{"id":2453,"date":"2023-12-13T15:31:18","date_gmt":"2023-12-13T07:31:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=2453"},"modified":"2025-01-31T13:56:52","modified_gmt":"2025-01-31T05:56:52","slug":"mood-disorder-zhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2023\/12\/13\/mood-disorder-zhen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u60c5\u7eea\u969c\u788d\u75c7 \/ Mood disorder – \u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u878d\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>\u3002
\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>\u3002
\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u82f1\u6587<\/strong>\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u5e76\u8865\u5145\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u6587<\/strong>\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5728\u4e8c\u8005\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u665a\u66f4\u65b0\u8005\u4e3a\u51c6\uff09\u3002\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5408\u89c4\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u4e0a\u4f20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff08Wikipedia\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\uff08\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\uff09<\/a>\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8bd1\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee<\/strong>\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6240\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u539f\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u6587\u672c\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faaCC-BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/a>\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002 \u56fe\u7247\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae<\/a><\/p>\n\u5c01\u9762\u56fe\u7247\uff1aA depressive man standing by a country pond in the pouring rain – not helping his state of mind. Wood engraving, 1869. Original text reads “It\u2019s very well to go down for Six Weeks into the Country by yourself, to give up Tobacco and Stimulants, and to live the Whole Day, so to speak, in the Open Air; but all this will do you no Good, unless you Cultivate a Cheerful Frame of Mind, and take a Lively View of Things.” Iconographic Collections
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cae\u4e27\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u7ad9\u5728\u4e61\u6751\u6c60\u5858\u4e2d\uff0c\u96e8\u4e0b\u5f97\u5f88\u5927 – \u8fd9\u65e0\u52a9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u5fc3\u60c5\u3002\u6728\u523b\u7248\u753b\uff0c1869\u5e74\u3002\u539f\u6587\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u72ec\u81ea\u4e00\u4eba\u53bb\u4e61\u4e0b\u5f85\u4e0a\u516d\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\uff0c\u653e\u5f03\u70df\u8349\u548c\u5174\u594b\u5242\uff0c\u6574\u5929\u5728\u6237\u5916\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u6765\u662f\u5f88\u597d\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u57f9\u517b\u4e00\u79cd\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u5fc3\u6001\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8b\u7269\u4fdd\u6301\u6d3b\u6cfc\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5bf9\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u5904\u3002\u201d\u56fe\u6807\u6536\u85cf
\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

1. \u6b63\u6587<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1.1 \u4e3b\u4f53\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u4e13\u680f\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2 \u4e0d\u4fbf\u5916\u53d1\u7684\u90e8\u5206<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u6b63\u65871.3 \u7531\u7269\u8d28\u8bf1\u53d1 | Substance-induced<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

A mood disorder can be classified as substance-induced if its etiology can be traced to the direct physiologic effects of a psychoactive drug<\/a> or other chemical substance, or if the development of the mood disorder occurred contemporaneously with substance intoxication<\/a> or withdrawal<\/a>. Also, an individual may have a mood disorder coexisting with a substance abuse<\/a> disorder. Substance-induced mood disorders can have features of a manic, hypomanic, mixed, or depressive episode. Most substances can induce a variety of mood disorders. For example, stimulants<\/a> such as amphetamine<\/a>, methamphetamine<\/a>, and cocaine<\/a> can cause manic, hypomanic, mixed, and depressive episodes.[33]<\/a>[unreliable source?<\/em><\/a>]
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5176\u75c5\u56e0\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u7cbe\u795e\u6d3b\u6027\u836f\u7269\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u751f\u7406\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u60c5\u7eea\u969c\u788d\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u4e2d\u6bd2\u6216\u6212\u65ad\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u5c06\u5176\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u7269\u8d28\u8bf1\u53d1\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u969c\u788d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u60a3\u6709\u60c5\u7eea\u969c\u788d\u548c\u836f\u7269\u6ee5\u7528\u969c\u788d\u3002\u7269\u8d28\u8bf1\u53d1\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u969c\u788d\u53ef\u5177\u6709\u8e81\u72c2\u3001\u8f7b\u8e81\u3001\u6df7\u5408\u578b\u6216\u6291\u90c1\u53d1\u4f5c\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7269\u8d28\u90fd\u80fd\u8bf1\u53d1\u5404\u79cd\u60c5\u7eea\u969c\u788d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5174\u594b\u5242\u5982\u5b89\u975e\u4ed6\u660e\u3001\u7532\u57fa\u82ef\u4e19\u80fa\u548c\u53ef\u5361\u56e0\u53ef\u5f15\u8d77\u8e81\u72c2\u3001\u8f7b\u5ea6\u8e81\u72c2\u3001\u6df7\u5408\u578b\u548c\u6291\u90c1\u53d1\u4f5c\u3002[33][\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6765\u6e90?]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff081\uff09\u996e\u9152\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5f71\u54cd | Alcohol-induced<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

High rates of major depressive disorder occur in heavy drinkers and those with alcoholism<\/a>. Controversy has previously surrounded whether those who abused alcohol and developed depression were self-medicating their pre-existing depression. Recent research has concluded that, while this may be true in some cases, alcohol misuse directly causes the development of depression in a significant number of heavy drinkers. Participants studied were also assessed during stressful events in their lives and measured on a Feeling Bad Scale.<\/em> Likewise, they were also assessed on their affiliation with deviant<\/em> peers, unemployment, and their partner’s substance use and criminal offending.[34]<\/a>[35]<\/a>[36]<\/a> High rates of suicide also occur in those who have alcohol-related problems.[37]<\/a> It is usually possible to differentiate between alcohol-related depression and depression that is not related to alcohol intake by taking a careful history of the patient.[36]<\/a>[38]<\/a>[39]<\/a> Depression and other mental health problems associated with alcohol misuse may be due to distortion of brain chemistry, as they tend to improve on their own after a period of abstinence.[40]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u91cd\u5ea6\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u5728\u9157\u9152\u8005\u548c\u9152\u7cbe\u4f9d\u8d56\u8005\u4e2d\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u6b64\u524d\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u6ee5\u7528\u9152\u7cbe\u5e76\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u5728\u7528\u9152\u7cbe\u81ea\u6211\u6cbb\u7597\u4ed6\u4eec\u5148\u524d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u9157\u9152\u8005\u4e2d\uff0c\u9152\u7cbe\u6ee5\u7528\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u53c2\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u8fd8\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u201c\u611f\u89c9\u7cdf\u7cd5\u201d\u91cf\u8868\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e86\u4e0e\u4e0d\u826f\u540c\u4f34\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u5931\u4e1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f34\u4fa3\u7684\u836f\u7269\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\u3002[34][35][36]\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u6709\u9152\u7cbe\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u6740\u7387\u4e5f\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002[37]\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed4\u7ec6\u4e86\u89e3\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u75c5\u53f2\u6765\u533a\u5206\u4e0e\u9152\u7cbe\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u548c\u4e0e\u9152\u7cbe\u6444\u5165\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u3002[36][38][39]\u4e0e\u9152\u7cbe\u6ee5\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u626d\u66f2\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5728\u6212\u9152\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u81ea\u884c\u6539\u5584\u3002[40]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff082\uff09\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u5353\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong> | Benzodiazepine-induced<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Benzodiazepines<\/a>, such as alprazolam<\/a>, clonazepam<\/a>, lorazepam<\/a> and diazepam<\/a>, can cause both depression and mania.[41]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u44ec\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u963f\u666e\u5511\u4ed1\u3001\u6c2f\u785d\u897f\u6cee\u3001\u52b3\u62c9\u5511\u4ed1\u548c\u5b89\u5b9a\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u6291\u90c1\u548c\u8e81\u72c2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Benzodiazepines are a class of medication commonly used to treat anxiety, panic attacks and insomnia, and are also commonly misused and abused<\/a>. Those with anxiety, panic and sleep problems commonly have negative emotions and thoughts, depression, suicidal ideations, and often have comorbid depressive disorders. While the anxiolytic<\/a> and hypnotic<\/a> effects of benzodiazepines may disappear as tolerance<\/a> develops, depression and impulsivity with high suicidal risk commonly persist.[42]<\/a> These symptoms are “often interpreted as an exacerbation or as a natural evolution of previous disorders and the chronic use of sedatives is overlooked”.[42]<\/a> Benzodiazepines do not prevent the development of depression, can exacerbate preexisting depression, can cause depression in those with no history of it, and can lead to suicide attempts.[42]<\/a>[43]<\/a>[44]<\/a>[45]<\/a>[46]<\/a> Risk factors for suicide and suicide attempts while using benzodiazepines include high dose prescriptions (even in those not misusing the medications), benzodiazepine intoxication, and underlying depression.[41]<\/a>[47]<\/a>[48]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u44ec\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u662f\u4e00\u7c7b\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6cbb\u7597\u7126\u8651\u3001\u6050\u614c\u53d1\u4f5c\u548c\u5931\u7720\u7684\u836f\u7269\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e38\u88ab\u6ee5\u7528\u548c\u8650\u5f85\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u60a3\u6709\u7126\u8651\u3001\u6050\u614c\u548c\u7761\u7720\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4eba\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u6709\u8d1f\u9762\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u60f3\u6cd5\u3001\u6291\u90c1\u3001\u81ea\u6740\u610f\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u4f34\u6709\u5171\u75c5\u6027\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u44ec\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u7684\u6297\u7126\u8651\u548c\u50ac\u7720\u6548\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u8010\u53d7\u6027\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u4f46\u6291\u90c1\u548c\u51b2\u52a8\u6027\u9ad8\u7684\u81ea\u6740\u98ce\u9669\u901a\u5e38\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u75c7\u72b6\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u201c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u539f\u6709\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u52a0\u91cd\u6216\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u800c\u6162\u6027\u9547\u9759\u5242\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u201d\u3002\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u44ec\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u9632\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u52a0\u91cd\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6291\u90c1\u53f2\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u5f15\u53d1\u6291\u90c1\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u81ea\u6740\u4f01\u56fe\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u44ec\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u65f6\u81ea\u6740\u548c\u81ea\u6740\u4f01\u56fe\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u56e0\u7d20\u5305\u62ec\u9ad8\u5242\u91cf\u5904\u65b9\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u672a\u6ee5\u7528\u836f\u7269\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff09\u3001\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u44ec\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u4e2d\u6bd2\u4ee5\u53ca\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The long-term use of benzodiazepines may have a similar effect on the brain as alcohol<\/a>, and are also implicated in depression.[49]<\/a> As with alcohol, the effects of benzodiazepine on neurochemistry, such as decreased levels of serotonin<\/a> and norepinephrine<\/a>, are believed to be responsible for the increased depression.[50]<\/a>[51]<\/a>[52]<\/a>[53]<\/a>[54]<\/a>[55]<\/a> Additionally, benzodiazepines can indirectly worsen mood by worsening sleep (i.e., benzodiazepine-induced sleep disorder). Like alcohol, benzodiazepines can put people to sleep but, while asleep, they disrupt sleep architecture: decreasing sleep time, delaying time to REM sleep<\/a>, and decreasing deep sleep<\/a> (the most restorative part of sleep for both energy and mood).[56]<\/a>[57]<\/a>[58]<\/a> Just as some antidepressants can cause or worsen anxiety in some patients due to being activating, benzodiazepines can cause or worsen depression due to being a central nervous system<\/a> depressant\u2014worsening thinking, concentration and problem solving (i.e., benzodiazepine-induced neurocognitive disorder).[41]<\/a> However, unlike antidepressants, in which the activating effects usually improve with continued treatment, benzodiazepine-induced depression is unlikely to improve until after stopping the medication.[57]<\/a>[58]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u957f\u671f\u4f7f\u7528\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u44ec\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5927\u8111\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0e\u9152\u7cbe\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0e\u6291\u90c1\u6709\u5173\u3002\u4e0e\u9152\u7cbe\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u44ec\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5982\u8840\u6e05\u7d20\u548c\u53bb\u7532\u80be\u4e0a\u817a\u7d20\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u6291\u90c1\u52a0\u91cd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u44ec\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6076\u5316\u7761\u7720\uff08\u5373\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u44ec\u7c7b\u8bf1\u53d1\u7684\u7761\u7720\u969c\u788d\uff09\u95f4\u63a5\u6076\u5316\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u4e0e\u9152\u7cbe\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u44ec\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4eba\u5165\u7761\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7761\u7720\u65f6\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u7761\u7720\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u7761\u7720\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e86\u8fdb\u5165\u5feb\u901f\u773c\u52a8\u7761\u7720\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u6df1\u5ea6\u7761\u7720\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7cbe\u529b\u548c\u60c5\u7eea\u6765\u8bf4\u90fd\u662f\u6700\u5177\u6062\u590d\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e9b\u6297\u6291\u90c1\u836f\u7269\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5174\u594b\u4f5c\u7528\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u67d0\u4e9b\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u7126\u8651\u52a0\u91cd\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u44ec\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e2d\u67a2\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u6291\u5236\u5242\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6216\u52a0\u91cd\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u2014\u2014\u6076\u5316\u601d\u7ef4\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u5373\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u44ec\u7c7b\u8bf1\u53d1\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0e\u6297\u6291\u90c1\u836f\u7269\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6297\u6291\u90c1\u836f\u7269\u7684\u5174\u594b\u4f5c\u7528\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u6301\u7eed\u6cbb\u7597\u800c\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u44ec\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u8bf1\u53d1\u7684\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u53ef\u80fd\u76f4\u5230\u505c\u836f\u540e\u624d\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u6539\u5584\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a long-term follow-up study of patients dependent on benzodiazepines, it was found that 10 people (20%) had taken drug overdoses while on chronic benzodiazepine medication despite only two people ever having had any pre-existing depressive disorder. A year after a gradual withdrawal program, no patients had taken any further overdoses.[45]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u9879\u5bf9\u957f\u671f\u4f9d\u8d56\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u44ec\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u670910\u4eba\uff0820%\uff09\u5728\u957f\u671f\u4f7f\u7528\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u44ec\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u671f\u95f4\u66fe\u6709\u836f\u7269\u8fc7\u91cf\u670d\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u66fe\u60a3\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5148\u524d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9010\u6e10\u505c\u836f\u8ba1\u5212\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u60a3\u8005\u518d\u6b21\u53d1\u751f\u836f\u7269\u8fc7\u91cf\u670d\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Just as with intoxication and chronic use, benzodiazepine withdrawal<\/a> can also cause depression.[59]<\/a>[60]<\/a>[61]<\/a> While benzodiazepine-induced depressive disorder may be exacerbated immediately after discontinuation of benzodiazepines, evidence suggests that mood significantly improves after the acute withdrawal period to levels better than during use.[42]<\/a> Depression resulting from withdrawal from benzodiazepines usually subsides after a few months but in some cases may persist for 6\u201312 months.[62]<\/a>[63]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5c31\u50cf\u9152\u7cbe\u4e2d\u6bd2\u548c\u957f\u671f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u44ec\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u6212\u65ad\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u3002\u867d\u7136\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u44ec\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u8bf1\u53d1\u7684\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u5728\u505c\u836f\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u52a0\u91cd\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u6025\u6027\u6212\u65ad\u671f\u540e\u60c5\u7eea\u663e\u8457\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u751a\u81f3\u6bd4\u7528\u836f\u671f\u95f4\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u44ec\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u6212\u65ad\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\u51cf\u8f7b\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed6-12\u4e2a\u6708\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b63\u65872. \u6210\u56e0 | Causes \u4e2d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6bb5\u843d\uff1a\u6027\u522b\u533a\u522b | Sex Differences<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Mood disorders, specifically stress-related mood disorders such as anxiety and depression, have been shown to have differing rates of diagnosis based on sex. In the United States, women are two times more likely than men to be diagnosed with a stress-related mood disorder.[79]<\/a>[80]<\/a> Underlying these sex differences, studies have shown a dysregulation of stress-responsive neuroendocrine function causing an increase in the likelihood of developing these affective disorders.[81]<\/a> Overactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis could provide potential insight into how these sex differences arise. Neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is released from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, stimulating adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release into the blood stream. From here ACTH triggers the release of glucocorticoids such as cortisol from the adrenal cortex. Cortisol, known as the main stress hormone, creates a negative feedback loop back to the hypothalamus to deactivate the stress response.[82]<\/a> When a constant stressor is present, the HPA axis remains overactivated and cortisol is constantly produced. This chronic stress is associated with sustained CRF release, resulting in the increased production of anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors and serving as a potential mechanism for differences in prevalence between men and women.[79]<\/a>
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u60c5\u7eea\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e0e\u538b\u529b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5982\u7126\u8651\u548c\u6291\u90c1\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5728\u6027\u522b\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u7387\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u88ab\u8bca\u65ad\u4e3a\u4e0e\u538b\u529b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u969c\u788d\u7684\u6982\u7387\u662f\u7537\u6027\u7684\u4e24\u500d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6027\u522b\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\u5e94\u6fc0\u53cd\u5e94\u795e\u7ecf\u5185\u5206\u6ccc\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5931\u8c03\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u60a3\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u611f\u969c\u788d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u4e0b\u4e18\u8111-\u5782\u4f53-\u80be\u4e0a\u817a\uff08HPA\uff09\u8f74\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6d3b\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6027\u522b\u5dee\u5f02\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u4e0b\u4e18\u8111\u65c1VENTRICULAR\u6838\uff08PVN\uff09\u91ca\u653e\u795e\u7ecf\u80bd\u4fc3\u80be\u4e0a\u817a\u76ae\u8d28\u6fc0\u7d20\u91ca\u653e\u56e0\u5b50\uff08CRF\uff09\uff0c\u523a\u6fc0\u4fc3\u80be\u4e0a\u817a\u76ae\u8d28\u6fc0\u7d20\uff08ACTH\uff09\u91ca\u653e\u5230\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0cACTH\u89e6\u53d1\u80be\u4e0a\u817a\u76ae\u8d28\u91ca\u653e\u76ae\u8d28\u7c7b\u56fa\u9187\u5982\u76ae\u8d28\u9187\u3002\u76ae\u8d28\u9187\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5e94\u6fc0\u6fc0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f1a\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u5230\u4e0b\u4e18\u8111\uff0c\u4ee5\u505c\u6b62\u538b\u529b\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u5f53\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u538b\u529b\u56e0\u7d20\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0cHPA\u8f74\u4fdd\u6301\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6d3b\u5316\uff0c\u76ae\u8d28\u9187\u4e0d\u65ad\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6162\u6027\u538b\u529b\u4e0e\u6301\u7eed\u7684CRF\u91ca\u653e\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7126\u8651\u548c\u6291\u90c1\u6837\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7537\u5973\u60a3\u75c5\u7387\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u76f8\u5173\u6761\u76ee See also<\/h2>\n\n\n\n