{"id":3153,"date":"2024-05-23T13:30:23","date_gmt":"2024-05-23T05:30:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=3153"},"modified":"2026-06-05T17:28:13","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T09:28:13","slug":"general-motors-zhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2024\/05\/23\/general-motors-zhen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66 \/ General Motors(GM) – \u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u878d\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>
\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>
\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u5e76\u8865\u5145\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5728\u4e8c\u8005\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u665a\u66f4\u65b0\u8005\u4e3a\u51c6\uff09\u3002\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5408\u89c4\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u4e0a\u4f20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff08Wikipedia\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8bd1\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u3002
\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\u8fbd\u89c2\u6240\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e00\u9053\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167\u7248\u672c<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u548c\u89c6\u9891\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

A \u6b63\u6587<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A1 \u4e3b\u4f53\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u4e13\u680f\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u6982\u8ff0\u3001\u5386\u53f2\uff09\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u54c1\u724c\u3001\u8d22\u52a1\u7ed3\u679c\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u80a1\u4e1c\u3001\u6148\u5584\u4e8b\u4e1a\u3001\u52b3\u5de5\u3001\u4e89\u8bae\uff09\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A2 \u4e0d\u4fbf\u5916\u53d1\u7684\u90e8\u5206<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

7. \u52b3\u5de5\u51b2\u7a81 | Labor conflicts<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

General Motors’ American workers are unionized generally under the United Auto Workers<\/a> (UAW), the primary labor union representing automotive workers in the United States.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u7f8e\u56fd\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u5168\u7f8e\u6c7d\u8f66\u5de5\u4eba\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\uff08UAW\uff09\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5de5\u4f1a\uff0c\u8be5\u5de5\u4f1a\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u6c7d\u8f66\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u52b3\u5de5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7.1 \u5f17\u6797\u7279\u9759\u5750\u7f62\u5de5<\/strong> | Flint sit-down strike<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Main article: Flint sit-down strike<\/a>\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u5f17\u6797\u7279\u9759\u5750\u7f62\u5de5\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\u56fe7-1\u548c7-2\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

The 1936\u20131937 Flint sit-down strike<\/a> against General Motors changed the UAW from a collection of isolated local unions<\/a> on the fringes of the industry into a major labor union<\/a> and led to the unionization of the domestic United States automobile industry<\/a>.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111936\u5e74\u81f31937\u5e74\u9488\u5bf9\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5f17\u6797\u7279\u9759\u5750\u7f62\u5de5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5168\u7f8e\u6c7d\u8f66\u5de5\u4eba\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\uff08UAW\uff09\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5904\u4e8e\u884c\u4e1a\u8fb9\u7f18\u3001\u7531\u4f17\u591a\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5de5\u4f1a\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u677e\u6563\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u8715\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u6c7d\u8f66\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u5168\u9762\u5de5\u4f1a\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the first convention of UAW in 1936, the union decided that it could not survive by piecemeal organizing<\/a> campaigns at smaller plants, as it had in the past, but that it could organize the automobile industry only by going after its biggest and most powerful employer, General Motors, focusing on GM’s production complex in Flint, Michigan.
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Organizing in Flint was a difficult and dangerous plan. GM controlled city politics in Flint and kept a close eye on outsiders. According to Wyndham Mortimer<\/a>, the UAW officer put in charge of the organizing campaign in Flint, he received a death threat by an anonymous caller when he visited Flint in 1936. GM also maintained an extensive network of spies throughout its plants. This forced UAW members to keep the names of new members secret and meeting workers at their homes.
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As the UAW studied its target, it discovered that GM had only two factories that produced the dies<\/a> from which car body components were stamped: one in Flint that produced the parts for Buicks<\/a>, Pontiacs<\/a>, and Oldsmobiles<\/a>, and another in Cleveland<\/a> that produced Chevrolet<\/a> parts.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u968f\u7740UAW\u5bf9\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u4ec5\u6709\u4e24\u5bb6\u5de5\u5382\u8d1f\u8d23\u751f\u4ea7\u7528\u4e8e\u51b2\u538b\u8f66\u8eab\u96f6\u90e8\u4ef6\u7684\u6a21\u5177\uff1a\u4e00\u5bb6\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5f17\u6797\u7279\uff0c\u4e3a\u522b\u514b\uff08Buick\uff09\u3001\u5e9e\u8482\u4e9a\u514b\uff08Pontiac\uff09\u548c\u5965\u5179\u83ab\u6bd4\u5c14\uff08Oldsmobile\uff09\u751f\u4ea7\u96f6\u90e8\u4ef6\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u5bb6\u5219\u4f4d\u4e8e\u514b\u5229\u592b\u5170\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u751f\u4ea7\u96ea\u4f5b\u5170\uff08Chevrolet\uff09\u7684\u96f6\u90e8\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the UAW called for a sit-down strike in Flint, the police, armed with guns and tear gas, attempted to enter the Fisher Body 2 plant on January 11, 1937. The strikers inside the plant pelted them with hinges, bottles, and bolts. At the time, Vice President<\/a> John Nance Garner<\/a> supported federal intervention to break up the Flint Strike, but this idea was rejected by President<\/a> Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/a>. The president urged GM to distinguish a union so the plants could re-open. The strike ended after 44 days.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5f53\u5168\u7f8e\u6c7d\u8f66\u5de5\u4eba\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\uff08UAW\uff09\u5728\u5f17\u6797\u7279\u53d1\u8d77\u9759\u5750\u7f62\u5de5\u65f6\uff0c1937\u5e741\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u8b66\u65b9\u5168\u526f\u6b66\u88c5\uff0c\u5e26\u7740\u67aa\u652f\u548c\u50ac\u6cea\u74e6\u65af\u8bd5\u56fe\u5f3a\u884c\u8fdb\u5165\u8d39\u820d\u5c14\u8f66\u8eab2\u53f7\u5de5\u5382\u3002\u8eb2\u5728\u5de5\u5382\u5185\u7684\u7f62\u5de5\u8005\u7528\u94f0\u94fe\u3001\u74f6\u5b50\u548c\u87ba\u6813\u7b49\u7269\u54c1\u5411\u8b66\u65b9\u731b\u70c8\u6295\u63b7\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u526f\u603b\u7edf\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5357\u65af\u00b7\u52a0\u7eb3\u652f\u6301\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u51fa\u9762\u5e72\u9884\u4ee5\u74e6\u89e3\u5f17\u6797\u7279\u7f62\u5de5\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u63d0\u8bae\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u00b7D\u00b7\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u6566\u4fc3\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u516c\u53f8\u627f\u8ba4\u5de5\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5de5\u5382\u80fd\u591f\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u5de5\u3002\u8fd9\u573a\u7f62\u5de5\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u4e8644\u5929\u540e\u5ba3\u544a\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That development forced GM to bargain with the union. John L. Lewis<\/a>, President of the United Mine Workers<\/a> and founder and leader of the Congress of Industrial Organizations, spoke for the UAW in those negotiations; UAW President Homer Martin<\/a> was sent on a speaking tour to keep him out of the way. GM’s representatives refused to be in the same room as the UAW, so Governor Frank Murphy<\/a> acted as a courier and intermediary<\/a> between the two groups. Governor Murphy sent in the U.S. National Guard<\/a> not to evict the strikers but rather to protect them from the police and corporate strike-breakers<\/a>. The two parties finally reached an agreement on February 11, 1937, on a one-page agreement that recognized the UAW as the exclusive bargaining representative for GM’s employees, who were union members for the next six months.[246]<\/a><\/sup>
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7.2 1939\u5e74\u6a21\u5177\u4e0e\u5de5\u5177\u5de5\u4eba\u5927\u7f62\u5de5<\/strong> | Tool and die strike of 1939<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Main article: Tool and die strike of 1939<\/a>\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a1939\u5e74\u6a21\u5177\u4e0e\u5de5\u5177\u5de5\u4eba\u5927\u7f62\u5de5\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The tool and die strike of 1939<\/a>, also known as the “strategy strike”, was an ultimately successful attempt by the UAW to be recognized as the sole representative for General Motors workers. In addition to representation rights, the UAW, working jointly with the Congress of Industrial Organizations<\/a> (CIO), sought to resolve existing grievances of skilled workers.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111939\u5e74\u7684\u8fd9\u573a\u6a21\u5177\u4e0e\u5de5\u5177\u5de5\u4eba\u5927\u7f62\u5de5\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7b56\u7565\u6027\u7f62\u5de5\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u5168\u7f8e\u6c7d\u8f66\u5de5\u4eba\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\uff08UAW\uff09\u4e3a\u4e89\u53d6\u6210\u4e3a\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u5458\u5de5\u552f\u4e00\u4ee3\u8868\u800c\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u6700\u7ec8\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4e89\u53d6\u4ee3\u8868\u6743\u4e4b\u5916\uff0cUAW\u8fd8\u4e0e\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5de5\u4f1a\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\uff08CIO\uff09\u8054\u624b\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u6280\u672f\u5de5\u4eba\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u5404\u9879\u52b3\u8d44\u8bc9\u6c42\uff08\u6216\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7.3 \u5168\u7f8e\u6c7d\u8f66\u5de5\u4eba\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\uff08UAW\uff091945\u20131946\u5e74\u5927\u7f62\u5de5<\/strong> | United Auto Workers (UAW) strike of 1945\u20131946<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Main article: 1945-46 United Auto Workers strike<\/a>\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a1945-46\u5e74\u5168\u7f8e\u6c7d\u8f66\u5de5\u4eba\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u7f62\u5de5\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

From November 21, 1945, until March 13, 1946, (113 days) the UAW organized “320,000 hourly workers” to form a US-wide strike against the General Motors Corporation<\/a>, workers used the tactic of the sit down strike<\/a>.[247]<\/a><\/sup> It was “the longest strike against a major manufacturer” that the UAW had yet seen, and it was also “the longest national GM strike in its history”.[247]<\/a><\/sup> As director of the UAW’s General Motors Department (coordinator of union relations with GM),[248]<\/a><\/sup> Walter Reuther<\/a> suggested to his colleagues the idea of striking the GM manufacturing plants with a ‘one-at-a-time’ strategy, which was “intended to maximize pressure on the target company”.[247]<\/a><\/sup> Reuther also put forth the demands of the strikers: a 30 percent increase in wages and a hold on product prices. However, the strike ended with the dissatisfaction of Walter Reuther and the UAW, and the workers received only a 17.5-percent increase in wages.
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7.4 2007\u5e74\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u5927\u7f62\u5de5<\/strong> | 2007 General Motors strike<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Main article: 2007 General Motors strike<\/a>\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a2007\u5e74\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u7f62\u5de5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The 2007 General Motors strike<\/a> was a strike from September 24 to 26, 2007, by the UAW against General Motors.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112007\u5e74\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u7f62\u5de5\u662f\u5168\u7f8e\u6c7d\u8f66\u5de5\u4eba\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\uff08UAW\uff09\u4e8e2007\u5e749\u670824\u65e5\u81f326\u65e5\u671f\u95f4\u9488\u5bf9\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u7f62\u5de5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On September 24, 2007, General Motors workers represented by the UAW union went on strike against the company. The first US-wide strike against GM since 1970 was expected to idle 59 plants and facilities for an indefinite period of time. Talks broke down after more than 20 straight days of bargaining failed to produce a new contract. Major issues that proved to be stumbling blocks for an agreement included wages, benefits, job security and investments in US facilities.[249]<\/a>[250]<\/a>[251]<\/a><\/sup>
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Two car assembly plants in Oshawa, Ontario<\/a> and a transmission facility in Windsor<\/a> closed on September 25. However, on September 26, a tentative agreement was reached, and the strike’s end was announced by UAW officials in a news conference at 4 a.m.[252]<\/a><\/sup> By the following day, all GM workers in both countries were back to work.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30119\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5b89\u5927\u7565\u7701\u5965\u6c99\u74e6\u7684\u4e24\u5bb6\u6c7d\u8f66\u88c5\u914d\u5382\u548c\u6e29\u838e\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u53d8\u901f\u7bb1\u5de5\u5382\u88ab\u8feb\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5230\u4e869\u670826\u65e5\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u521d\u6b65\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5168\u7f8e\u6c7d\u8f66\u5de5\u4eba\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u5728\u51cc\u66684\u70b9\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u53d1\u5e03\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5ba3\u5e03\u7f62\u5de5\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u7684\u6240\u6709\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u5458\u5de5\u5747\u5df2\u5168\u9762\u590d\u5de5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7.5 2019\u5e74\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u5927\u7f62\u5de5<\/strong> | 2019 General Motors strike<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Main article: 2019 General Motors strike<\/a>\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a2019\u5e74\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u7f62\u5de5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

On September 15, 2019, after talks broke down to renew their contract, which expired earlier that day, the UAW announced that GM employees would begin striking at 11:59 pm.[253]<\/a><\/sup> This strike shut down operations in nine states, including 33 manufacturing plants and 22 parts distribution warehouses.[254]<\/a><\/sup> After 40 days, on October 25, 2019, the “longest strike by autoworkers in a decade” and the longest against GM since 1970 came to an end when United Auto Workers members voted to approve a new contract with GM. Striking labor union<\/a> members received a $275 a week strike pay salary for the duration of the strike.[255]<\/a><\/sup> The strike cost GM more than $2 billion.
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7.6 2023\u5e74\u5168\u7f8e\u6c7d\u8f66\u5de5\u4eba\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u5927\u7f62\u5de5<\/strong> | 2023 United Auto Workers strike<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Main article: 2023 United Auto Workers strike<\/a>\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a2023\u5e74\u5168\u7f8e\u6c7d\u8f66\u5de5\u4eba\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u7f62\u5de5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The 2023 strike launched by the UAW was the first strike against all three major American automakers in history. Then-recently elected UAW president Shawn Fain<\/a> stated that he was “fed up” with the current situation between workers and automakers; Fain specifically blasted the tiered workers system at automakers, failure for automakers to keep wages up with inflation, pensions, as well as the introduction of a four-day workweek<\/a> as opposed to the five-day workweek. GM CEO Mary Barra<\/a> protested that her company offered an “unprecedented deal” which gave workers 20% raises as well as “world-class” healthcare. Barra further stated that meeting all 1,000 plus demands would bankrupt the company and cost over $100 billion.[256]<\/a>[257]<\/a><\/sup>
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8. \u4e89\u8bae | Controversies<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
8.1 \u53cd\u5bf9\u73af\u4fdd\u7acb\u6cd5<\/strong> | Opposition to environmental legislation<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

General Motors has sought to influence the US and Canadian governments to weaken or remove environmental regulations governing its products in 2025. General Motors supported a Senate vote to repeal the California Air Resources Board<\/a>‘s Advanced Clean Cars II[258]<\/a><\/sup> regulation in May 2025, which would require the company to sell an increasing amount of zero-emissions vehicles in participating US states.[259]<\/a>[260]<\/a><\/sup> General Motors is reported to have encouraged employees to privately lobby US senators to oppose the rule,[261]<\/a><\/sup> and supported the Transportation Freedom Act,[262]<\/a><\/sup> a bill that would repeal the Advanced Clean Cars II rule in March 2025.[263]<\/a><\/sup> In Canada, General Motors Canada<\/a> signed a joint letter issued to Prime Minister Carney requesting the government abandon the Electric Vehicle Availability Standard.[264]<\/a>[265]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112025\u5e74\uff0c\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u8bd5\u56fe\u5f71\u54cd\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4ee5\u524a\u5f31\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u9488\u5bf9\u5176\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u73af\u4fdd\u6cd5\u89c4\u30022025\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u652f\u6301\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u6295\u7968\u5e9f\u9664\u52a0\u5dde\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d44\u6e90\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08CARB\uff09\u7684\u300a\u5148\u8fdb\u6e05\u6d01\u6c7d\u8f66II\u300b\uff08ACC II\uff09\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u89c4\u8981\u6c42\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5404\u5dde\u9500\u552e\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u96f6\u6392\u653e\u8f66\u8f86\u3002\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u66fe\u9f13\u52b1\u5458\u5de5\u79c1\u4e0b\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u8fdb\u884c\u6e38\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53cd\u5bf9\u8be5\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u57282025\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u300a\u4ea4\u901a\u8fd0\u8f93\u81ea\u7531\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Transportation Freedom Act\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u65e8\u5728\u5e9f\u9664\u300a\u5148\u8fdb\u6e05\u6d01\u6c7d\u8f66II\u300b\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u4e00\u5c01\u81f4\u603b\u7406\u5361\u5c3c\uff08Carney\uff09\u7684\u8054\u540d\u4fe1\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u653f\u5e9c\u653e\u5f03\u201c\u7535\u52a8\u6c7d\u8f66\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u6807\u51c6\u201d\uff08Electric Vehicle Availability Standard\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

General Motors is a member of multiple industry associations that have opposed environmental regulations, such as the Alliance for Automotive Innovation<\/a>,[266]<\/a><\/sup> the US Chamber of Commerce<\/a>,[267]<\/a><\/sup> the Truck and Engine Manufacturers Association,[268]<\/a><\/sup> and the Business Roundtable<\/a>,[269]<\/a><\/sup> where GM’s CEO Mary Barra is a board member.[270]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u662f\u591a\u4e2a\u53cd\u5bf9\u73af\u4fdd\u6cd5\u89c4\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c7d\u8f66\u521b\u65b0\u8054\u76df\uff08Alliance for Automotive Innovation\uff09\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u5546\u4f1a\uff08US Chamber of Commerce\uff09\u3001\u5361\u8f66\u548c\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u5236\u9020\u5546\u534f\u4f1a\uff08Truck and Engine Manufacturers Association\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5546\u4e1a\u5706\u684c\u4f1a\u8bae\uff08Business Roundtable\uff0c\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u9996\u5e2d\u6267\u884c\u5b98\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u535a\u62c9\u62c5\u4efb\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8.2 \u6709\u8f68\u7535\u8f66\u9634\u8c0b<\/strong> | Streetcar conspiracy<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Main article: General Motors streetcar conspiracy<\/a>\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u6709\u8f68\u7535\u8f66\u9634\u8c0b\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 1938 and 1950, GM allegedly deliberately monopolized the sale of buses and supplies to National City Lines<\/a> (NCL) and its subsidiaries, in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890<\/a>, intending to dismantle streetcar<\/a> systems in many cities in the United States and make buses, sold by GM, the dominant form of public transport<\/a>.[citation needed<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u636e\u79f0\uff0c\u57281938\u5e74\u81f31950\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u6545\u610f\u5784\u65ad\u4e86\u5411\u56fd\u5bb6\u57ce\u5e02\u7ebf\u8def\u516c\u53f8\uff08NCL\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u5b50\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5ba2\u8f66\u548c\u7269\u8d44\u9500\u552e\u3002\u6b64\u4e3e\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u300a1890\u5e74\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc\u53cd\u6258\u62c9\u65af\u6cd5\u300b\uff08Sherman Antitrust Act\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u62c6\u9664\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bb8\u591a\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6709\u8f68\u7535\u8f66\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u9500\u552e\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6c7d\u8f66\u6210\u4e3a\u516c\u5171\u4ea4\u901a\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002[\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u8bc1]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8.3 \u62c9\u5c14\u592b\u00b7\u7eb3\u5fb7\u4e0e\u96ea\u4f5b\u5170\u514b\u7ef4\u5c14<\/strong> | Ralph Nader and the Corvair<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Main article: Unsafe at Any Speed: The Designed-In Dangers of the American Automobile<\/a><\/em>
\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u300a\u4efb\u4f55\u901f\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5371\u9669\u300b\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unsafe at Any Speed: The Designed-In Dangers of the American Automobile<\/a><\/em> by Ralph Nader<\/a>, published in 1965, is a book accusing car manufacturers<\/a> of being slow to introduce safety<\/a> features and reluctant to spend money on improving safety. It relates to the first models of the Chevrolet Corvair<\/a> (1960\u20131964) that had a swing axle<\/a> suspension design that was prone to ‘tuck under’ in certain circumstances. To compensate for the removal of a front stabilizer bar (anti-roll bar) as a cost-cutting measure, Corvairs required tire<\/a> pressures that were outside of the tire manufacturer’s recommended tolerances. The Corvair relied on an unusually high front to rear pressure differential (15 psi front, 26 psi rear, when cold; 18 psi and 30 psi hot), and if one inflated the tires equally, as was standard practice for all other cars at the time, the result was dangerous over-steer.[271]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u7531\u62c9\u5c14\u592b\u00b7\u7eb3\u5fb7\uff08Ralph Nader\uff09\u4e8e1965\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u4efb\u4f55\u901f\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5371\u9669\u300b\uff0c\u6307\u8d23\u6c7d\u8f66\u5236\u9020\u5546\u5728\u5f15\u5165\u5b89\u5168\u529f\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u884c\u52a8\u8fdf\u7f13\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u613f\u82b1\u94b1\u63d0\u5347\u8f66\u8f86\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u96ea\u4f5b\u5170\u514b\u7ef4\u5c14\uff081960-1964\u5e74\u6b3e\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f66\u578b\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u6446\u52a8\u8f74\u60ac\u67b6\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u751f\u201c\u5185\u7f29\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u524a\u51cf\u6210\u672c\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u8be5\u8f66\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u524d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6746\uff08\u9632\u503e\u6746\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f25\u8865\u8fd9\u4e00\u6539\u52a8\uff0c\u514b\u7ef4\u5c14\u8981\u6c42\u8f6e\u80ce\u6c14\u538b\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u8d85\u51fa\u8f6e\u80ce\u5236\u9020\u5546\u5efa\u8bae\u516c\u5dee\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u8fd9\u6b3e\u8f66\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u524d\u540e\u8f6e\u80ce\u538b\u5dee\u5f02\u5e38\u504f\u9ad8\uff08\u51b7\u8f66\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u4e3a\u524d\u8f6e15 psi\u3001\u540e\u8f6e26 psi\uff1b\u70ed\u8f66\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u4e3a\u524d\u8f6e18 psi\u3001\u540e\u8f6e30 psi\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6309\u7167\u5f53\u65f6\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u505a\u6cd5\u5c06\u56db\u4e2a\u8f6e\u80ce\u5145\u5165\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6c14\u538b\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5371\u9669\u7684\u8f6c\u5411\u8fc7\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In early March 1966, several media outlets, including The New Republic<\/a><\/em> and The New York Times<\/a><\/em>, reported that GM had tried to discredit Ralph Nader<\/a>, hiring private detectives to tap his phones and investigate his past, and hiring prostitutes to trap him in compromising situations.[272]<\/a>[273]<\/a><\/sup> Nader sued the company for invasion of privacy<\/a> and settled the case for $425,000. Nader’s lawsuit against GM was ultimately decided by the New York Court of Appeals<\/a>, whose opinion in the case expanded tort law<\/a> to cover “overzealous surveillance”.[274]<\/a><\/sup> Nader used the proceeds from the lawsuit to start the pro-consumer Center for Study of Responsive Law.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111966\u5e743\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u65b0\u5171\u548c\u300b\u548c\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u5728\u5185\u7684\u591a\u5bb6\u5a92\u4f53\u62a5\u9053\u79f0\uff0c\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u8bd5\u56fe\u62b9\u9ed1\u62c9\u5c14\u592b\u00b7\u7eb3\u5fb7\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u96c7\u4f63\u79c1\u5bb6\u4fa6\u63a2\u7a83\u542c\u4ed6\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u5e76\u8c03\u67e5\u4ed6\u7684\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u8fd8\u96c7\u4f63\u5993\u5973\u8bbe\u5c40\u8ba9\u4ed6\u9677\u5165\u8eab\u8d25\u540d\u88c2\u7684\u5883\u5730\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u7eb3\u5fb7\u4ee5\u201c\u4fb5\u72af\u9690\u79c1\u201d\u4e3a\u7531\u5c06\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u544a\u4e0a\u6cd5\u5ead\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u53cc\u65b9\u4ee542.5\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u8fbe\u6210\u548c\u89e3\u3002\u7eb3\u5fb7\u8d77\u8bc9\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u6700\u7ec8\u7531\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5dde\u4e0a\u8bc9\u6cd5\u9662\u4f5c\u51fa\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u5224\u51b3\u610f\u89c1\u4e2d\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u4fb5\u6743\u6cd5\u7684\u9002\u7528\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u76d1\u89c6\u201d\u4e5f\u7eb3\u5165\u4e86\u7ba1\u8f96\u8303\u7574\u3002\u4e8b\u540e\uff0c\u7eb3\u5fb7\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u7b14\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8d54\u507f\u91d1\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u4eb2\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u201c\u8d23\u4efb\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\uff08Center for Study of Responsive Law\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A 1972 safety commission report conducted by Texas A&M University<\/a> concluded that the 1960\u20131963 Corvair possessed no greater potential for loss of control than its contemporary competitors in extreme situations.[275]<\/a><\/sup> The United States Department of Transportation<\/a> (DOT) issued a press release in 1972 describing the findings of NHTSA<\/a> testing from the previous year. NHTSA conducted a series of comparative tests in 1971 studying the handling of the 1963 Corvair and four contemporary cars \u2013 a Ford Falcon<\/a>, Plymouth Valiant<\/a>, Volkswagen Beetle<\/a>, and Renault Dauphine<\/a> \u2013 along with a second-generation Corvair (with its completely redesigned, independent rear suspension). The 143-page report reviewed NHTSA’s extreme-condition handling tests, national crash-involvement data for the cars in the test as well as General Motors’ internal documentation regarding the Corvair’s handling.[276]<\/a><\/sup>
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In 1980, former GM executive John DeLorean<\/a> wrote in his book On a Clear Day You Can See General Motors<\/em> that Nader’s criticisms were valid.[277]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111980\u5e74\uff0c\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u524d\u9ad8\u7ba1\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5fb7\u7f57\u5b81\uff08John DeLorean\uff09\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u6674\u65e5\u91cc\u53c8\u89c1\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u300b\uff08On a Clear Day You Can See General Motors<\/em>\uff09\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u7eb3\u5fb7\uff08Nader\uff09\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Journalist David E. Davis<\/a> said that despite Nader’s claim that swing-axle rear suspension were dangerous, Porsche<\/a>, Mercedes-Benz<\/a>, and Volkswagen<\/a> all used similar swing-axle concepts during that era.[278]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8bb0\u8005\u5927\u536b\u00b7E\u00b7\u6234\u7ef4\u65af\uff08David E. Davis\uff09\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7eb3\u5fb7\u58f0\u79f0\u6446\u52a8\u8f74\u540e\u60ac\u67b6\u5b58\u5728\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fdd\u65f6\u6377\u3001\u6885\u8d5b\u5fb7\u65af-\u5954\u9a70\u548c\u5927\u4f17\u6c7d\u8f66\u90fd\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6446\u52a8\u8f74\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8.4 \u9ea6\u5409\u8bc9\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u516c\u53f8\u6848<\/strong> | Mcgee v. General Motors Corp.<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

This section is an excerpt from Mcgee v. General Motors Corp.<\/a>.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u672c\u6bb5\u5185\u5bb9\u6458\u81ea\u201c\u9ea6\u5409\u8bc9\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u516c\u53f8\u6848\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

McGee v. General Motors<\/em><\/a> was a 1998 court case<\/a> in which the jury awarded plaintiffs Robert and Connie McGee $60 million.[279]<\/a><\/sup> The trial revealed hidden information about a General Motors fuel tank design. General Motors (GM) was alleged to have sacrificed vehicle safety measures in favor of additional profit.[279]<\/a><\/sup> This case was featured on CNN<\/a>, 60 Minutes<\/a><\/em>, The New York Times<\/a><\/em>, and USA Today<\/a><\/em>.[279]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u201c\u9ea6\u5409\u8bc9\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u6848\u201d\u662f1998\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u8d77\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u6700\u7ec8\u88c1\u5b9a\u539f\u544a\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u9ea6\u5409\uff08Robert McGee\uff09\u548c\u5eb7\u59ae\u00b7\u9ea6\u5409\uff08Connie McGee\uff09\u80dc\u8bc9\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u8d546000\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u5ead\u5ba1\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u71c3\u6cb9\u7bb1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u9690\u7792\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u539f\u544a\u65b9\u6307\u63a7\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u5229\u6da6\u800c\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u8f66\u8f86\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u8fd9\u8d77\u6848\u4ef6\u66fe\u53d7\u5230CNN\u3001\u300a60\u5206\u949f\u300b\uff0860 Minutes\uff09\u3001\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u4eca\u65e5\u7f8e\u56fd\u300b\uff08USA Today\uff09\u7b49\u591a\u5bb6\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u4e0e\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8.5 \u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u5236\u5ea6<\/strong> | Apartheid<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

In 2002, GM (along with other multinational corporations) was sued by a group of South Africans represented by the Khulumani Support Group<\/a>.[280]<\/a><\/sup> The plaintiffs alleged that the company provided vehicles to the South African security forces during the Apartheid<\/a>. The company settled with the plaintiffs in 2012, agreeing to pay a sum of up to $1.5 million.[281]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112002\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u201c\u5e93\u5362\u9a6c\u5c3c\u652f\u6301\u5c0f\u7ec4\u201d\uff08Khulumani Support Group\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\u5357\u975e\u4eba\u8d77\u8bc9\u4e86\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\uff08GM\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u539f\u544a\u6307\u63a7\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u65f6\u671f\u66fe\u5411\u5357\u975e\u5b89\u5168\u90e8\u961f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f66\u8f86\u30022012\u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u4e0e\u539f\u544a\u8fbe\u6210\u548c\u89e3\uff0c\u540c\u610f\u652f\u4ed8\u6700\u9ad8\u8fbe150\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u8d54\u507f\u91d1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8.6 \u70b9\u706b\u5f00\u5173\u53ec\u56de\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/strong> | Ignition switch recall<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Main article: General Motors ignition switch recalls<\/a>\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u70b9\u706b\u5f00\u5173\u53ec\u56de\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In May 2014, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration<\/a> fined the company $35 million for failing to recall cars with faulty ignition switches for a decade, despite knowing there was a problem with the switches. There were 124 deaths linked to General Motors’ deliberate failure to recall the cars, and the company paid compensation as a result:[282]<\/a><\/sup> the $35 million fine was the maximum the regulator could impose.[283]<\/a><\/sup> The total cost of the recall was estimated to be $1.5 billion.[144]<\/a><\/sup> As well as the Cobalts<\/a>, the switches of concern had been installed in many other cars, such as the Pontiac G5<\/a>, the Saturn Ion<\/a>, the Chevrolet HHR<\/a>, the Saturn Sky<\/a>, and Pontiac Solstice<\/a>. The recall involved about 2.6 million GM cars worldwide.[284]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112014\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u8def\u4ea4\u901a\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\uff08NHTSA\uff09\u5bf9\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u5904\u4ee53500\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u7f5a\u6b3e\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u5728\u660e\u77e5\u70b9\u706b\u5f00\u5173\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u957f\u8fbe\u5341\u5e74\u672a\u80fd\u53ec\u56de\u88c5\u6709\u6545\u969c\u70b9\u706b\u5f00\u5173\u7684\u8f66\u8f86\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u84c4\u610f\u9690\u7792\u5e76\u62d2\u7edd\u53ec\u56de\uff0c\u8be5\u7f3a\u9677\u5171\u5bfc\u81f4124\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u652f\u4ed8\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8d54\u507f\u91d1\uff1a\u8fd93500\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u662f\u8be5\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u6240\u80fd\u5f00\u51fa\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u7f5a\u6b3e\u91d1\u989d\u3002\u6b64\u6b21\u53ec\u56de\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u603b\u6210\u672c\u4f30\u8ba1\u9ad8\u8fbe15\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u96ea\u4f5b\u5170\u79d1\u5b9d\uff08Cobalts\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6709\u9690\u60a3\u7684\u70b9\u706b\u5f00\u5173\u8fd8\u88ab\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u8f66\u578b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u5e9e\u8482\u4e9a\u514bG5\u3001\u571f\u661fIon\u3001\u96ea\u4f5b\u5170HHR\u3001\u571f\u661fSky\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e9e\u8482\u4e9a\u514bSolstice\u7b49\u3002\u6b64\u6b21\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u53ec\u56de\u6d89\u53ca\u7ea6260\u4e07\u8f86\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8.7 \u7ef4\u543e\u5c14\u65cf\u5f3a\u8feb\u52b3\u52a8 | Forced Uyghur labor<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

In 2020, the Australian Strategic Policy Institute<\/a> accused at least 82 major brands, including General Motors, of being connected to forced Uyghur<\/a> labor in Xinjiang<\/a>.[285]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112020\u5e74\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u6218\u7565\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/strong>\u6307\u63a7\u81f3\u5c1182\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u54c1\u724c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e0e\u65b0\u7586<\/strong>\u7684\u5f3a\u8feb\u7ef4\u543e\u5c14\u52b3\u52a8\u6709\u5173\u3002[285]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8.8 \u5411\u4fdd\u9669\u516c\u53f8\u51fa\u552e\u9a7e\u9a76\u5458\u6570\u636e<\/strong> | Sale of driver data to insurance companies<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

General Motors has come under criticism for collecting highly detailed driver data and selling the personal information to insurance companies without consumers’ consent or knowledge. Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton<\/a> sued General Motors on August 13, 2024, alleging that General Motors sold the information to at least two companies, LexisNexis Risk Solutions<\/a> and Verisk Analytics<\/a>, who then sold the information to insurance companies.[286]<\/a>[287]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u56e0\u5728\u672a\u7ecf\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u540c\u610f\u6216\u77e5\u60c5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u9a7e\u9a76\u5458\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u5c06\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fe1\u606f\u51fa\u552e\u7ed9\u4fdd\u9669\u516c\u53f8\u800c\u5907\u53d7\u6279\u8bc4\u30022024\u5e748\u670813\u65e5\uff0c\u5f97\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5dde\u603b\u68c0\u5bdf\u957f\u80af\u00b7\u5e15\u514b\u65af\u987f\uff08Ken Paxton\uff09\u8d77\u8bc9\u4e86\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\uff0c\u6307\u63a7\u5176\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u81f3\u5c11\u51fa\u552e\u7ed9\u4e86\u4e24\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u2014\u2014\u5f8b\u5546\u8054\u8baf\u98ce\u9669\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u516c\u53f8\uff08LexisNexis Risk Solutions\uff09\u548c\u5a01\u777f\u601d\u5206\u6790\u516c\u53f8\uff08Verisk Analytics\uff09\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u8fd9\u4e24\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u53c8\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u8f6c\u5356\u7ed9\u4e86\u5404\u5927\u4fdd\u9669\u516c\u53f8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B \u53c2\u89c1\u3001\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u8fbd\u89c2\u7f51\u7ad9\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

B1 \u53c2\u89c1\uff08\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8bcd\u6761\uff09| See also<\/h3>\n\n\n\n