u97e9\u56fd\u793e\u533a\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646<\/a>\u79fb\u6c11\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u6709\u201c\u4ee3\u8d2d\u8857\u201d\u4e4b\u79f0\u7684\u6c47\u6743\u53bf<\/a>\u4e00\u5e26[19]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

    \n
    \"\"\/<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

    The majority (93 per cent) of the city’s population is Buddhist, according to the 2010 census. Other religions include Islam (4.6 per cent), Christianity (1.9 per cent), Hinduism (0.3 per cent), Sikhism (0.1 per cent) and Confucianism (0.1 per cent).[83]<\/a>
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6839\u636e2010\u5e74\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u5e02\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u53e3\uff0893%\uff09\u4fe1\u5949\u4f5b\u6559\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5b97\u6559\u5305\u62ec\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\uff084.6%\uff09\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff081.9%\uff09\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\uff080.3%\uff09\u3001\u9521\u514b\u6559\uff080.1%\uff09\u548c\u5112\u6559\uff080.1%\uff09[83]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u72b9\u592a\u6559\u5f92<\/a>\u7ea6300\u4eba\uff0c0.3%\u4fe1\u5949\u5370\u5ea6\u6559<\/a>\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u7ea6\u6709400\u5ea7\u4f5b\u6559\u5bfa\uff0c55\u5ea7\u6e05\u771f\u5bfa<\/a>\uff0c10\u5ea7\u6559\u5802<\/a>\uff0c2\u95f4\u72b9\u592a\u4f1a\u5802<\/a>[20]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Apart from Yaowarat, Bangkok also has several other distinct ethnic neighbourhoods. The Indian community is centred in Phahurat<\/a>, where the Gurdwara Siri Guru Singh Sabha, founded in 1933, is located. Ban Khrua<\/a> on Saen Saep Canal is home to descendants of the Cham<\/a> who settled in the late 18th century. Although the Portuguese<\/a> who settled during the Thonburi period have ceased to exist as a distinct community, their past is reflected in Santa Cruz Church<\/a>, on the west bank of the river. Likewise, Assumption Cathedral<\/a> on Charoen Krung Road is among many European-style buildings in the Old Farang<\/a> Quarter, where European diplomats and merchants lived in the late 19th to early 20th centuries. Nearby, the Haroon Mosque is the centre of a Muslim community. Newer expatriate communities exist along Sukhumvit Road, including the Japanese community near Soi Phrom Phong and Soi Thong Lo<\/a>, and the Arab and North African neighbourhood along Soi Nana. Sukhumvit Plaza, a mall on Soi Sukhumvit 12, is popularly known as Korea Town.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u9664\u4e86\u5510\u4eba\u8857\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u8fd8\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5176\u4ed6\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u793e\u533a\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u793e\u533a\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5e15\u54c8\u62c9\u533a\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u5ea7\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1933\u5e74\u7684\u53e4\u5c14\u8fbe\u74e6\u62c9\u00b7\u897f\u91cc\u53e4\u9c81\u00b7\u8f9b\u683c\u00b7\u8428\u5df4\u5bfa\u5e99\u3002\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6c99\u6069\u8272\u666e\u8fd0\u6cb3\u7684Bang Khrua\u662f18\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f\u5b9a\u5c45\u7684\u5360\u65cf\u540e\u88d4\u7684\u5bb6\u56ed\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u4e1c\u5df4\u91cc\uff08Thonburi\uff09\u65f6\u671f\u5b9a\u5c45\u7684\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5728\u6cb3\u7684\u897f\u5cb8\u7684\u5723\u5341\u5b57\u6559\u5802\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5728Charoen Krung Road\u4e0a\u7684\u5723\u6bcd\u5347\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5802\u662f\u8001\u8fdc\u6d0b\u533a\u57df\u5185\u8bb8\u591a\u6b27\u5f0f\u5efa\u7b51\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5ea7\uff0c19\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u81f320\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u548c\u5546\u4eba\u66fe\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c45\u4f4f\u3002\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u54c8\u4f26\u6e05\u771f\u5bfa\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u793e\u533a\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u6cbf\u7740\u7d20\u5764\u9038\u8def\uff08Sukhumvit Road\uff09\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f83\u65b0\u7684\u5916\u7c4d\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9760\u8fd1Phrom Phong\u8857\u548cThong Lo\u8857\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cbf\u7740Nana\u8857\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u548c\u5317\u975e\u793e\u533a\u3002\u7d20\u5764\u9038\u5e7f\u573a\uff08Sukhumvit Plaza\uff09\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7d20\u5764\u903812\u5df7\u7684\u8d2d\u7269\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u79f0\u4e3a\u97e9\u56fd\u57ce\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u8bed\u8a00<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u9996\u90fd\u6cf0\u8bed<\/a>\u548c\u6f6e\u9633\u8bdd<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u66fc\u8c37\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u6f6e\u9633\u8bdd\u5730\u533a\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c[21]<\/a>\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5f3a\u8feb\u540c\u5316\u5f53\u5730\u534e\u88d4\u6f6e\u5dde\u4eba\uff0c\u6545\u8bed\u8a00\u8f6c\u79fb<\/a>\u5230\u6cf0\u8bed\u901f\u5ea6\u5f88\u5feb\u3002 [22]<\/a>\u4eca\u65e5\u66fc\u8c37\u4e3b\u8981\u8bed\u8a00\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\uff0c\u6cf0\u8bed<\/a>\u3001\u8001\u631d\u8bed<\/a>\uff08\u4f9d\u5584\u8bed<\/a>\uff09\u548c\u7f05\u7538\u8bed<\/a>\uff0c\u6cf0\u8bed\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u5f53\u5730\u6700\u666e\u904d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u5730\u65b9\u8a00\u8ddf\u66b9\u7f57\u4eba\u7684\u6cf0\u8bed\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u8001\u631d\u8bed\u7528\u6cf0\u6587<\/a>\u4e66\u5199\uff0c\u662f\u4f9d\u5584\u5730\u533a<\/a>\u7684\u4eba\u6682\u65f6\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4f46\u6cf0\u8bed\u6bcd\u8bed\u8005\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u76f8\u4e92\u7406\u89e3\u6027<\/a>\u3002\u7f05\u7538\u8bed\u662f\u7f05\u7c4d\u52b3\u5de5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u82f1\u8bed\u8ddf\u4e2d\u6587\u4ec5\u5728\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u70b9\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u4f7f\u7528\u3002[23]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    6. \u7ecf\u6d4e | Economy<\/h2>\n\n\n
    \n
    \"\"\/
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY 2.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
    \n

    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u5927\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u53a6<\/a>\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6c99\u541e\u8def<\/a>\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u91cd\u5730<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aNinara<\/a> from Helsinki, Finland<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \u66fc\u8c37\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e<\/a>\u4e2d\u5fc3\u30022018\u5e74\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u5168\u5e02\u7ecf\u6d4e\u603b\u4ea7\u503c\u4e3a5.384\u4e07\u4ebf\u6cf0\u94e2\uff081740\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\uff0c\u4eba\u5747\u4ea7\u503c604,521\u6cf0\u94e2\uff0819,500\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u5168\u56fd\u5e73\u5747\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u4e24\u500d\u591a\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u90fd\u4f1a\u533a\u7684\u603b\u4ea7\u503c\u4e3a7.667\u4e07\u4ebf\u6cf0\u94e2\uff082470\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff09[41]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u6279\u53d1\u548c\u96f6\u552e\u8d38\u6613\u662f\u8be5\u5e02\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u5360\u66fc\u8c37\u7701\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\u768424%\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\uff0814.3%\uff09\uff1b\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u3001\u79df\u8d41\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0812.4%\uff09\u3001\u8fd0\u8f93\u548c\u901a\u8baf\uff0811.6%\uff09\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u4e2d\u4ecb\uff0811.1%\uff09\u3002\u4ec5\u66fc\u8c37\u5c31\u5360\u6cf0\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u768448.4%\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u53c8\u5360\u6cf0\u56fdGDP\u768449%\u3002\u4ee5\u66fc\u8c37\u90fd\u4f1a\u533a\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u662f\u8be5\u5730\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5360\u533a\u57df\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\u768428.2%\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u66fc\u8c37\u90bb\u8fd1\u5e9c\u5206\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u5bc6\u5ea6[42]<\/a>\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u90fd\u4f1a\u533a\u662f\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u5fc3[43]<\/a>\u3002\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u4e5f\u662f\u66fc\u8c37\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c2010\u5e74\u521b\u9020\u4e864275\u4ebf\u6cf0\u94e2\uff08133.8 \u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\u7684\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u652f\u67f1[44]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

    \n
    \"\"\/
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY 2.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
    \n

    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aMahaNakhon<\/a>, the city’s tallest building from 2016 to 2018, stands among the skyscrapers of Sathon Road<\/a>, one of Bangkok’s main financial districts.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1aMahaNakhon \u662f 2016 \u5e74\u81f3 2018 \u5e74\u66fc\u8c37\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u77d7\u7acb\u5728\u66fc\u8c37\u4e3b\u8981\u91d1\u878d\u533a\u4e4b\u4e00\u6c99\u541e\u8def\u7684\u6469\u5929\u5927\u697c\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a    Ninara<\/a> from Helsinki, Finland<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \u6cf0\u56fd\u8bc1\u5238\u4ea4\u6613\u6240<\/a>\uff08SET\uff09\u4f4d\u4e8e\u66fc\u8c37\u53fb\u5bdf\u8fbe\u62ab\u8272\u8def\uff0c\u603b\u5e02\u503c\u7ea6\u4e3a4900\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff082017\u5e748\u670831\u65e5\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u4ee3\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ecf\u6d4e\u652f\u67f1\uff0c\u80a1\u5e02\u5e02\u503c\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\uff0c\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3002\u5168\u7403\u5316\u53ca\u4e16\u754c\u57ce\u5e02\u7814\u7a76\u7f51\u7edc<\/a>\uff08GaWC\uff09\u5c06\u66fc\u8c37\u5217\u4e3a\u201cAlpha-\u201d\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u90fd\u5e02\uff0c\u5728Z\/Yen\u7684\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6307\u6570\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u7b2c59\u4f4d[45]<\/a>[46]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u66fc\u8c37\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u8981\u5546\u4e1a\u94f6\u884c\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be5\u56fd\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u603b\u90e8\u6240\u5728\u5730\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e9a\u6d32\u4e3b\u8981\u5546\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u548c\u8fd0\u8425\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u5c06\u5176\u533a\u57df\u603b\u90e8\u8bbe\u5728\u66fc\u8c37\u3002\u798f\u5e03\u65af\u5168\u7403\u4f01\u4e1a2000\u5f3a<\/a>\u4e2d\u670917\u5bb6\u6cf0\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e0a\u699c\uff0c\u5176\u603b\u90e8\u7686\u4f4d\u4e8e\u66fc\u8c37\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c31\u5305\u62ec\u6cf0\u56fd\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u4e16\u754c500\u5f3a<\/a>\u516c\u53f8\u6cf0\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u77f3\u6cb9\u80a1\u4efd<\/a>[47]<\/a>[48]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

    \n
    \"\"\/
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
    \n

    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u66b9\u7f57\u533a<\/a>\u662f\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u8d2d\u7269\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e4b\u4e00<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aPaolobon140<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u662f\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u6765\u81ea\u519c\u6751\u7701\u4efd\u548c\u90bb\u56fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u79fb\u6c11\u4e0e\uff0c\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u76f8\u5f53\u660e\u663e\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7edd\u5bf9\u8d2b\u56f0\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u57282010\u5e74\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u767b\u8bb0\u5c45\u6c11\u4e2d\u67090.64%\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u8d2b\u56f0\u7ebf\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u800c\u5168\u56fd\u5e73\u5747\u6c34\u5e73\u4e3a7.75%\u2014\u2014\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5dee\u8ddd\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u5927[49]<\/a>\u3002\u8be5\u5e02\u7684\u57fa\u5c3c\u7cfb\u6570<\/a>\u4e3a0.48\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u4eba\u5747\u6536\u5165\u7684\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u72b6\u6001[50]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    7. \u65c5\u6e38 | Tourism<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Main article: Tourism in Bangkok<\/a>\uff08\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u65c5\u6e38\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

    \n
    \"\"\/
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
    \n

    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u5927\u7687\u5bab<\/a>\u548c\u7389\u4f5b\u5bfa<\/a>\u662f\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u70ed\u95e8\u666f\u70b9<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aNawit science<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n

    \n
    \"\"\/
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 3.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
    \n

    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aThe Giant Swing<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aIPhi044<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \u66fc\u8c37\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u9876\u7ea7\u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u89c2\u5149\u4e1a<\/a>\u662f\u5360\u6cf0\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u603b\u6536\u516512\uff05\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5916\u6c47\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u7403162\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e07\u4e8b\u8fbe<\/a>\u5728\u51762018\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u57ce\u5e02\u6307\u6570\u4e2d\u5c06\u66fc\u8c37\u5217\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u6e38\u5ba2\u4eba\u6570\u6700\u591a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u9886\u5148\u4e8e\u4f26\u6566<\/a>\uff0c2017\u5e74\u8fc7\u591c\u6e38\u5ba2\u8d85\u8fc72000\u4e07[51]<\/a>\u3002Euromonitor International \u57282016\u5e74\u6700\u4f73\u57ce\u5e02\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u6392\u540d\u4e2d\u5c06\u66fc\u8c37\u6392\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u4f4d[52]<\/a>\u3002\u4ece2010\u5e74\u52302013\u5e74\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u8fde\u7eed\u56db\u5e74\u88abTravel + Leisure<\/a>\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u8c03\u67e5\u8bc4\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u4f73\u57ce\u5e02[53]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u66fc\u8c37\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u95e8\u6237\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8d74\u6cf0\u65c5\u6e38\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u6e38\u5ba2\u90fd\u4f1a\u524d\u5f80\u66fc\u8c37\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6cf0\u56fd\u672c\u56fd\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u540c\u6837\u662f\u65c5\u6e38\u80dc\u5730\u30022010\u5e74\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u65c5\u6e38\u90e8\u5f55\u5f9726,861,095\u540d\u6cf0\u56fd\u6e38\u5ba2\u548c11,361,808\u540d\u5916\u56fd\u6e38\u5ba2\u5230\u66fc\u8c37\u65c5\u6e38\uff0c\u4e3a15,031,244\u540d\u5ba2\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f4f\u5bbf\uff0c\u5360\u8be5\u5e0286,687\u95f4\u9152\u5e97\u5ba2\u623f\u768449.9%[44]<\/a>\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u57282017\u5e74\u7684\u6392\u540d\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4f4d\u5c45\u5168\u7403\u6700\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u4e4b\u9996[54]<\/a>[55]<\/a>[56]<\/a>[57]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u66fc\u8c37\u591a\u59ff\u591a\u5f69\u7684\u98ce\u5149\u3001\u540d\u80dc\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u751f\u6d3b\u5438\u5f15\u8457\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6e38\u5ba2\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u738b\u5bab\u3001\u5bfa\u5e99\u4ee5\u53ca\u535a\u7269\u9986<\/a>\u662f\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u5316\u666f\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u662f\u5927\u7687\u5bab<\/a>\u5185\u7684\u7389\u4f5b\u5bfa<\/a>\u548c\u5728\u5176\u6cb3\u659c\u5bf9\u9762\u7684\u9ece\u660e\u5bfa<\/a>\u3002\u8d2d\u7269\u548c\u9910\u996e\u4f53\u9a8c\u9009\u62e9\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u4e30\u4fed\u7531\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u8fd8\u4ee5\u5176\u5145\u6ee1\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u591c\u751f\u6d3b\u800c\u95fb\u540d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u6027\u65c5\u6e38\u573a\u666f\u4e3a\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u6240\u719f\u77e5\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u6216\u653f\u5e9c\u516c\u5f00\u627f\u8ba4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 3.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aWat Phra Kaew<\/a> in the Grand Palace<\/a> is among Bangkok’s major tourist attractions.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5927\u7687\u5bab\u7684\u7389\u4f5b\u5bfa\u662f\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a    Anindya Indira Putri<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \u66fc\u8c37\u8457\u540d\u7684\u666f\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u7687\u5bab\u548c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u5bfa\u5e99\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7389\u4f5b\u5bfa\u3001\u5367\u4f5b\u5bfa\u548c\u90d1\u738b\u5e99\uff0c\u5927\u79cb\u5343<\/a>\u548c\u4f0a\u62c9\u65fa\u795e\u575b<\/a>\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u6559<\/a>\u5bf9\u6cf0\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6c64\u666e\u751f\u535a\u7269\u9986<\/a>\u5219\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u5178\u8303\u3002\u535a\u7269\u9986\u5305\u62ec\u66fc\u8c37\u56fd\u5bb6\u535a\u7269\u9986<\/a>\u3001\u7687\u5bb6\u9a73\u8239\u56fd\u5bb6\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3001\u66b9\u7f57\u535a\u7269\u9986<\/a>\u7b49\u3002\u6e44\u5357\u6cb3<\/a>\u548c\u541e\u6b66\u91cc\u8fd0\u6cb3\u4e0a\u7684\u6e38\u8f6e\u4e4b\u65c5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b23\u8d4f\u5230\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f20\u7edf\u5efa\u7b51\u548c\u6c34\u4e0a\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f[58]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Shopping venues, many of which are popular with both tourists and locals, range from the shopping centres and department stores concentrated in Siam and Ratchaprasong to the sprawling Chatuchak Weekend Market<\/a>. Taling Chan Floating Market<\/a> is among the few such markets in Bangkok. Yaowarat is known for its shops as well as street-side food stalls and restaurants, which are also found throughout the city. Khao San Road<\/a> has long been famous as a destination for backpacker tourism<\/a>, with its budget accommodation, shops and bars attracting visitors from all over the world.<\/p>\n\n\n

    \n
    \"\"\/
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
    \n

    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aKhao San Road<\/a> is lined by budget accommodation, shops and bars catering to tourists.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8003\u5c71\u8def\u4e24\u65c1\u904d\u5e03\u7ecf\u6d4e\u578b\u4f4f\u5bbf\u3001\u5546\u5e97\u548c\u8fce\u5408\u6e38\u5ba2\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u9152\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a    Marcin Konsek<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n

    \n
    \"\"\/
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
    \n

    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u8003\u5c71\u8def<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aRmunsvila<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \u4ece\u66b9\u7f57\u533a<\/a>\u548c\u62c9\u5dee\u5df4\u9882<\/a>\u7684\u8d2d\u7269\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u767e\u8d27\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5230\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u4e4d\u90fd\u8282\u5e02\u573a<\/a>\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u8bb8\u591a\u8d2d\u7269\u573a\u6240\u6df1\u53d7\u6e38\u5ba2\u548c\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u7684\u6b22\u8fce\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u6c34\u4e0a\u5e02\u573a\u4e3a\u6570\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u4ec5\u4f59\u4e0b\u8fdc\u90ca\u7684\u5927\u6797\u6c5f<\/a>\u6c34\u4e0a\u5e02\u573a\u7b49\u3002\u8857\u5934\u5c0f\u5403\u644a\u904d\u5e03\u66fc\u8c37\u5404\u5927\u95f9\u5e02\u533a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee5\u8000\u534e\u529b<\/a>\u4e00\u5e26\u6700\u4e3a\u95fb\u540d\u3002\u8003\u5c71\u8def<\/a>\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u5219\u4e00\u76f4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u80cc\u5305\u5ba2\u65c5\u6e38\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u800c\u95fb\u540d\uff0c\u5176\u5ec9\u4ef7\u4f4f\u5bbf\u3001\u5546\u5e97\u548c\u9152\u5427\u5438\u5f15\u8457\u6765\u81ea\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u6e38\u5ba2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bangkok has a reputation overseas as a major destination in the sex industry<\/a>. Although prostitution is technically illegal<\/a> and is rarely openly discussed in Thailand, it commonly takes place among massage parlours, saunas and hourly hotels, serving foreign tourists as well as locals. Bangkok has acquired the nickname “Sin City of Asia” for its level of sex tourism.[105]<\/a>
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6027\u4ea7\u4e1a\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5356yin2\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f88\u5c11\u5728\u516c\u5f00\u573a\u5408\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u6309\u6469\u9662\u3001\u6851\u62ff\u548c\u949f\u70b9\u9152\u5e97\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e3a\u5916\u56fd\u6e38\u5ba2\u548c\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u56e0\u5176\u6027\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u800c\u88ab\u51a0\u4ee5\u201c\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u7f6a\u6076\u4e4b\u57ce\u201d\u7684\u7ef0\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u8bc8\u9a97\u3001\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6536\u8d39\u548c\u53cc\u91cd\u5b9a\u4ef7\u5219\u662f\u5916\u56fd\u6e38\u5ba2\u7ecf\u5e38\u9047\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u9879\u9488\u5bf9616\u540d\u6cf0\u56fd\u6e38\u5ba2\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u4e2d\uff0c7.79%\u7684\u4eba\u8868\u793a\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u8bc8\u9a97\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u662f\u5b9d\u77f3\u8bc8\u9a97\uff0c\u6e38\u5ba2\u88ab\u8bf1\u9a97\u8d2d\u4e70\u4ef7\u683c\u8fc7\u9ad8\u7684\u73e0\u5b9d[60]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

    \n
    \"\"\/
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
    \n

    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u6e44\u5357\u6cb3\u548c\u66fc\u8c37\u6587\u534e\u4e1c\u65b9\u9152\u5e97<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aPreecha.MJ<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    8. \u6587\u5316 | Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n
    \n
    \"\"\/
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
    \n

    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aTemporary art display at Siam Discovery<\/a> during the Bangkok Art Biennale<\/a> 2018
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a2018 \u5e74\u66fc\u8c37\u827a\u672f\u53cc\u5e74\u5c55\u671f\u95f4\u66b9\u7f57\u63a2\u7d22\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u827a\u672f\u5c55\u89c8<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a    Chainwit.<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u6587\u5316\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u8fdb\u5165\u95e8\u6237\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5176\u5c45\u6c11\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u91c7\u7528\u5e76\u4e0e\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u76f8\u878d\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\u7684\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u70ab\u8000\u6027\u6d88\u8d39<\/a>\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u8d2d\u7269\u4e2d\u5fc3\u662f\u5e02\u6c11\u5468\u672b\u7684\u70ed\u95e8\u53bb\u5904\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u624b\u673a\u7b49\u7535\u5b50\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u3002\u8fd9\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b97\u6559\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5df2\u7ecf\u76f8\u5f53\u51cf\u5f31\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d8b\u52bf\u5df2\u7ecf\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u519c\u6751\uff0c\u4f46\u66fc\u8c37\u4ecd\u7136\u5904\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u7684\u7279\u8272\u5c31\u662f\u968f\u5904\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u8857\u5934\u5c0f\u8d29<\/a>\u4f1a\u51fa\u552e\u4ece\u98df\u54c1\u5230\u670d\u88c5\u548c\u914d\u9970\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5546\u54c1\u3002\u636e\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u66fc\u5404\u4e00\u5171\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7\u5341\u4e07\u540d\u5c0f\u8d29\u3002\u867d\u7136BMA\u5df2\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u5728287\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u7684407\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5c0f\u8d29\u6d3b\u52a8\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u5c0f\u8d29\u7ecf\u5e38\u5360\u7528\u4e86\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u884c\u4eba\u9053\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e76\u963b\u585e\u884c\u4eba\u4ea4\u901a\uff0c\u4f46\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5c45\u6c11\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u8d29\u6765\u5403\u996d\uff0c\u800cBMA\u63a7\u5236\u5c0f\u8d29\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u57282015\u5e74\uff0cBMA\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5e73\u4e0e\u79e9\u5e8f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08\u6cf0\u56fd\u6267\u653f\u7684\u519b\u653f\u5e9c\uff09\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u6253\u51fb\u8857\u5934\u5c0f\u8d29\u4ee5\u6536\u56de\u516c\u5171\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u793e\u533a\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u7edf\u53bf<\/a>\u3001\u8428\u6f58\u83b1\u514b\u548c\u5df4\u7a7a\u5854\u62c9\u7279\u7684\u82b1\u5349\u5e02\u573a\u30022016\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd115,000\u540d\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u88ab\u8d76\u51fa39\u4e2a\u516c\u5171\u533a\u57df\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5bf9\u5173\u6ce8\u884c\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u8868\u793a\u8d5e\u8d4f\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8868\u793a\u62c5\u5fc3\u9ad8\u6863\u5316\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u57ce\u5e02\u7279\u8272\u7684\u4e27\u5931\u548c\u4eba\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4e0d\u5229\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    8.1 \u8282\u65e5\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8 | Festivals and events<\/h3>\n\n\n
    \n
    \"\"\/
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 3.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
    \n

    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u62c9\u5dee\u4e39\u4fac\u5927\u9053<\/a>\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u4f1a\u7528\u706f\u5149\u88c5\u9970\u5927\u9053\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e86\u795d\u6cf0\u56fd\u56fd\u738b<\/a>\u7684\u751f\u65e5<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aLerdsuwa<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u7ecf\u5e38\u5e86\u795d\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4f20\u7edf\u5e74\u5ea6\u8282\u65e5\u3002\u57284\u670813\u65e5\u81f315\u65e5\u7684\u6cfc\u6c34\u8282<\/a>\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u66fc\u8c37\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e3e\u884c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4eea\u5f0f\u548c\u6253\u6c34\u4ed7\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u6c34\u706f\u8282<\/a>\u901a\u5e38\u572811\u6708\u4e3e\u884c\uff0c\u65b0\u5e74\u5e86\u795d\u6d3b\u52a8\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u573a\u6240\u4e3e\u884c\uff0c\u6700\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e2d\u592e\u4e16\u754c\u5546\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/a>\u5e7f\u573a\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u4e0e\u738b\u5ba4\u6709\u5173\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e5f\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u66fc\u8c37\u4e3e\u884c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec10\u670823\u65e5\u7684\u62c9\u739b\u4e94\u4e16<\/a>\u9635\u4ea1\u5c06\u58eb\u7eaa\u5ff5\u65e5\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u524d\u5f80\u7687\u5bb6\u5e7f\u573a\u7684\u62c9\u739b\u4e94\u4e16\u9a6c\u672f\u96d5\u50cf\u524d\u732e\u4e0a\u82b1\u5708\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u548c\u738b\u540e\u7684\u751f\u65e5\u5206\u522b\u572812\u67085\u65e5\u548c8\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u7236\u4eb2\u8282\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6bcd\u4eb2\u8282\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5b9a\u5047\u65e5\u5728\u524d\u5915\u7531\u7687\u5ba4\u3001\u89c2\u4f17\u53cc\u65b9\u5171\u540c\u5e86\u795d\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u56fd\u738b\u6216\u738b\u540e\u53d1\u8868\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u5728\u7eaa\u5ff5\u65e5\u4e3e\u884c\u516c\u4f17\u96c6\u4f1a\u3002\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u751f\u65e5\u4e5f\u4ee5\u7687\u5bb6\u536b\u961f\u7684you2 xing2\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5e86\u795d\u5173\u4e8e\u519c\u5386\u65b0\u5e74<\/a>\uff081\u6708\u81f32\u6708\uff09\u548c\u7d20\u98df\u8282\uff089\u6708\u81f310\u6708\uff09\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u7687\u5bb6\u7530\u5e7f\u573a<\/a>\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u4e3e\u529e\u98ce\u7b5d\u3001\u4f53\u80b2\u548c\u97f3\u4e50\u8282\u7684\u4e3e\u529e\u5730\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u57283\u6708\u4e3e\u884c\uff0c\u7687\u5bb6\u8015\u5730\u4eea\u5f0f\u5219\u57285\u6708\u4e3e\u884c\u30024\u6708\u521d\u7684\u7ea2\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u5728Suan Amporn\u516c\u56ed\u548c\u7687\u5bb6\u5e7f\u573a\u4e3e\u884c\uff0c\u8bbe\u6709\u4f17\u591a\u644a\u4f4d\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u54c1\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u548c\u5c55\u54c1\u3002[61]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The Chinese New Year<\/a> (January\u2013February) and Vegetarian Festival<\/a> (September\u2013October) are celebrated widely by the Chinese community, especially in Yaowarat.[112]<\/a>
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e86\u795d\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b0\u5e74\uff08\u4e00\u6708\u81f3\u4e8c\u6708\uff09\u548c\u7d20\u658b\u8282\uff08\u4e5d\u6708\u81f3\u5341\u6708\uff09\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u57ce\uff08Yaowarat\uff09\u4e3e\u884c\u5e86\u795d\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2013\u5e74\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u88ab\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/a>\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u56fe\u4e66\u4e4b\u90fd<\/a>\u3002[62]<\/a> \u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u6cf0\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u540c\u5fd7\u9a84\u50b2<\/a>\u8282\u4e8e1999\u5e7410\u670831\u65e5\u4e3e\u884c[63]<\/a> \u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5b98\u65b9\u6e38\u884c\u5219\u4e8e 2022\u5e74\u9996\u5ea6\u4e3e\u884c\uff0c\u88ab\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e3a2022\u5e74\u66fc\u8c37\u201c12\u4e2a\u6708\u5ea6\u8282\u65e5\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002[64]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n

    \n
    \"\"\/
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY 2.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
    \n

    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u6e44\u5357\u6cb3\u548c\u633d\u53fb\u53bf<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aNik Cyclist<\/a> from Bangkok, Thailand – \u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee\u539f\u56fe\u94fe\u63a5<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    8.2 \u5a92\u4f53 | Media<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Bangkok is the centre of Thailand’s media industry<\/a>. All national newspapers, broadcast media and major publishers are based in the capital. Its 21 national newspapers had a combined daily circulation of about two million in 2002. These include the mass-oriented Thai Rath<\/a><\/em>, Khao Sod<\/a><\/em> and Daily News<\/a><\/em>, the first of which currently prints a million copies per day,[116]<\/a> as well as the less sensational Matichon<\/a><\/em> and Krungthep Thurakij<\/a><\/em>. The Bangkok Post<\/a><\/em> and The Nation<\/a><\/em> are the two national English language dailies. Foreign publications including The Asian Wall Street Journal<\/a><\/em>, Financial Times<\/a><\/em>, The Straits Times<\/a><\/em> and the Yomiuri Shimbun<\/a><\/em> also have operations in Bangkok.[117]<\/a> The large majority of Thailand’s more than 200 magazines are published in the capital, and include news magazines as well as lifestyle, entertainment, gossip and fashion-related publications.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u5a92\u4f53\u4e1a\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u6240\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u62a5\u7eb8\u3001\u5e7f\u64ad\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u4e3b\u8981\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u90fd\u8bbe\u5728\u9996\u90fd\u30022002\u5e74\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u768421\u5bb6\u56fd\u5bb6\u62a5\u7eb8\u6bcf\u5929\u7684\u603b\u53d1\u884c\u91cf\u7ea6\u4e3a200\u4e07\u4efd\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u9762\u5411\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u300a\u6cf0\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\uff08Thai Rath\uff09\u3001\u300aKhao Sod\u300b\u548c\u300a\u6bcf\u65e5\u65b0\u95fb\u300b\uff08Daily News\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u6cf0\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u76ee\u524d\u6bcf\u5929\u5370\u5237\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u4efd[116]\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8f83\u5c11\u8f70\u52a8\u7684\u300aMatichon\u300b\u548c\u300aKrungthep Thurakij\u300b\u3002\u300a\u66fc\u8c37\u90ae\u62a5\u300b\uff08Bangkok Post\uff09\u548c\u300a\u56fd\u5bb6\u62a5\u300b\uff08The Nation\uff09\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u4e24\u5bb6\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u65e5\u62a5\u3002\u5916\u56fd\u520a\u7269\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u4e9a\u6d32\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\uff08The Asian Wall Street Journal\uff09\u3001\u300a\u91d1\u878d\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\uff08Financial Times\uff09\u3001\u300a\u6d77\u5ce1\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\uff08The Straits Times\uff09\u548c\u300a\u8bfb\u5356\u65b0\u95fb\u300b\uff08Yomiuri Shimbun\uff09\u4e5f\u5728\u66fc\u8c37\u8bbe\u6709\u4e1a\u52a1[117]\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd200\u591a\u79cd\u6742\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5728\u9996\u90fd\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u5e76\u5305\u62ec\u65b0\u95fb\u6742\u5fd7\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u5a31\u4e50\u3001\u516b\u5366\u548c\u65f6\u5c1a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bangkok is also the hub of Thailand’s broadcast television<\/a>. All six national terrestrial channels, Channels 3<\/a>, 5<\/a> and 7<\/a>, Modernine<\/a>, NBT<\/a> and Thai PBS<\/a>, have headquarters and main studios in the capital. GMM Grammy<\/a> is Thailand’s largest mass-media conglomerate is also headquartered in Bangkok as well. With the exception of local news segments broadcast by the NBT, all programming is done in Bangkok and repeated throughout the provinces. However, this centralised model is weakening with the rise of cable television, which has many local providers. There are numerous cable and satellite channels based in Bangkok<\/a>. TrueVisions<\/a> is the major subscription television provider in Bangkok and Thailand, and it also carries international programming. Bangkok was home to 40 of Thailand’s 311 FM radio stations and 38 of its 212 AM stations in 2002.[117]<\/a> Broadcast media reform stipulated by the 1997 constitution<\/a> has been progressing slowly, although many community radio stations have emerged in the city.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u4e5f\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u5e7f\u64ad\u7535\u89c6\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u516d\u4e2a\u5168\u56fd\u5730\u9762\u9891\u9053\uff0c3\u53f0\u30015\u53f0\u548c7\u53f0\u3001Modernine\u3001NBT\u548c\u6cf0\u56fd\u516c\u5171\u7535\u89c6\u53f0\uff08Thai PBS\uff09\u7684\u603b\u90e8\u548c\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4\u90fd\u8bbe\u5728\u66fc\u8c37\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5927\u4f17\u5a92\u4f53\u96c6\u56e2GMM Grammy\u603b\u90e8\u4e5f\u8bbe\u5728\u66fc\u8c37\u3002\u9664\u4e86NBT\u64ad\u653e\u7684\u5f53\u5730\u65b0\u95fb\u7247\u6bb5\u5916\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8282\u76ee\u90fd\u5728\u66fc\u8c37\u5236\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u91cd\u64ad\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6709\u7ebf\u7535\u89c6\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u96c6\u4e2d\u6a21\u5f0f\u6b63\u5728\u524a\u5f31\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u7ebf\u7535\u89c6\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u6709\u4f17\u591a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6709\u7ebf\u548c\u536b\u661f\u7684\u9891\u9053\u3002TrueVisions\u662f\u66fc\u8c37\u548c\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4ed8\u8d39\u7535\u89c6\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\uff0c\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u56fd\u9645\u8282\u76ee\u30022002\u5e74\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u62e5\u6709\u6cf0\u56fd311\u4e2a\u8c03\u9891\u5e7f\u64ad\u7535\u53f0\u4e2d\u768440\u4e2a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176212\u4e2a\u8c03\u5e45\u5e7f\u64ad\u7535\u53f0\u4e2d\u768438\u4e2a[117]\u30021997\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5e7f\u64ad\u5a92\u4f53\u6539\u9769\u8fdb\u5c55\u7f13\u6162\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8bb8\u591a\u793e\u533a\u5e7f\u64ad\u7535\u53f0\u5728\u8be5\u5e02\u5174\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"\/
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY 2.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \n

    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u6e44\u5357\u6cb3\u548c\u56db\u5b63\u6cb3\u5cb8\u516c\u5bd3<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aNinara<\/a> from Helsinki, Finland – \u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee\u539f\u56fe\u94fe\u63a5<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    Likewise, Bangkok has dominated the Thai film industry<\/a> since its inception. Although film settings normally feature locations throughout the country, the city is home to all major film studios in Thailand such as GDH 559<\/a> (GMM Grammy’s film production subsidiary), Sahamongkol Film International<\/a> and Five Star Production<\/a>. Bangkok has dozens of cinemas and multiplexes<\/a>, and the city hosts two major film festivals annually, the Bangkok International Film Festival<\/a> and the World Film Festival of Bangkok<\/a>.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u81ea\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u4e00\u76f4\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7740\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u4ea7\u4e1a\u3002\u867d\u7136\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u573a\u666f\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u7684\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u66fc\u8c37\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u8981\u7535\u5f71\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4\u7684\u6240\u5728\u5730\uff0c\u5982GMM Grammy\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u5b50\u516c\u53f8GDH 559\u3001Sahamongkol Film International\u548cFive Star Production\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u6709\u6570\u5341\u5bb6\u7535\u5f71\u9662\u548c\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u5f71\u9662\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e3e\u529e\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u8282\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u66fc\u8c37\u56fd\u9645\u7535\u5f71\u8282\u548c\u66fc\u8c37\u4e16\u754c\u7535\u5f71\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    8.3 \u827a\u672f | Art<\/h3>\n\n\n
    \n
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    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
    \n

    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aThe Bangkok Art and Culture Centre<\/a>, the city’s major public contemporary art venue, was opened in 2008 after many delays.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u827a\u672f\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5fc3\u662f\u8be5\u5e02\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5f53\u4ee3\u827a\u672f\u573a\u9986\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u6b21\u63a8\u8fdf\u540e\u4e8e 2008 \u5e74\u5f00\u4e1a\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a    Supanut Arunoprayote<\/a><\/strong><\/em>.<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    Traditional Thai art<\/a>, long developed within religious and royal contexts, continues to be sponsored by various government agencies in Bangkok, including the Department of Fine Arts<\/a>‘ Office of Traditional Arts. The SUPPORT Foundation in Chitralada Palace sponsors traditional and folk handicrafts. Various communities throughout the city still practice their traditional crafts, including the production of khon<\/a><\/em> masks, alms bowls, and classical musical instruments. The National Gallery<\/a> hosts permanent collection of traditional and modern art, with temporary contemporary exhibits. Bangkok’s contemporary art<\/a> scene has slowly grown from relative obscurity into the public sphere over the past two decades. Private galleries gradually emerged to provide exposure for new artists, including the Patravadi Theatre<\/a> and H Gallery<\/a>. The centrally located Bangkok Art and Culture Centre<\/a>, opened in 2008 following a fifteen-year lobbying campaign, is now the largest public exhibition space in the city.[118]<\/a> There are also many other art galleries and museums<\/a>, including the privately owned Museum of Contemporary Art<\/a>.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4f20\u7edf\u6cf0\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u7687\u5bb6\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u7531\u66fc\u8c37\u5404\u4e2a\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u8d5e\u52a9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u672f\u90e8\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u827a\u672f\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u3002\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5409\u7279\u62c9\u62c9\u8fbe\u5bab\u7684SUPPORT\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u8d5e\u52a9\u4f20\u7edf\u548c\u6c11\u95f4\u624b\u5de5\u827a\u54c1\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u793e\u533a\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u7559\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u5de5\u827a\uff0c\u5305\u62eckhon\u9762\u5177\u3001\u65bd\u820d\u7897\u548c\u53e4\u5178\u4e50\u5668\u7684\u5236\u4f5c\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u7f8e\u672f\u9986\u62e5\u6709\u4f20\u7edf\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u827a\u672f\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u6536\u85cf\uff0c\u8fd8\u5b9a\u671f\u5c55\u51fa\u5f53\u4ee3\u827a\u672f\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u827a\u672f\u573a\u666f\u4ece\u76f8\u5bf9\u9ed8\u9ed8\u65e0\u95fb\u9010\u6e10\u8d70\u5411\u516c\u4f17\u89c6\u91ce\u3002\u79c1\u4eba\u753b\u5eca\u9010\u6e10\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u4e3a\u65b0\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u673a\u4f1a\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ecPatravadi\u5267\u9662\u548cH\u753b\u5eca\u3002\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u66fc\u8c37\u827a\u672f\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e8e2008\u5e74\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc715\u5e74\u7684\u6e38\u8bf4\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u8be5\u5e02\u6700\u5927\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5c55\u89c8\u7a7a\u95f4[118]\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u827a\u672f\u753b\u5eca\u548c\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u79c1\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u827a\u672f\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The city’s performing arts scene features traditional theatre and dance as well as Western-style plays. Khon<\/em> and other traditional dances are regularly performed at the National Theatre<\/a> and Salachalermkrung Royal Theatre<\/a>, while the Thailand Cultural Centre<\/a> is a newer multi-purpose venue which also hosts musicals, orchestras and other events. Numerous venues<\/a> regularly feature a variety of performances throughout the city.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u8868\u6f14\u827a\u672f\u573a\u666f\u5305\u62ec\u4f20\u7edf\u620f\u5267\u548c\u821e\u8e48\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u897f\u5f0f\u8bdd\u5267\u3002Khon\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4f20\u7edf\u821e\u8e48\u5b9a\u671f\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u5267\u9662\u548cSalachalermkrung\u7687\u5bb6\u5267\u9662\u4e0a\u6f14\uff0c\u800c\u6cf0\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5fc3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u65b0\u7684\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3e\u529e\u97f3\u4e50\u5267\u3001\u7ba1\u5f26\u4e50\u56e2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u573a\u9986\u5b9a\u671f\u4e3e\u529e\u5404\u79cd\u6f14\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    9. \u4f53\u80b2 | Sport<\/h2>\n\n\n
    \n
    \"\"\/
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY 2.5\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
    \n

    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aRajamangala Stadium<\/a> was built for the 1998 Asian Games<\/a> and Thailand national football team<\/a> home stadium.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u62c9\u52a0\u66fc\u52a0\u62c9\u4f53\u80b2\u573a\u662f\u4e3a1998\u5e74\u4e9a\u8fd0\u4f1a\u548c\u6cf0\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u8db3\u7403\u961f\u7684\u4e3b\u573a\u800c\u5efa\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aChristian Bellgardt<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    As is the national trend, association football<\/a> and Muay Thai<\/a> dominate Bangkok’s spectator sport scene.[119]<\/a> Muangthong United<\/a>, Bangkok United<\/a>, BG Pathum United<\/a>, Port<\/a> and Police Tero<\/a> are major Thai League<\/a> clubs based in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region,[120]<\/a>[121]<\/a> while the Rajadamnern<\/a> and Lumpini<\/a> stadiums are the main kickboxing venues.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e0e\u5168\u56fd\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8db3\u7403\u548c\u6cf0\u62f3\u5728\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u89c2\u8d5b\u4f53\u80b2\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002Muangthong United\u3001Bangkok United\u3001BG Pathum United\u3001Port\u548cPolice Tero\u662f\u603b\u90e8\u4f4d\u4e8e\u66fc\u8c37\u90fd\u4f1a\u533a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6cf0\u56fd\u804c\u4e1a\u8054\u8d5b\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\uff0c\u800c\u62c9\u8d3e\u8fbe\u66fc\u6069\u548c\u9686\u5e73\u5c3c\u4f53\u80b2\u573a\u5219\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6cf0\u62f3\u6bd4\u8d5b\u573a\u9986\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    While sepak takraw<\/a> can be seen played in open spaces throughout the city, football and other modern sports are now the norm. Western sports introduced during the reign of King Chulalongkorn<\/a> were originally only available to the privileged, and such status is still associated with certain sports. Golf is popular among the upwardly mobile, and there are several courses in Bangkok. Horse racing<\/a>, highly popular at the mid-20th century, still takes place at the Royal Bangkok Sports Club<\/a>.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5728\u66fc\u8c37\u5404\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4eba\u4eec\u6253\u8e22\u8e0f\u7403\uff0c\u4f46\u8db3\u7403\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u73b0\u4ee3\u8fd0\u52a8\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5e38\u6001\u3002\u5728\u62c9\u739b\u4e94\u4e16\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\u5f15\u8fdb\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u4f53\u80b2\u8d77\u521d\u53ea\u5bf9\u7279\u6743\u9636\u5c42\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e9b\u4f53\u80b2\u9879\u76ee\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u3002\u9ad8\u5c14\u592b\u7403\u5728\u4e0a\u5347\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e2d\u5f88\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u5728\u66fc\u8c37\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5c14\u592b\u7403\u573a\u3002\u8d5b\u9a6c\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u975e\u5e38\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u5728\u7687\u5bb6\u66fc\u8c37\u4f53\u80b2\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u4e3e\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    There are many public sporting facilities located throughout Bangkok<\/a>. The two main centres are the National Stadium<\/a> complex, which dates to 1938, and the newer Hua Mak Sports Complex<\/a>, which was built for the 1998 Asian Games<\/a>. Bangkok had also hosted the games in 1966<\/a>, 1970<\/a> and 1978<\/a>; the most of any city. The city was the host of the inaugural Southeast Asian Games in 1959<\/a>, the 2007 Summer Universiade<\/a> and the 2012 FIFA Futsal World Cup<\/a>.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u516c\u5171\u4f53\u80b2\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u4e2d\u5fc3\u662f\u5efa\u4e8e1938\u5e74\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f53\u80b2\u573a\u7efc\u5408\u4f53\u548c\u4e3a1998\u5e74\u4e9a\u6d32\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f1a\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u534e\u739b\u514b\u4f53\u80b2\u7efc\u5408\u4f53\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u8fd8\u5206\u522b\u57281966\u5e74\u30011970\u5e74\u548c1978\u5e74\u4e3e\u529e\u4e86\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f1a\uff0c\u662f\u6240\u6709\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u4e3e\u529e\u6b21\u6570\u6700\u591a\u7684\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u8fd8\u662f1959\u5e74\u9996\u5c4a\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f1a\u30012007\u5e74\u590f\u5b63\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f1a\u548c2012\u5e74\u56fd\u9645\u8db3\u7403\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u4e94\u4eba\u5236\u4e16\u754c\u676f\u7684\u4e3b\u529e\u57ce\u5e02\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    10. \u4ea4\u901a | Transport<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Main article: Transport in Bangkok<\/a>\uff08\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u4ea4\u901a\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n

    \u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u63d0\u793a\uff1aThis section needs additional citations for verification<\/a><\/strong>. Please help improve this article<\/a> by adding citations to reliable sources<\/a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources:<\/em>“Bangkok”<\/a> \u2013 news<\/a>\u00b7<\/strong>newspapers<\/a>\u00b7<\/strong>books<\/a>\u00b7<\/strong>scholar<\/a>\u00b7<\/strong>JSTOR<\/a>(April 2021) (template removal help<\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u8bf7\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6dfb\u52a0\u53ef\u9760\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u6539\u8fdb\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u672a\u7ecf\u6765\u6e90\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7684\u6750\u6599\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u8d28\u7591\u548c\u5220\u9664\u3002\u5bfb\u627e\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u201c\u66fc\u8c37\u201d – \u65b0\u95fb\u00b7\u62a5\u7eb8\u00b7\u4e66\u7c4d\u00b7\u5b66\u8005\u00b7JSTOR\uff082021\u5e744\u6708\uff09\uff08\u6a21\u677f\u79fb\u9664\u5e2e\u52a9\uff09<\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n

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    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY 2.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aStreetlamps and headlights illuminate the Makkasan Interchange of the expressway<\/a>. The system sees a traffic of over 1.5 million vehicles per day.[122]<\/a>
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8def\u706f\u548c\u8f66\u5934\u706f\u7167\u4eae\u4e86\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u7684 Makkasan \u7acb\u4ea4\u6865\u3002 \u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u6bcf\u5929\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u6d41\u91cf\u8d85\u8fc7 150 \u4e07\u8f86\u3002[122]<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a    aotaro<\/a> from Yokohama, Japan – \u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee\u539f\u56fe\u94fe\u63a5<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    Although Bangkok’s canals historically served as a major mode of transport, they have long since been surpassed in importance by land traffic. Charoen Krung Road<\/a>, the first to be built by Western techniques, was completed in 1864. Since then, the road network has vastly expanded to accommodate the sprawling city. A complex elevated expressway network<\/a> and Don Mueang Tollway<\/a> helps bring traffic into and out of the city centre, but Bangkok’s rapid growth has put a large strain on infrastructure, and traffic jams have plagued the city since the 1990s. Although rail transport was introduced in 1893 and trams served the city<\/a> from 1888 to 1968, it was only in 1999 that Bangkok’s first rapid transit<\/a> system began operation. Older public transport<\/a> systems include an extensive bus network and boat services<\/a> which still operate on the Chao Phraya and two canals. Taxis appear in the form of cars, motorcycles, and “tuk-tuk<\/a><\/em>” auto rickshaws.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u8fd0\u6cb3\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u66fe\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u9646\u5730\u4ea4\u901a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u7531\u897f\u65b9\u6280\u672f\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u9053\u8def\u2014\u2014Charoen Krung Road\u57281864\u5e74\u7ae3\u5de5\u3002\u81ea\u90a3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u9053\u8def\u7f51\u7edc\u5df2\u7ecf\u5927\u5927\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u8fd9\u5ea7\u5e9e\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9ad8\u67b6\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u4e1c\u95e8\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u5e2e\u52a9\u5c06\u4ea4\u901a\u5f15\u5165\u548c\u79bb\u5f00\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f46\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u957f\u5bf9\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4ea4\u901a\u62e5\u5835\u95ee\u9898\u81ea20\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u56f0\u6270\u7740\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u867d\u7136\u94c1\u8def\u4ea4\u901a\u59cb\u4e8e1893\u5e74\uff0c\u7535\u8f66\u4e8e1888\u5e74\u81f31968\u5e74\u95f4\u4e3a\u57ce\u5e02\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u76f4\u52301999\u5e74\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5feb\u901f\u4ea4\u901a\u7cfb\u7edf\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u8425\u3002\u8f83\u65e7\u7684\u516c\u5171\u4ea4\u901a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5305\u62ec\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5df4\u58eb\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u6e44\u5357\u6cb3\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fd0\u6cb3\u4e0a\u8fd0\u8425\u7684\u8239\u8236\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u51fa\u79df\u8f66\u4ee5\u6c7d\u8f66\u3001\u6469\u6258\u8f66\u548c\u201c\u561f\u561f\u8f66\u201d\u4e09\u8f6e\u6469\u6258\u8f66\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bangkok is connected to the rest of the country through the national highway<\/a> and rail networks<\/a>, as well as by domestic flights to and from the city’s two international airports (Suvarnabhumi<\/a> and Don Mueang<\/a>). Its centuries-old maritime transport of goods is still conducted through Khlong Toei Port.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u8def\u548c\u94c1\u8def\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u5168\u56fd\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u5f80\u8fd4\u4e8e\u8be5\u5e02\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u573a\uff08\u7d20\u4e07\u90a3\u666e\u548c\u5eca\u66fc\uff09\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u822a\u73ed\u4e5f\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u6570\u767e\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u6d77\u4e0a\u8d27\u7269\u8fd0\u8f93\u4ecd\u901a\u8fc7\u66fc\u8c37\u6e2f\uff08Khlong Toei Port\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The BMA is largely responsible for overseeing the construction and maintenance of the road network and transport systems through its Public Works Department and Traffic and Transportation Department. However, many separate government agencies are also in charge of the individual systems, and much of transport-related policy planning and funding is contributed to by the national government.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u90fd\u5e02\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\uff08BMA\uff09\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u516c\u5171\u5de5\u7a0b\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u4ea4\u901a\u8fd0\u8f93\u90e8\u95e8\u76d1\u7763\u9053\u8def\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u4ea4\u901a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u4e5f\u8d1f\u8d23\u5404\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4ea4\u901a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u8d44\u91d1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    10.1 \u9053\u8def | Roads<\/h3>\n\n\n
    \n
    \"\"\/
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
    \n

    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aTraffic jams, seen here on Sukhumvit Road<\/a>, are common in Bangkok.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7d20\u5764\u9038\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u5835\u585e\u5728\u66fc\u8c37\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a    Chainwit.<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \u66fc\u8c37\u7531\u4e8e\u9053\u8def\u5bb9\u91cf\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e94\u4ed8\u6c7d\u8f66<\/a>\u6210\u957f\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ea4\u901a\u5835\u585e<\/a>\u5341\u5206\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u7ed5\u884c\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u73af\u9053<\/a>\u65e9\u5df2\u5efa\u6210\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u80fd\u8282\u7701\u9a7e\u8f66\u8005\u4e0d\u5c11\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4f46\u9664\u975e\u534a\u591c\u4e09\u66f4\u5f00\u8f66\u4e0a\u73af\u9053\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4ecd\u96be\u4ee5\u8eb2\u907f\u8f66\u6d41\u7684\u9ad8\u5cf0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Road-based transport is the primary mode of travel in Bangkok. Due to the city’s organic development, its streets do not follow an organized grid structure. Forty-eight major roads link the different areas of the city, branching into smaller streets and lanes (soi<\/a><\/em>) which serve local neighbourhoods. Eleven bridges<\/a> over the Chao Phraya link the two sides of the city, while several expressway<\/a> and motorway<\/a> routes bring traffic into and out of the city centre and link with nearby provinces. The first expressway in Bangkok is Chaloem Maha Nakhon Expressway<\/a>, which opened 1981.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u51fa\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u9053\u8def\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6709\u673a\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5176\u8857\u9053\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u9075\u5faa\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7f51\u683c\u7ed3\u6784\u300248\u6761\u4e3b\u8981\u9053\u8def\u8fde\u63a5\u7740\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u652f\u51fa\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u8857\u9053\u548c\u5df7\u9053\uff08soi\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u5f53\u5730\u793e\u533a\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u6e44\u5357\u6cb3\u4e0a\u670911\u5ea7\u6865\u6881\u8fde\u63a5\u7740\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u4e24\u5cb8\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u6709\u51e0\u6761\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u8def\u7ebf\u5c06\u4ea4\u901a\u5f15\u5165\u548c\u79bb\u5f00\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u7701\u4efd\u76f8\u8fde\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u662f\u67e5\u6d1b\u59c6\u00b7\u9a6c\u54c8\u7eb3\u7a7a\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\uff08Chaloem Maha Nakhon Expressway\uff09\uff0c\u4e8e1981\u5e74\u5f00\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

    \n
    \"\"\/
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
    \n

    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u66b9\u7f57\u5929\u5730\u7684\u53cc\u5854<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aChainwit.<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    Bangkok’s rapid growth in the 1980s resulted in sharp increases in vehicle ownership and traffic demand, which have since continued\u2014in 2006 there were 3,943,211 in-use vehicles in Bangkok, of which 37.6 per cent were private cars and 32.9 per cent were motorcycles.[123]<\/a> These increases, in the face of limited carrying capacity, caused severe traffic congestion evident by the early 1990s. The extent of the problem is such that the Thai Traffic Police has a unit of officers trained in basic midwifery in order to assist deliveries which do not reach hospital in time.[124]<\/a> While Bangkok’s limited road surface area (8 per cent, compared to 20\u201330 per cent in most Western cities) is often cited as a major cause of its traffic jams, other factors, including high vehicle ownership rate relative to income level, inadequate public transport systems, and lack of transportation demand management<\/a>, also play a role.[125]<\/a> Efforts to alleviate the problem have included the construction of intersection bypasses and an extensive system of elevated highways, as well as the creation of several new rapid transit systems. The city’s overall traffic conditions, however, remain poor.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u957f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u8f66\u8f86\u62e5\u6709\u91cf\u548c\u4ea4\u901a\u9700\u6c42\u5927\u5e45\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u589e\u957f\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u30022006\u5e74\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u67093,943,211\u8f86\u5728\u7528\u8f66\u8f86\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d37.6%\u4e3a\u79c1\u5bb6\u8f66\uff0c32.9%\u4e3a\u6469\u6258\u8f66\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u627f\u8f7d\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u589e\u52a0\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u62e5\u5835\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u65e9\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u5c31\u5df2\u663e\u73b0\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u6cf0\u56fd\u4ea4\u901a\u8b66\u5bdf\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u4e00\u652f\u4e13\u95e8\u63a5\u53d7\u57fa\u672c\u52a9\u4ea7\u672f\u57f9\u8bad\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e0\u6cd5\u53ca\u65f6\u5230\u8fbe\u533b\u9662\u7684\u5206\u5a29\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u9053\u8def\u9762\u79ef\u6709\u9650\uff08\u4ec5\u5360\u6574\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u9762\u79ef\u76848%\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u897f\u65b9\u57ce\u5e02\u4e3a20-30%\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4ea4\u901a\u5835\u585e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u7d20\u4e5f\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u76f8\u5bf9\u6536\u5165\u6c34\u5e73\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u8f66\u8f86\u62e5\u6709\u7387\u3001\u4e0d\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u516c\u5171\u4ea4\u901a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4ea4\u901a\u9700\u6c42\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u4e3a\u7f13\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5efa\u8bbe\u4ea4\u53c9\u8def\u53e3\u7ed5\u884c\u9053\u548c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u9ad8\u67b6\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u4ea4\u901a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8be5\u5e02\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u4ea4\u901a\u72b6\u51b5\u4ecd\u7136\u8f83\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

    \n
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    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u5927\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u53a6<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aChainwit.<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    Traffic has been the main source of air pollution<\/a> in Bangkok, which reached serious levels in the 1990s. But efforts to improve air quality by improving fuel quality and enforcing emission standards, among others, had visibly ameliorated the problem by the 2000s. Atmospheric particulate matter<\/a> levels dropped from 81 micrograms per cubic metre in 1997 to 43 in 2007.[126]<\/a> However, increasing vehicle numbers and a lack of continued pollution-control efforts threatens a reversal of the past success.[127]<\/a> In January\u2013February 2018, weather conditions caused bouts of haze to cover the city, with particulate matter under 2.5 micrometres (PM2.5) rising to unhealthy levels for several days on end.[128]<\/a>[129]<\/a>
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4ea4\u901a\u662f\u66fc\u8c37\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u5584\u71c3\u6599\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u6267\u884c\u6392\u653e\u6807\u51c6\u7b49\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u6539\u5584\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u57282000\u5e74\u4ee3\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002\u5927\u6c14\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u6c34\u5e73\u4ece1997\u5e74\u7684\u6bcf\u7acb\u65b9\u7c7381\u5fae\u514b\u4e0b\u964d\u52302007\u5e74\u768443\u5fae\u514b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u8f66\u8f86\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u63a7\u5236\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f7f\u8fc7\u53bb\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6210\u529f\u9762\u4e34\u9006\u8f6c\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u30022018\u5e741\u6708\u81f32\u6708\uff0c\u5929\u6c14\u6761\u4ef6\u5bfc\u81f4\u96fe\u973e\u7b3c\u7f69\u4e86\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c2.5\u5fae\u7c73\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u9897\u7c92\u7269\uff08PM2.5\uff09\u8fde\u7eed\u591a\u5929\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u4e0d\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 3.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u5f69\u8679\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7b2c\u4e8c\u671f<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aGerold Kogler<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    Although the BMA has created thirty signed bicycle routes along several roads totalling 230 kilometres (140 mi),[130]<\/a> cycling is still largely impractical, especially in the city centre. Most of these bicycle lanes share the pavement with pedestrians. Poor surface maintenance, encroachment by hawkers and street vendors, and a hostile environment for cyclists and pedestrians, make cycling and walking unpopular methods of getting around in Bangkok.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u5927\u90fd\u4f1a\u533a\uff08BMA\uff09\u5728\u51e0\u6761\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u5171\u521b\u9020\u4e8630\u6761\u6807\u5fd7\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u81ea\u884c\u8f66\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u603b\u957f230\u516c\u91cc\uff08140\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u66fc\u8c37\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u9a91\u81ea\u884c\u8f66\u4ecd\u7136\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5b9e\u9645\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u81ea\u884c\u8f66\u9053\u4e0e\u4eba\u884c\u9053\u5171\u7528\u3002\u8def\u9762\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e0d\u826f\u3001\u5c0f\u8d29\u548c\u8857\u5934\u644a\u8d29\u7684\u4fb5\u5360\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u9a91\u8f66\u8005\u548c\u884c\u4eba\u7684\u4e0d\u53cb\u597d\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u9a91\u81ea\u884c\u8f66\u548c\u6b65\u884c\u6210\u4e3a\u5728\u66fc\u8c37\u51fa\u884c\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    10.2 \u516c\u4ea4\u8f66\u548c\u51fa\u79df\u8f66 | Buses and taxis<\/h3>\n\n\n
    \n
    \"\"\/
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 3.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
    \n

    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aMany buses, minibuses and taxis share the streets with private vehicles at Victory Monument<\/a>, a major public transport hub.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5728\u4e3b\u8981\u516c\u5171\u4ea4\u901a\u67a2\u7ebd\u80dc\u5229\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5df4\u58eb\u3001\u5c0f\u5df4\u548c\u51fa\u79df\u8f66\u4e0e\u79c1\u5bb6\u8f66\u5171\u7528\u8857\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a    Ilya Plekhanov<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    Bangkok has an extensive bus network providing local transit services within the Greater Bangkok area. The Bangkok Mass Transit Authority<\/a> (BMTA) operates a monopoly on bus services, with substantial concessions granted to private operators. Buses, minibus vans, and song thaeo<\/a> operate on a total of 470 routes throughout the region.[131]<\/a> A separate bus rapid transit<\/a> system owned by the BMA has been in operation since 2010. Known simply as the BRT<\/a>, the system currently consists of a single line running from the business district at Sathon to Ratchaphruek on the western side of the city. The Transport Co., Ltd.<\/a> is the BMTA’s long-distance counterpart, with services to all provinces operating out of Bangkok.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u516c\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4e3a\u5927\u66fc\u8c37\u5730\u533a\u63d0\u4f9b\u672c\u5730\u4ea4\u901a\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u5927\u4f17\u8fd0\u8f93\u5c40\uff08BMTA\uff09\u5784\u65ad\u4e86\u516c\u4ea4\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6388\u4e88\u79c1\u8425\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u5927\u91cf\u7279\u8bb8\u7ecf\u8425\u6743\u3002\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u6709470\u6761\u516c\u4ea4\u7ebf\u8def\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u516c\u4ea4\u8f66\u3001\u5c0f\u5df4\u548cSong Thaeo\uff08\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u62fc\u8f66\u51fa\u79df\u8f66\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\uff09[131]\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u5feb\u901f\u516c\u4ea4\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08BRT\uff09\u81ea2010\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u8425\u3002\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u76ee\u524d\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u6761\u7ebf\u8def\uff0c\u4ece\u8428\u901a\u5546\u4e1a\u533a\u901a\u5f80\u57ce\u5e02\u897f\u90e8\u7684Ratchaphruek\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u4ea4\u901a\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u662fBMTA\u7684\u957f\u9014\u8fd0\u8425\u5bf9\u5e94\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u8fd0\u8425\u5f80\u6765\u66fc\u8c37\u548c\u5404\u4e2a\u7701\u4efd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Taxis are ubiquitous in Bangkok, and are a popular form of transport. As of August 2012, there are 106,050 cars, 58,276 motorcycles and 8,996 tuk-tuk<\/a> motorized tricycles cumulatively registered for use as taxis.[132]<\/a> Meters have been required for car taxis since 1992, while tuk-tuk fares are usually negotiated. Motorcycle taxis<\/a> operate from regulated ranks, with either fixed or negotiable fares, and are usually employed for relatively short journeys.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5728\u66fc\u8c37\uff0c\u51fa\u79df\u8f66\u662f\u968f\u5904\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u622a\u81f32012\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u5171\u6709106,050\u8f86\u6c7d\u8f66\u300158,276\u8f86\u6469\u6258\u8f66\u548c8,996\u8f86\u561f\u561f\u8f66\uff08\u4e00\u79cd\u4e09\u8f6e\u7535\u52a8\u8f66\uff09\u6ce8\u518c\u7528\u4e8e\u51fa\u79df\u8f66\u670d\u52a1[132]\u3002\u81ea1992\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u6c7d\u8f66\u51fa\u79df\u8f66\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u4ef7\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u561f\u561f\u8f66\u7684\u8f66\u8d39\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5546\u8bae\u7684\u3002\u6469\u6258\u8f66\u51fa\u79df\u8f66\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7ad9\u70b9\u8fd0\u8425\uff0c\u8f66\u8d39\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u6216\u5546\u8bae\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u884c\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Despite their popularity, taxis have gained a bad reputation for often refusing passengers when the requested route is not to the driver’s convenience.[133]<\/a> Motorcycle taxis were previously unregulated, and subject to extortion by organized crime gangs. Since 2003, registration has been required for motorcycle taxi ranks, and drivers now wear distinctive numbered vests designating their district of registration and where they are allowed to accept passengers.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u51fa\u79df\u8f66\u5f88\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u4e58\u5ba2\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\u4e0d\u65b9\u4fbf\u65f6\u62d2\u8f7d\u800c\u58f0\u8a89\u4e0d\u4f73[133]\u3002\u6469\u6258\u8f66\u51fa\u79df\u8f66\u4ee5\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u76d1\u7ba1\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u72af\u7f6a\u56e2\u4f19\u7684\u52d2\u7d22\u3002\u81ea2003\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6469\u6258\u8f66\u51fa\u79df\u8f66\u7ad9\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\u8981\u6c42\u6ce8\u518c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53f8\u673a\u73b0\u5728\u4f1a\u7a7f\u7740\u5e26\u6709\u7f16\u53f7\u7684\u80cc\u5fc3\uff0c\u6807\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\u533a\u57df\u548c\u5141\u8bb8\u63a5\u8f7d\u4e58\u5ba2\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Several ride hailing<\/a> super-apps<\/a> operate within the city, including Grab<\/a> (offering car and motorbike options),[134]<\/a> and AirAsia<\/a> in 2022.[135]<\/a>[136]<\/a> The Estonian company Bolt launched airport transfer and ride hailing services in 2020. Ride sharing startup<\/a> MuvMi launched in 2018, and operates an electric<\/a> tuk-tuk service in 9 areas across the city.[137]<\/a>[138]<\/a>
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u5e02\u5185\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u8d85\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63d0\u4f9b\u6253\u8f66\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5305\u62ecGrab\uff08\u63d0\u4f9b\u6c7d\u8f66\u548c\u6469\u6258\u8f66\u9009\u9879\uff09[134]\u4ee5\u53ca2022\u5e74\u8fdb\u5165\u5e02\u573a\u7684AirAsia [135][136]\u3002\u7231\u6c99\u5c3c\u4e9a\u516c\u53f8Bolt\u4e8e2020\u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u673a\u573a\u63a5\u9001\u548c\u6253\u8f66\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u4e8e2018\u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\u7684\u62fc\u8f66\u521b\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8MuvMi\u5728\u66fc\u8c37\u5e02\u5185\u76849\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7535\u52a8\u561f\u561f\u8f66\u670d\u52a1[137][138]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    10.3 \u8f68\u9053\u4ea4\u901a | Rail systems<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Main article: Rail transport in Bangkok<\/a>\uff08\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u8f68\u9053\u4ea4\u901a\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

    \n
    \"\"\/
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY2.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
    \n

    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aA BTS train departs from Ratchadamri station<\/a>, towards Siam station.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1aBTS \u5217\u8f66\u4ece Ratchadamri \u7ad9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u524d\u5f80 Siam \u7ad9\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a    Fabio Achilli<\/a> from Milano, Italy<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    10.3.1 \u57ce\u9645\u94c1\u8def<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \n

    \u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n

    \n
    \"\"\/
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
    \n

    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u7ad9<\/a>\uff08\u53c8\u79f0\u534e\u5583\u5cf0\u8f66\u7ad9\uff09\u591c\u666f<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aPreecha.MJ<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    Bangkok is the location of Krung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal<\/a>, the new main terminus of the national rail network operated by the State Railway of Thailand<\/a> (SRT). The older terminus, Bangkok (Hua Lamphong) Railway Station<\/a>, which was the main station for Bangkok for over a century, remains in use. The SRT operates long-distance intercity services from Krung Thep Aphiwat, while commuter trains running to and from the outskirts of the city during the rush hour continue to operate at Bangkok (Hua Lamphong).
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u94c1\u8def\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u65b0\u603b\u7ad9\uff0c\u540d\u4e3aKrung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal\uff0c\u7531\u6cf0\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u94c1\u8def\uff08SRT\uff09\u8fd0\u8425\u3002\u800c\u66fc\u8c37\uff08Hua Lamphong\uff09\u706b\u8f66\u7ad9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8f66\u7ad9\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u3002SRT\u4eceKrung Thep Aphiwat\u63d0\u4f9b\u957f\u9014\u57ce\u9645\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u901a\u52e4\u5217\u8f66\u5728\u9ad8\u5cf0\u65f6\u6bb5\u4ece\u5e02\u90ca\u5f80\u8fd4\u4e8e\u66fc\u8c37\uff08Hua Lamphong\uff09\u706b\u8f66\u7ad9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u66fc\u8c37\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u94c1\u8def<\/a>\u7684\u67a2\u7ebd\uff0c\u5317\u90e8\u672c\u7ebf<\/a>\u3001\u4e1c\u5317\u672c\u7ebf<\/a>\u3001\u5357\u90e8\u672c\u7ebf<\/a>\u3001\u4e1c\u90e8\u672c\u7ebf<\/a>\u5728\u6b64\u4ea4\u6c47\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u706b\u8f66\u7ad9\u662f\u66fc\u8c37\u7ad9<\/a>\u548c\u633d\u8d50\u7ad9<\/a>\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u4e58\u8f66\u81f3\u56fd\u5185\u5404\u5e9c\u3001\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a<\/a>\u3001\u8001\u631d<\/a>\u3001\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u76ee\u524d\u66fc\u8c37\u6b63\u5728\u5efa\u8bbe\u66fc\u8c37\u8fd1\u90ca\u94c1\u8def\u7cfb\u7edf<\/a>\uff0c\u7ebf\u8def\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u9ad8\u67b6\u94c1\u8def\uff0c\u6cbf\u65e2\u6709\u7ebf\u8def\u5e03\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u6697\u7ea2\u7ebf<\/a>\u3001\u6d45\u7ea2\u7ebf<\/a>\u7b49\u7ebf\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    10.3.2 \u66fc\u8c37\u96c6\u4f53\u8fd0\u8f93\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    \u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u5927\u4f17\u8fd0\u8f93\u7cfb\u7edf<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

    \n
    \"\"\/
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 3.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
    \n

    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u96c6\u4f53\u8fd0\u8f93\u7cfb\u7edf<\/a>\u7d20\u5764\u9038\u7ebf<\/a>\u5217\u8f66<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aIlya Plekhanov<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    Bangkok is served by four rapid transit systems: the BTS Skytrain<\/a>, the MRT<\/a>, the SRT Red Lines<\/a>, and the elevated Airport Rail Link<\/a>. Although proposals for the development of rapid transit in Bangkok had been made since 1975,[139]<\/a> it was only in 1999 that the BTS finally began operation.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u5feb\u901f\u4ea4\u901a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1aBTS Skytrain\uff0cMRT\uff0cSRT\u7ea2\u7ebf\u548c\u9ad8\u67b6\u673a\u573a\u94c1\u8def\u3002\u867d\u7136\u81ea1975\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u5c31\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u66fc\u8c37\u53d1\u5c55\u5feb\u901f\u4ea4\u901a\u7684\u63d0\u6848[139]\uff0c\u4f46\u76f4\u52301999\u5e74BTS\u624d\u6b63\u5f0f\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u8425\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u66fc\u8c37\u96c6\u4f53\u8fd0\u8f93\u7cfb\u7edf<\/a>\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3aBTS\uff0c\u662f\u66fc\u8c37\u5e02\u5185\u7684\u9ad8\u67b6\u94c1\u8def\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u662f\u9686\u7ebf<\/a>\u3001\u7d20\u5764\u9038\u7ebf<\/a>\u4e0e\u66fc\u8c37\u65c5\u5ba2\u6377\u8fd0\u91d1\u7ebf<\/a>\u4e09\u6761\u7ebf\u8def\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5e02\u533a\u4e3b\u8981\u5546\u4e1a\u8d2d\u7269\u5a31\u4e50\u533a\u3002\u8fd0\u8425\u65f6\u95f4\u81ea\u4e0a\u534806:00\u81f3\u665a\u95f412:00\u3002\u8f66\u7968\u8d3915\uff0d57\u6cf0\u94e2\u30021999\u5e7412\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u5f00\u901a\u4e86\u4e09\u6761\u7ea691\u5343\u7c73\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u7ebf\u8def\uff0c\u4e58\u5ba2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u66b9\u7f57\u8f66\u7ad9<\/a>\uff08Siam\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u4e24\u7ebf\u4e92\u76f8\u6362\u4e58\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u6c99\u62c9\u94c3\u8f66\u7ad9<\/a>\uff08Sala Daeng\uff09\uff0c\u83ab\u96c6\u8f66\u7ad9<\/a>\uff08Mo Chit\uff09\u53ca\u4e9a\u7d22\u8f66\u7ad9<\/a>\uff08Asok\uff09\uff0c\u4e58\u5ba2\u53ef\u4ee5\u6362\u4e58\u66fc\u8c37\u5730\u4e0b\u94c1\u8def<\/a>\u30022009\u5e745\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u5f00\u901a\u4e86\u662f\u9686\u7ebf\u5ef7\u7ebf\uff08\u90d1\u7687\u6865\uff0d\u5927\u7ba9\u5708\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The BTS consists of two lines, Sukhumvit<\/a> and Silom<\/a>, with 59 stations along 68.25 kilometres (42.41 mi).[140]<\/a> The MRT opened for use in July 2004, and currently consists of two lines, the Blue Line<\/a> and Purple Line<\/a> with 53 stations along 70.6 kilometres (43.9 mi). The Airport Rail Link, opened in August 2010, connects the city centre to Suvarnabhumi Airport to the east. Its eight stations span a distance of 28.6 kilometres (17.8 mi). The SRT Red Lines<\/a> (Commuter) opened in 2021, and consists of two lines, The SRT Dark Red Line<\/a> and SRT Light Red Line<\/a> with currently 14 stations along 41 kilometres (25 mi).
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1aBTS\u7531Sukhumvit\u7ebf\u548cSilom\u7ebf\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5171\u670959\u4e2a\u8f66\u7ad9\uff0c\u7ebf\u8def\u603b\u957f68.25\u516c\u91cc\uff0842.41\u82f1\u91cc\uff09[140]\u3002MRT\u4e8e2004\u5e747\u6708\u5f00\u901a\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5305\u62ec\u84dd\u7ebf\u548c\u7d2b\u7ebf\uff0c\u5171\u670953\u4e2a\u8f66\u7ad9\uff0c\u7ebf\u8def\u603b\u957f70.6\u516c\u91cc\uff0843.9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u3002\u673a\u573a\u94c1\u8def\u4e8e2010\u5e748\u6708\u5f00\u901a\uff0c\u5c06\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e0e\u7d20\u4e07\u90a3\u666e\u673a\u573a\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5171\u67098\u4e2a\u8f66\u7ad9\uff0c\u7ebf\u8def\u603b\u957f28.6\u516c\u91cc\uff0817.8\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u3002SRT\u7ea2\u7ebf\uff08\u901a\u52e4\uff09\u4e8e2021\u5e74\u5f00\u901a\uff0c\u5305\u62ecSRT\u6df1\u7ea2\u7ebf\u548cSRT\u6d45\u7ea2\u7ebf\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5171\u670914\u4e2a\u8f66\u7ad9\uff0c\u7ebf\u8def\u603b\u957f41\u516c\u91cc\uff0825\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    10.3.3 \u66fc\u8c37\u5730\u94c1<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    \u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u5730\u94c1<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"\/
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \n

    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u5730\u94c1\u7d2b\u7ebf<\/a>\u66fc\u672c\u7ad9<\/a>
    \u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a    MNXANL<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \u66fc\u8c37\u5730\u94c1\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3aMRT\uff0c\u662f\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u94c1\u8def\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u8bbe\u6709\u84dd\u7ebf<\/a>\u548c\u7d2b\u7ebf<\/a>\u4e24\u6761\u7ebf\u8def\u3002\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u5730\u94c1\uff08MRTA[65]<\/a>\uff09\u4e8e2004\u5e747\u6708\u542f\u7528\uff0c\u4ece\u57ce\u5e02\u5317\u7aef\u8fde\u5230\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5171\u8bbe\u670918\u4e2a\u8f66\u7ad9\u30021997\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53ca\u4e9a\u6d32\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a<\/a>\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u539f\u6765\u7531\u6765\u81ea\u9999\u6e2f<\/a>\u7684\u5408\u548c\u5b9e\u4e1a\u8d22\u56e2\uff08Hopewell\uff09\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u9ad8\u67b6\u7535\u8f66\u8ba1\u5212\u88ab\u6574\u4e2a\u5e9f\u5f03\uff0c\u4ece\u66fc\u8c37\u534e\u5583\u5cf0\u706b\u8f66\u7ad9\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u66fc\u8c37\u5eca\u66fc\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u573a\u5904\u5904\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u89c1\u88ab\u5e9f\u5f03\u7684\u94a2\u7b4b\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u652f\u67f1[66]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u66fc\u8c37\u5730\u94c1\u7d2b\u7ebf<\/a>\u8fde\u63a5\u66fc\u8c37\u5e02\u533a\u548c\u897f\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u6696\u6b66\u91cc\u5e9c<\/a>\uff0c\u4e8e2016\u5e748\u67086\u65e5\u5f00\u59cb\u6b63\u5f0f\u8425\u8fd0\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e86\u795d\u6cf0\u56fd\u56fd\u738b\u62c9\u739b\u4e5d\u4e16\u666e\u5bc6\u84ec\u00b7\u963f\u675c\u5fb7<\/a>\u767b\u57fa70\u5468\u5e74\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ee5\u5e86\u795d\u8bd7\u4e3d\u5409\u738b\u540e<\/a>84\u5c81\u5bff\u8fb0[67]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Although initial passenger numbers were low and their service area was limited to the inner city until the 2016 opening of the Purple Line<\/a>, which serves the Nonthaburi<\/a> area, these systems have become indispensable to many commuters. The BTS reported an average of 600,000 daily trips in 2012,[141]<\/a> while the MRT had 240,000 passenger trips per day.[142]<\/a>
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6700\u521d\u7684\u4e58\u5ba2\u6570\u91cf\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u670d\u52a1\u8303\u56f4\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u5185\u57ce\u533a\uff0c\u76f4\u52302016\u5e74\u7d2b\u7ebf\u5f00\u901a\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u4e86Nonthaburi\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u901a\u52e4\u8005\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u30022012\u5e74\uff0cBTS\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u5929\u62a5\u544a\u4e8660\u4e07\u4eba\u6b21\u7684\u4e58\u8f66\u6b21\u6570[141]\uff0c\u800cMRT\u6bcf\u5929\u7684\u5ba2\u6d41\u91cf\u4e3a24\u4e07\u4eba\u6b21[142]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    As of September 2020, construction work is ongoing to extend the city-wide transit system’s reach, including the construction of the Light Red<\/a> grade-separated commuter rail line. The entire Mass Rapid Transit Master Plan in Bangkok Metropolitan Region<\/a> consists of eight main lines and four feeder lines totaling 508 kilometres (316 mi) to be completed by 2029. In addition to rapid transit and heavy rail lines, there have been proposals for several monorail<\/a> systems.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u622a\u81f32020\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5ef6\u4f38\u5168\u5e02\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u8bbe\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5efa\u8bbe\u6d45\u7ea2\u8272\u7684\u9ad8\u67b6\u901a\u52e4\u94c1\u8def\u7ebf\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u66fc\u8c37\u90fd\u5e02\u533a\u7684\u5927\u4f17\u5feb\u901f\u4ea4\u901a\u603b\u4f53\u89c4\u5212\u5305\u62ec\u516b\u6761\u4e3b\u8981\u7ebf\u8def\u548c\u56db\u6761\u652f\u7ebf\uff0c\u603b\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a508\u516c\u91cc\uff08316\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\uff0c\u8ba1\u5212\u4e8e2029\u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5feb\u901f\u4ea4\u901a\u548c\u91cd\u578b\u94c1\u8def\u7ebf\u8def\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5355\u8f68\u5217\u8f66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u63d0\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    10.4 \u6c34\u8def\u8fd0\u8f93 | Water transport<\/h3>\n\n\n
    \n
    \"\"\/
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
    \n

    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aA Chao Phraya Express Boat<\/a> on the Chao Phraya<\/a> near Wat Arun<\/a>
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6e44\u5357\u6cb3\u5feb\u8247\u5728\u90d1\u738b\u5e99\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6e44\u5357\u6cb3\u4e0a\u884c\u9a76<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a    Chainwit<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    Although much diminished from its past prominence, water-based transport still plays an important role in Bangkok and the immediate upstream and downstream provinces. Several water buses<\/a> serve commuters daily. The Chao Phraya Express Boat<\/a> serves thirty-four stops along the river, carrying an average of 35,586 passengers per day in 2010, while the smaller Khlong Saen Saep boat service<\/a> serves twenty-seven stops on Saen Saep Canal<\/a> with 57,557 daily passengers. Khlong Phasi Charoen boat service<\/a> serves twenty stops on the Phasi Charoen Canal<\/a>. Long-tail boats<\/a> operate on fifteen regular routes on the Chao Phraya, and passenger ferries at thirty-two river crossings served an average of 136,927 daily passengers in 2010.[143]<\/a>
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6c34\u4e0a\u4ea4\u901a\u5728\u66fc\u8c37\u548c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6e38\u7701\u4efd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5df2\u7ecf\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5f31\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u66fc\u8c37\u548c\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6e38\u7701\u4efd\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u6bcf\u5929\u6709\u51e0\u6761\u6c34\u4e0a\u516c\u4ea4\u8f66\u4e3a\u901a\u52e4\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u6e44\u5357\u6cb3\u5feb\u8247\u670d\u52a1\u6cbf\u6cb3\u8bbe\u670934\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\uff0c2010\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u5929\u8fd0\u900135,586\u540d\u4e58\u5ba2\uff0c\u800c\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684Saen Saep\u8fd0\u6cb3\u5c0f\u8239\u670d\u52a1\u6cbf\u8fd0\u6cb3\u8bbe\u670927\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u8fd0\u900157,557\u540d\u4e58\u5ba2\u3002Phasi Charoen\u8fd0\u6cb3\u5c0f\u8239\u670d\u52a1Phasi Charoen\u8fd0\u6cb3\u4e0a\u768420\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\u3002\u957f\u5c3e\u8239\u5728\u6e44\u5357\u6cb3\u4e0a\u8fd0\u842515\u6761\u5e38\u89c4\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u800c32\u4e2a\u6cb3\u6e21\u53e3\u7684\u5ba2\u8fd0\u6e21\u8239\u57282010\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u5929\u8fd0\u9001136,927\u540d\u4e58\u5ba2[143]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bangkok Port, popularly known by its location as Khlong Toei Port<\/a>, was Thailand’s main international port from its opening in 1947 until it was superseded by the deep-sea Laem Chabang Port<\/a> in 1991. It is primarily a cargo port, though its inland location limits access to ships of 12,000 deadweight tonnes or less. The port handled 11,936,855 tonnes (13,158,130 tons) of cargo in the first eight months of the 2010 fiscal year, about 22 per cent the total of the country’s international ports.[144]<\/a>[145]<\/a>
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u6e2f\u53e3\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u5176\u6240\u5728\u5730\u7684\u540d\u79f0Khlong Toei\u6e2f\u53e3\u800c\u95fb\u540d\uff0c\u81ea1947\u5e74\u5f00\u6e2f\u8d77\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6e2f\u53e3\uff0c\u76f4\u52301991\u5e74\u88ab\u6df1\u6d77\u7684Laem Chabang\u6e2f\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d27\u7269\u6e2f\u53e3\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5176\u5185\u9646\u4f4d\u7f6e\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u8239\u8236\u7684\u5428\u4f4d\u4e3a12,000\u5428\u6216\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002\u57282010\u8d22\u653f\u5e74\u5ea6\u7684\u524d\u516b\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u8be5\u6e2f\u53e3\u5904\u7406\u4e8611,936,855\u5428\uff0813,158,130\u5428\uff09\u7684\u8d27\u7269\uff0c\u7ea6\u5360\u8be5\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u6e2f\u53e3\u603b\u91cf\u768422\uff05[144][145]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    10.5 \u673a\u573a | Airports<\/h3>\n\n\n
    \n
    \"\"\/
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 2.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
    \n

    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aSuvarnabhumi Airport is home to flag carrier Thai Airways International<\/a>.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7d20\u4e07\u90a3\u666e\u673a\u573a\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u57fa\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a    Alec Wilson<\/a> from Khon Kaen, Thailand – \u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee\u539f\u56fe\u94fe\u63a5<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n

    \n
    \"\"\/
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 2.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
    \n

    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u7d20\u4e07\u90a3\u666e\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u573a<\/a><\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aAero Icarus<\/a> from Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland – \u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee\u539f\u56fe\u94fe\u63a5<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    Bangkok is one of Asia’s busiest air transport hubs<\/a>. Two commercial airports serve the city, the older Don Mueang International Airport<\/a> and the newer Suvarnabhumi Airport<\/a>. Suvarnabhumi, which replaced Don Mueang as Bangkok’s main airport after its opening in 2006, served 52,808,013 passengers in 2015,[146]<\/a> making it the world’s 20th busiest airport by passenger volume<\/a>. This volume exceeded its designed capacity of 45 million passengers. Don Mueang reopened for domestic flights in 2007,[147]<\/a> and resumed international service focusing on low-cost carriers in October 2012.[148]<\/a> Suvarnabhumi is undergoing expansion to increase its capacity to 60 million passengers by 2019 and 90 million by 2021.[149]<\/a>
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u662f\u4e9a\u6d32\u6700\u7e41\u5fd9\u7684\u822a\u7a7a\u8fd0\u8f93\u67a2\u7ebd\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8be5\u5e02\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5546\u4e1a\u673a\u573a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u8f83\u8001\u7684\u5eca\u66fc\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u573a\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u8f83\u65b0\u7684\u7d20\u4e07\u90a3\u666e\u673a\u573a\u3002\u7d20\u4e07\u90a3\u666e\u673a\u573a\u4e8e2006\u5e74\u5f00\u653e\u540e\u53d6\u4ee3\u5eca\u66fc\u673a\u573a\u6210\u4e3a\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u673a\u573a\uff0c2015\u5e74\u4e3a52,808,013\u540d\u4e58\u5ba2\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5ba2\u8fd0\u91cf\u6392\u540d\u7b2c20\u7684\u6700\u7e41\u5fd9\u673a\u573a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6d41\u91cf\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u5176\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5bb9\u91cf4500\u4e07\u4e58\u5ba2\u3002\u5eca\u66fc\u673a\u573a\u4e8e2007\u5e74\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u653e\u7528\u4e8e\u56fd\u5185\u822a\u73ed\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e2012\u5e7410\u6708\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u4ee5\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u4e3a\u91cd\u70b9\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u7d20\u4e07\u90a3\u666e\u673a\u573a\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5efa\uff0c\u8ba1\u5212\u52302019\u5e74\u5c06\u5176\u5bb9\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u52306000\u4e07\u4e58\u5ba2\uff0c\u52302021\u5e74\u589e\u52a0\u52309000\u4e07\u4e58\u5ba2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u7d20\u4e07\u90a3\u666e\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u573a<\/a>\uff08\u6216\u79f0\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u573a\uff0cBKK\uff09\u4f4d\u4e8e\u57ce\u5e02\u4e1c\u504f\u5357\u65b9\uff0c\u662f\u9996\u90fd\u4e0e\u5468\u56f4\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6c11\u7528\u673a\u573a\uff0c\u662f\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a<\/a>\u4e43\u81f3\u4e9a\u6d32<\/a>\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u822a\u7a7a\u67a2\u7ebd\u3002\u673a\u573a\u4ece2002\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u5efa\u9020\uff0c\u4e8e2006\u5e749\u670828\u65e5\u5b8c\u5de5\u542f\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u53d6\u4ee3\u5eca\u66fc\u673a\u573a\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5eca\u66fc\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u573a<\/a>\uff08\u53ef\u79f0\u66fc\u8c37\u673a\u573a\uff0cDMK\uff09\u66fe\u662f\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u6700\u7e41\u5fd9\u7684\u673a\u573a\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5317\u65b9\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u822a\u7a7a<\/a>\u3001\u5305\u673a<\/a>\u548c\u975e\u76f4\u98de\u822a\u73ed<\/a>\u8d77\u964d[68]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    10.6 \u957f\u9014\u6c7d\u8f66<\/h3>\n\n\n
    \n
    \"\"\/
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
    \n

    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u66fc\u8c37\u81f3\u6cf0\u5357\u957f\u9014\u6c7d\u8f66<\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u4e2d\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1<\/a>\u7684\u7f8e\u5973\u68ee\u7406\u4e16<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \u66fc\u8c37\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u957f\u9014\u6c7d\u8f66\u7ad9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n