{"id":3309,"date":"2024-06-16T20:47:25","date_gmt":"2024-06-16T12:47:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=3309"},"modified":"2025-01-31T09:50:25","modified_gmt":"2025-01-31T01:50:25","slug":"northern-ireland-zhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2024\/06\/16\/northern-ireland-zhen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5317\u7231\u5c14\u5170 \/ Northern Ireland &#8211;\u00a0\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u878d\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8C%97%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8C%97%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><br>\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><br>\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u5e76\u8865\u5145\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5728\u4e8c\u8005\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u665a\u66f4\u65b0\u8005\u4e3a\u51c6\uff09\u3002\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5408\u89c4\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u4e0a\u4f20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff08Wikipedia\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8bd1\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-377923b3674f4e8f868c728fbf940d39\">\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<cite>\u8fbd\u89c2\u6240\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e00\u9053\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/653887754?utm_psn=1730141199812366337\">\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167\u7248\u672c<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u548c\u89c6\u9891\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/666846485?utm_psn=1730141316690960386\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u6b63\u6587\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u4e13\u680f\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u6982\u8ff0\u3001\u5386\u53f2\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/701875392\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u653f\u6cbb\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/703703031\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u5730\u7406\u548c\u6c14\u5019\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/703705086\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/703709358\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/703709358\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u53c2\u89c1\uff08\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8bcd\u6761\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"32\" height=\"24\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fb\/NIShape.gif\/48px-NIShape.gif 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fb\/NIShape.gif\/64px-NIShape.gif 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fb\/NIShape.gif\/32px-NIShape.gif\" alt=\"icon\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Northern_Ireland\">Northern Ireland portal<\/a>\u3010\u5317\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4e3b\u9898\u3011<br><br><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/a\/ae\/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg\/48px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/a\/ae\/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg\/64px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/a\/ae\/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg\/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png\" alt=\"flag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:United_Kingdom\">United Kingdom portal<\/a>\u3010\u82f1\u56fd\u4e3b\u9898\u3011<br><br><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/65\/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg\/48px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/65\/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg\/64px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/65\/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg\/32px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png\" alt=\"flag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Ireland\">Ireland portal<\/a>\u3010\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4e3b\u9898\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD\">\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Ulster-related_topics\">List of Ulster-related topics<\/a>\u3010\u963f\u5c14\u65af\u7279\u76f8\u5173\u4e3b\u9898\u5217\u8868\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Outline_of_Northern_Ireland\">Outline of Northern Ireland<\/a>\u3010\u5317\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u6982\u89c8\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Outline_of_the_United_Kingdom\">Outline of the United Kingdom<\/a>\u3010\u82f1\u56fd\u6982\u89c8\u3011<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 \u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u5f15\u7528\u5217\u8868<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00a0Ainsworth, Paul (6 December 2022).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.irishnews.com\/news\/2022\/12\/06\/news\/_historic_milestone_passed_as_irish_language_legislation_becomes_law-2932333\/\">&#8220;&#8216;Historic milestone&#8217; passed as Irish language legislation becomes law&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Irish News<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221212015026\/https:\/\/www.irishnews.com\/news\/2022\/12\/06\/news\/_historic_milestone_passed_as_irish_language_legislation_becomes_law-2932333\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved\u00a07 December\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-2\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bills.parliament.uk\/bills\/3168\/publications\">&#8220;Identity and Language (Northern Ireland) Act 2022 publications \u2013 Parliamentary Bills \u2013 UK Parliament&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220529205121\/https:\/\/bills.parliament.uk\/bills\/3168\/publications\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved\u00a028 May\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-2021_census_ethnicity_3-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/system\/files\/statistics\/census-2021-ms-b01.xlsx\">&#8220;MS-B01 Ethnic group&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland_Statistics_and_Research_Agency\">Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency<\/a><\/em>. 30 November 2023. Retrieved\u00a028 May\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-2021_census_religion_4-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/system\/files\/statistics\/census-2021-ms-b21.xlsx\">&#8220;MS-B21 Religion &#8211; full detail&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency<\/em>. 31 May 2023. Retrieved\u00a028 May\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-ONS_Standard_Area_Measurement_5-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-ONS_Standard_Area_Measurement_5-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/geoportal.statistics.gov.uk\/datasets\/ons::standard-area-measurements-for-administrative-areas-december-2023-in-the-uk\/about\">&#8220;Standard Area Measurements for Administrative Areas (December 2023) in the UK&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ONS_Open_Geography_Portal\">Open Geography Portal<\/a><\/em>. Office for National Statistics. 31 May 2024. Retrieved\u00a07 June\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-ONS_mid-year_pop_est_8-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-ONS_mid-year_pop_est_8-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/populationandmigration\/populationestimates\/datasets\/populationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland\">&#8220;Estimates of the population for the UK, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Office for National Statistics<\/em>. 26 March 2024. Retrieved\u00a09 April\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-NISRA_2021_census_9-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-NISRA_2021_census_9-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/statistics\/census\/2021-census\">&#8220;2021 Census&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland_Statistics_and_Research_Agency\">Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency<\/a><\/em>. Retrieved\u00a06 January\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-ONS_GVA_10-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/economy\/grossvalueaddedgva\/datasets\/nominalregionalgrossvalueaddedbalancedperheadandincomecomponents\">&#8220;Regional gross value added (balanced) per head and income components&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Office for National Statistics<\/em>. 24 April 2024. Retrieved\u00a015 May\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-ONS_GDP_11-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/economy\/grossdomesticproductgdp\/datasets\/regionalgrossdomesticproductallnutslevelregions\">&#8220;Regional gross domestic product: all ITL regions&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Office for National Statistics<\/em>. 24 April 2024. Retrieved\u00a015 May\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Gini_12-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.scot\/binaries\/content\/documents\/govscot\/publications\/statistics\/2020\/02\/additional-poverty-statistics-2020\/documents\/gini-coefficient-by-uk-nation\/gini-coefficient-by-uk-nation\/govscot%253Adocument\/Gini%252Bfor%252BUK%252Bcountries%252B-%252Bfor%252Bpublication.xlsx\">&#8220;Gini coefficient by UK nation&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Scottish Government<\/em>. February 2020. Retrieved\u00a03 September\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-HDI_13-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/globaldatalab.org\/shdi\/table\/shdi\/GBR\/?levels=1+4&amp;extrapolation=0\">&#8220;Subnational HDI&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Global Data Lab<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230815150136\/https:\/\/globaldatalab.org\/shdi\/table\/shdi\/GBR\/?levels=1+4&amp;extrapolation=0\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved\u00a015 August\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-15\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/nisr\/2000\/347\/contents\/made\">&#8220;The Flags Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2000&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom\">Government of the United Kingdom<\/a>. 8 November 2000.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.today\/20130902204715\/http:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/nisr\/2000\/347\/contents\/made\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 2 September 2013. Retrieved\u00a026 October\u00a02019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-16\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dfa.ie\/ie\/nuacht-agus-na-meain\/tags\/browsebyregion\/tuaisceart-%C3%A9ireann\/\">Tuaisceart \u00c9ireann<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210815035945\/https:\/\/www.dfa.ie\/ie\/nuacht-agus-na-meain\/tags\/browsebyregion\/tuaisceart-%C3%A9ireann\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a015 August 2021 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>. DFA.ie. Retrieved 27 March 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-ONS_Geography_Guide_17-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-ONS_Geography_Guide_17-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/geoportal.statistics.gov.uk\/datasets\/a-beginners-guide-to-uk-geography-2023\/about\">&#8220;A Beginners Guide to UK Geography (2023)&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Open Geography Portal<\/em>. Office for National Statistics. 24 August 2023. Retrieved\u00a09 December\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-ISO_18-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-ISO_18-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/obp\/ui\/#iso:code:3166:GB\">&#8220;Standard: ISO 3166 \u2014 Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Organization_for_Standardization\">ISO<\/a><\/em>. Retrieved\u00a016 January\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-alphabeticalNI_19-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-alphabeticalNI_19-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-alphabeticalNI_19-2\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Dunn, S.; H. Dawson (2000),\u00a0<em>An Alphabetical Listing of Word, Name and Place in Northern Ireland and the Living Language of Conflict<\/em>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lewiston,_New_York\">Lewiston, New York<\/a>:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edwin_Mellen_Press\">Edwin Mellen Press<\/a>,\u00a0<q>One specific problem \u2013 in both general and particular senses \u2013 is to know what to call Northern Ireland itself: in the general sense, it is not a country, or a province, or a state \u2013 although some refer to it contemptuously as a statelet: the least controversial word appears to be jurisdiction, but this might change.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-interpretingNI_20-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-interpretingNI_20-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-interpretingNI_20-2\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-interpretingNI_20-3\"><sup><em><strong>d<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-interpretingNI_20-4\"><sup><em><strong>e<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Whyte, J.; G. FitzGerald (1991),\u00a0<em>Interpreting Northern Ireland<\/em>, Oxford: Oxford University Press,\u00a0<q>One problem must be adverted to in writing about Northern Ireland. This is the question of what name to give to the various geographical entities. These names can be controversial, with the choice often revealing one&#8217;s political preferences. &#8230; some refer to Northern Ireland as a &#8216;province&#8217;. That usage can arouse irritation particularly among nationalists, who claim the title &#8216;province&#8217; should be properly reserved to the four historic provinces of Ireland-Ulster, Leinster, Munster, and Connacht. If I want to a label to apply to Northern Ireland I shall call it a &#8216;region&#8217;. Unionists should find that title as acceptable as &#8216;province&#8217;: Northern Ireland appears as a region in the regional statistics of the United Kingdom published by the British government.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-placeApart_21-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-placeApart_21-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-placeApart_21-2\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-placeApart_21-3\"><sup><em><strong>d<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Murphy, D. (1979),\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A_Place_Apart\">A Place Apart<\/a><\/em>, London: Penguin Books,\u00a0<q>Next \u2013 what noun is appropriate to Northern Ireland? &#8216;Province&#8217; won&#8217;t do since one-third of the province is on the wrong side of the border. &#8216;State&#8217; implies more self-determination than Northern Ireland has ever had and &#8216;country&#8217; or &#8216;nation&#8217; are blatantly absurd. &#8216;Colony&#8217; has overtones that would be resented by both communities and &#8216;statelet&#8217; sounds too patronizing, though outsiders might consider it more precise than anything else; so one is left with the unsatisfactory word &#8216;region&#8217;.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-gfa_22-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Government of Ireland (1998),\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/peacemaker.un.org\/node\/1697\"><em>Northern Ireland Peace Agreement (The Good Friday Agreement)<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130221043707\/http:\/\/peacemaker.un.org\/node\/1697\">archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 21 February 2013, retrieved\u00a03 June\u00a02013<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-23\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Forde, Eoin (2020).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/44210367\">&#8220;Constitutional Models of a United Ireland&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Academia<\/em>: 16\u201317.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230404031607\/https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/44210367\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved\u00a027 January\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-McKittrick-McVea_p5_24-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-McKittrick-McVea_p5_24-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0David McKittrick &amp; David McVea.\u00a0<em>Making Sense of the Troubles<\/em>. New Amsterdam Books, 2002. p.5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-25\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Richard Jenkin, 1997,\u00a0<em>Rethinking ethnicity: arguments and explorations<\/em>, SAGE Publications: London: &#8220;In Northern Ireland the objectives of contemporary nationalists are the reunification of Ireland and the removal of British government.&#8221;; Peter Dorey, 1995,\u00a0<em>British politics since 1945<\/em>, Blackwell Publishers: Oxford: &#8220;Just as some Nationalists have been prepared to use violence in order to secure Irish reunification, so some Unionists have been prepared to use violence in order to oppose it.&#8221;;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20060716075752\/http:\/\/www.sinnfein.ie\/policies\/document\/155\">&#8220;Strategy Framework Document: Reunification through Planned Integration: Sinn F\u00e9in&#8217;s All Ireland Agenda&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sinnfein.ie\/policies\/document\/155\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 16 July 2006.\u00a0Sinn F\u00e9in. Retrieved 2 August 2008.;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090618145438\/http:\/\/www.sdlp.ie\/policy_details.php?id=78\">&#8220;Policy Summaries: Constitutional Issues&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party\">Social Democratic and Labour Party<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sdlp.ie\/policy_details.php?id=78\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 18 June 2009. Retrieved\u00a02 August\u00a02008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-26\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ark.ac.uk\/nilt\/2014\/Community_Relations\/NINATID.html\">&#8220;Which of these best describes the way you think of yourself?&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey<\/em>. 2014.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210224200622\/https:\/\/www.ark.ac.uk\/nilt\/2014\/Community_Relations\/NINATID.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved\u00a024 March\u00a02016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynch201911,_100%E2%80%93101_27-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynch201911,_100%E2%80%93101_27-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynch201911,_100%E2%80%93101_27-2\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#CITEREFLynch2019\">Lynch (2019)<\/a>, pp.\u00a011, 100\u2013101.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynch201999_28-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynch201999_28-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#CITEREFLynch2019\">Lynch (2019)<\/a>, p.\u00a099.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynch2019171%E2%80%93176_29-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#CITEREFLynch2019\">Lynch (2019)<\/a>, pp.\u00a0171\u2013176.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-30\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0David McKittrick &amp; David McVea.\u00a0<em>Making Sense of the Troubles<\/em>. New Amsterdam Books, 2002. p.6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-31\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0McKittrick &amp; McVea, p.18<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-32\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Gallagher, Tom.\u00a0<em>Contemporary Irish Studies<\/em>. Manchester University Press, 1983. pp.29\u201332<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-33\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Maney, Gregory. &#8220;The Paradox of Reform: The Civil Rights Movement in Northern Ireland&#8221;, in\u00a0<em>Nonviolent Conflict and Civil Resistance<\/em>. Emerald Group Publishing, 2012. p.15<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-34\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/cain.ulster.ac.uk\/sutton\/tables\/Status_Summary.html\">&#8220;CAIN: Sutton Index of Deaths&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>cain.ulster.ac.uk<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181118204006\/http:\/\/cain.ulst.ac.uk\/sutton\/tables\/Status_Summary.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved\u00a025 January\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-auto2_35-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-auto2_35-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/cain.ulster.ac.uk\/ni\/security.htm\">&#8220;CAIN: Northern Ireland Society \u2013 Security and Defence&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>cain.ulster.ac.uk<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190226112129\/https:\/\/cain.ulster.ac.uk\/ni\/security.htm\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 26 February 2019. Retrieved\u00a025 January\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-36\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0&#8220;The troubles were over, but the killing continued. Some of the heirs to Ireland&#8217;s violent traditions refused to give up their inheritance.&#8221; Jack Holland: Hope against History: The Course of Conflict in Northern Ireland. Henry Holt &amp; Company, 1999, p. 221;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-8050-6087-1\">0-8050-6087-1<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-37\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0McCourt, Malachy (2004).\u00a0<em>History of Ireland<\/em>. New York: MJF Books, Fine Communications. p.\u00a0324.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-60671-037-1\"><bdi>978-1-60671-037-1<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-38\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.detini.gov.uk\/economic_overview___8211__october_2014.pdf?rev=0\">Department of Enterprise, Trade, and Investment: Full Economic Overview, 15 October 2014<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20141107220447\/http:\/\/www.detini.gov.uk\/economic_overview___8211__october_2014.pdf?rev=0\">Archived<\/a>\u00a07 November 2014 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-39\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Larry Elliott (17 September 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2014\/sep\/17\/uk-unemployment-rate-falls-lowest-level-2008-financial-crisis\">&#8220;UK unemployment rate falls to lowest level since 2008 financial crisis&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Guardian<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210815085418\/https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2014\/sep\/17\/uk-unemployment-rate-falls-lowest-level-2008-financial-crisis\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved\u00a012 December\u00a02016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-40\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Stanbridge, Karen (2003).\u00a0<em>Toleration and State Institutions: British Policy Toward Catholics in Eighteenth-century Ireland and Quebec<\/em>. Lexington Books. p.\u00a043.;\u00a0Ruane, Joseph (1996).\u00a0<em>The Dynamics of Conflict in Northern Ireland: Power, Conflict and Emancipation<\/em>. Cambridge University Press. p.\u00a051.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-41\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20101122114013\/http:\/\/www.nidirect.gov.uk\/index\/government-citizens-and-rights\/living-in-northern-ireland\/bank-holidays.htm\">&#8220;Bank holidays&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nidirect.gov.uk\/index\/government-citizens-and-rights\/living-in-northern-ireland\/bank-holidays.htm\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 22 November 2010.;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-northern-ireland-20565591\">&#8220;Lundy&#8217;s Day: Thousands attend &#8216;peaceful&#8217; Londonderry parade&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>BBC News<\/em>. December 2012.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180923010159\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-northern-ireland-20565591\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved\u00a021 June\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-42\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Thernstrom, Stephan (1980).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=npQ6Hd3G4kgC&amp;pg=PA896\"><em>Harvard encyclopedia of American ethnic groups<\/em><\/a>. Harvard University Press. p.\u00a0896.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-674-37512-3\"><bdi>978-0-674-37512-3<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210413214646\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=npQ6Hd3G4kgC&amp;pg=PA896\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved\u00a029 October\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-43\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.powells.com\/biblio\/1-9780767916899-1\">&#8220;Born Fighting: How the Scots-Irish Shaped America&#8221;<\/a>. Powells.com. 12 August 2009.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100116001733\/http:\/\/powells.com\/biblio\/1-9780767916899-1\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 16 January 2010. Retrieved\u00a030 April\u00a02010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Lydon326_44-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0James F. Lydon,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=yKA9AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA326\"><em>The Making of Ireland: From Ancient Times to the Present<\/em><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210508132513\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=yKA9AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA326\">Archived<\/a>\u00a08 May 2021 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>, Routledge, 1998, p. 326<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-45\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A._T._Q._Stewart\">Stewart, A.T.Q.<\/a>,\u00a0<em>The Ulster Crisis, Resistance to Home Rule, 1912\u201314<\/em>, pp. 58\u201368, Faber and Faber (1967)\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-571-08066-9\">0-571-08066-9<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-46\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Annie Ryan,\u00a0<em>Witnesses: Inside the Easter Rising<\/em>, Liberties Press, 2005, p. 12<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-47\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Collins, M. E.,\u00a0<em>Sovereignty and partition, 1912\u20131949<\/em>, pp. 32\u201333, Edco Publishing (2004)\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/1-84536-040-0\">1-84536-040-0<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-StephenGwynn_48-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stephen_Gwynn\">Gwynn, Stephen<\/a>\u00a0(2009) [1923].\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=IWnrSFoQVw0C&amp;q=%22northern+ireland%22+partition+two+counties+nationalist+majority+tyrone+fermanagh&amp;pg=PA525\">&#8220;The birth of the Irish Free State&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The History of Ireland<\/em>. Macmillan.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-113-15514-6\"><bdi>978-1-113-15514-6<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210413214537\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=IWnrSFoQVw0C&amp;q=%22northern+ireland%22+partition+two+counties+nationalist+majority+tyrone+fermanagh&amp;pg=PA525\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved\u00a019 October\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-49\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0O&#8217;Day, Alan.\u00a0<em>Irish Home Rule, 1867\u20131921<\/em>. Manchester University Press, 1998. p. 252<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-50\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Jackson, Alvin.\u00a0<em>Home Rule: An Irish History, 1800\u20132000<\/em>. pp. 137\u2013138<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-51\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Hennessey, Thomas:\u00a0<em>Dividing Ireland, World War I and Partition<\/em>,\u00a0<em>The passing of the Home Rule Bill<\/em>\u00a0p. 76, Routledge Press (1998)\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-415-17420-1\">0-415-17420-1<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-52\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Jackson, Alvin: p. 164<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-53\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Jackson, pp. 227\u2013229<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-54\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Morland, Paul.\u00a0<em>Demographic Engineering: Population Strategies in Ethnic Conflict<\/em>. Routledge, 2016. pp.96\u201398<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-55\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ark.ac.uk\/elections\/h1918.htm\">The Irish Election of 1918<\/a>\u00a0(Report). Northern Ireland Elections.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180817120216\/http:\/\/www.ark.ac.uk\/elections\/h1918.htm\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 17 August 2018. Retrieved\u00a031 August\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynch201951%E2%80%9352_56-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#CITEREFLynch2019\">Lynch (2019)<\/a>, pp.\u00a051\u201352.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-57\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Mitchell, Arthur.\u00a0<em>Revolutionary Government in Ireland<\/em>. Gill &amp; MacMillan, 1995. p. 245<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-58\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Coleman, Marie (2013).\u00a0<em>The Irish Revolution, 1916\u20131923<\/em>. Routledge. p.\u00a067.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1317801474\"><bdi>978-1317801474<\/bdi><\/a>.; Gibney, John (editor).\u00a0<em>The Irish War of Independence and Civil War<\/em>. Pen and Sword History, 2020. pp.xii\u2013xiii<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-59\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Pilkington, Colin (2002).\u00a0<em>Devolution in Britain Today<\/em>. Manchester University Press. p.\u00a075.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-7190-6076-2\"><bdi>978-0-7190-6076-2<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-O'Day_299_60-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-O'Day_299_60-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0O&#8217;Day, Alan.\u00a0<em>Irish Home Rule, 1867\u20131921<\/em>. Manchester University Press, 1998. p. 299<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-61\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Jackson, Alvin.\u00a0<em>Home Rule \u2013 An Irish History<\/em>. Oxford University Press, 2004, pp. 368\u2013370<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynch201990%E2%80%9392_62-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#CITEREFLynch2019\">Lynch (2019)<\/a>, pp.\u00a090\u201392.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynch201971%E2%80%9376_63-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#CITEREFLynch2019\">Lynch (2019)<\/a>, pp.\u00a071\u201376.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-64\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Farrell, Michael.\u00a0<em>Arming the Protestants: The Formation of the Ulster Special Constabulary and the Royal Ulster Constabulary<\/em>. Pluto Press, 1983. p.166<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-65\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Lawlor, Pearse.\u00a0<em>The Outrages: The IRA and the Ulster Special Constabulary in the Border Campaign<\/em>. Mercier Press, 2011. pp.265\u2013266<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-66\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Martin, Ged (1999).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=59OPsS6a4j4C&amp;pg=PA68\">&#8220;The Origins of Partition&#8221;<\/a>. In Anderson, Malcolm; Bort, Eberhard (eds.).\u00a0<em>The Irish Border: History, Politics, Culture<\/em>. Liverpool University Press. p.\u00a068.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0853239512\"><bdi>978-0853239512<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170129062001\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=59OPsS6a4j4C&amp;pg=PA68\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 29 January 2017. Retrieved\u00a019 October\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-67\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Gibbons, Ivan (2015).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=pO6_CQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA107\"><em>The British Labour Party and the Establishment of the Irish Free State, 1918\u20131924<\/em><\/a>. Palgrave Macmillan. p.\u00a0107.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1137444080\"><bdi>978-1137444080<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170129061632\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=pO6_CQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA107\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 29 January 2017. Retrieved\u00a019 October\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-68\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160415143605\/http:\/\/stormontpapers.ahds.ac.uk\/stormontpapers\/pageview.html?volumeno=2&amp;pageno=1145#bak-2-1149\">&#8220;The Stormont Papers \u2013 View Volumes&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/stormontpapers.ahds.ac.uk\/stormontpapers\/pageview.html?volumeno=2&amp;pageno=1145#bak-2-1149\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 15 April 2016. Retrieved\u00a028 January\u00a02008.;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nationalarchives.ie\/topics\/anglo_irish\/dfaexhib2.html\">&#8220;Anglo-Irish Treaty, sections 11, 12&#8221;<\/a>. Nationalarchives.ie. 6 December 1921.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171108213900\/http:\/\/www.nationalarchives.ie\/topics\/anglo_irish\/dfaexhib2.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 8 November 2017. Retrieved\u00a07 August\u00a02013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-69\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Knirck, Jason.\u00a0<em>Imagining Ireland&#8217;s Independence: The Debates Over the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921<\/em>. Rowman &amp; Littlefield, 2006. p.104<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-70\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Lee, Joseph.\u00a0<em>Ireland, 1912\u20131985: Politics and Society<\/em>. Cambridge University Press, 1989. p.145<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Making_Sense_17-19_71-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Making_Sense_17-19_71-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0McKittrick &amp; McVea, pp.17\u201319<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-72\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0McKittrick &amp; McVea, p.6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-73\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0McKittrick &amp; McVea, p.14<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-74\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Boyd, Andrew (1984),\u00a0<em>Northern Ireland: Who is to Blame?<\/em>, The Mercier Press Limited, Dublin, p. 57,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0853427089\">0853427089<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-75\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0McKittrick &amp; McVea, p. 11<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-76\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0McGuffin, John (1973),\u00a0<em>Internment!<\/em>, Anvil Books Ltd, Tralee, Ireland, p. 23.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-77\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Peter Barberis, John McHugh, Mike Tyldesley (editors).\u00a0<em>Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations<\/em>. A&amp;C Black, 2000. pp.236\u2013237<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-78\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Boyd, Andrew (1969),\u00a0<em>Holy War in Belfast<\/em>, Anvil Books Ltd, Tralee, pg 176.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-79\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Whyte, John. &#8220;How much discrimination was there under the unionist regime, 1921\u201368?&#8221;, in\u00a0<em>Contemporary Irish Studies<\/em>. Edited by Tom Gallagher and James O&#8217;Connell. Manchester University Press, 1983. pp.29\u201332<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-80\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/apni\/1968\/20\/introduction\">&#8220;Electoral Law Act (Northern Ireland) 1968&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>www.legislation.gov.uk<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230806071119\/https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/apni\/1968\/20\/introduction\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 6 August 2023. Retrieved\u00a024 July\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-81\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0David, Trimble.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/peace\/1998\/trimble\/lecture\/\">&#8220;Nobel Lecture&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Nobel Prize<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210815173053\/https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/peace\/1998\/trimble\/lecture\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved\u00a08 August\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-82\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0&#8220;Anglo-Irish Relations, 1939\u201341: A Study in Multilateral Diplomacy and Military Restraint&#8221; in\u00a0<em>Twentieth Century British History<\/em>\u00a0(Oxford Journals, 2005),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/search?fq=x0:jrnl&amp;q=n2:1477-4674\">1477-4674<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-83\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Boyd Black, &#8220;A Triumph of Voluntarism? Industrial Relations and Strikes in Northern Ireland in World War Two,&#8221;\u00a0<em>Labour History Review<\/em>\u00a0(2005) 70#1 pp 5\u201325<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-84\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0English, Richard.\u00a0<em>Armed Struggle: The History of the IRA<\/em>. Pan Macmillan, 2008. pp.72\u201374<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-85\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/news\/lemass-o-neill-talks-focused-on-purely-practical-matters-1.120295\">&#8220;Lemass-O&#8217;Neill talks focused on `purely practical matters'&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210925161655\/https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/news\/lemass-o-neill-talks-focused-on-purely-practical-matters-1.120295\">Archived<\/a>\u00a025 September 2021 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Irish Times<\/em>, 2 January 1998.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-86\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Malcolm Sutton&#8217;s book, &#8220;Bear in Mind These Dead: An Index of Deaths from the Conflict in Ireland 1969\u20131993.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-87\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/topics\/troubles_violence\">&#8220;BBC \u2013 History \u2013 The Troubles \u2013 Violence&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>BBC<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130605010515\/http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/topics\/troubles_violence\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 5 June 2013. Retrieved\u00a024 December\u00a02019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-88\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/cain.ulst.ac.uk\/hmso\/cameron2.htm#chap16\">&#8220;The Cameron Report \u2013 Disturbances in Northern Ireland (1969)&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>cain.ulst.ac.uk<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180601151429\/http:\/\/cain.ulst.ac.uk\/hmso\/cameron2.htm#chap16\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 1 June 2018. Retrieved\u00a029 October\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-89\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.gale.cengage.com\/pdf\/whitepapers\/gdc\/Sectarianism.pdf\">History of sectarianism in NI<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140201224942\/http:\/\/www.gale.cengage.com\/pdf\/whitepapers\/gdc\/Sectarianism.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a01 February 2014 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>, gale.cengage.com; accessed 27 May 2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-90\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Richard English, &#8220;The Interplay of Non-violent and Violent Action in Northern Ireland, 1967\u201372&#8221;, in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adam_Roberts_(scholar)\">Adam Roberts<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timothy_Garton_Ash\">Timothy Garton Ash<\/a>\u00a0(eds.),\u00a0<em>Civil Resistance and Power Politics: The Experience of Non-violent Action from Gandhi to the Present<\/em>, Oxford University Press, 2009;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-19-955201-6\">978-0-19-955201-6<\/a>, pp. 75\u201390.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=BxOQKrCe7UUC&amp;q=Civil+resistance+and+power+politics\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170320185749\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=BxOQKrCe7UUC&amp;dq=Civil+resistance+and+power+politics&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s\">Archived<\/a>\u00a020 March 2017 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Ballast_91-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.policeombudsman.org\/\/Publicationsuploads\/BALLAST%20PUBLIC%20STATEMENT%2022-01-07%20FINAL%20VERSION.pdf\">The Ballast report<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080625041216\/http:\/\/www.policeombudsman.org\/\/Publicationsuploads\/BALLAST%20PUBLIC%20STATEMENT%2022-01-07%20FINAL%20VERSION.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a025 June 2008 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>: &#8220;&#8230;the Police Ombudsman has concluded that this was collusion by certain police officers with identified UVF informants.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-92\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/onthisday\/hi\/dates\/stories\/march\/9\/newsid_2516000\/2516477.stm\">&#8220;1973: Northern Ireland votes for union&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>BBC News<\/em>. 9 March 1973.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171227020253\/http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/onthisday\/hi\/dates\/stories\/march\/9\/newsid_2516000\/2516477.stm\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 27 December 2017. Retrieved\u00a020 May\u00a02010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-93\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/northern_ireland\/546146.stm\">&#8220;BBC News | NORTHERN IRELAND | Republic drops claim to NI&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>BBC News<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030406224757\/http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/northern_ireland\/546146.stm\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 6 April 2003. Retrieved\u00a023 July\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Parliament_94-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm199394\/cmhansrd\/1993-12-15\/Debate-1.html\">Parliamentary debate<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20101010094440\/http:\/\/www.publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm199394\/cmhansrd\/1993-12-15\/Debate-1.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a010 October 2010 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>: &#8220;The British government agree that it is for the people of the island of Ireland alone, by agreement between the two parts respectively, to exercise their right of self-determination on the basis of consent, freely and concurrently given, North and South, to bring about a united Ireland, if that is their wish.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-95\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.anphoblacht.com\/contents\/14561\">&#8220;Securocrat sabotage exposed | An Phoblacht&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>www.anphoblacht.com<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210130201326\/https:\/\/www.anphoblacht.com\/contents\/14561\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved\u00a025 January\u00a02021.;\u00a0McKay, Susan (2009).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=v3SFzfha7VYC&amp;q=collapse+stormontgate+donaldson&amp;pg=PA306\"><em>Bear in Mind These Dead<\/em><\/a>. Faber &amp; Faber.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0571252183\"><bdi>978-0571252183<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210413214647\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=v3SFzfha7VYC&amp;q=collapse+stormontgate+donaldson&amp;pg=PA306\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved\u00a019 October\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-96\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/northern_ireland\/8442683.stm\">&#8220;UDA confirm guns decommissioned&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170912045557\/http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/northern_ireland\/8442683.stm\">Archived<\/a>\u00a012 September 2017 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>\u00a0BBC news; retrieved 29 January 2014<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-97\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.opsi.gov.uk\/acts\/acts2006\/ukpga_20060017_en_1\">&#8220;Northern Ireland Act 2006 (c. 17)&#8221;<\/a>. Opsi.gov.uk.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20091208064049\/http:\/\/www.opsi.gov.uk\/acts\/acts2006\/ukpga_20060017_en_1\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 8 December 2009. Retrieved\u00a016 June\u00a02010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-98\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0(BBC)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-99\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0HM Government\u00a0<em>The United Kingdom&#8217;s exit from and new partnership with the European Union<\/em>; Cm 9417, February 2017<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-100\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.ie\/irish-news\/dups-paul-givan-resigns-as-northern-ireland-first-minister-as-taoiseach-brands-it-very-damaging-move\/41307670.html\">&#8220;DUP&#8217;s Paul Givan resigns as Northern Ireland first minister, as Taoiseach brands it &#8216;very damaging move'&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Independent.ie<\/em>. 3 February 2022. Retrieved\u00a030 January\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-101\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-northern-ireland-68136950\">&#8220;DUP executive endorses deal to restore devolution at Stormont&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>BBC News<\/em>. 30 January 2024. Retrieved\u00a030 January\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-102\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/cain.ulst.ac.uk\/issues\/discrimination\/whyte.htm\">&#8220;Professor John H. Whyte paper on discrimination in Northern Ireland&#8221;<\/a>. Cain.ulst.ac.uk.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110514131114\/http:\/\/cain.ulst.ac.uk\/issues\/discrimination\/whyte.htm\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved\u00a016 June\u00a02010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-103\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/cain.ulst.ac.uk\/issues\/discrimination\/sum.htm\">&#8220;CAIN website key issues discrimination summary&#8221;<\/a>. Cain.ulst.ac.uk. 5 October 1968.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100729075842\/http:\/\/cain.ulst.ac.uk\/issues\/discrimination\/sum.htm\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 29 July 2010. Retrieved\u00a016 June\u00a02010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-104\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Lord Scarman, &#8220;Violence and Civil Disturbances in Northern Ireland in 1969: Report of Tribunal of Inquiry&#8221; Belfast: HMSO, Cmd\u00a0566 (known as the\u00a0<em>Scarman Report<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-105\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ark.ac.uk\/nilt\/2007\/Political_Attitudes\/UNINATID.html\">&#8220;Ark survey, 2007. Answer to the question &#8220;Generally speaking, do you think of yourself as a unionist, a nationalist or neither?&#8221;&#8221;<\/a>. Ark.ac.uk. 17 May 2007.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110610044337\/http:\/\/www.ark.ac.uk\/nilt\/2007\/Political_Attitudes\/UNINATID.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 10 June 2011. Retrieved\u00a016 June\u00a02010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-106\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ark.ac.uk\/nilt\/2015\/Political_Attitudes\/NIRELND2.html\">Answers to the question &#8220;Do you think the long-term policy for Northern Ireland should be for it (one of the following)<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160703003751\/http:\/\/www.ark.ac.uk\/nilt\/2015\/Political_Attitudes\/NIRELND2.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a03 July 2016 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-107\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ark.ac.uk\/nilt\/2015\/Political_Attitudes\/NIRELND2.html\">NILT survey, 2015<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160703003751\/http:\/\/www.ark.ac.uk\/nilt\/2015\/Political_Attitudes\/NIRELND2.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a03 July 2016 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>. Answers to the question &#8220;Do you think the long-term policy for Northern Ireland should be for it to [one of the following&#8221;], ark.ac.uk; accessed 27 May 2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-autogenerated2009_108-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ark.ac.uk\/nilt\/2009\/Political_Attitudes\/NIRELND2.html\">&#8220;NI Life and Times Survey \u2013 2009: NIRELND2&#8221;<\/a>. Ark.ac.uk. 2009.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171010085431\/http:\/\/www.ark.ac.uk\/nilt\/2009\/Political_Attitudes\/NIRELND2.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved\u00a013 July\u00a02010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-results_maps_charts_109-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-northern-ireland-61363246\">&#8220;NI election results 2022: The assembly poll in maps and charts&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>BBC News<\/em>. 8 May 2022.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220508172246\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-northern-ireland-61363246\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 8 May 2022. Retrieved\u00a09 May\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Devenport_110-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Devenport, Mark (18 November 2005).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/northern_ireland\/4449092.stm\">&#8220;NI local government set for shake-up&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>BBC News<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a015 November\u00a02008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-111\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240202190001\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-northern-ireland-61393736\">&#8220;Stormont: Why were NI leaders given unequal job titles?&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>BBC News<\/em>. 15 May 2022. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/uk-northern-ireland-61393736\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 2 February 2024. Retrieved\u00a02 February\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-112\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240202191115\/https:\/\/www.northernireland.gov.uk\/topics\/your-executive\/ministerial-code\">&#8220;Northern Ireland Executive: Ministerial Code&#8221;<\/a>. 28 September 2015. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.northernireland.gov.uk\/topics\/your-executive\/ministerial-code\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 2 February 2024. Retrieved\u00a02 February\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-113\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0United Kingdom (2007),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090327044249\/http:\/\/unstats.un.org\/unsd\/geoinfo\/9th-UNCSGN-Docs\/E-CONF-98-48-Add1.pdf\">&#8220;Report of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF),\u00a0<em>Report by Governments on the Situation in their Countries on the Progress Made in the Standardization of Geographical Names Since the Eight Conferences<\/em>, New York: United Nations, archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/unstats.un.org\/unsd\/geoinfo\/9th-UNCSGN-Docs\/E-CONF-98-48-Add1.pdf\">the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on 27 March 2009, retrieved\u00a029 October\u00a02011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Guardian_style_guide_114-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Guardian_style_guide_114-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Guardian_style_guide_114-2\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/guardian-observer-style-guide-n\">&#8220;The Guardian and Observer style guide&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Guardian<\/em>. 17 March 2021. Retrieved\u00a015 April\u00a02024.\u00a0<q>Northern Ireland: Can be referred to as a country or region, but avoid referring to it as a province or as Ulster.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-dictPolSci_115-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-dictPolSci_115-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<em>Global Encyclopedia of Political Geography<\/em>, 2009<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-unionistPolitics_116-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-unionistPolitics_116-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Cochrane, F. (2001),\u00a0<em>Unionist Politics and the Politics of Unionism Since the Anglo-Irish Agreement<\/em>, Cork: Cork University Press<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Number10CountriesWithinACountry_117-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Number10CountriesWithinACountry_117-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/20080909013512\/http:\/\/www.number10.gov.uk\/Page823\">&#8220;countries within a country&#8221;<\/a>. The official site of the Prime Minister&#8217;s Office. 2003. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.number10.gov.uk\/Page823\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 9 September 2008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-118\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0David Varney December (2007),\u00a0<em>Review of Tax Policy in Northern Ireland<\/em>, London: Her Majesty&#8217;s Stationery Office<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-119\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Peterkin, Tom (31 January 2006).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/uknews\/1509280\/IRA-fuel-smuggling-drove-oil-giants-to-abandon-Ulster.html\">&#8220;Example of Daily Telegraph use of &#8220;Ulster&#8221; in text of an article, having used &#8220;Northern Ireland&#8221; in the opening paragraph&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Daily Telegraph<\/em>. UK.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501041920\/http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/uknews\/1509280\/IRA-fuel-smuggling-drove-oil-giants-to-abandon-Ulster.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 1 May 2011. Retrieved\u00a016 June\u00a02010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Abortion-in-the-North-of-Ireland_120-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Abortion-in-the-North-of-Ireland_120-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newstalk.com\/podcasts\/highlights-from-moncrieff\/abortion-north-ireland\">&#8220;Abortion in the North of Ireland: Grainne Teggart campaigns manager for Amnesty International NI joins Sean to discuss the problems around abortion in the North of Ireland&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Newstalk\">Newstalk<\/a>. 3 June 2020.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200828040106\/https:\/\/www.newstalk.com\/podcasts\/highlights-from-moncrieff\/abortion-north-ireland\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 28 August 2020. Retrieved\u00a03 June\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Calls-for-More-Supports-in_Norths-Schools_121-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Calls-for-More-Supports-in_Norths-Schools_121-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.highlandradio.com\/2020\/09\/10\/calls-for-more-supports-in-norths-schools-after-covid-cases\/\">&#8220;Calls for more supports in North&#8217;s schools after Covid cases&#8221;<\/a>. Highland Radio. 10 September 2020.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200913230345\/https:\/\/www.highlandradio.com\/2020\/09\/10\/calls-for-more-supports-in-norths-schools-after-covid-cases\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 13 September 2020. Retrieved\u00a010 September\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-RTE-does-not-stop-people-in-the-North_122-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-RTE-does-not-stop-people-in-the-North_122-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Monaghan, John (14 July 2018).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.irishnews.com\/news\/northernirelandnews\/2018\/07\/14\/news\/rte-head-of-sport-says-broadcaster-does-not-stop-people-in-the-north-watching-gaelic-games-1382277\/\">&#8220;RT\u00c9 head of sport says broadcaster does not stop people in the north watching gaelic games&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Irish News<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200913233641\/http:\/\/www.irishnews.com\/news\/northernirelandnews\/2018\/07\/14\/news\/rte-head-of-sport-says-broadcaster-does-not-stop-people-in-the-north-watching-gaelic-games-1382277\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 13 September 2020. Retrieved\u00a014 July\u00a02018.\u00a0<q>RT\u00c9 is a &#8217;32-county broadcaster&#8217; and &#8216;do not stop people in the north watching gaelic games&#8217;, its new head of sport has said&#8230; Last weekend RT\u00c9 said it dealt with &#8216;dozens&#8217; of complaints from frustrated GAA fans across the north who were left unable to watch a live broadcast of the All-Ireland qualifier between Armagh and Roscommon.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-123\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.irishexaminer.com\/news\/arid-30741054.html\">&#8220;&#8216;Abortion drone&#8217; delivers pills to the North from Ireland&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irish_Examiner\">Irish Examiner<\/a><\/em>. 21 June 2016.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200913225532\/https:\/\/www.irishexaminer.com\/news\/arid-30741054.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 13 September 2020. Retrieved\u00a021 June\u00a02016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-124\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Ryan, Philip (21 June 2016).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.ie\/irish-news\/varadkar-considers-travel-ban-but-wont-stop-northsouth-travel-39048435.html\">&#8220;Varadkar considers travel ban but won&#8217;t stop North\/South travel&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Irish Independent<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200317171705\/https:\/\/www.independent.ie\/irish-news\/varadkar-considers-travel-ban-but-wont-stop-northsouth-travel-39048435.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved\u00a021 June\u00a02016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-125\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Doyle, Stephen (25 May 2021).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.todayfm.com\/uncategorized\/gaa-confirm-500-allow-allianz-league-matches-six-counties-1200507\">&#8220;GAA confirm 500 allowed into Allianz League matches in six counties&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Today_FM\">Today FM<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210604004353\/https:\/\/www.todayfm.com\/uncategorized\/gaa-confirm-500-allow-allianz-league-matches-six-counties-1200507\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 4 June 2021. Retrieved\u00a04 June\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-126\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Testa, Andrew; Specia, Megan (15 October 2018).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/10\/15\/world\/europe\/northern-ireland-brexit-border.html\">&#8220;Example of New York Times use of &#8220;the North&#8221; in text of an article (fifth paragraph), having used &#8220;Northern Ireland&#8221; earlier&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The New York Times<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181015181509\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/10\/15\/world\/europe\/northern-ireland-brexit-border.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 15 October 2018. Retrieved\u00a015 October\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-128\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Parliamentary Reports of the Parliament of Northern Ireland, Volume 20 (1937) and\u00a0<em>The Times<\/em>, 6 January 1949; C.M. 1(49) \u2013 UK Cabinet meeting held on 12 January 1949. C.M. 1(49). \u2013 See also\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alternative_names_for_Northern_Ireland\">Alternative names for Northern Ireland<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-129\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/editorialguidelines\/page\/guidance-uk-full#style-and-language\">&#8220;Editorial Policy, Guidance Note&#8221;<\/a>. BBC. n.d.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120303233555\/http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/editorialguidelines\/page\/guidance-uk-full#style-and-language\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 3 March 2012. Retrieved\u00a020 April\u00a02012.\u00a0&#8220;The term &#8220;province&#8221; is often used synonymously with Northern Ireland and it is normally appropriate to make secondary references to &#8220;the province&#8221;.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-130\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/sinnfein.ie\/history\">&#8220;Sinn F\u00e9in usage of &#8220;Six Counties&#8221;&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinn_F%C3%A9in\">Sinn F\u00e9in<\/a>. 14 August 1969.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100614042448\/http:\/\/www.sinnfein.ie\/history\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 14 June 2010. Retrieved\u00a016 June\u00a02010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-131\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Brendan O&#8217;Brien (1999).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=Io085Nl0CJQC&amp;pg=PA166\"><em>The Long War: The IRA and Sinn F\u00e9in<\/em><\/a>. Syracuse University Press. p.\u00a0167.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-815-60597-3\"><bdi>978-0-815-60597-3<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200806232810\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=Io085Nl0CJQC&amp;pg=PA166\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved\u00a022 August\u00a02017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-132\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20051222180049\/http:\/\/www.irishfreedomcommittee.net\/FAQs.htm\">&#8220;FAQs \u2013 The Irish Freedom Committee\u2122&#8221;<\/a>. Irish Freedom Committee. 6 May 2007. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.irishfreedomcommittee.net\/FAQs.htm\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 22 December 2005. Retrieved\u00a016 June\u00a02010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-133\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Andrew Sanders (2011).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=PcdvAAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA114\"><em>Inside the IRA: Dissident Republicans and the War for Legitimacy<\/em><\/a>. Edinburgh University Press. p.\u00a0114.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-748-68812-8\"><bdi>978-0-748-68812-8<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200806214948\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=PcdvAAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA114\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved\u00a022 August\u00a02017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-134\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Robert William White (2006).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=Ukzbp2i3TvgC&amp;pg=PA163\"><em>Ruair\u00ed \u00d3 Br\u00e1daigh: The Life and Politics of an Irish Revolutionary<\/em><\/a>. Edinburgh University Press. p.\u00a0163.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-253-34708-4\"><bdi>978-0-253-34708-4<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200806204507\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=Ukzbp2i3TvgC&amp;pg=PA163\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved\u00a022 August\u00a02017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-135\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0John Horgan (2011).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=ekm2dmSDF_cC&amp;pg=PA174\"><em>Terrorism Studies: A Reader<\/em><\/a>. Routledge. p.\u00a0174.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-415-45504-6\"><bdi>978-0-415-45504-6<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200806225033\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=ekm2dmSDF_cC&amp;pg=PA174\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved\u00a022 August\u00a02017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-136\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/world-location-news\/how-much-do-you-know-about-norn-iron\">How much do you know about &#8216;Norn Iron&#8217;?<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151101002648\/https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/world-location-news\/how-much-do-you-know-about-norn-iron\">Archived<\/a>\u00a01 November 2015 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>, British Embassy Ashgabat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-137\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Taylor, Daniel; Murray, Ewan; Hytner, David; Burnton, Simon; Glendenning, Barry (9 September 2013).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/football\/blog\/2013\/sep\/09\/world-cup-qualifiers-talking-points\">&#8220;World Cup qualifiers: 10 talking points from the weekend&#8217;s action&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Guardian<\/em>. UK.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130910074603\/http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/football\/blog\/2013\/sep\/09\/world-cup-qualifiers-talking-points\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 10 September 2013. Retrieved\u00a09 September\u00a02013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-138\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-northern-ireland-57932848\">&#8220;NI temperature record broken for third time in a week&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>BBC News<\/em>. British Broadcasting Corporation. 22 July 2021.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210722160920\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-northern-ireland-57932848\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved\u00a022 July\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-139\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110405132857\/http:\/\/www.metoffice.gov.uk\/climate\/uk\/2010\/december.html\">&#8220;MetO2010-12: December 2010&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Met_Office\">Met Office<\/a>. January 2011. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.metoffice.gov.uk\/climate\/uk\/2010\/december.html\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 5 April 2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-140\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.treecouncil.ie\/native-irish-trees\">Native Species<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220409023345\/https:\/\/www.treecouncil.ie\/native-irish-trees\">Archived<\/a>\u00a09 April 2022 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tree_Council_of_Ireland\">Tree Council of Ireland<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-141\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.forestresearch.gov.uk\/documents\/5189\/WAPR2018_sUui5YW.pdf\">&#8220;Woodland Area, Planting and Publicly Funded Restocking \u2013 2018 Edition&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190130053721\/https:\/\/www.forestresearch.gov.uk\/documents\/5189\/WAPR2018_sUui5YW.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a030 January 2019 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Forestry_Commission\">Forestry Commission<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-142\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.woodlandtrust.org.uk\/mediafile\/100821804\/10664-ni-welcome-leaflet-update-final-dec-2017.pdf\">Welcome to the Woodland Trust in Northern Ireland<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190130053159\/https:\/\/www.woodlandtrust.org.uk\/mediafile\/100821804\/10664-ni-welcome-leaflet-update-final-dec-2017.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a030 January 2019 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Woodland_Trust\">Woodland Trust<\/a>, December 2017.;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/uk-northern-ireland-14381277\">&#8220;Trust&#8217;s fears for Northern Ireland tree cover&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190201180746\/https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/uk-northern-ireland-14381277\">Archived<\/a>\u00a01 February 2019 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_News\">BBC News<\/a>, 2 August 2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Trust_143-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.daera-ni.gov.uk\/articles\/species-northern-ireland\">&#8220;Common Lizard (Zootoca vivipara)&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs<\/em>. 21 August 2015.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230723105103\/https:\/\/www.daera-ni.gov.uk\/articles\/species-northern-ireland\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved\u00a023 July\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-144\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Morton, O. 1994.\u00a0<em>Marine Algae of Northern Ireland<\/em>. Ulster Museum.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-900761-28-8\">0-900761-28-8<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-146\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/news\/ireland\/irish-news\/new-super-councils-begin-work-in-northern-ireland-1.2160407\">&#8220;New &#8216;super councils&#8217; begin work in Northern Ireland&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Irish Times<\/em>. 1 April 2015.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150626145839\/http:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/news\/ireland\/irish-news\/new-super-councils-begin-work-in-northern-ireland-1.2160407\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved\u00a027 May\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-147\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Price, Ryan.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.irishpost.com\/life-style\/five-places-in-northern-ireland-included-in-best-places-to-live-in-britain-list-151651\">&#8220;Five places in Northern Ireland included in Best Places to Live in Britain list \u2013 The Irish Post&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210413211215\/https:\/\/www.irishpost.com\/life-style\/five-places-in-northern-ireland-included-in-best-places-to-live-in-britain-list-151651\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved\u00a05 August\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-2021_populations_148-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/build.nisra.gov.uk\/en\/custom\/viewdata?d=PEOPLE&amp;v=SETTLEMENT15&amp;~SETTLEMENT15=N11000151+N11000243+N11000438+N11000447+N11000218+N11000564+N11000559+N11000099+N11000040+N11000537+N11000153\">&#8220;Settlement 2015&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>NISRA<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230820072644\/https:\/\/build.nisra.gov.uk\/en\/custom\/viewdata?d=PEOPLE&amp;v=SETTLEMENT15&amp;~SETTLEMENT15=N11000151+N11000243+N11000438+N11000447+N11000218+N11000564+N11000559+N11000099+N11000040+N11000537+N11000153\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 20 August 2023. Retrieved\u00a017 August\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-149\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140401113858\/http:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/archive\/demography\/publications\/urban_rural\/ur_gaz.pdf\">&#8220;Statistical Classification and Delineation of Settlements&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. February 2005. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/archive\/demography\/publications\/urban_rural\/ur_gaz.pdf\">the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on 1 April 2014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-2021_census_main_points_151-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/system\/files\/statistics\/census-2021-main-statistics-for-northern-ireland-phase-1-statistical-bulletin-demography-and-households.pdf\">&#8220;Main statistics for Northern Ireland&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<em>NISRA<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220922093432\/https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/system\/files\/statistics\/census-2021-main-statistics-for-northern-ireland-phase-1-statistical-bulletin-demography-and-households.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved\u00a022 September\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Census_2011_152-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Census_2011_152-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Census_2011_152-2\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/Census\/key_stats_bulletin_2011.pdf\">&#8220;Census Key Stats bulletin&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NISRA\">NISRA<\/a>. 2012.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170203000751\/http:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/Census\/key_stats_bulletin_2011.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved\u00a011 December\u00a02012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Ethnic_group_census_2022_153-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Ethnic_group_census_2022_153-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/system\/files\/statistics\/census-2021-main-statistics-for-northern-ireland-phase-1-statistical-bulletin-ethnic-group.pdf\">&#8220;Main statistics for Northern Ireland&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<em>NISRA<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220922093434\/https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/system\/files\/statistics\/census-2021-main-statistics-for-northern-ireland-phase-1-statistical-bulletin-ethnic-group.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved\u00a022 September\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Country_of_birth_census_2022_154-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/system\/files\/statistics\/census-2021-main-statistics-for-northern-ireland-phase-1-statistical-bulletin-country-of-birth.pdf\">&#8220;Main statistics for Northern Ireland&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<em>NISRA<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220922093436\/https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/system\/files\/statistics\/census-2021-main-statistics-for-northern-ireland-phase-1-statistical-bulletin-country-of-birth.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved\u00a022 September\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-155\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/uk-northern-ireland-28031873\">&#8220;NI migrant population triples in decade, says study&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181020140657\/https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/uk-northern-ireland-28031873\">Archived<\/a>\u00a020 October 2018 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>. BBC News. 26 June 2014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-156\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/build.nisra.gov.uk\/en\/custom\/data?d=PEOPLE&amp;v=NAT_ID_BRITISH\">&#8220;National Identity (British)&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>NISRA<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230820073156\/https:\/\/build.nisra.gov.uk\/en\/custom\/data?d=PEOPLE&amp;v=NAT_ID_BRITISH\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 20 August 2023. Retrieved\u00a018 August\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-157\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/build.nisra.gov.uk\/en\/custom\/data?d=PEOPLE&amp;v=NAT_ID_IRISH_AGG3\">&#8220;National Identity (Irish)&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>NISRA<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230820073158\/https:\/\/build.nisra.gov.uk\/en\/custom\/data?d=PEOPLE&amp;v=NAT_ID_IRISH_AGG3\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 20 August 2023. Retrieved\u00a018 August\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-158\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/build.nisra.gov.uk\/en\/custom\/data?v=&amp;d=PEOPLE&amp;v=NAT_ID_NORTHERN_IRISH_AGG3\">&#8220;National Identity (Northern Irish)&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>NISRA<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230820073158\/https:\/\/build.nisra.gov.uk\/en\/custom\/data?v=&amp;d=PEOPLE&amp;v=NAT_ID_NORTHERN_IRISH_AGG3\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 20 August 2023. Retrieved\u00a018 August\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-2021_national_identity_159-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-2021_national_identity_159-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/system\/files\/statistics\/census-2021-main-statistics-for-northern-ireland-phase-1-statistical-bulletin-national-identity.pdf\">&#8220;Main statistics for Northern Ireland \u2013 Statistical bulletin \u2013 National identity&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230316223405\/https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/system\/files\/statistics\/census-2021-main-statistics-for-northern-ireland-phase-1-statistical-bulletin-national-identity.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved\u00a022 September\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-2011_Census_data_160-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-2011_Census_data_160-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-2011_Census_data_160-2\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/sites\/nisra.gov.uk\/files\/publications\/2011-census-results-key-statistics-summary-report.pdf\">&#8220;Northern Ireland Census 2011 Key Statistics Summary Report&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<em>NISRA<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220922201937\/https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/sites\/nisra.gov.uk\/files\/publications\/2011-census-results-key-statistics-summary-report.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved\u00a022 September\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-161\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/build.nisra.gov.uk\/en\/custom\/viewdata?d=PEOPLE&amp;v=COUNTY_NI&amp;v=NAT_ID_BASIC\">&#8220;National identity (person based) &#8211; basic detail (classification 1)&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>NISRA<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230818094359\/https:\/\/build.nisra.gov.uk\/en\/custom\/viewdata?d=PEOPLE&amp;v=COUNTY_NI&amp;v=NAT_ID_BASIC\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved\u00a018 August\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-162\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/build.nisra.gov.uk\/en\/custom\/viewdata?d=PEOPLE&amp;v=COUNTY_NI&amp;v=NAT_ID_IRISH_AGG3&amp;~NAT_ID_IRISH_AGG3=1+2\">&#8220;National Identity (Irish)&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>NISRA<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230818094358\/https:\/\/build.nisra.gov.uk\/en\/custom\/viewdata?d=PEOPLE&amp;v=COUNTY_NI&amp;v=NAT_ID_IRISH_AGG3&amp;~NAT_ID_IRISH_AGG3=1+2\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved\u00a018 August\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-163\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/build.nisra.gov.uk\/en\/custom\/viewdata?d=PEOPLE&amp;v=COUNTY_NI&amp;v=NAT_ID_BRITISH&amp;~NAT_ID_BRITISH=1+2\">&#8220;National Identity (British)&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>NISRA<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230818094353\/https:\/\/build.nisra.gov.uk\/en\/custom\/viewdata?d=PEOPLE&amp;v=COUNTY_NI&amp;v=NAT_ID_BRITISH&amp;~NAT_ID_BRITISH=1+2\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved\u00a018 August\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-164\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/build.nisra.gov.uk\/en\/custom\/viewdata?d=PEOPLE&amp;v=COUNTY_NI&amp;v=NAT_ID_NORTHERN_IRISH_AGG3&amp;~NAT_ID_NORTHERN_IRISH_AGG3=1+2\">&#8220;National Identity (Northern Irish)&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>NISRA<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230818094359\/https:\/\/build.nisra.gov.uk\/en\/custom\/viewdata?d=PEOPLE&amp;v=COUNTY_NI&amp;v=NAT_ID_NORTHERN_IRISH_AGG3&amp;~NAT_ID_NORTHERN_IRISH_AGG3=1+2\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved\u00a018 August\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-2021_religion_165-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-2021_religion_165-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-2021_religion_165-2\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-2021_religion_165-3\"><sup><em><strong>d<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-2021_religion_165-4\"><sup><em><strong>e<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/system\/files\/statistics\/census-2021-main-statistics-for-northern-ireland-phase-1-statistical-bulletin-religion.pdf\">&#8220;Main statistics for Northern Ireland Statistical bulletin \u2013 Religion&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<em>NISRA<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230326045543\/https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/system\/files\/statistics\/census-2021-main-statistics-for-northern-ireland-phase-1-statistical-bulletin-religion.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved\u00a022 September\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-ReferenceA_166-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-ReferenceA_166-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Census 2011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-first_catholic_majority_167-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-northern-ireland-62980394\">&#8220;Census 2021: More from Catholic background in NI than Protestant&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>BBC News<\/em>. 22 September 2022.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220922001732\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-northern-ireland-62980394\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved\u00a022 September\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-2001_key_statistics_168-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/sites\/nisra.gov.uk\/files\/publications\/2001-census-results-key-statistics-report-tables.pdf\">&#8220;Key Statistics Table&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<em>NISRA<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220922220304\/https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/sites\/nisra.gov.uk\/files\/publications\/2001-census-results-key-statistics-report-tables.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved\u00a022 September\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-religion_brought_up_in_169-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/build.nisra.gov.uk\/en\/custom\/data?d=PEOPLE&amp;v=COUNTY_NI&amp;v=RELIGION_BELONG_TO_OR_BROUGHT_UP_IN_DVO&amp;%7ECOUNTY_NI=6\">&#8220;Religion or religion brought up in&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>NISRA<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230820072645\/https:\/\/build.nisra.gov.uk\/en\/custom\/data?d=PEOPLE&amp;v=COUNTY_NI&amp;v=RELIGION_BELONG_TO_OR_BROUGHT_UP_IN_DVO&amp;%7ECOUNTY_NI=6\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 20 August 2023. Retrieved\u00a017 August\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-170\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Breen, R., Devine, P. and Dowds, L. (editors), 1996:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-86281-593-2\">0-86281-593-2<\/a>. Chapter 2\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/cain.ulst.ac.uk\/othelem\/research\/nisas\/rep5c2.htm\">&#8216;Who Wants a United Ireland? Constitutional Preferences among Catholics and Protestants&#8217; by Richard Breen (1996), in, Social Attitudes in Northern Ireland: The Fifth Report<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181226220013\/http:\/\/cain.ulst.ac.uk\/othelem\/research\/nisas\/rep5c2.htm\">Archived<\/a>\u00a026 December 2018 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>\u00a0Retrieved 24 August 2006; Summary: In 1989\u20141994, 79% Protestants replied &#8220;British&#8221; or &#8220;Ulster&#8221;, 60% of Catholics replied &#8220;Irish.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-171\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ark.ac.uk\/nilt\/1999\/Community_Relations\/NINATID.html\">Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey, 1999; Module:Community Relations, Variable:NINATID<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110510203944\/http:\/\/www.ark.ac.uk\/nilt\/1999\/Community_Relations\/NINATID.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a010 May 2011 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>\u00a0Summary:72% of Protestants replied &#8220;British&#8221;. 68% of Catholics replied &#8220;Irish&#8221;.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-172\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ark.ac.uk\/nilt\/1999\/Community_Relations\/BRITISH.html\">Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey. Module:Community Relations. Variable:BRITISH.<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110610101029\/http:\/\/www.ark.ac.uk\/nilt\/1999\/Community_Relations\/BRITISH.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a010 June 2011 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>\u00a0Summary: 78% of Protestants replied &#8220;Strongly British.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-173\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ark.ac.uk\/nilt\/1999\/Community_Relations\/IRISH.html\">Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey, 1999; Module:Community Relations, Variable:IRISH<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110610101003\/http:\/\/www.ark.ac.uk\/nilt\/1999\/Community_Relations\/IRISH.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a010 June 2011 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>\u00a0Summary: 77% of Catholics replied &#8220;Strongly Irish.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-174\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Institute of Governance, 2006\u00a0<em>&#8220;National identities in the UK: do they matter?&#8221;<\/em>\u00a0Briefing No. 16, January 2006; Retrieved from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20060822152404\/http:\/\/www.institute-of-governance.org\/forum\/Leverhulme\/briefing_pdfs\/IoG_Briefing_16.pdf\">&#8220;IoG_Briefing&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.institute-of-governance.org\/forum\/Leverhulme\/briefing_pdfs\/IoG_Briefing_16.pdf\">the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on 22 August 2006.\u00a0(211\u00a0KB)\u00a0on 24 August 2006. Extract: &#8220;Three-quarters of Northern Ireland&#8217;s Protestants regard themselves as British, but only 12 percent of Northern Ireland&#8217;s Catholics do so. Conversely, a majority of Catholics (65%) regard themselves as Irish, whilst very few Protestants (5%) do likewise. Very few Catholics (1%) compared to Protestants (19%) claim an Ulster identity but a Northern Irish identity is shared in broadly equal measure across religious traditions.&#8221;<em>Details from attitude surveys are in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Demographics_and_politics_of_Northern_Ireland\">Demographics and politics of Northern Ireland<\/a>.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-175\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070927051820\/http:\/\/www.esrcsocietytoday.ac.uk\/ESRCInfoCentre\/Plain_English_Summaries\/governance_and_citizenship\/structure\/index32.aspx?ComponentId=17242&amp;SourcePageId=11746\">&#8220;L219252024 \u2013 Public Attitudes to Devolution and National Identity in Northern Ireland&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>University of York Research Project 2002\u20132003<\/em>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.esrcsocietytoday.ac.uk\/ESRCInfoCentre\/Plain_English_Summaries\/governance_and_citizenship\/structure\/index32.aspx?ComponentId=17242&amp;SourcePageId=11746\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 27 September 2007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-176\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Northern Ireland: Constitutional Proposals and the Problem of Identity, by J. R. Archer The Review of Politics, 1978<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-177\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Joseph Ruane and Jennifer Todd.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070510015756\/http:\/\/www.ucd.ie\/spire\/text%20files\/todd-achangedirishnationalism.pdf\">&#8220;Chapter 7 > A changed Irish nationalism? The significance of the Belfast Agreement of 1998&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ucd.ie\/spire\/text%20files\/todd-achangedirishnationalism.pdf\">the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on 10 May 2007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-178\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ark.ac.uk\/nilt\/2008\/Community_Relations\/NINATID.html\">&#8220;Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey, 2008; Module:Community Relations, Variable:IRISH&#8221;<\/a>. Ark.ac.uk. 17 May 2007.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110610101049\/http:\/\/www.ark.ac.uk\/nilt\/2008\/Community_Relations\/NINATID.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 10 June 2011. Retrieved\u00a016 June\u00a02010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-179\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ark.ac.uk\/nilt\/1998\/Community_Relations\/NINATID.html\">&#8220;Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey, 1998; Module:Community Relations, Variable:IRISH&#8221;<\/a>. Ark.ac.uk. 9 May 2003.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110610044347\/http:\/\/www.ark.ac.uk\/nilt\/1998\/Community_Relations\/NINATID.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 10 June 2011. Retrieved\u00a016 June\u00a02010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-180\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.taoiseach.gov.ie\/eng\/?docID=243\">&#8220;Department of the Taoiseach&#8221;<\/a>. Taoiseach.gov.ie.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100701034610\/http:\/\/www.taoiseach.gov.ie\/eng\/?docID=243\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 1 July 2010. Retrieved\u00a016 June\u00a02010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-181\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/697987\/Gov_uk_fees_revision_2018.pdf\">&#8220;Home Office Immigration &amp; Nationality Charges 2018&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Home_Office\">Home Office<\/a>. 6 April 2018.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180530035148\/https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/697987\/Gov_uk_fees_revision_2018.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0from the original on 30 May 2018. Retrieved\u00a012 September\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-passport_held_2021_182-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/system\/files\/statistics\/census-2021-main-statistics-for-northern-ireland-phase-1-statistical-bulletin-passports-held.pdf\">&#8220;Main statistics for Northern Ireland Statistical bulletin \u2013 Passports held&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<em>NISRA<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220922093444\/https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/system\/files\/statistics\/census-2021-main-statistics-for-northern-ireland-phase-1-statistical-bulletin-passports-held.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved\u00a022 September\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-2022_Language_183-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-2022_Language_183-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-2022_Language_183-2\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/system\/files\/statistics\/census-2021-main-statistics-for-northern-ireland-phase-1-statistical-bulletin-language.pdf\">&#8220;Main statistics for Northern Ireland Statistical bulletin \u2013 Language&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<em>NISRA<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220922093432\/https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/system\/files\/statistics\/census-2021-main-statistics-for-northern-ireland-phase-1-statistical-bulletin-language.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved\u00a022 September\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-184\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20111003065655\/http:\/\/www.nio.gov.uk\/agreement.pdf\">&#8220;The Agreement&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nio.gov.uk\/agreement.pdf\">the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on 3 October 2011.\u00a0(204\u00a0KB)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-185\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.coe.int\/t\/dg4\/education\/minlang\/report\/EvaluationReports\/UKECRML3_en.pdf\">&#8220;Council of Europe Charter monitoring report, 2010&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171010150121\/https:\/\/www.coe.int\/t\/dg4\/education\/minlang\/report\/EvaluationReports\/UKECRML3_en.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved\u00a07 August\u00a02013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Census_2021_Phase_2_Bulletin_186-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/system\/files\/statistics\/census-2021-main-statistics-for-northern-ireland-phase-2-report.pdf\">&#8220;Census 2021 Main statistics for Northern Ireland Phase 2 December 2022&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<em>NISRA<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230102173056\/https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/system\/files\/statistics\/census-2021-main-statistics-for-northern-ireland-phase-2-report.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0from the original on 2 January 2023. Retrieved\u00a05 January\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-187\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Markku Filppula (2005).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=aPPexF5hyIkC&amp;q=DIALECT+OF+NORTHERN+IRELAND+COMES+FROM+SCOTLAND&amp;pg=PA90\"><em>Dialects across borders<\/em><\/a>. John Benjamins Publishing Co, Amsterdam. p.\u00a090.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-9027247872\"><bdi>978-9027247872<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210413214714\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=aPPexF5hyIkC&amp;q=DIALECT+OF+NORTHERN+IRELAND+COMES+FROM+SCOTLAND&amp;pg=PA90\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved\u00a02 January\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-188\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Donnan, Hastings; Wilson, Thomas M. (2020).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=V0UHEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Northern+Ireland++differences+in+pronunciation+between+Protestants+and+Catholics&amp;pg=PT111\"><em>The Anthropology of Ireland<\/em><\/a>. Routledge.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-000-18999-5\"><bdi>978-1-000-18999-5<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230404132331\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=V0UHEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Northern+Ireland++differences+in+pronunciation+between+Protestants+and+Catholics&amp;pg=PT111\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved\u00a029 November\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-189\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Ryan, James G. (1997).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/irishrecordssour0000ryan_s8k7\/page\/40\"><em>Irish Records: Sources for Family and Local History<\/em><\/a>. Flyleaf Press. p.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/irishrecordssour0000ryan_s8k7\/page\/40\">40<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-916489-76-2\"><bdi>978-0-916489-76-2<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-190\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.historyireland.com\/20th-century-contemporary-history\/presbyterians-and-the-irish-language-roger-blaney-ulster-historical-foundationthe-ultach-trust-6-50-isbn-0-901905-75-5\/\">&#8220;Presbyterians and the Irish Language Roger Blaney (Ulster Historical Foundation\/The Ultach Trust, \u00a36.50) ISBN 0-901905-75-5&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>History Ireland<\/em>. 28 January 2013.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200612171721\/https:\/\/www.historyireland.com\/20th-century-contemporary-history\/presbyterians-and-the-irish-language-roger-blaney-ulster-historical-foundationthe-ultach-trust-6-50-isbn-0-901905-75-5\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved\u00a012 June\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Survey-NorthernIreland_191-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Survey-NorthernIreland_191-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Northern Ireland LIFE &amp; TIMES Survey:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ark.ac.uk\/nilt\/1999\/Community_Relations\/MAINLANG.html\">What is the main language spoken in your own home?<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110610101441\/http:\/\/www.ark.ac.uk\/nilt\/1999\/Community_Relations\/MAINLANG.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a010 June 2011 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-pipex1_192-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090416045904\/http:\/\/www.ultach.dsl.pipex.com\/english\/faqs.htm\">&#8220;Frequently-Asked Questions about the Irish Language&#8221;<\/a>. Ultach. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ultach.dsl.pipex.com\/english\/faqs.htm\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 16 April 2009. Retrieved\u00a07 February\u00a02012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-193\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0The Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 (No. 759 (N.I. 5))<a href=\"http:\/\/www.statutelaw.gov.uk\/content.aspx?LegType=All+Primary&amp;PageNumber=25&amp;NavFrom=2&amp;parentActiveTextDocId=1011237&amp;activetextdocid=1011254\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200409203049\/http:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/nisi\/1995\/759\/part\/crossheading\/street-names-and-numbering-of-buildings\">Archived<\/a>\u00a09 April 2020 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-194\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/uk-moves-to-make-irish-language-official-in-northern-ireland\/\">&#8220;UK to make Irish an official language in Northern Ireland&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>POLITICO<\/em>. 25 May 2022.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220527151739\/https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/uk-moves-to-make-irish-language-official-in-northern-ireland\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved\u00a028 May\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-195\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bills.parliament.uk\/bills\/3168\/publications\">[3]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220529205121\/https:\/\/bills.parliament.uk\/bills\/3168\/publications\">Archived<\/a>\u00a029 May 2022 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>\u00a0Identity and Language (Northern Ireland) Bill [HL]. Government Bill, House of Lords Session 2022\u201323,\u00a0<em>UK Parliament (parliament.uk)<\/em>. Retrieved 28 May 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-196\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Ainsworth, Paul (6 December 2022).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.irishnews.com\/news\/2022\/12\/06\/news\/_historic_milestone_passed_as_irish_language_legislation_becomes_law-2932333\/\">&#8220;&#8216;Historic milestone&#8217; passed as Irish language legislation becomes law&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Irish News<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221212015026\/https:\/\/www.irishnews.com\/news\/2022\/12\/06\/news\/_historic_milestone_passed_as_irish_language_legislation_becomes_law-2932333\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved\u00a03 August\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-197\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Keenan, Dan (9 January 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/news\/education\/loyalists-line-up-to-learn-c%C3%BApla-focail-at-language-classes-in-heart-of-east-belfast-1.1650239\">&#8220;Loyalists line up to learn c\u00fapla focail at language classes in heart of east Belfast&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Irish Times<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170202020125\/http:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/news\/education\/loyalists-line-up-to-learn-c%C3%BApla-focail-at-language-classes-in-heart-of-east-belfast-1.1650239\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved\u00a027 January\u00a02016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Poilin-BBC_198-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Aodan Mac Poilin, 1999,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/northernireland\/learning\/history\/stateapart\/agreement\/culture\/support\/cul2_c011.shtml\">&#8220;Language, Identity and Politics in Northern Ireland&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200821033808\/http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/northernireland\/learning\/history\/stateapart\/agreement\/culture\/support\/cul2_c011.shtml\">Archived<\/a>\u00a021 August 2020 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>\u00a0in Ulster Folk Life Vol. 45, 1999<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-199\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061104144328\/http:\/\/www.nio.gov.uk\/st_andrews_agreement.pdf\">&#8220;St Andrews Agreement&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nio.gov.uk\/st_andrews_agreement.pdf\">the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on 4 November 2006.\u00a0(131\u00a0KB)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-Janzen_200-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Janzen, Terry (2005).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=ylfJtF3vQUwC\"><em>Topics in Signed Language Interpreting: Theory And Practice<\/em><\/a>. Amsterdam:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Benjamins_Publishing_Company\">John Benjamins Publishing Company<\/a>. pp.\u00a0256 &amp; 265.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-90-272-1669-4\"><bdi>978-90-272-1669-4<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_(identifier)\">OCLC<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/oclc\/60742155\">60742155<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210413214608\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=ylfJtF3vQUwC\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved\u00a022 June\u00a02008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-dcal_201-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110109104308\/http:\/\/www.dcalni.gov.uk\/index\/languages\/sign_language.htm\">&#8220;Sign Language&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Department_of_Culture,_Arts_and_Leisure\">Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dcalni.gov.uk\/index\/languages\/sign_language.htm\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 9 January 2011. Retrieved\u00a022 June\u00a02008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-202\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110520115301\/http:\/\/www.nio.gov.uk\/paul-murphy-announces-recognition-for-sign-language\/media-detail.htm?newsID=8540\">&#8220;Paul Murphy announces recognition for sign language&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland_Office\">Northern Ireland Office<\/a>. 30 March 2004. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nio.gov.uk\/paul-murphy-announces-recognition-for-sign-language\/media-detail.htm?newsID=8540\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 20 May 2011. Retrieved\u00a022 June\u00a02008.\u00a0<q>I am pleased to announce formal recognition for both British and Irish Sign Languages in Northern Ireland.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-203\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/populationandmigration\/populationestimates\/bulletins\/annualmidyearpopulationestimates\/mid2019estimates#ageing\">&#8220;Population estimates for the UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland: mid-2019&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>ons.gov.uk<\/em>. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved\u00a03 April\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-enrolment2122_204-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.education-ni.gov.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/education\/Revised%2011th%20March%202022%20-%20Annual%20enrolments%20at%20schools%20and%20in%20funded%20pre-school%20education%20in%20Northern%20Ireland%2C%202021-22.pdf\">&#8220;Annual enrolments at schools and in funded pre-school education in Northern Ireland 2021\u201322&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<em>education-ni.gov.uk<\/em>. Department of Education. Retrieved\u00a03 April\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-205\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.economy-ni.gov.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/economy\/FE-Sector-Activity-Statistical-Bulletin-16-17-to-2021_0.pdf\">&#8220;Further Education Sector Activity in Northern Ireland: 2016\/17 to 2020\/21&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<em>economy-ni.gov.uk<\/em>. Department for the Economy. Retrieved\u00a03 April\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-206\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.economy-ni.gov.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/economy\/HEI-enrolments-bulletin-2019-20.pdf\">&#8220;Enrolments at UK Higher Education Institutions: Northern Ireland Analysis 2019\/20&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<em>economy-ni.gov.uk<\/em>. Department for the Economy. Retrieved\u00a03 April\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-207\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cafre.ac.uk\/about-us\/why-cafre\/\">&#8220;Why CAFRE?&#8221;<\/a>. CAFRE. Retrieved\u00a03 April\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-208\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Baraniuk, Chris (31 January 2024).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/384\/bmj.q270\">&#8220;Northern Ireland&#8217;s doctors are relieved as Stormont is set to return\u2014but will funds go far enough?&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>BMJ<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>384<\/strong>: q270.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136%2Fbmj.q270\">10.1136\/bmj.q270<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38296346\">38296346<\/a>. Retrieved\u00a011 February\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-209\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230809212348\/https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/sites\/nisra.gov.uk\/files\/publications\/NI-Composite-Economic-Index-Q1-2021.pdf\">&#8220;Economic Activity in Northern Ireland Q1 2021&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/sites\/nisra.gov.uk\/files\/publications\/NI-Composite-Economic-Index-Q1-2021.pdf\">the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on 9 August 2023. Retrieved\u00a09 August\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-210\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221218132806\/https:\/\/growthbusiness.co.uk\/a-guide-to-the-belfast-tech-hub-2560721\/\">&#8220;A guide to the Belfast tech hub&#8221;<\/a>. 27 October 2022. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/growthbusiness.co.uk\/a-guide-to-the-belfast-tech-hub-2560721\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 18 December 2022. Retrieved\u00a013 August\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-211\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230813094249\/https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/more-than-100-investors-confirmed-for-summit-in-northern-ireland\">&#8220;More than 100 investors confirmed for summit in Northern Ireland&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/more-than-100-investors-confirmed-for-summit-in-northern-ireland\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 13 August 2023. Retrieved\u00a013 August\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-212\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230807194309\/https:\/\/www.tourismni.com\/research-insights\/tourism-performance-statistics\/\">&#8220;Tourism Performance Statistics&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tourismni.com\/research-insights\/tourism-performance-statistics\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 7 August 2023. Retrieved\u00a07 August\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-213\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230807194955\/https:\/\/discovernorthernireland.com\/blog\/read\/2020\/06\/getting-around-northern-ireland-b89\">&#8220;Getting around Northern Ireland&#8221;<\/a>. 25 June 2020. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/discovernorthernireland.com\/blog\/read\/2020\/06\/getting-around-northern-ireland-b89\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 7 August 2023. Retrieved\u00a07 August\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-214\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230804195613\/https:\/\/www.harland-wolff.com\/facilities\/belfast\/\">&#8220;Harland &amp; Wolff Facilities&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.harland-wolff.com\/facilities\/belfast\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 4 August 2023. Retrieved\u00a04 August\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-215\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230804200932\/https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/business\/northern-ireland\/harland-and-wolff-secures-contract-to-carry-out-work-on-cruise-liners-queen-victoria-and-aurora\/41547352.html\">&#8220;Harland and Wolff secures contract to carry out work on cruise liners Queen Victoria and Aurora&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Belfasttelegraph.co.uk<\/em>. 12 April 2022. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/business\/northern-ireland\/harland-and-wolff-secures-contract-to-carry-out-work-on-cruise-liners-queen-victoria-and-aurora\/41547352.html\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 4 August 2023. Retrieved\u00a04 August\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-216\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230803194209\/https:\/\/www.daera-ni.gov.uk\/news\/minister-poots-serves-100-years-food-history\">&#8220;Minister Poots serves up 100 years of food history&#8221;<\/a>. 15 October 2021. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.daera-ni.gov.uk\/news\/minister-poots-serves-100-years-food-history\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 3 August 2023. Retrieved\u00a03 August\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-217\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230803193646\/https:\/\/www.daera-ni.gov.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/daera\/Agricultural%20Census%202022%20Publication_1.pdf\">&#8220;Agricultural Census in Northern Ireland 2022&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.daera-ni.gov.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/daera\/Agricultural%20Census%202022%20Publication_1.pdf\">the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on 3 August 2023. Retrieved\u00a03 August\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-218\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230810193423\/https:\/\/www.investni.com\/media-centre\/features\/northern-ireland-market-access-great-britain-and-european-union\">&#8220;Northern Ireland: Market Access to Great Britain and the European Union&#8221;<\/a>. 15 February 2021. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.investni.com\/media-centre\/features\/northern-ireland-market-access-great-britain-and-european-union\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 10 August 2023. Retrieved\u00a010 August\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-219\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230917092412\/https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/2374801\">&#8220;Northern Ireland puts itself on the global map&#8221;<\/a>. 16 September 2023. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/2374801\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 17 September 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-nitrade_220-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-nitrade_220-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230725144232\/https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/sites\/nisra.gov.uk\/files\/publications\/Overview-of-NI-Trade-April-2023.pdf\">&#8220;Overview of Northern Ireland Trade&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/sites\/nisra.gov.uk\/files\/publications\/Overview-of-NI-Trade-April-2023.pdf\">the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on 25 July 2023. Retrieved\u00a025 July\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-221\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/uk-northern-ireland-66297150\">&#8220;All-Island Rail Review: Londonderry to Portadown line recommended&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>BBC News<\/em>. 25 July 2023.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230726083037\/https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/uk-northern-ireland-66297150\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved\u00a026 July\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-222\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/michael-palins-favourite-railway-line-between-coleraine-and-derry-in-northern-ireland-set-to-re-open-following-upgrade\/35227689.html\">&#8220;Michael Palin&#8217;s favourite railway line &#8211; between Coleraine and Derry in Northern Ireland&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Belfasttelegraph.co.uk<\/em>. 18 November 2016.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230726073856\/https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/michael-palins-favourite-railway-line-between-coleraine-and-derry-in-northern-ireland-set-to-re-open-following-upgrade\/35227689.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved\u00a026 July\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-223\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tripadvisor.co.uk\/Attractions-g186469-Activities-Northern_Ireland.html\">&#8220;Things to Do in Northern Ireland&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230726201641\/https:\/\/www.tripadvisor.co.uk\/Attractions-g186469-Activities-Northern_Ireland.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved\u00a026 July\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-224\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/cain.ulst.ac.uk\/issues\/parade\/summary.htm\">Parades and Marches \u2013 A Summary of the Issue<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150824111620\/http:\/\/cain.ulst.ac.uk\/issues\/parade\/summary.htm\">Archived<\/a>\u00a024 August 2015 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conflict_Archive_on_the_Internet\">Conflict Archive on the Internet<\/a>\u00a0(CAIN).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-bryan130_225-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Bryan, Dominic.\u00a0<em>Orange Parades: The Politics of Ritual, Tradition and Control<\/em>. Pluto Press, 2000. p. 130<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-226\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/uk-northern-ireland-25429676\">&#8220;NI talks issues explained: flags, parades, the past and welfare reform&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210420061257\/https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/uk-northern-ireland-25429676\">Archived<\/a>\u00a020 April 2021 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>. BBC News, 12 December 2014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-NI_logo_227-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Northern Ireland Assembly Information Office.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20101013063735\/http:\/\/www.niassembly.gov.uk\/io\/logo.htm\">&#8220;Northern Ireland Assembly logo&#8221;<\/a>. Niassembly.gov.uk. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.niassembly.gov.uk\/io\/logo.htm\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 13 October 2010. Retrieved\u00a013 November\u00a02010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-228\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Alan O&#8217;Day, ed. (1987),\u00a0<em>Reactions To Irish Nationalism, 1865\u20131914<\/em>, London: Hambledon Press,\u00a0<q>With the Rising of 1916 a break took place in national symbolism which was most visibly manifested in the national flag and the anthem which the young Irish nation accepted. The demise of the Parliamentary Party stands in direct parallel to the just as rapidly diminishing power of its symbols. The green flag and &#8216;God save Ireland&#8217; began to be discredited as symbols of constitutional nationalism and, instead, the symbols of revolutionary nationalism gained popularity as the majority of the Irish people identified themselves with the political aims of the Easter revolutionaries. The use of symbols made apparent that the occurrences of 1916 initiated a new epoch in Irish history much in the same as the Union of 1801 and the Famine of 1845\u20138 did.Both the national flag and the national anthem of present-day Ireland drive origins directly from the Rising. At first, it still appeared as if the revolutionaries would take over the old symbols because on the roof of their headquarters, the Dublin General Post Office, a green flag with the harp was hoisted next to the republican tricolour although with the inscription &#8216;Irish Republic&#8217;. Even &#8216;Got save Ireland&#8217; was sung by the revolutionaries during Easter week. But after the failure of the Rising and the subsequent executions of the leading revolutionaries the tricolour and &#8216;The Soldier&#8217;s Song&#8217; became more and more popular as symbols of the rebellion.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-229\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7748005.stm\">Vandals curbed by plastic edging<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170828162145\/http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7748005.stm\">Archived<\/a>\u00a028 August 2017 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>\u00a0BBC News, 25 November 2008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-230\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.opsi.gov.uk\/sr\/sr2000\/20000347.htm\">&#8220;Statutory Rule 2000 No. 347&#8221;<\/a>. Opsi.gov.uk.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20091209115902\/http:\/\/www.opsi.gov.uk\/sr\/sr2000\/20000347.htm\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 9 December 2009. Retrieved\u00a07 August\u00a02013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-231\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090618161731\/http:\/\/www.parliament.uk\/commons\/lib\/research\/briefings\/snpc-04474.pdf\">The Union Flag and Flags of the United Kingdom<\/a>\u00a0House of Commons Library, 3 June 2008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-232\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/flags.net\/NOIR.htm\">Northern Irish flags from the World Flag Database<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170913181314\/http:\/\/www.flags.net\/NOIR.htm\">Archived<\/a>\u00a013 September 2017 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-233\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Dowd, Vincent (17 June 2010).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/10294057\">&#8220;Israel and the Palestinians: The Irish connection&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_News\">BBC News<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140903214406\/http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/10294057\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved\u00a025 July\u00a02014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-234\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<em>Sport, Nationalism and Globalization: European and North American Perspectives<\/em>\u00a0by Alan Bairner (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0791449127\">978-0791449127<\/a>), p. 38<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-235\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<em>Sport, Sectarianism and Society in a Divided Ireland<\/em>\u00a0by John Sugden and Alan Bairner (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0718500184\">978-0718500184<\/a>), p. 60<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-236\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20051210203557\/http:\/\/www.fifa.com\/en\/organisation\/confederations\/associationdetails\/0%2C1483%2CNIR%2C00.html?countrycode=NIR\">&#8220;FIFA.com: Northern Ireland, Latest News&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fifa.com\/en\/organisation\/confederations\/associationdetails\/0%2C1483%2CNIR%2C00.html?countrycode=NIR\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 10 December 2005.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-237\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0John Sugden &amp; Scott Harvie (1995).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140502190044\/http:\/\/cain.ulst.ac.uk\/csc\/reports\/sugdenharvie\/sugdenharvie95-3.htm\">&#8220;Sport and Community Relations in Northern Ireland 3.2 Flags and Anthems&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/cain.ulst.ac.uk\/csc\/reports\/sugdenharvie\/sugdenharvie95-3.htm\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 2 May 2014. Retrieved\u00a026 May\u00a02008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-238\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Peter Berlin (29 December 2004).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121104100940\/http:\/\/www.highbeam.com\/doc\/1P1-103809383.html\">&#8220;Long Unsung Teams Live up to Anthems: Rugby Union&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>International Herald Tribune<\/em>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.highbeam.com\/doc\/1P1-103809383.html\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 4 November 2012. Retrieved\u00a026 May\u00a02008.\u00a0<q>the band played\u00a0<em>Nkosi Sikelel&#8217; iAfrika<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0<em>Die Stem<\/em>\u00a0for the Springboks and &#8220;Soldier&#8217;s Song&#8221;, the national anthem that is otherwise known as\u00a0<em>Amhran na bhFiann<\/em>, and &#8220;Ireland&#8217;s Call&#8221;, the team&#8217;s official rugby anthem.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-239\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ukfree.tv\/txdetail.php?a=IJ287750\">&#8220;Freeview on Divis TV transmitter | ukfree.tv \u2013 independent free digital TV advice&#8221;<\/a>. ukfree.tv.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140914001028\/http:\/\/www.ukfree.tv\/txdetail.php?a=IJ287750\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 14 September 2014. Retrieved\u00a023 August\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-240\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110927121409\/http:\/\/www.irish-tv.com\/ccarn.asp\">&#8220;Over forty years of Irish TV History&#8221;<\/a>. Irish TV. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.irish-tv.com\/ccarn.asp\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 27 September 2011. Retrieved\u00a023 August\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-241\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.advanced-television.com\/index.php\/2010\/12\/21\/rte-and-tg4-on-freeview-hd-in-northern-ireland\/\">&#8220;RT\u00c9 and TG4 on Freeview HD in Northern Ireland&#8221;<\/a>. Advanced Television. 21 December 2010.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110927035358\/http:\/\/www.advanced-television.com\/index.php\/2010\/12\/21\/rte-and-tg4-on-freeview-hd-in-northern-ireland\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved\u00a023 August\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-242\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.world-newspapers.com\/northern-ireland.html\">&#8220;Northern Ireland Newspapers&#8221;<\/a>. World-newspapers.com.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180520010834\/http:\/\/www.world-newspapers.com\/northern-ireland.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved\u00a023 August\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-243\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc.org.uk\/product?a=abc&amp;search=northern+ireland\">&#8220;abc Northern Ireland&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181025190010\/https:\/\/www.abc.org.uk\/product?a=abc&amp;search=northern+ireland\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 25 October 2018. Retrieved\u00a025 October\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-244\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc.org.uk\/product?a=abc&amp;search=northern+ireland\">&#8220;abc Northern Ireland&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181025190010\/https:\/\/www.abc.org.uk\/product?a=abc&amp;search=northern+ireland\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 25 October 2018. Retrieved\u00a030 March\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-245\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www2.royalmail.com\/customer-service\/service-updates\/northern-ireland\">&#8220;Royal Mail Customer Service \u2013 Offering help and advice&#8221;<\/a>. .royalmail.com.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140502231116\/http:\/\/www2.royalmail.com\/customer-service\/service-updates\/northern-ireland\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved\u00a023 August\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-246\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.btnorthernireland.com\/\">&#8220;BT in Northern Ireland | At home&#8221;<\/a>. Btnorthernireland.com.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150801051419\/http:\/\/btnorthernireland.com\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 1 August 2015. Retrieved\u00a023 August\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-247\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Southgate Amateur Radio Club.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.today\/20120915122648\/http:\/\/www.southgatearc.org\/news\/jan2005\/comreg_ofcom.htm\">&#8220;Comreg and Ofcom publish first report on cross-border telecoms issues&#8221;<\/a>. Southgatearc.org. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.southgatearc.org\/news\/jan2005\/comreg_ofcom.htm\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 15 September 2012. Retrieved\u00a023 August\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-248\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151108022756\/http:\/\/www.askcomreg.ie\/tell_us\/calling_northern_ireland___use_the_048_code_to_call_fixed_line_numbers.238.LE.asp\">&#8220;Calling Northern Ireland \u2013 Use the 048 code to call fixed-line numbers&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Commission_for_Communications_Regulation\">Commission for Communications Regulation<\/a>. 1 March 2007. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.askcomreg.ie\/tell_us\/calling_northern_ireland___use_the_048_code_to_call_fixed_line_numbers.238.LE.asp\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 8 November 2015. Retrieved\u00a018 October\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-theherald1_249-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-theherald1_249-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.heraldscotland.com\/how-do-other-sports-in-the-island-cope-with-the-situation-1.877873\">How do other sports in the island cope with the situation?<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150610005104\/http:\/\/www.heraldscotland.com\/how-do-other-sports-in-the-island-cope-with-the-situation-1.877873\">Archived<\/a>\u00a010 June 2015 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>\u00a0The Herald, 3 April 2008<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-250\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230722181712\/http:\/\/www.sportni.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1.-List-Of-Recognised-Governing-Bodies.pdf\">&#8220;Sporting Activities and Governing Bodies Recognised by the Sports Councils&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sportni.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1.-List-Of-Recognised-Governing-Bodies.pdf\">the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on 22 July 2023. Retrieved\u00a022 July\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-251\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230908152411\/https:\/\/www.theifab.com\/organisation\/\">&#8220;The International Football Association Board&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theifab.com\/organisation\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 8 September 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-252\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230908151614\/https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/european\/what-does-new-uefa-competition-mean-for-the-irish-league-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-europa-conference-league\/39568156.html\">&#8220;What does new UEFA competition mean for the Irish League?&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Belfasttelegraph.co.uk<\/em>. June 2021. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/european\/what-does-new-uefa-competition-mean-for-the-irish-league-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-europa-conference-league\/39568156.html\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 8 September 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-253\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230815102150\/https:\/\/www.irishrugby.ie\/irfu\/about\/irfu-committee\/\">&#8220;IRFU &#8211; About&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.irishrugby.ie\/irfu\/about\/irfu-committee\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 15 August 2023. Retrieved\u00a015 August\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-254\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Redmond, John (1997).\u00a0<em>The Book of Irish Golf<\/em>. Pelican Publishing Company. p.\u00a010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-255\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.golfdigest.com\/golf-courses\/golf-courses\/2009-05\/100greatestinternational_golfcourses?currentPage=2\">&#8220;The Best of the Rest: A World of Great Golf&#8221;<\/a>. Golf Digest. 2009. p.\u00a02.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110604155048\/http:\/\/www.golfdigest.com\/golf-courses\/golf-courses\/2009-05\/100greatestinternational_golfcourses?currentPage=2\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved\u00a021 June\u00a02010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-256\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Gagne, Matt (20 June 2010).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100824044014\/http:\/\/www.nydailynews.com\/sports\/more_sports\/2010\/06\/20\/2010-06-20_northern_irelands_graeme_mcdowell_wins_us_open_at_pebble_beach_ends_european_los.html#ixzz0sG74YZKd\">&#8220;Northern Ireland&#8217;s Graeme McDowell wins U.S. Open at Pebble Beach, ends European losing streak&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Daily News<\/em>. New York. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nydailynews.com\/sports\/more_sports\/2010\/06\/20\/2010-06-20_northern_irelands_graeme_mcdowell_wins_us_open_at_pebble_beach_ends_european_los.html#ixzz0sG74YZKd\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 24 August 2010. Retrieved\u00a029 June\u00a02010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland#cite_ref-257\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Lawrence Donegan at Congressional (20 June 2011).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/sport\/2011\/jun\/20\/rory-mcilroy-us-open\">&#8220;US Open 2011: Remarkable Rory McIlroy wins by eight shots | Sport&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Guardian<\/em>. UK.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130528134011\/http:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/sport\/2011\/jun\/20\/rory-mcilroy-us-open\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 28 May 2013. Retrieved\u00a023 August\u00a02011.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2 \u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u6765\u6e90\u6587\u732e | Sources<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\">Lynch, Robert (2019).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/partition-of-ireland\/C07E70B9B2C61587088A6C83C47EAC6A\"><em>The Partition of Ireland: 1918\u20131925<\/em><\/a>. Cambridge University Press.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1107007734\"><bdi>978-1107007734<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.3 \u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8C%97%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0#cite_ref-ONS_Countries_1-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/ons\/guide-method\/geography\/beginner-s-guide\/administrative\/the-countries-of-the-uk\/index.html\">The Countries of the UK<\/a>. Office for National Statistics. Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom).\u00a0[2015-07-07]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190107082430\/https:\/\/webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/20160108051201\/http:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/ons\/guide-method\/geography\/beginner-s-guide\/administrative\/the-countries-of-the-uk\/index.html\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2019-01-07\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8C%97%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0#cite_ref-2\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/nisr\/2000\/347\/contents\/made\">The Flags Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2000<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Government_of_the_United_Kingdom&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Government of the United Kingdom<\/a>. 2000-11-08\u00a0[2019-10-26]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.today\/20130902204715\/http:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/nisr\/2000\/347\/contents\/made\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2013-09-02\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8C%97%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0#cite_ref-3\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Ainsworth, Paul.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.irishnews.com\/news\/2022\/12\/06\/news\/_historic_milestone_passed_as_irish_language_legislation_becomes_law-2932333\/\">&#8216;Historic milestone&#8217; passed as Irish language legislation becomes law<\/a>. The Irish News. 2022-12-06\u00a0[2022-12-10]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221212015026\/https:\/\/www.irishnews.com\/news\/2022\/12\/06\/news\/_historic_milestone_passed_as_irish_language_legislation_becomes_law-2932333\/\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2022-12-12\uff09\u00a0<strong>\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff09<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8C%97%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0#cite_ref-4\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-northern-ireland-63402597\">Irish language and Ulster Scots bill clears final hurdle in Parliament<\/a>. BBC News. 2022-10-26\u00a0[2022-12-10]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230217083057\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-northern-ireland-63402597\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2023-02-17\uff09\u00a0<strong>\uff08\u82f1\u56fd\u82f1\u8bed\uff09<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8C%97%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0#cite_ref-5\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.coe.int\/t\/dg4\/education\/minlang\/AboutCharter\/LanguagesCovered.pdf\">Languages covered by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0[2023-01-06]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221213191817\/https:\/\/www.coe.int\/t\/dg4\/education\/minlang\/AboutCharter\/LanguagesCovered.pdf\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u4e8e2022-12-13\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8C%97%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0#cite_ref-6\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\u5f20\u632f\u5b89\uff0c<a href=\"http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/misc\/2002-10\/15\/content_597245.htm\">\u82f1\u56fd\u5ba3\u5e03\u5c06\u5317\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u5730\u533a\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u91cd\u65b0\u6536\u5f52\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u00a0\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081210191038\/http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/misc\/2002-10\/15\/content_597245.htm\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u65b0\u534e\u7f51<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8C%97%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0#cite_ref-7\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\u9a6c\u6842\u82b1\uff0c<a href=\"http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/world\/2007-05\/08\/content_6072992.htm\">\u5317\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u6062\u590d\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u00a0\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080213064308\/http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/world\/2007-05\/08\/content_6072992.htm\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u65b0\u534e\u7f51<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8C%97%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0#cite_ref-8\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/udn.com\/news\/story\/6904\/5456261\">\u570b\u969b\u5c0f\u5b78\u5802\uff0f\u5317\u611b\u723e\u862d\u6eff\u767e\u6b72 \u5169\u6d3e\u885d\u7a81\u518d\u8d77<\/a>. \u8054\u5408\u65b0\u95fb\u7f51. 2021-05-14\u00a0[2022-05-08]\u00a0<strong>\uff08\u4e2d\u6587\uff09<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u5ef6\u4f38\u9605\u8bfb | Further reading<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jonathan_Bardon\">Jonathan Bardon<\/a>, <em>A History of Ulster<\/em> (Blackstaff Press, Belfast, 1992), <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-85640-476-4\">0-85640-476-4<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Brian E. Barton, <em>The Government of Northern Ireland, 1920\u20131923<\/em> (Athol Books, 1980)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_Bew\">Paul Bew<\/a>, Peter Gibbon and Henry Patterson <em>The State in Northern Ireland, 1921\u201372: Political Forces and Social Classes, Manchester<\/em> (Manchester University Press, 1979)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tony_Geraghty\">Tony Geraghty<\/a> (2000). <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/irishwarhiddenco00mrto\"><em>The Irish War<\/em><\/a>. Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-8018-7117-7\"><bdi>978-0-8018-7117-7<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_Kee\">Robert Kee<\/a>, <em>The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism<\/em> (Penguin, 1972\u20132000), <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-14-029165-2\">0-14-029165-2<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Osborne Morton, <em>Marine Algae of Northern Ireland<\/em> (Ulster Museum, Belfast, 1994), <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-900761-28-8\">0-900761-28-8<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Henry Patterson, <em>Ireland Since 1939: The Persistence of Conflict<\/em> (Penguin, 2006), <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-84488-104-8\">978-1-84488-104-8<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P. Hackney (ed.) <em>Stewart&#8217;s and Corry&#8217;s Flora of the North-east of Ireland<\/em> 3rd edn. (Institute of Irish Studies, Queen&#8217;s University of Belfast, 1992), <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-85389-446-9\">0-85389-446-9<\/a>(HB)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u5916\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5 | External links<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Northern Ireland<\/strong>at Wikipedia&#8217;s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects\">sister projects<\/a>\u3010\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u59ca\u59b9\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\u7684\u5317\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"27\" height=\"27\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/0\/06\/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg\/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/0\/06\/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg\/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/0\/06\/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg\/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png\" alt=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Special:Search\/Northern_Ireland\">Definitions<\/a>\u00a0from Wiktionary<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"20\" height=\"27\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png\" alt=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland\">Media<\/a>\u00a0from Commons<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"27\" height=\"15\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/24\/Wikinews-logo.svg\/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/24\/Wikinews-logo.svg\/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/24\/Wikinews-logo.svg\/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png\" alt=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/Category:Northern_Ireland\">News<\/a>\u00a0from Wikinews<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"27\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Wikiquote-logo.svg\/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Wikiquote-logo.svg\/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Wikiquote-logo.svg\/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png\" alt=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikiquote.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland\">Quotations<\/a>\u00a0from Wikiquote<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"27\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4c\/Wikisource-logo.svg\/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4c\/Wikisource-logo.svg\/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4c\/Wikisource-logo.svg\/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png\" alt=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Special:Search\/Northern_Ireland\">Texts<\/a>\u00a0from Wikisource<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"27\" height=\"27\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Wikibooks-logo.svg\/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Wikibooks-logo.svg\/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Wikibooks-logo.svg\/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png\" alt=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/Special:Search\/Northern_Ireland\">Textbooks<\/a>\u00a0from Wikibooks<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"27\" height=\"22\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0b\/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg\/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0b\/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg\/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0b\/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg\/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png\" alt=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikiversity.org\/wiki\/Special:Search\/Northern_Ireland\">Resources<\/a>\u00a0from Wikiversity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"27\" height=\"27\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/dd\/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg\/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/dd\/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg\/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/dd\/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg\/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png\" alt=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikivoyage.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland\">Travel information<\/a>\u00a0from Wikivoyage<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.northernireland.gov.uk\/\">Northern Ireland Executive<\/a>\u00a0(Northern Ireland\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Devolution\">devolved<\/a>\u00a0government)<br>\u3010\u5317\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u884c\u653f\u9662\uff08\u5317\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u6743\u529b\u4e0b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\uff09\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.niassembly.gov.uk\/\">\u5317\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u8bae\u4f1a<\/a>\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170502054602\/http:\/\/www.niassembly.gov.uk\/\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.discovernorthernireland.com\/\">Discover Northern Ireland<\/a>\u00a0(<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland_Tourist_Board\">Northern Ireland Tourist Board<\/a>)<br>\u3010\u63a2\u7d22\u5317\u7231\u5c14\u5170\uff08\u5317\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u65c5\u6e38\u5c40\uff09\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/Openstreetmap_logo.svg\/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/Openstreetmap_logo.svg\/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/Openstreetmap_logo.svg\/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png\" alt=\"\">\u00a0Geographic data related to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/relation\/156393\">Northern Ireland<\/a>\u00a0at\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OpenStreetMap\">OpenStreetMap<\/a><br>\u3010\u4e0e\u5317\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5730\u7406\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u5728OpenStreetMap\u4e0a\u67e5\u627e\u3011<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u8bf7\u70b9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[41,30,80],"tags":[155,101],"class_list":["post-3309","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-europe-except-cis","category-geopolitics","category-political-entity-country-or-region","tag-155","tag-101"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3309","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3309"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3309\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3309"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3309"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3309"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}