{"id":2921,"date":"2024-05-20T19:33:19","date_gmt":"2024-05-20T11:33:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=2921"},"modified":"2026-06-07T16:37:13","modified_gmt":"2026-06-07T08:37:13","slug":"united-arab-emirates-zhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2024\/05\/20\/united-arab-emirates-zhen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8054\u5408\u914b\u957f\u56fd \/ United Arab Emirates -\uff08\u5168\u6587\uff09\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u878d\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>
\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>
\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u5e76\u8865\u5145\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5728\u4e8c\u8005\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u665a\u66f4\u65b0\u8005\u4e3a\u51c6\uff09\u3002\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5408\u89c4\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u4e0a\u4f20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff08Wikipedia\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8bd1\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u3002
\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6240\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e00\u9053\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167\u7248\u672c<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u548c\u89c6\u9891\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

0. \u6982\u51b5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\n
\u56fe0-1\u81f30-3\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

The United Arab Emirates<\/strong>[b]<\/a><\/sup> (UAE<\/strong>), or simply the Emirates<\/strong>,[c]<\/a><\/sup> is a country in West Asia<\/a>, in the Middle East<\/a>. Located at the eastern end of the Arabian Peninsula<\/a>, it shares borders with Oman<\/a> and Saudi Arabia<\/a>; as well as maritime borders in the Persian Gulf<\/a> with Qatar<\/a> and Iran<\/a>. The United Arab Emirates is an elective monarchy<\/a> formed from a federation<\/a> of seven emirates<\/a>.[13]<\/a><\/sup> As of 2023, the UAE has an estimated population of 9.97 million.[14]<\/a><\/sup> Emirati citizens<\/a> are estimated to form 11.6% of the population; the remaining residents are expatriates<\/a>, the majority of whom are South Asian<\/a>.[14]<\/a><\/sup> Islam<\/a> is the official religion<\/a> and Arabic<\/a> is the official language. Abu Dhabi<\/a> is the country’s capital, while Dubai<\/a>, the most populous<\/a> city, is an international hub.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8054\u5408\u914b\u957f\u56fd\uff08United Arab Emirates\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0UAE\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a\u963f\u8054\u914b\uff0c\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u897f\u4e9a\u3001\u4e2d\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u5b83\u4f4d\u4e8e\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u534a\u5c9b\u7684\u4e1c\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0e\u963f\u66fc\u548c\u6c99\u7279\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u63a5\u58e4\uff0c\u5728\u6ce2\u65af\u6e7e\u4e0e\u5361\u5854\u5c14\u548c\u4f0a\u6717\u6709\u6d77\u4e0a\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8054\u5408\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u662f\u7531\u4e03\u4e2a\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u8054\u90a6\u3002\u622a\u81f32023\u5e74\uff0c\u963f\u8054\u914b\u4f30\u8ba1\u6709997\u4e07\u4eba\u53e3\u3002\u963f\u8054\u914b\u516c\u6c11\u4f30\u8ba1\u5360\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u768411.6%\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u5c45\u6c11\u4e3a\u5916\u7c4d\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u3002\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u662f\u5b98\u65b9\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bed\u662f\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u662f\u8be5\u56fd\u7684\u9996\u90fd\uff0c\u800c\u8fea\u62dc\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u53e3\u6700\u591a\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u67a2\u7ebd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6bb5\u5185\u6ce8b\uff1aArabic<\/a>: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629, romanized<\/a>: <\/small>al-\u02beIm\u0101r\u0101t al-\u02bfArabiyya l-Mutta\u1e25ida<\/em>
ALA-LC<\/a>:<\/small> al-Im\u0101r\u0101t al-\u02bbArab\u012byah al-Mutta\u1e25idah<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6bb5\u5185\u6ce8c\uff1aArabic: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a, romanized: <\/small>al-\u02beIm\u0101r\u0101t<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The United Arab Emirates’ oil<\/a> and natural gas reserves are the world’s sixth<\/a> and seventh-largest<\/a>, respectively.[15]<\/a>[16]<\/a><\/sup> Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan<\/a>, ruler of Abu Dhabi and the country’s first president, oversaw the development of the Emirates by investing oil revenues into healthcare, education, and infrastructure.[17]<\/a><\/sup> The country has the most diversified economy among the members of the Gulf Cooperation Council<\/a>.[18]<\/a><\/sup> In the 21st century, the UAE has become less reliant on oil and gas and is economically focusing on tourism and business. The UAE is considered a middle power<\/a>. It is a member of the United Nations<\/a>, Arab League<\/a>, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation<\/a>, OPEC<\/a>, Non-Aligned Movement<\/a>, World Trade Organization<\/a>, Gulf Cooperation Council<\/a> (GCC) and BRICS<\/a>. The UAE is also a dialogue partner of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation<\/a>.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8054\u5408\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u7684\u77f3\u6cb9\u548c\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u50a8\u91cf\u5206\u522b\u4f4d\u5c45\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u516d\u548c\u7b2c\u4e03\u5927\u3002\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u914b\u957f\u3001\u8be5\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u624e\u8036\u5fb7\u00b7\u672c\u00b7\u82cf\u4e39\u00b7\u963f\u52d2\u7eb3\u54c8\u626c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u77f3\u6cb9\u6536\u5165\u6295\u8d44\u4e8e\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u963f\u8054\u914b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u56fd\u5728\u6d77\u6e7e\u5408\u4f5c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u4e2d\u62e5\u6709\u6700\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002\u572821\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u963f\u8054\u914b\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u77f3\u6cb9\u548c\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u91cd\u5fc3\u8f6c\u5411\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u3002\u963f\u8054\u914b\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u7b49\u5f3a\u56fd\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u3001\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8054\u76df\u3001\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5408\u4f5c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u77f3\u6cb9\u8f93\u51fa\u56fd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u4e0d\u7ed3\u76df\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u8d38\u6613\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u6d77\u6e7e\u5408\u4f5c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08GCC\uff09\u548c\u91d1\u7816\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002\u963f\u8054\u914b\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0a\u6d77\u5408\u4f5c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4f19\u4f34\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Human rights organisations consider the UAE substandard on human rights, citing reports of government critics being imprisoned and tortured, families harassed by the state security apparatus, and cases of forced disappearances<\/a>.[19]<\/a><\/sup> Individual rights such as the freedoms of assembly<\/a>, association<\/a>, the press<\/a>, expression<\/a>, and religion<\/a> are also severely repressed.[20]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4eba\u6743\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8ba4\u4e3a\u963f\u8054\u914b\u5728\u4eba\u6743\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u63f4\u5f15\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u88ab\u76d1\u7981\u548c\u53d7\u8650\u5f85\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u53d7\u5230\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u6784\u9a9a\u6270\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f3a\u5236\u5931\u8e2a\u6848\u4ef6\u7b49\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5982\u96c6\u4f1a\u3001\u7ed3\u793e\u3001\u65b0\u95fb\u3001\u8a00\u8bba\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u91cd\u538b\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a>
\u963f\u8054\u914b\u7248\u56fe\uff0c\u6765\u81eaOpenMap<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
Motto\u3010\u56fd\u5bb6\u683c\u8a00\u3011: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633”God, Nation, President”<\/td><\/tr>
Anthem\u3010\u56fd\u6b4c\u3011:<\/strong> \u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/a>“Long Live My Country”\u3010\u4e07\u5c81\u6211\u7684\u7956\u56fd\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
<\/a>Location of United Arab Emirates (green)in the Arabian Peninsula<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Capital\u3010\u9996\u90fd\u3011<\/th>Abu Dhabi<\/a>\u3010\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u3011
\"\"24\u00b028\u2032N 54\u00b022\u2032E<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Largest city\u3010\u6700\u5927\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u3011<\/th>Dubai<\/a>\u3010\u8fea\u62dc\u3011
\"\"25\u00b015\u2032N 55\u00b018\u2032E<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Official languages\u3010\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u3011<\/th>Arabic<\/a>[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u3010\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bed\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Common languages
\u3010\u901a\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u3011<\/th>		Emirati Arabic<\/a>, English<\/a>[\u8868\u6ce8a]\u3010\u963f\u8054\u914b\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bed\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Ethnic groups<\/a> (2015)[4]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u65cf\u7fa4\uff082015\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/th>		59.4% South Asian<\/a>\u3010\u5357\u4e9a\u88d4\u3011
38.2% Indian<\/a>\u3010\u5370\u5ea6\u3011
9.5% Bangladeshi\u3010\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u56fd\u3011<\/a>
9.4% Pakistani\u3010\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u3011<\/a>
2.3% other<\/a>\u3010\u5176\u4ed6\u3011
11.6% Emirati Arab<\/a>\u3010\u963f\u8054\u914b\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u3011
10.2% Egyptian\u3010\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u3011<\/a>
6.1% Filipino\u3010\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u4eba\u3011<\/a>
12.8% other<\/a>\u3010\u5176\u4ed6\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Religion (2005 est.)[4]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u5b97\u6559\uff082005\u5e74\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u503c\uff09\u3011<\/th>		76% Islam<\/a> (official<\/a>)\u3010\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\uff08\u56fd\u6559\uff09\u3011
9% Christianity<\/a>\u3010\u57fa\u7763\u5b97\u6559\u3011
6% Hinduism<\/a>\u3010\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u3011
8% others\u3010\u5176\u4ed6\u3011<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Demonym(s)<\/a>\u3010\u5bf9\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u79f0\u547c\u3011<\/th>Emirati<\/a>[5]<\/a><\/sup>\u3010\u963f\u8054\u914b\u4eba\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
Government\u3010\u653f\u5e9c\u3011<\/th>Federal Islamic semi-constitutional monarchy<\/a>[6]<\/a>[7]<\/a>[8]<\/a><\/sup>\u3010\u8054\u90a6\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u534a\u7acb\u5baa\u541b\u4e3b\u5236[6][7][8]\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 President<\/a>\u3010\u603b\u7edf\u3011<\/th>Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 Prime Minister<\/a>\u3010\u603b\u7406\u3011<\/th>Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 Vice Presidents<\/a>\u3010\u526f\u603b\u7edf\u4eec\u3011<\/th>Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Legislature\u3010\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u3011<\/th>Federal Supreme Council<\/a>\u3010\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Establishment<\/a>\u3010\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e\u3011<\/th><\/tr>
\u2022 British protectorate<\/a> as part of Persian Gulf Residency<\/a>
\u3010\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6ce2\u65af\u6e7e\u5730\u533a\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u4fdd\u62a4\u56fd\u3011<\/th>		1820 and 1892<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 Independence<\/a> from the United Kingdom\u3010\u72ec\u7acb\u81ea\u82f1\u56fd\u3011<\/th>2 December 1971\u30101971\u5e7412\u67082\u65e5\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 Admitted to the<\/a> United Nations<\/a>
\u3010\u52a0\u5165\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u3011<\/th>		9 December 1971\u30101971\u5e7412\u67089\u65e5\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 Admission of Ras Al Khaimah<\/a>
\u3010\u54c8\u4f0a\u9a6c\u89d2\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u52a0\u5165\u3011<\/th>		10 February 1972\u30101972\u5e742\u670810\u65e5\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Area\u3010\u9762\u79ef\u3011<\/th><\/tr>
\u2022 Total\u3010\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u3011<\/th>83,600 km2<\/sup> (32,300 sq mi) (114th<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 Water (%)\u3010\u6c34\u57df\u9762\u79ef\u5360\u6bd4\u3011<\/th>negligible\u3010\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Population\u3010\u4eba\u53e3\u3011<\/th><\/tr>
\u2022 2020 estimate\u30102020\u5e74\u4f30\u8ba1\u503c\u3011<\/th>9,282,410[9]<\/a><\/sup> (92nd<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 2005 census\u30102005\u5e74\u666e\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c\u3011<\/th>4,106,427<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 Density\u3010\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3011<\/th>121\/km2<\/sup> (313.4\/sq mi) (110th<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr>
GDP<\/a> (PPP<\/a>)
\u3010\u56fd\u6c11\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\uff08\u8d2d\u4e70\u529b\u5e73\u4ef7\uff09\u3011<\/th>		2024 estimate\u30102024\u5e74\u4f30\u8ba1\u503c\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 Total\u3010\u603b\u8ba1\u3011<\/th>\"Increase\" $952.171 billion[10]<\/a><\/sup> (34th<\/a>)\u3010952.17\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff08\u7b2c34\u4f4d\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 Per capita\u3010\u4eba\u5747\u3011<\/th>\"Increase\" $92,954[10]<\/a><\/sup> (6th<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr>
GDP<\/a> (nominal)
\u3010\u56fd\u6c11\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\uff08\u540d\u4e49\/\u6c47\u7387\u8ba1\u7b97\uff09\u3011<\/th>		2024 estimate\u30102024\u5e74\u4f30\u8ba1\u503c\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 Total\u3010\u603b\u8ba1\u3011<\/th>\"Increase\" $536.829 billion[10]<\/a><\/sup> (31st<\/a>)\u301092954\u4ebf\u5143\uff08\u7b2c\u516d\u4f4d\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 Per capita\u3010\u4eba\u5747\u3011<\/th>\"Increase\" $52,407[10]<\/a><\/sup> (20th<\/a>)\u301052407\u4ebf\u5143\uff08\u7b2c20\u4f4d\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Gini<\/a> (2018)\u3010\u57fa\u5c3c\u7cfb\u6570\u3011<\/th>26.0[11]<\/a><\/sup>
low\u3010\u4f4e\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
HDI<\/a> (2022)\u3010\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u6307\u6570\u3011<\/th>\"Increase\" 0.937[12]<\/a><\/sup>
very high (17th<\/a>)\u3010\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\uff08\u7b2c17\u540d\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Currency\u3010\u8d27\u5e01\u3011<\/th>UAE dirham<\/a> (AED<\/a>)\u3010\u963f\u8054\u914b\u8fea\u62c9\u59c6\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Time zone\u3010\u65f6\u533a\u3011<\/th>UTC<\/a>+04:00 (GST<\/a>)\u3010\u4e1c\u56db\u533a\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Calling code\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u7535\u8bdd\u533a\u53f7\u3011<\/th>+971<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
ISO 3166 code<\/a>\u3010\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ee3\u7801\u3011<\/th>AE<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Internet TLD<\/a>\u3010\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u57df\u540d\u3011<\/th>.ae<\/a>\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
United Arab Emirates portal<\/a><\/strong>\u3010\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1 \u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8054\u5408\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u4e3b\u9898\u3011<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
\u8868\u6ce8a\uff1aEnglish is the most commonly spoken language in the UAE.[2]<\/a>[3]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u82f1\u8bed\u662f\u963f\u8054\u914b\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002[2][3]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1. \u5386\u53f2 | History<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Main article: History of the United Arab Emirates<\/a>\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u963f\u8054\u914b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.1 \u53e4\u4ee3 | Antiquity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Main articles: Umm Al Nar culture<\/a> and Wadi Suq culture<\/a>\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u4e4c\u59c6\u963f\u5c14\u7eb3\u5c14\u6587\u5316\u548c\u74e6\u8fea\u82cf\u514b\u6587\u5316\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\u56fe1-1\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Stone tools recovered reveal a settlement of people from Africa some 127,000 years ago and a stone tool used for butchering animals discovered on the Arabian coast suggests an even older habitation from 130,000 years ago.[21]<\/a><\/sup> In time lively trading links developed with civilisations in Mesopotamia<\/a>, Iran and the Harappan culture<\/a> of the Indus Valley. This contact persisted and became wider, probably motivated by the trade in copper from the Hajar Mountains<\/a>, which commenced around 3,000 BCE.[22]<\/a><\/sup> Sumerian sources talk of the Magan<\/a> civilisation, which has been identified as encompassing the modern UAE and Oman.[23]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u77f3\u5668\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u6765\u81ea\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u5927\u7ea6127,000\u5e74\u524d\u5b9a\u5c45\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6d77\u5cb8\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u5c60\u5bb0\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u77f3\u5668\u5219\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u5927\u7ea6130,000\u5e74\u524d\u66f4\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u5b9a\u5c45\u70b9\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u4e0e\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u8fbe\u7c73\u4e9a\u3001\u4f0a\u6717\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df\u54c8\u62c9\u5e15\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u6587\u660e\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e86\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8054\u7cfb\u6301\u7eed\u5e76\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u81ea\u516c\u5143\u524d3,000\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u54c8\u8d3e\u5c14\u5c71\u8109\u94dc\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u63a8\u52a8\u3002\u82cf\u7f8e\u5c14\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u9a6c\u6839\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u786e\u8ba4\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u963f\u8054\u914b\u548c\u963f\u66fc\u5730\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are six periods of human settlement with distinctive behaviours in the region before Islam, which include the Hafit period<\/a> from 3,200 to 2,600 BCE, the Umm Al Nar culture<\/a> from 2,600 to 2,000 BCE, and the Wadi Suq culture<\/a> from 2,000 to 1,300 BCE. From 1,200 BCE to the advent of Islam in Eastern Arabia, through three distinctive Iron Ages<\/a> and the Mleiha<\/a> period, the area was variously occupied by the Achaemenids<\/a> and other forces, and saw the construction of fortified settlements and extensive husbandry thanks to the development of the falaj<\/em><\/a> irrigation system.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5728\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u51fa\u73b0\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u6709\u516d\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b9a\u5c45\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u5404\u5177\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4ece\u516c\u5143\u524d3,200\u5e74\u52302,600\u5e74\u7684\u54c8\u83f2\u7279\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4ece2,600\u5e74\u52302,000\u5e74\u7684\u4e4c\u59c6\u00b7\u7eb3\u5c14\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ece2,000\u5e74\u52301,300\u5e74\u7684\u74e6\u8fea\u82cf\u514b\u6587\u5316\u3002\u4ece\u516c\u5143\u524d1,200\u5e74\u5230\u4e1c\u90e8\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e09\u4e2a\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u94c1\u5668\u65f6\u4ee3\u548c\u7c73\u83b1\u54c8\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u88ab\u963f\u5951\u7f8e\u5c3c\u5fb7\u738b\u671d\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u52bf\u529b\u6240\u5360\u9886\uff0c\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u7b51\u6709\u5821\u5792\u5b9a\u5c45\u70b9\u548c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u519c\u7267\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u6cd5\u62c9\u5b63\u704c\u6e89\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2 \u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559 | Islam<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The spread of Islam<\/a> to the northeastern tip of the Arabian Peninsula<\/a> is thought to have followed directly from a letter sent by the Islamic prophet<\/a> Muhammad<\/a> to the rulers of Oman<\/a> in 630 CE. This led to a group of rulers travelling to Medina<\/a>, converting to Islam and subsequently driving a successful uprising against the unpopular Sassanids<\/a>, who dominated the coast at the time.[24]<\/a><\/sup> Following the death of Muhammad, the new Islamic communities south of the Persian Gulf<\/a> threatened to disintegrate, with insurrections against the Muslim leaders<\/a>. Caliph Abu Bakr<\/a> sent an army from the capital Medina<\/a> which completed its reconquest of the territory (the Ridda Wars<\/a>) with the Battle of Dibba<\/a> in which 10,000 lives are thought to have been lost.[25]<\/a><\/sup> This assured the integrity of the Caliphate<\/a> and the unification of the Arabian Peninsula under the newly emerging Rashidun Caliphate<\/a>.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u534a\u5c9b\u4e1c\u5317\u89d2\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u6e90\u81ea\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5148\u77e5\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u5728\u516c\u5143630\u5e74\u5199\u7ed9\u963f\u66fc\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\u3002\u8fd9\u5c01\u4fe1\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u7fa4\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u524d\u5f80\u9ea6\u5730\u90a3\uff0c\u7688\u4f9d\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\uff0c\u5e76\u968f\u540e\u6210\u529f\u53d1\u52a8\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u63a8\u7ffb\u5f53\u65f6\u5360\u636e\u6d77\u5cb8\u7684\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u8428\u73ca\u738b\u671d\u7684\u8d77\u4e49\u3002\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\uff0c\u6ce2\u65af\u6e7e\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u65b0\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u793e\u533a\u9762\u4e34\u5206\u88c2\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u5bf9\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u7684\u8d77\u4e49\u3002\u54c8\u91cc\u53d1\u963f\u5e03\u00b7\u8d1d\u514b\u4ece\u9996\u90fd\u9ea6\u5730\u90a3\u6d3e\u9063\u4e86\u4e00\u652f\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u9886\u571f\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u5f81\u670d\uff08\u5373\u62c9\u8fbe\u6218\u4e89\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6234\u5df4\u6218\u5f79\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5927\u7ea61\u4e07\u4eba\u4e27\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u54c8\u91cc\u53d1\u56fd\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u534a\u5c9b\u5728\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u62c9\u5e0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08Rashidun Caliphate\uff09\u4e0b\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 637, Julfar (in the area of today’s Ras Al Khaimah<\/a>) was an important port that was used as a staging post for the Islamic invasion of the Sasanian Empire<\/a>.[26]<\/a><\/sup> The area of the Al Ain<\/a>\/Buraimi Oasis<\/a> was known as Tu’am and was an important trading post for camel routes between the coast and the Arabian interior.[27]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u516c\u5143637\u5e74\uff0c\u6731\u5c14\u6cd5\u5c14\uff08\u5373\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u62c9\u65af\u54c8\u4f0a\u9a6c\u5730\u533a\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6e2f\u53e3\uff0c\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5e1d\u56fd\u5165\u4fb5\u8428\u73ca\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u4e2d\u8f6c\u7ad9\u3002\u827e\u56e0\/\u5e03\u8d56\u7c73\u7eff\u6d32\u5730\u533a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u56fe\u5b89\uff08Tu’am\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u6d77\u5cb8\u548c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5185\u9646\u4e4b\u95f4\u9a86\u9a7c\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8d38\u6613\u7ad9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The earliest Christian<\/a> site in the UAE was first discovered in the 1990s, an extensive monastic complex on what is now known as Sir Bani Yas<\/a> Island and which dates back to the seventh century. Thought to be Nestorian<\/a> and built in 600 CE, the church appears to have been abandoned peacefully in 750 CE.[28]<\/a><\/sup> It forms a rare physical link to a legacy of Christianity, which is thought to have spread across the peninsula from 50 to 350 CE following trade routes. Certainly, by the fifth century, Oman had a bishop named John \u2013 the last bishop of Oman being Etienne, in 676 CE.[29]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u963f\u8054\u914b\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9057\u5740\u662f\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\u9996\u6b21\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4eca\u5929\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u897f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u65af\u5c9b\u7684\u5e7f\u9614\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u7fa4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u3002\u8fd9\u5ea7\u6559\u5802\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u6d3e\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u5efa\u4e8e\u516c\u5143600\u5e74\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u516c\u5143750\u5e74\u88ab\u548c\u5e73\u5730\u5e9f\u5f03\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f55\u89c1\u5b9e\u7269\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u636e\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8d38\u6613\u8def\u7ebf\u4ece\u516c\u514350\u5e74\u5230350\u5e74\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u534a\u5c9b\u7684\u3002\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u963f\u66fc\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u7ea6\u7ff0\u7684\u4e3b\u6559\u2014\u2014\u963f\u66fc\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e3b\u6559\u662f\u963f\u65af\u63d0\u5b89\uff0c\u516c\u5143676\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3 \u8461\u8404\u7259\u65f6\u671f | Portuguese era<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

See also: Portuguese Empire<\/a> and Piracy in the Persian Gulf<\/a>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u8461\u8404\u7259\u5e1d\u56fd\u548c\u6ce2\u65af\u6e7e\u6d77\u76d7\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\u56fe1-2\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

The harsh desert environment led to the emergence of the “versatile tribesman”, nomadic groups who subsisted due to a variety of economic activities, including animal husbandry, agriculture and hunting. The seasonal movements of these groups led not only to frequent clashes between groups but also to the establishment of seasonal and semi-seasonal settlements and centres. These formed tribal groupings whose names are still carried by modern Emiratis, including the Bani Yas<\/a> and Al Bu Falah<\/a> of Abu Dhabi<\/a>, Al Ain, Liwa<\/a> and the west coast, the Dhawahir<\/a>, Awamir, Al Ali<\/a> and Manasir<\/a> of the interior, the Sharqiyin<\/a> of the east coast and the Qawasim<\/a> to the North.[30]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4e25\u9177\u7684\u6c99\u6f20\u73af\u5883\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u201c\u591a\u624d\u591a\u827a\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6e38\u7267\u7fa4\u4f53\u9760\u5404\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u755c\u7267\u4e1a\u3001\u519c\u4e1a\u548c\u72e9\u730e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5b63\u8282\u6027\u8fc1\u5f99\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u8fd8\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5b63\u8282\u6027\u548c\u534a\u5b63\u8282\u6027\u7684\u5b9a\u5c45\u70b9\u548c\u805a\u843d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u90e8\u843d\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5982\u4eca\u4ecd\u7136\u88ab\u73b0\u4ee3\u963f\u8054\u914b\u4eba\u6cbf\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u7684\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u65af\uff08Bani Yas\uff09\u548cAl Bu Falah\uff0c\u827e\u56e0\u3001\u5229\u74e6\u548c\u897f\u6d77\u5cb8\u7684Dhawahir\u3001Awamir\u3001Al Ali\u548cManasir\uff0c\u5185\u5730\u7684Sharqiyin\uff0c\u4e1c\u6d77\u5cb8\u7684Qawasim\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the expansion of European colonial empires<\/a>, Portuguese, English and Dutch<\/a> forces appeared in the Persian Gulf region. By the 18th century, the Bani Yas confederation was the dominant force in most of the area now known as Abu Dhabi,[31]<\/a>[32]<\/a>[33]<\/a><\/sup> while the Northern Al Qawasim<\/a> (Al Qasimi) dominated maritime commerce. The Portuguese maintained an influence over the coastal settlements, building forts<\/a> in the wake of the bloody 16th-century conquests of coastal communities by Albuquerque<\/a> and the Portuguese commanders who followed him \u2013 particularly on the east coast at Muscat<\/a>, Sohar<\/a> and Khor Fakkan<\/a>.[34]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u968f\u7740\u6b27\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u7259\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u8377\u5170\u519b\u961f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6ce2\u65af\u6e7e\u5730\u533a\u3002\u5230\u4e8618\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u65af\u8054\u76df\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5982\u4eca\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u5317\u90e8\u7684Al Qawasim\uff08Al Qasimi\uff09\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e86\u6d77\u4e0a\u8d38\u6613\u3002\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4eba\u5728\u6cbf\u6d77\u5b9a\u5c45\u70b9\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u5821\u5792\uff0c\u7d27\u968f\u963f\u5c14\u5e03\u5f00\u514b\u548c\u5176\u540e\u7684\u8461\u8404\u7259\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u572816\u4e16\u7eaa\u5bf9\u6cbf\u6d77\u793e\u533a\u7684\u8840\u8165\u5f81\u670d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u9a6c\u65af\u5580\u7279\u3001\u7d22\u54c8\u5c14\u548c\u79d1\u5c14\u6cd5\u574e\u7684\u4e1c\u6d77\u5cb8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The southern coast of the Persian Gulf was known to the British as the “Pirate Coast<\/a>“,[35]<\/a>[36]<\/a><\/sup> as boats of the Al Qawasim federation harassed British-flagged shipping from the 17th century into the 19th.[37]<\/a><\/sup> The charge of piracy is disputed by modern Emirati historians, including the current ruler of Sharjah, Sheikh Sultan Al Qasimi<\/a>, in his 1986 book The Myth of Arab Piracy in the Gulf<\/em>.[38]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6ce2\u65af\u6e7e\u5357\u90e8\u6d77\u5cb8\u88ab\u82f1\u56fd\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6d77\u76d7\u6d77\u5cb8\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aAl Qawasim\u8054\u90a6\u7684\u8239\u53ea\u4ece17\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e00\u76f4\u9a9a\u6270\u82f1\u56fd\u65d7\u4e0b\u7684\u8239\u53ea\u76f4\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\u3002\u6d77\u76d7\u7684\u6307\u63a7\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u963f\u8054\u914b\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6c99\u8fe6\u73b0\u4efb\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u8c22\u8d6b\u82cf\u4e39\u00b7\u963f\u52d2\u5361\u897f\u7c73\u5728\u51761986\u5e74\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u6d77\u6e7e\u4e2d\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6d77\u76d7\u795e\u8bdd\u300b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\u56fe1-3\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u56fe1-4\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

British expeditions to protect their Indian trade routes led to campaigns against Ras Al Khaimah and other harbours along the coast, including the Persian Gulf campaign of 1809<\/a> and the more successful campaign of 1819<\/a>. The following year, Britain and a number of local rulers signed a maritime truce<\/a>, giving rise to the term Trucial States<\/a>, which came to define the status of the coastal emirates. A further treaty was signed in 1843 and, in 1853 the Perpetual Maritime Truce<\/a> was agreed. To this was added the ‘Exclusive Agreements’, signed in 1892, which made the Trucial States<\/a> a British protectorate.[39]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u82f1\u56fd\u4e3a\u4fdd\u62a4\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u8d38\u6613\u8def\u7ebf\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8fdc\u5f81\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u62c9\u65af\u6d77\u9a6c\u548c\u6cbf\u6d77\u5176\u4ed6\u6e2f\u53e3\u7684\u6218\u5f79\uff0c\u5305\u62ec1809\u5e74\u7684\u6ce2\u65af\u6e7e\u6218\u5f79\u548c1819\u5e74\u66f4\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6218\u5f79\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f53\u5730\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u6d77\u4e0a\u505c\u6218\u534f\u5b9a\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u505c\u6218\u8bf8\u56fd\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u6cbf\u6d77\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u30021843\u5e74\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u6761\u7ea6\uff0c1853\u5e74\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u6c38\u4e45\u6d77\u4e0a\u505c\u6218\u534f\u5b9a\u30021892\u5e74\u53c8\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u201c\u72ec\u5bb6\u534f\u8bae\u201d\uff0c\u4f7f\u505c\u6218\u8bf8\u56fd\u6210\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Under the 1892 treaty, the trucial sheikhs agreed not to dispose of any territory except to the British and not to enter into relationships with any foreign government other than the British without their consent. In return, the British promised to protect the Trucial Coast from all aggression by sea and to help in case of land attack. British maritime policing meant that pearling fleets could operate in relative security. However, the British prohibition of the slave trade<\/a> meant an important source of income was lost to some sheikhs and merchants.[40]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6839\u636e1892\u5e74\u7684\u6761\u7ea6\uff0c\u505c\u6218\u914b\u957f\u4eec\u540c\u610f\u4e0d\u5411\u4efb\u4f55\u56fd\u5bb6\u8f6c\u8ba9\u9886\u571f\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u82f1\u56fd\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5f97\u672a\u7ecf\u82f1\u56fd\u540c\u610f\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u5916\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u627f\u8bfa\u4fdd\u62a4\u505c\u6218\u6d77\u5cb8\u514d\u53d7\u6d77\u4e0a\u4fb5\u7565\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9646\u5730\u88ab\u653b\u51fb\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u6d77\u4e0a\u8b66\u5bdf\u884c\u52a8\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5bfb\u73e0\u8239\u961f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u76f8\u5bf9\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7981\u6b62\u5974\u96b6\u8d38\u6613\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u4e9b\u914b\u957f\u548c\u5546\u4eba\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6536\u5165\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1869, the Qubaisat tribe settled at Khawr al Udayd<\/a> and tried to enlist the support of the Ottomans. Khawr al Udayd was claimed by Abu Dhabi at that time, a claim supported by the British. In 1906, the British Political Resident, Percy Cox<\/a>, confirmed in writing to the ruler of Abu Dhabi, Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan<\/a> (‘Zayed the Great’) that Khawr al Udayd belonged to his sheikhdom.[41]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111869\u5e74\uff0c\u5e93\u62dc\u8428\u7279\u90e8\u843d\u5728\u514b\u54c8\u5c14\u00b7\u4e4c\u4ee3\u5fb7\u5b9a\u5c45\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u83b7\u5f97\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u514b\u54c8\u5c14\u00b7\u4e4c\u4ee3\u5fb7\u88ab\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u4e3b\u5f20\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u652f\u6301\u30021906\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u9a7b\u5730\u4ee3\u8868\u73c0\u897f\u00b7\u8003\u514b\u65af\uff08Percy Cox\uff09\u4e66\u9762\u786e\u8ba4\u7ed9\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u624e\u8036\u5fb7\u00b7\u672c\u00b7\u54c8\u5229\u6cd5\u00b7\u963f\u52d2\u7eb3\u54c8\u626c\uff08\u201c\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u624e\u8036\u5fb7\u201d\uff09\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u514b\u54c8\u5c14\u00b7\u4e4c\u4ee3\u5fb7\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.4 \u82f1\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u548c\u77f3\u6cb9\u7684\u53d1\u73b0 | British era and discovery of oil<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

See also: Persian Gulf campaign of 1809<\/a>, Persian Gulf campaign of 1819<\/a>, General Maritime Treaty of 1820<\/a>, and Trucial States<\/a>\u3010\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a1809\u5e74\u6ce2\u65af\u6e7e\u6218\u5f79\uff0c1819\u5e74\u6ce2\u65af\u6e7e\u6218\u5f79\uff0c1820\u5e74\u603b\u4f53\u6d77\u4e0a\u6761\u7ea6\u548c\u505c\u6218\u8bf8\u56fd\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\u56fe1-5\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the pearling industry<\/a> thrived, providing both income and employment to the people of the Persian Gulf.[42]<\/a><\/sup> The First World War<\/a> had a severe impact on the industry, but it was the economic depression<\/a> of the late 1920s and early 1930s, coupled with the invention of the cultured pearl<\/a>, that wiped out the trade. The remnants of the trade eventually faded away shortly after the Second World War<\/a>, when the newly independent Government of India<\/a> imposed heavy taxation on imported pearls. The decline of pearling resulted in extreme economic hardship in the Trucial States.[43]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u548c20\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u73e0\u5b9d\u4e1a\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e3a\u6ce2\u65af\u6e7e\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6536\u5165\u548c\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u4e00\u6218\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u8be5\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f20\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u548c30\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8427\u6761\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4eba\u5de5\u517b\u6b96\u73cd\u73e0\u7684\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u4f7f\u73e0\u5b9d\u8d38\u6613\u5f7b\u5e95\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\u3002\u73e0\u5b9d\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u6b8b\u4f59\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\u9010\u6e10\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5370\u5ea6\u65b0\u72ec\u7acb\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u8fdb\u53e3\u73cd\u73e0\u5f81\u6536\u4e86\u6c89\u91cd\u7684\u7a0e\u6b3e\u3002\u73e0\u5b9d\u4e1a\u7684\u8870\u843d\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u505c\u6218\u8bf8\u56fd\u7684\u6781\u5ea6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56f0\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1922, the British government secured undertakings from the rulers of the Trucial States not to sign concessions with foreign companies without their consent. Aware of the potential for the development of natural resources such as oil, following finds in Persia (from 1908) and Mesopotamia (from 1927), a British-led oil company, the Iraq Petroleum Company<\/a> (IPC), showed an interest in the region. The Anglo-Persian Oil Company<\/a> (APOC, later to become British Petroleum<\/a>, or BP) had a 23.75% share in IPC. From 1935, onshore concessions to explore for oil were granted by local rulers, with APOC signing the first one on behalf of Petroleum Concessions Ltd (PCL), an associate company of IPC.[44]<\/a><\/sup> APOC was prevented from developing the region alone because of the restrictions of the Red Line Agreement<\/a>, which required it to operate through IPC. A number of options between PCL and the trucial rulers were signed, providing useful revenue for communities experiencing poverty following the collapse of the pearl trade. However, the wealth of oil which the rulers could see from the revenues accruing to surrounding countries remained elusive. The first bore holes in Abu Dhabi were drilled by IPC’s operating company, Petroleum Development (Trucial Coast) Ltd (PDTC) at Ras Sadr in 1950, with a 13,000-foot-deep (4,000-metre) bore hole taking a year to drill and turning out dry, at the tremendous cost at the time of \u00a31 million.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111922\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u505c\u6218\u8bf8\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u4e0d\u4f1a\u672a\u7ecf\u4ed6\u4eec\u540c\u610f\u4e0e\u5916\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7279\u8bb8\u6743\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6ce2\u65af\uff08\u81ea1908\u5e74\u8d77\uff09\u548c\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u8fbe\u7c73\u4e9a\uff08\u81ea1927\u5e74\u8d77\uff09\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u77f3\u6cb9\u7b49\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u82f1\u56fd\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\u2014\u2014\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\uff08IPC\uff09\u5bf9\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u82f1\u4f0a\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\uff08APOC\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8BP\uff09\u6301\u6709IPC\u768423.75\uff05\u80a1\u4efd\u3002\u4ece1935\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u6388\u4e88\u4e86\u52d8\u63a2\u77f3\u6cb9\u7684\u9646\u4e0a\u7279\u8bb8\u6743\uff0cAPOC\u4ee3\u8868\u77f3\u6cb9\u7279\u8bb8\u516c\u53f8\uff08IPC\u7684\u8054\u8425\u516c\u53f8\uff09\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u8bb8\u6743\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u300a\u7ea2\u7ebf\u534f\u8bae\u300b\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0cAPOC\u65e0\u6cd5\u72ec\u81ea\u5f00\u53d1\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u3002PCL\u4e0e\u505c\u6218\u8bf8\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9009\u9879\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e3a\u73cd\u73e0\u8d38\u6613\u5d29\u6e83\u540e\u9677\u5165\u8d2b\u56f0\u7684\u793e\u533a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6709\u7528\u7684\u6536\u5165\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4ece\u5468\u8fb9\u56fd\u5bb6\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u77f3\u6cb9\u8d22\u5bcc\u4ecd\u7136\u96be\u4ee5\u89e6\u53ca\u30021950\u5e74\uff0cIPC\u7684\u8fd0\u8425\u516c\u53f8\u77f3\u6cb9\u5f00\u53d1\uff08\u505c\u6218\u6d77\u5cb8\uff09\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\uff08PDTC\uff09\u5728\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u7684Ras Sadr\u5730\u533a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u53e3\u94bb\u4e95\uff0c\u4e00\u53e3\u6df1\u8fbe13000\u82f1\u5c3a\uff084000\u7c73\uff09\u7684\u94bb\u4e95\u5386\u65f6\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5e72\u4e95\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u8017\u8d44\u9ad8\u8fbe100\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\u56fe\u72471-6\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

The British set up a development office that helped in some small developments in the emirates. The seven sheikhs<\/a> of the emirates<\/a> then decided to form a council to coordinate matters between them and took over the development office. In 1952, they formed the Trucial States Council,[45]<\/a><\/sup> and appointed Adi Al Bitar<\/a>, Dubai’s Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum<\/a>‘s legal advisor, as secretary general and legal advisor to the council. The council was terminated once the United Arab Emirates was formed.[46]<\/a><\/sup> The tribal nature of society and the lack of definition of borders between emirates frequently led to disputes, settled either through mediation or, more rarely, force. The Trucial Oman Scouts<\/a> was a small military force used by the British to keep the peace.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u82f1\u56fd\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff0c\u534f\u52a9\u963f\u8054\u914b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u963f\u8054\u914b\u7684\u4e03\u4e2a\u914b\u957f\u51b3\u5b9a\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u534f\u8c03\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u63a5\u7ba1\u4e86\u53d1\u5c55\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u30021952\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u505c\u6218\u8bf8\u56fd\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e76\u4efb\u547d\u4e86\u675c\u62dc\u914b\u957f\u62c9\u5e0c\u5fb7\u00b7\u672c\u00b7\u8d5b\u4e49\u5fb7\u00b7\u963f\u52d2\u9a6c\u514b\u56fe\u59c6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u987e\u95eeAdi Al Bitar\u62c5\u4efb\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u517c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u987e\u95ee\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8054\u5408\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4fbf\u88ab\u89e3\u6563\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u505c\u6218\u8bf8\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u4e89\u7aef\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u89e3\u6216\u66f4\u5c11\u89c1\u5730\u901a\u8fc7\u6b66\u529b\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u66fe\u6d3e\u9063\u4e00\u652f\u540d\u4e3a”\u505c\u6218\u963f\u66fc\u4fa6\u5bdf\u5175”\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u519b\u961f\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u548c\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1953, a subsidiary of BP<\/a>, D’Arcy Exploration Ltd, obtained an offshore concession from the ruler of Abu Dhabi. BP joined with Compagnie Fran\u00e7aise des P\u00e9troles<\/a> (later Total<\/a>) to form operating companies, Abu Dhabi Marine Areas Ltd (ADMA) and Dubai Marine Areas Ltd (DUMA). A number of undersea oil surveys were carried out, including one led by the famous marine explorer Jacques Cousteau<\/a>.[47]<\/a>[48]<\/a><\/sup> In 1958, a floating platform rig was towed from Hamburg<\/a>, Germany<\/a>, and positioned over the Umm Shaif<\/a> pearl bed, in Abu Dhabi waters, where drilling began. In March, it struck oil in the Upper Thamama rock formation. This was the first commercial discovery of the Trucial Coast, leading to the first exports of oil in 1962. ADMA made further offshore discoveries at Zakum and elsewhere, and other companies made commercial finds such as the Fateh oilfield<\/a> off Dubai and the Mubarak field off Sharjah (shared with Iran).[49]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111953\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5b50\u516c\u53f8D’Arcy Exploration Ltd\u4ece\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u6d77\u4e0a\u7279\u8bb8\u6743\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\uff08\u540e\u6765\u7684\u9053\u8fbe\u5c14\uff09\u5408\u4f5c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u8fd0\u8425\u516c\u53f8\u2014\u2014\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u6d77\u57df\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\uff08ADMA\uff09\u548c\u8fea\u62dc\u6d77\u57df\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\uff08DUMA\uff09\u3002\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u591a\u6b21\u6d77\u5e95\u77f3\u6cb9\u52d8\u63a2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u7531\u8457\u540d\u6d77\u6d0b\u63a2\u9669\u5bb6\u96c5\u514b\u00b7\u5e93\u65af\u6258\u5e26\u9886\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u52d8\u63a2\u30021958\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u5ea7\u6d6e\u52a8\u5e73\u53f0\u94bb\u4e95\u8bbe\u5907\u4ece\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c49\u5821\u88ab\u62d6\u5230\u4e86\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u6d77\u57df\u7684Umm Shaif\u73cd\u73e0\u5e8a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u94bb\u63a2\u30023\u6708\u4efd\uff0c\u5728Upper Thamama\u5ca9\u5c42\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u77f3\u6cb9\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u505c\u6218\u6d77\u5cb8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5546\u4e1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e861962\u5e74\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u77f3\u6cb9\u51fa\u53e3\u3002ADMA\u5728Zakum\u7b49\u5730\u533a\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u6d77\u4e0a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u5728\u675c\u62dc\u5916\u6d77\u7684Fateh\u6cb9\u7530\u548c\u6c99\u8fe6\u5916\u6d77\u7684Mubarak\u6cb9\u7530\uff08\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u5171\u4eab\uff09\u7b49\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5546\u4e1a\u77f3\u6cb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, onshore exploration was hindered by territorial disputes. In 1955, the United Kingdom<\/a> represented Abu Dhabi and Oman in their dispute with Saudi Arabia over the Buraimi Oasis<\/a>.[50]<\/a><\/sup> A 1974 agreement between Abu Dhabi and Saudi Arabia seemed to have settled the Abu Dhabi-Saudi border dispute<\/a>, but this has not been ratified.[51]<\/a><\/sup> The UAE’s border with Oman was ratified in 2008.[52]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u9886\u571f\u4e89\u7aef\u7684\u963b\u788d\uff0c\u9646\u5730\u52d8\u63a2\u4e00\u76f4\u53d7\u5230\u5236\u7ea6\u30021955\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u548c\u963f\u66fc\u5c31\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u6c99\u7279\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5173\u4e8eBuraimi\u7eff\u6d32\u7684\u4e89\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u534f\u8c03\u30021974\u5e74\uff0c\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u548c\u6c99\u7279\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4-\u6c99\u7279\u8fb9\u754c\u4e89\u7aef\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u534f\u8bae\u5c1a\u672a\u83b7\u5f97\u6279\u51c6\u3002\u963f\u8054\u914b\u4e0e\u963f\u66fc\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u57282008\u5e74\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PDTC continued its onshore exploration away from the disputed area, drilling five more bore holes that were also dry. However, on 27 October 1960, the company discovered oil in commercial quantities at the Murban No. 3 well on the coast near Tarif.[53]<\/a><\/sup> In 1962, PDTC became the Abu Dhabi Petroleum Company<\/a>. As oil revenues increased, the ruler of Abu Dhabi, Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan<\/a>, undertook a massive construction program, building schools, housing, hospitals and roads. When Dubai’s oil exports commenced in 1969, Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum<\/a>, the ruler of Dubai, was able to invest the revenues from the limited reserves found to spark the diversification drive that would create the modern global city<\/a> of Dubai.[54]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u77f3\u6cb9\u5f00\u53d1\uff08\u505c\u6218\u6d77\u5cb8\uff09\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\uff08PDTC\uff09\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u4e89\u8bae\u533a\u57df\u4ee5\u5916\u8fdb\u884c\u9646\u4e0a\u52d8\u63a2\uff0c\u94bb\u63a2\u4e86\u53e6\u5916\u4e94\u53e3\u5e72\u4e95\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c1960\u5e7410\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u5728Tarif\u9644\u8fd1\u7684Murban No. 3\u4e95\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5546\u4e1a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u77f3\u6cb9\u30021962\u5e74\uff0cPDTC\u6210\u4e3a\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u968f\u7740\u77f3\u6cb9\u6536\u5165\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u624e\u8036\u5fb7\u00b7\u672c\u00b7\u82cf\u4e39\u00b7\u963f\u52d2\u7eb3\u54c8\u626c\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4fee\u5efa\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u4f4f\u623f\u3001\u533b\u9662\u548c\u9053\u8def\u3002\u5f53\u8fea\u62dc\u7684\u77f3\u6cb9\u51fa\u53e3\u4e8e1969\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c\u8fea\u62dc\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u62c9\u5e0c\u5fb7\u00b7\u672c\u00b7\u8d5b\u4e49\u5fb7\u00b7\u963f\u52d2\u9a6c\u514b\u56fe\u59c6\u80fd\u591f\u6295\u8d44\u4ece\u6709\u9650\u50a8\u91cf\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u591a\u5143\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u8fea\u62dc\u5168\u7403\u57ce\u5e02\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.5 \u72ec\u7acb | Independence<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u56fe1-7\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

By 1966, it had become clear the British government could no longer afford to administer and protect the Trucial States<\/a>, what is now the United Arab Emirates. British Members of Parliament<\/a> (MPs) debated the preparedness of the Royal Navy<\/a> to defend the sheikhdoms<\/a>. On 24 January 1968, British Prime Minister Harold Wilson<\/a> announced the government’s decision, reaffirmed in March 1971 by Prime Minister Edward Heath<\/a>, to end the treaty relationships with the seven trucial sheikhdoms. Days after the announcement, the ruler of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan<\/a>, fearing vulnerability, tried to persuade the British to honour the protection treaties by offering to pay the full costs of keeping the British Armed Forces<\/a> in the Emirates. The British Labour<\/a> government rejected the offer.[55]<\/a><\/sup> After Labour MP Goronwy Roberts<\/a> informed Sheikh Zayed of the news of British withdrawal, the nine Persian Gulf sheikhdoms attempted to form a union of Arab emirates, but by mid-1971 they were still unable to agree on terms of union even though the British treaty relationship was to expire in December of that year.[56]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5230\u4e861966\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u660e\u663e\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ee7\u7eed\u627f\u62c5\u5bf9\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u963f\u8054\u914b\u8fdb\u884c\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u4eec\u5bf9\u7687\u5bb6\u6d77\u519b\u662f\u5426\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u634d\u536b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8fa9\u8bba\u30021968\u5e741\u670824\u65e5\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u9996\u76f8\u54c8\u7f57\u5fb7\u00b7\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u5ba3\u5e03\u653f\u5e9c\u51b3\u5b9a\u7ed3\u675f\u4e0e\u4e03\u4e2a\u505c\u6218\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u7684\u6761\u7ea6\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u51b3\u5b9a\u57281971\u5e743\u6708\u7531\u9996\u76f8\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u5e0c\u601d\u91cd\u7533\u3002\u5728\u5ba3\u5e03\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u5929\uff0c\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u914b\u957f\u8c22\u8d6b\u624e\u8036\u5fb7\u00b7\u672c\u00b7\u82cf\u4e39\u00b7\u963f\u52d2\u7eb3\u54c8\u626c\u62c5\u5fc3\u8106\u5f31\u6027\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bf4\u670d\u82f1\u56fd\u5c65\u884c\u4fdd\u62a4\u6761\u7ea6\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u613f\u610f\u5168\u989d\u652f\u4ed8\u4fdd\u6301\u82f1\u56fd\u6b66\u88c5\u90e8\u961f\u9a7b\u624e\u5728\u963f\u8054\u914b\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5de5\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u63d0\u8bae\u3002\u5728\u5de5\u515a\u8bae\u5458\u6208\u9686\u97e6\u00b7\u7f57\u4f2f\u8328\u544a\u77e5\u8c22\u8d6b\u624e\u8036\u5fb7\u82f1\u56fd\u5c06\u64a4\u519b\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u540e\uff0c\u4e5d\u4e2a\u6ce2\u65af\u6e7e\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u8bd5\u56fe\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u4f46\u76f4\u52301971\u5e74\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ecd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c31\u8054\u5408\u6761\u6b3e\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u6761\u7ea6\u5173\u7cfb\u5c06\u5728\u540c\u5e7412\u6708\u5230\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fears of vulnerability were realised the day before independence. An Iranian destroyer group broke formation from an exercise in the lower Gulf, sailing to the Tunb islands<\/a>. The islands were taken by force, civilians and Arab defenders alike allowed to flee. A British warship stood idle during the course of the invasion.[57]<\/a><\/sup> A destroyer group approached the island of Abu Musa<\/a> as well. But there, Sheikh Khalid bin Mohammed Al Qasimi<\/a> had already negotiated with the Iranian shah, and the island was quickly leased to Iran for $3 million a year. Meanwhile, Saudi Arabia laid claim to swathes of Abu Dhabi.[58]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u72ec\u7acb\u65e5\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u5bf9\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u4e00\u8258\u4f0a\u6717\u9a71\u9010\u8230\u7fa4\u5728\u6d77\u6e7e\u4e0b\u90e8\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u6f14\u4e60\u4e2d\u8131\u79bb\u7f16\u961f\uff0c\u9a76\u5411\u901a\u5e03\u5c9b\uff08Tunb\u5c9b\u5c7f\uff09\u800c\u53bb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c9b\u5c7f\u88ab\u6b66\u529b\u5360\u9886\uff0c\u5e73\u6c11\u548c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u9632\u5fa1\u8005\u540c\u6837\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u64a4\u79bb\u3002\u5728\u5165\u4fb5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u8258\u82f1\u56fd\u519b\u8230\u8896\u624b\u65c1\u89c2\u3002[57]\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u9a71\u9010\u8230\u7fa4\u4e5f\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e86\u963f\u5e03\u7a46\u8428\u5c9b\uff08Abu Musa\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u8c22\u8d6b\u54c8\u5229\u5fb7\u00b7\u672c\u00b7\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u00b7\u5361\u897f\u7c73\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u56fd\u738b\u534f\u5546\u5b8c\u6bd5\uff0c\u8be5\u5c9b\u8fc5\u901f\u4ee5\u6bcf\u5e74300\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u79df\u7ed9\u4e86\u4f0a\u6717\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6c99\u7279\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5bf9\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u7684\u5927\u7247\u5730\u533a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9886\u571f\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002[58]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Originally intended to be part of the proposed Federation of Arab Emirates, Bahrain became independent in August, and Qatar in September 1971. When the British-Trucial Sheikhdoms treaty expired on 1 December 1971, both emirates became fully independent.[59]<\/a><\/sup> On 2 December 1971, six of the emirates (Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Sharjah and Umm Al Quwain) agreed to enter into a union named the United Arab Emirates. Ras al-Khaimah joined later, on 10 January 1972.[60]<\/a>[61]<\/a><\/sup> In February 1972, the Federal National Council<\/a> (FNC) was created; it was a 40-member consultative body appointed by the seven rulers. The UAE joined the Arab League<\/a> on 6 December 1971 and the United Nations<\/a> on 9 December.[62]<\/a><\/sup> It was a founding member of the Gulf Cooperation Council<\/a> in May 1981, with Abu Dhabi hosting the first GCC summit<\/a>.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6700\u521d\u8ba1\u5212\u7eb3\u5165\u62df\u8bae\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8054\u5408\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u7684\u5df4\u6797\u4e8e1971\u5e748\u6708\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u5361\u5854\u5c14\u4e8e1971\u5e749\u6708\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u5f53\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0e\u505c\u6218\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u7684\u6761\u7ea6\u4e8e1971\u5e7412\u67081\u65e5\u5230\u671f\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u5b8c\u5168\u72ec\u7acb\u4e86\u30021971\u5e7412\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u963f\u8054\u914b\u7684\u516d\u4e2a\u914b\u957f\u56fd\uff08\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u3001\u963f\u6cbb\u66fc\u3001\u8fea\u62dc\u3001\u5bcc\u5409\u62c9\u3001\u6c99\u8fe6\u548c\u4e4c\u59c6\u76d6\u65fa\uff09\u540c\u610f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8054\u5408\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u7684\u8054\u76df\u3002\u800c\u62c9\u65af\u5c14\u54c8\u9a6c\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7a0d\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a1972\u5e741\u670810\u65e5\u30021972\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08FNC\uff09\uff1b\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u4e03\u4f4d\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u4efb\u547d\u768440\u540d\u6210\u5458\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u54a8\u8be2\u673a\u6784\u3002\u963f\u8054\u914b\u4e8e1971\u5e7412\u67086\u65e5\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u4e8e12\u67089\u65e5\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u6d77\u6e7e\u5408\u4f5c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u6210\u5458\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e8e1981\u5e745\u6708\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u4e3b\u6301\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6d77\u6e7e\u5408\u4f5c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5cf0\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.6 \u72ec\u7acb\u540e\u7684\u65f6\u671f | Post-Independence period<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The UAE supported military operations by the US and other coalition states<\/a> engaged in the war against the Taliban<\/a> in Afghanistan<\/a> (2001) and Saddam Hussein<\/a> in Ba’athist Iraq<\/a> (2003) as well as operations supporting the Global War on Terror<\/a> for the Horn of Africa<\/a> at Al Dhafra Air Base<\/a> located outside of Abu Dhabi. The air base also supported Allied operations during the 1991 Persian Gulf War<\/a> and Operation Northern Watch<\/a>. The country had already signed a military<\/a> defence agreement with the U.S. in 1994 and one with France in 1995.[63]<\/a>[64]<\/a><\/sup> In January 2008, France and the UAE signed a deal allowing France to set up a permanent military base in the emirate of Abu Dhabi.[65]<\/a><\/sup> The UAE joined international military operations in Libya in March 2011.
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On 2 November 2004, the UAE’s first president, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan<\/a>, died. Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan<\/a> was elected as the president of the UAE<\/a>. Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan<\/a> succeeded Sheikh Khalifa as crown prince of Abu Dhabi.[66]<\/a><\/sup> In January 2006, Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum<\/a>, the prime minister of the UAE and the ruler of Dubai, died, and Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum<\/a> assumed both roles.
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The first ever national elections were held on 16 December 2006. A number of voters chose half of the members of the Federal National Council<\/a>. The UAE has largely escaped the Arab Spring<\/a>, which other countries have experienced; however, 60 Emirati activists from Al Islah<\/a> were apprehended for an alleged coup attempt and the attempt of the establishment of an Islamist<\/a> state in the UAE.[67]<\/a>[68]<\/a>[69]<\/a><\/sup> Mindful of the protests in nearby Bahrain, in November 2012 the UAE outlawed online mockery of its government or attempts to organise public protests through social media.[17]<\/a><\/sup>
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On 29 January 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic<\/a> was confirmed to have reached the UAE<\/a>.[70]<\/a><\/sup> Two months later, in March, the government announced the closure of shopping malls, schools, and places of worship, in addition to imposing a 24-hour curfew, and suspending all Emirates<\/a> passenger flights.[71]<\/a>[72]<\/a><\/sup> This resulted in a major economic downturn, which eventually led to the merger of more than 50% of the UAE’s federal agencies<\/a>.[73]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112020\u5e741\u670829\u65e5\uff0cCOVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u786e\u8ba4\u5230\u8fbe\u963f\u8054\u914b\u3002[70]\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\uff0c\u53733\u6708\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5ba3\u5e03\u5173\u95ed\u8d2d\u7269\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e8624\u5c0f\u65f6\u5bb5\u7981\uff0c\u6682\u505c\u6240\u6709\u963f\u8054\u914b\u822a\u7a7a\u7684\u5ba2\u8fd0\u822a\u73ed\u3002[71][72]\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8870\u9000\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4fc3\u4f7f\u963f\u8054\u914b\u5408\u5e76\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc750%\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u673a\u6784\u3002[73]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On 29 August 2020, the UAE established normal diplomatic relations with Israel and with the help of the United States, they signed the Abraham Accords<\/a> with Bahrain<\/a>.[74]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112020\u5e748\u670829\u65e5\uff0c\u963f\u8054\u914b\u4e0e\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6b63\u5e38\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0e\u5df4\u6797\u4e00\u8d77\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u300a\u4e9a\u4f2f\u62c9\u7f55\u534f\u8bae\u300b\u3002[74]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On 9 February 2021, the UAE achieved a historic milestone when its probe, named Hope<\/a><\/em>, successfully reached Mars<\/a>‘s orbit. The UAE became the first country in the Arab world<\/a> to reach Mars, the fifth country to successfully reach Mars, and the second country, after an Indian probe<\/a>, to orbit Mars on its maiden attempt.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112021\u5e742\u67089\u65e5\uff0c\u963f\u8054\u914b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\uff0c\u5176\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5e0c\u671b\u201d\u7684\u63a2\u6d4b\u5668\u6210\u529f\u8fdb\u5165\u706b\u661f\u8f68\u9053\u3002\u963f\u8054\u914b\u6210\u4e3a\u9996\u4e2a\u5230\u8fbe\u706b\u661f\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u5230\u8fbe\u706b\u661f\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ee7\u5370\u5ea6\u63a2\u6d4b\u5668\u4e4b\u540e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u9996\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c31\u6210\u529f\u7ed5\u706b\u661f\u8f68\u9053\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On 14 May 2022, Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan<\/a> was elected as the UAE’s new president after the death of Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan<\/a>.[75]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112022\u5e745\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u8c22\u8d6b\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u00b7\u672c\u00b7\u624e\u8036\u5fb7\u00b7\u963f\u52d2\u7eb3\u54c8\u626c\u5728\u8c22\u8d6b\u54c8\u5229\u6cd5\u00b7\u672c\u00b7\u624e\u8036\u5fb7\u00b7\u963f\u52d2\u7eb3\u54c8\u626c\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u963f\u8054\u914b\u65b0\u603b\u7edf\u3002[75]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u5730\u7406 | Geography<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Main article: Geography of the United Arab Emirates<\/a>\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8054\u5408\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u7684\u5730\u7406\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u56fe2-1\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

The United Arab Emirates is situated in the Middle East<\/a>, bordering the Gulf of Oman<\/a> and the Persian Gulf<\/a>, between Oman<\/a> and Saudi Arabia<\/a>; it is in a strategic location slightly south of the Strait of Hormuz<\/a>, a vital transit point for world crude oil<\/a>.[76]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8054\u5408\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e2d\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u6fd2\u4e34\u963f\u66fc\u6e7e\u548c\u6ce2\u65af\u6e7e\uff0c\u4ecb\u4e8e\u963f\u66fc\u548c\u6c99\u7279\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4e4b\u95f4\uff1b\u5176\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7565\u4f4d\u4e8e\u970d\u5c14\u6728\u5179\u6d77\u5ce1\u4ee5\u5357\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u539f\u6cb9\u8fd0\u8f93\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u54bd\u5589\u70b9\u3002[76]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE lies between 22\u00b030′ and 26\u00b010′ north latitude and between 51\u00b0 and 56\u00b025\u2032 east longitude. It shares a 530-kilometre (330 mi) border with Saudi Arabia on the west, south, and southeast, and a 450-kilometre (280 mi) border with Oman on the southeast and northeast. The land border with Qatar in the Khawr al Udayd<\/a> area is about nineteen kilometres (12 miles) in the northwest; however, it is a source of ongoing dispute<\/a>.[77]<\/a><\/sup> Following Britain’s military departure from the UAE in 1971, and its establishment as a new state, the UAE laid claim to islands resulting in disputes with Iran that remain unresolved.[78]<\/a><\/sup> The UAE also disputes claim on other islands against the neighboring state of Qatar.[79]<\/a><\/sup> The largest emirate, Abu Dhabi<\/a>, accounts for 87% of the UAE’s total area[80]<\/a><\/sup> (67,340 square kilometres (26,000 sq mi).[81]<\/a><\/sup> The smallest emirate, Ajman<\/a>, encompasses only 259 km2<\/sup> (100 sq mi).[82]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u963f\u8054\u914b\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5317\u7eac22\u00b030’\u81f326\u00b010’\uff0c\u4e1c\u7ecf51\u00b0\u81f356\u00b025\u2032\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u5b83\u4e0e\u6c99\u7279\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u897f\u90e8\u3001\u5357\u90e8\u53ca\u4e1c\u5357\u90e8\u5171\u4eab530\u516c\u91cc\uff08330\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u4e0e\u963f\u66fc\u4e1c\u5357\u90e8\u53ca\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u5171\u4eab450\u516c\u91cc\uff08280\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u4e0e\u5361\u5854\u5c14\u5728Khawr al Udayd\u5730\u533a\u7684\u9646\u5730\u8fb9\u754c\u5927\u7ea6\u4e3a19\u516c\u91cc\uff0812\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u533a\u57df\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u6e90\u5934\u3002[77]\u968f\u7740\u82f1\u56fd1971\u5e74\u4ece\u963f\u8054\u914b\u64a4\u519b\u53ca\u963f\u8054\u914b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u963f\u8054\u914b\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c9b\u5c7f\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u58f0\u7d22\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u672a\u89e3\u51b3\u3002[78]\u963f\u8054\u914b\u4e5f\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u90bb\u56fd\u5361\u5854\u5c14\u5c31\u5176\u4ed6\u5c9b\u5c7f\u7684\u5f52\u5c5e\u5b58\u5728\u4e89\u8bae\u3002[79]\u6700\u5927\u7684\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u5360\u963f\u8054\u914b\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u768487%[80]\uff0867,340\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff0826,000\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09[81]\u3002\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u963f\u6cbb\u66fc\u4ec5\u6db5\u76d6259\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff08100\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u3002[82]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAE coast stretches for nearly 650 km (404 mi) along the southern shore of the Persian Gulf<\/a>, briefly interrupted by an isolated outcrop of the Sultanate of Oman. Six of the emirates are situated along the Persian Gulf, and the seventh, Fujairah is on the eastern coast of the peninsula with direct access to the Gulf of Oman.[83]<\/a><\/sup> Most of the coast consists of salt pans<\/a> that extend 8\u201310 km (5.0\u20136.2 mi) inland.[84]<\/a><\/sup> The largest natural harbor<\/a> is at Dubai, although other ports have been dredged at Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, and elsewhere.[85]<\/a><\/sup> Numerous islands are found in the Persian Gulf, and the ownership of some of them has been the subject of international disputes with both Iran<\/a> and Qatar<\/a>. The smaller islands, as well as many coral reefs<\/a> and shifting sandbars, are a menace to navigation. Strong tides and occasional windstorms further complicate ship movements near the shore. The UAE also has a stretch of the Al B\u0101\u0163inah<\/a> coast of the Gulf of Oman. The Musandam Peninsula<\/a>, the very tip of Arabia by the Strait of Hormuz, and Madha<\/a> are exclaves<\/a> of Oman separated by the UAE.[86]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u963f\u8054\u914b\u7684\u6d77\u5cb8\u7ebf\u6cbf\u6ce2\u65af\u6e7e\u5357\u5cb8\u5ef6\u4f38\u8fd1650\u516c\u91cc\uff08404\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\uff0c\u4ec5\u5728\u963f\u66fc\u7684\u4e00\u5757\u5b64\u7acb\u7a81\u51fa\u90e8\u77ed\u6682\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002\u516d\u4e2a\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u6ce2\u65af\u6e7e\u6cbf\u5cb8\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e03\u4e2a\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u5bcc\u67e5\u4f0a\u62c9\u5219\u4f4d\u4e8e\u534a\u5c9b\u7684\u4e1c\u6d77\u5cb8\uff0c\u76f4\u901a\u963f\u66fc\u6e7e\u3002[83]\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6d77\u5cb8\u7531\u76d0\u6cbc\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5411\u5185\u9646\u5ef6\u4f388\u81f310\u516c\u91cc\uff085.0\u81f36.2\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u3002[84]\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5929\u7136\u6e2f\u53e3\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8fea\u62dc\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5728\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u3001\u6c99\u8fe6\u7b49\u5730\u4e5f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u758f\u6d5a\u4ee5\u5f00\u8f9f\u5176\u4ed6\u6e2f\u53e3\u3002[85]\u6ce2\u65af\u6e7e\u4e2d\u5206\u5e03\u7740\u4f17\u591a\u5c9b\u5c7f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c9b\u5c7f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u548c\u5361\u5854\u5c14\u56fd\u9645\u4e89\u7aef\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5c9b\u5c7f\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f17\u591a\u73ca\u745a\u7901\u548c\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u6c99\u6d32\u5bf9\u822a\u884c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u6f6e\u6c50\u548c\u5076\u5c14\u7684\u98ce\u66b4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u590d\u6742\u5316\u4e86\u9760\u8fd1\u6d77\u5cb8\u7684\u8239\u8236\u822a\u884c\u3002\u963f\u8054\u914b\u8fd8\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u9762\u5411\u963f\u66fc\u6e7e\u7684Al B\u0101\u0163inah\u6d77\u5cb8\u3002\u7a46\u6851\u8fbe\u59c6\u534a\u5c9b\uff0c\u5373\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u534a\u5c9b\u6700\u5c16\u7aef\u7684\u970d\u5c14\u6728\u5179\u6d77\u5ce1\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caMadha\u662f\u963f\u66fc\u7684\u98de\u5730\uff0c\u88ab\u963f\u8054\u914b\u9886\u571f\u6240\u5305\u56f4\u3002[86]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u56fe2-2\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

South and west of Abu Dhabi, vast, rolling sand dunes<\/a> merge into the Rub al-Khali<\/a> (Empty Quarter) of Saudi Arabia.[87]<\/a><\/sup> The desert area of Abu Dhabi includes two important oases with adequate underground water for permanent settlements and cultivation. The extensive Liwa Oasis<\/a> is in the south near the undefined border with Saudi Arabia. About 100 km (62 mi) to the northeast of Liwa is the Al-Buraimi<\/a> oasis, which extends on both sides of the Abu Dhabi-Oman border. Lake Zakher<\/a> in Al Ain is a human-made lake<\/a> near the border with Oman that was created from treated waste water.[88]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5728\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u7684\u5357\u9762\u548c\u897f\u9762\uff0c\u5e7f\u88a4\u65e0\u57a0\u3001\u8fde\u7ef5\u8d77\u4f0f\u7684\u6c99\u4e18\u4e0e\u6c99\u7279\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u7684\u9c81\u535c\u54c8\u5229\u6c99\u6f20\uff08\u7a7a\u65f7\u4e4b\u5730\uff09\u76f8\u8fde\u3002\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u7684\u6c99\u6f20\u5730\u533a\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7eff\u6d32\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7eff\u6d32\u62e5\u6709\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u5c45\u6c11\u70b9\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u79cd\u690d\u3002\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u5229\u74e6\u7eff\u6d32\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5357\u90e8\uff0c\u9760\u8fd1\u4e0e\u6c99\u7279\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u672a\u660e\u786e\u754c\u5b9a\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u8ddd\u79bb\u5229\u74e6\u5927\u7ea6100\u516c\u91cc\uff0862\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u7684\u4e1c\u5317\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u963f\u5c14\u5e03\u5c14\u9a6cimi\u7eff\u6d32\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7eff\u6d32\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e86\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u4e0e\u963f\u66fc\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u963f\u83b1\u56e0\u7684\u624e\u514b\u6e56\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9760\u8fd1\u963f\u66fc\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u7531\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7684\u5e9f\u6c34\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u6e56\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prior to withdrawing from the area in 1971, Britain delineated the internal borders among the seven emirates in order to preempt territorial disputes that might hamper formation of the federation. In general, the rulers of the emirates accepted the British interventions, but in the case of boundary disputes between Abu Dhabi and Dubai, and also between Dubai and Sharjah, conflicting claims were not resolved until after the UAE became independent. The most complicated borders were in the Western Hajar Mountains<\/a>, where five of the emirates contested jurisdiction over more than a dozen enclaves.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u53ef\u80fd\u59a8\u788d\u8054\u90a6\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u9886\u571f\u4e89\u7aef\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u57281971\u5e74\u64a4\u51fa\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e03\u4e2a\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u8fb9\u754c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5212\u5b9a\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5404\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u4e0e\u8fea\u62dc\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fea\u62dc\u4e0e\u6c99\u8fe6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u4e89\u8bae\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u76f4\u5230\u963f\u8054\u914b\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\u624d\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u6700\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u897f\u90e8\u54c8\u8d3e\u5c14\u5c71\u8109\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u6709\u4e94\u4e2a\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u5bf9\u5341\u51e0\u4e2a\u98de\u5730\u7684\u7ba1\u8f96\u6743\u5b58\u5728\u4e89\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1 \u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027 | Biodiversity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Main article: Wildlife of the United Arab Emirates<\/a>\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8054\u5408\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u7684\u91ce\u751f\u751f\u7269\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u56fe2-3\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

The UAE contains the following terrestrial ecoregions: Al Hajar montane woodlands<\/a> and shrublands, Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert<\/a>, and Al-Hajar foothill xeric woodlands and shrublands<\/a>.[89]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u963f\u8054\u914b\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9646\u5730\u751f\u6001\u533a\uff1a\u54c8\u8d3e\u5c14\u5c71\u8109\u6797\u5730\u548c\u704c\u4e1b\u3001\u963f\u66fc\u6e7e\u6c99\u6f20\u548c\u534a\u6c99\u6f20\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u54c8\u8d3e\u5c14\u5c71\u9e93\u65f1\u751f\u6797\u5730\u548c\u704c\u4e1b\u3002[89]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oases grow date palms<\/a>, acacia<\/a> and eucalyptus<\/a> trees. In the desert, the flora is very sparse and consists of grasses<\/a> and thorn bushes. The indigenous fauna had come close to extinction because of intensive hunting, which has led to a conservation program on Sir Bani Yas<\/a> Island initiated by Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan in the 1970s, resulting in the survival of, for example, Arabian Oryx<\/a>, Arabian camel<\/a> and leopards<\/a>. Coastal fish<\/a> and mammals<\/a> consist mainly of mackerel<\/a>, perch<\/a>, and tuna<\/a>, as well as sharks<\/a> and whales.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u7eff\u6d32\u4e2d\u79cd\u690d\u7740\u6930\u67a3\u6811\u3001\u91d1\u5408\u6b22\u6811\u548c\u6849\u6811\u3002\u5728\u6c99\u6f20\u5730\u5e26\uff0c\u690d\u88ab\u975e\u5e38\u7a00\u758f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u8349\u7c7b\u548c\u8346\u68d8\u704c\u6728\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fc7\u5ea6\u72e9\u730e\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u91ce\u751f\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u66fe\u63a5\u8fd1\u706d\u7edd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fc3\u4f7f\u8c22\u8d6b\u624e\u8036\u5fb7\u00b7\u672c\u00b7\u82cf\u4e39\u00b7\u963f\u52d2\u7eb3\u54c8\u626c\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u5728\u9521\u5c14\u73ed\u5c3c\u4e9a\u65af\u5c9b\u4e0a\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u4fdd\u62a4\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f8b\u5982\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u7f9a\u7f8a\u3001\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u9a86\u9a7c\u548c\u8c79\u7b49\u7269\u79cd\u5f97\u4ee5\u5e78\u5b58\u3002\u6cbf\u6d77\u9c7c\u7c7b\u548c\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u9cad\u9c7c\u3001\u9c88\u9c7c\u548c\u91d1\u67aa\u9c7c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ca8\u9c7c\u548c\u9cb8\u9c7c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 \u6c14\u5019 | Climate<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The climate of the UAE is subtropical-arid with hot summers and warm winters. The climate is categorized as desert climate. The hottest months are July and August, when average maximum temperatures reach above 45 \u00b0C (113 \u00b0F) on the coastal plain<\/a>. In the Hajar Mountains, temperatures are considerably lower, a result of increased elevation.[90]<\/a><\/sup> Average minimum temperatures in January and February are between 10 and 14 \u00b0C (50 and 57 \u00b0F).[91]<\/a><\/sup> During the late summer months, a humid southeastern wind known as Sharqi (i.e. “Easterner”) makes the coastal region especially unpleasant. The average annual rainfall in the coastal area is less than 120 mm (4.7 in), but in some mountainous areas annual rainfall often reaches 350 mm (13.8 in). Rain in the coastal region falls in short, torrential bursts during the winter months, sometimes resulting in floods in ordinarily dry wadi<\/a> beds.[92]<\/a><\/sup> The region is prone to occasional, violent dust storms<\/a>, which can severely reduce visibility.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u963f\u8054\u914b\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e9a\u70ed\u5e26\u5e72\u65f1\u6c14\u5019\uff0c\u590f\u5b63\u708e\u70ed\uff0c\u51ac\u5b63\u6e29\u6696\uff0c\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u6c99\u6f20\u6c14\u5019\u3002\u6700\u70ed\u7684\u6708\u4efd\u662f7\u6708\u548c8\u6708\uff0c\u6cbf\u6d77\u5e73\u539f\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6700\u9ad8\u6e29\u5ea6\u4f1a\u5347\u81f345\u00b0C\uff08113\u00b0F\uff09\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u5728\u54c8\u8d3e\u5c14\u5c71\u8109\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6d77\u62d4\u5347\u9ad8\uff0c\u6c14\u6e29\u660e\u663e\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002[90]1\u6708\u548c2\u6708\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6700\u4f4e\u6c14\u6e29\u572810\u523014\u00b0C\uff0850\u523057\u00b0F\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002[91]\u5728\u590f\u672b\u65f6\u8282\uff0c\u4e00\u80a1\u6765\u81ea\u4e1c\u5357\u65b9\u5411\u3001\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aSharqi\uff08\u610f\u5373\u201c\u4e1c\u65b9\u98ce\u201d\uff09\u7684\u6f6e\u6e7f\u5b63\u98ce\u4f1a\u4f7f\u6cbf\u6d77\u5730\u533a\u5c24\u4e3a\u4e0d\u9002\u3002\u6cbf\u6d77\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u964d\u96e8\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3120\u6beb\u7c73\uff084.7\u82f1\u5bf8\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c71\u533a\uff0c\u5e74\u964d\u96e8\u91cf\u5e38\u5e38\u8fbe\u5230350\u6beb\u7c73\uff0813.8\u82f1\u5bf8\uff09\u3002\u51ac\u5b63\uff0c\u6cbf\u6d77\u5730\u533a\u7684\u964d\u96e8\u6765\u5f97\u77ed\u4fc3\u800c\u731b\u70c8\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5e73\u65f6\u5e72\u6db8\u7684\u6cb3\u5e8a\u53d1\u751f\u6d2a\u6c34\u3002[92]\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u5076\u5c14\u4f1a\u906d\u53d7\u5267\u70c8\u7684\u6c99\u5c18\u66b4\u4fb5\u88ad\uff0c\u80fd\u89c1\u5ea6\u4f1a\u5927\u5e45\u964d\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On 28 December 2004, there was snow recorded in the UAE for the first time, in the Jebel Jais<\/a> mountain cluster in Ras al-Khaimah.[93]<\/a><\/sup> A few years later, there were more sightings of snow and hail.[94]<\/a>[95]<\/a><\/sup> The Jebel Jais mountain cluster has experienced snow only twice since records began.[96]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112004\u5e7412\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u963f\u8054\u914b\u9996\u6b21\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u964d\u96ea\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u62c9\u65af\u6d77\u9a6c\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u7684\u6770\u8d1d\u5c14\u00b7\u8d3e\u4f0a\u65af\u5c71\u8109\u3002[93]\u51e0\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u964d\u96ea\u548c\u51b0\u96f9\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002[94][95]\u81ea\u6c14\u8c61\u8bb0\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6770\u8d1d\u5c14\u00b7\u8d3e\u4f0a\u65af\u5c71\u533a\u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u4e24\u6b21\u964d\u96ea\u60c5\u51b5\u3002[96]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u653f\u6cbb | Government and politics<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Main article: Politics of the United Arab Emirates<\/a>\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8054\u5408\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8054\u5408\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u4eba\u6743<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\u56fe3-01\u548c3-02\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u963f\u8054\u914b\u91c7\u7528\u8054\u90a6\u5236<\/a>\u3002\u963f\u8054\u914b\u6700\u9ad8\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7531\u4e03\u4e2a\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u7684\u914b\u957f\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u4ea7\u751f\u603b\u7edf<\/a>\u3001\u526f\u603b\u7edf<\/a>\u3001\u603b\u7406<\/a>\u3001\u5185\u9601\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a<\/a>\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u670940\u540d\u4ece\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u843d\u6765\u7684\u6210\u5458\u7ec4\u6210\u8054\u90a6\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bae\u4f1a\u590d\u5ba1\u88ab\u63d0\u8bae\u7684\u6cd5\u6848\u3002\u963f\u8054\u914b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u5ead<\/a>\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c5\u4e2a\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u53c2\u52a0\uff08\u8fea\u62dc<\/a>\u548c\u54c8\u4f0a\u9a6c\u89d2<\/a>\u9664\u5916\uff09\u3002\u6240\u6709\u914b\u957f\u90e8\u843d\u8fd8\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u548c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6c11\u4e8b\u3001\u5211\u4e8b\u548c\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u3002\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4ece\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u4e2d\u9009\u51fa\u8054\u90a6\u603b\u7edf\u548c\u526f\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u4efb\u671f5\u5e74\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fde\u4efb\u9650\u5236\u3002\u603b\u7edf\u517c\u4efb\u6b66\u88c5\u90e8\u961f<\/a>\u603b\u53f8\u4ee4\u3002\u5386\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u7531\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u914b\u957f<\/a>\u51fa\u4efb\uff0c\u526f\u603b\u7edf\u517c\u603b\u7406\u5219\u7531\u8fea\u62dc\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u914b\u957f<\/a>\u51fa\u4efb\u3002\u9664\u5916\u4ea4\u548c\u56fd\u9632\u76f8\u5bf9\u7edf\u4e00\u5916\uff0c\u5404\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u3002\u8054\u90a6\u7ecf\u8d39\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u7531\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u548c\u8fea\u62dc\u4e24\u4e2a\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u627f\u62c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The United Arab Emirates is an authoritarian federal monarchy<\/a>.[97]<\/a>[98]<\/a>[99]<\/a>[100]<\/a><\/sup> According to The New York Times<\/a><\/em>, the UAE is “an autocracy with the sheen of a progressive, modern state”.[101]<\/a><\/sup> The UAE has been described as a “tribal autocracy” where the seven constituent monarchies are led by tribal rulers in an autocratic fashion.[102]<\/a><\/sup> There are no democratically elected institutions, and there is no formal commitment to free speech.[103]<\/a><\/sup> According to human rights organisations, there are systematic human rights violations, including the torture and forced disappearance of government critics.[103]<\/a><\/sup> The UAE ranks poorly in freedom indices<\/a> measuring civil liberties<\/a> and political rights<\/a>. The UAE is annually ranked as “Not Free” in Freedom House<\/a>‘s annual Freedom in the World<\/a><\/em> report, which measures civil liberties and political rights.[104]<\/a><\/sup> The UAE also ranks poorly in the annual Reporters without Borders<\/a>‘ Press Freedom Index<\/a>. Bertelsmann transformation Index describes the UAE as a “moderate monarchy”. The country got ranked 91 out of 137 states and is far below the average scoring for development towards a democracy.[105]<\/a><\/sup> According to the V-Dem Democracy indices<\/a> United Arab Emirates is 2023 the third least electoral democratic country in the Middle East<\/a>.[106]<\/a><\/sup>
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3.1 \u653f\u5e9c | Government<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The United Arab Emirates is a federal<\/a> constitutional monarchy<\/a> made up from a federation of seven hereditary<\/a> tribal monarchy<\/a>-styled political units called Sheikhdoms<\/a>. It is governed by a Federal Supreme Council<\/a> made up of the ruling Sheikhs of Abu Dhabi<\/a>, Ajman<\/a>, Fujairah<\/a>, Sharjah<\/a>, Dubai<\/a>, Ras al-Khaimah<\/a> and Umm al-Quwain<\/a>. All responsibilities not granted to the federal government are reserved to the individual emirate.[107]<\/a><\/sup> A percentage[quantify<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup> of revenues from each emirate is allocated to the UAE’s central budget.[108]<\/a><\/sup>
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The UAE uses the title Sheikh<\/a> instead of Emir<\/a> to refer to the rulers of individual emirates. The title is used due to the sheikhdom<\/a> styled governing system in adherence to the culture of tribes of Arabia<\/a>, where Sheikh means leader, elder, or the tribal chief of the clan who partakes in shared decision making with his followers. The president<\/a> and vice president<\/a> are elected by the Federal Supreme Council<\/a>. Usually, the Head of the Al Nahyan<\/a> family, who are based in Abu Dhabi, holds the presidency and the Head of the Al Maktoum<\/a> family, based in Dubai, the prime ministership. All prime ministers but one have served concurrently as vice president. The federal government is composed of three branches:
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