{"id":3395,"date":"2024-06-21T21:25:17","date_gmt":"2024-06-21T13:25:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=3395"},"modified":"2025-01-31T09:55:01","modified_gmt":"2025-01-31T01:55:01","slug":"killing-of-vincent-chin-fulltext-zhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2024\/06\/21\/killing-of-vincent-chin-fulltext-zhen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u9648\u679c\u4ec1\u8c0b\u6740\u6848 \/ Killing of Vincent Chin – \uff08\u5168\u6587\uff09\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u878d\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u53c2\u89c1\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>\u3002
\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>\u3002
\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u5e76\u8865\u5145\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5408\u89c4\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u4e0a\u4f20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff08Wikipedia\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee<\/a>\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8bd1\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\u8fbd\u89c2\u6240\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u4e0e\u539f\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faaCC-BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/a>\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u56fe\u7247\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u8fbd\u89c2\uff1a\u201c\u8fbd\u89c2\u767e\u79d1\u642c\u8fd0\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae\u6c47\u603b<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

0. \u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\u3011\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0.1 \u6587\u5b57\u8bf4\u660e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\u3011\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vincent Jen Chin<\/strong> (Chinese<\/a>: \u9673\u679c\u4ec1; May 18, 1955 \u2013 June 23, 1982) was an American draftsman<\/a> of Chinese descent who was killed in a racially motivated assault[1]<\/a>[2]<\/a>[3]<\/a><\/sup> by two white men, Chrysler<\/a> plant supervisor Ronald Ebens<\/a> and his stepson, laid-off autoworker Michael Nitz.[4]<\/a><\/sup> Ebens and Nitz assailed Chin following a brawl that took place at a strip club<\/a> in Highland Park, Michigan<\/a>, where Chin had been celebrating his bachelor party<\/a> with friends in advance of his upcoming wedding. Against the backdrop of high anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States<\/a> at the time \u2013 known as “Japan bashing” \u2013 they had assumed that Chin was Japanese, and a witness described them using anti-Asian racial slurs as they attacked him, ultimately beating Chin to death.[5]<\/a>[6]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u9648\u679c\u4ec1\uff08\u82f1\u6587\uff1aVincent Jen Chin\uff1b1955 \u5e74 5 \u6708 18 \u65e5 – 1982 \u5e74 6 \u6708 23 \u65e5\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u534e\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ed8\u56fe\u5458\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u88ad\u51fb\u4e2d\u88ab\u4e24\u540d\u767d\u4eba\u6740\u5bb3[1][2][3]\uff0c\u4e24\u540d\u767d\u4eba\u662f\u514b\u83b1\u65af\u52d2\u5de5\u5382\u4e3b\u7ba1\u7f57\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u7ee7\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0b\u5c97\u6c7d\u8f66\u5de5\u4eba\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u5c3c\u8328\u3002[4] \u57c3\u672c\u65af\u548c\u5c3c\u8328\u5728\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5dde\u9ad8\u5730\u516c\u56ed\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u8131\u8863\u821e\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u53d1\u751f\u6597\u6bb4\u540e\u88ad\u51fb\u4e86\u9648\u679c\u4ec1\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u9648\u679c\u4ec1\u6b63\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u4e0e\u670b\u53cb\u5e86\u795d\u4ed6\u7684\u5355\u8eab\u6d3e\u5bf9\uff0c\u4e3a\u5373\u5c06\u5230\u6765\u7684\u5a5a\u793c\u505a\u51c6\u5907\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53cd\u65e5\u60c5\u7eea\u9ad8\u6da8\uff08\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u653b\u51fb\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e3a\u9648\u679c\u4ec1\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u76ee\u51fb\u8005\u79f0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ad\u51fb\u9648\u679c\u4ec1\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u53cd\u4e9a\u88d4\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4fae\u8fb1\u6027\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u9648\u679c\u4ec1\u6bb4\u6253\u81f4\u6b7b\u3002[5][6]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although accounts vary, the men were expelled from the club following a physical altercation. Ebens and Nitz eventually found Chin in front of a Highland Park McDonald’s<\/a>. There, Nitz held Chin down while Ebens repeatedly bashed him with a baseball bat until Chin’s head cracked open. Chin was taken to Henry Ford Hospital<\/a> in Detroit, where he died of his injuries four days later.[7]<\/a><\/sup> In their first trial, Ebens and Nitz accepted a plea bargain<\/a> to reduce the charges from second-degree murder<\/a> to manslaughter<\/a>.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u867d\u7136\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u4eba\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u80a2\u4f53\u51b2\u7a81\u540e\u88ab\u8d76\u51fa\u4e86\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u3002\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u548c\u5c3c\u5179\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u9ad8\u5730\u516c\u56ed\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u9ea6\u5f53\u52b3\u5e97\u524d\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u9648\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u5c3c\u5179\u6309\u4f4f\u9648\uff0c\u800c\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u7528\u68d2\u7403\u68d2\u53cd\u590d\u51fb\u6253\u4ed6\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9648\u7684\u5934\u88c2\u5f00\u3002\u79e6\u88ab\u9001\u5230\u5e95\u7279\u5f8b\u7684\u4ea8\u5229\u798f\u7279\u533b\u9662\uff0c\u56db\u5929\u540e\u56e0\u4f24\u52bf\u8fc7\u91cd\u53bb\u4e16\u3002[7] \u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5ba1\u5224\u4e2d\uff0c\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u548c\u5c3c\u5179\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u8ba4\u7f6a\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5c06\u6307\u63a7\u4ece\u4e8c\u7ea7\u8c0b\u6740\u964d\u4e3a\u8fc7\u5931\u6740\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9648\u679c\u4ec1\u88ab\u4ed6\u7684\u53cb\u4eba\u9001\u81f3\u5e95\u7279\u5f8b<\/a>\u7684\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u798f\u7279\u533b\u9662<\/a>\u6551\u6cbb\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u62a4\u58eb\u8868\u793a\u201c\u4ed6\uff08\u9648\u679c\u4ec1\uff09\u6ca1\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u4e86\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4ed6\u7684\u5927\u8111\u5df2\u7ecf\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e86\u201d\u3002\u56db\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u9648\u679c\u4ec1\u56e0\u4f24\u91cd\u5ba3\u544a\u4e0d\u6cbb[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e8b\u540e\u8bc1\u660e\u9648\u679c\u4ec1\u662f\u534e\u88d4<\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u548c\u5c3c\u5179\u5374\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f5c\u6848\u52a8\u673a\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u6c7d\u8f66\u5de5\u4e1a<\/a>\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5e95\u7279\u5f8b\u5927\u90fd\u4f1a\u533a<\/a>\u662f\u5168\u7f8e\u5bf9\u4e9a\u88d4<\/a>\u6700\u4e3a\u4ec7\u6068\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u706b\u836f\u6876\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u6c7d\u8f66\u5de5\u4e1a\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u5bf9\u672c\u571f\u6c7d\u8f66\u884c\u4e1a<\/a>\u9020\u6210\u51b2\u51fb\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u5e95\u7279\u5f8b\u4e09\u5de8\u5934<\/a>\u52a0\u5267\u8870\u843d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5931\u4e1a\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u5de5\u4eba\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e9a\u88d4\u7684\u6028\u6068\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f57\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u548c\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u5c3c\u5179\u88ab\u4ee5\u4e8c\u7ea7\u8c0b\u6740\u7f6a<\/a>\u8d77\u8bc9\uff0c\u4f46\u57281983\u5e74\u5176\u8bc9\u72b6\u88ab\u964d\u683c\u4e3a\u8bef\u6740\u7f6a<\/a>\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u8fbe\u6210\u8ba4\u7f6a\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u5404\u5224\u7f5a3000\u7f8e\u91d1\u53ca\u4e09\u5e74\u7f13\u5211<\/a>\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u76d1\u7981\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u548c\u5c3c\u5179\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5426\u8ba4\u9488\u5bf9\u9648\u679c\u4ec1\u7684\u6597\u6bb4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5426\u8ba4\u8fd9\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u52a8\u673a\u5e76\u62d2\u7edd\u627f\u8ba4\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u79cd\u65cf\u4ec7\u6068\u7684\u6807\u8bed[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e9a\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u3002\u5e95\u7279\u5f8b\u534e\u4eba\u798f\u5229\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\uff08Detroit Chinese Welfare Council\uff09\u4e3b\u5e2d\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u201c3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u730e\u6740\u7f8e\u7c4d\u534e\u88d4\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u201d\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6297\u8bae\u58f0\u6d6a\u7684\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u6b64\u6848\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e9a\u88d4\u53c2\u4e0e\u6c11\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8<\/a>\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u547c\u5401\u8054\u90a6\u52a0\u5f3a\u4ec7\u6068\u7f6a\u7acb\u6cd5<\/a>\u7684\u52a9\u529b[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The advocacy group American Citizens for Justice<\/a> (ACJ) was formed to protest the sentencing.[9]<\/a><\/sup> The case has since been viewed as a critical turning point for Asian American civil rights engagement<\/a> and a rallying cry for stronger federal hate crime legislation<\/a>.[10]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5021\u5bfc\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u6b63\u4e49\u7ec4\u7ec7 (ACJ) \u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u4ee5\u6297\u8bae\u8fd9\u4e00\u5224\u51b3\u3002[9] \u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u6848\u4ef6\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e9a\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u52a0\u5f3a\u8054\u90a6\u4ec7\u6068\u72af\u7f6a\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u3002[10]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0.2 \u6982\u51b5\u8868\u683c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df
\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aVincent Jen Chin (1955\u20131982) was a Chinese American man who was murdered in Highland Park, Michigan, United States, in 1982
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u9648\u679c\u4ec1\uff081955-1982\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u7f8e\u7c4d\u534e\u4eba\uff0c1982 \u5e74\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5dde\u9ad8\u5730\u516c\u56ed\u88ab\u8c0b\u6740<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Killing of Vincent Chin\u3010\u9648\u679c\u4ec1\u8c0b\u6740\u6848\u3011<\/th><\/tr>
Location
\u3010\u5730\u70b9\u3011<\/th>		Highland Park, Michigan<\/a>, U.S.\u3010\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5dde\u9ad8\u5730\u516c\u56ed\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Date
\u3010\u65f6\u95f4\u3011<\/th>		June 19, 1982\u30101982\u5e746\u670819\u65e5\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Attack type
\u3010\u653b\u51fb\u7c7b\u578b\u3011<\/th>		Homicide<\/a> by bludgeoning<\/a>, manslaughter<\/a>, hate crime<\/a>
\u3010\u6bb4\u6253\u6740\u4eba\u3001\u8fc7\u5931\u6740\u4eba\u3001\u4ec7\u6068\u72af\u7f6a\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Victim
\u3010\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3011<\/th>		Vincent Jen Chin\u3010\u9648\u679c\u4ec1\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Perpetrators
\u3010\u8087\u4e8b\u8005\u3011<\/th>		Ronald Madis Ebens<\/a>
Michael Nitz<\/td><\/tr>
Motive
\u3010\u52a8\u673a\u3011<\/th>		Resentment over unemployment in auto industry, blamed on Japanese imports, Anti-Asian racism<\/a>
\u3010\u6c7d\u8f66\u884c\u4e1a\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u8fdb\u53e3\u6c7d\u8f66\u5f15\u53d1\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u53cd\u4e9a\u88d4\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Verdict
\u3010\u5b9a\u7f6a\u3011<\/th>		State charges:<\/strong>\u3010\u5dde\u6307\u63a7\u3011
Pleaded guilty<\/a> to manslaughter<\/a>\u3010\u627f\u8ba4\u8fc7\u5931\u6740\u4eba\u7f6a\u3011
Federal charges:<\/strong>\u3010\u8054\u90a6\u6307\u63a7\u3011
Ebens guilty of one count of violation of civil rights<\/a>, but verdict overturned
\u3010\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u72af\u6709\u4e00\u9879\u4fb5\u72af\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u7f6a\uff0c\u4f46\u5224\u51b3\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\u3011
Nitz not guilty of violation of civil rights
\u3010\u5c3c\u8328\u65e0\u7f6a\uff0c\u7f6a\u540d\u662f\u4fb5\u72af\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Sentence
\u3010\u5224\u7f5a\u3011<\/th>		State sentences:<\/strong>\u3010\u5dde\u5224\u51b3\uff1a\u3011
Both perpetrators sentenced to three years of probation<\/a> and $3,780 fine
\u3010\u4e24\u540d\u8087\u4e8b\u8005\u88ab\u5224\u5904\u4e09\u5e74\u7f13\u5211\u548c 3,780 \u7f8e\u5143\u7f5a\u6b3e\u3011
Federal sentence:<\/strong>\u3010\u8054\u90a6\u5224\u51b3\uff1a\u3011
Ebens:\u3010\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u3011
25 years in prison (overturned)\u301025 \u5e74\u76d1\u7981\uff08\u63a8\u7ffb\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Charges
\u3010\u6307\u63a7\u3011<\/th>		State charges:<\/strong>\u3010\u5dde\u6307\u63a7\u3011
Manslaughter<\/a>\u3010\u8fc7\u5931\u6740\u4eba\u3011
Second-degree murder<\/a> (dropped after plea deal<\/a>)\u3010\u4e8c\u7ea7\u8c0b\u6740\uff08\u8ba4\u7f6a\u534f\u8bae\u540e\u64a4\u9500\uff09\u3011
Federal charges:<\/strong>\u3010\u8054\u90a6\u6307\u63a7\uff1a\u3011
Violation of civil rights (2 counts each)\u3010\u4fb5\u72af\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\uff08\u5404 2 \u9879\u6307\u63a7\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Litigation
\u3010\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3011<\/th>		Ebens ordered to pay $1.5 million to Chin’s family, Nitz ordered to pay $50,000
\u3010Ebens ordered to pay $1.5 million to Chin’s family, Nitz ordered to pay $50,000\u3011<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1. \u80cc\u666f\uff08\u6b7b\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff09 | Background<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u9648\u679c\u4ec1\u4e8e1955\u5e745\u670818\u65e5\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646<\/a>\u7684\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701<\/a>\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u88ab\u9057\u5f03\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u5b64\u513f\u9662\uff1b\u5176\u517b\u7236\u6bcd\u9648\u70b3\u5174\uff08Bing Hing “David” Chin\uff09\u548c\u9648\u4f59\u743c\u82b3\uff08Lily Chin\uff09\u57281961\u5e74\u6536\u517b\u4e86\u4ed6[4]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u9648\u70b3\u5174\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218<\/a>\u671f\u95f4\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u800c\u83b7\u51c6\u4e0e\u5176\u59bb\u5b50\u9648\u4f59\u743c\u82b3\u5165\u7c4d\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u9648\u4f59\u743c\u82b3\u57281949\u5e74\u6d41\u4ea7<\/a>\u4e4b\u540e\u4fbf\u8bca\u65ad\u51fa\u4e0d\u80b2\u75c7\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4e8c\u4eba\u51b3\u5b9a\u6536\u517b\u4e00\u540d\u5b69\u5b50[5]<\/a><\/sup>[6]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u9648\u679c\u4ec1\u5728\u6d77\u5170\u5e15\u514b<\/a>\uff08\u201c\u9ad8\u5730\u516c\u56ed\u201d\uff09\u957f\u5927\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u9648\u70b3\u5174\u57281971\u5e74\u906d\u9047\u62a2\u52ab\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u9648\u679c\u4ec1\u968f\u7740\u4ed6\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u642c\u5bb6\u81f3\u5965\u514b\u5e15\u514b<\/a>\u30021973\u5e74\uff0c\u9648\u679c\u4ec1\u4ece\u5965\u514b\u5e15\u514b\u9ad8\u4e2d<\/a>\u6bd5\u4e1a\u5e76\u8003\u5165\u63a7\u5236\u6570\u636e\u5b66\u9662<\/a>\u548c\u52b3\u4f26\u65af\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b66<\/a>\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u88ab\u6740\u65f6\uff0c\u9648\u679c\u4ec1\u662f\u6c7d\u8f66\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u6548\u80fd\u5de5\u7a0b\u516c\u53f8\uff08Efficient Engineering\uff09\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5236\u56fe\u5e08<\/a>\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5728\u5f17\u6069\u4ee3\u5c14<\/a>\u4e00\u5bb6\u540d\u53eb\u91d1\u661f\u9910\u5385\uff08Golden Star Restaurant\uff09\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u517c\u804c[5]<\/a><\/sup>[7]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba2\u5a5a\u5e76\u4e14\u7ed3\u5a5a\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u5b9a\u4e8e1982\u5e746\u670828\u65e5[8]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During an economic recession in the early 1980s<\/a>, the decline of the auto industry provoked resentment toward imported Japanese cars in Detroit, which was the center of the automotive industry in the United States<\/a>. “Japan bashing<\/a>” became popular with politicians, such as U.S. representative from Michigan John Dingell<\/a>, who blamed “little yellow men” for domestic automakers’ misfortune. Nationwide, Anti-Asian racism often accompanied campaigns urging consumers to “Buy American”.[16]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8870\u9000\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5e95\u7279\u5f8b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c7d\u8f66\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u6c7d\u8f66\u884c\u4e1a\u4e0b\u6ed1\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5bf9\u8fdb\u53e3\u65e5\u672c\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u60c5\u7eea\u9ad8\u6da8\u3002”\u62a8\u51fb\u65e5\u672c”\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u5728\u653f\u754c\u53d8\u5f97\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6765\u81ea\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5dde\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f17\u8bae\u5458\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u4e01\u683c\u5c14\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u56fd\u5185\u6c7d\u8f66\u5236\u9020\u5546\u7684\u4e0d\u5e78\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u201c\u5c0f\u9ec4\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u201c\u8d2d\u4e70\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d27\u201d\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u4e9a\u88d4\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u65f6\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u3002[16]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u6848\u53d1\u7ecf\u8fc7 | Killing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df
\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aRonald Ebens<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df
\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aMichael Nitz<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On June 19, 1982, Chin was having a bachelor party<\/a> at the Fancy Pants Club in Highland Park to celebrate his upcoming wedding with three of his friends: Jimmy Choi, Gary Koivu, and Robert Siroskey.[17]<\/a><\/sup> Seated across the stage from them were two white men, Chrysler<\/a> plant supervisor Ronald Ebens<\/a> and his stepson, laid-off autoworker Michael Nitz.[4]<\/a><\/sup> According to an interview by American documentary filmmaker Michael Moore<\/a> for the Detroit Free Press<\/a><\/em>, after Chin gave a white stripper a generous gratuity<\/a>, Ebens shouted, “Hey, you little motherfuckers!” and told an African-American dancer, “Don’t pay any attention to those little fuckers, they wouldn’t know a good dancer if they’d seen one.”[17]<\/a><\/sup> Racine Colwell, a dancer at the bar, later testified that Ebens said, “It’s because of you little motherfuckers that we’re out of work.”[18]<\/a>[19]<\/a>[20]<\/a><\/sup> This statement later provided the evidence for civil rights litigation against Ebens.[21]<\/a><\/sup> He later claimed the argument was not about Chin’s race but the Black dancer’s gratuity.[17]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111982\u5e746\u670819\u65e5\uff0c\u9648\u5728\u9ad8\u5730\u516c\u56ed\u7684Fancy Pants\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u4e3e\u884c\u5355\u8eab\u6d3e\u5bf9\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e09\u4f4d\u670b\u53cb\u2014\u2014Jimmy Choi\u3001Gary Koivu\u548cRobert Siroskey\u4e00\u8d77\u5e86\u795d\u5373\u5c06\u5230\u6765\u7684\u5a5a\u793c\u3002[17] \u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u9762\u7684\u821e\u53f0\u65c1\u5750\u7740\u4e24\u540d\u767d\u4eba\u7537\u5b50\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u514b\u83b1\u65af\u52d2\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u4e3b\u7ba1\u7f57\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u7ee7\u5b50\u3001\u88ab\u89e3\u96c7\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u5de5\u4eba\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u5c3c\u8328\u3002[4] \u6839\u636e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\u5236\u4f5c\u4eba\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u6469\u5c14\u4e3a\u300a\u5e95\u7279\u5f8b\u81ea\u7531\u62a5\u300b\u6240\u505a\u7684\u91c7\u8bbf\uff0c\u9648\u7ed9\u4e00\u4f4d\u767d\u4eba\u821e\u5973\u6177\u6168\u7684\u5c0f\u8d39\u540e\uff0c\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u5927\u558a\uff1a\u201c\u563f\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u6df7\u86cb\uff01\u201d\u5e76\u5bf9\u4e00\u4f4d\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u821e\u8005\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u522b\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u6df7\u86cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u7b97\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u597d\u821e\u8005\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u201d[17] \u9152\u5427\u7684\u821e\u8005Racine Colwell\u540e\u6765\u4f5c\u8bc1\u8bf4\uff0c\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a\u201c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u6df7\u86cb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u5931\u4e1a\u4e86\u3002\u201d[18][19][20] \u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u8fdb\u884c\u6c11\u6743\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002[21] \u4f46\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u58f0\u79f0\u4e89\u6267\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u9648\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u90a3\u4f4d\u9ed1\u4eba\u821e\u8005\u7684\u8d4f\u91d1\u3002[17]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u58f0\u79f0\u9648\u8d70\u5230\u4ed6\u548c\u5c3c\u5179\u8eab\u8fb9\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0b\u5df4\u6325\u4e86\u4e00\u62f3\u3002 \u5f53\u5c3c\u8328\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u7ee7\u7236\u800c\u63a8\u9648\u65f6\uff0c\u51b2\u7a81\u5347\u7ea7\uff0c\u9648\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u53cd\u51fb\u3002 \u4e00\u540d\u821e\u8005\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4\uff0c\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u548c\u9648\u62ff\u8d77\u6905\u5b50\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u4e92\u76f8\u6325\u821e\u3002\u5c3c\u8328\u7684\u5934\u90e8\u88ab\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u7528\u6765\u653b\u51fb\u9648\u7684\u6905\u5b50\u5212\u4f24\u3002 \u9648\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u623f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u4fdd\u9556\u5e26\u9886\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u548c\u5c3c\u8328\u53bb\u6d17\u624b\u95f4\u6e05\u7406\u4f24\u53e3\u3002 \u6839\u636e\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u548c\u5c3c\u8328\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u9648\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u670b\u53cb\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u897f\u7f57\u65af\u57fa(Robert Siroskey)\u56de\u5230\u91cc\u9762\u4f7f\u7528\u6d17\u624b\u95f4\u5e76\u5411\u8fd9\u7fa4\u4eba\u9053\u6b49\uff0c\u79f0\u9648\u56e0\u4e3a\u5355\u8eab\u6d3e\u5bf9\u559d\u4e86\u51e0\u676f\u9152\u3002 \u57c3\u672c\u65af\u548c\u5c3c\u8328\u90a3\u5929\u665a\u4e0a\u4e5f\u559d\u9152\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u9152\u7cbe\u996e\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f53\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u548c\u5c3c\u8328\u79bb\u5f00\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5728\u5916\u9762\u7b49\u5f85\u897f\u7f57\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u94a6\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u3002 \u94a6\u79f0\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u4e3a\u201c\u9e21\u5c4e\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c3c\u8328\u4ece\u4ed6\u7684\u8f66\u91cc\u53d6\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u6839\u68d2\u7403\u68d2\uff0c\u94a6\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u8dd1\u5230\u4e86\u8857\u4e0a\u3002 \u57c3\u672c\u65af\u548c\u5c3c\u8328\u5728\u9644\u8fd1\u641c\u5bfb\u4e86 20 \u5230 30 \u5206\u949f\uff0c\u5e76\u4ed8\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u540d\u7537\u5b50 20 \u7f8e\u5143\u5e2e\u52a9\u5bfb\u627e\u9648\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u9ea6\u5f53\u52b3\u9910\u5385\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4ed6\u3002 Chin \u8bd5\u56fe\u9003\u8dd1\uff0c\u4f46\u88ab Nitz \u6293\u4f4f\uff0cEbens \u53cd\u590d\u7528\u68d2\u7403\u68d2\u6bb4\u6253 Chin\uff0c\u76f4\u5230 Chin \u7684\u5934\u88c2\u5f00\u3002 \u57c3\u672c\u65af\u5728\u72af\u7f6a\u73b0\u573a\u88ab\u4e24\u540d\u76ee\u51fb\u6bb4\u6253\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4f11\u73ed\u8b66\u5bdf\u902e\u6355\u5e76\u62d8\u7559\u3002 \u4e00\u540d\u8b66\u5b98\u8bf4\uff0c\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u6325\u821e\u7403\u68d2\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u201c\u6253\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u5792\u6253\u201d\u4e00\u6837\u3002 \u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u540d\u8b66\u5bdf\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u52a0\u767b\u5e0c\u5c14 (Michael Gardenhire) \u547c\u53eb\u4e86\u6551\u62a4\u8f66\u3002 \u94a6\u88ab\u7d27\u6025\u9001\u5f80\u4ea8\u5229\u798f\u7279\u533b\u9662\uff0c\u62b5\u8fbe\u65f6\u5df2\u5904\u4e8e\u660f\u8ff7\u72b6\u6001\u3002 \u4ed6\u518d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6062\u590d\u77e5\u89c9\uff0c\u56db\u5929\u540e\u5373 1982 \u5e74 6 \u6708 23 \u65e5\u53bb\u4e16\u3002 \u9648\u679c\u4ec1\u5f53\u65f6\u53ea\u670927\u5c81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u8bc9\u8bbc\u88c1\u51b3 | Legal proceedings<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

3.1 \u5dde\u5211\u4e8b\u6307\u63a7 | State criminal charges<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u548c\u5c3c\u8328\u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u72af\u6709\u4e8c\u7ea7\u8c0b\u6740\u7f6a\uff0c\u4f46\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u8ba4\u7f6a\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5c06\u6307\u63a7\u51cf\u5c11\u4e3a\u8fc7\u5931\u6740\u4eba\u7f6a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u97e6\u6069\u53bf\u5de1\u56de\u6cd5\u5b98\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u8003\u592b\u66fc\u5224\u5904\u4e09\u5e74\u7f13\u5211\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u52d2\u4ee4\u6bcf\u4eba\u652f\u4ed8 3,000 \u7f8e\u5143\u7f5a\u6b3e\u548c 780 \u7f8e\u5143\u6cd5\u5ead\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u5165\u72f1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8003\u592b\u66fc\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u548c\u5c3c\u8328\u7684\u8f7b\u5224\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u548c\u5c3c\u8328\u6ca1\u6709\u72af\u7f6a\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e24\u4eba\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f24\u5bb3\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002 \u4ed6\u5728\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fa9\u62a4\u65f6\u8bf4\uff0c\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u548c\u5c3c\u8328\u201c\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u79cd\u4f60\u9001\u8fdb\u76d1\u72f1\u7684\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u201c\u4f60\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba9\u60e9\u7f5a\u4e0e\u7f6a\u884c\u76f8\u9002\u5e94\uff1b\u4f60\u4f1a\u8ba9\u60e9\u7f5a\u4e0e\u7f6a\u72af\u76f8\u9002\u5e94\u201d\u3002\u8003\u592b\u66fc\u8fa9\u79f0\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u88ad\u51fb\u662f\u201c\u663e\u7136\u662f\u9648\u5148\u751f\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u6218\u6597\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u81ea\u536b\uff0c\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u548c\u5c3c\u8328\u201c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u72af\u4e0b\u4efb\u4f55\u7f6a\u884c\u3002\u201d\u8003\u592b\u66fc \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u66fe\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u5173\u62bc\u7684\u6218\u4fd8\uff0c\u4f46\u5426\u8ba4\u4efb\u4f55\u53cd\u4e9a\u6d32\u60c5\u7eea\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5e95\u7279\u5f8b\u81ea\u7531\u62a5\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u793e\u8bba\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u5bf9\u94a6\u6848\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u5904\u7406\u4f3c\u4e4e\u968f\u610f\u5f97\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u8bc4\u8bba\u4e86\u91cf\u5211\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u6709\u9650\u3001\u56e0\u8fa9\u8bc9\u4ea4\u6613\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u7684\u6307\u63a7\u3001\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u68c0\u5bdf\u5b98\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002 \u66f4\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8003\u592b\u66fc\u65e0\u89c6\u5224\u5211\u524d\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u76d1\u7981\u5efa\u8bae\u3002 \u793e\u8bba\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba9\u9648\u679c\u4ec1\u7684\u751f\u547d\u663e\u5f97\u5ec9\u4ef7\u3001\u5211\u4e8b\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7edf\u8981\u4e48\u51b7\u9177\u8981\u4e48\u53cd\u5e38\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5bf9\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u548c\u5c3c\u8328\u7684\u5bbd\u5927\u5224\u51b3\u6fc0\u6012\u4e86\u5e95\u7279\u5f8b\u5730\u533a\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u7684\u4e9a\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u9488\u5bf9\u4e9a\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6f20\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002 \u5e95\u7279\u5f8b\u534e\u4eba\u798f\u5229\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5224\u51b3\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u201c\u53d1\u653e 3,000 \u7f8e\u5143\u6740\u5bb3\u201d\u534e\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u3002 \u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u6fc0\u52b1\uff0c\u7eb7\u7eb7\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u3002 \u7f8e\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u516c\u6c11\u7ec4\u7ec7 (ACJ) \u6210\u7acb\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6297\u8bae\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u52aa\u529b\u4e89\u53d6\u53f8\u6cd5\u4e0a\u8bc9\u3002ACJ \u5f88\u5feb\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u56e2\u4f53\u3001\u5021\u5bfc\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e95\u7279\u5f8b\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u548c\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u79d1\u5c3c\u5c14\u65af\u7b49\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df
\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aPeople marching by Detroit’s Renaissance Center<\/a> in protest of the sentence of Chin’s killers being too light, May 9, 1983
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a1983 \u5e74 5 \u6708 9 \u65e5\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u5e95\u7279\u5f8b\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6e38\u884c\uff0c\u6297\u8bae\u6740\u5bb3\u9648\u679c\u4ec1\u7684\u51f6\u624b\u5211\u7f5a\u8fc7\u8f7b
\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aAssociated Press<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3.2 \u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u7684\u6c11\u6743\u6307\u63a7 | Federal civil rights charges<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u548c\u51e0\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9a73\u65a5\u4e86\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u5e94\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9648\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002 \u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u8054\u76df\u548c\u5168\u56fd\u5f8b\u5e08\u534f\u4f1a\u5e95\u7279\u5f8b\u5206\u4f1a\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9648\u88ab\u6740\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u6c11\u6743\u3002 \u8d77\u521d\uff0cACJ \u662f\u552f\u4e00\u652f\u6301\u5c06\u73b0\u6709\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e9a\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u3002 \u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f8b\u5e08\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u6784\u8ba4\u53ef\u4e86\u5176\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8bb0\u8005 Helen Zia \u548c\u5f8b\u5e08 Liza Chan \u9886\u5bfc\u4e86\u8054\u90a6\u6307\u63a7\u7684\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4e24\u540d\u51f6\u624b\u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u72af\u6709\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5178\u300b\u7b2c 18 \u7ae0\u4e0b\u4e24\u9879\u4fb5\u72af Chin \u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df
\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aEbens entering the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan<\/a>, June 28, 1984\u30101984 \u5e74 6 \u6708 28 \u65e5\uff0c\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u8fdb\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5dde\u4e1c\u533a\u8054\u90a6\u5730\u533a\u6cd5\u9662\u3011
\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aUPI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1984 \u5e74\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u6c11\u6743\u6848\u4ef6\u8ba4\u5b9a\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u72af\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9879\u7f6a\u540d\uff0c\u5e76\u5224\u5904\u4ed6 25 \u5e74\u76d1\u7981\uff1b \u5c3c\u8328\u7684\u4e24\u9879\u7f6a\u540d\u5747\u88ab\u5ba3\u544a\u65e0\u7f6a\u3002 1986 \u5e74\uff0c\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u7684\u5b9a\u7f6a\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\u2014\u2014\u8054\u90a6\u4e0a\u8bc9\u6cd5\u9662\u53d1\u73b0 ACJ \u7684\u4e00\u540d\u5f8b\u5e08\u5bf9\u8bc1\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e0d\u5f53\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\u9648\u7684\u670b\u53cb Jimmy Choi \u8d77\u521d\u652f\u6301 Ebens \u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u6ca1\u6709\u79cd\u65cf\u4ec7\u6068\u6216\u8fb1\u9a82\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9648\u6254\u4e86\u4e00\u628a\u6905\u5b50\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4 Nitz \u53d7\u4f24\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5728\u4f1a\u89c1 ACJ \u5f8b\u5e08\u540e\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5224\u51b3\u540e\uff0cACJ \u518d\u6b21\u52a8\u5458\u5411\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u65bd\u538b\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u8f9b\u8f9b\u90a3\u63d0\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5ba1\u3002 \u7f8e\u56fd\u5730\u533a\u6cd5\u5b98\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7\u8fea\u683c\u65af\u00b7\u6cf0\u52d2\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u56f4\u7ed5\u6b64\u6848\u7684\u201c\u5ba3\u4f20\u9971\u548c\u201d\uff0c\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5e95\u7279\u5f8b\u5927\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u201c\u516c\u5e73\u548c\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u201d\u3002 \u8fd9\u6b21\u5ba1\u5224\u7684\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u767d\u4eba\u548c\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6307\u63a7\u5747\u88ab\u65e0\u7f6a\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.3 \u6c11\u4e8b\u8bc9\u8bbc | Civil suits<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1987 \u5e74 3 \u6708\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u9648\u975e\u6cd5\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u6c11\u4e8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\u5728\u5ead\u5916\u548c\u89e3\u3002Michael Nitz \u88ab\u5224\u652f\u4ed8 50,000 \u7f8e\u5143\u3002 \u7f57\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u57c3\u672c\u65af (Ronald Ebens) \u88ab\u52d2\u4ee4\u652f\u4ed8 150 \u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u524d\u4e24\u5e74\u6bcf\u6708 200 \u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u652f\u4ed8\u5176\u6536\u5165\u7684 25% \u6216\u6bcf\u6708 200 \u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4ee5\u8f83\u9ad8\u8005\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002 \u8fd9\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u9648\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u804c\u4f4d\u7684\u9884\u8ba1\u6536\u5165\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca Lily Chin \u5931\u53bb Vincent \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u53f8\u673a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u79bb\u5f00\u8be5\u5dde\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e 1989 \u5e74\u505c\u6b62\u4ed8\u6b3e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1989 \u5e74 11 \u6708\uff0c\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u518d\u6b21\u51fa\u5ead\u53c2\u52a0\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u636e\u62a5\u9053\u627f\u8bfa\u507f\u8fd8\u6b20\u9648\u5bb6\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u57281997\u5e74\uff0c\u9648\u5bb6\u88ab\u8feb\u91cd\u65b0\u63d0\u8d77\u6c11\u4e8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u6bcf\u5341\u5e74\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u52a0\u4e0a\u5e94\u8ba1\u5229\u606f\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u8c03\u6574\u540e\u7684\u603b\u989d\u53d8\u4e3a 4,683,653.89 \u7f8e\u5143\u3002 \u57c3\u672c\u65af\u4e8e 2015 \u5e74\u5bfb\u6c42\u64a4\u9500\u5bf9\u5176\u623f\u5c4b\u7684\u7559\u7f6e\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u6848\u4ef6\u540e\u7eed | Aftermath and legacy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df
\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aChin’s mother, Lily
\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aChristine Choy and Renee Tajima-Pe\u00f1a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u9648\u679c\u4ec1\u88ab\u846c\u4e8e\u5e95\u7279\u5f8b<\/a>\u7684\u68ee\u6797\u8349\u576a\u516c\u5893\uff08Forest Lawn Cemetery\uff09[9]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u56de\u5fc6\u8d77\u8fd9\u8d77\u8c0b\u6740\u6848\uff0c\u9648\u679c\u4ec1\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u9648\u4f59\u743c\u82b3\u57281987\u5e749\u6708\u4ece\u6a61\u6811\u516c\u56ed\u642c\u56de\u4e86\u5979\u7684\u6545\u4e61\u5e7f\u5dde\u5e02<\/a>\u30022001\u5e74\u4e0b\u534a\u5e74\uff0c\u9648\u4f59\u743c\u82b3\u56e0\u75c5\u56de\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cbb\u7597\uff1b2002\u5e746\u67089\u65e5\uff0c\u5979\u75c5\u91cd\u4e0d\u6cbb\u3002\u5728\u5979\u53bb\u4e16\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9648\u4f59\u743c\u82b3\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9648\u679c\u4ec1\u7684\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\u5e76\u59d4\u6258\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u6b63\u4e49\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08American Citizens for Justice\uff09\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406[10]<\/a><\/sup>\u30022010\u5e74\uff0c\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5dde\u82ac\u4ee3\u5c14\u5e02\u5728\u4f0d\u5fb7\u6c83\u5fb7\u5927\u9053\u548c\u4e5d\u82f1\u91cc\u8def\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u53e3\u7ad6\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u4ee5\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9648\u88ab\u6740\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e9a\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5f15\u7528\u9648\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u6765\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u6c38\u8fdc\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u201d\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5219\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u516c\u6c11\u3002 \u9648\u4f59\u743c\u82b3 (Lily Chin) \u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u50cf\u52a8\u7269\u4e00\u6837\u88ab\u6bb4\u6253\uff0c\u800c\u51f6\u624b\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u5165\u72f1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8b\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c[\u57c3\u672c\u65af\u548c\u5c3c\u8328]\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u9001\u4e0a\u7535\u6905\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u201d\u96be\u9053\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5417\uff1f\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6740\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u767d\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5165\u72f1\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u88ab\u5224\u65e0\u671f\u5f92\u5211\u3002\u3002\u3002\u201d \u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u51fa\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u6b21\u88ad\u51fb\u88ab\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4ec7\u6068\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ec7\u6068\u72af\u7f6a\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e4b\u524d\u3002 \u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u6885\u6839\u00b7A\u00b7\u4f2f\u514b (Meghan A. Burke) \u5199\u9053\uff0c\u9648\u7684\u88ab\u6740\u4fc3\u4f7f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u6fc0\u8fdb\u8054\u76df\u548c\u5171\u540c\u7684\u6cdb\u4e9a\u88d4\u8ba4\u540c\u611f\u3002 \u6b64\u6848\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e9a\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u6743\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u52a0\u5f3a\u8054\u90a6\u5bf9\u4ec7\u6068\u72af\u7f6a\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u53f7\u53ec\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. \u7eaa\u5f55\u7247 | Documentaries<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u89c1\u3001\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u3001\u5ef6\u4f38\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee\uff08\u8fbd\u89c2\u7f51\u7ad9\uff09<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u53c2\u89c1\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u70b9\u51fb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[107,48,45,58,100],"tags":[155,101],"class_list":["post-3395","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-human-rights-related","category-fulltext","category-usa-and-canada","category-law","category-overseas-chinese","tag-155","tag-101"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3395","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3395"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3395\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3395"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3395"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3395"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}