{"id":3804,"date":"2024-08-21T11:26:21","date_gmt":"2024-08-21T03:26:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=3804"},"modified":"2025-01-30T22:17:35","modified_gmt":"2025-01-30T14:17:35","slug":"oecd-fulltext-zhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2024\/08\/21\/oecd-fulltext-zhen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u7ec4\u7ec7(\u7ecf\u5408\u7ec4\u7ec7) \/ OECD – \uff08\u5168\u6587\uff09\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u878d\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>
\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>
\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u5e76\u8865\u5145\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5728\u4e8c\u8005\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u665a\u66f4\u65b0\u8005\u4e3a\u51c6\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5408\u89c4\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u4e0a\u4f20\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u5b57\u91c7\u7528\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3<\/strong>\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c\u97f3\u8282\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u58f0\u8c03\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u8fbd\u89c2\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u642c\u8fd0\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5df2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\uff0c\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a<\/a>\u3002\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff08Wikipedia\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8bd1\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/strong> <\/p>\n\u8fbd\u89c2\u6240\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e00\u9053\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167\u7248\u672c<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u548c\u89c6\u9891\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u6d88\u6b67\u4e49\u63d0\u793a\u3011\u63d0\u793a<\/strong>\uff1a\u6b64\u6761\u76ee\u9875\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u4e0d\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u4f5c\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/a><\/strong>\u3002
\u3010\u6d88\u6b67\u4e49\u63d0\u793a\u3011Not to be confused with OSCE<\/a>.\u3010”\u4e0d\u8981\u4e0e\u6b27\u5b89\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08OSCE\uff09\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002”\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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0. \u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\u3011\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development<\/strong> (OECD<\/strong>; French<\/a>: Organisation de coop\u00e9ration et de d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomiques, OCDE<\/strong><\/em>) is an intergovernmental organisation<\/a> with 38 member countries,[1]<\/a>[4]<\/a> founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade<\/a>. It is a forum<\/a> whose member countries describe themselves as committed to democracy<\/a> and the market economy<\/a>, providing a platform to compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practices, and coordinate domestic and international policies of its members.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08OECD\uff1b\u6cd5\u8bed\uff1aOrganisation de coop\u00e9ration et de d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomiques\uff0cOCDE\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u753138\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1961\u5e74\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fdb\u6b65\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u8d38\u6613\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bba\u575b\uff0c\u5176\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u81ea\u79f0\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u4e3a\u6bd4\u8f83\u653f\u7b56\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u5bfb\u6c42\u5171\u540c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3001\u786e\u5b9a\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u4ee5\u53ca\u534f\u8c03\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u7b56\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e73\u53f0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The majority of OECD members are high-income economies<\/a> ranked as “very high” in the Human Development Index<\/a>, and are regarded as developed countries<\/a>. As of 2024 their collective population is 1.38 billion[5]<\/a> people with an average life expectancy of 80 years and a median age<\/a> of 40, against a global average of 30.[6]<\/a> As of 2017, OECD Member countries collectively comprised 62.2% of global nominal GDP<\/a> (USD<\/a> 49.6 trillion)[7]<\/a> and 42.8% of global GDP<\/a> (Int$<\/a>54.2 trillion) at purchasing power parity<\/a>.[8]<\/a> The OECD is an official United Nations observer<\/a>.[9]<\/a> OECD nations have strong social security systems<\/a>; their average social welfare spending<\/a> stood at roughly 21% of GDP.[10]<\/a>[11]<\/a>[12]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5927\u591a\u6570OECD\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u662f\u9ad8\u6536\u5165\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u6307\u6570\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u622a\u81f32024\u5e74\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u4e3a13.8\u4ebf\u4eba\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u9884\u671f\u5bff\u547d\u4e3a80\u5c81\uff0c\u4e2d\u4f4d\u5e74\u9f84\u4e3a40\u5c81\uff0c\u800c\u5168\u7403\u5e73\u5747\u6c34\u5e73\u4e3a30\u5c81\u3002\u622a\u81f32017\u5e74\uff0cOECD\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u96c6\u4f53\u5360\u5168\u7403\u540d\u4e49GDP\u768462.2%\uff0849.6\u4e07\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\uff0c\u6309\u8d2d\u4e70\u529b\u5e73\u4ef7\u8ba1\u7b97\u5219\u536042.8%\uff0854.2\u4e07\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\u3002OECD\u662f\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u89c2\u5bdf\u5458\u3002OECD\u56fd\u5bb6\u62e5\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u4f53\u7cfb\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\u652f\u51fa\u7ea6\u5360GDP\u768421%\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The OECD’s headquarters are at the Ch\u00e2teau de la Muette<\/a> in Paris<\/a>, France, which housed its predecessor organization, the Organization for European Economic Co-operation.[13]<\/a> The OECD is funded by contributions from member countries at varying rates and had a total budget of \u20ac<\/a>338.3 million in 2023,[3]<\/a> and is recognised as a highly influential publisher of mostly economic data through publications as well as annual evaluations and rankings of member countries.[14]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011OECD\u7684\u603b\u90e8\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6cd5\u56fd\u5df4\u9ece\u7684\u62c9\u7a46\u7279\u57ce\u5821\uff08Ch\u00e2teau de la Muette\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u5efa\u7b51\u66fe\u662f\u5176\u524d\u8eab\u7ec4\u7ec7\u2014\u2014\u6b27\u6d32\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u4f5c\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08Organization for European Economic Co-operation\uff09\u7684\u6240\u5728\u5730\u3002OECD\u901a\u8fc7\u6765\u81ea\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6bd4\u7387\u8d21\u732e\u83b7\u5f97\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c2023\u5e74\u7684\u603b\u9884\u7b97\u4e3a3.383\u4ebf\u6b27\u5143\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u6bcf\u5e74\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u548c\u6392\u540d\u800c\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6570\u636e\u800c\u88ab\u516c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\u56fe0-1\u81f30-3\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
Abbreviation\u3010\u7f29\u5199\u3011<\/th>OECD \u00b7 OCDE<\/td><\/tr>
Established\u3010\u521b\u7acb\u4e8e\u3011<\/th>16 April 1948 (as OEEC)
\u30101948\u5e744\u670816\u65e5\uff08\u4f5c\u4e3aOEEC\u6b27\u6d32\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u4f5c\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff09\u3011
30 September 1961 (as OECD)
\u30101961\u5e749\u670830\u65e5\uff08\u4f5c\u4e3aOECD\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Type\u3010\u7c7b\u578b\u3011<\/th>Intergovernmental organisation\u3010\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Headquarters\u3010\u603b\u90e8\u3011<\/th>Ch\u00e2teau de la Muette
Paris, France
\u3010\u6cd5\u56fd\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u62c9\u7a46\u7279\u57ce\u5821\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Membership\u3010\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u3011<\/th>38 countries[1][2]\u301038\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Official languages\u3010\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u3011<\/th>English\u3010\u82f1\u8bed\u3011
French\u3010\u6cd5\u8bed\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Secretary-General\u3010\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u3011<\/th>Mathias Cormann<\/td><\/tr>
Deputy Secretaries-General\u3010\u526f\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u3011<\/th>Ulrik Vestergaard Knudsen
Yoshiki Takeuchi
Fabrizia Lapecorella<\/td><\/tr>
Budget\u3010\u9884\u7b97\u3011<\/th>\u20ac383.4 million (2023)[3]\u30103.834\u4ebf\u6b27\u5143\uff082023\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Website\u3010\u7f51\u7ad9\u3011<\/th>http:\/\/oecd.org<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1. \u5386\u53f2 | History<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1.1 \u6b27\u6d32\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u4f5c\u7ec4\u7ec7 | Organisation for European Economic Co-operation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u56fe1-1\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

The OECD is the successor organization to the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC),<\/strong>[15]<\/a> established in April 1948<\/a> among the European recipients of Marshall Plan<\/a> aid for the reconstruction of Europe after World War II<\/a>.[16]<\/a>[17]<\/a>[18]<\/a> Only Western European states were members of the OEEC, whose primary function was the allocation of American aid. Its Secretaries-General[19]<\/a> were the Frenchmen Robert Marjolin<\/a> (1948\u20131955) and Ren\u00e9 Sergent (1955\u20131960). It was headquartered in the Ch\u00e2teau de la Muette<\/a> in Paris.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011OECD\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u4f5c\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08OEEC\uff09\u7684\u7ee7\u4efb\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c[15] OEEC\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1948\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u540e\u63a5\u6536\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u8ba1\u5212\u63f4\u52a9\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u91cd\u5efa\u6b27\u6d32\u3002[16][17][18]\u53ea\u6709\u897f\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\u662fOEEC\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u804c\u80fd\u662f\u5206\u914d\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u79d8\u4e66\u957f[19]\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u9a6c\u4e54\u6797\uff081948-1955\u5e74\uff09\u548c\u96f7\u5185\u00b7\u585e\u5c14\u8ba9\uff081955-1960\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u603b\u90e8\u8bbe\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u5df4\u9ece\u7684\u62c9\u7a46\u7279\u57ce\u5821\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Following the end of Marshall aid in 1952, the OEEC focused on economic issues.[15]<\/a> Its coordinating role was challenged after the 1957 Rome Treaties<\/a> establishing the European Economic Community<\/a> and Euratom<\/a>. The OEEC provided a framework for negotiations aimed at setting up a European Free Trade Area<\/a>, to bring the EEC’s Inner Six<\/a> and other OEEC members together on a multilateral basis. In 1958, a European Nuclear Energy Agency<\/a> was set up in response to Euratom.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u968f\u77401952\u5e74\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u63f4\u52a9\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\uff0cOEEC\u5f00\u59cb\u5173\u6ce8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u3002[15]1957\u5e74\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u8054\u8425\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cOEEC\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u4f5c\u7528\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u6311\u6218\u3002OEEC\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8c08\u5224\u8bbe\u7acb\u6b27\u6d32\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u533a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6b27\u6d32\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u516d\u56fd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6OEEC\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u5728\u591a\u8fb9\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u30021958\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u8054\u8425\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u6838\u80fd\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By this time, some leading countries felt that the OEEC had outlived its purpose but could be adapted to fulfil a more global mission, which proved to be a cumbersome task. Following several (occasionally unruly) meetings at the Hotel Majestic<\/a> in Paris, which began in January 1960, a resolution was reached to create a body that would not only solve European and Atlantic economic issues, but also devise policies that could assist less developed countries. This reconstituted organisation would bring the US and Canada, who were already OEEC observers, on board as full members, and the OEEC would set to work straight away on convincing Japan<\/a> to join the organisation.[20]<\/a>[21]<\/a>[22]<\/a>
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1.2 \u6210\u7acb | Founding<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Convention on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development<\/a> was signed on 14 December 1960, and the OECD officially superseded the OEEC in September 1961, consisting of the European founder countries of the OEEC, with the additions of the United States and Canada. Three countries, (Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Italy)\u2014all OEEC members\u2014ratified the OECD Convention after September 1961, but are nevertheless considered founding members. The official founding members are the following:
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