{"id":3403,"date":"2024-06-21T23:11:13","date_gmt":"2024-06-21T15:11:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=3403"},"modified":"2025-01-31T09:54:56","modified_gmt":"2025-01-31T01:54:56","slug":"overseas-chinese-fulltext-zhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2024\/06\/21\/overseas-chinese-fulltext-zhen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba \/ Overseas Chinese – \uff08\u5168\u6587\uff09\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u878d\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u53c2\u89c1\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>\u3002
\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>\u3002
\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u5e76\u8865\u5145\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5408\u89c4\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u4e0a\u4f20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff08Wikipedia\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee<\/a>\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8bd1\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\u8fbd\u89c2\u6240\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u4e0e\u539f\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faaCC-BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/a>\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u56fe\u7247\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u8fbd\u89c2\uff1a\u201c\u8fbd\u89c2\u767e\u79d1\u642c\u8fd0\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae\u6c47\u603b<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

0. \u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0.1 \u6587\u5b57\u8bf4\u660e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba<\/strong>\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff1aOverseas Chinese[30]<\/a><\/sup> \u6216 Chinese diasporas[31]<\/a><\/sup>\uff09\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u534e\u4fa8\u548c\u534e\u4eba\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5[32]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u534e\u4fa8<\/strong>\u4e00\u8bcd\u666e\u904d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bc4\u5c45\u6d77\u5916\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba<\/a>\u7684\u79f0\u8c13[33]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u540e\u6307\u4fa8\u5c45<\/a>\u6d77\u5916\uff0c\u5177\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u56fd\u7c4d<\/a>\u6216\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u56fd\u7c4d<\/a>\u7684\u516c\u6c11<\/a>[34]<\/a><\/sup>[35]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u534e\u88d4<\/strong>\u6307\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4fa8\u5c45\u56fd\u56fd\u7c4d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba<\/strong>\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646<\/a>\u65b9\u9762[\u6ce8 1]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u51fa\u5883\u5165\u5883\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5b9a\u5c45\u5883\u5916\u7684\u534e\u4fa8\u5e94\u5f53\u6ce8\u9500\u6237\u53e3<\/a>[\u6ce8 2]<\/a><\/sup>[36]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u534e\u4fa8<\/a>\u52a0\u5165\u6216\u53d6\u5f97\u4f4f\u5728\u56fd\u56fd\u7c4d\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u56fd\u7c4d<\/a>[37]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u5916\u7c4d\u534e\u4eba[35]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u534e\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u5f3a\u8c03\u56fd\u7c4d\u6216\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5185\u6db5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u534e\u4fa8\u3001\u534e\u4eba\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u6df7\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba\u201d\u4e4b\u7efc\u5408\u79f0\u8c13\u3002\u5728\u53f0\u6e7e<\/a>\u65b9\u9762[38]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b<\/a>\u4e0d\u5426\u8ba4\u53cc\u91cd\u56fd\u7c4d<\/a>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11<\/a>\u52a0\u5165\u6216\u53d6\u5f97\u4f4f\u5728\u56fd\u56fd\u7c4d\u4ecd\u53ef\u4fdd\u7559\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u56fd\u7c4d<\/a>\uff0c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u534e\u4fa8[39]<\/a><\/sup>\u6216\u53f0\u4fa8<\/a>[40]<\/a><\/sup>[41]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u4fa8\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4ee5\u201c\u4e2d\u6027\u5305\u5bb9\u201d\u4e3a\u7531\u4e8e2018\u5e74\u5728\u884c\u653f\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e2d\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u4fa8\u6c11\u201d\u6765\u53d6\u4ee3\u201c\u534e\u4fa8\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u4fa8\u793e\u6765\u4f4f\u65f6\u4ecd\u7ef4\u6301\u201c\u534e\u4fa8\u201d\u79f0\u547c[42]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u4fa8\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u4e24\u5cb8\u4e09\u5730\u4ee5\u5916\u4e4b\u6240\u6709\u65c5\u5c45\u6d77\u5916\u7684\u534e\u4eba\uff08\u5305\u542b\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u79fb\u6c11\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u4ee3\uff09\u201d[43]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce81\uff08\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6ce8\uff09\uff1a\u9999\u6e2f\u3001\u6fb3\u95e8\u5c45\u6c11\u56e0\u4e00\u56fd\u4e24\u5236<\/a>\u53ef\u6709\u53cc\u91cd\u56fd\u7c4d<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u53f2<\/a>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6eaf\u52302000\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u3002\u660e\u6e05\u4e24\u671d\u6267\u884c\u201c\u6d77\u7981<\/a>\u201d\uff0c\u51fa\u6d0b\u8c0b\u751f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u88ab\u671d\u5ef7\u51a0\u4ee5\u201c\u9003\u6c11\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7f6a\u6c11\u201d\u7b49\u7684\u6d88\u6781\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u534e\u4fa8\u3002\u6d0b\u52a1\u8fd0\u52a8<\/a>\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u5bf9\u534e\u4fa8\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u5f00\u59cb\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u5728\u521b\u7acb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4fa8\u7684\u9f0e\u529b\u76f8\u52a9\u548c\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u534e\u4fa8\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u53ca\u5f62\u8c61\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002[44]<\/a><\/sup>\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d<\/a>\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u6709\u6d77\u5916\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u88ab\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u53c8\u88ab\u51a0\u4ee5\u201c\u7279\u52a1\u201d\u3001\u201c\u91cc\u901a\u5916\u5408\u201d\u7b49\u7f6a\u540d\uff0c\u4e5f\u632b\u4f24\u4e86\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u6b67\u89c6\u3001\u6253\u51fb\u548c\u8feb\u5bb3\u3002\u62e8\u4e71\u53cd\u6b63\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u505a\u51fa\u91cd\u5927\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u6570\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u653f\u7ecf\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u5747\u7531\u6240\u6062\u590d\u63d0\u5347[45]<\/a><\/sup>[46]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89<\/a>\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u79fb\u5c45\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u8fbe\u5230100\u4e07\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u79fb\u5c45\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5df2\u8fbe1,000\u4e07\u4eba\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u52301949\u5e74\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>\u6210\u7acb\u65f6\uff0c\u79fb\u5c45\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u8fbe\u52301300\u591a\u4e07\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4fa8\u3001\u534e\u4eba\u5df2\u8fbe\u6570\u5343\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u534e\u4fa8\u7ea6\u536010%\u3001\u5916\u7c4d\u534e\u4eba\u7ea6\u536090%\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u4e94\u5927\u6d32160\u591a\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u548c\u6b27\u7f8e\u5c45\u591a\u3002[37]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

0.2 \u6570\u91cf\u53ca\u5206\u5e03<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae
\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aMap of the Chinese people around the world. (The map might include people with Chineses ancestries or citizenship)<\/sup>   China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau(in black)
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5168\u7403\u534e\u4eba\u5730\u56fe\u3002\uff08\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u8840\u7edf\u6216\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4eba\uff09 \u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u53f0\u6e7e\u3001\u9999\u6e2f\u548c\u6fb3\u95e8\uff08\u56fe\u4e2d\u9ed1\u8272\u533a\u57df\uff09
\u56fe\u4e2d\u989c\u8272\u7531\u6df1\u81f3\u6d45\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u534e\u4eba\u4eba\u53e3\u6570\uff1a+ 1,000,000   + 100,000   + 10,000   + 1,000
\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aAllice Hunter<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u6d77\u5916\u83ef\u4eba \/ \u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u6d77\u5916\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba \/ \u6d77\u5916\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba<\/th><\/tr>
<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Total population\u3010\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u3011<\/th><\/tr>
60,000,000<\/strong>[1]<\/a><\/sup>[2]<\/a><\/sup>[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u30106\u5343\u4e07\u4eba\uff082021\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Regions with significant populations\u3010\u4eba\u53e3\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u5730\u533a\u3011<\/th><\/tr>
Thailand\u3010\u6cf0\u56fd\u3011<\/th>9,392,792<\/a> (2012)[4]<\/a><\/sup>\u3010939\u4e07\uff082012\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Malaysia\u3010\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u3011<\/th>6,884,800<\/a> (2022)[5]<\/a><\/sup>\u3010688\u4e07\uff082022\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
United States\u3010\u7f8e\u56fd\u3011<\/th>5,400,000<\/a> (2019)[6]<\/a><\/sup>\u3010540\u4e07\uff082019\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Indonesia\u3010\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u3011<\/th>2,832,510<\/a> (2010)[7]<\/a><\/sup>\u3010283\u4e07\uff082010\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Singapore\u3010\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u3011<\/th>2,675,521<\/a> (2020)[8]<\/a><\/sup>\u3010267\u4e07\uff082020\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Myanmar\u3010\u7f05\u7538\u3011<\/th>1,725,794<\/a> (2011)[9]<\/a><\/sup>\u3010172\u4e07\uff082011\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Canada\u3010\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3011<\/th>1,715,770<\/a> (2021)[10]<\/a><\/sup>\u3010171\u4e07\uff082021\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Australia\u3010\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u3011<\/th>1,390,639<\/a> (2021)[11]<\/a><\/sup>\u3010139\u4e07\uff082021\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Philippines\u3010\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u3011<\/th>1,350,000<\/a> (2013)[12]<\/a><\/sup>\u3010135\u4e07\uff082013\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
South Korea\u3010\u97e9\u56fd\/\u5357\u671d\u9c9c\u3011<\/th>1,070,566<\/a> (2018)[13]<\/a><\/sup>\u3010107\u4e07\uff082018\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Vietnam\u3010\u8d8a\u5357\u3011<\/th>749,466<\/a> (2019)[14]<\/a><\/sup>\u301074\u4e07\uff082019\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Japan\u3010\u65e5\u672c\u3011<\/th>744,551<\/a> (2022)[15]<\/a><\/sup>\u301074\u4e07\uff082022\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Russia\u3010\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u3011<\/th>447,200<\/a> (2011)[9]<\/a><\/sup>\u301044\u4e07\uff082011\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
France\u3010\u6cd5\u56fd\u3011<\/th>441,750<\/a> (2011)[9]<\/a><\/sup>\u301044\u4e07\uff082011\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
United Kingdom\u3010\u82f1\u56fd\u3011<\/th>433,150<\/a> (2011)[16]<\/a><\/sup>\u301043\u4e07\uff082011\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Italy\u3010\u610f\u5927\u5229\u3011<\/th>330,495<\/a> (2020)[17]<\/a><\/sup>\u301033\u4e07\uff082020\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Brazil\u3010\u5df4\u897f\u3011<\/th>252,250<\/a> (2011)[9]<\/a><\/sup>\u301025\u4e07\uff082011\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
New Zealand\u3010\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u3011<\/th>247,770<\/a> (2018)[18]<\/a><\/sup>\u301024\u4e07\uff082018\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Germany\u3010\u5fb7\u56fd\u3011<\/th>217,000<\/a> (2023)[19]<\/a><\/sup>\u301021\u4e07\uff082023\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Laos\u3010\u8001\u631d\u3011<\/th>176,490<\/a> (2011)[9]<\/a><\/sup>\u301017\u4e07\uff082011\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Cambodia\u3010\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u3011<\/th>147,020<\/a> (2011)[9]<\/a><\/sup>\u301014\u4e07\uff082011\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Spain\u3010\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u3011<\/th>140,620<\/a> (2011)[9]<\/a><\/sup>\u301014\u4e07\uff082011\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Panama\u3010\u5df4\u62ff\u9a6c\u3011<\/th>135,960<\/a> (2011)[9]<\/a><\/sup>\u301014\u4e07\uff082011\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
India\u3010\u5370\u5ea6\u3011<\/th>200,000<\/a> (2023)[9]<\/a><\/sup>\u301020\u4e07\uff082023\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Netherlands\u3010\u8377\u5170\u3011<\/th>111,450<\/a> (2011)[9]<\/a><\/sup>\u301011\u4e07\uff082011\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
South Africa\u3010\u5357\u975e\u3011<\/th>110,220\u2013400,000<\/a> (2011)[9]<\/a><\/sup>[20]<\/a><\/sup>\u301011\u4e07~40\u4e07\uff082011\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
United Arab Emirates\u3010\u963f\u8054\u914b\u3011<\/th>109,500<\/a> (2011)[9]<\/a><\/sup>\u301011\u4e07\uff082011\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Saudi Arabia\u3010\u6c99\u7279\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u3011<\/th>14,619 (2022 census) [21]<\/a><\/sup>[22]<\/a><\/sup>\u30101.5\u4e07\uff082022\u5e74\u666e\u67e5\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Brunei\u3010\u6587\u83b1\u3011<\/th>42,132<\/a> (2021)[23]<\/a><\/sup>\u30104.2\u4e07\uff082021\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Mauritius\u3010\u6bdb\u91cc\u6c42\u65af\u3011<\/th>26,000\u201339,000<\/a>\u30102.6\u4e07~3.9\u4e07\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Reunion\u3010\u6cd5\u5c5e\u7559\u5c3c\u6c6a\u3011<\/th>25,000<\/a> (2000)\u30102.5\u4e07\uff082000\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Mexico\u3010\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u3011<\/th>24,489<\/a> (2019)\u30102.4\u4e07\uff082019\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Papua New Guinea
\u3010\u5df4\u5e03\u4e9a\u65b0\u51e0\u5185\u4e9a\u3011<\/th>		20,000<\/a> (2008)[24]<\/a><\/sup>\u30102\u4e07\uff082008\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Ireland\u3010\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u3011<\/th>19,447<\/a> (2016)\u30101.9\u4e07\uff082016\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Bangladesh\u3010\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u56fd\u3011<\/th>7,500<\/td><\/tr>
Timor Leste\u3010\u4e1c\u5e1d\u6c76\u3011<\/th>4,000-20,000<\/a> (2021)\u30100.4~2\u4e07\uff082021\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Languages<\/th><\/tr>
Chinese<\/a>\u3010\u6c49\u8bed\/\u534e\u8bed\/\u4e2d\u6587\u3011
Cantonese<\/a>\u3010\u7ca4\u8bed\/\u5e7f\u5dde\u8bdd\u3011
Hokkien<\/a>\u3010\u95fd\u5357\u8bed\u3011
Hakka<\/a>\u3010\u5ba2\u8bed\/\u5ba2\u5bb6\u8bdd\u3011
Teochew<\/a>\u3010\u6f6e\u8bed\/\u6f6e\u6c55\u8bdd\u3011
Hainanese<\/a>\u3010\u6d77\u5357\u8bdd\uff08\u95fd\u8bed\u5206\u652f\uff09\u3011
Taishanese<\/a>\u3010\u53f0\u5c71\u8bdd\u3011
etc\u3010\u5176\u4ed6\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Religion\u3010\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3011<\/th><\/tr>
Atheism<\/a>\u3010\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u3011
Agnosticism<\/a>\u3010\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u8bba\u3011
Taoism<\/a>\u3010\u9053\u6559\u3011
Buddhism<\/a>\u3010\u4f5b\u6559\u3011
Christianity<\/a>\u3010\u57fa\u7763\u5b97\u6559\u3011
Islam<\/a>[25]<\/a><\/sup>\u3010\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u3011
Other\u3010\u5176\u4ed6\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Related ethnic groups\u3010\u76f8\u5173\u65cf\u7fa4\u3011<\/th><\/tr>
Chinese people<\/a>\u3010\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u3011<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u4e3b\u8981\u751f\u6d3b\u4e8e\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a<\/a>\u3001\u6b27\u6d32<\/a>\u3001\u5317\u7f8e\u5730\u533a<\/a>\u3002\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a<\/a>\u56e0\u90bb\u8fd1\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002\u5f53\u5730\u4e3a\u76f8\u5bf9\u591a\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u65b0\u52a0\u5761<\/a>\u53ca\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u4e3a\u76f8\u5bf9\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a<\/a>\u3001\u6cf0\u56fd<\/a>\u3001\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe<\/a>\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a<\/a>\u4e0e\u8d8a\u5357<\/a>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\uff0c\u53c8\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5357\u6d0b\u534e\u4fa8\u3001\u5357\u4fa8\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u798f\u5efa<\/a>\u4e0e\u5e7f\u4e1c<\/a>\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u534e\u4fa8\u7ea6\u536010%\u3001\u5404\u56fd\u7c4d\u534e\u4eba\u7ea6\u536090%\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u4e94\u5927\u6d32160\u591a\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u533a[66]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u534e\u4eba\u7ea6\u5360\u603b\u6570\u768450%\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u7f8e\u6d3214.4%\uff0c\u6b27\u6d324.1%\uff0c\u5927\u6d0b\u6d321.7%\uff0c\u4e1c\u4e9a0.3%\uff0c\u975e\u6d320.3%\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u4fa8\u60c5\u62a5\u544a(2020)\u300b\u84dd\u76ae\u4e66\u79f0\uff0c\u5b9a\u5c45\u7f8e\u56fd<\/a>\u7684\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba\u6570\u91cf\u8fbe508\u4e07\uff0c\u65e5\u672c<\/a>\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba\u6570\u91cf\u7a81\u7834100\u4e07\u3002\u610f\u5927\u5229\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba\u6570\u91cf\u6301\u7eed\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u5c24\u4ee5\u6d59\u6c5f<\/a>\u7c4d\u4fa8\u80de\u4e3a\u591a\u3002\u622a\u6b62\u52302018\u5e74\u610f\u5927\u5229<\/a>\u6709\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba\u7ea630\u4e07\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259<\/a>\u534e\u4eba\u7ea619\u4e07\u3002\u800c\u57282018\u5e74\u6709\u7ea67000\u534e\u4fa8\u9886\u5230\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd<\/a>\u7b7e\u53d1\u7684\u201c\u6b27\u76df\u84dd\u5361<\/a>\u201d\u3002[67]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u665a\u6e05\u81f3\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u524d\u5f80\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a<\/a>\u548c\u5317\u7f8e\u5730\u533a<\/a>\u30021940\u5e74\u4ee3\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4fa8\u67091,100\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d100\u4e07\u5206\u6563\u5728\u6b27\u7f8e\u5404\u6d32\uff0c\u67091,000\u4e07\u5206\u6563\u5728\u5357\u6d0b\u7fa4\u5c9b\uff0c\u800c\u8fd91,000\u4e07\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ea6\u6709\u516d\u4e03\u767e\u4e07\u662f\u5e7f\u4e1c\u4eba\uff0c\u5047\u5b9a\u5e7f\u4e1c\u4ee53,000\u4e07\u4eba\u53e3\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e94\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e2d\u5c31\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u534e\u4fa8[68]<\/a><\/sup>\uff1b\u60df\u800c\u4eca\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u603b\u6570\u7ea6\u4e3a\u4e94\u5343\u4e07\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u5c1a\u53ef\u81ea\u7531\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u5176\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u6d41\u52a8\u505c\u6ede\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e<\/a>\uff0c\u81ea1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u6c11\u4f17\u79fb\u6c11\u673a\u4f1a\u589e\u591a\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6536\u5165\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8d44\u52a0\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u79fb\u6c11\u4eba\u6570\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u5317\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u4eba\u53e3\u7a00\u5c11\u7684\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u4e5f\u6210\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u70ed\u95e8\u79fb\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u76f8\u5bf9\u8fd1\u4e14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u4e5f\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u800c\u524d\u5f80\u9065\u8fdc\u975e\u6d32\u3001\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\uff08\u5982\u5df4\u897f\uff09\u7684\u4e5f\u5728\u6709\u6240\u589e\u591a[69]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u52a0\u6fb3\u65b0\u56db\u56fd\u534e\u4eba\u4eba\u53e3\u90fd\u4f1a\u533a\u6392\u540d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u6570\u636e\u4e3a2015\u5e74\u8d44\u6599[91]<\/a><\/sup>[92]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u6570\u636e\u4e3a2016\u5e74\u4f30\u7b97\u8d44\u6599[93]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u4e3a2013\u5e74\u666e\u67e5\u6570\u636e[94]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e3a2016\u5e74\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e[95]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u90fd\u4f1a\u533a\u4e3b\u57ce\u5e02<\/th>\u534e\u88d4\u4eba\u53e3<\/th>\u6240\u5360\u6bd4\u4f8b<\/th>\u6240\u5c5e\u56fd<\/th><\/tr>
\u7ebd\u7ea6<\/a><\/td>739,144<\/td>3.7%<\/td>\"\" \u7f8e\u56fd<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u591a\u4f26\u591a<\/a><\/td>631,045<\/td>10.8%<\/td>\"\" \u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6<\/a><\/td>528,248<\/td>4.0%<\/td>\"\" \u7f8e\u56fd<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u6089\u5c3c<\/a><\/td>488,102<\/td>10.1%<\/td>\"\" \u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u6e29\u54e5\u534e<\/a><\/td>474,655<\/td>19.6%<\/td>\"\" \u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71<\/a><\/td>460,252<\/td>10.2%<\/td>\"\" \u7f8e\u56fd<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u58a8\u5c14\u672c<\/a><\/td>356,530<\/td>7.9%<\/td>\"\" \u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u5723\u8377\u897f<\/a><\/td>169,026<\/td>8.8%<\/td>\"\" \u7f8e\u56fd<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f<\/a><\/td>133,241<\/td>2.8%<\/td>\"\" \u7f8e\u56fd<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u5965\u514b\u5170<\/a><\/td>112,290<\/td>6.8%<\/td>\"\" \u65b0\u897f\u5170<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u829d\u52a0\u54e5<\/a><\/td>109,046<\/td>1.1%<\/td>\"\" \u7f8e\u56fd<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u534e\u5e9c<\/a><\/td>105,462<\/td>1.8%<\/td>\"\" \u7f8e\u56fd<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u5e03\u91cc\u65af\u672c<\/a><\/td>99,632<\/td>4.4%<\/td>\"\" \u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u73c0\u65af<\/a><\/td>99,293<\/td>5.1%<\/td>\"\" \u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u897f\u96c5\u56fe<\/a><\/td>98,949<\/td>2.7%<\/td>\"\" \u7f8e\u56fd<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u5361\u52a0\u5229<\/a><\/td>89,670<\/td>6.5%<\/td>\"\" \u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u4f11\u58eb\u987f<\/a><\/td>86,246<\/td>1.4%<\/td>\"\" \u7f8e\u56fd<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u8499\u7279\u5229\u5c14<\/a><\/td>85,925<\/td>2.2%<\/td>\"\" \u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u8d39\u57ce<\/a><\/td>82,487<\/td>1.4%<\/td>\"\" \u7f8e\u56fd<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u6c99\u52a0\u7f05\u5ea6<\/a><\/td>61,203<\/td>2.8%<\/td>\"\" \u7f8e\u56fd<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u57c3\u5fb7\u8499\u987f<\/a><\/td>60,200<\/td>4.6%<\/td>\"\" \u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u8fbe\u62c9\u65af<\/a><\/td>57,325<\/td>0.8%<\/td>\"\" \u7f8e\u56fd<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u5723\u5730\u7259\u54e5<\/a><\/td>56,751<\/td>1.8%<\/td>\"\" \u7f8e\u56fd<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u6a80\u9999\u5c71<\/a><\/td>53,119<\/td>5.4%<\/td>\"\" \u7f8e\u56fd<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u6cb3\u6ee8\u5e02<\/a><\/td>51,628<\/td>1.2%<\/td>\"\" \u7f8e\u56fd<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u963f\u5fb7\u83b1\u5fb7<\/a><\/td>50,247<\/td>3.9%<\/td>\"\" \u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u4e9a\u7279\u5170\u5927<\/a><\/td>46,859<\/td>0.8%<\/td>\"\" \u7f8e\u56fd<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u6e25\u592a\u534e<\/a><\/td>43,775<\/td>3.4%<\/td>\"\" \u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u8fc8\u963f\u5bc6<\/a><\/td>34,210<\/td>0.6%<\/td>\"\" \u7f8e\u56fd<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u6ce2\u7279\u5170<\/a><\/td>31,533<\/td>1.4%<\/td>\"\" \u7f8e\u56fd<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u62c9\u65af\u7ef4\u52a0\u65af<\/a><\/td>30,329<\/td>1.5%<\/td>\"\" \u7f8e\u56fd<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u51e4\u51f0\u57ce<\/a><\/td>28,550<\/td>0.6%<\/td>\"\" \u7f8e\u56fd<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u660e\u5c3c\u963f\u6ce2\u5229\u65af<\/a><\/td>24,721<\/td>0.7%<\/td>\"\" \u7f8e\u56fd<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u5e95\u7279\u5f8b<\/a><\/td>24,524<\/td>0.6%<\/td>\"\" \u7f8e\u56fd<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u5df4\u5c14\u7684\u6469<\/a><\/td>24,092<\/td>0.9%<\/td>\"\" \u7f8e\u56fd<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u574e\u4eac<\/a><\/td>22,486<\/td>5.7%<\/td>\"\" \u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u5965\u65af\u6c40<\/a><\/td>20,182<\/td>1.1%<\/td>\"\" \u7f8e\u56fd<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1. \u5b9a\u4e49\uff08\u4e2d\u6587\uff09| Terminology<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u534e\u201d\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u53e4\u79f0\uff0c\u201c\u534e\u4eba\u201d\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u524d\u662f\u6307\u6c49\u65cf\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u72ed\u4e49\u4e0a\u6307\u6c49\u65cf\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e49\u5219\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u4e0e\u6c49\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u4eba[47]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u3001\u534e\u4fa8\u6709\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b<\/a>\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba<\/a>\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u4e5f\u6709\u6240\u533a\u522b[48]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u52301980\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6709\u5c06\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2d\u56fd\u90bb\u56fd\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf<\/a>\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u7ea6570\u4e07\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba\u76ee\u524d\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u533a\u3002[49]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hu\u00e1qi\u00e1o<\/em><\/strong> (simplified Chinese<\/a>: \u534e\u4fa8; traditional Chinese<\/a>: \u83ef\u50d1) or Hoan-kheh<\/em> (Chinese<\/a>: \u756a\u5ba2; Pe\u030dh-\u014de-j\u012b<\/a>: Hoan-kheh<\/em>) in Hokkien<\/a>, refers to people of Chinese citizenship residing outside of either the PRC<\/a> or ROC (Taiwan)<\/a>. The government of China realized that the overseas Chinese could be an asset, a source of foreign investment and a bridge to overseas knowledge; thus, it began to recognize the use of the term Huaqiao.[33]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u534e\u4fa8\uff08\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u534e\u4fa8\uff1b\u7e41\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u83ef\u50d1\uff09\u6216 Hoan-kheh\uff08\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u756a\u5ba2\uff1b\u767d\u8bdd\uff1aHoan-kheh\uff09\u5728\u95fd\u5357\u8bed\u4e2d\u6307\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u6216\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\uff08\u53f0\u6e7e\uff09\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u7b14\u8d44\u4ea7\u3001\u5916\u56fd\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u548c\u901a\u5f80\u6d77\u5916\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6865\u6881\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u5f00\u59cb\u627f\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528\u534e\u4fa8\u4e00\u8bcd\u3002[33]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ching-Sue Kuik renders hu\u00e1qi\u00e1o<\/em> in English as “the Chinese sojourner<\/a>” and writes that the term is “used to disseminate, reinforce, and perpetuate a monolithic and essentialist Chinese identity” by both the PRC and the ROC.[34]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u90ed\u666f\u8083\u5c06\u201c\u534e\u4fa8\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u6587\u201cthe Chinese sojourner\u201d\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u65c5\u5c45\u8005\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u548c\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u672f\u8bed\u201c\u6765\u4f20\u64ad\u3001\u5f3a\u5316\u548c\u5ef6\u7eed\u5355\u4e00\u800c\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u201d\u3002[34]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.1 \u534e\u4fa8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u4fa8\u201d\u662f\u5bc4\u5c45\u3001\u5ba2\u5c45\u4e4b\u610f\u30021878\u5e74\uff0c\u6e05\u9a7b\u7f8e\u4f7f\u81e3\u9648\u5170\u5f6c<\/a>\u5728\u594f\u7ae0<\/a>\u4e2d\u628a\u5bd3\u5c45\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba<\/a>\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4fa8\u6c11<\/a>\u201d\u30021883\u5e74\u90d1\u89c2\u5e94<\/a>\u5728\u7ed9\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0<\/a>\u7684\u594f\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u201c\u534e\u4fa8\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u30021904\u5e74\uff0c\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u5916\u52a1\u90e8\u5728\u4e00\u4efd\u594f\u8bf7\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u7684\u6298\u5b50\u91cc\u63d0\u5230\u201c\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u8bbe\u9886\uff0c\u7ecf\u8d39\u652f\u51fa\u65e0\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u534e\u4fa8\u53d7\u76ca\u751a\u5927\u3002\u201d\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u534e\u4fa8\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u5c31\u666e\u904d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bc4\u5c45\u6d77\u5916\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u88d4\u7684\u79f0\u8c13\u4e86\u3002[32]<\/a><\/sup>[33]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2 \u534e\u4eba<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u534e\u4eba<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u534e\u4eba\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff1aEthnic Chinese\uff09\u9664\u4e86\u6cdb\u6307\u5177\u6709\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u8840\u7edf\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u7279\u6307\u65c5\u5c45\u6d77\u5916\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u7c4d<\/a>\uff08\u5927\u6e05\u56fd\u7c4d<\/a>\u3001\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u56fd\u7c4d<\/a>\u6216\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u56fd\u7c4d<\/a>\uff09\u7684\u534e\u88d4\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u5916\u7c4d\u534e\u4eba<\/a><\/strong>\u6216\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5370\u5c3c\u534e\u4eba<\/a>\u3001\u6cf0\u56fd\u534e\u4eba<\/a>\u3001\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u534e\u4eba<\/a>\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u534e\u4eba<\/a>\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u534e\u4eba<\/a>\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u534e\u4eba<\/a>\u7b49\u3002\u534e\u88d4\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff1aOverseas Chinese Descendants\uff09\u6307\u534e\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u534e\u4fa8\u5728\u6d77\u5916\uff08\u975e\u7956\u7c4d<\/a>\u56fd\uff09\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 3.0\u534f\u8bae
\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u7ebd\u7ea6<\/a>\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u6797\u534e\u57e0<\/a>
\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aEric R. Bechtold<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 3.0\u534f\u8bae
\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1a\u65e5\u672c<\/a>\u6a2a\u6ee8\u534e\u57e0<\/a>
\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aAimaimyi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1.3 \u5176\u4ed6\u672f\u8bed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The modern informal internet term haigui<\/a><\/em><\/strong> (simplified Chinese<\/a>: \u6d77\u5f52; traditional Chinese<\/a>: \u6d77\u6b78) refers to returned overseas Chinese and gu\u012bqi\u00e1o qi\u00e1oju\u00e0n<\/em> (simplified Chinese<\/a>: \u5f52\u4fa8\u4fa8\u7737; traditional Chinese<\/a>: \u6b78\u50d1\u50d1\u7737) to their returning relatives.[35]<\/a>[clarification needed<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7edc\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7528\u8bed\u201c\u6d77\u5f52\u201d\uff08\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u6d77\u5f52\uff1b\u7e41\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u6d77\u6b78\uff09\u662f\u6307\u7559\u5b66\u56de\u56fd\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u5f52\u4fa8\u4fa8\u7737\u201d\uff08\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u5f52\u4fa8\u4fa8\u7737\uff1b\u7e41\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u6b78\u50d1\u50d1\u7737\uff09\u5219\u6307\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7559\u5b66\u5f52\u56fd\u4eba\u5458\u53ca\u5176\u56de\u56fd\u540e\u7684\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u3002[35][\u9700\u6f84\u6e05]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hu\u00e1y\u00ec<\/em><\/strong> (simplified Chinese<\/a>: \u534e\u88d4; traditional Chinese<\/a>: \u83ef\u88d4; Pe\u030dh-\u014de-j\u012b<\/a>: H\u00f4a-\u00e8<\/em>) refers to people of Chinese origin residing outside of China, regardless of citizenship.[36]<\/a><\/sup> Another often-used term is \u6d77\u5916\u83ef\u4eba (H\u01ceiw\u00e0i Hu\u00e1r\u00e9n) or simply \u83ef\u4eba\/\u534e\u4eba (Hu\u00e1r\u00e9n) in Mandarin<\/a>. It is often used by the Government of the People’s Republic of China<\/a> to refer to people of Chinese ethnicities who live outside the PRC, regardless of citizenship (they can become citizens of the country outside China by naturalization).
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u201c\u534e\u88d4\u201d\u662f\u6307\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee5\u5916\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5176\u56fd\u7c4d\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u8840\u7edf\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u662f\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u6216\u7b80\u79f0\u534e\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u534e\u4eba\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7528\u6765\u6307\u4ee3\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5177\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u8840\u7edf\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5176\u56fd\u7c4d\u5982\u4f55\uff08\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5165\u7c4d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee5\u5916\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u516c\u6c11\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Overseas Chinese who are ethnic Han Chinese<\/a>, such as Cantonese<\/a>, Hokchew<\/a>, Hokkien<\/a>, Hakka<\/a> or Teochew<\/a> refer to themselves as \u5510\u4eba (T\u00e1ngr\u00e9n), pronounced T\u00f2hng y\u00e0n<\/em> in Cantonese<\/a>, Toung ning<\/em> in Hokchew<\/a>, Tn\u0302g-l\u00e2ng<\/em> in Hokkien<\/a> and Tong nyin<\/em> in Hakka<\/a>. Literally, it means Tang people<\/em>, a reference to Tang dynasty<\/a> China when it was ruling. This term is commonly used by the Cantonese<\/a>, Hokchew<\/a>, Hakka<\/a> and Hokkien<\/a> as a colloquial reference to the Chinese people and has little relevance to the ancient dynasty. For example, in the early 1850s when Chinese shops opened on Sacramento St. in San Francisco<\/a>, California<\/a>, United States<\/a>, the Chinese emigrants, mainly from the Pearl River Delta<\/a> west of Canton<\/a>, called it Tang People Street<\/em> (Chinese<\/a>: \u5510\u4eba\u8857; pinyin<\/a>: T\u00e1ngr\u00e9n Ji\u0113<\/em>)[37]<\/a>[38]<\/a>:\u200a13\u200a<\/sup> and the settlement became known as Tang People Town<\/em> (Chinese<\/a>: \u5510\u4eba\u57e0; pinyin<\/a>: T\u00e1ngr\u00e9n B\u00f9<\/em>) or Chinatown, which in Cantonese is Tong Yun Fow<\/em>.[38]<\/a>:\u200a9\u201340\u200a<\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u4e2d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6c49\u65cf\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5e7f\u5e9c\u4eba\u3001\u798f\u6e05\u4eba\u3001\u95fd\u5357\u4eba\u3001\u5ba2\u5bb6\u4eba\u6216\u6f6e\u5dde\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5510\u4eba\u201d\uff08T\u00e1ngr\u00e9n\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7ca4\u8bed\u4e2d\u53d1\u97f3\u4e3aT\u00f2hng y\u00e0n\uff0c\u798f\u6e05\u8bdd\u4e2d\u4e3aToung ning\uff0c\u95fd\u5357\u8bed\u8bfb\u4f5cTn\u0302g-l\u00e2ng\uff0c\u5ba2\u5bb6\u8bdd\u5219\u662fTong nyin\u3002\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5510\u671d\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u5f3a\u76db\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u79f0\u547c\u5e38\u88ab\u7ca4\u8bed\u3001\u798f\u6e05\u8bdd\u3001\u5ba2\u5bb6\u8bdd\u53ca\u95fd\u5357\u8bed\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u53e3\u8bed\u5316\u79f0\u8c13\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0e\u5510\u671d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u4ee3\u5173\u8054\u4e0d\u5927\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e97\u94fa\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u7684\u8428\u514b\u62c9\u95e8\u6258\u8857\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u5e7f\u5dde\u897f\u8fb9\u73e0\u6c5f\u4e09\u89d2\u6d32\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u5c06\u5176\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5510\u4eba\u8857\u201d\uff08Chinese: \u5510\u4eba\u8857; pinyin: T\u00e1ngr\u00e9n Ji\u0113\uff09[37][38]:\u200a13\u200a\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u7247\u805a\u5c45\u533a\u968f\u4e4b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5510\u4eba\u57e0\u201d\uff08Chinese: \u5510\u4eba\u57e0; pinyin: T\u00e1ngr\u00e9n B\u00f9\uff09\u6216\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u57ce\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u7ca4\u8bed\u4e2d\u5373\u4e3aTong Yun Fow[38]:\u200a9\u201340\u200a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The term sh\u01ceosh\u00f9 m\u00ednz\u00fa<\/em><\/strong> (simplified Chinese<\/a>: \u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf; traditional Chinese<\/a>: \u5c11\u6578\u6c11\u65cf) is added to the various terms for the overseas Chinese to indicate those who would be considered ethnic minorities in China<\/a>. The terms sh\u01ceosh\u00f9 m\u00ednz\u00fa hu\u00e1qi\u00e1o hu\u00e1r\u00e9n<\/em><\/strong> and sh\u01ceosh\u00f9 m\u00ednz\u00fa h\u01ceiw\u00e0i qi\u00e1ob\u0101o<\/em><\/strong> (simplified Chinese<\/a>: \u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u80de; traditional Chinese<\/a>: \u5c11\u6578\u6c11\u65cf\u6d77\u5916\u50d1\u80de) are all in usage. The Overseas Chinese Affairs Office<\/a> of the PRC does not distinguish between Han and ethnic minority populations for official policy purposes.[35]<\/a><\/sup> For example, members of the Tibetan people<\/a> may travel to China on passes granted to certain people of Chinese descent.[39]<\/a><\/sup> Various estimates of the Chinese emigrant minority population include 3.1 million (1993),[40]<\/a><\/sup> 3.4 million (2004),[41]<\/a><\/sup> 5.7 million (2001, 2010),[42]<\/a>[43]<\/a><\/sup> or approximately one tenth of all Chinese emigrants (2006, 2011).[44]<\/a>[45]<\/a><\/sup> Cross-border ethnic groups (\u8de8\u5883\u6c11\u65cf, ku\u00e0j\u00ecng m\u00ednz\u00fa<\/em>) are not considered Chinese emigrant minorities unless they left China after<\/em> the establishment of an independent state on China’s border.[35]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u201c\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u672f\u8bed\u4f1a\u88ab\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u79f0\u8c13\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6807\u8bc6\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u8bf8\u5982\u201c\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u80de\u201d\uff08\u7b80\u5316\u5b57\uff1a\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u80de\uff1b\u7e41\u4f53\u5b57\uff1a\u5c11\u6578\u6c11\u65cf\u6d77\u5916\u50d1\u80de\uff09\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u5747\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u4fa8\u52a1\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u5728\u5b98\u65b9\u653f\u7b56\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u6c49\u65cf\u4e0e\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u7fa4\u3002[35]\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u85cf\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u53ef\u80fd\u51ed\u636e\u7ed9\u4e88\u67d0\u4e9b\u534e\u88d4\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u901a\u884c\u8bc1\u524d\u5f80\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002[39]\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6d77\u5916\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u534e\u4eba\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4f30\u7b97\u5305\u62ec\u4e86310\u4e07\uff081993\u5e74\uff09\uff0c[40]340\u4e07\uff082004\u5e74\uff09\uff0c[41]570\u4e07\uff082001\u5e74\u30012010\u5e74\uff09\uff0c[42][43]\u6216\u662f\u5927\u7ea6\u5360\u6240\u6709\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u5341\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff082006\u5e74\u30012011\u5e74\uff09\u3002[44][45]\u8de8\u5883\u6c11\u65cf\uff08\u8de8\u754c\u6c11\u65cf\uff0cku\u00e0j\u00ecng m\u00ednz\u00fa\uff09\u82e5\u975e\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fb9\u5883\u72ec\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u6210\u7acb\u540e\u79bb\u5f00\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u3002[35]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some ethnic groups who have historic connections with China, such as the Hmong<\/a>, may not or may identify themselves as Chinese.[46]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u6e0a\u6e90\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u5982\uff08\u6d77\u5916\u7684\uff09\u82d7\u65cf\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u3002[46]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u5386\u53f2 | History<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u534e\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u53f2<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Main article: Chinese emigration<\/a>\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5411\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Chinese people have a long history of migrating overseas, as far back as the 10th century. One of the migrations dates back to the Ming dynasty<\/a> when Zheng He<\/a> (1371\u20131435) became the envoy of Ming. He sent people \u2013 many of them Cantonese<\/a> and Hokkien<\/a> \u2013 to explore and trade<\/a> in the South China Sea<\/a> and in the Indian Ocean<\/a>.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u62e5\u6709\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u8fdc\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f310\u4e16\u7eaa\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u8fc1\u79fb\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u660e\u671d\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u90d1\u548c\uff081371-1435\u5e74\uff09\u6210\u4e3a\u660e\u671d\u7684\u4f7f\u8282\u3002\u4ed6\u6d3e\u9063\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u5176\u4e2d\u5f88\u591a\u662f\u5e7f\u5e9c\u4eba\u548c\u95fd\u5357\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u53bb\u63a2\u7d22\u5e76\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u6d77\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u6d0b\u8fdb\u884c\u8d38\u6613\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1 \u53e4\u4ee3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u53f2\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6eaf\u52302000\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u3002\u636e\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u6c49\u671d<\/a>\u65e5\u5357\u90e1<\/a>\u6731\u543e\u53bf<\/a>\u5c45\u6c11\u4e0d\u6ee1\u53bf\u540f\u82db\u653f\uff0c\u9003\u81f3\u5c48\u90fd\u6606<\/a>\uff08\u4eca\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a<\/a>\u767b\u5609\u697c<\/a>\uff09[52]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5510\u671d<\/a>\u8d1e\u89c2<\/a>\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u50e7\u4eba\u5b5f\u6000\u4e1a\u5230\u4f5b\u901d<\/a>\u56fd\u53d6\u7ecf\uff0c\u540e\u7559\u604b\u4f5b\u901d<\/a>\u4e0d\u56de\u6545\u4e61[53]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4e94\u4ee3<\/a>\u65f6\u82cf\u95e8\u7b54\u814a<\/a>\u5c31\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u8015\u79cd\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5de8\u6e2f<\/a>\u534e\u4eba\u6700\u591a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u9ec4\u5de2<\/a>\u8d77\u4e49\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u9003\u4ea1\u81f3\u82cf\u95e8\u7b54\u814a\u7684\u534e\u4fa8\u3002\u5b8b\u5609\u4f51<\/a>\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5b89\u5357<\/a>\u864f\u8d70\u5927\u6279\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5230\u5b89\u5357[54]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5987\u5973\u5728\u4e1c\u6b27\u5b9a\u5c45\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u963f\u4ec0\u80af\u7eb3\u5179\u72b9\u592a\u4eba<\/a>\u7ed3\u5a5a[55]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5143\u671d<\/a>\u822a\u6d77\u5bb6\u6c6a\u5927\u6e0a<\/a>\u6240\u8457\u300a\u5c9b\u5937\u5fd7\u7565<\/a>\u300b\u8bb0\u8f7d\u5355\u9a6c\u9521<\/a>\u6709\u534e\u4fa8<\/a>\u5b9a\u5c45[56]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5510\u4eba\u5230\u771f\u814a<\/a>\u56fd\u5c45\u4f4f\u7ecf\u5546\u4f1a\u5a36\u771f\u814a\u5973\u5b50\u4e3a\u59bb[57]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u6d2a\u6b66<\/a>\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\uff081397\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u65f6\u65c5\u5c45\u4e09\u4f5b\u9f50<\/a>\u7684\u534e\u4fa8\u4e00\u5343\u591a\u4eba\u62e5\u6234\u5e7f\u4e1c<\/a>\u5357\u6d77\u4eba\u6881\u9053\u660e<\/a>\u4e3a\u4e09\u4f5b\u9f50\u56fd\u738b[58]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5609\u9756<\/a>\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u6f6e\u5dde<\/a>\u6c5f\u6d0b\u5927\u76d7\u6797\u9053\u5e72<\/a>\u805a\u96c6\u4e8c\u5343\u4f59\u4eba\u653b\u5360\u5317\u5927\u5e74<\/a>\uff0c\u56e0\u52a9\u66b9\u7f57\u738b\u7834\u5b89\u5357<\/a>\uff0c\u53d7\u66b9\u7f57\u738b\u5609\u5956\uff0c\u8d50\u5176\u5973\u4e0e\u4e4b\u6210\u5a5a[59]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6e05\u96cd\u6b63\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u6f84\u6d77\u534e\u5bcc\u91cc\uff08\u4eca\u6c55\u5934\u5e02\u6f84\u6d77\u533a\u4e0a\u534e\u9547\uff09\u4eba\u90d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u5357\u6e21\u66b9\u7f57\uff0c\u5176\u5b50\u90d1\u662d<\/a>\u4e3a\u66b9\u7f57\u738b[60]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5a46\u7f57\u6d32<\/a>\u6234\u71d5<\/a>\u56fd\u738b\u5434\u5143\u76db<\/a>\u3001\u6606\u7538<\/a>\u56fd\u738b\u7f57\u5927<\/a>\u5747\u662f\u5e7f\u4e1c\u5609\u5e94<\/a>\u4eba[61]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4e7e\u9686<\/a>\u5e74\u95f4\u534e\u4eba\u7f57\u82b3\u4f2f<\/a>\u5728\u5a46\u7f57\u6d32\u5c9b\u4e0a\uff08\u4eca\u52a0\u91cc\u66fc\u4e39\u897f\u90e8\uff09\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u5170\u82b3\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 \u6e05\u671d\u4e2d\u540e\u671f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u534e\u5de5<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\u56fe2-1\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89<\/a>\u540e\uff0c\u6e05\u671d\u7684\u56fd\u95e8\u88ab\u8feb\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u822a\u8fd0\u4e5f\u6bd4\u53e4\u4ee3\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u4eba\u53e3\u5f00\u59cb\u8f83\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5730\u8fc1\u5f99\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u3002\u6e05\u4ee3\u94b1\u5e84<\/a>\u4e3a\u957f\u9014\u6c47\u6b3e\u7684\u4fbf\u5229\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6d3e\u9a7b\u804c\u5458\u957f\u5c45\u6d77\u5916[62]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the mid-1800s, outbound migration from China increased as a result of the European colonial powers opening up treaty ports<\/a>.[47]<\/a>:\u200a137\u200a<\/sup> The British colonization of Hong Kong further created the opportunity for Chinese labor to be exported to plantations and mines.[47]<\/a>:\u200a137\u200a<\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u301119 \u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f00\u653e\u901a\u5546\u53e3\u5cb8\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u51fa\u5883\u79fb\u6c11\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u3002[47]:\u200a137\u200a \u82f1\u56fd\u5bf9\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u548c\u77ff\u5c71\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u673a\u4f1a\u3002[47]:\u200a137<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During the era of European colonialism, many overseas Chinese were coolie<\/a> laborers.[47]<\/a>:\u200a123\u200a<\/sup> Chinese capitalists overseas often functioned as economic and political intermediaries between colonial rulers and colonial populations.[47]<\/a>:\u200a123\u200a<\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6b27\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u82e6\u529b\u3002[47]:\u200a123\u200a \u6d77\u5916\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u7ecf\u5e38\u5145\u5f53\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u548c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4eba\u53e3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u3002[47]:\u200a123<\/p>\n\n\n\n

19\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u79fb\u5c45\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u4ece\u4e8b\u91d1\u878d\u8d38\u6613\u751f\u610f\u3002\u8d8a\u5357<\/a>\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u660e\u4e61\uff08Minh H\u01b0\u01a1ng\uff09\u6216\u534e\uff08Hoa\uff09\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u5893\u846c\u80fd\u8ffd\u6eaf\u52301833\u5e74\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u534e\u4eba\u53ea\u5360\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u3002[63]<\/a><\/sup>\u5728\u5eb7\u96cd\u4e7e\u5e74\u95f4<\/a>\u7684\u798f\u5efa<\/a>\u4e0e\u5e7f\u4e1c<\/a>\u7684\u534e\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u505a\u91d1\u878d\u8d38\u6613\u751f\u610f\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u8fc7\u5269\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u5e7f\u4e1c\u548c\u798f\u5efa\u7684\u5931\u4e1a\u4eba\u53e3\u8fdc\u8d74\u6d77\u5916\u8c0b\u751f\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u5e7f\u4e1c\u56db\u9091\u4eba\u591a\u9009\u62e9\u79fb\u5c45\u5370\u5ea6<\/a>\u3001\u82f1\u56fd<\/a>\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd<\/a>\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/a>\u3001\u6fb3\u6d32<\/a>\u3001\u65b0\u897f\u5170<\/a>\u7b49\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5e7f\u4e1c\u571f\u5ba2\u51b2\u7a81<\/a>\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5e7f\u4e1c\u4eba\u66f4\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5951\u7ea6\u534e\u5de5<\/a>\uff0c\u88ab\u5356\u5230\u7f8e\u6d32<\/a>\u7684\u79d8\u9c81<\/a>\u3001\u5df4\u62ff\u9a6c<\/a>\u3001\u58a8\u897f\u54e5<\/a>\u3001\u53e4\u5df4<\/a>\u4e00\u5e26\u3002\u6dd8\u91d1\u70ed<\/a>\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u88ab\u5356\u5f80\u5317\u7f8e\u6d32<\/a>\u3001\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32<\/a>\u3001\u5927\u6d0b\u6d32<\/a>\u3001\u5357\u975e<\/a>\u7b49\u5730\u4ece\u4e8b\u5371\u9669\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u5f00\u91c7\u91d1\u77ff\u4e0e\u94c1\u8def<\/a>\u5de5\u7a0b\u7b49\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u88ab\u5356\u5f80\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6d32<\/a>\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\u534e\u5de5\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6570\u903e\u534a\u6570\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u88ab\u9a97\uff0c\u5951\u7ea6\u5230\u671f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5f97\u56de\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u53d8\u5f97\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\u534e\u5de5\u4ec5\u4e3a\u5c11\u6570\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7684\u5f00\u5e73\u7889\u697c<\/a>\u4fbf\u662f\u5951\u7ea6\u534e\u5de5\u8863\u9526\u8fd8\u4e61\u51fa\u8d44\u5174\u5efa\u3002[64]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The area of Taishan, Guangdong Province<\/a> was the source for many of economic migrants.[36]<\/a><\/sup> In the provinces of Fujian<\/a> and Guangdong<\/a> in China, there was a surge in emigration as a result of the poverty and village ruin.[48]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u53f0\u5c71\u5730\u533a\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6e90\u5934\u3002[36] \u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u798f\u5efa\u548c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8d2b\u56f0\u548c\u6751\u5e84\u7834\u8d25\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u4eba\u6570\u6fc0\u589e\u3002[48]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\u56fe2-2\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

San Francisco and California was an early American destination in the mid-1800s because of the California Gold Rush. Many settled in San Francisco forming one of the earliest Chinatowns. For the countries in North America and Australia saw great numbers of Chinese gold diggers finding gold in the gold mining<\/a> and railway<\/a> construction. Widespread famine in Guangdong impelled many Cantonese to work in these countries to improve the living conditions of their relatives.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u301119 \u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u52a0\u5dde\u6dd8\u91d1\u70ed\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u548c\u52a0\u5dde\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5b9a\u5c45\u5728\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5510\u4eba\u8857\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5317\u7f8e\u548c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u5f00\u91c7\u548c\u94c1\u8def\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u4e2d\u56fd\u6dd8\u91d1\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u9ec4\u91d1\u3002\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u9965\u8352\u8feb\u4f7f\u8bb8\u591a\u5e7f\u4e1c\u4eba\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\u4eb2\u5c5e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From 1853 until the end of the 19th century, about 18,000 Chinese were brought as indentured workers<\/a> to the British West Indies<\/a>, mainly to British Guiana<\/a> (now Guyana<\/a>), Trinidad<\/a> and Jamaica<\/a>.[49]<\/a><\/sup> Their descendants today are found among the current populations of these countries, but also among the migrant communities with Anglo-Caribbean origins residing mainly in the United Kingdom<\/a>, the United States<\/a> and Canada<\/a>.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4ece 1853 \u5e74\u5230 19 \u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u7ea6\u6709 18,000 \u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5951\u7ea6\u52b3\u5de5\u88ab\u5e26\u5230\u82f1\u5c5e\u897f\u5370\u5ea6\u7fa4\u5c9b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5230\u82f1\u5c5e\u572d\u4e9a\u90a3\uff08\u73b0\u572d\u4e9a\u90a3\uff09\u3001\u7279\u7acb\u5c3c\u8fbe\u548c\u7259\u4e70\u52a0\u3002[49] \u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u540e\u88d4\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u73b0\u6709\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u5728\u4e3b\u8981\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u76ce\u683c\u9c81-\u52a0\u52d2\u6bd4\u8840\u7edf\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1912\u5e74\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd<\/a>\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5b9a\u5c45\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u7684\u6c49\u65cf\uff0c\u5728\u4e66\u7c4d\u4e0a\u591a\u4ee5\u201c\u5510\u4eba<\/a>\u201d\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u59cb\u7528\u201c\u534e\u4eba\u201d\u3001\u201c\u534e\u4fa8\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u201d\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u4ee5\u5747\u79f0\u4e3a\u5510\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u5b98\u8bdd<\/a>\u4e0a\u5219\u79f0\u4e3a\u534e\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u534e\u57e0<\/a>\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a\u5510\u4eba\u8857<\/a>\u3002\u8fc1\u79fb\u6d77\u5916\u798f\u5efa\u4eba<\/a>\u548c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u4eba<\/a>\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u901a\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u4ea4\u8c08\u826f\u4e45\uff0c\u9042\u7686\u9700\u501a\u9760\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u4f1a\u9986<\/a>\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u7fa4\u6765\u751f\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\u56fe2-3\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u56fe2-4\u548c2-5\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Research conducted in 2008 by German researchers who wanted to show the correlation between economic development and height, used a small dataset of 159 male labourers from Guangdong who were sent to the Dutch colony of Suriname to illustrate their point. They stated that the Chinese labourers were between 161 to 164 cm in height for males.[50]<\/a><\/sup> Their study did not account for factors other than economic conditions and acknowledge the limitations of such a small sample.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112008 \u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u8bf4\u660e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u8eab\u9ad8\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 159 \u540d\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7537\u6027\u52b3\u5de5\uff08\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52b3\u5de5\u88ab\u6d3e\u5f80\u8377\u5c5e\u82cf\u91cc\u5357\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff09\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7537\u6027\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u8eab\u9ad8\u5728 161 \u81f3 164 \u5398\u7c73\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002[50]\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6761\u4ef6\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u627f\u8ba4\u6837\u672c\u91cf\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u5c0f\u5b58\u5728\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lanfang Republic<\/a> (Chinese<\/a>: \u862d\u82b3\u5171\u548c\u570b; pinyin<\/a>: L\u00e1nf\u0101ng G\u00f2ngh\u00e9gu\u00f3<\/em>) in West Kalimantan<\/a> was established by overseas Chinese.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5170\u82b3\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff08\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u862d\u82b3\u5171\u548c\u570b\uff1b\u62fc\u97f3\uff1aL\u00e1nf\u0101ng G\u00f2ngh\u00e9gu\u00f3\uff09\u4f4d\u4e8e\u897f\u52a0\u91cc\u66fc\u4e39\uff0c\u7531\u534e\u4fa8\u5efa\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1909, the Qing dynasty established the first Nationality Law<\/em> of China.[47]<\/a>:\u200a138\u200a<\/sup> It granted Chinese citizenship to anyone born to a Chinese parent.[47]<\/a>:\u200a138\u200a<\/sup> It permitted dual citizenship<\/a>.[47]<\/a>:\u200a138\u200a<\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111909 \u5e74\uff0c\u6e05\u671d\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u56fd\u7c4d\u6cd5\u3002[47]:\u200a138\u200a \u5b83\u6388\u4e88\u4efb\u4f55\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u4eba\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u7c4d\u3002[47]:\u200a138\u200a \u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u53cc\u91cd\u56fd\u7c4d\u3002[47]:\u200a138<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.3 \u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd | Republic of China<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u56fe2-6~2-8\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u8f9b\u4ea5\u9769\u547d<\/a>\u6210\u529f\u4f9d\u9760\u5927\u91cf\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u300a\u56fd\u7c4d\u6cd5<\/a>\u300b\u63a5\u53d7\u53cc\u91cd\u56fd\u7c4d<\/a>\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u5c06\u534e\u88d4\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u53ea\u8981\u8840\u7edf<\/a>\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u534e\u4eba\u8840\u7f18\u8005\uff0c\u7686\u4e3a\u534e\u88d4\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u5165\u7c4d<\/a>\u4e3a\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11<\/a>\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5370\u5c3c\u534e\u4eba\u56fd\u7c4d\u95ee\u9898<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the first half of the 20th Century, war and revolution accelerated the pace of migration out of China.[47]<\/a>:\u200a127\u200a<\/sup> The Kuomintang<\/a> and the Communist Party<\/a> competed for political support from overseas Chinese.[47]<\/a>:\u200a127\u2013128\u200a<\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u301120\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u4e0e\u9769\u547d\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4fa8\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6b65\u4f10\u3002[47]:\u200a127\u200a \u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e89\u593a\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u652f\u6301\u3002[47]:\u200a127\u2013128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Under the Republicans<\/a> economic growth froze and many migrated outside the Republic of China, mostly through the coastal regions via the ports of Fujian<\/a>, Guangdong<\/a>, Hainan<\/a> and Shanghai<\/a>. These migrations are considered to be among the largest in China’s history. Many nationals of the Republic of China<\/a> fled and settled down overseas mainly between the years 1911\u20131949 before the Nationalist government<\/a> led by Kuomintang<\/a> lost the mainland to Communist revolutionaries and relocated. Most of the nationalist and neutral refugees fled mainland China to North America<\/a> while others fled to Southeast Asia<\/a> (Singapore<\/a>, Brunei<\/a>, Thailand<\/a>, Malaysia<\/a>, Indonesia<\/a> and Philippines<\/a>) as well as Taiwan<\/a> (Republic of China).[51]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5171\u548c\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u505c\u6ede\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u79fb\u5c45\u5230\u6c11\u56fd\u5883\u5916\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6cbf\u6d77\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u9014\u5f84\u798f\u5efa\u3001\u5e7f\u4e1c\u3001\u6d77\u5357\u548c\u4e0a\u6d77\u7b49\u6e2f\u53e3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79fb\u6c11\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u89c4\u6a21\u6700\u5927\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u9003\u4ea1\u5e76\u5b9a\u5c45\u6d77\u5916\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728 1911 \u5e74\u81f3 1949 \u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u5927\u9646\u62f1\u624b\u8ba9\u7ed9\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9769\u547d\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u5c45\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u548c\u4e2d\u7acb\u6d3e\u96be\u6c11\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u9003\u5f80\u5317\u7f8e\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5219\u9003\u5f80\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\uff08\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u3001\u6587\u83b1\u3001\u6cf0\u56fd\u3001\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u548c\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u53f0\u6e7e\uff08\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\uff09\u3002[51]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who fled during 1912\u20131949 and settled down in Singapore<\/a> and Malaysia<\/a> and automatically gained citizenship in 1957 and 1963 as these countries gained independence.[52]<\/a>[53]<\/a><\/sup> Kuomintang<\/a> members who settled in Malaysia and Singapore played a major role in the establishment of the Malaysian Chinese Association<\/a> and their meeting hall at Sun Yat Sen Villa<\/a>. There was evidence that some intended to reclaim mainland China from the CCP by funding the Kuomintang<\/a>.[54]<\/a>[55]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111912 \u5e74\u81f3 1949 \u5e74\u95f4\u9003\u4ea1\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u6210\u5458\u5728\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u548c\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u5b9a\u5c45\uff0c\u5e76\u5728 1957 \u5e74\u548c 1963 \u5e74\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u83b7\u5f97\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u3002[52][53] \u5b9a\u5c45\u5728\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u548c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u6210\u5458\u5728\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u534e\u4eba\u534f\u4f1a\u53ca\u5176\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u522b\u5885\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u5385\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u6253\u7b97\u901a\u8fc7\u8d44\u52a9\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4ece\u4e2d\u5171\u624b\u4e2d\u593a\u56de\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u3002[54][55]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\u56fe2-9\u548c2-10\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

After their defeat in the Chinese Civil War, parts of the Nationalist army<\/a> retreated south and crossed the border into Burma as the People’s Liberation Army<\/a> entered Yunnan<\/a>.[47]<\/a>:\u200a65\u200a<\/sup> The United States supported these Nationalist forces because the United States hoped they would harass the People’s Republic of China from the southwest, thereby diverting Chinese resources from the Korean War<\/a>.[47]<\/a>:\u200a65\u200a<\/sup> The Burmese government protested and international pressure increased.[47]<\/a>:\u200a65\u200a<\/sup> Beginning in 1953, several rounds of withdrawals of the Nationalist forces and their families were carried out.[47]<\/a>:\u200a65\u200a<\/sup> In 1960, joint military action<\/a> by China and Burma expelled the remaining Nationalist forces from Burma, although some went on to settle<\/a> in the Burma-Thailand borderlands<\/a>.[47]<\/a>:\u200a65\u201366\u200a<\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u519b\u961f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u4e2d\u5931\u8d25\u540e\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u90e8\u961f\u5411\u5357\u64a4\u9000\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u8fdb\u5165\u4e91\u5357\u65f6\u8d8a\u8fc7\u8fb9\u5883\u8fdb\u5165\u7f05\u7538\u3002[47]:\u200a65\u200a \u7f8e\u56fd\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u897f\u5357\u9a9a\u6270\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5206\u6563\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u671d\u9c9c\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002[47]:\u200a65\u200a \u7f05\u7538\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u51fa\u6297\u8bae\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u538b\u529b\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u589e\u52a0\u3002[47]:\u200a65\u200a \u4ece 1953 \u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u519b\u961f\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u5c5e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u591a\u8f6e\u64a4\u79bb\u3002[47]:\u200a65\u200a 1960 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u7f05\u8054\u5408\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\u5c06\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u519b\u961f\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u7f05\u7538\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u7f05\u6cf0\u8fb9\u5883\u5b9a\u5c45\u3002[47]:\u200a65\u201366<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.4 \u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1955\u5e74\uff0c\u9996\u4efb\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u603b\u7406<\/a>\u5468\u6069\u6765<\/a>\u5728\u53c2\u52a0\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u4e9a\u975e\u4f1a\u8bae<\/a>\uff08\u4e07\u9686\u4f1a\u8bae<\/a>\uff09\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a<\/a>\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5173\u4e8e\u53cc\u91cd\u56fd\u7c4d\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6761\u7ea6<\/a>\u300b\u4ee5\u671f\u89e3\u51b3\u5370\u5c3c\u534e\u4eba\u56fd\u7c4d\u95ee\u9898<\/a>\uff0c\u6761\u7ea6\u5bb9\u8bb8\u6301\u6709\u53cc\u91cd\u56fd\u7c4d\u7684\u534e\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u6761\u7ea6\u7b7e\u7f72\u540e20\u5e74\u5185\uff0c\u6210\u5e74\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u5370\u5c3c\u56fd\u7c4d\u6216\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u7c4d[65]<\/a><\/sup>\u30021980\u5e74\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u56fd\u7c4d\u6cd5<\/a>\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u5177\u6709\u53cc\u91cd\u56fd\u7c4d\u30021984\u5e74\u8d77\u9999\u6e2f\u524d\u9014\u95ee\u9898<\/a>\u5f15\u53d1\u9999\u6e2f\u79fb\u6c11\u6f6e<\/a>\u30021989\u5e74\u7684\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/a>\u4e5f\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u79fb\u6c11\u6f6e\u3002\u79fb\u6c11\u6f6e\u57281997\u5e74\u9999\u6e2f\u7279\u522b\u884c\u653f\u533a<\/a>\u6210\u7acb\u4e4b\u540e\u9010\u6e10\u5e73\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5c11\u79fb\u6c11\u5916\u56fd\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u4eba\u5df2\u56de\u6d41\u9999\u6e2f\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u9999\u6e2f\u539f\u5c45\u6c11<\/a>\u548c\u9999\u6e2f\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e86\u6539\u5584\u751f\u6d3b\u800c\u79fb\u5c45\u81f3\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u8377\u5170<\/a>\u7b49\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During the 1950s and 1960s, the ROC tended to seek the support of overseas Chinese communities through branches of the Kuomintang<\/a> based on Sun Yat-sen<\/a>‘s use of expatriate<\/a> Chinese communities to raise money for his revolution. During this period, the People’s Republic of China tended to view overseas Chinese with suspicion as possible capitalist<\/a> infiltrators and tended to value relationships with Southeast Asian nations as more important than gaining support of overseas Chinese, and in the Bandung declaration<\/a> explicitly stated[where?<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup> that overseas Chinese owed primary loyalty to their home nation.[dubious<\/a> \u2013 discuss<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111950 \u5e74\u4ee3\u81f3 1960 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5206\u652f\u673a\u6784\u5bfb\u6c42\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8fd9\u6e90\u4e8e\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5229\u7528\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u9769\u547d\u7b79\u96c6\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u6000\u7591\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u6e17\u900f\u8005\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u91cd\u89c6\u4e0e\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u83b7\u5f97\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e07\u9686\u5ba3\u8a00\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa[\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f]\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u5bf9\u7956\u56fd\u8d1f\u6709\u9996\u8981\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u3002[\u53ef\u7591 – \u8ba8\u8bba]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the mid-20th century onward, emigration has been directed primarily to Western countries such as the United States, Australia, Canada, Brazil, The United Kingdom, New Zealand, Argentina and the nations of Western Europe; as well as to Peru, Panama, and to a lesser extent to Mexico. Many of these emigrants who entered Western countries were themselves overseas Chinese, particularly from the 1950s to the 1980s, a period during which the PRC placed severe restrictions on the movement of its citizens.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u81ea 20 \u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3001\u5df4\u897f\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u3001\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u548c\u897f\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u79d8\u9c81\u3001\u5df4\u62ff\u9a6c\u548c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\uff08\u6570\u91cf\u8f83\u5c11\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fdb\u5165\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728 1950 \u5e74\u4ee3\u81f3 1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5bf9\u5176\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u5b9e\u884c\u4e86\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Due to the political dynamics of the Cold War<\/a>, there was relatively little migration from the People’s Republic of China to southeast Asia from the 1950s until the mid-1970s.[47]<\/a>:\u200a117\u200a<\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u7531\u4e8e\u51b7\u6218\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u6001\uff0c\u4ece 20 \u4e16\u7eaa 50 \u5e74\u4ee3\u5230 70 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5230\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c11\u3002[47]:\u200a117<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1984, Britain agreed to transfer the sovereignty of Hong Kong<\/a> to the PRC; this triggered another wave of migration to the United Kingdom (mainly England), Australia, Canada, US, South America, Europe and other parts of the world. The 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre<\/a> further accelerated the migration. The wave calmed after Hong Kong’s transfer of sovereignty<\/a> in 1997. In addition, many citizens of Hong Kong hold citizenships or have current visas in other countries so if the need arises, they can leave Hong Kong at short notice.[citation needed<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111984 \u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u540c\u610f\u5c06\u9999\u6e2f\u4e3b\u6743\u79fb\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff1b\u8fd9\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u6ce2\u79fb\u6c11\u6f6e\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5305\u62ec\u82f1\u56fd\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u82f1\u683c\u5170\uff09\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u5357\u7f8e\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u30021989 \u5e74\u7684\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u5e7f\u573a\u6297\u8bae\u548c\u5c60\u6740\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u79fb\u6c11\u6f6e\u30021997 \u5e74\u9999\u6e2f\u4e3b\u6743\u79fb\u4ea4\u540e\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u6f6e\u9010\u6e10\u5e73\u606f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u9999\u6e2f\u516c\u6c11\u62e5\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u6216\u6709\u6548\u7b7e\u8bc1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u79bb\u5f00\u9999\u6e2f\u3002[\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u8bc1]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In recent years, the People’s Republic of China has built increasingly stronger ties with African nations. In 2014, author Howard French<\/a> estimated that over one million Chinese have moved in the past 20 years to Africa.[56]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4e0e\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u65e5\u76ca\u5bc6\u5207\u30022014 \u5e74\uff0c\u4f5c\u5bb6\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u5f17\u4f26\u5947\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb 20 \u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u79fb\u5c45\u975e\u6d32\u3002[56]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More recent Chinese presences have developed in Europe, where they number well over 1 million, and in Russia, they number over 200,000, concentrated in the Russian Far East<\/a>. Russia’s main Pacific port and naval base of Vladivostok<\/a>, once closed to foreigners and belonged to China until the late 19th century, as of 2010 bristles with Chinese markets, restaurants and trade houses. A growing Chinese community in Germany consists of around 76,000 people as of 2010.[57]<\/a><\/sup> An estimated 15,000 to 30,000 Chinese live in Austria.[58]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8fd1\u6765\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u4eba\u6570\u8d85\u8fc7 100 \u4e07\uff1b\u5728\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u4eba\u6570\u8d85\u8fc7 20 \u4e07\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8fdc\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u3002\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u4e3b\u8981\u6e2f\u53e3\u548c\u6d77\u519b\u57fa\u5730\u7b26\u62c9\u8fea\u6c83\u65af\u6258\u514b\u66fe\u5bf9\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u76f4\u5230 19 \u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u624d\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4f46\u622a\u81f3 2010 \u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u904d\u5e03\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e02\u573a\u3001\u9910\u9986\u548c\u8d38\u6613\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u622a\u81f3 2010 \u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u534e\u4eba\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e0d\u65ad\u58ee\u5927\uff0c\u7ea6\u6709 76,000 \u4eba\u3002[57] \u636e\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u6709 15,000 \u81f3 30,000 \u540d\u534e\u4eba\u3002[58]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u5404\u5730\u534e\u793e\u53ca\u4fa8\u5546\u5546\u4f1a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

3.1 \u534e\u56e2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u4e9a\u6d32<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n