{"id":3650,"date":"2024-08-10T20:31:36","date_gmt":"2024-08-10T12:31:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=3650"},"modified":"2025-01-31T10:07:28","modified_gmt":"2025-01-31T02:07:28","slug":"mcdonnell-douglas-kc-10-extender-zhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2024\/08\/10\/mcdonnell-douglas-kc-10-extender-zhen\/","title":{"rendered":"KC-10\u52a0\u6cb9\u673a \/ McDonnell Douglas KC-10 Extender\uff08\u5168\u6587\uff09- \u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u878d\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>
\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>
\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u5e76\u8865\u5145\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5728\u4e8c\u8005\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u665a\u66f4\u65b0\u8005\u4e3a\u51c6\uff09\u3002\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5408\u89c4\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u4e0a\u4f20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u5b57\u91c7\u7528\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3<\/strong>\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c\u97f3\u8282\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u58f0\u8c03\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u8fbd\u89c2\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u642c\u8fd0\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5df2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\uff0c\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a<\/a>\u3002\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff08Wikipedia\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8bd1\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/strong> <\/p>\n\u8fbd\u89c2\u6240\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e00\u9053\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167\u7248\u672c<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u548c\u89c6\u9891\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

0. \u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KC-10\u8865\u5145\u8005<\/strong>\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff1aKC-10 Extender\uff09\u662f\u4e09\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u9ea6\u9053<\/a>DC-10<\/a>\u98de\u673a<\/a>\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7a7a\u519b<\/a>\u6539\u88c5\u800c\u6765\u3002[\u6ce81] KC-10\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u7ed3\u5408\u519b\u4e8b\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u8fd0\u8f93\u548c\u7a7a\u4e2d\u52a0\u6cb9<\/a>\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u65f6\u8865\u5145\u4e86KC-135<\/a>\u540c\u6e29\u5c42<\/a>\u52a0\u6cb9\u673a<\/a>\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5728\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a<\/a>\u548c\u4e2d\u4e1c\u5730\u533a<\/a>\u670d\u5f79\u3002KC-10\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd<\/a>\u7a7a\u519b<\/a>\u5373\u9ea6\u514b\u5510\u7eb3\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u7684C-9<\/a>\u540e\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b3e\u9ea6\u9053\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8fd0\u8f93\u98de\u673a<\/a>\u3002\u5176\u5171\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7a7a\u519b\u751f\u4ea7\u4e8660\u67b6\u3002\u53ca\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u67b6\u4e8c\u624bDC-10\u5ba2\u673a\u7531\u8377\u5170\u7687\u5bb6\u7a7a\u519b<\/a>\u8d2d\u5165\uff08\u5176\u4e2d2\u67b6\u4e8e1992\u5e74\u5411\u9a6c\u4e01\u822a\u7a7a<\/a>\u8d2d\u5165\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u67b6\u4e8e2011\u5e74\u8d2d\u5165\uff09\u5e76\u6539\u88c5\u4e3a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u52a0\u6cb9\u673a\uff08\u4f46\u7a97\u6237\u5e76\u65e0\u50cf\u539f\u578b\u673a\u822c\u5c01\u95ed\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u88ab\u5b98\u65b9\u547d\u540d\u4e3aKDC-10<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u6ce81\uff08\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6ce8\u3011 The Handley Page Jetstream had been initially ordered as the C-10A, but was soon cancelled. This allowed the tanker version of the DC-10 to be designated KC-10A.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011Handley Page Jetstream \u6700\u521d\u88ab\u8ba2\u8d2d\u4e3a C-10A\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97 DC-10 \u7684\u52a0\u6cb9\u673a\u7248\u672c\u5f97\u4ee5\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a KC-10A\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The KC-10 plays a key role in the mobilization of US military assets, taking part in overseas operations far from home. These aircraft performed airlift and aerial refueling during the 1986 bombing of Libya<\/a> (Operation Eldorado Canyon), the 1990\u201391 Gulf War<\/a> with Iraq (Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm), the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia<\/a> (Operation Allied Force), War in Afghanistan<\/a> (Operation Enduring Freedom<\/a>), and Iraq War<\/a> (Operations Iraqi Freedom and New Dawn).
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011KC-10 \u5728\u8c03\u52a8\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u4e8b\u8d44\u4ea7\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fdc\u79bb\u672c\u571f\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u98de\u673a\u57281986\u5e74\u8f70\u70b8\u5229\u6bd4\u4e9a\uff08\u57c3\u5c14\u591a\u62c9\u591a\u5ce1\u8c37\u884c\u52a8\uff09\u30011990-91\u5e74\u7684\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\uff08\u4e0e\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u7684\u6c99\u6f20\u76fe\u724c\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u6c99\u6f20\u98ce\u66b4\u884c\u52a8\uff09\u3001\u5317\u7ea6\u8f70\u70b8\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\uff08\u8054\u5408\u529b\u91cf\u884c\u52a8\uff09\u3001\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6218\u4e89\uff08\u6301\u4e45\u81ea\u7531\u884c\u52a8\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u6218\u4e89\uff08\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u81ea\u7531\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u65b0\u66d9\u5149\u884c\u52a8\uff09\u671f\u95f4\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u7a7a\u8fd0\u548c\u7a7a\u4e2d\u52a0\u6cb9\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\u56fe0-1\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
Role\u3010\u7c7b\u578b\u3011<\/th>Tanker\/transport\u3010\u7a7a\u4e2d\u52a0\u6cb9\u673a\u3001\u8fd0\u8f93\u673a\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
National origin\u3010\u539f\u4ea7\u56fd\u3011<\/th>United States\u3010\u7f8e\u56fd\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Manufacturer\u3010\u5236\u9020\u5546\u3011<\/th>McDonnell Douglas\u3010\u9ea6\u514b\u5510\u7eb3\u00b7\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\uff08\u9ea6\u9053\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
First flight\u3010\u9996\u98de\u3011<\/th>12 July 1980\u30101980\u5e747\u670812\u65e5\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Introduction\u3010\u8d77\u5f79\u65e5\u671f\u3011<\/th>1 March 1981\u30101981\u5e743\u67081\u65e5\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Retired\u3010\u9000\u5f79\u65f6\u95f4\u3011<\/th>2021 (RNLAF)<\/td><\/tr>
Status\u3010\u73b0\u72b6\u3011<\/th>In limited service\u3010\u6709\u9650\u4f7f\u7528\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Primary users\u3010\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u6237\u3011<\/th>United States Air Force\u3010\u7f8e\u56fd\u7a7a\u519b\u3011
Omega Aerial Refueling Services\u3010\u6b27\u7c73\u8304\u7a7a\u4e2d\u52a0\u6cb9\u670d\u52a1\u516c\u53f8\u3011
Royal Netherlands Air Force (historical)\u3010\u7687\u5bb6\u8377\u5170\u7a7a\u519b\uff08\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Produced\u3010\u751f\u4ea7\u5e74\u4efd\u3011<\/th>KC-10: 1979\u20131987<\/td><\/tr>
Number built\u3010\u751f\u4ea7\u6570\u91cf\u3011<\/th>KC-10: 60; KDC-10: 2<\/td><\/tr>
Developed from\u3010\u53d1\u5c55\u81ea\u3011<\/th>McDonnell Douglas DC-10\u3010\u9ea6\u514b\u5510\u7eb3\u00b7\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65afDC-10-30\u3011<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1. \u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b | Design and development<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1.1 \u9ad8\u7ea7\u52a0\u6cb9\u673a-\u8d27\u673a\u8ba1\u5212 | Advanced Tanker Cargo Aircraft Program<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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\u56fe1-1\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u7684\u8d8a\u6218<\/a>\u4e2d\uff0c\u539f\u6709\u7684KC-135\u7a7a\u4e2d\u52a0\u6cb9\u673a<\/a>\u673a\u961f\u5df2\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e3a\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u7f8e\u519b\u8fdb\u884c\u8865\u7ed9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7f8e\u519b\u66fe\u4e8e1972\u5e74\u5411\u9ea6\u9053\u53ca\u6ce2\u97f3<\/a>\u5f81\u6c42\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u52a0\u6cb9\u673a\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u9ea6\u9053\u65b9\u9762\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e24\u67b6DC-10\u4f5c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u800c\u6ce2\u97f3\u65b9\u6848\u5219\u4ee5\u6ce2\u97f3747<\/a>\u4f5c\u52a0\u6cb9\u673a\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8be5\u6b21\u7814\u53d1\u8ba1\u5212\u6700\u540e\u4e0d\u4e86\u4e86\u4e4b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During the Vietnam War<\/a>, doubts began to form regarding the Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker<\/a> fleet’s ability to meet the needs of the United States’ global commitments. The aerial refueling<\/a> fleet was deployed to Southeast Asia to support tactical aircraft and strategic bombers, while maintaining the U.S.-based support of the nuclear-bomber fleet. Consequently, the Air Force sought an aerial tanker with greater capabilities than the KC-135. In 1972, two DC-10s<\/a> were flown in trials at Edwards Air Force Base<\/a>, simulating air refuelings to check for possible wake issues. Boeing performed similar tests with a 747.[1]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5728\u8d8a\u5357\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u6ce2\u97f3 KC-135 \u52a0\u6cb9\u673a\u673a\u961f\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3\u7f8e\u56fd\u5168\u7403\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6000\u7591\u3002\u52a0\u6cb9\u673a\u961f\u88ab\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u652f\u6301\u6218\u672f\u98de\u673a\u548c\u6218\u7565\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u8981\u7ef4\u6301\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u5bf9\u6838\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\u673a\u961f\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7a7a\u519b\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e00\u79cd\u6bd4 KC-135 \u5177\u5907\u66f4\u5927\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7a7a\u4e2d\u52a0\u6cb9\u673a\u30021972\u5e74\uff0c\u4e24\u67b6 DC-10 \u98de\u673a\u5728\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u5179\u7a7a\u519b\u57fa\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bd5\u9a8c\u98de\u884c\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u7a7a\u4e2d\u52a0\u6cb9\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5c3e\u6d41\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528 747 \u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During the 1973 Yom Kippur War<\/a>, the Air Force commenced Operation Nickel Grass<\/a> to supply Israel with weapons and supplies. The operation demonstrated the necessity for adequate air-refueling capabilities; denied landing rights in Europe, C-5 Galaxy<\/a> transports were forced to carry a fraction of their maximum payload on direct flights from the continental United States to Israel<\/a>.[2]<\/a>[3]<\/a> To address this shortfall in mobility, in 1975, under the Advanced Tanker Cargo Aircraft Program<\/em>, four aircraft were evaluated\u2014the Lockheed C-5<\/a>, the Boeing 747<\/a>, the McDonnell Douglas DC-10, and the Lockheed L-1011<\/a>.[4]<\/a> The only serious contenders were Boeing<\/a> and McDonnell Douglas<\/a>. In December 1977, McDonnell Douglas’s DC-10 was chosen. The primary reason for this choice was the KC-10’s ability to operate from shorter runways.[3]<\/a> Initially, a batch of 12 aircraft was ordered, but this was later increased to 60.[3]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u57281973\u5e74\u7684\u8d4e\u7f6a\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a7a\u519b\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u954d\u8349\u884c\u52a8\u4ee5\u5411\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b66\u5668\u548c\u8865\u7ed9\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u52a8\u51f8\u663e\u4e86\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u7a7a\u4e2d\u52a0\u6cb9\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff1b\u7531\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u62d2\u7edd\u964d\u843d\u6743\u5229\uff0cC-5 \u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u8fd0\u8f93\u673a\u88ab\u8feb\u53ea\u643a\u5e26\u5176\u6700\u5927\u8f7d\u8377\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u76f4\u98de\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f25\u8865\u8fd9\u4e00\u673a\u52a8\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u57281975\u5e74\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6cb9\u7f50\u8f66\u8d27\u673a\u8ba1\u5212\uff08Advanced Tanker Cargo Aircraft Program\uff09\uff0c\u56db\u79cd\u98de\u673a\u88ab\u8bc4\u4f30\u2014\u2014\u6d1b\u514b\u5e0c\u5fb7 C-5\u3001\u6ce2\u97f3 747\u3001\u9ea6\u514b\u5510\u7eb3-\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af DC-10 \u548c\u6d1b\u514b\u5e0c\u5fb7 L-1011\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u53ea\u6709\u6ce2\u97f3\u548c\u9ea6\u514b\u5510\u7eb3-\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u4e24\u5bb6\u30021977\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u5510\u7eb3-\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u7684 DC-10 \u88ab\u9009\u4e2d\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f KC-10 \u80fd\u591f\u5728\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u8dd1\u9053\u4e0a\u8d77\u964d\u3002\u6700\u521d\u8ba2\u8d2d\u4e8612\u67b6\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u589e\u52a0\u5230\u4e8660\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2 KC-10\u201c\u5ef6\u7a0b\u201d\u52a0\u6cb9\u673a | KC-10 Extender<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The KC-10 Extender first flew in July 1980. In October 1980 the first aerial refuel sortie was performed.[5]<\/a>[6]<\/a> The design for the KC-10 involved modifications from the DC-10-30CF design. Unnecessary airline features were replaced by an improved cargo-handling system and military avionics<\/a>.[7]<\/a> The KC-10 retained an 88% commonality<\/a> with its commercial counterparts, giving it greater access to the worldwide commercial support system.[3]<\/a> Other changes from the DC-10-30CF include the removal of most windows and lower cargo doors.[8]<\/a> Early aircraft featured a distinctive light gray, white and blue paint scheme, and a gray-green camouflage scheme was used on later tankers. The paint scheme was switched to a medium gray color by the late 1990s.[9]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011KC-10 Extender \u9996\u6b21\u8bd5\u98de\u662f\u57281980\u5e747\u6708\u30021980\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7a7a\u4e2d\u52a0\u6cb9\u4efb\u52a1\u3002KC-10\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u57fa\u4e8eDC-10-30CF\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u7279\u5f81\u88ab\u66f4\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u8d27\u7269\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u519b\u7528\u822a\u7535\u8bbe\u5907\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002KC-10\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4e0e\u5176\u5546\u7528\u7248\u672c88%\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5229\u7528\u5168\u7403\u5546\u4e1a\u652f\u6301\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8eDC-10-30CF\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6539\u52a8\u5305\u62ec\u79fb\u9664\u4e86\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7a97\u6237\u548c\u4e0b\u5c42\u8d27\u8231\u95e8\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u98de\u673a\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6d45\u7070\u8272\u3001\u767d\u8272\u548c\u84dd\u8272\u6d82\u88c5\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u671f\u7684\u52a0\u6cb9\u673a\u5219\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u7070\u7eff\u8272\u8ff7\u5f69\u6d82\u88c5\u3002\u5230\u4e861990\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u6d82\u88c5\u65b9\u6848\u6539\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e2d\u7070\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KC-10\u52a0\u6cb9\u673a\u4ee5DC-10-30\u8d27\u673a\u4f5c\u6280\u672f\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5e76\u670988%\u90e8\u4ef6\u4e0e\u6c11\u7528\u578b\u53f7\u5171\u901a\u3002KC-10\u540c\u65f6\u88c5\u6709\u98de\u6841\u5f0f\u53ca\u98de\u951a\u5f0f\u52a0\u6cb9\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u53ef\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u63f4\u7f8e\u519b\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u76df\u53cb\u7684\u6218\u6597\u673a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cKC-10\u5ba2\u8231\u4ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u53ca\u7269\u8d44\u8fd0\u8f93\u7528\u9014\u3002\u5728\u9996\u67b6\u7a7a\u4e2d\u5ba2\u8f66A350 XWB<\/a>\u516c\u52a1\u673a\u7248\u672c\uff08\u5373\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u5eb7\u62c9\u5fb7\u00b7\u963f\u767b\u7eb3\u53f7\u98de\u673a<\/a>\uff09\u9996\u98de\u524d\uff0cKC-10\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u5168\u7403\u7eed\u822a\u529b\u6700\u957f\u7684\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7eed\u822a\u529b\u6700\u957f\u7684\u7a7a\u4e2d\u52a0\u6cb9\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\u56fe1-2\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

The most notable changes were the addition of the McDonnell Douglas Advanced Aerial Refueling Boom and additional fuel tanks located in the baggage compartments below the main deck. The extra tanks increase the KC-10’s fuel capacity to 356,000 lb (161,478 kg), nearly doubling the KC-135’s capacity.[5]<\/a> The KC-10 has both a centerline refueling boom<\/a>\u2014unique in that it sports a control surface system at its aft end that differs from the V-tail<\/a> design used on previous tankers\u2014and a drogue-and-hose<\/a> system on the starboard side of the rear fuselage. The KC-10 boom operator is seated in the rear of the aircraft with a wide window for monitoring refueling rather than prone as in the KC-135. The operator controls refueling operations through a digital fly-by wire system<\/a>.[9]<\/a>[10]<\/a> The refueling boom can deliver fuel to a receiver at the maximum rate of 1,100 gallons (4,180 liters) per minute, while the centerline drogue system has a maximum fuel offload rate of 470 gallons (1,786 liters) per minute.[11]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6700\u663e\u8457\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u9ea6\u514b\u5510\u7eb3-\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7a7a\u4e2d\u52a0\u6cb9\u540a\u6746\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e3b\u7532\u677f\u4e0b\u65b9\u884c\u674e\u8231\u4e2d\u7684\u989d\u5916\u71c3\u6cb9\u7bb1\u3002\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6cb9\u7bb1\u5c06 KC-10 \u7684\u71c3\u6cb9\u5bb9\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u5230\u4e86 356,000 \u78c5\uff08161,478 \u5343\u514b\uff09\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u7ffb\u500d\u4e8e KC-135 \u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002KC-10 \u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u592e\u7ebf\u52a0\u6cb9\u540a\u6746\uff0c\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u540a\u6746\u540e\u7aef\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5148\u524d\u52a0\u6cb9\u673a\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 V \u5f62\u5c3e\u7ffc\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u673a\u8eab\u5c3e\u90e8\u53f3\u4fa7\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u7ba1\u548c\u9525\u5f62\u5957\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002KC-10 \u7684\u52a0\u6cb9\u540a\u6746\u64cd\u4f5c\u5458\u5750\u5728\u98de\u673a\u540e\u90e8\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bbd\u5927\u7684\u7a97\u6237\u76d1\u63a7\u52a0\u6cb9\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf KC-135 \u4e0a\u90a3\u6837\u8db4\u7740\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\u5458\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u5b57\u5f0f\u7535\u4f20\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a7\u5236\u52a0\u6cb9\u4f5c\u4e1a\u3002\u52a0\u6cb9\u540a\u6746\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u6bcf\u5206\u949f 1,100 \u52a0\u4ed1\uff084,180 \u5347\uff09\u7684\u6700\u5927\u901f\u7387\u5411\u53d7\u6cb9\u673a\u8f93\u9001\u71c3\u6599\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u592e\u7ebf\u8f6f\u7ba1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8f93\u6cb9\u7387\u5219\u4e3a\u6bcf\u5206\u949f 470 \u52a0\u4ed1\uff081,786 \u5347\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\u56fe1-3\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Unlike the KC-135, the KC-10’s hose-and-drogue system allows refueling of Navy<\/a>, Marine Corps<\/a>, and most allied aircraft, all in one mission.[5]<\/a> The final twenty KC-10s produced included wing-mounted pods for added refueling locations.[1]<\/a> The KC-10 can carry a complement of 75 personnel with 146,000 lb (66,225 kg) of cargo, or 170,000 lb (77,110 kg) in an all-cargo configuration.[5]<\/a> With that, it can transport those weights for an unrefueled range of 4,400 miles (7,040 km).[11]<\/a> The KC-10 has a side cargo door for loading and unloading cargo. Handling equipment is required to raise and lower loads to the cargo opening. It can carry cargo and serve as a tanker on overseas missions.[12]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4e0e KC-135 \u4e0d\u540c\uff0cKC-10 \u7684\u8f6f\u7ba1\u548c\u9525\u5f62\u5957\u7cfb\u7edf\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u5355\u6b21\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u4e3a\u6d77\u519b\u3001\u6d77\u519b\u9646\u6218\u961f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u591a\u6570\u76df\u519b\u7684\u98de\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u6cb9\u3002\u6700\u540e\u751f\u4ea7\u768420\u67b6 KC-10 \u5305\u62ec\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u673a\u7ffc\u4e0a\u7684\u540a\u8231\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u589e\u52a0\u52a0\u6cb9\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002KC-10 \u53ef\u4ee5\u642d\u8f7d75\u540d\u4eba\u5458\u548c146,000\u78c5\uff0866,225\u5343\u514b\uff09\u7684\u8d27\u7269\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u5168\u8d27\u8fd0\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0b\u88c5\u8f7d170,000\u78c5\uff0877,110\u5343\u514b\uff09\u7684\u8d27\u7269\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u6cb9\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u98de\u884c4,400\u82f1\u91cc\uff087,040\u516c\u91cc\uff09\u3002KC-10 \u6709\u4e00\u4fa7\u8d27\u7269\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u88c5\u5378\u8d27\u7269\u3002\u9700\u8981\u88c5\u5378\u8bbe\u5907\u6765\u63d0\u5347\u548c\u964d\u4f4e\u8d27\u7269\u5230\u8d27\u7269\u5f00\u53e3\u5904\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u643a\u5e26\u8d27\u7269\u5e76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52a0\u6cb9\u673a\u6267\u884c\u6d77\u5916\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3 \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55 | Further developments<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u56fe1-4\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

A need for new transport aircraft for the Royal Netherlands Air Force<\/a> (Koninklijke Luchtmacht<\/em>) was first identified in 1984.[13]<\/a> The 1991 Gulf War<\/a> highlighted the deficiencies in mobility of European forces.[14]<\/a> In 1991 four categories of transport requirements were established. Category A required a large cargo aircraft with a range of at least 4,500 km and the capability to refuel F-16s. In 1992, two DC-10-30CFs were acquired from Martinair<\/a> in a buy\/leaseback<\/a> contract. When one of the two aircraft was lost in the Martinair Flight 495<\/a> crash, a third aircraft was bought from Martinair.[13]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8377\u5170\u7687\u5bb6\u7a7a\u519b\uff08Koninklijke Luchtmacht\uff09\u5bf9\u65b0\u578b\u8fd0\u8f93\u673a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6700\u65e9\u57281984\u5e74\u88ab\u786e\u8ba4\u30021991\u5e74\u7684\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u7a81\u663e\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u90e8\u961f\u5728\u673a\u52a8\u6027\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u30021991\u5e74\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u8fd0\u8f93\u9700\u6c42\u7c7b\u522b\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u7c7b\u522bA\u8981\u6c42\u5927\u578b\u8d27\u673a\u81f3\u5c11\u67094,500\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u822a\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5177\u5907\u4e3aF-16\u6218\u6597\u673a\u52a0\u6cb9\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u30021992\u5e74\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e70\/\u79df\u56de\u5408\u540c\u4ece\u9a6c\u4e01\u822a\u7a7a\uff08Martinair\uff09\u8d2d\u5165\u4e86\u4e24\u67b6DC-10-30CF\u98de\u673a\u3002\u5f53\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u67b6\u98de\u673a\u5728\u9a6c\u4e01\u822a\u7a7a495\u53f7\u822a\u73ed\u4e8b\u6545\u4e2d\u635f\u5931\u540e\uff0c\u53c8\u4ece\u9a6c\u4e01\u822a\u7a7a\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u67b6\u98de\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conversion was handled via the United States foreign military sales<\/a> program, which contracted McDonnell Douglas. Costs for the conversion were initially estimated at $89.5 million (FY 1994). The aircraft were to be equipped with both a boom and a probe and drogue system. Because McDonnell Douglas did not have any experience with the requested Remote Aerial Refueling Operator (RARO) system, and because the third aircraft differed from the original two, the program could not be completed at budget. By omitting the probe and drogue system and a fixed partition wall between the cargo and passenger, the cost could be limited at $96 million.[13]<\/a>
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To make up for the cost increase McDonnell Douglas hired Dutch companies to do part of the work. The conversion of the aircraft was performed by KLM<\/a> and was done from October 1994 to September 1995 for the first aircraft and from February to December 1995 for the second. This was much longer than planned, mostly because McDonnell Douglas delivered the parts late. This would have again increased the cost, but in the contract for the AH-64 Apaches<\/a> which the Royal Netherlands Air Force also bought from McDonnell Douglas, the price was agreed to be kept at $96 million.[13]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f25\u8865\u6210\u672c\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u5510\u7eb3\u00b7\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u8058\u8bf7\u4e86\u8377\u5170\u516c\u53f8\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u98de\u673a\u7684\u6539\u88c5\u7531\u8377\u5170\u7687\u5bb6\u822a\u7a7a\uff08KLM\uff09\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u67b6\u98de\u673a\u7684\u6539\u88c5\u4ece1994\u5e7410\u6708\u81f31995\u5e749\u6708\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u67b6\u5219\u4ece1995\u5e742\u6708\u81f312\u6708\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u6bd4\u539f\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8981\u957f\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u9ea6\u514b\u5510\u7eb3\u00b7\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u4ea4\u4ed8\u96f6\u90e8\u4ef6\u5ef6\u8bef\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4f1a\u518d\u6b21\u589e\u52a0\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8377\u5170\u7687\u5bb6\u7a7a\u519b\u4ece\u9ea6\u514b\u5510\u7eb3\u00b7\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u8d2d\u4e70AH-64\u963f\u5e15\u5947\u76f4\u5347\u673a\u7684\u5408\u540c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ef7\u683c\u4fdd\u6301\u57289600\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2010 the USAF awarded a contract to Boeing to upgrade the fleet of 59 aircraft with new Communication, navigation and surveillance<\/a> and air traffic management (CNS\/ATM) system. This was to allow the aircraft to fly in civil airspace as new ICAO<\/a> and FAA<\/a> standards took effect in 2015.[15]<\/a> Rockwell Collins was awarded a contract in 2011 for avionics and systems integration for the cockpit modernization program.[16]<\/a>[17]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f25\u8865\u6210\u672c\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u5510\u7eb3\u00b7\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u8058\u8bf7\u4e86\u8377\u5170\u516c\u53f8\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u98de\u673a\u7684\u6539\u88c5\u7531\u8377\u5170\u7687\u5bb6\u822a\u7a7a\uff08KLM\uff09\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u67b6\u98de\u673a\u7684\u6539\u88c5\u4ece1994\u5e7410\u6708\u81f31995\u5e749\u6708\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u67b6\u5219\u4ece1995\u5e742\u6708\u81f312\u6708\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u6bd4\u539f\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8981\u957f\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u9ea6\u514b\u5510\u7eb3\u00b7\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u4ea4\u4ed8\u96f6\u90e8\u4ef6\u5ef6\u8bef\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4f1a\u518d\u6b21\u589e\u52a0\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8377\u5170\u7687\u5bb6\u7a7a\u519b\u4ece\u9ea6\u514b\u5510\u7eb3\u00b7\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u8d2d\u4e70AH-64\u963f\u5e15\u5947\u76f4\u5347\u673a\u7684\u5408\u540c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ef7\u683c\u4fdd\u6301\u57289600\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.4 \u5b50\u578b\u53f7 | Variants<\/h3>\n\n\n\n