{"id":3360,"date":"2024-06-20T21:46:45","date_gmt":"2024-06-20T13:46:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=3360"},"modified":"2025-01-31T09:55:05","modified_gmt":"2025-01-31T01:55:05","slug":"anti-chinese-sentiment-fulltext-zhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2024\/06\/20\/anti-chinese-sentiment-fulltext-zhen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea \/ Anti-Chinese sentiment &#8211; \uff08\u5168\u6587\uff09\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u878d\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u53c2\u89c1\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>\u3002<br>\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>\u3002<br>\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u5e76\u8865\u5145\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5408\u89c4\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u4e0a\u4f20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/link.zhihu.com\/?target=https%3A\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wikipedia-intro\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff08Wikipedia\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee<\/a>\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8bd1\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002<strong>\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<cite>\u8fbd\u89c2\u6240\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u4e0e\u539f\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faa<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/653887754\">CC-BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/a>\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u56fe\u7247\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/666846485\">\u8fbd\u89c2\uff1a\u201c\u8fbd\u89c2\u767e\u79d1\u642c\u8fd0\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae\u6c47\u603b<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a11d3f07d170b2a8ac21d66b78a38da0\" style=\"color:#6f7880\">\u3010\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u6d88\u6b67\u4e49\u63d0\u793a\u3011\u672c\u6761\u76ee\u4e3a\u53cd\u5bf9\u3001\u6392\u6324<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA\">\u534e\u4eba<\/a>\u3001\u6d89\u53ca<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9\">\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u7684\u5e7f\u4e49\u201c\u53cd\u534e\u201d\uff0c\u82e5\u6307\u53cd\u5bf9<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD\">\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646<\/a>\uff09\u653f\u5e9c\u6216<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a<\/a>\uff08\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u6307\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u534e\u201d\u5e38\u4e3a\u6b64\u610f\uff09\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B\">\u53cd\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a><\/strong>\u6216<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1\">\u53cd\u4e2d\u5171<\/a><\/strong>\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u53cd\u534e\u4e0e\u53cd\u4e2d\u90fd\u79f0\u4e3aanti-Chinese\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u201c\u53cd\u4e2d\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u53cd\u534e\u201d\u4e24\u8bcd\u5e38\u5e38\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u8c08\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">0. \u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0aba4ead0c8355c46d5c958e860dfe84\">\u3010\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\u3011\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u53cd\u534e<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u6392\u534e<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u6050\u534e<\/strong>\u6216<strong>\u4ec7\u534e<\/strong>\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u5883\u53ca\u65f6\u7a7a\u8109\u7edc\u4e0b\u6307\u53cd\u5bf9\u3001\u6392\u65a5\u3001\u4ec7\u89c6\u6216<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96\">\u6b67\u89c6<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%8F%AF%E5%83%91%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA\">\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F\">\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf<\/a>\u6216<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C\">\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u7684\u7b80\u8981\u4ee3\u79f0\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u5b57\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u5185\u5bb9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u662f\u201c\u8c01\u201d\uff08\u975e\u534e\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u4f53\u6216\u653f\u7b56\u4eba\u58eb\uff09\u3001\u53cd\u5bf9\u201c\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B\">\u4e2d\u56fd<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba<\/a>\u6216\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u548c\u8be0\u91ca\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u975e\u534e\u4eba\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c<strong>\u53cd\u534e<\/strong>\u4e00\u8bcd\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u4e3a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B0%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F\">\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf<\/a>\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\u53d7\u5230\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u3001\u6392\u65a5\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96\">\u6b67\u89c6<\/a>\u3001\u4ec7\u89c6\u6216<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%81%90%E6%83%A7\">\u6050\u60e7<\/a>\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%83%85%E7%BB%AA\">\u60c5\u7eea<\/a>\u53ca\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e3a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9\">\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u3001\u4ec7\u89c6\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u7d27\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Anti-Chinese sentiment<\/strong> is a fear or dislike of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China\">China<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people\">Chinese people<\/a> and\/or <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_culture\">Chinese culture<\/a>; it is also referred to as <strong>Sinophobia<\/strong>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-1\">[1]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-2\">[2]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-3\">[3]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup> It is frequently directed at <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Overseas_Chinese\">Chinese minorities which live outside China<\/a> and involves <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Immigration\">immigration<\/a>, nationalism, political ideologies, disparity of wealth, the past <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tributary_system_of_China\">tributary system of Imperial China<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minority_group\">majority-minority relations<\/a>, imperial legacies, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Racism\">racism<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-bbcindonesia-5\">[5]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-heraldsun-6\">[6]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-kazin-7\">[7]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-10\">[note 1]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u662f\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u548c\/\u6216\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u6216\u538c\u6076\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u6050\u534e\u75c7\u3002[1][2][3][4] \u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u9488\u5bf9\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5883\u5916\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u79fb\u6c11\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u3001\u8d2b\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u3001\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5c01\u5efa\u738b\u671d\u7684\u671d\u8d21\u4f53\u7cfb\u3001\u591a\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4e0e\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u5e1d\u56fd\u9057\u4ea7\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002[5][6][7][\u6ce8 1]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-22f5476879d911e58f28903a8925f7d0\">\u6ce81\uff08\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6ce8\uff09\uff1aIn <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinosphere\">Sinosphere<\/a>, &#8220;anti-<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Government_of_China\">Chinese government<\/a>&#8221; (\u53cd\u4e2d[\u570b], lit. &#8220;anti-Chinese [state]), &#8220;anti-<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Communist_Party\">Communist<\/a>&#8221; (\u53cd\u5171 \/ \u53cd\u4e2d\u5171) or &#8220;anti-People&#8217;s Republic of China&#8221; (\u53cd\u4e2d\u83ef\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u570b), which means political opposition to the Chinese government or state, is distinct from &#8220;anti-Chinese racism&#8221; (\u53cd\u83ef \/ \u5acc\u4e2d), which is an racist hatred of the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people\">Chinese people<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-8\">[8]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5728\u534e\u4eba\u6587\u5316\u5708\uff0c&#8221;\u53cd\u4e2d\uff08\u56fd\uff09&#8221;\u3001&#8221;\u53cd\u5171&#8221;\u6216&#8221;\u53cd\u4e2d\u5171&#8221;\u4ee5\u53ca&#8221;\u53cd\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd&#8221;\u7b49\u672f\u8bed\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u4e0e&#8221;\u53cd\u534e&#8221;\u6216&#8221;\u5acc\u4e2d&#8221;\u7b49\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u548c\u4ec7\u6068\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A variety of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Popular_culture\">popular cultural<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clich%C3%A9s\">clich\u00e9s<\/a> and negative <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stereotypes\">stereotypes<\/a> of Chinese people have existed around the world since the twentieth century, and they are frequently conflated with a variety of popular cultural clich\u00e9s and negative stereotypes of other Asian ethnic groups, known as the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellow_Peril\">Yellow Peril<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-wu-11\">[10]<\/a><\/sup> Some individuals may harbor prejudice or hatred against Chinese people due to history, racism, modern politics, cultural differences, propaganda, or ingrained stereotypes.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-wu-11\">[10]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-12\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u301120 \u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5404\u79cd\u9488\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u9648\u8bcd\u6ee5\u8c03\u548c\u8d1f\u9762\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e0e\u9488\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u4e9a\u6d32\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u9648\u8bcd\u6ee5\u8c03\u548c\u8d1f\u9762\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u76f8\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u9ec4\u7978\u201d\u3002[10] \u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u5f02\u3001\u5ba3\u4f20\u6216\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u800c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6000\u6709\u504f\u89c1\u6216\u4ec7\u6068\u3002[10][11]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Protesters_waving_the_Hong_Kong_colonial_flag_in_front_of_China_liaison_office_in_Hong_Kong_03.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"685\" src=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Protesters_waving_the_Hong_Kong_colonial_flag_in_front_of_China_liaison_office_in_Hong_Kong_03-1024x685.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3361\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Protesters_waving_the_Hong_Kong_colonial_flag_in_front_of_China_liaison_office_in_Hong_Kong_03-1024x685.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Protesters_waving_the_Hong_Kong_colonial_flag_in_front_of_China_liaison_office_in_Hong_Kong_03-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Protesters_waving_the_Hong_Kong_colonial_flag_in_front_of_China_liaison_office_in_Hong_Kong_03-768x514.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Protesters_waving_the_Hong_Kong_colonial_flag_in_front_of_China_liaison_office_in_Hong_Kong_03-1536x1028.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Protesters_waving_the_Hong_Kong_colonial_flag_in_front_of_China_liaison_office_in_Hong_Kong_03-1000x669.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Protesters_waving_the_Hong_Kong_colonial_flag_in_front_of_China_liaison_office_in_Hong_Kong_03-230x154.jpg 230w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Protesters_waving_the_Hong_Kong_colonial_flag_in_front_of_China_liaison_office_in_Hong_Kong_03-350x234.jpg 350w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Protesters_waving_the_Hong_Kong_colonial_flag_in_front_of_China_liaison_office_in_Hong_Kong_03-480x321.jpg 480w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Protesters_waving_the_Hong_Kong_colonial_flag_in_front_of_China_liaison_office_in_Hong_Kong_03.jpg 1936w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df<br>\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u9999\u6e2f\u793a\u5a01\u8005\u4e3e\u8d77\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6eda\u56de\u4e2d\u56fd\u201d\u6807\u8bed<br>\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aVOA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u6570\u636e\u53ca\u80cc\u666f | Statistics and background<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>2013\u5e74\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD\">\u7f8e\u56fd<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%9A%AE%E5%B0%A4%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83\">\u76ae\u5c24\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/a>\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u5173\u4e8e\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0838\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u768419\u4e2a\uff09\u5bf9<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD\">\u4e2d\u56fd<\/a>\u6301\u597d\u611f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u56fd\u672c\u8eab\u3002 \u652f\u6301\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u4e9a\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A\">\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a<\/a>\uff0881%\uff09\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6\">\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766<\/a>\uff0881%\uff09\uff1b \u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A\">\u80af\u5c3c\u4e9a<\/a>\uff0878%\uff09\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A1%9E%E5%86%85%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94\">\u585e\u5185\u52a0\u5c14<\/a>\uff0877%\uff09\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A\">\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a<\/a>\uff0876%\uff09\uff1b \u5728\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e02\u573a\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6301\u6709\u597d\u611f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A7%94%E5%86%85%E7%91%9E%E6%8B%89\">\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9<\/a>\uff0871%\uff09\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF\">\u5df4\u897f<\/a>\uff0865%\uff09\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9\">\u667a\u5229<\/a>\uff0862%\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e9a\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u53ea\u670928%\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca37%\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u597d\u611f\uff1b\u800c\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC\">\u65e5\u672c<\/a>\uff0c\u53ea\u67095%\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u597d\u611f\u300238\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u670911\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u770b\u6cd5\u8d85\u8fc750%\u3002 \u65e5\u672c\u88ab\u8c03\u67e5\u4e3a\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c93%\u7684\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u6301\u8d1f\u9762\u770b\u6cd5\u3002 <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD\">\u5fb7\u56fd<\/a>\uff0864%\uff09\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9\">\u610f\u5927\u5229<\/a>\uff0862%\uff09\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97\">\u4ee5\u8272\u5217<\/a>\uff0860%\uff09\u4e5f\u6709\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6301\u8d1f\u9762\u770b\u6cd5\u3002 \u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u5927\u5e45\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u4ece2006\u5e74\u768433%\u4e0a\u5347\u52302013\u5e74\u8c03\u67e5\u768464%\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5fb7\u56fd\u5728\u5bf9\u534e\u51fa\u53e3\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6839\u636e2020\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19\">COVID-19<\/a>\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u597d\u611f\u5ea6\u6709\u6240\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c11\u6708\u7684Ipsos\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF\">\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af <\/a>(81%)\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5\">\u58a8\u897f\u54e5<\/a> (72%)\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A\">\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a<\/a> (68%)\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%A7%98%E9%B2%81\">\u79d8\u9c81<\/a>(67%) \u7684\u597d\u611f\u5ea6\u6709\u6240\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF\">\u6c99\u7279\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f<\/a>\uff0865%)\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e2d\u56fd\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u5c06\u662f\u79ef\u6781\u7684\uff0c\u800c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD\">\u82f1\u56fd<\/a>\uff0819%\uff09\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/a>\uff0821%\uff09\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD\">\u5fb7\u56fd<\/a>\uff0824%\uff09\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A\">\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a<\/a>\uff0824%\uff09\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC\">\u65e5\u672c<\/a>\uff0824%\uff09\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD\">\u7f8e\u56fd<\/a>\uff0824%\uff09\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD\">\u6cd5\u56fd<\/a>\uff0824%\uff09\u5219\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u53cd\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>8\u6708\u4efd\u7684YouGov\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\uff0870%\uff09\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%BD\">\u6cf0\u56fd<\/a>\uff0864%\uff09\u3001\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\uff0861%\uff09\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A\">\u57c3\u53ca<\/a>\uff0855%\uff09\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0a\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u66f4\u4e3a\u79ef\u6781\uff0c\u800c\u65e5\u672c\uff087%\uff09\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u5219\u66f4\u79ef\u6781\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6\">\u4e39\u9ea6<\/a>(13%)\u3001\u82f1\u56fd(13%)\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8\">\u745e\u5178<\/a>(14%)\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u6700\u4e0d\u79ef\u6781\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6839\u636e2020\u5e74\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u5df4\u5c14\u5e72\u5730\u533a\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u666e\u904d\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6301\u79ef\u6781\u770b\u6cd5\u3002 \u56fd\u9645\u5171\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u62402\u6708\u81f33\u6708\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8c03\u67e5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u53ea\u6709<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83\">\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83<\/a>\uff0875%\uff09\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u5bf9\u8be5\u56fd\u8868\u793a\u8d1f\u9762\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\uff0885%\uff09\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%BB%91%E5%B1%B1\">\u9ed1\u5c71<\/a>\uff0868%\uff09\u3001\u5317\u9a6c\u5176\u987f\uff0856%\uff09\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u5360\u591a\u6570 \u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A\">\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9a<\/a>(52%)\u8868\u793a\u8d5e\u6210\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GLOBSEC10\u6708\u4efd\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u89c6\u4e3a\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u662f<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B\">\u6377\u514b\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>\uff0851%\uff09\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0\">\u6ce2\u5170<\/a>\uff0834%\uff09\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9\">\u5308\u7259\u5229<\/a>\uff0824%\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5df4\u5c14\u5e72\u5730\u533a\u5219\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5a01\u80c1\u6700\u5c0f\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A\">\u4fdd\u52a0\u5229\u4e9a<\/a>\uff083%\uff09\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A\">\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a<\/a>\uff0813%\uff09\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8C%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF\">\u5317\u9a6c\u5176\u987f<\/a>\uff0814%\uff09\u7b49\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002 \u5a01\u80c1\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u6709\u5173\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-13\">[13]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u636e\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6674\u96e8\u8868\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4e16\u754c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u76f8\u5bf9\u79ef\u6781\uff0c2021\u5e743\u6708\u81f34\u6708\u7684\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A\">\u963f\u5c14\u53ca\u5229\u4e9a<\/a>\uff0865%\uff09\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%93%A5\">\u6469\u6d1b\u54e5<\/a>\uff0862%\uff09\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A\">\u5229\u6bd4\u4e9a<\/a>\uff0860%\uff09\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%AA%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF\">\u7a81\u5c3c\u65af<\/a>\uff0859%\uff09\u3001\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\uff0856%\uff09\u5bf9\u8be5\u56fd\u6301\u597d\u611f\uff0c\u800c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9\">\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9<\/a>\uff0838%\uff09\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6\">\u7ea6\u65e6<\/a>\uff0834%\uff09\u5219\u4e0d\u592a\u597d\u611f\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-4.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"763\" src=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3362\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-4.png 500w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-4-197x300.png 197w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-4-230x351.png 230w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-4-350x534.png 350w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-4-480x732.png 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-5.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"509\" height=\"790\" src=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3363\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-5.png 509w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-5-193x300.png 193w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-5-230x357.png 230w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-5-350x543.png 350w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-5-480x745.png 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 509px) 100vw, 509px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-6.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"499\" height=\"156\" src=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3364\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-6.png 499w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-6-300x94.png 300w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-6-230x72.png 230w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-6-350x109.png 350w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-6-480x150.png 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 499px) 100vw, 499px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-7.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"473\" height=\"770\" src=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3365\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-7.png 473w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-7-184x300.png 184w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-7-230x374.png 230w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-7-350x570.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-8.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"443\" height=\"596\" src=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3366\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-8.png 443w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-8-223x300.png 223w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-8-230x309.png 230w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-8-350x471.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-9.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"435\" height=\"763\" src=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3367\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-9.png 435w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-9-171x300.png 171w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-9-230x403.png 230w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-9-350x614.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 435px) 100vw, 435px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-10.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"438\" height=\"482\" src=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3368\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-10.png 438w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-10-273x300.png 273w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-10-230x253.png 230w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-10-350x385.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 438px) 100vw, 438px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-11.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"441\" height=\"771\" src=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-11.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3369\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-11.png 441w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-11-172x300.png 172w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-11-230x402.png 230w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-11-350x612.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 441px) 100vw, 441px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-12.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"439\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-12.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3370\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-12.png 439w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-12-171x300.png 171w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-12-230x402.png 230w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-12-350x612.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 439px) 100vw, 439px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-13.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"441\" height=\"313\" src=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-13.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-13.png 441w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-13-300x213.png 300w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-13-230x163.png 230w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-13-350x248.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 441px) 100vw, 441px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u5b9a\u4e49<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1 \u5185\u6db5\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u65cf\u88d4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5bf9\u6709\u534e\u4eba\u8840\u7edf\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u7279\u5f81\uff08\u5982<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%BA%E7%A8%AE\">\u6241\u5e73\u9762\u5b54<\/a>\uff09\u7684\u4eba\u56e0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u673a\u4f1a\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u8ddd\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u3001\u53cd\u611f\u53ca\u6392\u65a5\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u6b64\u65cf\u88d4\u504f\u89c1\u5e38\u548c\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u5982\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\uff09\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u8c08\u3002\u5982\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%99%BD%E6%BE%B3%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96\">\u767d\u6fb3\u653f\u7b56<\/a>\u7684<a 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href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD\">\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>\uff09\u7684\u4e13\u5236\u7edf\u6cbb\u6216\u5f53\u65f6\u653f\u7b56\u6301\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF\">\u9999\u6e2f<\/a>\u53ca<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3\">\u53f0\u6e7e<\/a>\u653f\u6cbb\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e0b\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E4%B8%AD\">\u53cd\u4e2d<\/a>\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5bf9<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C\">\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u6216<a 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href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E\">\u4e1c\u4e9a<\/a>\u6216\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5f71\u54cd\u6216\u56fd\u9645\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8ba4\u4e3a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B2%BB%E4%B8%96\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cbb\u4e16<\/a>\uff08\u6216\u4e2d\u5f0f\u548c\u5e73\uff09\u4ee5<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u56fd\u9645\u6216\u533a\u57df\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6216\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6709\u5bb3\u4e8e\u666e\u4e16\u4ef7\u503c\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u6216\u4ee5<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%B0%8E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3b\u5bfc<\/a>\uff08Pax Americana\uff09\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A8%81%E8%83%81%E8%AE%BA\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u5a01\u80c1\u8bba<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89\">\u4e2d\u534e\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u7b49<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E4%B8%AD\">\u53cd\u4e2d<\/a>\u6216<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%81%90%E5%8D%8E\">\u6050\u534e<\/a>\u653f\u6cbb\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6587\u660e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u56e0\u4f20\u7edf<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96\">\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5316<\/a>\u6216\u7279\u8272\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u73b0\u4ee3\u4ef7\u503c\uff08\u5982<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A4%A7%E7%94%B7%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89\">\u7537\u5c0a\u5973\u5351<\/a>\u3001\u91cd\u89c6\u4e0b\u5bf9\u4e0a\u7684\u670d\u4ece\u591a\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4e0b\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff09\u800c\u5bf9\u6269\u53ca\u5bf9\u6574\u4f53<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA\">\u534e\u4eba<\/a>\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u56e0\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5316\u5185\u6db5\u53d8\u8fc1\u800c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6b63\u7edf\uff08\u5982<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%B0%8F%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3\">\u5c0f\u4e2d\u534e\u601d\u60f3<\/a>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2 \u4e0e\u53cd\u4e2d\u3001\u53cd\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E4%B8%AD\">\u53cd\u4e2d<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E5%85%B1\">\u53cd\u5171<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8F%8D%E5%8D%8E%E5%8A%BF%E5%8A%9B\">\u56fd\u9645\u53cd\u534e\u52bf\u529b<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB\">\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb<\/a>\u53ca<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56<\/a>\u65b9\u9762\uff0c<strong>\u53cd\u534e<\/strong>\u4e00\u8bcd\u5e38\u4e0e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E4%B8%AD\">\u53cd\u4e2d<\/a>\u4e00\u8bcd\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u8c08\uff0c\u5982<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD\">\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>\u5e38\u4ee5\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A2%83%E5%A4%96%E5%8F%8D%E5%8D%8E%E5%8A%BF%E5%8A%9B\">\u5883\u5916\u53cd\u534e\u52bf\u529b<\/a>\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u5c06\u53cd\u5bf9<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u653f\u4f53\u6216\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u5212\u4e3a\u5bf9<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B\">\u4e2d\u56fd<\/a>\u6216<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96\">\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5316<\/a>\u7684<strong>\u53cd\u534e<\/strong>\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-22\">[22]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%BB%A8\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u515a<\/a>\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C\">\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\uff09\u53ca<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E9%BB%A8\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a<\/a>\u90fd\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8bba\u8ff0\u624b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u5bf9\u624b\u63cf\u7ed8\u6210\u548c\u201c\u5916\u56fd\u52bf\u529b\u201d\u5408\u4f5c\u6765\u63a8\u7ffb\u5176\u638c\u63e1\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B\">\u4e2d\u56fd<\/a>\u6216\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6743\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B\">\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd<\/a>\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5927\u4f1a505\u53f7\u51b3\u8bae\u4e0a\u5411\u82cf\u8054\u63d0\u51fa\u63a7\u8bc9\uff0c\u6307\u63a7\u82cf\u8054\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u6307\u5bfc\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u91d1\u94b1\u548c\u6b66\u5668\u63f4\u52a9\u635f\u5bb3\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u9886\u571f\u4e3b\u6743\u5b8c\u6574<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-23\">[23]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%BB%A8\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u515a<\/a>\u57281920\u5e74\u4ee3\u52301940\u5e74\u4ee3\u5bf9<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E9%BB%A8\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a<\/a>\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%99%BD%E8%89%B2%E6%81%90%E6%80%96\">\u767d\u8272\u6050\u6016<\/a>\u7684\u6253\u538b\u653f\u7b56\u5305\u542b\u5bf9<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E9%BB%A8\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a<\/a>\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B\">\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645<\/a>\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u53ca\u5b9e\u8d28\u652f\u63f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E9%BB%A8\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a<\/a>\u5728\u7981<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B3%95%E8%BC%AA%E5%8A%9F\">\u6cd5\u8f6e\u529f<\/a>\u540e\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E9%BB%A8\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a<\/a>\u53ca<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B3%95%E8%BC%AA%E5%8A%9F\">\u6cd5\u8f6e\u529f<\/a>\u90fd\u5ba3\u79f0\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e3a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96\">\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5316<\/a>\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-24\">[24]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-25\">[25]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-26\">[26]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-27\">[27]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u5386\u53f2 | History<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Historical records document the existence of anti-Chinese sentiment throughout <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_imperialism\">China&#8217;s imperial wars<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-20\">[19]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u6b21\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728\u3002[19]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston\">Lord Palmerston<\/a> was responsible for sparking the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Opium_War\">First Opium War<\/a> (1839\u20131842) with <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qing_dynasty\">Qing China<\/a>. He considered <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Culture_of_China\">Chinese culture<\/a> &#8220;uncivilized&#8221;, and his negative views on China played a significant role in his decision to issue a declaration of war.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-Lovell_Julia-21\">[20]<\/a><\/sup> This disdain became increasingly common throughout the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Opium_War\">Second Opium War<\/a> (1856\u20131860), when repeated attacks against foreign traders in China inflamed anti-Chinese sentiment abroad.<sup>[<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\">citation needed<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup> Following the defeat of China in the Second Opium War, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Bruce,_8th_Earl_of_Elgin\">Lord Elgin<\/a>, upon his arrival in <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beijing\">Peking<\/a> in 1860, ordered the sacking and burning of China&#8217;s imperial <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Old_Summer_Palace\">Summer Palace<\/a> in vengeance.<br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5e15\u9ea6\u65af\u987f\u52cb\u7235\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\uff081839-1842 \u5e74\uff09\u7684\u5bfc\u706b\u7d22\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u201c\u4e0d\u6587\u660e\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u770b\u6cd5\u5728\u4ed6\u51b3\u5b9a\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u5ba3\u6218\u65f6\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002[20] \u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\uff081856-1860 \u5e74\uff09\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8511\u89c6\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u5546\u4eba\u5c61\u5c61\u906d\u5230\u88ad\u51fb\uff0c\u6fc0\u8d77\u4e86\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u3002[\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u8bc1] \u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u6218\u8d25\u540e\uff0c\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u52cb\u7235\u4e8e 1860 \u5e74\u62b5\u8fbe\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u4e0b\u4ee4\u6d17\u52ab\u5e76\u711a\u70e7\u4e2d\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5706\u660e\u56ed\u4ee5\u793a\u62a5\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the United States, the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Exclusion_Act\">Chinese Exclusion Act<\/a> of 1882 was passed in response to growing sinophobia. It prohibited all immigration of Chinese laborers and turned those already in the country into second-class persons.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-yeefow-22\">[21]<\/a><\/sup> The 1882 Act was the first U.S. immigration law to target a specific ethnicity or nationality.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-Crean-23\">[22]<\/a>:\u200a25\u200a<\/sup> Meanwhile, during the mid-19th century in <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peru\">Peru<\/a>, Chinese were used as slave laborers and they were not allowed to hold any positions in Peruvian society.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-brown-24\">[23]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c1882 \u5e74\u300a\u6392\u534e\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u6050\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u7981\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5df2\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e8c\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\u3002[21] 1882 \u5e74\u6cd5\u6848\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u79cd\u65cf\u6216\u56fd\u7c4d\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u3002[22]:\u200a25\u200a \u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728 19 \u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u7684\u79d8\u200b\u200b\u9c81\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u5974\u96b6\u52b3\u5de5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u5728\u79d8\u9c81\u793e\u4f1a\u62c5\u4efb\u4efb\u4f55\u804c\u52a1\u3002[23]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Illustration_of_the_Decapitation_of_Violent_Chinese_Soldiers_by_Utagawa_Kokunimasa_1894.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"522\" src=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Illustration_of_the_Decapitation_of_Violent_Chinese_Soldiers_by_Utagawa_Kokunimasa_1894-1024x522.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3374\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Illustration_of_the_Decapitation_of_Violent_Chinese_Soldiers_by_Utagawa_Kokunimasa_1894-1024x522.png 1024w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Illustration_of_the_Decapitation_of_Violent_Chinese_Soldiers_by_Utagawa_Kokunimasa_1894-300x153.png 300w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Illustration_of_the_Decapitation_of_Violent_Chinese_Soldiers_by_Utagawa_Kokunimasa_1894-768x391.png 768w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Illustration_of_the_Decapitation_of_Violent_Chinese_Soldiers_by_Utagawa_Kokunimasa_1894-1536x783.png 1536w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Illustration_of_the_Decapitation_of_Violent_Chinese_Soldiers_by_Utagawa_Kokunimasa_1894-2048x1044.png 2048w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Illustration_of_the_Decapitation_of_Violent_Chinese_Soldiers_by_Utagawa_Kokunimasa_1894-1000x510.png 1000w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Illustration_of_the_Decapitation_of_Violent_Chinese_Soldiers_by_Utagawa_Kokunimasa_1894-230x117.png 230w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Illustration_of_the_Decapitation_of_Violent_Chinese_Soldiers_by_Utagawa_Kokunimasa_1894-350x178.png 350w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Illustration_of_the_Decapitation_of_Violent_Chinese_Soldiers_by_Utagawa_Kokunimasa_1894-480x245.png 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df<br>\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aJapanese illustration depicting the beheading of Chinese captives. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Sino-Japanese_War\">First Sino-Japanese War<\/a>.\u3010\u65e5\u672c\u63cf\u7ed8\u65a9\u9996\u4e2d\u56fd\u4fd8\u864f\u7684\u63d2\u56fe\u3002\u7532\u5348\u4e2d\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u3011<br>\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aUtagawa Kokunimasa (1874 \u2013 1944)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Anti-Chinese sentiment was also prevalent in East Asia, most notably in the rising <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Empire_of_Japan\">Empire of Japan<\/a>. The so-called <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nagasaki_incident\">Nagasaki incident<\/a> of 1886 caused by sailors of the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Imperial_Chinese_Navy\">Imperial Chinese Navy<\/a> in the eponymous Japanese port and the Qing dynasty&#8217;s refusal to apologize for the violence further fueled anti-Chinese sentiment in Japan.<br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4e5f\u5341\u5206\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5d1b\u8d77\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u56fd\u30021886 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u6c34\u5175\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u957f\u5d0e\u6e2f\u53e3\u53d1\u52a8\u4e86\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u957f\u5d0e\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6e05\u671d\u62d2\u7edd\u4e3a\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\u9053\u6b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6fc0\u8d77\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chinese workers had been a fixture on London&#8217;s docks since the mid-eighteenth century, when they arrived as sailors who were employed by the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_India_Company\">East India Company<\/a>, importing tea and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spice\">spices<\/a> from the Far East. Conditions on those long voyages were so dreadful that many sailors decided to abscond and take their chances on the streets rather than face the return journey. Those who stayed generally settled around the bustling docks, running laundries and small <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lodging_house\">lodging houses<\/a> for other sailors or selling exotic Asian produce. By the 1880s, a small but recognizable Chinese community had developed in the Limehouse area, increasing Sinophobic sentiments among other Londoners, who feared the Chinese workers might take over their traditional jobs due to their willingness to work for much lower wages and longer hours than other workers in the same industries. The entire Chinese population of London was only in the low hundreds\u2014in a city whose entire population was roughly estimated to be seven million\u2014but <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nativism_(politics)\">nativist<\/a> feelings ran high, as was evidenced by the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aliens_Act_1905\">Aliens Act of 1905<\/a>, a bundle of legislation which sought to restrict the entry of poor and low-skilled foreign workers.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-theparisreview-25\">[24]<\/a><\/sup> Chinese Londoners also became involved with illegal criminal organisations, further spurring Sinophobic sentiments.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-theparisreview-25\">[24]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-26\">[25]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u81ea 18 \u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4f26\u6566\u7801\u5934\u4e0a\u7684\u5e38\u5ba2\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d7\u96c7\u4e8e\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u4ece\u8fdc\u4e1c\u8fdb\u53e3\u8336\u53f6\u548c\u9999\u6599\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u957f\u9014\u822a\u884c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u975e\u5e38\u6076\u52a3\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6c34\u624b\u51b3\u5b9a\u6f5c\u9003\uff0c\u5728\u8857\u5934\u78b0\u78b0\u8fd0\u6c14\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u56de\u5230\u5bb6\u4e61\u3002\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u7e41\u5fd9\u7684\u7801\u5934\u9644\u8fd1\u5b9a\u5c45\uff0c\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u6c34\u624b\u5f00\u529e\u6d17\u8863\u5e97\u548c\u5c0f\u578b\u5bc4\u5bbf\u516c\u5bd3\uff0c\u6216\u51fa\u552e\u5f02\u56fd\u98ce\u5473\u7684\u4e9a\u6d32\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u5230 19 \u4e16\u7eaa 80 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u83b1\u59c6\u8c6a\u65af\u5730\u533a\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u867d\u5c0f\u4f46\u53ef\u8fa8\u8ba4\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u8fd9\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u4f26\u6566\u4eba\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u62c5\u5fc3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d6\u4ee3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u613f\u610f\u4ee5\u6bd4\u540c\u884c\u4e1a\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u4eba\u4f4e\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u548c\u66f4\u957f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u5927\u7ea6\u6709\u4e03\u767e\u4e07\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u4eba\u53e3\u53ea\u6709\u51e0\u767e\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u571f\u4e3b\u4e49\u60c5\u7eea\u5374\u5341\u5206\u9ad8\u6da8\uff0c1905 \u5e74\u7684\u300a\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u5c31\u662f\u660e\u8bc1\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u65e8\u5728\u9650\u5236\u8d2b\u7a77\u548c\u4f4e\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u5165\u5883\u3002[24]\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u8fd8\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u975e\u6cd5\u72af\u7f6a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e86\u6392\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u3002[24][25]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cold_War\">Cold War<\/a>, anti-Chinese sentiment became a permanent fixture in the media of the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_world\">Western world<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-communism#Anti-communism_in_different_countries_and_regions\">anti-communist countries<\/a> following the establishment of the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China\">People&#8217;s Republic of China<\/a> in 1949. From the 1950s to the 1980s, anti-Chinese sentiment was high in <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea\">South Korea<\/a> as a result of the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/People%27s_Volunteer_Army\">Chinese intervention<\/a> against the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korean_Armed_Forces\">South Korean army<\/a> in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_War\">Korean War<\/a> (1950\u20131953). To this day, many Koreans believe that China perpetrated the division of Korea into two countries.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-27\">[26]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u51b7\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c1949 \u5e74\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u6210\u4e3a\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u53cd\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u5e38\u6001\u3002\u4ece 1950 \u5e74\u4ee3\u5230 1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u671d\u9c9c\u6218\u4e89\uff081950-1953 \u5e74\uff09\u4e2d\u5e72\u9884\u97e9\u56fd\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u97e9\u56fd\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u9ad8\u6da8\u3002\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u97e9\u56fd\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u671d\u9c9c\u534a\u5c9b\u5206\u88c2\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002[26]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\">Soviet Union<\/a>, anti-Chinese sentiment became high following the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sino-Soviet_split\">hostile political relations between the PRC and the USSR<\/a> from the late 1950s onward, which <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sino-Soviet_border_conflict\">nearly escalated into war<\/a> between the two countries in 1969. The &#8220;Chinese threat&#8221;, as it was described in a letter by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexander_Solzhenitsyn\">Alexander Solzhenitsyn<\/a>, prompted expressions of anti-Chinese sentiment in the conservative Russian <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samizdat\">samizdat<\/a> movement.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-28\">[27]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5728\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u9ad8\u6da8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea 1950 \u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u82cf\u653f\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u4e8e\u654c\u5bf9\u72b6\u6001\uff0c1969 \u5e74\u4e24\u56fd\u51e0\u4e4e\u7206\u53d1\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u7d22\u5c14\u4ec1\u5c3c\u7434\u5728\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\u4e2d\u79f0\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5a01\u80c1\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u5730\u4e0b\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u3002[27]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u5404\u5730\u533a\u60c5\u51b5 | Regional antipathy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1 \u4e1c\u4e9a | East Asia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1.1 \u671d\u9c9c\u534a\u5c9b | Korea<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment_in_Korea\">Anti-Chinese sentiment in Korea<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations\">China\u2013South Korea relations<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Sino-Korean_relations\">History of Sino-Korean relations<\/a><br>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u97e9\u56fd\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u3001\u4e2d\u97e9\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u4e2d\u97e9\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%8D%E5%8D%8E%E6%83%85%E7%BB%AA\">\u97e9\u56fd\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u97e9\u56fd\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uff081\uff09\u53e4\u4ee3\u671d\u9c9c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u516c\u51437\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%A5%E9%BA%97\">\u9ad8\u53e5\u4e3d<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%99%BE%E6%B5%8E\">\u767e\u6d4e<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%96%B0%E7%BD%97\">\u65b0\u7f57<\/a>\u4e0e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D\">\u5510\u671d<\/a>\u53d1\u751f\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u65b0\u7f57\u5728\u5510\u671d\u534f\u52a9\u4e0b\u7edf\u4e00\u671d\u9c9c\u534a\u5c9b\u5927\u540c\u6c5f\u4ee5\u5357\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%BD%97%E5%94%90%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89\">\u7f57\u5510\u6218\u4e89<\/a>\u540e\u5510\u671d\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u7f57\u7684\u5b97\u4e3b\u56fd\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-30\">[30]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57289\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u6d77\u76d7\u548c\u5974\u96b6\u8d29\u5b50\u5c06\u6355\u6349\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u9500\u552e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5974\u96b6\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-31\">[31]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-Jang_Bogo-32\">[32]<\/a><\/sup>\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u671d\u9c9c\u6d77\u519b\u5c06\u519b\u5f20\u4fdd\u768b\u5728\u6e05\u6d77\u9547\u9a7b\u519b\uff0c\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u76d7\u8d76\u79bb\u671d\u9c9c\u897f\u90e8\u6d77\u5cb8\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-Jang_Bogo-32\">[32]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u660e\u671d\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u91c7\u53d6\u671d\u8d21\u5236\u5ea6\u53ca\u539a\u5f80\u8584\u6765\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u73cd\u7a00\u52a8\u7269\u3001\u98df\u54c1\u3001\u5ad4\u5983<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-33\">[33]<\/a><\/sup>\u548c\u592a\u76d1<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-34\">[34]<\/a><\/sup>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d21\u54c1\u4ece<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D\">\u671d\u9c9c\u738b\u671d<\/a>\u8fdb\u8d21\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57281592\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4fb5\u7565\u671d\u9c9c\uff0c\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u534a\u5c9b\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u671d\u9c9c\u671d\u5ef7\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u6536\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u660e\u671d\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u6b64\u5373<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%87%E5%8E%86%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E4%B9%8B%E5%BD%B9\">\u4e07\u5386\u671d\u9c9c\u4e4b\u5f79<\/a>\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-35\">[35]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-36\">[36]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uff082\uff09\u65e5\u5360\u65f6\u671f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57281931\u5e74\uff0c\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%87%E5%AE%9D%E5%B1%B1%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6\">\u4e07\u5b9d\u5c71\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u671d\u9c9c\u519c\u6c11\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ea0\u7eb7<\/a>\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u548c\u671d\u9c9c\u7684\u8bb0\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u62a5\u5bfc\u4ee4\u53cd\u4e2d\u60c5\u7eea\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%8E%92%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6\">\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u53cd\u4e2d\u66b4\u52a8<\/a>\uff0c\u57287\u67083\u65e5\u4ece\u4ec1\u5ddd\u8fc5\u901f\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u57ce\u5e02\u8513\u5ef6\uff0c\u904d\u53ca\u5168\u4e2a\u671d\u9c9c\u534a\u5c9b\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u662f146\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c546\u4eba\u53d7\u4f24\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u88ab\u6467\u6bc1\u30027\u67085\u65e5\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4\">\u5e73\u58e4<\/a>\u53d1\u751f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u9a9a\u4e71\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-37\">[37]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uff083\uff09\u6218\u540e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89\">\u671d\u9c9c\u6218\u4e89<\/a>\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u53d7\u4e2d\u56fd\u51fa\u5175\u63f4\u52a9\u800c\u4fdd\u4f4f\u653f\u6743\u7684\u671d\u9c9c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%87%91%E6%97%A5%E6%88%90\">\u91d1\u65e5\u6210<\/a>\u653f\u5e9c\u5e76\u672a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u76df\u53cb\u3002\u81ea<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8B%8F%E4%BA%A4%E6%81%B6\">\u4e2d\u82cf\u4ea4\u6076<\/a>\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u671d\u9c9c\u5012\u5411\u82cf\u8054\u4e00\u8fb9\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5168\u9762\u5bf9\u6297\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%87%91%E6%B0%8F%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F\">\u91d1\u6c0f\u5bb6\u65cf<\/a>\u516c\u5f00\u58f0\u79f0\u4e2d\u56fd\u8981\u5bf9\u5176\u590d\u8f9f\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%8B%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9\">\u4e8b\u5927\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u5371\u9669\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5317\u65b9\u8fb9\u754c\u662f\u6700\u5371\u9669\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u201d\u3001\u201c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u751f\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u3002\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u51b2\u7a81\u540e\uff0c\u671d\u9c9c\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u59cb\u7ed3\u4ea4\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5173\u7cfb\u7d27\u5f20\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA\">\u53f0\u6e7e<\/a>\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u91d1\u65e5\u6210\u6d3e\u9063\u526f\u603b\u7406<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%87%91%E9%81%94%E9%89%89\">\u91d1\u8fbe\u94c9<\/a>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7279\u4f7f\u524d\u5f80\u53f0\u5317\u5c31\u53cc\u8fb9\u5efa\u4ea4\u4e8b\u5b9c\u5c55\u5f00\u8c08\u5224\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E8%A7%A3%E4%BD%93\">\u82cf\u8054\u89e3\u4f53<\/a>\u540e\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BF%84%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB\">\u4e2d\u4fc4\u5173\u7cfb<\/a>\u5168\u9762\u6539\u5584\u5e76\u65e5\u8d8b\u7d27\u5bc6\uff0c\u671d\u9c9c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5176\u5bf9\u6297\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6700\u5927\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u63a5\u58e4\u7684\u5730\u533a\u8fdb\u884c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%A0%B8%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98\">\u6838\u8bd5\u9a8c<\/a>\uff0c\u5e76\u5a01\u80c1\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b9\u9762\u79f0\u5c06\u968f\u65f6\u51c6\u5907\u4e0e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E5%BD%93%E5%B1%80\">\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40<\/a>\u5efa\u7acb\u6b63\u5f0f\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u575a\u6301<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B%E6%97%A0%E6%A0%B8%E5%8C%96&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u534a\u5c9b\u65e0\u6838\u5316<\/a>\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6295\u7968\u8d5e\u6210\u5bf9\u671d\u5236\u88c1\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u5173\u7cfb\u59cb\u7ec8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5fcc\u60ee<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%89%E5%85%AB%E7%BA%BF\">\u4e09\u516b\u7ebf<\/a>\u4ee5\u5357\u7684\u7f8e\u97e9\u8054\u519b\u4f1a\u501f\u673a\u5411\u5317\u8fdb\u653b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u672a\u59821979\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u8d8a\u5357\u4e00\u822c\u7206\u53d1\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u572821\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u4e2d\u671d\u4e24\u56fd\u5bf9<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%A5%E4%B8%BD\">\u9ad8\u53e5\u4e3d<\/a>\u5f52\u5c5e\u7684\u4e89\u6267\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4e24\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-Gries-38\">[38]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u97e9\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5bf9\u5916\u56fd\u8d22\u4ea7\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u4f5c\u51fa\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u65f6\u591a\u6570\u5916\u56fd\u8d22\u4ea7\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u5747\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6240\u6301\u6709\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4ece\u97e9\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u53f0\u6e7e\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-39\">[39]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uff084\uff0921\u4e16\u7eaa<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ee0a5df688effa2d905f4e9e9ab2e276\">\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anti-Chinese sentiment in Korea was created in the 21st century by cultural and historical claims of China and a sense of security crisis caused by China&#8217;s economic growth.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-29\">[28]<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-30\">[29]<\/a><\/sup> In the early 2000s, China&#8217;s claim over the history of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Goguryeo\">Goguryeo<\/a>, an ancient Korean kingdom, caused tensions between both Koreas and China.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-31\">[30]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-32\">[31]<\/a><\/sup> The dispute has also involved naming controversies over <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paektu_Mountain\">Paektu Mountain<\/a> (or <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Changbai_Mountains\">Changbai Mountain<\/a> in Chinese).<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-33\">[32]<\/a><\/sup> China has been accused of trying to appropriate <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kimchi\">kimchi<\/a><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-34\">[33]<\/a><\/sup> and <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hanbok\">hanbok<\/a><\/em> as part of Chinese culture,<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-35\">[34]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-36\">[35]<\/a><\/sup> along with labeling <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yun_Dong-ju\">Yun Dong-ju<\/a> as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chaoxianzu\">chaoxianzu<\/a>, which have all angered South Koreans.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-37\">[36]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u301121 \u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u97e9\u56fd\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6587\u5316\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5371\u673a\u611f\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u97e9\u56fd\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u3002[28][29] 21 \u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u58f0\u79f0\u62e5\u6709\u9ad8\u53e5\u4e3d\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2d\u671d\u5173\u7cfb\u7d27\u5f20\u3002[30][31] \u8fd9\u573a\u4e89\u7aef\u8fd8\u6d89\u53ca\u767d\u5934\u5c71\uff08\u4e2d\u6587\u4e3a\u957f\u767d\u5c71\uff09\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4e89\u8bae\u3002[32] \u4e2d\u56fd\u88ab\u6307\u8d23\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u6ce1\u83dc[33] \u548c\u97e9\u670d\u636e\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206[34][35]\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5c39\u540c\u67f1\u79f0\u4e3a\u671d\u9c9c\u65cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u6fc0\u6012\u4e86\u97e9\u56fd\u4eba\u3002[36]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anti-Chinese sentiments in South Korea have been on a steady rise since 2002. According to Pew opinion polls, favorable views of China steadily declined from 66% in 2002 to 48% in 2008, while unfavorable views rose from 31% in 2002 to 49% in 2008.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-pewglobal-14\">[13]<\/a><\/sup> According to surveys by the East Asia Institute, positive views of China&#8217;s influence declined from 48.6% in 2005 to 38% in 2009, while negative views of it rose from 46.7% in 2005 to 50% in 2008.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-38\">[37]<\/a><\/sup> A 2012 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_World_Service\">BBC World Service<\/a> poll had 64% of South Koreans expressing negative views of China&#8217;s influence, which was the highest percentage out of 21 countries surveyed including Japan at 50%.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-39\">[38]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112002 \u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u97e9\u56fd\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u6301\u7eed\u9ad8\u6da8\u3002\u76ae\u5c24\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u597d\u611f\u5ea6\u4ece 2002 \u5e74\u7684 66% \u6301\u7eed\u4e0b\u964d\u5230 2008 \u5e74\u7684 48%\uff0c\u800c\u8d1f\u9762\u770b\u6cd5\u5219\u4ece 2002 \u5e74\u7684 31% \u4e0a\u5347\u5230 2008 \u5e74\u7684 49%\u3002[13] \u6839\u636e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u770b\u6cd5\u4ece 2005 \u5e74\u7684 48.6% \u4e0b\u964d\u5230 2009 \u5e74\u7684 38%\uff0c\u800c\u8d1f\u9762\u770b\u6cd5\u5219\u4ece 2005 \u5e74\u7684 46.7% \u4e0a\u5347\u5230 2008 \u5e74\u7684 50%\u3002[37] 2012 \u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u5e7f\u64ad\u516c\u53f8\u56fd\u9645\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c64% \u7684\u97e9\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u6301\u8d1f\u9762\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5728\u5305\u62ec\u65e5\u672c\uff0850%\uff09\u5728\u5185\u7684 21 \u4e2a\u53d7\u8bbf\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u3002[38]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2004\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u79f0\u66fe\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e1c\u5317\u7684\u9ad8\u53e5\u4e3d\u3001\u53e4\u671d\u9c9c\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u6743\u3002\u5728\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u97e9\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u7206\u53d1\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u9a9a\u4e71\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u5728\u56db\u6708\u5220\u9664\u6fc0\u6012\u4e86\u97e9\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u62d2\u7edd\u5728\u5176\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u7f51\u7ad9\u53d8\u66f4\u4e3a\u97e9\u56fd\u53f2\u89c2\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u97e9\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5b98\u5458\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e24\u56fd\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8f6c\u6369\u70b9\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-news.naver.com-42\">[42]<\/a><\/sup>\u5728\u97e9\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d3e\u51fa\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u526f\u90e8\u957f\u6b66\u5927\u4f1f\u5230\u9996\u5c14\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u59a5\u5584\u5904\u7f6e\u6709\u5173\u9ad8\u53e5\u4e3d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57282008\u5e74\u5965\u8fd0\u706b\u70ac\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u9996\u7ad9\u9996\u5c14\uff0c6000\u591a\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u793a\u5a01\u8005\u4e0e\u97e9\u56fd\u793a\u5a01\u8005\u51b2\u7a81<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-news.naver.com-42\">[42]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-Torch_relay_violence-43\">[43]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-44\">[44]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-45\">[45]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u800c\u97e9\u56fd\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u8868\u793a\u4f1a\u4e25\u60e9\u6240\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u793a\u5a01\u8005\uff0c<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-Punished_torch_demonstrators-46\">[46]<\/a><\/sup>\u4e4b\u540e\u97e9\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\u7b7e\u8bc1\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-47\">[47]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Relations further strained with the deployment of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/THAAD\">THAAD<\/a> in South Korea in 2017, in which China started its boycott against Korea, making Koreans develop anti-Chinese sentiment in South Korea over reports of economic retaliation by Beijing.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-40\">[39]<\/a><\/sup> According to a poll from the Institute for Peace and Unification Studies at <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seoul_National_University\">Seoul National University<\/a> in 2018, 46% of South Koreans found China as the most threatening country to inter-Korean peace (compared to 33% for North Korea), marking the first time China was seen as a bigger threat than North Korea since the survey began in 2007.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-41\">[40]<\/a><\/sup> A 2022 poll from the Central European Institute of Asian Studies had 81% of South Koreans expressing a negative view of China, which was the highest out of 56 countries surveyed.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-42\">[41]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112017 \u5e74\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u97e9\u56fd\u90e8\u7f72\u8428\u5fb7\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u62b5\u5236\u97e9\u56fd\uff0c\u97e9\u671d\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u636e\u62a5\u9053\u5317\u4eac\u65b9\u9762\u5c06\u5bf9\u97e9\u56fd\u91c7\u53d6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u62a5\u590d\uff0c\u97e9\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u200b\u200b\u97e9\u56fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u3002[39] \u6839\u636e\u9996\u5c14\u56fd\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u5e73\u4e0e\u7edf\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u6240 2018 \u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c46% \u7684\u97e9\u56fd\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u5bf9\u671d\u97e9\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5a01\u80c1\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u671d\u9c9c\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e3a 33%\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u81ea 2007 \u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u8c03\u67e5\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u9996\u6b21\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6bd4\u671d\u9c9c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002[40] \u4e2d\u6b27\u4e9a\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u6240 2022 \u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c81% \u7684\u97e9\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6301\u8d1f\u9762\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u8c03\u67e5\u7684 56 \u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6700\u9ad8\u3002[41]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Discriminatory views of Chinese people have been reported,<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-43\">[42]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-44\">[43]<\/a><\/sup> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_in_Korea\">ethnic-Chinese Koreans<\/a> have faced prejudices including what is said, to be a widespread criminal stigma.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-45\">[44]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-:3-46\">[45]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-47\">[46]<\/a><\/sup> Increased anti-Chinese sentiments had reportedly led to online comments calling the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nanjing_Massacre\">Nanjing Massacre<\/a> the &#8220;Nanjing Grand Festival&#8221; or others such as &#8220;Good Chinese are only dead Chinese&#8221; and &#8220;I want to kill Korean Chinese&#8221;.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-48\">[47]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-:3-46\">[45]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u906d\u5230\u6b67\u89c6[42][43]\uff0c\u97e9\u56fd\u534e\u4eba\u9762\u4e34\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u636e\u79f0\u5305\u62ec\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u6c61\u540d\u3002[44][45][46]\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u9ad8\u6da8\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f51\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u5c06\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u8282\u65e5\u201d\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u201c\u597d\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u6b7b\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6211\u8981\u6740\u97e9\u56fd\u534e\u4eba\u201d\u3002[47][45]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1.2 <em>\u4e2d\u56fd<\/em>\u53f0\u6e7e | Taiwan<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Opinion_polling_on_Taiwanese_identity\">Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/One_Country_on_Each_Side\">One Country on Each Side<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taiwan_independence_movement\">Taiwan independence movement<\/a>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u53f0\u6e7e\u8ba4\u540c\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u3001\u201c\u4e00\u8fb9\u4e00\u56fd\u201d\u548c\u53f0\u72ec\u8fd0\u52a8\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%80%E8%BE%B9%E4%B8%80%E5%9B%BD\">\u4e00\u8fb9\u4e00\u56fd<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8\">\u53f0\u6e7e\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%9F%E5%8C%96\">\u53f0\u6e7e\u672c\u571f\u5316<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E4%B8%AD#_\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\">\u53cd\u4e2d \u00a7&nbsp;_\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u81ea1949\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E5%86%85%E6%88%98\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u56fd\u5171\u5185\u6218<\/a>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u7ed3\u675f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u591a\u6b21\u5a01\u80c1<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%AD%A6%E7%BB%9F%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE\">\u519b\u4e8b\u5165\u4fb5\u53f0\u6e7e<\/a>\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u534e\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u534e\u4eba\u5730\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e00\u76f4\u5341\u5206\u7d27\u5f20\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53f0\u6e7e\u8981\u5bfb\u6c42\u5b98\u65b9\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u6446\u8131\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u5e76\u53f0\u6e7e\u8eab\u4efd\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u9020\u6210\u4e86<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE\">\u53f0\u6e7e<\/a>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u4e24\u8005\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-50\">[50]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anti-Chinese sentiment in Taiwan comes from the fact that many Taiwanese, especially young people, choose to identify solely as &#8220;Taiwanese&#8221;<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-49\">[48]<\/a><\/sup> and are against having closer ties with China, like those in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sunflower_Student_Movement\">Sunflower Student Movement<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-50\">[49]<\/a><\/sup> According to a 2023 survey from Taiwan&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mainland_Affairs_Council\">Mainland Affairs Council<\/a>, 76% of Taiwanese believe that China is a threat and unfriendly to Taiwan.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-51\">[50]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u6e90\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u8bb8\u591a\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u53ea\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u201d[48]\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53cd\u5bf9\u50cf\u592a\u9633\u82b1\u5b66\u8fd0\u90a3\u6837\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5efa\u7acb\u66f4\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002[49] \u6839\u636e\u53f0\u6e7e\u5927\u9646\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a 2023 \u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c76% \u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u53f0\u6e7e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5a01\u80c1\u4e14\u4e0d\u53cb\u597d\u3002[50]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u6e90\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u90fd\u9009\u62e9\u53ea\u8ba4\u540c\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u201c\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-51\">[51]<\/a><\/sup>\u5e76\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u5efa\u7acb\u66f4\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-52\">[52]<\/a><\/sup>\u53f0\u6e7e\u653f\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u5f6d\u660e\u654f\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u5f88\u843d\u540e\u548c\u4e0d\u6587\u660e\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-53\">[53]<\/a><\/sup>\u53f0\u6e7e\u9646\u59d4\u4f1a2020\u5e74\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c76%\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f88\u201c\u4e0d\u53cb\u5584\u201d\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-54\">[54]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1.3 \u65e5\u672c | Japan<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment_in_Japan\">Anti-Chinese sentiment in Japan<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China%E2%80%93Japan_relations\">China\u2013Japan relations<\/a><br>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u4e2d\u65e5\u5173\u7cfb\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8F%8D%E5%8D%8E%E6%83%85%E7%BB%AA\">\u65e5\u672c\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u65e5\u672c\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uff081\uff09\u4e8c\u6218\u4e4b\u524d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a. \u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u4ee3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65e5\u672c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)\">\u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u4ee3<\/a>\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%B1%90%E8%87%A3%E7%A7%80%E5%90%89\">\u4e30\u81e3\u79c0\u5409<\/a>\u53d1\u52a8<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%B9%8B%E5%BD%B9\">\u671d\u9c9c\u4e4b\u5f79<\/a>\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4ee5<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6\">\u671d\u9c9c\u534a\u5c9b<\/a>\u4f5c\u8df3\u677f\u8fdb\u653b\u660e\u671d\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u9677\u5165\u51b7\u6f20\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u9694\u9602\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b. \u660e\u6cbb\u7ef4\u65b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65e5\u672c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%B0\">\u660e\u6cbb\u7ef4\u65b0<\/a>\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\u5c55\u5f00\u5bf9\u5916\u6269\u5f20\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5e76\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%94%B2%E5%8D%88%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD\">\u7532\u5348\u6218\u4e89<\/a>\u6218\u80dc\u6e05\u5ef7\u540e\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u7b7e\u7f72\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%A6%AC%E9%97%9C%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84\">\u9a6c\u5173\u6761\u7ea6<\/a>\u300b\uff0c\u6e05\u5ef7\u5272\u8ba9<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3\">\u53f0\u6e7e<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%81%BC%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6\">\u8fbd\u4e1c\u534a\u5c9b<\/a>\u3001\u5e76\u5360\u9886<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B\">\u671d\u9c9c\u534a\u5c9b<\/a>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC\">\u65e5\u672c<\/a>\u4e0e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B\">\u4e2d\u56fd<\/a>\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53d8\u5f97\u6781\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>c. \u665a\u8fd1\u65f6\u671f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Chinese_civilians_to_be_buried_alive.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"889\" src=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Chinese_civilians_to_be_buried_alive-1024x889.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Chinese_civilians_to_be_buried_alive-1024x889.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Chinese_civilians_to_be_buried_alive-300x260.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Chinese_civilians_to_be_buried_alive-768x667.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Chinese_civilians_to_be_buried_alive-1000x868.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Chinese_civilians_to_be_buried_alive-230x200.jpg 230w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Chinese_civilians_to_be_buried_alive-350x304.jpg 350w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Chinese_civilians_to_be_buried_alive-480x417.jpg 480w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Chinese_civilians_to_be_buried_alive.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df<br>\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a1937\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA\">\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5c60\u6740<\/a>\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e5\u519b\u5f3a\u786c\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e73\u6c11\u62bc\u8fdb\u5751\u4e2d\u51c6\u5907\u96c6\u4f53\u6d3b\u57cb\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218<\/a>\u65f6\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA\">\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5c60\u6740<\/a>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7acb\u523b\u6539\u5584\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uff082\uff09\u6218\u540e\u81f3\u4eca<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1945\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218<\/a>\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E6%97%A5%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB\">\u4e2d\u65e5\u5173\u7cfb<\/a>\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u6b65\u6539\u5584\u3002\u7136\u800c\u81ea2000\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u6e10\u62ac\u5934\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u5728\u5229\u7528\u8be5\u56fd\u66f2\u6298\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E4%B9%A6%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98\">\u65e5\u672c\u5386\u53f2\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u7684\u4e89\u8bae<\/a>\u3001\u65e5\u519b\u8fc7\u53bb\u72af\u4e0b\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E7%BD%AA%E8%A1%8C\">\u6218\u4e89\u7f6a\u884c<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b63\u5f0f\u53c2\u62dc<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%9D%96%E5%9B%BD%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE\">\u9756\u56fd\u795e\u793e<\/a>\uff08\u4f9b\u5949\u7740\u591a\u540d<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%94%B2%E7%BA%A7%E6%88%98%E7%8A%AF\">\u7532\u7ea7\u6218\u72af<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u5916\u4ea4\u724c\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u8ba9\u65e5\u672c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u66ff\u7f6a\u7f8a\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2005%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%8D%E6%97%A5%E7%A4%BA%E5%A8%81%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8\">2005\u5e74\u6625\u5b63\u7684\u53cd\u65e5\u9a9a\u4e71<\/a>\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u66f4\u52a0\u6124\u6012\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u6e90\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-28\">[28]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76ae\u5c24\u5168\u7403\u6001\u5ea6\u8ba1\u5212\u8c03\u67e5\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4ece2002\u5e74\u768455%\u8dcc\u81f32008\u5e74\u768414%<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-pew-29\">[29]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After the end of the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Sino-Japanese_War\">Second Sino-Japanese War<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\">World War II<\/a> in 1945, the relationship between China and Japan gradually improved. However, since 2000, Japan has seen a gradual resurgence of anti-Chinese sentiment. Many Japanese people believe that China is using the issue of the country&#8217;s checkered history, such as the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_history_textbook_controversies\">Japanese history textbook controversies<\/a>, many <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_war_crimes\">war crimes which were committed by Japan&#8217;s military<\/a>, and official visits to the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yasukuni_Shrine\">Yasukuni Shrine<\/a> (in which a number of war criminals are enshrined), as both a diplomatic card and a tool to make Japan a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scapegoating\">scapegoat<\/a> in domestic Chinese politics.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-52\">[51]<\/a><\/sup> The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2005_anti-Japanese_demonstrations\">Anti-Japanese Riots<\/a> in the Spring of 2005 were another source of more anger towards China among the Japanese public. Anti-Chinese sentiments have been on a sharp rise in Japan since 2002. According to the Pew Global Attitude Project (2008), 84% of Japanese people held an unfavorable view of China and 73% of Japanese people held an unfavorable view of Chinese people, which was a higher percentage than all the other countries surveyed.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-pew-53\">[52]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111945 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u65e5\u5173\u7cfb\u9010\u6e10\u6539\u5584\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u81ea 2000 \u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u9010\u6e10\u590d\u82cf\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u5728\u5229\u7528\u8be5\u56fd\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\u65e5\u672c\u5386\u53f2\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u4e89\u8bae\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u65b9\u72af\u4e0b\u7684\u4f17\u591a\u6218\u4e89\u7f6a\u884c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53c2\u62dc\u4f9b\u5949\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u6218\u72af\u7684\u9756\u56fd\u795e\u793e\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u5f20\u5916\u4ea4\u724c\u548c\u5c06\u65e5\u672c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u66ff\u7f6a\u7f8a\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002[51] 2005 \u5e74\u6625\u5b63\u7684\u53cd\u65e5\u9a9a\u4e71\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6124\u6012\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u3002 2002\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u6025\u5267\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u636e\u76ae\u5c24\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc32008\u5e74\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c84%\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6301\u8d1f\u9762\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c73%\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6301\u8d1f\u9762\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bd4\u4f8b\u9ad8\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u63a5\u53d7\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002[52]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A survey in 2017 suggested that 51% of Chinese respondents had experienced tenancy discrimination.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-54\">[53]<\/a><\/sup> Another report in the same year noted a significant bias against Chinese visitors from the media and some of the Japanese locals.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-55\">[54]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112017 \u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c51% \u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u79df\u623f\u6b67\u89c6\u3002[53] \u540c\u5e74\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e5\u672c\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6e38\u5ba2\u5b58\u5728\u660e\u663e\u504f\u89c1\u3002[54]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1.4 \u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646 | China<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%80%86%E5%90%91%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96#\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9678\">\u9006\u5411\u6b67\u89c6 \u00a7&nbsp;\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Among Chinese <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dissident\">dissidents<\/a> and critics of the Chinese government, it&#8217;s popular to express <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Internalized_racism\">internalized racist sentiments<\/a> which are based on anti-Chinese sentiment, such as glorifying <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_war_crimes\">Japanese war crimes<\/a> which were committed during the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Sino-Japanese_War\">Second Sino-Japanese War<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\">World War II<\/a>,<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-inkstone_191011-56\">[55]<\/a><\/sup> promoting the usage of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pejorative\">pejorative<\/a> slurs (such as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shina_(word)\"><em>shina<\/em><\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Locust_(ethnic_slur)\"><em>locust<\/em><\/a>),<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-57\">[56]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-scmp_cheena-58\">[57]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-59\">[58]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-60\">[59]<\/a><\/sup> or displaying hatred towards the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_language\">Chinese language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people\">people<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_culture\">culture<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-61\">[60]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f02\u89c1\u4eba\u58eb\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u4e2d\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u57fa\u4e8e\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u5185\u5316\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u60c5\u7eea\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7f8e\u5316\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u72af\u4e0b\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u7f6a\u884c[55]\uff0c\u63d0\u5021\u4f7f\u7528\u8d2c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff08\u5982\u201c\u652f\u90a3\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8757\u866b\u201d\uff09[56][57][58][59]\uff0c\u6216\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u4eba\u6c11\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4ec7\u6068[60]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%8C%81%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C%E6%94%BF%E8%A7%81%E8%80%85\">\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u653f\u89c1\u8005<\/a>\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E5%90%8C%E6%97%8F%E6%AD%A7%E8%A7%86&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u540c\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6<\/a>\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e2d\u6587\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6216\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5316\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\u60c5\u7eea\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-233\">[233]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-234\">[234]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uff081\uff09\u65b0\u7586 | Xinjiang<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Terrorism_in_China\">Terrorism in China<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xinjiang_conflict\">Xinjiang conflict<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Al-Qaeda_in_Xinjiang\">Al-Qaeda in Xinjiang<\/a><br>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u65b0\u7586\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u65b0\u7586\u57fa\u5730\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Incorporation_of_Xinjiang_into_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China\">Incorporation of Xinjiang into the People&#8217;s Republic of China<\/a> under Mao Zedong to establish the PRC in 1949, there have been considerable ethnic tensions arising between the Han Chinese and Turkic Muslim Uyghurs.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-62\">[61]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-63\">[62]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-64\">[63]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-65\">[64]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-66\">[65]<\/a><\/sup> This manifested itself in the 1997 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ghulja_incident\">Ghulja incident<\/a>,<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-67\">[66]<\/a><\/sup> the bloody <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/July_2009_%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi_riots\">July 2009 \u00dcr\u00fcmqi riots<\/a>,<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-68\">[67]<\/a><\/sup> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2014_Kunming_attack\">2014 Kunming attack<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-69\">[68]<\/a><\/sup> According to <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_News\">BBC News<\/a>, this has prompted China to suppress the native population and create <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xinjiang_internment_camps\">internment camps<\/a> for purported counter-terrorism efforts, which have fuelled resentment in the region.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-70\">[69]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111949 \u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u65b0\u7586\u5e76\u5165\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u6c49\u65cf\u4eba\u548c\u7a81\u53a5\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7ef4\u543e\u5c14\u65cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u7d27\u5f20\u5c40\u52bf\u3002[61][62][63][64][65] \u8fd9\u5728 1997 \u5e74\u7684\u4f0a\u5b81\u4e8b\u4ef6[66]\u30012009 \u5e74 7 \u6708\u7684\u4e4c\u9c81\u6728\u9f50\u8840\u8165\u9a9a\u4e71[67] \u4ee5\u53ca 2014 \u5e74\u7684\u6606\u660e\u6050\u6016\u88ad\u51fb\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u6240\u4f53\u73b0\u3002[68] \u636e BBC \u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u9547\u538b\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u53cd\u6050\u4e3a\u7531\u5efa\u7acb\u62d8\u7559\u8425\uff0c\u8fd9\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u60c5\u7eea\u3002[69]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uff082\uff09\u897f\u85cf | Tibet<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sino-Tibetan_War\">Sino-Tibetan War<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Self-immolation_protests_by_Tibetans_in_China\">Self-immolation protests by Tibetans in China<\/a><br>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u4e2d\u85cf\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u85cf\u4eba\u81ea\u711a\u6297\u8bae\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/2008_Tibet._China.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/2008_Tibet._China.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3376\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/2008_Tibet._China.jpg 700w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/2008_Tibet._China-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/2008_Tibet._China-230x164.jpg 230w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/2008_Tibet._China-350x250.jpg 350w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/2008_Tibet._China-480x343.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 2.0\u534f\u8bae<br>\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aAnti-China protest by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tibetans\">Tibetans<\/a> in India in 2008<br>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a2008 \u5e74\u5370\u5ea6\u85cf\u4eba\u53cd\u534e\u6297\u8bae<br>\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/people\/14179298@N00\">kc7fys<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Tibet has complicated relations with the rest of China. Both Tibetan and Chinese are part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sino-Tibetan_languages\">Sino-Tibetan language family<\/a> and share a long history. The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tang_dynasty\">Tang dynasty<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tibetan_Empire\">Tibetan Empire<\/a> did enter into <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tang%E2%80%93Tibet_relations\">periods of military conflict<\/a>. In the 13th century, Tibet fell under the rule of the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yuan_dynasty\">Yuan dynasty<\/a> but it ceased to be with the collapse of the Yuan dynasty. The relationship between Tibet with China remains complicated until Tibet was invaded again by the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qing_dynasty\">Qing dynasty<\/a>. Following the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_expedition_to_Tibet\">British expedition to Tibet<\/a> in 1904, many Tibetans look back on it as an exercise of Tibetan self-defence and an act of independence from the Qing dynasty <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qing_dynasty#Fall_of_the_dynasty\">as the dynasty was falling apart<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-71\">[70]<\/a><\/sup> and has left a dark chapter in their modern relations. The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)\">Republic of China<\/a> failed to reconquer Tibet but the later People&#8217;s Republic of China <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Annexation_of_Tibet_by_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China\">annexed<\/a> Tibet as the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tibet_Autonomous_Region\">Tibet Autonomous Region<\/a> within China. The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/14th_Dalai_Lama\">14th Dalai Lama<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mao_Zedong\">Mao Zedong<\/a> signed the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seventeen_Point_Agreement_for_the_Peaceful_Liberation_of_Tibet\">Seventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet<\/a>, but China was accused of not honoring the treaty<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-72\">[71]<\/a><\/sup> and led to the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1959_Tibetan_uprising\">1959 Tibetan uprising<\/a> which was successfully suppressed by China,<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-73\">[72]<\/a><\/sup> resulting in the Dalai Lama escaping to <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/India\">India<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-74\">[73]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u897f\u85cf\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u9519\u7efc\u590d\u6742\u3002\u85cf\u8bed\u548c\u6c49\u8bed\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6c49\u85cf\u8bed\u7cfb\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u5510\u671d\u548c\u5410\u9c81\u756a\u5e1d\u56fd\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u8fc7\u519b\u4e8b\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\u671f\u300213 \u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u6ca6\u9677\u4e8e\u5143\u671d\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f46\u5143\u671d\u706d\u4ea1\u540e\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u5143\u671d\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u897f\u85cf\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e00\u76f4\u5f88\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6e05\u671d\u518d\u6b21\u5165\u4fb5\u897f\u85cf\u30021904 \u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u5165\u4fb5\u897f\u85cf\u540e\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u56de\u60f3\u8d77\u90a3\u6b21\u5165\u4fb5\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u81ea\u536b\u6f14\u4e60\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u6e05\u671d\u5206\u5d29\u79bb\u6790\u65f6\u8131\u79bb\u6e05\u671d\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u884c\u4e3a\u3002[70] \u5e76\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u4e00\u7ae0\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u672a\u80fd\u91cd\u65b0\u5f81\u670d\u897f\u85cf\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u7684\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u541e\u5e76\u4e86\u897f\u85cf\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u7684\u897f\u85cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u3002\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u4e16\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u4e0e\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u300a\u548c\u5e73\u89e3\u653e\u897f\u85cf\u5341\u4e03\u6761\u534f\u8bae\u300b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e2d\u56fd\u88ab\u6307\u8d23\u4e0d\u9075\u5b88\u6761\u7ea6[71]\uff0c\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4 1959 \u5e74\u897f\u85cf\u8d77\u4e49\uff0c\u8be5\u8d77\u4e49\u88ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u6210\u529f\u9547\u538b[72]\uff0c\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u9003\u5f80\u5370\u5ea6\u3002[73]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tibetans again rioted against other Chinese rule twice, in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1987%E2%80%931989_Tibetan_unrest\">1987\u20131989 Tibetan unrest<\/a><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-75\">[74]<\/a><\/sup> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2008_Tibetan_unrest\">2008 unrest<\/a>, where they directed their angers against <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Han_people\">Han<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hui_people\">Hui<\/a> Chinese.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-76\">[75]<\/a><\/sup> Both were suppressed by China and China has increased their military presence in the region, despite periodic self-immolations.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-77\">[76]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u85cf\u4eba\u518d\u6b21\u53d1\u52a8\u4e24\u6b21\u53cd\u6297\u4e2d\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u66b4\u4e71\uff0c\u5373 1987-1989 \u5e74\u7684\u897f\u85cf\u9a9a\u4e71[74]\u548c 2008 \u5e74\u7684\u9a9a\u4e71\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u6124\u6012\u53d1\u6cc4\u5230\u6c49\u65cf\u548c\u56de\u65cf\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002[75] \u4e24\u6b21\u66b4\u4e71\u90fd\u906d\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u65f6\u6709\u81ea\u711a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ecd\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5728\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u5b58\u5728\u3002[76]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1.5 \u4e2d\u56fd\u9999\u6e2f | Hong Kong<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Mainland_China_conflict\">Hong Kong\u2013Mainland China conflict<\/a>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u9999\u6e2f\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u51b2\u7a81\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hong_Kong_7.1_Rally__We_stand_united_against_China__14529507686-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"769\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hong_Kong_7.1_Rally__We_stand_united_against_China__14529507686-769x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3377\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hong_Kong_7.1_Rally__We_stand_united_against_China__14529507686-769x1024.jpg 769w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hong_Kong_7.1_Rally__We_stand_united_against_China__14529507686-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hong_Kong_7.1_Rally__We_stand_united_against_China__14529507686-768x1023.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hong_Kong_7.1_Rally__We_stand_united_against_China__14529507686-1153x1536.jpg 1153w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hong_Kong_7.1_Rally__We_stand_united_against_China__14529507686-1538x2048.jpg 1538w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hong_Kong_7.1_Rally__We_stand_united_against_China__14529507686-1000x1332.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hong_Kong_7.1_Rally__We_stand_united_against_China__14529507686-230x306.jpg 230w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hong_Kong_7.1_Rally__We_stand_united_against_China__14529507686-350x466.jpg 350w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hong_Kong_7.1_Rally__We_stand_united_against_China__14529507686-480x639.jpg 480w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hong_Kong_7.1_Rally__We_stand_united_against_China__14529507686-scaled.jpg 1922w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 769px) 100vw, 769px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY 2.0\u534f\u8bae<br>\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hong_Kong_1_July_marches\">Hong Kong marches on 1 July<\/a>, 2014. The sign reads, &#8220;We stand united against China&#8221;.<br>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a2014 \u5e74 7 \u6708 1 \u65e5\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u6e38\u884c\u3002\u6807\u8bed\u4e0a\u5199\u7740\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u56e2\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u201d\u3002<br>\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/people\/29418416@N08\">Studio Incendo<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Although <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hong_Kong\">Hong Kong<\/a>&#8216;s <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transfer_of_sovereignty_over_Hong_Kong\">sovereignty was returned to China<\/a> in 1997, only a small minority of its inhabitants consider themselves to be exclusively Chinese. According to a 2014 survey from the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Hong_Kong\">University of Hong Kong<\/a>, 42.3% of respondents identified themselves as &#8220;Hong Kong citizens&#8221;, versus only 17.8% who identified themselves as &#8220;Chinese citizens&#8221;, and 39.3% gave themselves a mixed identity (a Hong Kong Chinese or a Hong Konger who was living in China).<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-78\">[77]<\/a><\/sup> By 2019, almost no <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hong_Kong_youth\">Hong Kong youth<\/a> identified as Chinese.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-79\">[78]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9999\u6e2f\u4e3b\u6743\u5df2\u4e8e 1997 \u5e74\u56de\u5f52\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u9999\u6e2f\u5c45\u6c11\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u6839\u636e\u9999\u6e2f\u5927\u5b66 2014 \u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c42.3% \u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u201c\u9999\u6e2f\u516c\u6c11\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709 17.8% \u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u201d\uff0c39.3% \u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u6df7\u5408\u8eab\u4efd\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\u534e\u4eba\u6216\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u4eba\uff09\u3002[77] \u5230 2019 \u5e74\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u9999\u6e2f\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u3002[78]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The number of mainland Chinese visitors to the region has surged since the handover (reaching 28 million in 2011) and is perceived by many locals to be the cause of their housing and job difficulties. In addition to resentment due to political oppression, negative perceptions have grown through circulating online posts of mainlander misbehaviour,<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-80\">[79]<\/a><\/sup> as well as discriminatory discourse in major Hong Kong newspapers.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-81\">[80]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-82\">[81]<\/a><\/sup> In 2013, polls from the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hong_Kong_University\">University of Hong Kong<\/a> suggested that 32 to 35.6 per cent of locals had &#8220;negative&#8221; feelings for mainland Chinese people.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-83\">[82]<\/a><\/sup> However, a 2019 survey of Hong Kong residents has suggested that there are also some who attribute positive stereotypes to visitors from the mainland.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-84\">[83]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u81ea\u9999\u6e2f\u56de\u5f52\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u524d\u5f80\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u5927\u9646\u6e38\u5ba2\u6570\u91cf\u6fc0\u589e\uff082011 \u5e74\u8fbe\u5230 2800 \u4e07\u4eba\u6b21\uff09\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f4f\u623f\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u56e0\u653f\u6cbb\u538b\u8feb\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6028\u6068\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7f51\u4e0a\u6d41\u4f20\u7684\u5927\u9646\u4eba\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\u5e16\u5b50[79]\u4ee5\u53ca\u9999\u6e2f\u4e3b\u8981\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0a\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u6027\u8a00\u8bba\u4e5f\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u770b\u6cd5\u3002[80][81] 2013 \u5e74\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c32% \u81f3 35.6% \u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u4eba\u5bf9\u5927\u9646\u4eba\u6709\u201c\u8d1f\u9762\u201d\u611f\u89c9\u3002[82] \u7136\u800c\uff0c2019 \u5e74\u5bf9\u9999\u6e2f\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5bf9\u5927\u9646\u6e38\u5ba2\u62b1\u6709\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u3002[83]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In a 2015 study, mainland students in Hong Kong who initially had a more positive view of the city than of their own mainland hometowns reported that their attempts at connecting with the locals were difficult due to experiences of hostility.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-85\">[84]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112015 \u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u6e2f\u7684\u5185\u5730\u5b66\u751f\u6700\u521d\u5bf9\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u6bd4\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u5185\u5730\u5bb6\u4e61\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u66f4\u4e3a\u79ef\u6781\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u654c\u610f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u4e0e\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\u3002[84]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2012, a group of Hong Kong residents published a newspaper advertisement depicting mainland visitors and immigrants as locusts.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-Juliana_Liu-86\">[85]<\/a><\/sup> In February 2014, about 100 Hong Kongers harassed mainland tourists and shoppers during what they styled an &#8220;anti-locust&#8221; protest in <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kowloon\">Kowloon<\/a>. In response, the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Equal_Opportunities_Commission_(Hong_Kong)\">Equal Opportunities Commission of Hong Kong<\/a> proposed an extension of the territory&#8217;s race-hate laws to cover mainlanders.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-87\">[86]<\/a><\/sup> Strong anti-mainland xenophobia has also been documented amidst the 2019 protests,<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-88\">[87]<\/a><\/sup> with reported instances of protesters attacking Mandarin-speakers and mainland-linked businesses.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-89\">[88]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-90\">[89]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-91\">[90]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112012 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u7fa4\u9999\u6e2f\u5c45\u6c11\u5728\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0a\u520a\u767b\u5e7f\u544a\uff0c\u5c06\u5185\u5730\u6e38\u5ba2\u548c\u79fb\u6c11\u63cf\u7ed8\u6210\u8757\u866b\u3002[85] 2014 \u5e74 2 \u6708\uff0c\u7ea6 100 \u540d\u9999\u6e2f\u4eba\u5728\u4e5d\u9f99\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u8757\u866b\u201d\u6297\u8bae\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u9a9a\u6270\u5185\u5730\u6e38\u5ba2\u548c\u8d2d\u7269\u8005\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u5e73\u7b49\u673a\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u63d0\u8bae\u5c06\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4ec7\u6068\u6cd5\u6269\u5927\u5230\u6db5\u76d6\u5185\u5730\u4eba\u3002[86] \u5728 2019 \u5e74\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\u663e\u793a\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u53cd\u5185\u5730\u4ec7\u5916\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c[87]\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u6297\u8bae\u8005\u88ad\u51fb\u8bf4\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u7684\u4eba\u548c\u4e0e\u5185\u5730\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u3002[88][89][90]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1.6 \u5916\u8499\u53e4\uff08\u8499\u53e4\u56fd\uff09| Mongolia<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0c013cdff7b8e38e85d091a0920144d7\">\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u4e2d\uff0c\u672c\u90e8\u5206\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u4e86\u201c\u4e2d\u4e9a\u201d\u6807\u9898\u4e0b\u3002\u6b64\u5904\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u201c\u4e1c\u4e9a\u201d\u6807\u9898\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Occupation_of_Mongolia\">Occupation of Mongolia<\/a>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u5bf9\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u5360\u9886\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%86%85%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4\">\u5185\u8499\u53e4<\/a>\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4\">\u8499\u53e4<\/a>\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u76f4\u523017\u4e16\u7eaa\u6e05\u671d\u5f81\u670d\u8499\u53e4\u5e76\u88ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u541e\u5e76\u3002\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD\">\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5e1d\u56fd<\/a>\u6269\u5f20\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u8d77\u591a\u5c11\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6e05\u671d\u7684\u57ae\u53f0\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u8bd5\u56fe\u6536\u590d\u8499\u53e4\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1921%E5%B9%B4%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD\">1921\u5e74\u8499\u53e4\u9769\u547d<\/a>\u800c\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\uff1b\u4f461922\u5e74\u4eb2<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94\">\u82cf\u8054<\/a>\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u8499\u53e4\u5171\u4ea7\u515a<\/a>\u593a\u53d6\u4e86\u5916\u8499\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u8bae<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%BC%A0%E4%BD%9C%E9%9C%96\">\u5f20\u4f5c\u9716<\/a>\u7684\u7586\u57df\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e1c\u5317\uff09\u5c06\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u7eb3\u5165\u535a\u683c\u8fbe\u6c57\u548c\u535a\u591a\u7684\u7ba1\u8f96\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-57\">[57]<\/a><\/sup>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u672a\u80fd\u5360\u9886\u5916\u8499\u53e4\uff08\u5373\u540e\u6765\u7684\u8499\u53e4\u56fd\u8499\u53e4\u56fd\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5728\u5185\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u8fd9\u56e0\u6b64\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u672c\u571f<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%97%8F\">\u8499\u53e4\u65cf<\/a>\u6c11\u4f17\u62d2\u7edd\u540c\u5316\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u8499\u53e4\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%96%B0%E7%BA%B3%E7%B2%B9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89\">\u65b0\u7eb3\u7cb9\u56e2\u4f53<\/a>\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ea7\u751f\u654c\u89c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mongolian nationalist and Neo-Nazi groups are reported to be hostile to China,<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-guardian_2010-96\">[95]<\/a><\/sup> and Mongolians traditionally hold unfavorable views of the country.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-97\">[96]<\/a><\/sup> The common stereotype is that China is trying to undermine Mongolian sovereignty in order to eventually make it part of China (the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_China\">Republic of China<\/a> has claimed Mongolia as part of its territory, see Outer Mongolia). Fear and hatred of <em>erliiz<\/em> (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mongolian_language\">Mongolian<\/a>: \u044d\u0440\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0437, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/Mongolian\">[\u02c8\u025br\u026ei\u02d0t\u0361s\u0259]<\/a>, literally, double seeds), a derogatory term for people of mixed Han Chinese and Mongol ethnicity,<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-ttr-98\">[97]<\/a><\/sup> is a common phenomena in Mongolian politics. <em>Erliiz<\/em> are seen as a Chinese plot of &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Genetic_pollution\">genetic pollution<\/a>&#8221; to chip away at Mongolian sovereignty, and allegations of Chinese ancestry are used as a political weapon in election campaigns. Several small Neo-Nazi groups opposing Chinese influence and mixed Chinese couples are present within Mongolia, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tsagaan_Khas\">Tsagaan Khas<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-guardian_2010-96\">[95]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u548c\u65b0\u7eb3\u7cb9\u56e2\u4f53\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6000\u6709\u654c\u610f[95]\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6301\u8d1f\u9762\u770b\u6cd5\u3002[96] \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u662f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u8bd5\u56fe\u7834\u574f\u8499\u53e4\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6700\u7ec8\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u5df2\u58f0\u79f0\u8499\u53e4\u662f\u5176\u9886\u571f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u89c1\u5916\u8499\u53e4\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u201c\u989d\u91cc\u5b5c\u201d\uff08\u8499\u53e4\u8bed\uff1a\u044d\u0440\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0437\uff0c[\u02c8\u025br\u026ei\u02d0t\u0361s\u0259]\uff0c\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u53cc\u5b50\u201d\uff09\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u548c\u4ec7\u6068\u662f\u8499\u53e4\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u989d\u91cc\u5b5c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d2c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6c49\u65cf\u548c\u8499\u53e4\u65cf\u6df7\u8840\u7684\u4eba\u3002[97] \u989d\u91cc\u5b5c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u201c\u57fa\u56e0\u6c61\u67d3\u201d\u7684\u9634\u8c0b\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u524a\u5f31\u8499\u53e4\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u8840\u7edf\u7684\u6307\u63a7\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u7ade\u9009\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u8499\u53e4\u5883\u5185\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6df7\u8840\u592b\u5987\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u65b0\u7eb3\u7cb9\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u5982\u67e5\u5e72\u54c8\u65af\u3002[95]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u9a9a\u4e71\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=2011%E5%B9%B4%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E9%AA%9A%E4%B9%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">2011\u5e74\u7684\u5185\u8499\u53e4\u9a9a\u4e71<\/a>\uff0c\u8be5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u540d\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u88ab\u8c0b\u6740\u3002\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u62b1\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u666e\u904d\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u662f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bd5\u56fe\u7834\u574f\u8499\u53e4\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u7ec8\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u58f0\u79f0\u8499\u53e4\u662f\u5176\u9886\u571f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u672a\u5b9e\u9645\u63a7\u5236\uff09\u3002 \u5bf9\u5c14\u91cc\u5b5c\uff08\u8499\u53e4\u8bed\uff09\u610f\u4e3a\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u548c\u4ec7\u6068\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u6c49\u8499\u6df7\u8840\u513f\u7684\u8d2c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\u662f\u8499\u53e4\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u666e\u904d\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-\u672a\u547d\u540d-20240110220143-58\">[58]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-59\">[59]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2 \u4e2d\u4e9a | Central Asia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2.1 \u54c8\u8428\u514b\u65af\u5766 | Kazakhstan<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Further information: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China%E2%80%93Kazakhstan_relations\">China\u2013Kazakhstan relations<\/a>\u3010\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd-\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u65af\u5766\u5173\u7cfb\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2018\u5e74\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6\">\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u65af\u5766<\/a>\u53d1\u751f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\u6297\u8bae\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u793a\u5a01\u8005\u53cd\u5bf9\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u79df\u8d41\u571f\u5730\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u8d38\u6613\u5546\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5bfc\u81f4\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u65af\u5766\u4ec7\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81\">\u65b0\u7586\u51b2\u7a81<\/a>\uff0c\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u65af\u5766\u6b63\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u6536\u5bb9\u5927\u91cf\u7ef4\u543e\u5c14\u5206\u88c2\u5206\u5b50\u6765\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-48\">[48]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-49\">[49]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2.2 \u5409\u5c14\u5409\u65af\u65af\u5766 | Kyrgyzstan<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Further information: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China%E2%80%93Kyrgyzstan_relations\">China\u2013Kyrgyzstan relations<\/a>\u3010\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd-\u5409\u5c14\u5409\u65af\u65af\u5766\u5173\u7cfb\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u8be5\u56fd\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6\">\u5409\u5c14\u5409\u65af\u65af\u5766<\/a>\u519c\u6c11\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u662f\u5192\u7740\u88ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91\">\u6b96\u6c11<\/a>\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u201d\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-55\">[55]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6839\u636e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E5%87%AF%E5%8D%97%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u51ef\u5357\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/a>\u5f15\u7528\u76842017\u5e74\u81f32019\u5e74\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5e73\u574735%\u7684\u5409\u5c14\u5409\u65af\u65af\u5766\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u8868\u793a\u8d1f\u9762\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u7387\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed63\u4e2a\u4e2d\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-56\">[56]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2.3 \u5854\u5409\u514b\u65af\u5766 | Tajikistan<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Further information: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China%E2%80%93Tajikistan_relations\">China\u2013Tajikistan relations<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China%E2%80%93Tajikistan_border\">China\u2013Tajikistan border<\/a>\u3010\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u4e2d\u5854\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u4e2d\u5854\u8fb9\u754c\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Resentment against China and Chinese people has also increased in <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tajikistan\">Tajikistan<\/a> in recent years due to accusations that China has grabbed land from Tajikistan.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-99\">[98]<\/a><\/sup> In 2013, the Popular Tajik Social-Democrat Party leader, Rakhmatillo Zoirov, claimed that Chinese troops were violating a land-ceding arrangement by moving deeper into Tajikistan than they were supposed to.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-100\">[99]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5854\u5409\u514b\u65af\u5766\u56fd\u5185\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6028\u6068\u65e5\u76ca\u52a0\u6df1\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6709\u4eba\u6307\u8d23\u4e2d\u56fd\u593a\u53d6\u4e86\u5854\u5409\u514b\u65af\u5766\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002[98] 2013 \u5e74\uff0c\u5854\u5409\u514b\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u62c9\u8d6b\u9a6c\u8482\u7565\u00b7\u4f50\u4f0a\u7f57\u592b\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u6df1\u5165\u5854\u5409\u514b\u65af\u5766\uff0c\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u571f\u5730\u5272\u8ba9\u534f\u8bae\u3002[99]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3 \u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a | Southeast Asia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3.1 \u65b0\u52a0\u5761 | Singapore<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4f4e\u51fa\u751f\u7387\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1\">\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d22\u653f\u6fc0\u52b1\u63aa\u65bd\u548c\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u7b7e\u8bc1\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4ee5\u5438\u5f15\u5927\u91cf<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91\">\u79fb\u6c11<\/a>\u6d8c\u5165\u3002\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u4ece1990\u5e74\u7684150,447\u4eba\u589e\u52a0\u52302015\u5e74\u7684448,566\u4eba\uff0c\u5360\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u768418%\uff0c\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A\">\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a<\/a>\u79fb\u6c11\u7684 44%\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-61\">[61]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-62\">[62]<\/a><\/sup>\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5916\u56fd\u5c45\u6c11\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u4eba\u7684\u4ec7\u5916\u5fc3\u7406\u5c24\u5176\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e61\u5df4\u4f6c\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u6307\u8d23\u62a2\u8d70\u4e86\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e76\u63a8\u9ad8\u4e86\u623f\u4ef7\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u79df\u6237\u7684\u4f4f\u623f\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u62a5\u9053\uff0c2019 \u5e74YouGov\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u63a5\u53d7\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6e38\u5ba2\u6301\u6709\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6700\u9ad8\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-63\">[63]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-64\">[64]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2016\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u572820\u540d\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u534e\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c45%\u7684\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u7c97\u9c81\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u670915% \u7684\u4eba\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u4eba\u8868\u793a\u8d1f\u9762\u6001\u5ea6\u30022016\u5e74\u9488\u5bf9\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e24\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u670911%\u7684\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u4eba\u8868\u793a\u6ca1\u6709\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-65\">[65]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-66\">[66]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3.2 \u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a | Malaysia<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB\">\u79cd\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb<\/a>\u548c\u571f\u8457\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u57281969\u5e74\u7684\u9a9a\u4e71\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E4%BA%BA\">\u9a6c\u6765\u4eba<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA\">\u534e\u4eba<\/a>\u4e4b\u95f4\u66fe\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u591a\u8d77\u79cd\u65cf\u51b2\u7a81\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-84\">[84]<\/a><\/sup>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c1957\u5e74\u4e54\u6cbb\u57ce\u767e\u5e74\u5e86\u5178\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u79cd\u65cf\u95f4\u7684\u654c\u610f\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6570\u5929\u7684\u6218\u6597\u548c\u591a\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u5e76\u57281959\u5e74\u548c1964\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u9a9a\u4e71\u30021967\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u9a9a\u4e71\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6297\u8bae\u8d27\u5e01\u8d2c\u503c\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u79cd\u65cf\u5c60\u6740\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-85\">[85]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-86\">[86]<\/a><\/sup>\u5728\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\uff0c\u79cd\u65cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e861964\u5e74\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u9a9a\u4e71\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u4e8e1965\u5e748\u67089\u65e5\u88ab\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u30025\u670813\u65e5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6700\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u9a9a\u4e71\uff0c\u5b98\u65b9\u7edf\u8ba1\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6570196\u4eba<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-87\">[87]<\/a><\/sup>\uff08143\u540d\u534e\u4eba\u300125\u540d\u9a6c\u6765\u4eba\u300113\u540d\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u548c15\u540d\u5176\u4ed6\u672a\u786e\u5b9a\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u603b\u6570\u7ea6\u4e3a600-800\u4eba\u5de6\u53f3\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-88\">[88]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u914d\u989d\u5236\u5ea6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\uff08\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\uff09\u793e\u533a\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u9a6c\u6765<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97\">\u7a46\u65af\u6797<\/a>\uff0c\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u8be5\u56fd\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%B5%81%E5%A4%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u4eba\u624d\u5916\u6d41<\/a>\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-89\">[89]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-90\">[90]<\/a><\/sup>2015\u5e74\uff0c\u7eb3\u5409\u5e03\u00b7\u62c9\u624e\u514b\u653f\u515a\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u6570\u5343\u4eba\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%94%90%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%97\">\u5510\u4eba\u8857<\/a>\u6e38\u884c\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\uff0c\u5e76\u5a01\u80c1\u70e7\u6bc1\u5546\u5e97\u6765\u7ef4\u62a4\u9a6c\u6765\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u9a7b\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u5927\u4f7f\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-91\">[91]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2019\u5e74\u6709\u62a5\u9053\u79f0\uff0c\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u534e\u88d4\u548c\u9a6c\u6765\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u201c\u5904\u4e8e\u6700\u4f4e\u6f6e\u201d\uff0c\u7f51\u4e0a\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u6709\u5173\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u4e0d\u5206\u9752\u7ea2\u7682\u767d\u5730\u83b7\u5f97\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u5047\u65b0\u95fb\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u79cd\u65cf\u7d27\u5f20\u5c40\u52bf\u3002\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u534e\u4eba\u7ec4\u6210\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%E9%BB%A8\">\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u6c11\u4e3b\u884c\u52a8\u515a<\/a>\u4e5f\u9762\u4e34\u5047\u65b0\u95fb\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5047\u65b0\u95fb\u5c06\u5176\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u7231\u56fd\u3001\u53cd\u9a6c\u6765\u4eba\u548c\u53cd\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-92\">[92]<\/a><\/sup>\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19\">COVID-19<\/a>\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6709\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u5e16\u5b50\u58f0\u79f0\u6700\u521d\u7684\u75ab\u60c5\u7206\u53d1\u662f\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u5f85\u5176\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7ef4\u543e\u5c14\u65cf\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u201c\u795e\u5723\u62a5\u5e94\u201d\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-93\">[93]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3.3 \u67ec\u57d4\u5be8 | Cambodia<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Cambodians\">Chinese Cambodians<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cambodia%E2%80%93China_relations\">Cambodia\u2013China relations<\/a>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u534e\u4eba\u548c\u67ec\u4e2d\u5173\u7cfb\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The speed of Chinese resident arrivals in <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sihanoukville_(city)\">Sihanoukville city<\/a> has led to an increase in fear and hostility towards the new influx of Chinese residents among the local population. As of 2018, the Chinese community in the city makes up almost 20% of the town&#8217;s population.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-123\">[122]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c45\u6c11\u8fc5\u901f\u6d8c\u5165\u897f\u54c8\u52aa\u514b\u5e02\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u5bf9\u65b0\u6d8c\u5165\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u548c\u654c\u610f\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u622a\u81f3 2018 \u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u5e02\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u5360\u8be5\u9547\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u8fd1 20%\u3002[122]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3.4 \u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe | Philippines<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippines,_Province_of_China_banners\">Philippines, Province of China banners<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_gambling_workers_in_the_Philippines\">Chinese gambling workers in the Philippines<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iisang_Dagat\">Iisang Dagat<\/a>; and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippines_v._China\">Philippines v. China<\/a>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e00\u4e2a\u7701\u7684\u65d7\u5e1c\uff1b\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d4c\u535a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\uff1bIisang Dagat\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u8bc9\u4e2d\u56fd\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99\">\u897f\u73ed\u7259<\/a>\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B\">\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u7fa4\u5c9b<\/a>\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u53cd\u534e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\u591a\u6b21\u5c60\u6740\u6216\u5c06\u534e\u4eba\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u9a6c\u5c3c\u62c9\uff0c\u800c\u534e\u4eba\u5219\u662f\u9003\u5230\u90a6\u677f\u7259\u7701\u6216\u6b96\u6c11\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u9886\u571f\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%8B%8F%E7%A6%84%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD\">\u82cf\u7984\u82cf\u4e39\u56fd<\/a>\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u652f\u6301\u82cf\u7984\u82cf\u4e39\u56fd\u5bf9\u6297\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5f53\u5c40\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u96be\u6c11\u4e0d\u4ec5\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u82cf\u7984\u82cf\u4e39\u56fd\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u65b0\u540c\u80de\u4e00\u8d77\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%8E%AB%E6%B4%9B%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81\">\u6469\u6d1b\u51b2\u7a81<\/a>\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6297\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-95\">[95]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u5206\u7c7b\u5c06\u534e\u4eba\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u52a9\u957f\u4e86\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u5bf9\u534e\u88d4\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\uff1b\u8bb8\u591a\u534e\u4eba\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u6216\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e0e\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u76f8\u5bf9\u7acb\u3002 \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5dee\u8ddd\u60ac\u6b8a\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0e\u8d22\u5bcc\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002 \u8fd9\u79cd\u770b\u6cd5\u4e5f\u52a0\u5267\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u7d27\u5f20\u5c40\u52bf\uff0c\u534e\u88d4\u4eba\u53e3\u88ab\u63cf\u7ed8\u6210\u63a7\u5236\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u653f\u515a\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-96\">[96]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e2d\u83f2\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8D%97%E6%B2%99%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B\">\u5357\u6c99\u7fa4\u5c9b<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%BB%84%E5%B2%A9%E5%B2%9B\">\u9ec4\u5ca9\u5c9b<\/a>\u7684\u5bf9\u5cd9\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u62b5\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u59cb\u4e8e2012\u5e74\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u524d\u6297\u8bae\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u5411\u5176\u516c\u6c11\u53d1\u51fa\u4e3a\u671f\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u65c5\u884c\u8b66\u544a\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-97\">[97]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4e54\u7eb3\u68ee\u00b7\u79d1\u666e\u5179\u00b7\u7fc1\u54c0\u53f9\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u4ec7\u6068\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8a00\u8bba\uff0c\u201c\u8be5\u56fd\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u8bb0\u8005\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u534e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u62b5\u6297\u5f62\u5f0f\u201d\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-98\">[98]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3.4 \u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a | Indonesia<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China%E2%80%93Indonesia_relations\">China\u2013Indonesia relations<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Discrimination_against_Chinese_Indonesians\">Discrimination against Chinese Indonesians<\/a><br>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5370\u5c3c\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%AF%B9%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%A7%E8%A7%86\">\u5bf9\u5370\u5c3c\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u6b67\u89c6<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"549\" src=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998-1024x549.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3378\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998-1024x549.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998-300x161.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998-768x412.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998-1000x536.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998-230x123.jpg 230w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998-350x188.jpg 350w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998-480x257.jpg 480w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df<br>\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aAnti-Chinese sentiment reached its peak in May 1998, when <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/May_1998_riots_of_Indonesia\">major riots<\/a> swept over <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jakarta\">Jakarta<\/a>.<br>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a1998\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u96c5\u52a0\u8fbe\u7206\u53d1\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u9a9a\u4e71\uff0c\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u8fbe\u5230\u9876\u5cf0\u3002<br>\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aOffice of the Vice President The Republic of Indonesia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The Dutch introduced anti-Chinese laws in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dutch_East_Indies\">Dutch East Indies<\/a>. The Dutch colonialists started the first massacre of Chinese in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1740_Batavia_massacre\">1740 Batavia massacre<\/a> in which tens of thousands died. The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Java_War_(1741%E2%80%9343)\">Java War (1741\u201343)<\/a> followed shortly thereafter.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-129\">[128]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-130\">[129]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-131\">[130]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-132\">[131]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-133\">[132]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8377\u5170\u4eba\u5728\u8377\u5c5e\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u7fa4\u5c9b\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u53cd\u534e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u5728 1740 \u5e74\u53d1\u52a8\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u573a\u9488\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u5c60\u6740\uff0c\u5373\u5df4\u8fbe\u7ef4\u4e9a\u5927\u5c60\u6740\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6570\u4e07\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u722a\u54c7\u6218\u4e89\uff081741-43 \u5e74\uff09\u968f\u540e\u7206\u53d1\u3002[128][129][130][131][132]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The asymmetrical economic position between ethnic <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Indonesians\">Chinese Indonesians<\/a> and indigenous Indonesians has incited anti-Chinese sentiment among the poorer majorities. During the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesian_killings_of_1965%E2%80%9366\">Indonesian killings of 1965\u201366<\/a>, in which more than 500,000 people died (mostly non-Chinese Indonesians),<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-134\">[133]<\/a><\/sup> ethnic Chinese were killed and their properties looted and burned as a result of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Discrimination_against_Chinese_Indonesians\">anti-Chinese racism<\/a> on the excuse that <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dipa_Nusantara_Aidit\">Dipa &#8220;Amat&#8221; Aidit<\/a> had brought the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesian_Communist_Party\">PKI<\/a> closer to China.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-135\">[134]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-bbcindonesia-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup> In the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/May_1998_riots_of_Indonesia\">May 1998 riots of Indonesia<\/a> following the fall of President <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suharto\">Suharto<\/a>, many ethnic Chinese were targeted by other Indonesian rioters, resulting in extensive looting. However, when Chinese-owned supermarkets were targeted for looting most of the dead were not ethnic Chinese, but the looters themselves, who were burnt to death by the hundreds when a fire broke out.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-136\">[135]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-137\">[136]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5370\u5c3c\u534e\u88d4\u4e0e\u5370\u5c3c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u6fc0\u8d77\u4e86\u8d2b\u7a77\u7684\u591a\u6570\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u30021965-66 \u5e74\u5370\u5c3c\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u9020\u6210 50 \u591a\u4e07\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff08\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u975e\u534e\u88d4\u5370\u5c3c\u4eba\uff09\uff0c[133] \u534e\u88d4\u88ab\u6740\u5bb3\uff0c\u8d22\u4ea7\u88ab\u62a2\u52ab\u548c\u711a\u70e7\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u53cd\u534e\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u501f\u53e3\uff0c\u501f\u53e3\u662f\u8fea\u5e15\u00b7\u201c\u827e\u4e70\u63d0\u201d\u00b7\u827e\u8fea\u7279\u8ba9\u5370\u5c3c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002[134][5] 1998 \u5e74 5 \u6708\uff0c\u82cf\u54c8\u6258\u603b\u7edf\u4e0b\u53f0\u540e\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u7206\u53d1\u9a9a\u4e71\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u534e\u88d4\u6210\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u5370\u5c3c\u66b4\u5f92\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u62a2\u52ab\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u534e\u4eba\u5f00\u7684\u8d85\u5e02\u6210\u4e3a\u62a2\u52ab\u76ee\u6807\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6b7b\u8005\u4e0d\u662f\u534e\u88d4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u62a2\u52ab\u8005\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u706b\u707e\u4e2d\u88ab\u70e7\u6b7b\uff0c\u6570\u767e\u4eba\u88ab\u70e7\u6b7b\u3002[135][136]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC%E6%8E%92%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6\">\u5370\u5c3c\u6392\u534e\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/a>\u4e0e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%89%E3%80%87%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6\">\u4e5d\u4e09\u3007\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/a>\uff0c\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6392\u534e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u534e\u4eba\u975e\u6b63\u5e38\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002 \u5370\u5c3c\u6709\u534e\u4eba650\u591a\u4e07\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u665a\u6e05\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u798f\u5efa\u3001\u5e7f\u4e1c\u51e0\u6b21\u5927\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u8fc1\u5f99\u5230\u8fbe\u5370\u5c3c\u3002\u534e\u4eba\u5230\u5370\u5c3c\u540e\u5176\u751f\u6d3b\u6761\u4ef6\u6781\u5176\u8270\u82e6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5148\u662f\u4ece\u4e8b\u6355\u9c7c\u4e1a\uff0c\u540e\u9010\u6b65\u8fdb\u5165\u5546\u4e1a\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u3001\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u4e1a\u7b49\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u51e0\u4ee3\u4eba\u542b\u8f9b\u8339\u82e6\u7684\u594b\u6597\uff0c\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u4e3e\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1965\u5e749\u670830\u65e5\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u7206\u53d1\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%89%E9%9B%B6%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6\">\u4e5d\u4e09\u96f6\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/a>\u201d\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A\">\u5370\u5c3c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a<\/a>\u515a\u5458\u3001\u82cf\u52a0\u8bfa\u7684\u4eb2\u4fe1\u3001\u603b\u7edf\u536b\u961f\u4e09\u8425\u8425\u957f\u7fc1\u4e1c\u4e2d\u6821\u53d1\u52a8\u653f\u53d8\uff0c\u7ed1\u67b6\u5e76\u6740\u5bb3\u4e86\u5305\u62ec\u9646\u519b\u53f8\u4ee4\u96c5\u5c3c\u5728\u5185\u7684\u516d\u540d\u53f3\u7ffc\u519b\u65b9\u9886\u8896\u3002\u65f6\u4efb\u519b\u961f\u5c06\u9886\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%98%87%E5%93%88%E6%89%98\">\u82cf\u54c8\u6258<\/a>\u6307\u8d23\u5370\u5c3c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u6697\u6740\u653f\u654c\u8bd5\u56fe\u593a\u6743\uff0c\u968f\u5373\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53f3\u7ffc\u519b\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u7b56\u52a8<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%85%B1%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%97&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u53cd\u5171\u5927\u6e05\u6d17<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1967\u5e74\uff0c\u82cf\u52a0\u8bfa\u88ab\u8feb\u8f9e\u804c\uff0c\u82cf\u54c8\u6258\u63a5\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u3002\u82cf\u54c8\u6258\u5728\u53cd\u5171\u6e05\u6d17\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6d88\u706d\u5370\u5c3c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4efd\u5b50\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u534e\u4eba\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4efd\u5b50\u5904\u51b3\u3002\u5b66\u754c\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u670950\u4e07\u5370\u5c3c\u534e\u4eba\u5728\u6b64\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4e27\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u82cf\u54c8\u6258\u5728\u5176\u7edf\u6cbb\u5370\u5c3c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u575a\u51b3\u7684\u53cd\u5171\u9632\u5171\u300230\u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u88ab\u4ee4\u4e0d\u51c6\u8bb2\u534e\u8bed\u3001\u4e0d\u51c6\u5f00\u529e\u534e\u4eba\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u4e0d\u51c6\u4f7f\u7528\u534e\u6587\u59d3\u540d\u3001\u534e\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u653f\u5e9c\u4f53\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u540e\u5370\u5c3c\u5c60\u6740\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u6392\u534e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53c8\u591a\u6b21\u91cd\u6f14\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%BB%91%E8%89%B2%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%A8\">\u9ed1\u8272\u4e94\u6708\u66b4\u52a8<\/a>\u201d\u4e2d\u66b4\u5f92\u5bf9\u5370\u5c3c\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u6b8b\u9177\u66b4\u884c\u9707\u60ca\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u4eba\u6743\u59d4\u5458\u53d1\u8868\u58f0\u660e\u52a0\u4ee5\u8c34\u8d23\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u754c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u7eb7\u7eb7\u5bf9\u5370\u5c3c\u653f\u5e9c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5f3a\u70c8\u6307\u8d23\u3002\u65b0\u95fb\u5a92\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u63ed\u9732\u548c\u62a5\u5bfc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1988\u5e74\u5370\u5c3c\u6392\u534e\uff0c\u5168\u5bb6\u5728\u53f0\u903e\u671f\u5c45\u7559\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E5%8A%89%E6%9B%89%E8%8A%AC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u5218\u6653\u82ac<\/a>\u53ca\u7acb\u59d4<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%99%B3%E5%AD%B8%E8%81%96\">\u9648\u5b66\u5723<\/a>\u7b49\u4eba\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u6392\u534e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-99\">[99]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1998\u5e745\u6708\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\uff0c<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-100\">[100]<\/a><\/sup>\u5176\u4e2d2000\u591a\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u96c5\u52a0\u8fbe\u66b4\u4e71\u3002\u6570\u4ee5\u4e07\u8ba1\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u88ab\u6740\u5bb3\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-101\">[101]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-102\">[102]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-103\">[103]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-104\">[104]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-105\">[105]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-137\"><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In recent years,<sup>[<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style\/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items\">when?<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_China_Sea_disputes\">disputes<\/a> in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_China_Sea\">South China Sea<\/a> led to the renewal of tensions. At first, the conflict was contained between China and Vietnam, the Philippines and Malaysia, with Indonesia staying neutral. However, accusations about Indonesia&#8217;s lack of activities to protect its fishermen from China&#8217;s fishing vessels in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Natuna_Sea\">Natuna Sea<\/a><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-138\">[137]<\/a><\/sup> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Disinformation\">disinformation<\/a> about Chinese foreign workers have contributed to the deterioration of China&#8217;s image in Indonesia.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-139\">[138]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-140\">[139]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5357\u6d77\u4e89\u7aef\u5bfc\u81f4\u7d27\u5f20\u5c40\u52bf\u518d\u5ea6\u5347\u6e29\u3002\u8d77\u521d\uff0c\u51b2\u7a81\u88ab\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u8d8a\u5357\u3001\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u548c\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e2d\u7acb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u88ab\u6307\u8d23\u6ca1\u6709\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\u4fdd\u62a4\u5176\u6e14\u6c11\u514d\u53d7\u7eb3\u571f\u7eb3\u6d77\u4e2d\u56fd\u6e14\u8239\u7684\u88ad\u51fb[137]\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u5173\u4e2d\u56fd\u5916\u7c4d\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u6076\u5316\u3002[138][139]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coconuts_Media\">Coconuts Media<\/a> reported in April 2022 of online groups in the country targeting Chinese-Indonesian women for racialised sexual abuse.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-141\">[140]<\/a><\/sup> On the other hand, a 2022 online poll done by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palack%C3%BD_University_Olomouc\">Palack\u00fd University Olomouc<\/a> had little more than 20% of Indonesian respondents viewing China negatively while over 70% held a positive view.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-142\">[141]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-143\">[142]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112022 \u5e74 4 \u6708\uff0cCoconuts Media \u62a5\u9053\u79f0\uff0c\u8be5\u56fd\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u56e2\u4f53\u9488\u5bf9\u534e\u88d4\u5370\u5c3c\u5973\u6027\u5b9e\u65bd\u79cd\u65cf\u6027\u8650\u5f85\u3002[140] \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5965\u6d1b\u7a46\u8328\u5e15\u62c9\u8328\u57fa\u5927\u5b66 2022 \u5e74\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u5728\u7ebf\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709 20% \u591a\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u5370\u5c3c\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6301\u8d1f\u9762\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u8d85\u8fc7 70% \u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u6301\u6b63\u9762\u770b\u6cd5\u3002[141][142]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3.5 \u7f05\u7538 | Myanmar<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China%E2%80%93Myanmar_relations\">China\u2013Myanmar relations<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sino-Burmese_wars\">Sino-Burmese wars<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_people_in_Myanmar\">Chinese people in Myanmar<\/a><br>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u4e2d\u7f05\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u4e2d\u7f05\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u7f05\u7538\u534e\u4eba\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f05\u7538\u6301\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%BC%85%E7%94%B8%E5%86%85%E6%88%98\">\u5185\u6218<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1967%E5%B9%B4%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF%E9%A8%B7%E4%BA%82\">1967\u5e74\u9488\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u7684\u9a9a\u4e71<\/a>\u6fc0\u6012\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2d\u56fd\u5411\u7f05\u7538\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u53db\u4e71\u5206\u5b50\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b66\u88c5\u3002\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5f00\u91c7\u4e5f\u963b\u788d\u4e86<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E7%BC%85%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB\">\u4e2d\u7f05\u5173\u7cfb<\/a>\u3002\u5728\u7f05\u7538\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u7f05\u7538\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u6027\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u8a00\u8bba\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-106\">[106]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In November 2023, pro junta supporters held protests in Naypyidaw and Yangon accusing China of supporting <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_1027\">Operation 1027<\/a> rebels,<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-149\">[148]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-150\">[149]<\/a><\/sup> with some Yangon protesters threatening to attack China for its support.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-151\">[150]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112023 \u5e74 11 \u6708\uff0c\u4eb2\u519b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u5728\u5185\u6bd4\u90fd\u548c\u4ef0\u5149\u4e3e\u884c\u6297\u8bae\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u6307\u8d23\u4e2d\u56fd\u652f\u6301\u201c1027 \u884c\u52a8\u201d\u53db\u519b\uff0c[148][149]\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ef0\u5149\u6297\u8bae\u8005\u5a01\u80c1\u8981\u653b\u51fb\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5176\u652f\u6301\u3002[150]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3.6 \u6cf0\u56fd | Thailand<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China%E2%80%93Thailand_relations\">China\u2013Thailand relations<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thai_Chinese\">Thai Chinese<\/a>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u4e2d\u6cf0\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u6cf0\u56fd\u534e\u4eba\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%BD\">\u6cf0\u56fd<\/a>\uff081939\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u79f0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%9A%B9%E7%BD%97\">\u66b9\u7f57<\/a>\uff09\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5bf9\u534e\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u66b9\u5173\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u534e\u88d4\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u534e\u4eba\u5df2\u878d\u5165\u6cf0\u56fd\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-107\">[107]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1914, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vajiravudh\">King Rama VI Vajiravudh<\/a> originated the phrase &#8220;Jews of the Orient&#8221; to describe Chinese.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-:Han-152\">[151]<\/a>:\u200a127\u200a<\/sup> He published an essay using Western <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antisemitism\">antisemitic<\/a> tropes to characterize Chinese as &#8220;vampires who steadily suck dry an unfortunate victim&#8217;s lifeblood&#8221; because of their perceived lack of loyalty to Siam and the fact that they sent money back to China.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-:Han-152\">[151]<\/a>:\u200a127\u200a<\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111914 \u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u62c9\u739b\u516d\u4e16\u00b7\u54c7\u96c6\u62c9\u5140\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u201c\u4e1c\u65b9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u3002[151]:\u200a127\u200a \u4ed6\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u7528\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u592a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6bd4\u55bb\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5438\u5e72\u4e0d\u5e78\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u8840\u7684\u5438\u8840\u9b3c\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u66b9\u7f57\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5fe0\u8bda\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u94b1\u5bc4\u56de\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002[151]:\u200a127<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5230\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E6%8A%AB%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E9%A2%82%E5%A0%AA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u62ab\u6587\u00b7\u9882\u582a<\/a>\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6cf0\u56fd\u5316\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u538b\u8feb\u6cf0\u56fd\u534e\u4eba\uff0c\u9650\u5236<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96\">\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5316<\/a>\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u6559\u6388<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD\">\u6c49\u8bed<\/a>\uff0c\u5f3a\u8feb\u6cf0\u56fd\u534e\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u6cf0\u8bed\u3002\u666e\u62c9\u514b\u75f4\u8ff7\u4e8e\u5236\u5b9a\u6cdb\u6cf0\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bae\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5c06\u9886\u4eec\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff08\u5f53\u65f6\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6cf0\u56fd\u5c06\u9886\u90fd\u6709\u6f6e\u5dde\u80cc\u666f\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4ed6\u4e8e1944\u5e74\u88ab\u514d\u804c\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-108\">[108]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since that, mainstream culture of the nation from the Central Thai people was replaced by Thai Chinese, and Central Thai face discrimination instead, although the Cold War may have inflamed hostility towards the mainland Chinese.<sup>[<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\">citation needed<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u81ea\u6b64\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u4e2d\u90e8\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u6587\u5316\u88ab\u6cf0\u56fd\u534e\u4eba\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u4e2d\u90e8\u53cd\u800c\u9762\u4e34\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u51b7\u6218\u53ef\u80fd\u6fc0\u8d77\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7684\u654c\u610f\u3002[\u5f15\u6587\u9700\u8981]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u968f\u77402013\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u6e38\u5ba2\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u4eba\u7684\u654c\u610f\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u589e\u52a0\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-109\">[109]<\/a><\/sup>\u6cf0\u56fd\u65b0\u95fb\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0a\u6709\u5173\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u56fd\u6e38\u5ba2\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5e16\u5b50\u4e5f\u4f7f\u60c5\u51b5\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u7cdf\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-110\">[110]<\/a><\/sup>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e24\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6cf0\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6e38\u5ba2\u62b1\u6709\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-111\">[111]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-112\">[112]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3.7 \u8d8a\u5357 | Vietnam<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations\">China\u2013Vietnam relations<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sino-Vietnamese_Wars_(disambiguation)\">Sino-Vietnamese Wars<\/a>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u4e2d\u8d8a\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u4e2d\u8d8a\u6218\u4e89\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2014%E5%B9%B4%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E6%8E%92%E8%8F%AF%E6%9A%B4%E5%8B%95\">2014\u5e74\u8d8a\u5357\u6392\u534e\u66b4\u52a8<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u8d8a\u5357\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2\">\u8d8a\u5357\u5386\u53f2<\/a>\u91cc\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u572810\u4e16\u7eaa\u524d\u957f\u671f\u88ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u5360\u9886\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%B6%8A%E6%88%B0\">\u8d8a\u6218<\/a>\u540e\uff0c\u65b0\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97\">\u8d8a\u5357<\/a>\u653f\u5e9c\u5360\u9886<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8D%97%E6%B2%99%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6\">\u5357\u6c99\u7fa4\u5c9b<\/a>\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5c11\u5c9b\u5c7f\uff0c\u56e0\u4ecb\u5165<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8\">\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8<\/a>\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u4e2d\u8d8a\u5173\u7cfb\u6025\u4fc3\u6076\u5316\uff0c\u4ece1978\u5e74\u52301979\u5e74\uff0c\u7ea645\u4e07\u8d8a\u5357\u534e\u4eba\u4e58\u8239\u79bb\u5f00\u8d8a\u5357\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u524d\u5357\u8d8a\u6c11\u4f17\u9003\u79bb\u8d8a\u5171\u7edf\u6cbb\uff09\u30021979\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E8%B6%8A%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD\">\u4e2d\u8d8a\u6218\u4e89<\/a>\u7206\u53d1\u540e\u53c8\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u8d8a\u5357\u534e\u4eba\u9003\u5f80\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-71\">[71]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E8%B6%8A%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD\">\u4e2d\u8d8a\u6218\u4e89<\/a>\u7684\u9634\u5f71\u4e00\u76f4\u5f71\u54cd\u4e2d\u8d8a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8d8a\u5357\u53cd\u534e\u6d3e\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u4e3a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%BB%8E%E7%AC%8B\">\u9ece\u7b0b<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%98%AE%E5%BF%97%E6%B8%85\">\u962e\u5fd7\u6e05<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%96%87%E8%BF%9B%E5%8B%87\">\u6587\u8fdb\u52c7<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%98%AE%E6%99%8B%E5%8B%87\">\u962e\u664b\u52c7<\/a>\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0e20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u671d\u9c9c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%87%91%E6%97%A5%E6%88%90\">\u91d1\u65e5\u6210<\/a>\u653f\u6743\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u884c\u52a8\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8d8a\u5357\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u884c\u52a8\u540c\u6837\u53d7\u5230<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%B5%AB%E9%B2%81%E6%99%93%E5%A4%AB\">\u8d6b\u9c81\u6653\u592b<\/a>\u5f53\u653f\u540e\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5927\u529b\u9f13\u52a8\u548c\u652f\u6301\u30021964\u81f31965\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6301\u4eb2\u8fd1\u4e2d\u56fd\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u8d8a\u5357\u6700\u9ad8\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%83%A1%E5%BF%97%E6%98%8E\">\u80e1\u5fd7\u660e<\/a>\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6743\u5229\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u88ab\u9ece\u7b0b\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%95%BF%E5%BE%81_(%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9)\">\u957f\u5f81<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%8C%83%E6%96%87%E5%90%8C\">\u8303\u6587\u540c<\/a>\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%89%E5%A4%B4%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F\">\u4e09\u9a7e\u9a6c\u8f66<\/a>\u201d\u6240\u67b6\u7a7a\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6574\u4e2a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89\">\u8d8a\u5357\u6218\u4e89<\/a>\u671f\u95f4\u53ca1975\u5e74\u521d\u505c\u6218\u540e\u7684\u6700\u521d\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u8d8a\u5357\u7684\u6218\u540e\u91cd\u5efa\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u82cf\u8054\u3001\u671d\u9c9c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e1c\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u867d\u7136\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b\u8fdc\u4e0d\u5982\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u4e14\u81ea\u8eab\u4ea6\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%8A%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%8F%B4%E8%B6%8A\">\u6218\u4e89<\/a>\u4e2d\u906d\u53d7\u4e25\u91cd\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u4f46\u63f4\u52a9\u8d8a\u5357\u7684\u529b\u5ea6\u4e00\u76f4\u5927\u5927\u8d85\u8fc7\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u7ef4\u6301\u8d8a\u5357\u6700\u5927\u63f4\u52a9\u56fd\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4e0e\u80e1\u5fd7\u660e\u4e3b\u653f\u65f6\u671f\u4eb2\u8fd1\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u9ece\u7b0b\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u6d3e\u8d77\u5148\u4fbf\u5f88\u5c11\u8c08\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u5219\u516c\u5f00\u5f7b\u5e95\u5426\u5b9a\u63a5\u53d7\u4e2d\u56fd\u652f\u63f4\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1976\u5e749\u670816\u65e5\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u300a\u6d88\u606f\u62a5\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u8bc4\u8bba\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u7684\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u5bb6\u300b\uff0c\u79f0\u5357\u6d77\u8bf8\u5c9b\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5c9b\u5c7f\u201c\u5206\u522b\u5f52\u5c5e\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u8d8a\u5357\u3001\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e9a\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u79f0\u4e2d\u56fd\u897f\u6c99\u8003\u53e4\u201c\u65e0\u89c6\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8d8a\u5357\u3001\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u548c\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u90fd\u7533\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c9b\u5c7f\u7684\u6743\u5229\u201d\u30021982\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u4e1c\u65b9\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u8fd1\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u90bb\u5c45\u300b\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u53e3\u5934\u4e0a\u79f0\u652f\u6301\u8d8a\u5357\u7684\u9886\u571f\u5b8c\u6574\u548c\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u5374\u5728\u897f\u6c99\u7fa4\u5c9b\u6311\u8d77\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u4f18\u52bf\u5175\u529b\u8feb\u4f7f\u5357\u8d8a\u5b88\u536b\u90e8\u961f\u64a4\u79bb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c9b\u5c7f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Shortly after the Vietnamese War ended in 1975, the Vietnamese government aggressively persecuted the Chinese community by confiscating property and businesses owned by overseas Chinese in Vietnam and expelling the ethnic Chinese minority into southern Chinese provinces.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-161\">[160]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111975 \u5e74\u8d8a\u5357\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u8d8a\u5357\u653f\u5e9c\u5927\u529b\u8feb\u5bb3\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6536\u8d8a\u5357\u534e\u4fa8\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u534e\u4fa8\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u9a71\u9010\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u65b9\u7701\u4efd\u3002[160]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are strong anti-Chinese sentiments among the Vietnamese population, stemming in part from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Era_of_Northern_Domination\">a past thousand years of Chinese rule<\/a> in Northern Vietnam. A long history of Sino-Vietnamese conflicts followed, with repeated wars over the centuries. Though current relations are peaceful, numerous wars were fought between the two nations in the past, from the time of the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Early_L%C3%AA_dynasty\">Early L\u00ea dynasty<\/a> (10th century)<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-162\">[161]<\/a><\/sup> to the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sino-Vietnamese_War\">Sino-Vietnamese War<\/a> from 1979 to 1989. The conflict fueled racist discrimination against and consequent emigration by the country&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hoa_people\">ethnic Chinese<\/a> population. From 1978 to 1979, some 450,000 ethnic Chinese left <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam\">Vietnam<\/a> by boat (mainly former South Vietnam citizens fleeing the Vietcong) as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Refugee\">refugees<\/a> or were expelled across the land border with China.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-163\">[162]<\/a><\/sup> These mass emigrations and deportations only stopped in 1989 following the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%90%E1%BB%95i_m%E1%BB%9Bi\">\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi<\/a> reforms in Vietnam.<sup>[<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\">citation needed<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup> The two countries&#8217; shared history includes territorial disputes, with conflict over the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paracel_Islands\">Paracel<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spratly_Islands\">Spratly Islands<\/a> reaching a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sino-Vietnamese_conflicts_(1979%E2%80%931991)\">peak between 1979 and 1991<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-164\">[163]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-afp-165\">[164]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-166\">[165]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8d8a\u5357\u6c11\u4f17\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e00\u5343\u5e74\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u8d8a\u5357\u5317\u90e8\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u4e2d\u8d8a\u4e24\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u6218\u706b\u4e0d\u65ad\u3002\u867d\u7136\u76ee\u524d\u4e24\u56fd\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5e73\uff0c\u4f46\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e24\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7206\u53d1\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u4ece\u9ece\u671d\u521d\u671f\uff0810 \u4e16\u7eaa\uff09[161] \u5230 1979 \u5e74\u81f3 1989 \u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u8d8a\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u8fd9\u573a\u51b2\u7a81\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u5bf9\u8d8a\u5357\u534e\u88d4\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u4ece 1978 \u5e74\u5230 1979 \u5e74\uff0c\u7ea6\u6709 45 \u4e07\u534e\u88d4\u4e58\u8239\u79bb\u5f00\u8d8a\u5357\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u9003\u79bb\u8d8a\u5171\u7684\u524d\u5357\u8d8a\u516c\u6c11\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u96be\u6c11\uff0c\u6216\u88ab\u9a71\u9010\u8d8a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u9646\u5730\u8fb9\u754c\u3002[162]\u76f4\u5230 1989 \u5e74\u8d8a\u5357\u63a8\u884c\u9769\u65b0\u653f\u7b56\u540e\uff0c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u5883\u73b0\u8c61\u624d\u505c\u6b62\u3002[\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u6587] \u4e24\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u66fe\u6709\u8fc7\u9886\u571f\u4e89\u7aef\uff0c\u897f\u6c99\u7fa4\u5c9b\u548c\u5357\u6c99\u7fa4\u5c9b\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u5728 1979 \u5e74\u81f3 1991 \u5e74\u95f4\u8fbe\u5230\u9876\u5cf0\u3002[163][164][165]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E8%A7%A3%E4%BD%93\">\u82cf\u8054\u89e3\u4f53<\/a>\u540e\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BF%84%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB\">\u4e2d\u4fc4\u5173\u7cfb<\/a>\u6062\u590d\u6b63\u5e38\u5e76\u65e5\u8d8b\u7d27\u5bc6\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u653f\u5e9c\u653e\u5f03\u504f\u8892\u8d8a\u5357\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u5357\u6d77\u95ee\u9898\u56fd\u9645\u5316\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u57df\u5916\u56fd\u5bb6\u5168\u90e8\u64a4\u79bb\u5357\u6d77\u4e89\u8bae\u6d77\u57df\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5e72\u6d89\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u533a\u57df\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u79f0\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3a\u4e9a\u592a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u201c\u7a33\u5b9a\u5668\u201d\uff0c\u4ee4\u8d8a\u5357\u53cd\u534e\u6d3e\u4e0d\u5feb\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8d8a\u5357<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%A6%AA%E8%8F%AF%E6%B4%BE\">\u4eb2\u534e\u6d3e<\/a>\u4e5f\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u91cd\u65b0\u638c\u63e1\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u515a\u653f\u519b\u6700\u9ad8\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u6b65\u6062\u590d\u80e1\u5fd7\u660e\u65f6\u4ee3\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7d27\u5bc6\u800c\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6b64\u540e\u8d8a\u5357\u56fd\u5185\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u53cd\u534e\u884c\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u6253\u538b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u8d8a\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B2%99%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B\">\u897f\u6c99\u7fa4\u5c9b<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8D%97%E6%B2%99%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B\">\u5357\u6c99\u7fa4\u5c9b<\/a>\u6709\u9886\u571f\u4e89\u7aef\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d8a\u5357\u4eba\u6709\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u53cd\u4e2d\u60c5\u7eea\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-72\">[72]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-afp-73\">[73]<\/a><\/sup>\u867d\u7136\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u8d8a\u5357\u653f\u5e9c\u5df2\u6062\u590d\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u53cb\u597d\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u653f\u6743\u4ece\u897f\u5c71\uff0818\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-74\">[74]<\/a><\/sup>\u5230\u8d8a\u5357\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff0820\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09\u90fd\u6709\u66fe\u9488\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u60e9\u7f5a\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8303\u56f4\u5305\u62ec\u76f4\u63a5\u5c60\u6740<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-75\">[75]<\/a><\/sup>\u3001\u9650\u5236\u6027\u6392\u9664\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u5f3a\u8feb\u540c\u5316\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-76\">[76]<\/a><\/sup>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u91cd\u65b0\u8f6c\u5411\u4eb2\u534e\u7684\u8d8a\u5357\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e00\u5f8b\u4e25\u5389\u6253\u51fb\u9488\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u53cd\u4e2d\u793a\u5a01\u548c\u6279\u8bc4\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u8a00\u8bba\u3002\u8fd9\u5374\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d8a\u5357\u53cd\u4e2d\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u98d9\u5347, 2007\u5e74\u540e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u52a0\u5f3a\u4ecb\u5165<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8D%97%E6%B5%B7\">\u5357\u6d77<\/a>\u3001\u52a0\u5f3a\u5bf9\u4e89\u8bae\u5c9b\u5c7f\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-afp-73\">[73]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anti-Chinese sentiments had spiked in 2007 after China formed <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paracels,_Spratlys,_and_Zhongsha_Islands_Authority\">an administration<\/a> in the disputed islands,<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-afp-165\">[164]<\/a><\/sup> in 2009 when the Vietnamese government allowed the Chinese aluminium manufacturer <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aluminum_Corporation_of_China_Limited\">Chinalco<\/a> the rights to mine for <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bauxite\">bauxite<\/a> in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/T%C3%A2y_Nguy%C3%AAn\">Central Highlands<\/a>,<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-167\">[166]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-168\">[167]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-169\">[168]<\/a><\/sup> and when Vietnamese fishermen were detained by Chinese security forces while seeking refuge in the disputed territories.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-170\">[169]<\/a><\/sup> In 2011, following a spat in which a Chinese Marine Surveillance ship damaged a Vietnamese geologic survey ship off the coast of Vietnam, some Vietnamese travel agencies boycotted Chinese destinations or refused to serve customers with Chinese citizenship.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-171\">[170]<\/a><\/sup> Hundreds of people protested in front of the Chinese embassy in Hanoi and the Chinese consulate in Ho Chi Minh City against Chinese naval operations in the South China Sea before being dispersed by the police.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-172\">[171]<\/a><\/sup> In May 2014, mass <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2014_Vietnam_anti-China_protests\">anti-Chinese protests<\/a> against <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haiyang_Shiyou_981_standoff\">China moving an oil platform into disputed waters<\/a> escalated into riots in which many Chinese factories and workers were targeted. In 2018, thousands of people nationwide protested against a proposed law regarding Special Economic Zones that would give foreign investors 99-year leases on Vietnamese land, fearing that it would be dominated by Chinese investors.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-173\">[172]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112007 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u4e89\u8bae\u5c9b\u5c7f\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u653f\u5e9c[164]\uff1b2009 \u5e74\uff0c\u8d8a\u5357\u653f\u5e9c\u6388\u4e88\u4e2d\u56fd\u94dd\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u4e2d\u94dd\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u897f\u539f\u5f00\u91c7\u94dd\u571f\u77ff\u7684\u6743\u5229[166][167][168]\uff1b\u8d8a\u5357\u6e14\u6c11\u5728\u4e89\u8bae\u9886\u571f\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e87\u62a4\u65f6\u88ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b89\u5168\u90e8\u961f\u62d8\u7559[169]\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u9ad8\u6da8\u30022011 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u8258\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u76d1\u8239\u5728\u8d8a\u5357\u6cbf\u6d77\u649e\u574f\u4e86\u4e00\u8258\u8d8a\u5357\u5730\u8d28\u8c03\u67e5\u8239\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d8a\u5357\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u62b5\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\uff0c\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u3002[170] \u6570\u767e\u4eba\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cb3\u5185\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u80e1\u5fd7\u660e\u5e02\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u524d\u6297\u8bae\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u5728\u5357\u6d77\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u88ab\u8b66\u65b9\u9a71\u6563\u3002[171] 2014 \u5e74 5 \u6708\uff0c\u8d8a\u5357\u7206\u53d1\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u53cd\u534e\u6297\u8bae\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u6297\u8bae\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c06\u77f3\u6cb9\u5e73\u53f0\u79fb\u81f3\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u6c34\u57df\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u9a9a\u4e71\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u5382\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u653b\u51fb\u76ee\u6807\u30022018 \u5e74\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u6570\u5343\u4eba\u6297\u8bae\u4e00\u9879\u5173\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7279\u533a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u63d0\u6848\uff0c\u8be5\u63d0\u6848\u5c06\u7ed9\u4e88\u5916\u56fd\u6295\u8d44\u8005 99 \u5e74\u7684\u8d8a\u5357\u571f\u5730\u79df\u8d41\u6743\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u62c5\u5fc3\u4e2d\u56fd\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u8fd9\u4e9b\u571f\u5730\u3002[172]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2011\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u76d1\u8239\u548c\u8d8a\u5357\u5730\u8d28\u8c03\u67e5\u8239\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d8a\u5357\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u62b5\u5236\u524d\u5f80\u4e2d\u56fd\u65c5\u6e38\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u5ba2\u6237\u670d\u52a1\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-81\">[81]<\/a><\/sup>\u6570\u767e\u4eba\u5728\u6cb3\u5185\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u6297\u8bae\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-82\">[82]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2014\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u5357\u6d77\uff08\u8d8a\u5357\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u4e1c\u6d77\uff09\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u201c\u6d77\u6d0b\u77f3\u6cb9981\u201d\u6df1\u6c34\u6cb9\u6c14\u7530\u94bb\u4e95\u5e73\u53f0\u4ee5\u63a2\u52d8\u77f3\u6cb9\uff0c\u8d8a\u5357\u519b\u65b9\u6d3e\u51fa\u519b\u8230\u963b\u6b62\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e24\u56fd\u8239\u53ea\u5728\u6d77\u4e0a\u7684\u5bf9\u5cd9\u3002\u8d8a\u5357\u6c11\u4f17\u53d1\u52a8\u4e86\u8fde\u4e32\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u793a\u5a01\u4e0e\u6297\u8bae\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u5931\u63a7\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5305\u542b\u65e5\u97e9\u53f0\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5916\u8d44\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6253\u3001\u7838\u3001\u62a2\u3001\u70e7\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u5382\u5546\u9996\u5f53\u5176\u51b2\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u6392\u534e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u533a\u662f\u8d8a\u5357\u5357\u65b9\u7684\u5e73\u9633\u7701\u3002\u636e\u8bb0\u8005\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u8c37\u9c81\u65af\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u8d8a\u5357\u7684\u6050\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u662f\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u201c\u4ece\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5f88\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u3002\u201d\u8c37\u9c81\u65af\u8bf4: \u5927\u591a\u6570\u8d8a\u5357\u4eba\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u54c1\u8d28\u4f4e\u52a3\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-83\">[83]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to journalist <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daniel_Gross_(journalist)\">Daniel Gross<\/a>, anti-Chinese sentiment is omnipresent in modern Vietnam, where &#8220;from school kids to government officials, China-bashing is very much in vogue.&#8221; He reports that a majority of Vietnamese resent the import and usage of Chinese products, considering them of distinctly low status.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-174\">[173]<\/a><\/sup> A 2013 book on varying host perceptions in global tourism has also referenced negativity from Vietnamese hosts towards Chinese tourists, where the latter were seen as &#8220;making a lot more requests, complaints and troubles than other tourists&#8221;; the views differed from the much more positive perceptions of young Tibetan hosts at <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lhasa\">Lhasa<\/a> towards mainland Chinese visitors in 2011.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-175\">[174]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u636e\u8bb0\u8005\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7\u683c\u7f57\u65af (Daniel Gross) \u79f0\uff0c\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u8d8a\u5357\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u201c\u4ece\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u62a8\u51fb\u4e2d\u56fd\u98ce\u5934\u6b63\u76db\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u62a5\u9053\u8bf4\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8d8a\u5357\u4eba\u5bf9\u8fdb\u53e3\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ea7\u54c1\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u660e\u663e\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002[173] 2013 \u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u5173\u4e8e\u5168\u7403\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u4e0d\u540c\u4e1c\u9053\u4e3b\u770b\u6cd5\u7684\u4e66\u4e5f\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u8d8a\u5357\u4e1c\u9053\u4e3b\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6e38\u5ba2\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u6e38\u5ba2\u63d0\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u62b1\u6028\u548c\u9ebb\u70e6\u201d\uff1b\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e 2011 \u5e74\u62c9\u8428\u5e74\u8f7b\u85cf\u65cf\u4e1c\u9053\u4e3b\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u6e38\u5ba2\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u770b\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\u3002[174]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2018\u5e74\uff0c\u8d8a\u5357\u56fd\u4f1a\u62df\u5ba1\u8bae\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u300a\u4e91\u5c6f\u3001\u5317\u4e91\u5cf0\u548c\u5bcc\u56fd\u7279\u522b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u884c\u653f\u5355\u4f4d\u6cd5\u8349\u6848\u300b\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u62ab\u9732\uff0c\u8be5\u8349\u6848\u8ba1\u5212\u5728\u8d8a\u5357\u5317\u90e8\u3001\u4e2d\u90e8\u548c\u5357\u90e8\u5212\u8bbe\u4e91\u5c6f\u3001\u5317\u4e91\u98ce\u548c\u5bcc\u56fd\u4e09\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u533a\uff0c\u4ee5\u5438\u5f15\u5916\u8d44\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u5141\u8bb8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7279\u533a\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u7ecf\u8425\u7528\u5730\u7684\u79df\u5730\u671f\u9650\u957f\u8fbe99\u5e74\u201d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8be5\u8349\u6848\u5e76\u672a\u63d0\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u91cf\u8d8a\u5357\u6c11\u4f17\u901a\u8fc7\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u53d1\u52a8\u6e38\u884c\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u8d8a\u5357\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u571f\u5730\u201c\u79df\u501f\u7ed9\u4e2d\u56fd\u201d\u3002\u540c\u5e746\u670810\u65e5\u81f311\u65e5\uff0c\u8d8a\u5357\u80e1\u5fd7\u660e\u5e02\u3001\u82bd\u5e84\u3001\u6cb3\u5185\u3001\u5c98\u6e2f\u7b49\u591a\u5730\u7206\u53d1\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u53cd\u534e\u793a\u5a01\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u53d1\u9a9a\u4e71\u3002\u8d8a\u5357\u56fd\u4f1a6\u670811\u65e5\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u7ecf\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u53d6\u6d88\u8349\u6848\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u79df\u7528\u571f\u5730\u201c\u7279\u522b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u80fd\u4f7f\u752899\u5e74\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2019, Chinese media was accused by the local press of appropriating or claiming <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%81o_d%C3%A0i\">\u00c1o D\u00e0i<\/a>, which angered many Vietnamese.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-176\">[175]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-177\">[176]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112019 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5a92\u4f53\u88ab\u8d8a\u5357\u5f53\u5730\u5a92\u4f53\u6307\u8d23\u4fb5\u5360\u6216\u5ba3\u79f0\u62e5\u6709\u5965\u9edb\uff0c\u8fd9\u6fc0\u6012\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u8d8a\u5357\u4eba\u3002[175][176]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.4 \u5357\u4e9a | South Asia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.4.1 \u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14 | Nepal<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sino-Nepalese_War\">Sino-Nepalese War<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sino-Nepalese_relations\">Sino-Nepalese relations<\/a>\u3010\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u4e2d\u5c3c\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u4e2d\u5c3c\u5173\u7cfb\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u5a92\u4f53<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CGTN\">CGTN<\/a>\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u6709\u5173<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%8F%A0%E7%A9%86%E6%9C%97%E7%8E%9B%E5%B3%B0\">\u73e0\u7a46\u6717\u739b\u5cf0<\/a>\u7684\u63a8\u6587\uff0c\u7528\u85cf\u8bed\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u73e0\u7a46\u6717\u739b\u5cf0\uff0c\u5e76\u79f0\u5b83\u4f4d\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u897f\u85cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a<\/a>\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94\">\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6\">\u5370\u5ea6<\/a>\u63a8\u7279\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%8E%A8%E7%89%B9\">\u63a8\u7279<\/a>\u4e0a\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u624b\u4e2d\u593a\u53d6\u8fd9\u5ea7\u73e0\u7a46\u6717\u739b\u5cf0\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-115\">[115]<\/a><\/sup>CGTN\u968f\u540e\u66f4\u6b63\u4e86\u8be5\u63a8\u6587\uff0c\u79f0\u5176\u4f4d\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD-%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%B9%E5%A2%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u4e2d\u5c3c\u8fb9\u5883<\/a>\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-116\">[116]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.4.2 \u4e0d\u4e39 | Bhutan<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%B9\">\u4e0d\u4e39<\/a>\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5386\u6765\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u8be5\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u30021959\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6467\u6bc1\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u8be5\u56fd\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-117\">[117]<\/a><\/sup>1960\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%AE%80%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b80\u53f2\u300b<\/a>\u4e2d\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u5f20\u5730\u56fe\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u4e39\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e3a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u53f2\u524d\u738b\u56fd\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u8868\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u58f0\u79f0\u4e0d\u4e39\u4eba\u201c\u5728\u897f\u85cf\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u518d\u6b21\u56e2\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\u5e76\u6559\u5bfc<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89\">\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u5b66\u8bf4\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u4e39\u5219\u662f\u5173\u95ed\u4e86\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8fb9\u5883\u3001\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u6240\u6709\u5916\u4ea4\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u4e0d\u4e39\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c1a\u672a\u5efa\u7acb\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-118\">[118]<\/a><\/sup>\u5370\u5ea6\u5bf9\u4e0d\u4e39\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u4e24\u56fd\u6539\u5584\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-119\">[119]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-120\">[120]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.4.3 \u65af\u91cc\u5170\u5361 | Sri Lanka<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Main article: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China%E2%80%93Sri_Lanka_relations\">China\u2013Sri Lanka relations<\/a>\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd-\u65af\u91cc\u5170\u5361\u5173\u7cfb\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u4eba\u6297\u8bae<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%8D%A1\">\u65af\u91cc\u5170\u5361<\/a>\u5141\u8bb8\u4e2d\u56fd\u5efa\u8bbe\u6e2f\u53e3\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u533a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u9700\u8981\u9a71\u9010<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B1%89%E7%8F%AD%E6%89%98%E5%A1%94\">\u6c49\u73ed\u6258\u5854<\/a>\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u6570\u5343\u540d\u6751\u6c11\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-121\">[121]<\/a><\/sup>\u6c49\u73ed\u6258\u5854\u6e2f\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f53\u5730\u6297\u8bae\u8005\u62c5\u5fc3\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u201d\u3002\u652f\u6301\u8005\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u50e7\u4fa3\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u6297\u8bae\u8005\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-122\">[122]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.4.4 \u5370\u5ea6 | India<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China%E2%80%93India_relations\">China\u2013India relations<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Persecution_of_Chinese_Indians\">Persecution of Chinese Indians<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sino-Indian_border_dispute\">Sino-Indian border dispute<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1987_Sino-Indian_skirmish\">1987 Sino-Indian skirmish<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sino-Indian_War\">Sino-Indian War<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nathu_La_and_Cho_La_clashes\">Nathu La and Cho La clashes<\/a><br>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u4e2d\u5370\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u5bf9\u534e\u88d4\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u3001\u4e2d\u5370\u8fb9\u754c\u4e89\u7aef\u30011987 \u5e74\u4e2d\u5370\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u4e2d\u5370\u6218\u4e89\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e43\u5806\u62c9\u6cb3\u4e0e\u4e54\u62c9\u6cb3\u51b2\u7a81\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%B0%E9%82%8A%E7%95%8C%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C\">\u4e2d\u5370\u8fb9\u754c\u95ee\u9898<\/a>\u53ca<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C\">\u897f\u85cf\u95ee\u9898<\/a>\u4e00\u76f4\u5f71\u54cd\u4e2d\u5370\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u81ea<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B\">\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>\u53ca<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B\">\u5370\u5ea6\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>\u5206\u522b\u6210\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u5370\u8fb9\u754c\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u76f4\u672a\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1962\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%B0%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD\">\u4e2d\u5370\u6218\u4e89<\/a>\u540e\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4fa8\u6c11\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u548c\u5177\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u8840\u7edf\u7684\u4eba\u88ab\u7f81\u62bc\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u5317\u90e8\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-Telegraph-67\">[67]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u57281962\u5e7412\u6708\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u4ee4\u89c4\u5b9a\u5141\u8bb8\u201c\u902e\u6355\u548c\u62d8\u7559\u6709\u654c\u5bf9\u503e\u5411\u7684\u5f02\u89c1\u4eba\u58eb\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6cd5\u4ee4\u76f4\u63a5\u5a01\u80c1\u5230\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5c45\u7559\u4e8e\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u548c\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4fa8\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8d22\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u5728\u5fb7\u5965\u5229\u3001\u62c9\u8d3e\u65af\u5766\u90a6\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u5728\u672a\u7ecf\u5ba1\u5224\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c31\u88ab\u7f81\u62bc\u81f3\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u5185\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u5e76\u672a\u516c\u5e03\u7f81\u62bc\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u5185\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u76f4\u52301967\u5e74\u3002\u5927\u91cf\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u548c\u534e\u4fa8\u5728\u88ab\u975e\u6cd5\u7f81\u62bc\u540e\u5373\u88ab\u5370\u5ea6\u5f53\u5c40\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u5883\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u88ab\u975e\u6cd5\u5265\u593a\u548c\u5f3a\u5360\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u548c\u534e\u4fa8\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u81ea\u7531\u4e00\u76f4\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u8fc1\u5f99\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u76f4\u52301990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u624d\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-atlantic-68\">[68]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-open-69\">[69]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u5370\u5ea6\u4e5f\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%9E%E6%8A%95%E8%A1%8C\">\u4e9a\u6295\u884c<\/a>\u7b49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4f46\u81ea\u8fb9\u754c\u51b2\u7a81\u518d\u6b21\u7206\u53d1\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u60c5\u7eea\u6025\u5267\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u538b\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u5c01\u7981\u4e86\u5305\u62ec\u6296\u97f3\u56fd\u9645\u7248\uff08Tik Tok\uff09\u7b49\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-70\">[70]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On 2014, India in conjunction with the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Tibetan_Administration\">Tibetan government-in-exile<\/a> have called for a campaign to <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boycotts_of_Chinese_products\">boycott Chinese goods<\/a> due in part to the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sino-Indian_border_dispute\">contested border disputes<\/a> India has with China.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-192\">[191]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-193\">[192]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112014 \u5e74\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u4e0e\u897f\u85cf\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c\u8054\u5408\u53d1\u8d77\u62b5\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b58\u5728\u8fb9\u754c\u4e89\u7aef\u3002[191][192]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_China%E2%80%93India_skirmishes\">2020 China\u2013India skirmishes<\/a> resulted in the deaths 20 Indian soldiers and an undisclosed number of Chinese soldiers, in hand-to-hand combat using improvised weapons.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-194\">[193]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112020 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u5370\u4e4b\u95f4\u7206\u53d1\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u6613\u6b66\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8089\u640f\u6218\u4e2d\uff0c20 \u540d\u5370\u5ea6\u58eb\u5175\u548c\u4eba\u6570\u4e0d\u8be6\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u58eb\u5175\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002[193]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Following the skirmishes, a company from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jaipur\">Jaipur<\/a>, India developed an app named &#8220;Remove China Apps&#8221; and released it on the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Google_Play_Store\">Google Play Store<\/a>, gaining 5 million downloads in less than two weeks. It discouraged software dependence on China and promoted apps developed in India. Afterwards, people began uninstalling Chinese apps like <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SHAREit\">SHAREit<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CamScanner\">CamScanner<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-195\">[194]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u51b2\u7a81\u53d1\u751f\u540e\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u658b\u6d66\u5c14\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u6b3e\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5378\u8f7d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e94\u7528\u201d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u5728 Google Play \u5546\u5e97\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u4e0d\u5230\u4e24\u5468\u5c31\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86 500 \u4e07\u6b21\u4e0b\u8f7d\u3002\u5b83\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u5e7f\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5378\u8f7d SHAREit \u548c CamScanner \u7b49\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e94\u7528\u3002[194]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.5 \u897f\u4e9a | Western Asia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.5.1 \u4ee5\u8272\u5217 | Israel<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kaifeng_Jews\">Kaifeng Jews<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China-Israel_relations\">China-Israel relations<\/a>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u5f00\u5c01\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e2d\u4ee5\u5173\u7cfb\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97\">\u4ee5\u8272\u5217<\/a>\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u7740\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c2018\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u6301\u79ef\u6781\u770b\u6cd5\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-128\">[128]<\/a><\/sup>\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u66fe\u5bf9\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u9003\u79bb\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u96be\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fc7\u652f\u6301\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-129\">[129]<\/a><\/sup>\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u56e0\u5176\u6210\u529f\u7684\u878d\u5165\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u8d5e\u8a89\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u72b9\u592a\u96be\u6c11\u4e3a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C\">\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c<\/a>\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u9886\u5bfc\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u536b\u751f\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-130\">[130]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-131\">[131]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3\">\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73<\/a>\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e0e\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u963b\u788d\u3002\u81ea2016\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u53d7\u5230\u76d1\u63a7\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5a92\u4f53\u5e7f\u6cdb\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ec7\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u9274\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e13\u5236\u72ec\u88c1\u653f\u6743\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-132\">[132]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.5.2 \u571f\u8033\u5176 | Turkey<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>2015\u5e747\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u7ea62000\u540d\u4e0e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u571f\u8033\u5176\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u515a<\/a>\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%81%B0%E7%8B%BC\">\u7070\u72fc\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/a>\u7684\u571f\u8033\u5176\u6781\u7aef\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6297\u8bae\u4e2d\u56fd\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u65b0\u7586\u7981\u98df\uff08\u658b\u6212\uff09\u7981\u4ee4\uff0c\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94\">\u4f0a\u65af\u5766\u5e03\u5c14<\/a>\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u88ad\u51fb\u4e86\u97e9\u56fd\u6e38\u5ba2\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2d\u56fd\u5411\u524d\u5f80\u571f\u8033\u5176\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u53d1\u51fa\u65c5\u884c\u8b66\u544a\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-133\">[133]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-134\">[134]<\/a><\/sup>\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5fb7\u592b\u83b1\u7279\u00b7\u5df4\u5207\u5229\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u571f\u8033\u5176\u9752\u5e74\u5bf9\u97e9\u56fd\u6e38\u5ba2\u7684\u88ad\u51fb\u662f\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u571f\u8033\u5176\u62a5\u7eb8\u300aHurriyet\u300b\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u97e9\u56fd\u4eba\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u533a\u5206\uff1f\u201d\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-135\">[135]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-136\">[136]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2015\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u5bb6\u4e2d\u9910\u9986\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u7ef4\u543e\u5c14\u65cf\u5458\u5de5\u906d\u5230\u4e0e\u571f\u8033\u5176\u7070\u72fc\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u8005\u88ad\u51fb\u3002\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u4e5f\u906d\u5230\u8fc7\u88ad\u51fb\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-137\">[137]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-138\">[138]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6839\u636e2018\u5e7411\u6708\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u5362\u6bd4\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c46% \u7684\u571f\u8033\u5176\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6301\u79ef\u6781\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c2015\u5e74\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5230 20%\u3002\u53e6\u670962%\u7684\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5efa\u7acb\u7262\u56fa\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u5173\u7cfb\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-139\">[139]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.5.3 \u53d9\u5229\u4e9a | Syria<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u5728\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u5e76\u4e0d\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u4f46\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u6307\u8d23\u4e2d\u56fd\u652f\u6301<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%B7%B4%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%90%A8%E5%BE%B7\">\u5df4\u6c99\u5c14\u00b7\u963f\u8428\u5fb7<\/a>\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5426\u51b3\u4e86\u8c34\u8d23\u963f\u8428\u5fb7\u6d89\u5acc\u6218\u4e89\u7f6a\u7684\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u51b3\u8bae\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8F%8D%E5%AF%B9%E6%B4%BE\">\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9\">\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9<\/a>\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u711a\u70e7\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u65d7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56de\u5e94\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-140\">[140]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.5.4 \u963f\u5bcc\u6c57 | Afghanistan<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3cb9f6637f159dbf62a410d89e1c877e\">\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u4e2d\u672c\u90e8\u5206\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u201c\u5357\u4e9a\u201d\u6807\u9898\u4e0b\u3002\u6b64\u5904\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u201c\u897f\u4e9a\u201d\u6807\u9898\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Diplomat\">The Diplomat<\/a><\/em> in 2014, the Xinjiang conflict had increased anti-China sentiment in Afghanistan.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-178\">[177]<\/a><\/sup> A 2020 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gallup_International_Association\">Gallup International<\/a> poll of 44 countries found that 46% of Afghans viewed China&#8217;s foreign policy as destabilizing to the world, compared to 48% who viewed it as stabilizing.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-179\">[178]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-180\">[179]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u636e\u300a\u5916\u4ea4\u5bb6\u300b\u6742\u5fd7 2014 \u5e74\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u65b0\u7586\u51b2\u7a81\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u3002[177] 2020 \u5e74\u76d6\u6d1b\u666e\u56fd\u9645\u5bf9 44 \u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c46% \u7684\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c 48% \u7684\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e16\u754c\u3002[178][179]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.6 \u5927\u6d0b\u6d32 | Oceania<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.6.1 \u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a | Australia<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Chinese_Australians\">History of Chinese Australians<\/a>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u534e\u4eba\u5386\u53f2\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Melbourne-Punch-federation-Victoria-pest-Australian-Chinese-May-1888.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"892\" height=\"631\" src=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Melbourne-Punch-federation-Victoria-pest-Australian-Chinese-May-1888.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3379\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Melbourne-Punch-federation-Victoria-pest-Australian-Chinese-May-1888.jpg 892w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Melbourne-Punch-federation-Victoria-pest-Australian-Chinese-May-1888-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Melbourne-Punch-federation-Victoria-pest-Australian-Chinese-May-1888-768x543.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Melbourne-Punch-federation-Victoria-pest-Australian-Chinese-May-1888-230x163.jpg 230w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Melbourne-Punch-federation-Victoria-pest-Australian-Chinese-May-1888-350x248.jpg 350w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Melbourne-Punch-federation-Victoria-pest-Australian-Chinese-May-1888-480x340.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 892px) 100vw, 892px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df<br>\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aThe <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_Australia_policy\">White Australia policy<\/a> arose from the growth of anti-Chinese sentiments that peaked in the late 19th and early 20th century. Pictured: The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Melbourne_Punch\">Melbourne Punch<\/a> (c. May 1888)<br>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u767d\u6fb3\u653f\u7b56\u6e90\u4e8e 19 \u4e16\u7eaa\u672b 20 \u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u3002\u56fe\u4e3a\uff1a\u300a\u58a8\u5c14\u672c\u731b\u51fb\u62a5\u300b\uff08\u7ea6 1888 \u5e74 5 \u6708\uff09<br>\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aMelbourne Punch<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u534e\u4eba\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A\">\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a<\/a>\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u9886\u8896\u6297\u8bae\u6b67\u89c6\u6027\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u548c\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba11901\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a\u79fb\u6c11\u9650\u5236\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5404\u5730\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u4ecd\u7136\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u8054\u90a6\u7684\u6e38\u884c\u793a\u5a01\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u662f\u548c\u5e73\u3001\u52e4\u52b3\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u6587\u5316\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u6028\u6068\u60c5\u7eea\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u7206\u53d1\u3002\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B0\">\u65b0\u897f\u5170<\/a>\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u80ae\u810f\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u7f20\u8eab\u3001\u6606\u866b\u822c\u201d\u7b49\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-142\">[142]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1855\u5e74\uff0c\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u5dde\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4eba\u5934\u7a0e\uff0c\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u534e\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%97%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E5%A3%AB%E5%B7%9E\">\u65b0\u5357\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u5dde<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%98%86%E5%A3%AB%E5%85%B0%E5%B7%9E\">\u6606\u58eb\u5170\u5dde<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%A5%BF%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E\">\u897f\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5dde<\/a>\u4e5f\u7d27\u968f\u5176\u540e\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u7acb\u6cd5\u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u5206\u5165\u7c4d\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E\">\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u5dde<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%97%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E5%A3%AB%E5%B7%9E\">\u65b0\u5357\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u5dde<\/a>\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\u4e8e1860\u5e74\u4ee3\u88ab\u5e9f\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1870\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c1880\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u65e5\u76ca\u58ee\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9488\u5bf9\u5916\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e9a\u6d32\u4eba\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u593a\u8d70\u4e86\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6807\u51c6\u201d\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u5de5\u4f5c\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u62d2\u7edd\u52a0\u5165\u5de5\u4f1a\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bba\u70b9\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e9a\u6d32\u4eba\u5728\u5317\u9886\u5730\u548c\u6606\u58eb\u5170\u5dde\u7684\u70ed\u5e26\u5730\u533a\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u5c06\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u53d1\u5c55\u30021875\u5e74\u81f31888\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u90fd\u9881\u5e03\u4e86\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-143\">[143]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1888\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u6297\u8bae\u548c\u7f62\u5de5\u884c\u52a8\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u95f4\u4f1a\u8bae\u540c\u610f\u6062\u590d\u5e76\u52a0\u5f3a\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3a 1901\u5e74\u79fb\u6c11\u9650\u5236\u6cd5\u6848\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u767d\u6fb3\u653f\u7b56\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u767d\u6fb3\u653f\u7b56\u867d\u7136\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u6709\u6240\u653e\u677e\uff0c\u4f46\u76f4\u52301970\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u624d\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u653e\u5f03\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5947\u592b\u5229\u653f\u5e9c\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=1945%E5%B9%B4%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%81%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u300a1945\u5e74\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u571f\u5730\u5f81\u7528\u6cd5\u6848\u300b<\/a>\u5f3a\u5236\u5f81\u7528\u4e86\u5317\u9886\u5730\u9996\u5e9c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5e02\u534e\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u768453\u82f1\u4ea9\uff0821\u516c\u9877\uff09\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f53\u5730\u5510\u4eba\u8857\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u3002\u4e24\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u8be5\u9886\u5730\u884c\u653f\u957f\u5b98\u5965\u5e03\u91cc\u00b7\u963f\u535a\u7279\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u5185\u653f\u90e8\u90e8\u957f\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u5361\u7f57\u5fb7\u65af\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u91c7\u53d6\u5f3a\u5236\u5f81\u7528\u548c\u5c06\u571f\u5730\u8f6c\u4e3a\u79df\u8d41\u6743\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u6d88\u9664\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u6240\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u5f71\u54cd\u201d\u3002 \u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u592a\u591a\u4e86\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u9632\u6b62\u534e\u4eba\u533a\u518d\u6b21\u5f62\u6210\u201d\u3002 \u4ed6\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u524d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c45\u6c11\u624b\u4e2d\u6536\u8d2d\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u4ea7\u201d\u3002 \u8be5\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5e73\u6c11\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u758f\u6563\uff0c\u524d\u5510\u4eba\u8857\u5c45\u6c11\u8fd4\u56de\u540e\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5bb6\u56ed\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u5e9f\u589f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5df2\u7ecf\u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0e\u4ec7\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u30022013\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u4e00\u652f\u4e2d\u56fd\u8db3\u7403\u961f\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u56fd\u5e86\u65e5\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-144\">[144]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A2%A8%E5%B0%94%E6%9C%AC\">\u58a8\u5c14\u672c<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC\">\u6089\u5c3c<\/a>\u62db\u6536\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u91cc\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5927\u91cf<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89\">\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u53cd\u534e\u6d82\u9e26\u548c\u6d77\u62a5\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-145\">[145]<\/a><\/sup>2017\u5e747\u6708\u548c8\u6708\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%8E%AB%E7%BA%B3%E4%BB%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6\">\u83ab\u7eb3\u4ec0\u5927\u5b66<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A2%A8%E5%B0%94%E6%9C%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6\">\u58a8\u5c14\u672c\u5927\u5b66<\/a>\u5468\u56f4\u8d34\u6ee1\u4e86\u5145\u6ee1\u4ec7\u6068\u7684\u6d77\u62a5\uff0c\u7528\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u5199\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\u4e0d\u51c6\u8fdb\u5165\u6821\u56ed\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u9762\u4e34\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u5883\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u5199\u7740\u201c\u6740\u6b7b\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u6d82\u9e26\u3002\u6089\u5c3c\u5927\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u9970\u6709\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u5fbd\u3002\u4eb2\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%99%BD%E4%BA%BA%E8%87%B3%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89\">\u767d\u4eba\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u7ec4\u7ec7AntipodeanFreedom\u58f0\u79f0\u5bf9\u63a8\u7279\u4e0a\u7684\u6d77\u62a5\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u5305\u542b\u53cd\u534e\u8bfd\u8c24\u548c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u56fe\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.6.2 \u65b0\u897f\u5170 | New Zealand<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>1800\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B0\">\u65b0\u897f\u5170<\/a>\u9f13\u52b1\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u767d\u4eba\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u77ed\u7f3a\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u4e8b\u519c\u4e1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5916\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u5230\u6765\u906d\u5230\u654c\u89c6\uff0c\u5e76\u5f62\u6210\u53cd\u534e\u79fb\u6c11\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u5982\u53cd\u534e\u8054\u76df\u3001\u53cd\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u8054\u76df\u3001\u53cd\u534e\u534f\u4f1a\u3001\u767d\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u8054\u76df\u7b49\u3002\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u59cb\u4e8e1881\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u534e\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u9650\u5236\u534e\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u65b0\u897f\u5170\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u6392\u9664\u5728\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c97\u4f4d\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\uff0c\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u6709\u6240\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u63a8\u9ad8\u4e86\u623f\u4ef7\uff0c\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5267\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u623f\u4ef7\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u3002\u6709\u62a5\u9053\u79f0\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e9a\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\u6b63\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u201d \u5728\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u591a\u7684\u4e9a\u6d32\u4eba\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u5185\u5728\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4ec7\u6068\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-173\">[173]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u76f8\u5f53\u6d88\u6781\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u534e\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u8be5\u56fd\u4e0d\u592a\u53d7\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-174\">[174]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.6.3 \u5df4\u5e03\u4e9a\u65b0\u51e0\u5185\u4e9a | Papua New Guinea<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>In May 2009, during the Papua New Guinea riots, Chinese-owned businesses were looted by gangs in the capital city <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Port_Moresby\">Port Moresby<\/a>, amid simmering anti-Chinese sentiment reported in the country.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-PNG_riots_hit_Chinese_businesses-206\">[205]<\/a><\/sup> There are fears that these riots will force many Chinese business owners and entrepreneurs to leave the South Pacific country, which would invariably lead to further damage on an impoverished economy that had a 80% unemployment rate.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-PNG_riots_hit_Chinese_businesses-206\">[205]<\/a><\/sup> Thousands of people were reportedly involved in the riots.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-207\">[206]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112009 \u5e74 5 \u6708\uff0c\u5df4\u5e03\u4e9a\u65b0\u51e0\u5185\u4e9a\u53d1\u751f\u9a9a\u4e71\uff0c\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u8be5\u56fd\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u9ad8\u6da8\uff0c\u9996\u90fd\u83ab\u5c14\u5179\u6bd4\u6e2f\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u4f01\u4e1a\u906d\u5230\u56e2\u4f19\u62a2\u52ab\u3002[205] \u4eba\u4eec\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9a9a\u4e71\u5c06\u8feb\u4f7f\u8bb8\u591a\u534e\u4eba\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e3b\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u79bb\u5f00\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5357\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u9ad8\u8fbe 80% \u7684\u8d2b\u56f0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9020\u6210\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u635f\u5bb3\u3002[205] \u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u6570\u5343\u4eba\u5377\u5165\u4e86\u9a9a\u4e71\u3002[206]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.6.4 \u6c64\u52a0 | Tonga<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2000, Tongan noble <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tu%27ivakano\">Tu&#8217;ivakano<\/a> of Nukunuku banned Chinese stores from his Nukunuku District in <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tonga\">Tonga<\/a>. This followed complaints from other shopkeepers regarding competition from local Chinese.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-208\">[207]<\/a><\/sup> In 2001, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_in_Tonga\">Tonga&#8217;s Chinese community<\/a> (a population of about three or four thousand people) was hit by a wave of racist assaults.<sup>[<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\">citation needed<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup> The Tongan government did not renew the work permits of more than 600 Chinese storekeepers, and has admitted the decision was in response to &#8220;widespread anger at the growing presence of the storekeepers&#8221;.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-209\">[208]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112000 \u5e74\uff0c\u6c64\u52a0\u8d35\u65cf\u56fe\u4f0a\u74e6\u5361\u8bfa (Tu&#8217;ivakano) \u7981\u6b62\u4e2d\u56fd\u5546\u5e97\u8fdb\u5165\u6c64\u52a0\u52aa\u5e93\u52aa\u5e93\u533a\u3002\u6b64\u524d\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5e97\u4e3b\u62b1\u6028\u5f53\u5730\u534e\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5546\u5e97\u7ade\u4e89\u3002[207] 2001 \u5e74\uff0c\u6c64\u52a0\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u533a\uff08\u4eba\u53e3\u7ea6\u4e09\u56db\u5343\u4eba\uff09\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u4e00\u6ce2\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u88ad\u51fb\u3002[\u5f15\u8bc1\u9700\u8981] \u6c64\u52a0\u653f\u5e9c\u6ca1\u6709\u7eed\u7b7e 600 \u591a\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e97\u4e3b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb8\u53ef\uff0c\u5e76\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e00\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u56de\u5e94\u201c\u5e97\u4e3b\u4eba\u6570\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6124\u6012\u201d\u3002[208]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2006, rioters damaged shops owned by Chinese-Tongans in <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuku%CA%BBalofa\">Nuku\u02bbalofa<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-radioaustralia.net.au-210\">[209]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-211\">[210]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112006 \u5e74\uff0c\u66b4\u5f92\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u52aa\u5e93\u963f\u6d1b\u6cd5\u534e\u88d4\u6c64\u52a0\u4eba\u5f00\u8bbe\u7684\u5546\u5e97\u3002[209][210]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.6.5 \u6240\u7f57\u95e8\u7fa4\u5c9b | Solomon Islands<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2006, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Honiara\">Honiara<\/a>&#8216;s Chinatown suffered damage when it was looted and burned by rioters following a contested election. Ethnic Chinese businessmen were falsely blamed for bribing members of the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solomon_Islands\">Solomon Islands<\/a>&#8216; Parliament. The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Government_of_the_Republic_of_China\">government of Taiwan<\/a> was the one that supported the then-current government of the Solomon Islands. The Chinese businessmen were mainly small traders from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mainland_China\">mainland China<\/a> and had no interest in local politics.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-radioaustralia.net.au-210\">[209]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112006 \u5e74\uff0c\u970d\u5c3c\u4e9a\u62c9\u5510\u4eba\u8857\u5728\u4e00\u573a\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u540e\u906d\u5230\u66b4\u5f92\u7684\u62a2\u52ab\u548c\u711a\u70e7\uff0c\u906d\u5230\u7834\u574f\u3002\u534e\u88d4\u5546\u4eba\u88ab\u8bec\u544a\u8d3f\u8d42\u6240\u7f57\u95e8\u7fa4\u5c9b\u8bae\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u652f\u6301\u6240\u7f57\u95e8\u7fa4\u5c9b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u662f\u53f0\u6e7e\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u534e\u88d4\u5546\u4eba\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7684\u5c0f\u5546\u8d29\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f53\u5730\u653f\u6cbb\u6beb\u65e0\u5174\u8da3\u3002[209]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.7 \u6b27\u6d32 | Europe<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellow_Peril\">Yellow Peril<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stereotypes_of_East_Asians_in_the_Western_world\">Stereotypes of East Asians in the Western world<\/a><br>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u9ec4\u7978\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u5bf9\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4eba\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C\">\u897f\u65b9\u4eba<\/a>\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee5\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u63cf\u7ed8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u6587\u660e\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u897f\u65b9\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E5%85%B1%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89\">\u53cd\u5171\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4ee5\u53ca<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u4fb5\u72af\u4eba\u6743<\/a>\u7684\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u5185\u6218\u540e\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u6781\u5927\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u76f8\u5bf9\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u8f6c\u4e3a\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-141\">[141]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anti-Chinese sentiment became more common as China was becoming a major source of immigrants for the west (including the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_West\">American West<\/a>).<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-kazin-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup> Numerous Chinese immigrants to North America were attracted by wages offered by large railway companies in the late 19th century as the companies built the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transcontinental_railroad\">transcontinental railroads<\/a>.<br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u968f\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u6210\u4e3a\u897f\u65b9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u56fd\u897f\u90e8\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u79fb\u6c11\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u4e5f\u6108\u53d1\u666e\u904d\u3002[7] 19 \u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u5927\u578b\u94c1\u8def\u516c\u53f8\u4fee\u5efa\u4e86\u6a2a\u8d2f\u5927\u9646\u7684\u94c1\u8def\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u88ab\u8fd9\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u9ad8\u85aa\u5438\u5f15\u5230\u5317\u7f8e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anti-Chinese policies persisted in the 20th century in the English-speaking world, including the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Exclusion_Act\">Chinese Exclusion Act<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Immigration_Act_of_1923\">Chinese Immigration Act of 1923<\/a>, anti-Chinese <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoning\">zoning<\/a> laws and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Restrictive_covenant\">restrictive covenants<\/a>, the policies of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Seddon\">Richard Seddon<\/a>, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_Australia_policy\">White Australia policy<\/a><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u301120 \u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u4e16\u754c\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u53cd\u534e\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u6392\u534e\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u30011923 \u5e74\u7684\u300a\u534e\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u3001\u53cd\u534e\u5206\u533a\u6cd5\u548c\u9650\u5236\u6027\u5951\u7ea6\u3001\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u585e\u767b\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4ee5\u53ca\u767d\u6fb3\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Yellow_peril_rupert.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"376\" height=\"562\" src=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Yellow_peril_rupert.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3380\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Yellow_peril_rupert.jpg 376w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Yellow_peril_rupert-201x300.jpg 201w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Yellow_peril_rupert-230x344.jpg 230w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Yellow_peril_rupert-350x523.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 376px) 100vw, 376px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df<br>\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aG.G.\u9c81\u73c0\u7279\u7684\u300a\u9ec4\u7978\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\u7684\u5c01\u9762\uff0c\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u5c71\u59c6\u5927\u53d4\u4e0e\u4e00\u4f4d\u5178\u578b\u7684\u8fab\u5b50\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b66\u58eb\u7684\u5251\u6218<br>\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aG. G. Rupert<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.7.1 \u6377\u514b | Czech Republic<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B\">\u6377\u514b<\/a>\u4e0e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE\">\u53f0\u6e7e<\/a>\u5173\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u51fa\u73b0\u65b0\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u6377\u514b\u4e0e\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6076\u5316\u3002\u6377\u514b\u653f\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u8981\u6c42\u4e2d\u56fd\u64a4\u6362\u9a7b\u6377\u514b\u5927\u4f7f\uff0c\u5e76\u6279\u8bc4\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u8c13\u5bf9\u6377\u514b\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A8%81%E8%83%81%E8%AE%BA\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u5a01\u80c1\u8bba<\/a>\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6076\u5316\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u6377\u514b\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-160\">[160]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-161\">[161]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-162\">[162]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.7.2 \u6cd5\u56fd | France<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China%E2%80%93France_relations\">China\u2013France relations<\/a>\u3010\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u4e2d\u6cd5\u5173\u7cfb\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD\">\u6cd5\u56fd<\/a>\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7531\u6765\u5df2\u4e45\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c6\u4e3a\u5bb9\u6613\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u534e\u88d4\u4eba\u53e3\u6210\u4e3a\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u7f6a\u72af\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u88ad\u51fb\u3001\u62a2\u52ab\u548c\u8c0b\u6740\uff1b\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u88ab\u62a2\u52ab\u548c\u7834\u574f\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u53cd\u534e\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u591a\uff1b\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5e0c\u671b\u5f97\u5230\u6cd5\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u652f\u6301\u30022016\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u81f3\u5c1115,000\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u5df4\u9ece\u7684\u53cd\u4e9a\u88d4\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6297\u8bae\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-\u672a\u547d\u540d_3-20240110220143-163\">[163][163]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6cd5\u56fd\u519c\u6c11\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u8d2d\u4e70\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u91cf\u4f18\u8d28\u519c\u4e1a\u7528\u5730\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E8%92%99%E7%94%B0%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u8499\u7530\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/a>2018\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u6bd4\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d74\u6cd5\u65c5\u6e38\u66f4\u8d1f\u9762\uff0c50%\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u5bf9\u524d\u8005\u6301\u8d1f\u9762\u770b\u6cd5\u300243%\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u89c6\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u5728\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u548c\u53f3\u7ffc\u4eba\u58eb\u4e2d\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c40%\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u89c6\u4e3a\u6280\u672f\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-164\">[164]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-165\">[165]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2017\u5e74\u6709\u62a5\u9053\u79f0\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E\">\u5df4\u9ece<\/a>\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6e38\u5ba2\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d1f\u9762\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u8c03\u67e5\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u7fa4\u4f53\u66f4\u7cdf\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-166\">[166]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.7.3 \u5fb7\u56fd | Germany<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Persecution_of_Chinese_people_in_Nazi_Germany\">Persecution of Chinese people in Nazi Germany<\/a>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2016\u5e74\uff0c\u524d\u6b27\u76df\u6570\u5b57\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u5188\u745f\u00b7\u5384\u5ef7\u683c\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B1%89%E5%A0%A1\">\u6c49\u5821<\/a>\u5411\u9ad8\u7ba1\u53d1\u8868\u8bb2\u8bdd\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u8d2c\u4e49\u8bcd\u79f0\u547c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u72e1\u733e\u7684\u72d7\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u8fde\u7eed\u591a\u65e5\u62d2\u7edd\u9053\u6b49\u3002\u4e24\u9879\u8c03\u67e5\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD\">\u5fb7\u56fd<\/a>\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6e38\u5ba2\u6301\u8d1f\u9762\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u50cf\u770b\u5f85\u5176\u4ed6\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u90a3\u4e48\u7cdf\u7cd5\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-167\">[167]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-168\">[168]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-169\">[169]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-170\">[170]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.7.4 \u610f\u5927\u5229 | Italy<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sino-Roman_relations\">Sino-Roman relations<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China-Italy_relations\">China-Italy relations<\/a>\u3010\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd-\u7f57\u9a6c\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd-\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5173\u7cfb\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e24\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5173\u7cfb\u53cb\u597d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%A9%AC%E5%8F%AF%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97\">\u9a6c\u53ef\u00b7\u6ce2\u7f57<\/a>\u4e5f\u66fe\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4f46<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B9%89%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%A2%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8\">\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8<\/a>\u671f\u95f4\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9\">\u610f\u5927\u5229<\/a>\u662f<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%85%AB%E5%9B%BD%E8%81%94%E5%86%9B\">\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b<\/a>\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u610f\u5927\u5229\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u610f\u5927\u5229\u519b\u961f\u62a2\u52ab\u3001\u711a\u70e7\u3001\u5077\u7a83\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u4e2d\u56fd\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u9648\u5217\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4e2d\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-171\">[171]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2010\u5e74\uff0c\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E6%89%98%E9%95%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u666e\u62c9\u6258\u9547<\/a>\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u8840\u6c57\u5de5\u5382\u822c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e0d\u7eb3\u7a0e\u3002\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u4e2d\u8d44\u4f01\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u7eba\u7ec7\u4ea7\u54c1\u88ab\u8d34\u4e0a\u201c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5236\u9020\u201d\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u964d\u672c\u589e\u4ea7\u505a\u6cd5\u8ba9\u5f53\u5730\u4f01\u4e1a\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4e4b\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c2009\u5e74\u7684\u5e02\u653f\u9009\u4e3e\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u6295\u7968\u652f\u6301\u5317\u65b9\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u53cd\u79fb\u6c11\u7acb\u573a\u95fb\u540d\u7684\u653f\u515a\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-172\">[172]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.7.5 \u8461\u8404\u7259 | Portugal<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China%E2%80%93Portugal_relations\">China\u2013Portugal relations<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malayan%E2%80%93Portuguese_War\">Malayan\u2013Portuguese War<\/a><br>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u4e2d\u8461\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u9a6c\u8461\uff08\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a-\u8461\u8404\u7259\uff09\u6218\u4e89\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>16\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u6d77\u4e0a\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u5bfc\u81f4\u8461\u8404\u7259\u5546\u4eba\u6765\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u7136\u800c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99\">\u8461\u8404\u7259<\/a>\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u91ce\u5fc3\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e72\u9884\u548c\u6b8b\u66b4\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u8461\u8404\u7259\u7684\u4ec7\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u589e\u957f\u3002\u88ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u5c40\u5173\u62bc\u7684\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%9B%B7%E6%8B%89&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u52a0\u5229\u5965\u7279\u00b7\u4f69\u96f7\u62c9<\/a>\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u68cd\u68d2\u201d\u53f8\u6cd5\u5f85\u9047\u60e8\u4e0d\u5fcd\u7779\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u4eba\u8089\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u8461\u8404\u7259\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff1b\u968f\u7740\u660e\u671d\u5f81\u670d<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2\">\u9a6c\u516d\u7532<\/a>\u540e\u5bf9\u8461\u8404\u7259\u5546\u4eba\u7684\u6b8b\u9177\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u4ec7\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u5728\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8513\u5ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u6e05\u671d\u88ab\u8feb\u5c06<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%BE%B3%E9%97%A8\">\u6fb3\u95e8<\/a>\u5272\u8ba9\u7ed9\u8461\u8404\u7259\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-175\">[175]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-176\">[176]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.7.6 \u4fc4\u7f57\u65af | Russia<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Sino-Russian_relations\">History of Sino-Russian relations<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sino-Soviet_relations\">Sino-Soviet relations<\/a>\u3010\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u4e2d\u4fc4\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2\u3001\u4e2d\u82cf\u5173\u7cfb\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Main article: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China%E2%80%93Russia_relations\">China\u2013Russia relations<\/a>\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd-\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5173\u7cfb\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1900_Amur_anti-Chinese_pogroms\">1900 Amur anti-Chinese pogroms<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_deportations_of_Chinese_people\">Soviet deportations of Chinese people<\/a><br>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a1900 \u5e74\u963f\u7a46\u5c14\u6cb3\u53cd\u534e\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u548c\u82cf\u8054\u9a71\u9010\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After the Sino-Soviet split the Soviet Union produced <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Propaganda_in_the_Soviet_Union\">propaganda<\/a> which depicted the PRC and the Chinese people as enemies. Soviet propaganda specifically framed the PRC as an enemy of Islam and all Turkic peoples. These phobias have been inherited by the post-Soviet states in Central Asia.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-249\">[247]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4e2d\u82cf\u5173\u7cfb\u7834\u88c2\u540e\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u5c06\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u63cf\u7ed8\u6210\u654c\u4eba\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u5ba3\u4f20\u660e\u786e\u5c06\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u63cf\u7ed8\u6210\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u548c\u6240\u6709\u7a81\u53a5\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6050\u60e7\u5fc3\u7406\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u540e\u82cf\u8054\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6240\u7ee7\u627f\u3002[247]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u968f\u7740<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E8%A7%A3%E4%BD%93\">\u82cf\u8054\u89e3\u4f53<\/a>\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF\">\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af<\/a>\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u82cf\u8054\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A\">\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%BF%9C%E4%B8%9C\">\u8fdc\u4e1c<\/a>\u5730\u533a\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u9886\u571f\u4e89\u7aef\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e89\u7aef\u4e8e2004\u5e74\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-148\">[148]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-149\">[149]<\/a><\/sup>\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u9886\u571f\u4e89\u7aef\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e5f\u62c5\u5fc3\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u4f1a\u5360\u9886\u4eba\u53e3\u7a00\u5c11\u7684\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4f46\u57281999\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%94%E5%85%AB%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u8f70\u70b8\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u88ab\u70b8\u5f39\u51fb\u4e2d\uff09<\/a>\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53cb\u597d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u9488\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u56e2\u7ed3\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-150\">[150]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-151\">[151]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2019\u5e74\u5bf9\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7f51\u6c11\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u65cf\u88d4\u7fa4\u4f53\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5728\u771f\u8bda\u3001\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u70ed\u60c5\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u7279\u522b\u8d1f\u9762\u6216\u6b63\u9762\u5730\u770b\u5f85\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-152\">[152]<\/a><\/sup>\u4e2d\u6b27\u4e9a\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u62402020\u5e7410\u6708\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-153\">[153]<\/a><\/sup>\u5c3d\u7ba159.5%\u7684\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6301\u79ef\u6781\u6001\u5ea6\uff08\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed611\u4e2a\u53d7\u8bbf\u5730\u533a\uff09\uff0c\u4f4657%\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8fdc\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u5bf9\u5f53\u5730\u73af\u5883\u6784\u6210\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.7.7 \u897f\u73ed\u7259 | Spain<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Spain first issued anti-Chinese legislation when <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Limahong\">Limahong<\/a>, a Chinese pirate, attacked Spanish settlements in the Philippines. One of his famous actions was a failed <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Manila_(1574)\">invasion of Manila<\/a> in 1574, which he launched with the support of Chinese and Moro pirates.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-258\">[256]<\/a><\/sup> The Spanish <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conquistador\">conquistadors<\/a> massacred the Chinese or expelled them from Manila several times, notably the autumn 1603 massacre of Chinese in Manila, and the reasons for this uprising remain unclear. Its motives range from the desire of the Chinese to dominate Manila, to their desire to abort the Spaniards&#8217; moves which seemed to lead to their elimination. The Spaniards quelled the rebellion and massacred around 20,000 Chinese. The Chinese responded by fleeing to the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sulu_Sultanate\">Sulu Sultanate<\/a> and supporting the Moro Muslims in their war against the Spanish. The Chinese supplied the Moros with weapons and joined them in directly fighting against the Spanish during the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish%E2%80%93Moro_conflict\">Spanish\u2013Moro conflict<\/a>. Spain also upheld a plan to conquer China, but it never materialized.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-259\">[257]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u9996\u6b21\u9881\u5e03\u53cd\u534e\u7acb\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u76d7\u5229\u9a6c\u6d2a\u88ad\u51fb\u4e86\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u7684\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5b9a\u5c45\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f 1574 \u5e74\u5165\u4fb5\u9a6c\u5c3c\u62c9\uff0c\u4f46\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u5165\u4fb5\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u6469\u6d1b\u6d77\u76d7\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u53d1\u52a8\u7684\u3002[256] \u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5f81\u670d\u8005\u591a\u6b21\u5c60\u6740\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6216\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u9a6c\u5c3c\u62c9\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f 1603 \u5e74\u79cb\u5929\u5728\u9a6c\u5c3c\u62c9\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u5c60\u6740\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u8d77\u4e49\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u5176\u52a8\u673a\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u60f3\u7edf\u6cbb\u9a6c\u5c3c\u62c9\uff0c\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u963b\u6b62\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8981\u6d88\u706d\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\u5e73\u606f\u4e86\u53db\u4e71\uff0c\u5c60\u6740\u4e86\u5927\u7ea6 20,000 \u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u662f\u9003\u5f80\u82cf\u7984\u82cf\u4e39\u56fd\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u6469\u6d1b\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4e0e\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\u4f5c\u6218\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5411\u6469\u6d1b\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u897f\u73ed\u7259-\u6469\u6d1b\u51b2\u7a81\u671f\u95f4\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u6297\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\u3002\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4e5f\u66fe\u4e3b\u5f20\u5f81\u670d\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u4ece\u672a\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002[257]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0_(%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99)\">\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7b2c\u4e94\u7535\u89c6\u53f0<\/a>\u66fe\u591a\u6b21\u64ad\u653e\u6709\u5173\u8fb1\u534e\u8282\u76ee\u30022013\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u8be5\u7535\u89c6\u53f0\u5973\u4e3b\u64ad<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E8%BE%BE%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%8E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u827e\u8fbe\u00b7\u5c3c\u624e<\/a>\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u8282\u76ee\u79f0\uff0c\u4e2d\u9910\u9986\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%92%95%E5%9A%95%E8%82%89\">\u5495\u54be\u8089<\/a>\u539f\u6599\u662f\u7528\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u5c38\u4f53\u8089\u5236\u6210\u3001\u4e2d\u9910\u9986\u6781\u5176\u4e0d\u536b\u751f\u3001\u53a8\u623f\u91cc\u8fde\u5783\u573e\u6876\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u7b49\u3002\u8be5\u8282\u76ee\u5f15\u53d1\u5728\u897f\u534e\u4eba\u6124\u6012\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u56e2\u4f53\u591a\u6b21\u4e0e\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7b2c\u4e94\u7535\u89c6\u53f0\u4ea4\u6d89\uff0c\u4fa8\u6c11\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d1\u8d77\u6297\u8bae\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u534e\u4eba\u5230\u201c\u7535\u89c6\u4e94\u53f0\u201d\u95e8\u524d\u9759\u5750\u793a\u5a01<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-guanchazhe-177\">[177]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2013\u5e7412\u670831\u65e5\u665a\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0_(%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99)\">\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7b2c\u4e94\u7535\u89c6\u53f0<\/a>\u5728\u4e00\u6863\u5c0f\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\u626e\u88c5\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u8dd1\u5802\u906d\u5230\u4e11\u5316\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u8dd1\u5802\u8868\u60c5\u53e4\u602a\u3001\u75f4\u50bb\u3001\u5938\u5f20\uff0c\u52a8\u4f5c\u5351\u8d31\u3001\u8f7b\u6d6e\u3001\u65e0\u5398\u5934\uff0c\u5982\u8038\u80a9\uff0c\u732b\u8170\u5730\u63a5\u5f85\u5ba2\u4eba\uff0c\u62cd\u6253\u5973\u987e\u5ba2\u7684\u5c41\u80a1\uff0c\u5728\u5ba2\u4eba\u9762\u524d\u7ad6\u7740\u5170\u82b1\u6307\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e32\u4e0b\u8df3\u822c\u8e66\u5230\u6905\u5b50\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b66\u9e2d\u5b50\u53eb\u548c\u5b66\u732b\u53eb\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u8868\u6f14\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u89d2\u8272\u4e24\u6b21\u516c\u5f00\u5bf9\u7740\u534e\u4eba\u8dd1\u5802\u53eb\u9a82\u201cEste Chino es Gilipolla\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u662f\u4e2a\u8822\u8d27\uff09\u201d<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-guanchazhe-177\">[177]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2014\u5e74\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u5728\u9a6c\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e94\u6708\u4e8c\u65e5\u5e7f\u573a\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u8857\u5934\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u5927\u91cf\u6709\u5173\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u6d82\u9e26\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u5934\u6234\u5c16\u9876\u6597\u7b20\uff0c\u5472\u7740\u4e24\u9897\u95e8\u7259\uff0c\u7ec6\u773c\u4e0a\u6311\u3002\u6d82\u9e26\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd8\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u53d1\u6587\u8bf4\u201c\u65c5\u897f\u534e\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8499\u6627\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u201d<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-178\">[178]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2014\u5e745\u6708\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0_(%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99)\">\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7b2c\u4e94\u7535\u89c6\u53f0<\/a>\u4e00\u6863\u8282\u76ee\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\u9152\u5427\u7981\u6b62\u534e\u4eba\u5165\u5185\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u8be5\u9152\u5427\u5728\u5e97\u5185\u6709\u5757\u724c\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u5199\u7740\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u548c\u72d7\u4e0d\u5f97\u5165\u5185\u201d<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-179\">[179]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2015\u5e74\u5e74\u5e95\u4e0a\u6620\u7684\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7535\u5f71\u300a\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u8328\u7684\u5c38\u4f53\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u540d\u6f14\u5458\u5bf9\u7740\u4e24\u540d\u534e\u4eba\u5973\u5b69\u8bf4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u582a\u5165\u76ee\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\uff0c\u5982\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u4eba\u662f\u5e73\u80f8\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u4eba\u957f\u5f97\u4e11\u7b49\u3002\u8be5\u955c\u5934\u5f15\u53d1\u4e89\u8bae<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-180\">[180]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-181\">[181]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e2d\u6b27\u4e9a\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u62402020\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\u5728COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4e0d\u65ad\u6076\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6e38\u5ba2\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u6301\u79ef\u6781\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-182\">[182]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.7.8 \u745e\u5178 | Sweden<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China%E2%80%93Sweden_relations\">China\u2013Sweden relations<\/a>\u3010\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd-\u745e\u5178\u5173\u7cfb\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2018\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u88ab\u4ece<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%91%A9\">\u65af\u5fb7\u54e5\u5c14\u6469<\/a>\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u65c5\u9986\u5e26\u8d70\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u745e\u5178\u745e\u5178\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u5916\u4ea4\u4e89\u7aef\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u6307\u8d23\u745e\u5178\u8b66\u65b9\u7684\u8650\u5f85\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u65af\u5fb7\u54e5\u5c14\u6469\u9996\u5e2d\u68c0\u5bdf\u5b98\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u8c03\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-183\">[183]<\/a><\/sup>\u540e\u6765<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u300a\u745e\u5178\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u300b<\/a>\u64ad\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u559c\u5267\u77ed\u5267\uff0c\u5632\u7b11\u4e2d\u56fd\u6e38\u5ba2\u5e76\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-184\">[184]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-185\">[185]<\/a><\/sup>\u5236\u7247\u4eba\u5c06\u8be5\u77ed\u5267\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230\u4f18\u9177\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0a\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6124\u6012\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89\">\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u6307\u63a7\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u745e\u5178\u88d4\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u7ed9\u300a\u65b0\u95fb\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u4fe1\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u53f7\u53ec\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u62b5\u5236\u745e\u5178\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u77ed\u5267\u7684\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u88ab\u745e\u5178\u62a5\u7eb8\u8bc4\u4e3a\u201c\u5e74\u5ea6\u65af\u582a\u5c3c\u4e9a\u201d\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-186\">[186]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-187\">[187]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-188\">[188]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-189\">[189]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-190\">[190]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u745e\u5178\u516c\u6c11\u3001\u4e66\u5546<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%A1%82%E6%B0%91%E6%B5%B7\">\u6842\u6c11\u6d77<\/a>\u88ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u5c40\u902e\u6355\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u745e\u5178\u4e09\u4e2a\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u547c\u5401\u9a71\u9010\u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u9a7b\u745e\u5178\u5927\u4f7f\u6842\u4ece\u53cb\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6076\u5316\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-191\">[191]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-192\">[192]<\/a><\/sup>\u7531\u4e8e\u5173\u7cfb\u6076\u5316\uff0c\u745e\u5178\u591a\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u4e8e2020\u5e742\u6708\u5207\u65ad\u4e86\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u30022020\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u745e\u5178\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884\u6559\u80b2\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e3a\u7531\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5173\u95ed\u8be5\u56fd\u6240\u6709<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%AD%94%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2\">\u5b54\u5b50\u5b66\u9662<\/a>\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-193\">[193]<\/a><\/sup>\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728\u745e\u5178\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u4e5f\u62a5\u544a\u79f0\uff0c\u5728COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u6c61\u540d\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u6709\u6240\u589e\u52a0\u30022021\u5e74\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/YouGov\">YouGov<\/a>\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c77% \u7684\u745e\u5178\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u8d1f\u9762\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u9664\u4e86<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97\">\u4f0a\u6717<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF\">\u6c99\u7279\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f<\/a>\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u745e\u5178\u6709\u66f4\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-194\">[194]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-195\">[195]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.7.9 \u4e4c\u514b\u5170 | Ukraine<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Main article: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations\">China\u2013Ukraine relations<\/a>\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd-\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u5173\u7cfb\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Translation_Movement\">Great Translation Movement<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War\">China during the Russo-Ukrainian War<\/a><br>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u5927\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0e\u4fc4\u4e4c\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0\">2022\u5e74\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5165\u4fb5\u4e4c\u514b\u5170<\/a>\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u6ce2\u9488\u5bf9\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u5973\u6027\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B2%99%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89\">\u6c99\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u8a00\u8bba\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u62b5\u5236\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-154\">[154]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-\u672a\u547d\u540d_2-20240110220143-155\">[155]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-156\">[156]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In response, the Embassy of China in Kyiv, which originally encouraged citizens to display Chinese flags on their cars for protection while leaving Ukraine, quickly urged them not to identify themselves or sport any signs of national identity.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-276\">[274]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-277\">[275]<\/a><\/sup> <br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u9a7b\u57fa\u8f85\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u6700\u521d\u9f13\u52b1\u516c\u6c11\u5728\u79bb\u5f00\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u65f6\u5728\u8f66\u8f86\u4e0a\u60ac\u6302\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u65d7\u4ee5\u793a\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5feb\u6566\u4fc3\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u8981\u8868\u660e\u8eab\u4efd\u6216\u5c55\u793a\u4efb\u4f55\u5e26\u6709\u6c11\u65cf\u8ba4\u540c\u611f\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002[274][275]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u6253\u538b\u3001\u7f51\u6c11\u7684\u6c99\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u4eb2\u4fc4\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5165\u4fb5\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u671f\u95f4\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5a92\u4f53\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4eb2\u4fc4\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u52a0\u5267\uff0c\u5728\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u9762\u4e34\u56f0\u5883\u3002 \u4f5c\u4e3a\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u9a7b\u57fa\u8f85\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u6700\u521d\u9f13\u52b1\u516c\u6c11\u5728\u79bb\u5f00\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u65f6\u5728\u6c7d\u8f66\u4e0a\u60ac\u6302\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u65d7\u4ee5\u6c42\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5feb\u6566\u4fc3\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u8981\u8868\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6216\u5c55\u793a\u4efb\u4f55\u6c11\u65cf\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u57282023\u5e74\u62c9\u7956\u59c6\u79d1\u592b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u4e2d\uff0c60%\u7684\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6301\u8d1f\u9762\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u9ad8\u4e8e2019\u5e74\u768414%\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-\u672a\u547d\u540d_2-20240110220143-155\">[155]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-157\">[157]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-158\">[158]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-159\">[159]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.7.10 \u82f1\u56fd | United Kingdom<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Chinese\">British Chinese<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations\">China\u2013United Kingdom relations<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Opium_Wars\">Opium Wars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2016\u5e74\uff0c\u670915%\u7684\u534e\u88d4\u62a5\u544a\u906d\u53d7\u79cd\u65cf\u9a9a\u6270\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD\">\u82f1\u56fd<\/a>\u6240\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4e2d\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u3002\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u88ad\u51fb\u548c\u8c0b\u6740\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u4e5f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6709\u5173\u53cd\u534e\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-196\">[196]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-197\">[197]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chink\">chink<\/a>&#8220;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u8bcd\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u9488\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u524d<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%85%9A\">\u82f1\u56fd\u72ec\u7acb\u515a<\/a>\u9886\u8896\u5948\u6770\u5c14\u00b7\u6cd5\u62c9\u5947\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u88ab\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\uff1b\u7ef4\u5188\u7ade\u6280\u961f\u524d\u8001\u677f\u6234\u592b\u00b7\u60e0\u5170\u56e0\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u672f\u8bed\u800c\u88ab\u82f1\u8db3\u603b\u7f5a\u6b3e5\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\u5e76\u7981\u8d5b\u516d\u5468\uff1b\u514b\u91cc\u00b7\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u5728\u88ab\u62a5\u9053\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8bed\u8a00\u540e\u8f9e\u53bb\u4e86\u9009\u4e3e\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u804c\u52a1\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-:0-198\">[198]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%9D%9C%E4%BC%A6%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6\">\u675c\u4f26\u5927\u5b66<\/a>\u7684\u52a0\u91cc\u00b7\u514b\u96f7\u683c\u6559\u6388\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u534e\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BB%87%E6%81%A8%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA\">\u4ec7\u6068\u72af\u7f6a<\/a>\u6b63\u5728\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u5e76\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u534e\u4eba\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u66b4\u529b\u6216\u9a9a\u6270\u201c\u6216\u8bb8\u6bd4\u82f1\u56fd\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u8fd8\u8981\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d7\u5bb3\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u4e3e\u62a5\u3002\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u5c06\u534e\u4eba\u5f52\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u56ca\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u5f97\u77e5\u9488\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-:0-198\">[198]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.8 \u7f8e\u6d32 | Americas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Chinese_in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean\">The Chinese in Latin America and the Caribbean<\/a>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u548c\u52a0\u52d2\u6bd4\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.8.1 \u963f\u6839\u5ef7 | Argentina<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Argentines\">Chinese Argentines<\/a>\u3010\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u534e\u88d4\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u4eba\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u81ea20\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7\">\u963f\u6839\u5ef7<\/a>\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5927\u6279\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6f6e\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E7%9C%81\">\u798f\u5efa\u7701<\/a>\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u4ece\u4e8b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4e1a\u52a1\u662f\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u66fe\u591a\u6b21\u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u5728\u591c\u95f4\u7ed9\u51b0\u7bb1\u91cc\u7684\u751f\u9c9c\u4ea7\u54c1\u65ad\u7535\u4ee5\u652f\u4ed8\u66f4\u4fbf\u5b9c\u7684\u7535\u8d39\u30022001\u5e74\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u9a9a\u4e71\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u591a\u5bb6\u534e\u4eba\u8d85\u5e02\u906d\u5230\u88ad\u51fb\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-217\">[217]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.8.2 \u5df4\u897f | Brazil<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Chinese investments in Brazil have been largely influenced by this<sup>[<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Please_clarify\">clarification needed<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup> negative impression.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-283\">[281]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u5df4\u897f\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd<sup>\u3010\u9700\u8981\u6f84\u6e05\u3011<\/sup>\u8d1f\u9762\u5370\u8c61\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002[281]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.8.3 \u52a0\u62ff\u5927 | Canada<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Chinese_immigration_to_Canada\">History of Chinese immigration to Canada<\/a>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u534e\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u53f2\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1850\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5927\u6279\u534e\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B7%98%E9%87%91%E7%83%AD\">\u6dd8\u91d1\u70ed<\/a>\u671f\u95f4\u6765\u5230<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A2%A0%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E7%9C%81\">\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7701<\/a>\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u79f0\u4e3a\u91d1\u5c71\u3002 \u4ece1858\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u201c\u82e6\u529b\u201d\u88ab\u5e26\u5230<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/a>\uff0c\u5728\u77ff\u5c71\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u94c1\u8def\u4e0a\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u6743\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6295\u7968\u6743\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u57281880\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u201c\u4eba\u5934\u7a0e\u201d\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u30021907\u5e74\uff0c\u6e29\u54e5\u534e\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u9488\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u9a9a\u4e71\u30021923\u5e74\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a\u534e\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u4fd7\u79f0\u300a\u6392\u534e\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff0c\u9664\u201c\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u201d\u5916\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u30021947\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u6392\u534e\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u88ab\u5e9f\u9664\uff0c\u540c\u5e74\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u534e\u4eba\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6295\u7968\u6743\u3002\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6765\u81ea\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u9650\u5236\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u76f4\u52301967\u5e74\u5e9f\u9664\u5bf9\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6240\u6709\u79cd\u65cf\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u73b0\u884c\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u79ef\u5206\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u5236\u5ea6\u30022006\u5e746\u670822\u65e5\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E8%8A%AC%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E7%8F%80\">\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u54c8\u73c0<\/a>\u603b\u7406\u5c31\u534e\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u66fe\u7ecf\u7f34\u7eb3\u7684\u4eba\u5934\u7a0e\u63d0\u51fa\u9053\u6b49\u548c\u8d54\u507f\u3002\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u6216\u5176\u914d\u5076\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u7ea620,000\u52a0\u5143\u7684\u8d54\u507f\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-146\">[146]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e02\u573a\u9700\u6c42\u5bfc\u81f4<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%88%BF%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%A7\">\u623f\u5730\u4ea7<\/a>\u4ef7\u683c\u6781\u5ea6\u626d\u66f2\u7684\u6307\u63a7\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u636e\u79f0\u8feb\u4f7f\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u9000\u51fa\u5e02\u573a\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-147\">[147]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.8.4 \u58a8\u897f\u54e5 | Mexico<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_immigration_to_Mexico\">Chinese immigration to Mexico<\/a>\u3010\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5411\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5\">\u58a8\u897f\u54e5<\/a>\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u6700\u65e9\u51fa\u73b0\u57281880\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u5927\u591a\u6570\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u503e\u9500\u4ee4\u8bb8\u591a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u6050\u60e7\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u7d22\u8bfa\u62c9\u5dde\u3001\u4e0b\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u548c\u79d1\u963f\u97e6\u62c9\u5dde\uff0c\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u662f\u6258\u96f7\u7fc1\u5927\u5c60\u6740\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-219\">[219]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.8.5 \u79d8\u9c81 | Peru<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Peruvians\">Chinese Peruvians<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China%E2%80%93Peru_relations\">China\u2013Peru relations<\/a>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u79d8\u9c81\u534e\u4eba\u548c\u4e2d\u79d8\u5173\u7cfb\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%A7%98%E9%B2%81\">\u79d8\u9c81<\/a>\u9700\u8981\u519b\u961f\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u79d8\u9c81\u53c8\u662f19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u56fd\u5974\u96b6\u7684\u70ed\u95e8\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u534e\u5de5\u5728\u79d8\u9c81\u53d7\u5230\u8650\u5f85\u4ee5\u53ca\u53cd\u534e\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u534e\u5de5\u4e0e\u79d8\u9c81\u4e1a\u4e3b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e00\u76f4\u7d27\u5f20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%A1%9D%E7%9F%B3%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89\">\u785d\u77f3\u6218\u4e89<\/a>\u671f\u95f4\u652f\u6301<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9\">\u667a\u5229<\/a>\uff0c\u79d8\u9c81\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u6218\u540e\u53d8\u5f97\u65e5\u76ca\u7d27\u5f20\u3002\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u6b66\u88c5\u7684\u571f\u8457\u519c\u6c11\u6d17\u52ab\u5e76\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u4e2d\u90e8\u5c71\u8109\u7684\u514b\u91cc\u5965\u5c14\u571f\u5730\u7cbe\u82f1\u201c\u901a\u654c\u8005\u201d\u7684\u5e84\u56ed\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u534e\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u571f\u8457\u548c\u6df7\u8840\u79d8\u9c81\u4eba\u5219\u8c0b\u6740\u4e86\u5229\u9a6c\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u5e97\u4e3b\uff1b\u79d8\u9c81\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u82e6\u529b\u7684\u8d77\u4e49\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u667a\u5229\u519b\u961f\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-220\">[220]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-221\">[221]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u667a\u5229\u7684\u652f\u6301\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4ecd\u7136\u6df1\u523b\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u79d8\u9c81\u72ec\u88c1\u8005<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%9B%BC%E5%8A%AA%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A\">\u66fc\u52aa\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u5965\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a<\/a>\u9881\u5e03\u4e86\u7981\u6b62\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u7981\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u80cc\u53db\u7684\u60e9\u7f5a\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-222\">[222]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.8.6 \u7f8e\u56fd | United States<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment_in_the_United_States\">Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations\">China\u2013United States relations<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Chinese_Americans\">History of Chinese Americans<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fresh_off_the_boat\">Fresh off the boat<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Citizens_Against_Government_Waste#&quot;Chinese_Professor&quot;_ad\">Citizens Against Government Waste \u00a7&nbsp;&#8220;Chinese Professor&#8221; ad<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stereotypes_of_East_Asians_in_the_United_States\">Stereotypes of East Asians in the United States<\/a><br>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u3001\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u534e\u88d4\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u300a\u521d\u6765\u4e4d\u5230\u300b\u3001\u300a\u516c\u6c11\u53cd\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u6d6a\u8d39\u300b\u00a7\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u6388\u201d\u5e7f\u544a\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u4e1c\u4e9a\u88d4\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a><\/em>   <em>\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1871%E5%B9%B4%E6%B4%9B%E6%9D%89%E7%9F%B6%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80\">1871\u5e74\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u534e\u4eba\u5927\u5c60\u6740<\/a><\/em>   <em>\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%8E%92%E5%8D%8E%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u6392\u534e\u6cd5\u6848<\/a><\/em>   <em>\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%99%B3%E6%9E%9C%E4%BB%81\">\u9648\u679c\u4ec1<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Uncle_Sams_Farm_in_Danger_-_G._F._Keller_9_March_1878.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"710\" src=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Uncle_Sams_Farm_in_Danger_-_G._F._Keller_9_March_1878-1024x710.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3381\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Uncle_Sams_Farm_in_Danger_-_G._F._Keller_9_March_1878-1024x710.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Uncle_Sams_Farm_in_Danger_-_G._F._Keller_9_March_1878-300x208.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Uncle_Sams_Farm_in_Danger_-_G._F._Keller_9_March_1878-768x532.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Uncle_Sams_Farm_in_Danger_-_G._F._Keller_9_March_1878-1000x693.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Uncle_Sams_Farm_in_Danger_-_G._F._Keller_9_March_1878-230x159.jpg 230w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Uncle_Sams_Farm_in_Danger_-_G._F._Keller_9_March_1878-350x243.jpg 350w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Uncle_Sams_Farm_in_Danger_-_G._F._Keller_9_March_1878-480x333.jpg 480w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Uncle_Sams_Farm_in_Danger_-_G._F._Keller_9_March_1878.jpg 1177w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df<br>\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a1878\u5e74\u7684\u753b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u534e\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4fb5\u5165<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%B1%B1%E5%A7%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%8F%94\">\u5c71\u59c6\u5927\u53d4<\/a>\u519c\u7530\u8eb2\u907f<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%81%E6%88%8A%E5%A5%87%E8%8D%92\">\u4e01\u620a\u5947\u8352<\/a>\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%9D%97%E8%9F%B2%E8%AB%96\">\u8757\u866b<\/a><br>\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/en:George_Frederick_Keller\">George Frederick Keller<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ece19\u4e16\u7eaa<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E\">\u52a0\u5dde<\/a>\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B7%98%E9%87%91%E7%83%AD\">\u6dd8\u91d1\u70ed<\/a>\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u897f\u6d77\u5cb8\u5404\u5dde\u8f93\u5165\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-204\">[204]<\/a><\/sup>\u96c7\u4e3b\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u534e\u4eba\u662f\u201c\u53ef\u9760\u201d\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6beb\u65e0\u6028\u8a00\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u906d\u9047\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u767d\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u82e6\u529b\u201d\u88ab\u653f\u5ba2\u548c\u52b3\u5de5\u9886\u8896\u5f53\u4f5c\u5de5\u8d44\u5f85\u9047\u5dee\u7684\u66ff\u7f6a\u7f8a\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-205\">[205]<\/a><\/sup>\u9488\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u653b\u51fb\u6848\u4ef6\u5305\u62ec<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1871%E5%B9%B4%E6%B4%9B%E6%9D%89%E7%9F%B6%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80\">1871\u5e74\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u534e\u4eba\u5927\u5c60\u6740<\/a>\u30021909\u5e74\u7ebd\u7ea6\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u897f\u00b7\u897f\u683c\u5c14\u8c0b\u6740\u6848\u88ab\u6000\u7591\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u534e\u4eba\u51f6\u624b\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u88ab\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u5168\u4f53\u534e\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u201c\u57c3\u5c14\u897f\u00b7\u897f\u683c\u5c14\u7684\u8c0b\u6740\u6848\u7acb\u5373\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u62a5\u7eb8\u7684\u5934\u7248\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62a5\u7eb8\u5c06\u534e\u4eba\u7537\u6027\u63cf\u7ed8\u6210\u5bf9\u201c\u65e0\u8f9c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5584\u826f\u201d\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u767d\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u6784\u6210\u5371\u9669\u3002\u8fd9\u8d77\u8c0b\u6740\u6848\u5bfc\u81f4\u5168\u7f8e\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u9a9a\u6270\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6fc0\u589e\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-206\">[206]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14\u00b7\u5188\u73c0\u65af\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e5f\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u76f4\u8a00\u4e0d\u8bb3\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u5c06\u534e\u5de5\u89c6\u4e3a\u767d\u4eba\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u56fd\u9645\u5de5\u4f1a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IWW\">IWW<\/a>\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u53d7\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-207\">[207]<\/a><\/sup>\u57281870\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c1880\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6b67\u89c6\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f1882\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u6392\u534e\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u9650\u5236\u66f4\u591a\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u540e\u6765\u88ab1943\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u6392\u534e\u5e9f\u9664\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u5e9f\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ChineseExclusionSkeletonCartoon.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ChineseExclusionSkeletonCartoon-880x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3382\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ChineseExclusionSkeletonCartoon-880x1024.jpg 880w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ChineseExclusionSkeletonCartoon-258x300.jpg 258w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ChineseExclusionSkeletonCartoon-768x894.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ChineseExclusionSkeletonCartoon-230x268.jpg 230w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ChineseExclusionSkeletonCartoon-350x407.jpg 350w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ChineseExclusionSkeletonCartoon-480x559.jpg 480w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ChineseExclusionSkeletonCartoon.jpg 958w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df<br>\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u4e00\u5e45\u653f\u6cbb\u6f2b\u753b\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u987e\u6392\u534e\u6cd5\u6848\u800c\u6297\u8bae\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u592a\u5927\u5c60\u6740<br>\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aL.M. Glackens<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In the 1870s and 1880s, various legal discriminatory measures were taken against the Chinese. These laws, in particular, the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Exclusion_Act_(United_States)\">Chinese Exclusion Act<\/a> of 1882, were aimed at restricting further immigration from China.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-yeefow-22\">[21]<\/a><\/sup> although the laws were later repealed by the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Exclusion_Repeal_Act_of_1943\">Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act of 1943<\/a>. In particular, even in his lone dissent against <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plessy_v._Ferguson\">Plessy v. Ferguson<\/a><\/em> (1896), then-<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Supreme_Court\">Supreme Court<\/a> Justice <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Marshall_Harlan\">John Marshall Harlan<\/a> wrote of the Chinese as: &#8220;a race so different from our own that we do not permit those belonging to it to become citizens of the United States. Persons belonging to it are, with few exceptions, absolutely excluded from our country. I allude to the Chinese race.&#8221;<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-297\">[295]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u301119 \u4e16\u7eaa 70 \u81f3 80 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u51fa\u53f0\u4e86\u591a\u9879\u9488\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6b67\u89c6\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee5 1882 \u5e74\u7684\u300a\u6392\u534e\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u9650\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u79fb\u6c11\u3002[21]\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u540e\u6765\u88ab 1943 \u5e74\u7684\u300a\u6392\u534e\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u5e9f\u9664\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6cd5\u5b98\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u00b7\u54c8\u5170\u5728\u53cd\u5bf9\u666e\u83b1\u897f\u8bc9\u5f17\u683c\u68ee\u6848 (1896) \u7684\u552f\u4e00\u5f02\u8bae\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u66fe\u8fd9\u6837\u63cf\u8ff0\u534e\u4eba\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u4ed6\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5c11\u6570\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u6211\u6307\u7684\u662f\u534e\u4eba\u3002\u201d[295]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1982\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u7c4d\u534e\u4eba<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%99%B3%E6%9E%9C%E4%BB%81\">\u9648\u679c\u4ec1<\/a>\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff1aVincent Jen Chin\uff09\u906d<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%8B%92%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98\">\u514b\u83b1\u65af\u52d2<\/a>\u516c\u53f8\u8f66\u95f4\u4e3b\u7ba1\u7f57\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u827e\u73ed\u65af\u53ca\u5176\u7ee7\u5b50\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u5c3c\u5179\u7528\u68d2\u7403\u68cd\u6253\u6b7b\uff0c\u4e24\u540d\u884c\u51f6\u8005\u5728\u5ead\u4e0a\u8ba4\u7f6a\uff0c\u5374\u88ab\u6cd5\u5b98\u8f7b\u5224\u3002\u8fd9\u8d77\u6848\u4ef6\u5f15\u8d77\u5168\u7f8e\u534e\u88d4\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u548c\u6297\u8bae\uff0c\u6848\u4ef6\u7126\u70b9\u4ece\u4e00\u8d77\u8c0b\u6740\u6848\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u5bf9<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9\">\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229<\/a>\u7684\u4fb5\u72af\uff0c\u5728\u534e\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4e89\u53d6\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u516c\u6b63\u5f85\u9047\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-203\">[203]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2008\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CNN\">\u6709\u7ebf\u7535\u89c6\u65b0\u95fb\u7f51<\/a>(CNN) \u7684\u6770\u514b\u00b7\u5361\u5f17\u8482\u8bc4\u8bba\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u53e3\u5e26\u6709\u542b\u94c5\u6cb9\u6f06\u7684\u5783\u573e\u548c\u6709\u6bd2\u7684\u5ba0\u7269\u98df\u54c1\u2026\u2026\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u80af\u5b9a\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fc7\u53bb50\u5e74\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u66b4\u5f92\u3002\u201d \u81f3\u5c111,500\u540d\u534e\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5728CNN<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%BD%E8%8E%B1%E5%9D%9E\">\u597d\u83b1\u575e<\/a>\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\u5916\u6297\u8bae\uff0c\u800c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%9A%E7%89%B9%E5%85%B0%E5%A4%A7\">\u4e9a\u7279\u5170\u5927<\/a>\u7684CNN\u603b\u90e8\u4e5f\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-208\">[208]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-209\">[209]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1880_Anti-Chinese_Riot_in_Denver_anagoria-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"823\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1880_Anti-Chinese_Riot_in_Denver_anagoria-823x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3383\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1880_Anti-Chinese_Riot_in_Denver_anagoria-823x1024.jpg 823w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1880_Anti-Chinese_Riot_in_Denver_anagoria-241x300.jpg 241w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1880_Anti-Chinese_Riot_in_Denver_anagoria-768x956.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1880_Anti-Chinese_Riot_in_Denver_anagoria-1234x1536.jpg 1234w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1880_Anti-Chinese_Riot_in_Denver_anagoria-1645x2048.jpg 1645w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1880_Anti-Chinese_Riot_in_Denver_anagoria-1000x1245.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1880_Anti-Chinese_Riot_in_Denver_anagoria-230x286.jpg 230w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1880_Anti-Chinese_Riot_in_Denver_anagoria-350x436.jpg 350w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1880_Anti-Chinese_Riot_in_Denver_anagoria-480x598.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 823px) 100vw, 823px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df<br>\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aDenver&#8217;s anti-Chinese riot in 1880\u30101880 \u5e74\u4e39\u4f5b\u53cd\u534e\u66b4\u4e71\u3011<br>\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0d\u660e<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2010%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89\">2010\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u9009<\/a>\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u5927\u653f\u515a\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5e7f\u544a\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u6240\u8c13\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5bf9\u534e\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u4e0a\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E6%9D%A8%E6%9D%B0%E5%A4%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u6768\u6770\u592b<\/a>\u6279\u8bc4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5ba3\u626c\u53cd\u534e\u4ec7\u5916\u5fc3\u7406\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u5173\u53cd\u534e\u7684\u5e93\u5b58\u56fe\u50cf\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%97%A7%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1\">\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71<\/a>\u5510\u4eba\u8857\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e7f\u544a\u5305\u62ec\u53cd\u653f\u5e9c\u6d6a\u8d39\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u5219\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u6388\u201d\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\uff0c\u8be5\u5e7f\u544a\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u57282030\u5e74\u5f81\u670d\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u60c5\u666f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u624e\u514b\u00b7\u65af\u6d3e\u65af\u653b\u51fb\u5176\u5bf9\u624b\u652f\u6301<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A\">\u5317\u7f8e\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u534f\u5b9a<\/a>(NAFTA)\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\uff0c\u8be5\u5e7f\u544a\u58f0\u79f0\u8fd9\u662f\u9020\u6210\u8fd9\u4e9b\u534f\u5b9a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5c06\u5de5\u4f5c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A4%96%E5%8C%85\">\u5916\u5305<\/a>\u7ed9\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In October 2013, a child actor on <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jimmy_Kimmel_Live!\">Jimmy Kimmel Live!<\/a><\/em> jokingly suggested in a skit that the U.S. could solve its debt problems by &#8220;kill[ing] everyone in China.&#8221;<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-303\">[301]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-304\">[302]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112013 \u5e74 10 \u6708\uff0c\u300a\u5409\u7c73\u00b7\u574e\u6469\u5c14\u79c0\u300b (Jimmy Kimmel Live!) \u7684\u4e00\u540d\u513f\u7ae5\u6f14\u5458\u5728\u4e00\u5219\u77ed\u5267\u4e2d\u5f00\u73a9\u7b11\u5730\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u6740\u6b7b\u4e2d\u56fd\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u201d\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u5176\u503a\u52a1\u95ee\u9898\u3002[301][302]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c45\u4efb\u603b\u7edf<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%94%90%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E6%99%AE\">\u5510\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u7279\u6717\u666e<\/a>\u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2016%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89\">2016\u5e74\u603b\u7edf\u7ade\u9009<\/a>\u671f\u95f4\u5ba3\u626c\u4ec7\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u968f\u540e\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5546\u54c1\u5f81\u6536\u8d38\u6613\u5173\u7a0e\uff0c\u8fd9\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E6%88%98\">\u8d38\u6613\u6218<\/a>\u548c\u53cd\u534e\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB\">\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb<\/a>\u6076\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f8e\u56fd\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u9ad8\u6da8\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-212\">[212]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-213\">[213]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%9A%AE%E5%B0%A4%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83\">\u76ae\u5c24\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/a>2022\u5e744\u6708\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c82%\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6301\u8d1f\u9762\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d40%\u7684\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6301\u975e\u5e38\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u89c6\u4e3a\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u654c\u4eba\u300262%\u7684\u4eba\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u89c6\u4e3a\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c25%\u7684\u4eba\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u89c6\u4e3a\u654c\u4eba\uff0c10%\u7684\u4eba\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u89c6\u4e3a\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u3002\u57282022\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u53ea\u670954%\u7684\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c35%\u7684\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u654c\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0e\u53bb\u5e74\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u6bd4\u4f8b\u51e0\u4e4e\u76f8\u540c\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-214\">[214]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It has been noted that there is a negative bias in American reporting on China.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-311\">[309]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-:2-299\">[297]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-312\">[310]<\/a><\/sup> Many Americans, including <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American-born_Chinese\">American-born Chinese<\/a>, have continuously held prejudices toward mainland Chinese people<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-313\">[311]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-314\">[312]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-315\">[313]<\/a><\/sup> which include perceived rudeness and unwillingness to stand in line,<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-316\">[314]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-317\">[315]<\/a><\/sup> even though there are sources that have reported contrary to those stereotypes.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-318\">[316]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-319\">[317]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-320\">[318]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-321\">[319]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-322\">[320]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-323\">[321]<\/a><\/sup> However, the results of a survey which was conducted in 2019 have revealed that some Americans still hold positive views of Chinese visitors to the US.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-324\">[322]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6709\u4eba\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u5b58\u5728\u8d1f\u9762\u504f\u89c1\u3002[309][297][310] \u8bb8\u591a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u534e\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u4eba\u62b1\u6709\u504f\u89c1[311][312][313]\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u4eba\u7c97\u9c81\u65e0\u793c\u3001\u4e0d\u613f\u6392\u961f[314][315]\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u4e9b\u6d88\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u76f8\u53cd\u3002[316][317][318][319][320][321] \u7136\u800c\uff0c2019 \u5e74\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8c03\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6e38\u5ba2\u6301\u79ef\u6781\u770b\u6cd5\u3002[322]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A Pew Research poll which was conducted in the US in March 2021 revealed that 55% of respondents supported the imposition of limits on the number of Chinese students who are allowed to study in the country.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-325\">[323]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u76ae\u5c24\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3 2021 \u5e74 3 \u6708\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c55% \u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u652f\u6301\u5bf9\u6765\u7f8e\u7559\u5b66\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\u4eba\u6570\u5b9e\u65bd\u9650\u5236\u3002[323]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of laws which explicitly discriminate against Chinese people in the United States. For example, in 2023, Florida introduced a law which bans Chinese nationals from owning property in the state, a law that has been compared to the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Exclusion_Act\">Chinese Exclusion Act<\/a> of 1882.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-326\">[324]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u660e\u786e\u6b67\u89c6\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6570\u91cf\u6709\u6240\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c2023 \u5e74\uff0c\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u5dde\u51fa\u53f0\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u534e\u4eba\u5728\u8be5\u5dde\u62e5\u6709\u623f\u4ea7\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u88ab\u62ff\u6765\u4e0e 1882 \u5e74\u7684\u300a\u6392\u534e\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u76f8\u63d0\u5e76\u8bba\u3002[324]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.9 \u975e\u6d32 | Africa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Anti-Chinese populism has been an emerging presence in some African countries.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-327\">[325]<\/a><\/sup> There have been reported incidents of Chinese workers and business-owners being attacked by locals in some parts of the continent.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-:4-328\">[326]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-329\">[327]<\/a><\/sup> Following reports of evictions, discrimination and other mistreatment of Africans in Guangzhou during the COVID-19 pandemic,<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-330\">[328]<\/a><\/sup> a group of diplomats from different African countries wrote a letter to express their displeasure over the treatment of their citizens.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-331\">[329]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u53cd\u534e\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u9010\u6e10\u5174\u8d77\u3002[325]\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e3b\u906d\u5230\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u88ad\u51fb\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002[326][327]\u5728\u6709\u62a5\u9053\u79f0\u5e7f\u5dde\u5728\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u75ab\u60c5\u671f\u95f4\u5bf9\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9a71\u9010\u3001\u6b67\u89c6\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8650\u5f85\u540e[328]\uff0c\u4e00\u7fa4\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u5199\u4fe1\u8868\u8fbe\u5bf9\u5176\u516c\u6c11\u6240\u53d7\u5f85\u9047\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002[329]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.9.1 \u80af\u5c3c\u4e9a | Kenya<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u627f\u5305\u5546\u5efa\u8bbe\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A\">\u80af\u5c3c\u4e9a<\/a>\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u6709\u6240\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u653b\u51fb\u4e2d\u56fd\u5408\u540c\u5de5\uff0c\u6307\u8d23\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5265\u593a\u5f53\u5730\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-227\">[227]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, researchers from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hong_Kong_University_of_Science_%26_Technology\">Hong Kong University of Science &amp; Technology<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hong_Kong_Polytechnic_University\">Hong Kong Polytechnic University<\/a> found that across 400 Chinese enterprises and projects in 40-plus African countries, more than 4 out of 5 employees were locals.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-:4-328\">[326]<\/a><\/sup><br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u9999\u6e2f\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u572840\u591a\u4e2a\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684400\u5bb6\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u56db\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u662f\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u3002[326]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.9.2 \u52a0\u7eb3 | Ghana<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>2012\u5e74\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8A%A0%E7%BA%B3\">\u52a0\u7eb3<\/a>\u4e00\u540d16\u5c81\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u975e\u6cd5\u77ff\u5de5\u5728\u8bd5\u56fe\u9003\u8131\u902e\u6355\u65f6\u88ab\u67aa\u6740\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2d\u56fd\u77ff\u5de5\u968f\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u6b66\u88c5\u81ea\u5df1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.9.3 \u8d5e\u6bd4\u4e9a | Zambia<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>2006\u5e74\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%B5%9E%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A\">\u8d5e\u6bd4\u4e9a<\/a>\u53cd\u534e\u7231\u56fd\u9635\u7ebf\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u5931\u8d25\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u6210\u4e3a\u6124\u6012\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u9a9a\u4e71\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5fb7\u91cc\u5b89\u8d1d\u5fb7\u5361\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7f57\u5e0c\u7279\u00b7\u5185\u5409\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u201c\u8d5e\u6bd4\u4e9a\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9ad8\u6da8\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6b63\u7edf\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u65b0\u6311\u6218\u6709\u5173\u3002\u201d\u8d5e\u6bd4\u4e9a\u6267\u653f\u653f\u5e9c\u6307\u8d23\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u52a9\u957f\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u4ec7\u5916\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u9999\u6e2f\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b662016\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5fae\u5999\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e0d\u5982\u767d\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6bd4\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9\u4eba\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8981\u4f4e\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-228\">[228]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-229\">[229]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.9.4 \u5357\u975e | South Africa<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>2016\u5e74\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E\">\u5357\u975e<\/a>\u8ba1\u5212\u5c06\u6c49\u8bed\u4e0e\u5fb7\u8bed\u3001\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u8bed\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u3001\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u3001\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8bed\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u3001\u6cf0\u7c73\u5c14\u8bed\u3001\u6cf0\u5362\u56fa\u8bed\u548c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4e00\u8d77\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e3a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u6559\u5e08\u5de5\u4f1a\u6307\u8d23\u653f\u5e9c\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6295\u964d\u3002\u622a\u81f32017\u5e74\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u5168\u56fd\u5171\u670953\u6240\u5b66\u6821\u53ef\u9009\u6c49\u8bed\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-230\">[230]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-231\">[231]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u62a2\u52ab\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5357\u975e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6076\u5316\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u654c\u610f\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u589e\u52a0\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-232\">[232]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u5a92\u4f53\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0 | Depiction of China and Chinese in media<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u897f\u65b9\u5a92\u4f53\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u8d1f\u9762\u62a5\u9053\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-256\">[256]<\/a><\/sup>2016\u5e74\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u8bb0\u8005<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E8%B0%A2%E5%8A%9B%E5%BC%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u8c22\u529b\u5f3a<\/a>\u5bf9<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%8E%E6%97%A9%E6%8A%A5\">\u300a\u5357\u534e\u65e9\u62a5\u300b<\/a>\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u8bb0\u8005\u4ee5\u6000\u7591\u548c\u6124\u4e16\u5ac9\u4fd7\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u770b\u5f85\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u504f\u89c1\u6311\u9009\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u65e0\u52a9\u4e8e\u6fc0\u8d77\u6c11\u6124\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-257\">[257]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u65e5\u62a5<\/a>\u300b\u7684\u62a5\u9053\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A5%BD%E8%8E%B1%E5%9D%9E\">\u597d\u83b1\u575e<\/a>\u88ab\u6307\u8d23\u5728\u7535\u5f71\u4e2d\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u8d1f\u9762\u63cf\u7ed8\uff0c\u5982\u571f\u532a\u3001\u66b4\u5f92\u3001\u7f6a\u72af\u3001\u6d41\u6c13\u3001\u5371\u9669\u3001\u51b7\u8840\u3001\u8f6f\u5f31\u548c\u6b8b\u5fcd\uff1b\u800c\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b27\u6d32\u6216\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u63cf\u7ed8\u6210\u6551\u4e16\u4e3b\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u7535\u5f71\u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u534e\u7c89\u9970\u4e5f\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\u3002\u51fa\u6f14<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E\">\u300a\u957f\u57ce\u300b<\/a>\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u6f14\u5458<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%A9%AC%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E8%92%99\">\u9a6c\u7279\u00b7\u8fbe\u8499<\/a>\u4e5f\u9762\u5bf9\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u79f0\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fd9\u90e8\u5386\u53f2\u53f2\u8bd7\u662f\u597d\u83b1\u575e\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5408\u62cd\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u201c\u6d17\u767d\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e88\u4ee5\u5426\u8ba4\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-258\">[258]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53cd\u534e\u653f\u6cbb\u8a00\u8bba\u901a\u5e38\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u3001\u4eba\u6743\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u3001\u5ba1\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u66b4\u529b\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u6269\u5f20\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5e72\u9884\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u5b83\u5e38\u5e38\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u4ee5\u53ca\u9999\u6e2f\u6fb3\u95e8\u7279\u522b\u884c\u653f\u533a\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u81ea\u5a92\u4f53\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u634d\u536b\u8fd9\u79cd\u8a00\u8bba\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6279\u8bc4\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4eba\u58eb\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u5a92\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u201c\u4e2d\u7acb\u201d\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5168\u4f53\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u4e0d\u5206\u9752\u7ea2\u7682\u767d\u7684\u6307\u63a7\uff0c\u5e76\u9488\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u62b9\u9ed1\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u4e2d\u7acb\u201d\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5145\u5206\u533a\u5206\u4e2d\u5171\u653f\u6743\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4e11\u5316\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-259\">[259]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-260\">[260]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-261\">[261]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-262\">[262]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-263\">[263]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-264\">[264]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \u5546\u4e1a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u5bf9<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%B6%E9%80%A0\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u5236\u9020\u4e1a<\/a>\u7684\u6210\u529f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a<\/a>\u6240\u8c13\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5df2\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\u7981\u6b62\u6216\u9650\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u5176\u5e02\u573a\u6295\u8d44\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8D%8E%E4%B8%BA\">\u534e\u4e3a<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B4\">\u4e2d\u5174<\/a>\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6d89\u5acc\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u5f00\u5c55\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-265\">[265]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-266\">[266]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-267\">[267]<\/a><\/sup>\u5370\u5ea6\u4e5f\u51fa\u4e8e\u7c7b\u4f3c\u539f\u56e0\u7981\u6b62\u6216\u9650\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u8be5\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u7684\u8fd0\u8425\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-268\">[268]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-269\">[269]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%B6%E6%8A%A5\">\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b<\/a>\u7684\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5fb7\u62c9\u00b7\u53f2\u8482\u6587\u68ee\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u6210\u4e3a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%A8%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6\">\u7535\u52a8\u6c7d\u8f66<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BA\">\u673a\u5668\u4eba<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%97%A0%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%BA\">\u65e0\u4eba\u673a<\/a>\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u9886\u5148\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u5c40\u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u9650\u5236\u5916\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u63a5\u89e6\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u3002\u201d<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-270\">[270]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. \u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4ec7\u534e\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a | Historical acts of Sinophobic violence<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>List of non-Chinese &#8220;sinophobia-led&#8221; acts of violence against ethnic Chinese:<br>\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u975e\u534e\u88d4\u201c\u6050\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\u5f15\u53d1\u201d\u7684\u9488\u5bf9\u534e\u88d4\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\u6e05\u5355\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.1 \u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a | Australia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lambing_Flat_riots\">Lambing Flat riots<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buckland_Riot\">Buckland Riot<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.2 \u52a0\u62ff\u5927 | Canada<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vancouver_anti-Chinese_riots,_1886\">Vancouver anti-Chinese riots, 1886<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.3 \u58a8\u897f\u54e5 | Mexico<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Torre%C3%B3n_massacre\">Torre\u00f3n massacre<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.4 \u8499\u53e4\u56fd\uff08\u5916\u8499\u53e4\uff09| Mongolia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mongol_conquest_of_China\">Mongol conquest of China<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Deportation_of_Chinese_people_to_China_in_the_1960%27s&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Deportation of Chinese people to China in the 1960&#8217;s<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Attacks against Chinese by the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tsagaan_Khas\">Tsagaan Khas<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.5 \u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a | Indonesia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1740_Batavia_massacre\">1740 Batavia massacre<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1918_Kudus_riot\">1918 Kudus riot<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mergosono_massacre\">Mergosono massacre<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesian_mass_killings_of_1965%E2%80%9366\">Indonesian mass killings of 1965\u201366<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=1967_Mangkuk_Merah_Tragedy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">1967 Mangkuk Merah Tragedy<\/a>&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peristiwa_Mangkuk_Merah_1967\">id<\/a>]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=1980_Jawa_Tengah_Racial_Riot&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">1980 Jawa Tengah Racial Riot<\/a>&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kerusuhan_rasial_Jawa_Tengah_1980\">id<\/a>]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Situbondo_Riot&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Situbondo Riot<\/a>&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kerusuhan_Situbondo\">id<\/a>]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Banjarmasin_riot_of_May_1997\">Banjarmasin riot of May 1997<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/May_1998_riots_of_Indonesia\">May 1998 riots of Indonesia<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/November_2016_Jakarta_protests\">November 2016 Jakarta protests<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.6 \u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a| Malaysia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/13_May_incident\">13 May incident<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.7 \u65e5\u672c | Japan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Photo_11_The__Shame__Album.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"784\" src=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Photo_11_The__Shame__Album.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Photo_11_The__Shame__Album.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Photo_11_The__Shame__Album-230x301.jpg 230w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Photo_11_The__Shame__Album-350x457.jpg 350w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Photo_11_The__Shame__Album-480x627.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df<br>\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_war_crimes\">Japanese war crimes<\/a> against Chinese POWs in <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nanjing\">Nanjing<\/a>, c. 1937<br>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u65e5\u519b\u5728\u5357\u4eac\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u72af\u4e0b\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u7f6a\u884c\uff0c\u7ea6 1937 \u5e74<br>\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u5f92\u5de5\u7f57\u8c28\u3001\u5434\u65cb\u5236\u4f5c\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u201c\u803b\u201d\u5b57\u76f8\u518c<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nanjing_Massacre\">Nanjing Massacre<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sook_Ching_massacre\">Sook Ching massacre<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Unit_731\">Unit 731<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.8 \u671d\u9c9c | By Koreans<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wanpaoshan_Incident\">Wanpaoshan Incident<\/a>, on July 1, 1931<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.9 \u7f8e\u56fd | United States<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_massacre_of_1871\">Chinese massacre of 1871<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rock_Springs_massacre\">Rock Springs massacre<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Attack_on_Squak_Valley_Chinese_laborers,_1885\">Issaquah riot of 1885<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tacoma_riot_of_1885\">Tacoma riot of 1885<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seattle_riot_of_1886\">Seattle riot of 1886<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hells_Canyon_Massacre\">Hells Canyon Massacre<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_violence_in_California\">Anti-Chinese violence in California<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Denver_Riot_of_1880&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Denver Riot of 1880<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Vincent_Chin\">Killing of Vincent Chin<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.10 \u8d8a\u5357 | Vietnam<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1782_Saigon_massacre\">1782 Saigon massacre<\/a><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#cite_note-349\">[347]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2014_Vietnam_anti-China_protest\">2014 Vietnam anti-China protest<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. \u8d2c\u4e49\u8bcd | Derogatory terms<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u534e\u4eba\u6709\u7740\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u8d2c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u672f\u8bed\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672f\u8bed\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6307\u6574\u4e2a\u534e\u4eba\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u6216\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.1 \u82f1\u8bed | In English<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Eh Tiong(\u963f\u4e2d)\u2013\u4e13\u6307\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7528\u4e8e\u533a\u5206\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u534e\u88d4\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u3002\u6e90\u81ea\u95fd\u5357\u8bed\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u3002\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u653b\u51fb\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cheena\u2013\u4e0e\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7684\u201cEh Tiong\u201d\u7528\u6cd5\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eShina\uff08\u652f\u7eb3\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff08chinaman\uff09\u2014\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bcd\u5178\u3001\u8bfd\u8c24\u548c\u59d4\u5a49\u8bed\u8bcd\u5178\u4ee5\u53ca\u79cd\u65cf\u9a9a\u6270\u6307\u5357\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u5177\u6709\u5192\u72af\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ching chong\u2013\u7528\u4e8e\u5632\u7b11\u534e\u88d4\u548c\u8bf4\u6c49\u8bed\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u4e1c\u4e9a\u548c\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ching chang chong \u2013 \u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u201cching chong\u201d\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff08Chink\uff09\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u79cd\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u534e\u88d4\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u4e9a\u548c\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u8840\u7edf\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chinky\u2014\u2014\u201cChinky\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u662fChink\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u548cChink\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4fae\u8fb1\uff0c\u5076\u5c14\u9488\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u4e1c\u4e9a\u548c\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chonky \u2013 \u6307\u5177\u6709\u767d\u4eba\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u8fd8\u662f\u8840\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u82e6\u529b\uff08Coolie\uff09\u2014\u2014\u630719\u4e16\u7eaa\u548c20\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4f53\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5761\u5ea6\u2014\u2014\u7528\u6765\u5632\u7b11\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4eba\u7684\u5934\u9aa8\u503e\u659c\u5f62\u72b6\uff0c\u8d8a\u5357\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u5e38\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chicom\u2014\u2014\u8fc7\u53bb\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Panface\u2014\u2014\u7528\u6765\u5632\u7b11\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e1c\u4e9a\u548c\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u8840\u7edf\u7684\u4eba\u6241\u5e73\u7684\u9762\u90e8\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lingling\u2014\u2014\u8fc7\u53bb\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u5bf9\u534e\u88d4\u7684\u79f0\u547c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chinazi\u2014\u2014\u6700\u8fd1\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002\u8be5\u8bcd\u6700\u521d\u7531\u4e2d\u56fd\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u653f\u89c1\u8005\u4e8e\u6770\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u6297\u8bae\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u9891\u7e41\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e2d\u56fd\u5236\u9020\u2014\u2014\u7528\u6765\u5632\u7b11\u4f4e\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u8be5\u56fd\u5176\u4ed6\u88ab\u8d2c\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.2 \u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u8bed | In Filipino<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Intsik\uff08\u6709\u65f6\u62fc\u5199\u4e3ainchek\uff0c\u5bbf\u96fe\u8bed\uff1aInsik\uff09\u7528\u6765\u6307\u4ee3\u534e\u88d4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u534e\u4eba\u3002 \uff08\u6807\u51c6\u672f\u8bed\u662f\u201cTsino\u201d\uff0c\u6e90\u81ea\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u201cchino\u201d\uff0c\u53e3\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u201cTsinoy\u201d\u4e13\u6307\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u534e\u4eba\u3002\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u672c\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u8fd1\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8d1f\u9762\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6700\u521d\u6765\u81ea\u95fd\u5357\u8bed\u201cin chiek\u201d\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u53d4\u53d4\u3002\u8be5\u672f\u8bed\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u53d8\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u8bed\u6c14\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5177\u653b\u51fb\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Intsik baho\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u8d2c\u4e49\u77ed\u8bed Intsik baho tulo-laway\uff08\u201c\u6d41\u7740\u53e3\u6c34\u7684\u81ed\u8001\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tsekwa\uff08\u6709\u65f6\u62fc\u5199\u4e3a chekwa\uff09\u2014\u2014\u662f\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u4eba\u4ee3\u6307\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u4fda\u8bed\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.3 \u6cd5\u8bed | In French<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chinetoque (\u7537\/\u5973) \u2013 \u8d2c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\u6307\u4e9a\u6d32\u4eba\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u8d8a\u5357\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.4 \u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u8bed | In Indonesian<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chitato\u2014\u2014\uff08China Tanpa Toko\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u5546\u5e97\u201d\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u6ca1\u6709\u5546\u5e97\u7684\u5370\u5c3c\u534e\u88d4\u7684\u5632\u7b11\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aseng \u2013 \u201casing\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u53d8\u5f62\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u79f0\u547c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8840\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cina PKI Kafir Komunis Laknatullah \u2013\uff08\u88ab\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8bc5\u5492\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5361\u83f2\u5c14\uff09\u6307\u7684\u662f\u975e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u652f\u6301\u8005\u3002\u81ea\u4ece\u534e\u88d4\u96c5\u52a0\u8fbe\u7701\u957f\u4eb5\u6e0e\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5c31\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u7b11\u8bdd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cina Loleng \u2013\uff08\u52bf\u5229\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff09\u6307\u50b2\u6162\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u8840\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Panlok (Panda lokal\/\u5f53\u5730\u718a\u732b) \u2013 \u8d2c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\u6307\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u6216\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5993\u5973\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.5 \u65e5\u8bed | In Japanese<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dojin (\u571f\u4eba, dojin) \u2013 \u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u5730\u7403\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u4e2d\u6027\u5730\u6307\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u6216\u8d2c\u4e49\u5730\u6307\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u548c\u91ce\u86ee\u4eba\uff0c\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u548c20\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u88ab\u65e5\u672c\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u843d\u540e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7279\u4e9c\u4eba\uff08Tokuajin\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4e9a\u6d32\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u6765\u81ea\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6709\u53cd\u65e5\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u53d6\u81ea\u201c\u7279\u5b9a\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u53cd\u65e5\u5e76\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u5b58\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u7d27\u5f20\u548c\u4e89\u7aef\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5373\u671d\u9c9c\u3001\u97e9\u56fd\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u652f\u90a3\uff08\u652f\u90a3\u6216 \u30b7\u30ca\uff0cshina\uff09\u2014\u2014\u6c49\u5b57\u590d\u5408\u8bcd\u201c\u652f\u90a3\u201d\u7684\u65e5\u8bed\u8bfb\u6cd5\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u8f6c\u5f55\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u8fdb\u5165\u4e1c\u4e9a\u3002 \u968f\u7740\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u540d\u5f88\u5feb\u6210\u4e3a\u79cd\u65cf\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8d2c\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u201cshina-jin\u201d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bfd\u8c24\u4e5f\u88ab\u53f3\u7ffc\u4eba\u58eb\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u5de6\u7ffc\u6d3b\u52a8\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chankoro\u2014\u2014\u8d2c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\u6e90\u4e8e\u53f0\u6e7e\u95fd\u5357\u8bed\u6e05\u56fd\u5974\u7684\u8bb9\u8bef\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u6307\u4efb\u4f55\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u6e05\u671d\u7684\u5974\u96b6\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.6 \u97e9\u8bed\uff08\u671d\u9c9c\u8bed\uff09| In Korean<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Jjangkkae \u2014\u2014\u638c\u67dc\uff08zh\u01cenggu\u00ec\uff09\u7684\u97e9\u8bed\u53d1\u97f3\uff0c\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u5e97\u4e3b\u201d\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u6307\u4e2d\u56fd\u9910\u9986\u548c\u5546\u5e97\u7684\u8001\u677f\uff1b\u6307\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8d2c\u4e49\u8bcd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jjangkkolla\uff08\u97e9\u8bed\uff1a\uc9f1\uaf34\ub77c\uff09\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u6e90\u81ea\u65e5\u8bed\u672f\u8bed chankoro\uff08\u6df8\u56fd\u5974\uff0c\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u6e05\u671d\u6ee1\u6d32\u7684\u5974\u96b6\u201d\uff09\u3002 \u540e\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d2c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\u6307\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jung-gong\uff08\u97e9\u8bed\uff1a\uc911\uacf5\uff1b\u6c49\u5b57\uff1a\u4e2d\u5171\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u81ea\u671d\u9c9c\u6218\u4e89\uff081950-1953\uff09\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u6307\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Orangkae\uff08\u97e9\u8bed\uff1a\uc624\ub791\uce90\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u91ce\u86ee\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u3001\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u548c\u6ee1\u4eba\u7684\u8d2c\u4e49\u8bcd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doenom\uff08\u97e9\u8bed\uff1a\ub418\ub188\uff09\u2014\u2014\u6700\u521d\u662f\u5973\u771f\u4eba\u7684\u8d2c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u201c\u91ce\u86ee\u4eba\u201d\u3002 1636\u5e74\u5973\u771f\u4eba\u5165\u4fb5\u671d\u9c9c\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u957f\u671f\u4ec7\u6068\u3002 \u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u771f\u96c6\u56e2\u540e\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6e05\u671d\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e9b\u671d\u9c9c\u4eba\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ttaenom\uff08\u97e9\u8bed\uff1a\ub54c\ub188\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u6c61\u57a2\u6df7\u86cb\u201d\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u201c\u80ae\u810f\u201d\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u6d17\u6fa1\u3002 \u5b83\u6700\u521d\u662f Dwoenom\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u53d8\u6210\u4e86 Ddaenom\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.7 \u8499\u53e4\u8bed | In Mongolian<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hujaa\uff08\u8499\u53e4\u8bed\uff1a\u0445\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0430\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8d2c\u4e49\u8bcd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jungaa\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8d2c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6c49\u8bed\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.8 \u6ee1\u8bed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>nikan\u2014\u2014\u97f3\u4f5c\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%B0%BC%E5%A0%AA\">\u5c3c\u582a<\/a>\u201d\uff0c\u6ee1\u8bed\u91cc\u5bf9<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F\">\u6c49\u4eba<\/a>\u7684\u79f0\u547c\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u5e26\u6709\u8d2c\u4e49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.9 \u8461\u8404\u7259\u8bed | In Portuguese<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Xing l\u00edng (\u661f\u96f6) &#8211; \u8461\u8404\u7259\u8bed\u201czero estrela\u201d\uff08\u201c0\u661f\u201d\uff09\u7684\u76f4\u8bd1\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u547d\u540d\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ea7\u54c1\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5c71\u5be8\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pastel de flango\uff08\u9e21\u8089\u7cd5\u70b9\uff09 &#8211; \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d2c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\u5632\u7b11\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8bed\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u53d1\u97f3\uff08\u5c06R\u6539\u4e3aL\uff09\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d2c\u4e49\u8bcd\u5728\u5df4\u897f\u6709\u65f6\u7528\u6765\u6307\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.9 \u4fc4\u8bed | In Russian<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kitayoza\uff08\u4fc4\u8bed\uff1a\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0451\u0437\u0430 kitay\u00f3za\uff09\uff08\u7537\/\u5973\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8d2c\u4e49\u8bcd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uzkoglazy\uff08\u4fc4\u8bed\uff1a\u0443\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0439 *uzkogl\u00e1zy\uff09\uff08m\uff09\u2014\u2014\u6cdb\u6307\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8d2c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff08\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u773c\u775b\u201d\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.10 \u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed | In Spanish<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chino cochino \u2013 \uff08coe-chee-noe\uff0cN.A.\u201ccochini\u201d\uff0cSPAN\u201ccochino\u201d\uff0c\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u732a\u201d\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u8d2c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u80ae\u810f\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u3002 Cochina \u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u9634\u6027\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.11 \u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed | In Italian<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Muso giallo \u2013 \u201c\u9ec4\u8272\u67aa\u53e3\/\u9ec4\u8272\u8138\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u51fa\u73b0\u5728 20 \u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u4e00\u90e8\u5173\u4e8e\u610f\u5927\u5229\u77ff\u5de5\u7684\u620f\u5267\u4e2d\u3002 \u867d\u7136\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4ecd\u7136\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5883\u5185\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u201c\u5f02\u7c7b\u201d\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u914d\u97f3\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be5\u8bfd\u8c24\u8bed\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u201cgook\u201d\u6216\u201czipperhead\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.12 \u8d8a\u5357\u8bed | In Vietnamese<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>T\u00e0u\u2014\u2014\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u8239\u201d\u3002 \u5b83\u7528\u6765\u6cdb\u6307\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u8d2c\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u3002 \u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\u6e90\u4e8e\u6e05\u671d\u65f6\u671f\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2d\u56fd\u96be\u6c11\u4e58\u8239\u6765\u5230\u8d8a\u5357\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u1ef1a \u2013\uff08\u610f\u601d\u662f\u80ae\u810f\u7684\uff09\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8d2c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u79f0\u4e3aT\u00e0u Kh\u1ef1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u8bcd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tung C\u1ee7a \u6216 Trung C\u1ee7a \u6216 Trung C\u1ea9u\uff08\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u662f\u72d7\u4e2d\u6587\uff09\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u4ee5\u5632\u8bbd\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6a21\u4eff\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u53d1\u97f3\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trung C\u1ed9ng \u6216 T\u00e0u C\u1ed9ng\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u6216\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\u56fd\uff09\u2014\u2014\u88ab\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6d41\u4ea1\u4e2d\u7684\u8d8a\u5357\u53cd\u5171\u5206\u5b50\u7528\u6765\u5632\u7b11\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u53ca\u5176\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6b32\u671b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ch\u1ec7c \u2013\uff08\u79cd\u65cf\u8bfd\u8c24\u3001\u8d2c\u4e49\uff09Chink<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ch\u1ec7ch\u2013\uff08\u79cd\u65cf\u8bfd\u8c24\u3001\u8d2c\u4e49\uff09Chink\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8d8a\u5357\u8bed\u53e3\u8bed\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed Chink \u7684\u7b49\u4ef7\u7269\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.13 \u7ca4\u8bed | In Cantonese<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wong choong\uff08\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u8757\u866b\uff1b\u7ca4\u62fc\uff1awong4cung4\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u8757\u866b\u201d\uff1b \u8d2c\u4e49\u7684\u65b0\u8bcd\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u6307\u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u5927\u9646\u6e38\u5ba2\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>gat zat \u4e2d\u6587: \u66f1\u7534; Jyutping: gaat6zaat6) \u2014 \u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u87d1\u8782\u201d\uff1b \u8d2c\u4e49\u7684\u65b0\u8bcd\u7528\u6765\u6307\u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u884c\u4e3a\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u6297\u8bae\u8005\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.14 \u95fd\u5357\u8bed | In <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southern_Min\">Min-nan<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Si-a-liok\uff08\u7e41\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587\u4e66\u5199\uff1a\u6b7b\u963f\u9646\uff1b\u53f0\u6e7e\u62fc\u97f3\uff1aS\u00ed-a-lio\u030dk \u6216 S\u00ed-a-la\u030dk\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u8be5\u6b7b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u56db\u4e8c\u516d\u201d\uff08426\uff0c\u201cs\u00ec- \u00e8r-li\u00f9\u201d\uff09\u5728\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u5b57\u6e38\u620f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. \u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u56de\u5e94 | Chinese response<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Western_sentiment_in_China\">Anti-Western sentiment in China<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Racism_in_China\">Racism in China<\/a><\/em><br><em>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u53cd\u897f\u65b9\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1999\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8C%97%E7%BA%A6%E8%BD%B0%E7%82%B8%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB\">\u5317\u7ea6\u8f70\u70b8\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b<\/a>\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8f70\u70b8\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u9a7b\u8d1d\u5c14\u683c\u83b1\u5fb7\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89\">\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u60c5\u7eea\u663e\u7740\u9ad8\u6da8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u968f\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u7231\u56fd\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u52a0\u5267\u3002\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u573a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81%E8%AB%96\">\u6587\u660e\u51b2\u7a81<\/a>\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u201c\u4ee5\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3a\u9996\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%94%AF%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89\">\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89\">\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B6%88%E8%B2%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9\">\u6d88\u8d39\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89\">\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%85%90%E8%B4%A5\">\u8150\u8d25<\/a>\u548c\u9893\u5e9f\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u4f18\u8d8a\u7684\u4e9a\u6d32<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%90%86%E6%83%B3%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9\">\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%9B%86%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89\">\u96c6\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u9053\u5fb7\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6597\u4e89\u201d\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8bd5\u56fe\u6495\u88c2\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5229\u7528\u5176\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-271\">[271]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-272\">[272]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2020\u5e74\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u9762\u4e34\u53cd\u534e\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u652f\u6301\u6709\u6240\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u4e5f\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-273\">[273]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-274\">[274]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u6050\u534e\u75c7 | Sinophobia during the COVID-19 pandemic<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/NYC_anti-xenophobia_poster_amid_coronavirus_pandemic_Canal_St_6_Line--scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/NYC_anti-xenophobia_poster_amid_coronavirus_pandemic_Canal_St_6_Line--1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3385\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/NYC_anti-xenophobia_poster_amid_coronavirus_pandemic_Canal_St_6_Line--1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/NYC_anti-xenophobia_poster_amid_coronavirus_pandemic_Canal_St_6_Line--300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/NYC_anti-xenophobia_poster_amid_coronavirus_pandemic_Canal_St_6_Line--768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/NYC_anti-xenophobia_poster_amid_coronavirus_pandemic_Canal_St_6_Line--1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/NYC_anti-xenophobia_poster_amid_coronavirus_pandemic_Canal_St_6_Line--2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/NYC_anti-xenophobia_poster_amid_coronavirus_pandemic_Canal_St_6_Line--1000x563.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/NYC_anti-xenophobia_poster_amid_coronavirus_pandemic_Canal_St_6_Line--230x129.jpg 230w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/NYC_anti-xenophobia_poster_amid_coronavirus_pandemic_Canal_St_6_Line--350x197.jpg 350w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/NYC_anti-xenophobia_poster_amid_coronavirus_pandemic_Canal_St_6_Line--480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<br>\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aCOVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5e02\u5730\u94c1\u7ad9\u5f20\u8d34\u7684\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u53cd\u4ec7\u5916\u5fc3\u7406\u6d77\u62a5<br>\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/User:Jess_Hawsor\">Jess Hawsor<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u80ba\u708e (COVID-19) \u9996\u6b21\u5728\u6b66\u6c49\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9\u534e\u88d4\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u504f\u89c1\uff1b\u6709\u4eba\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5e94\u8be5\u67d3\u4e0a\u8fd9\u79cd\u75c5\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-275\">[275]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-276\">[276]<\/a><\/sup>\u5168\u7403\u5404\u5730\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u516c\u6c11\u4e5f\u8981\u6c42\u7981\u6b62\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-277\">[277]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-278\">[278]<\/a><\/sup>\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e9a\u88d4\u7fa4\u4f53\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8650\u5f85\u548c\u88ad\u51fb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e5f\u6709\u6240\u589e\u52a0\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-279\">[279]<\/a><\/sup>\u7f8e\u56fd\u524d\u603b\u7edf\u5510\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u7279\u6717\u666e\u4e5f\u591a\u6b21\u5c06\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u79f0\u4e3a&#8221;<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u75c5\u6bd2<\/a>&#8220;\u548c&#8221;<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8A%9F%E5%A4%AB%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F\">\u529f\u592b\u6d41\u611f<\/a>&#8220;\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5426\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672f\u8bed\u5177\u6709\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u542b\u4e49\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-280\">[280]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-281\">[281]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-282\">[282]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11. \u534e\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u653f\u515a\u6001\u5ea6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>11.1 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/69\/Danghui.svg\/30px-Danghui.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/69\/Danghui.svg\/40px-Danghui.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/69\/Danghui.svg\/20px-Danghui.svg.png\" alt=\"\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\">&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C\">\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u5173\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u53cd\u534e\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8bba\u8ff0\u53c2\u89c1<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%89%E8%82%A1%E5%8A%BF%E5%8A%9B\">\u4e09\u80a1\u52bf\u529b<\/a>\u717d\u52a8\u53cd\u534e\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-284\">[284]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>11.2 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a1\/Emblem_of_the_Kuomintang.svg\/30px-Emblem_of_the_Kuomintang.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a1\/Emblem_of_the_Kuomintang.svg\/40px-Emblem_of_the_Kuomintang.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a1\/Emblem_of_the_Kuomintang.svg\/20px-Emblem_of_the_Kuomintang.svg.png\" alt=\"\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\">&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%BB%A8\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u515a<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%BB%A8\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u515a<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C\">\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e0b\u5c06\u5916\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6216\u5f02\u8bae\u4eba\u58eb\u89c6\u4e3a\u53cd\u534e\u6216\u53cd\u4e2d\u3002\u5176\u5bf9\u8c61\u66fe\u5305\u62ec<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E9%BB%A8\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD\">\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85\">\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94\">\u82cf\u8054<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B1%AA%E7%B2%BE%E5%8D%AB%E6%94%BF%E6%9D%83\">\u6c6a\u7cbe\u536b\u653f\u6743<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%80%B2%E6%AD%A5%E9%BB%A8\">\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fdb\u6b65\u515a<\/a>\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>11.3 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/16\/Green_Island_with_White_Cross.svg\/30px-Green_Island_with_White_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/16\/Green_Island_with_White_Cross.svg\/40px-Green_Island_with_White_Cross.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/16\/Green_Island_with_White_Cross.svg\/20px-Green_Island_with_White_Cross.svg.png\" alt=\"\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fdb\u6b65\u515a\">&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%80%B2%E6%AD%A5%E9%BB%A8\">\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fdb\u6b65\u515a<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2014\u5e74\u8d8a\u5357\u5e73\u9633\u7701\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u534e\u66b4\u52a8\u540e\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u591a\u5bb6\u53f0\u8d44\u5382\u5546\u9996\u5f53\u5176\u51b2\uff0c\u906d\u66b4\u5f92\u51b2\u51fb\u3001\u7eb5\u706b\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u53f0\u5546\u53d7\u4f24\u3002\u6c11\u8fdb\u515a\u7acb\u59d4\u5c06\u8d8a\u5357\u53cd\u534e\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\uff0c\u79f0\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u5382\u5546\u201c\u8fde\u7d2f\u201d\u53f0\u5546\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-283\">[283]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">12. \u76f8\u5173\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>12.1 \u4e0e\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u76f8\u5173<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD\">\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>\u653f\u6743\u53ca\u653f\u7b56\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u534e\u201d\uff08\u53cd\u4e2d\uff09\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1997\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82\">\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6<\/a>\u53ca<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5\">\u4e39\u9ea6<\/a>\u7b49\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B\">\u8054\u5408\u56fd<\/a>\u63d0\u51fa\u5bf9<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD\">\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>\u7684\u4eba\u6743\u4fdd\u969c\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u62a8\u51fb\uff0c\u88ab<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD\">\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>\u53ca\u90e8\u5206\u5a92\u4f53\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e3a\u53cd\u534e\u63d0\u6848<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-285\">[285]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2000\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88\">\u68b5\u8482\u5188<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%B0%81%E5%9C%A3\">\u5c01<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%AE%89%E9%81%93%E8%81%96%E4%BA%BA\">\u5723<\/a>\uff08\u5982<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150923201140\/http:\/\/www.catholic.org.tw\/dominicanfamily\/saints_china_capillas.htm\">\u5723\u5218\u65b9\u6d4e<\/a>\uff09\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u906d<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD\">\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>\u53ca\u5b66\u8005\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e3a\u53cd\u534e\u4e8b\u4ef6<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-286\">[286]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2004\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97\">\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%98%86%E9%83%BD%E5%A3%AB%E7%9C%81\">\u6606\u90fd\u58eb\u7701<\/a>\u6050\u6016\u88ad\u51fb<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-287\">[287]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2007\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%BD\">\u8499\u53e4<\/a>\u6392\u534e\u4e8b\u4ef6<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-288\">[288]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2008\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E4%B9%8B%E8%81%B2\">\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e4b\u58f0<\/a>\u534e\u4eba\u5458\u5de5\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\u4e8b\u4ef6<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-289\">[289]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2008%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A%E7%81%AB%E7%82%AC%E6%8E%A5%E5%8A%9B#\u5df4\u9ece\">2008\u5e74\u5965\u8fd0\u4f1a\u706b\u70ac\u63a5\u529b\u5df4\u9ece\u7ad9\u793a\u5a01\u6d3b\u52a8\u53ca\u653b\u51fb\u706b\u70ac\u624b\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2008\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD\">\u97e9\u56fd<\/a>\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-290\">[290]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2009\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0\">\u8377\u5170<\/a>\u6c11\u4f17\u793a\u5a01<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-291\">[291]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2010\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6\">\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u65af\u5766<\/a>\u6c11\u4f17\u793a\u5a01<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-292\">[292]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2010\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD\">\u6cd5\u56fd<\/a>\u534e\u4eba\u53cd\u66b4\u529b\u6e38\u884c<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-293\">[293]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2010\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B8%94%E8%88%B9%E4%B8%8E%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B7%A1%E9%80%BB%E8%88%B9%E9%92%93%E9%B1%BC%E5%B2%9B%E7%9B%B8%E6%92%9E%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u6e14\u8239\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u5de1\u903b\u8239\u9493\u9c7c\u5c9b\u76f8\u649e\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/a>\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u793a\u5a01<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-294\">[294]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2010\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94\">\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14<\/a>\u653f\u5ba2\u8a00\u8bba<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-295\">[295]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2011\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE\">\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe<\/a>\u793a\u5a01\u6e38\u884c<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-296\">[296]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2011\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD\">\u82f1\u56fd<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8\">BBC<\/a>\u6240\u62cd\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2\">\u975e\u6d32<\/a>\u7684\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\uff0c\u88ab\u90e8\u5206\u5a92\u4f53\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u662f\u717d\u52a8\u53cd\u534e\u60c5\u7eea<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-297\">[297]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2011\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E5%BB%B3\">\u97e9\u56fd\u6d77\u5cb8\u8b66\u536b\u961f<\/a>\u961f\u5458\u9047\u5bb3\u540e\u76f8\u5173\u4e8b\u4ef6<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-298\">[298]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2012\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%BB%84%E5%B2%A9%E5%B2%9B%E4%B8%BB%E6%9D%83%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98\">\u9ec4\u5ca9\u5c9b\u4e89\u8bae<\/a>\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u793a\u5a01\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2012\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6\">\u5409\u5c14\u5409\u65af\u65af\u5766<\/a>\u94c1\u8def\u5efa\u8bbe\u76f8\u5173\u4e8b\u4ef6<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-299\">[299]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-300\">[300]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2013\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE\">\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe<\/a>\u793a\u5a01\u6e38\u884c<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF#cite_note-301\">[301]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2019%E5%86%A0%E7%8B%80%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%97%85%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E6%8E%92%E5%A4%96%E5%8F%8A%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9\">2019\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u75c5\u75ab\u60c5\u76f8\u5173\u6392\u5916\u53ca\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>12.2 \u4e0e\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\uff08\u53f0\u5f53\u5c40\uff09\u76f8\u5173<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B\">\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd<\/a>\u653f\u6743\u53ca\u653f\u7b56\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u534e\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u662f\u201c\u6392\u534e\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u591a\u4e3a\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u5404\u56fd\u5bf9\u5f85\u534e\u4fa8\u7684\u66b4\u884c\u8868\u793a\u8c34\u8d23\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4ece2010\u5e74\u5728\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\uff08\u53f0\u6e7e\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u6709\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8E%BB%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8C%96\">\u53bb\u4e2d\u56fd\u5316<\/a>\u201d\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u7531\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\uff08\u53f0\u6e7e\uff09\u4e3b\u5f20<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%87%BA%E7%8D%A8\">\u53f0\u72ec<\/a>\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B0%91%E9%80%B2%E9%BB%A8\">\u6c11\u8fdb\u515a<\/a>\u7b49\u7eff\u8425\u653f\u515a\u53d1\u8d77\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e0e\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u548c\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u957f\u5e74\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u7ea0\u7eb7\u4e0e\u56f0\u5883\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5207\u5272\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u5f15\u8d77\u4e89\u8bae\u4e0e\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BC%8A%E5%AF%A7%E4%BA%8B%E8%AE%8A\">\u4f0a\u5b81\u4e8b\u53d8<\/a>\uff1a1944\u5e74\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b0\u7586\u5317\u90e8\u4f0a\u7281\u3001\u5854\u57ce\u3001\u963f\u52d2\u6cf0\u201c\u4e09\u533a\u201d\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u7ef4\u543e\u5c14\u4eba\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%93%88%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%97%8F\">\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u65af\u5766\u4eba<\/a>\u5206\u79bb\u66b4\u52a8\uff0c\u5206\u79bb\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f97\u5230\u4e86<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF\">\u82cf\u8054<\/a>\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%9D%B1%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B\">\u4e1c\u7a81\u53a5\u65af\u5766\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b56\u5212\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u7b56\u52a8\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u5982\u8499\u53e4\u3001\u4e1c\u5317\u3001\u534e\u5317\u3001\u534e\u4e2d\u3001\u4e0e\u53f0\u6e7e\u7b49\u5730\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5206\u79bb\u66b4\u52a8\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u672a\u6709\u201c\u53cd\u534e\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u72ec\u7acb\u4e0e\u9769\u547d\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u53c2\u89c1\u3001\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u3001\u5ef6\u4f38\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cathayvista.net\/zh\/ref-anti-chinese-sentiment\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.cathayvista.net\/zh\/ref-anti-chinese-sentiment\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee\uff08\u8fbd\u89c2\u7f51\u7ad9\uff09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-15.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"95\" src=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-15-1024x95.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3386\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-15-1024x95.png 1024w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-15-300x28.png 300w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-15-768x71.png 768w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-15-1000x93.png 1000w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-15-230x21.png 230w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-15-350x33.png 350w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-15-480x45.png 480w, https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-15.png 1366w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-16.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"731\" src=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/\u56fe\u7247-16-1024x731.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3387\" 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