{"id":3942,"date":"2024-08-30T16:36:19","date_gmt":"2024-08-30T08:36:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=3942"},"modified":"2025-01-30T22:15:03","modified_gmt":"2025-01-30T14:15:03","slug":"yangon-fulltext-zhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2024\/08\/30\/yangon-fulltext-zhen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4ef0\u5149 \/ Yangon -\uff08\u5168\u6587\uff09\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u878d\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>
\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>
\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u5e76\u8865\u5145\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5728\u4e8c\u8005\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u665a\u66f4\u65b0\u8005\u4e3a\u51c6\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5408\u89c4\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u4e0a\u4f20\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u5b57\u91c7\u7528\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3<\/strong>\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c\u97f3\u8282\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u58f0\u8c03\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u8fbd\u89c2\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1<\/a>\u642c\u8fd0\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5df2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\uff0c\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a<\/a>\u3002\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff08Wikipedia\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8bd1\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\u8fbd\u89c2\u6240\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e00\u9053\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167\u7248\u672c<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u548c\u89c6\u9891\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u9875\u9762\u6709\u7f05\u6587<\/a>\u5b57\u6bcd<\/strong>\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/a>\u53ca\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668<\/a>\u987b\u652f\u6301\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e0e\u7b26\u53f7<\/a>\u624d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u7f05\u6587\u5b57\u6bcd<\/a>\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u6210\u4e71\u7801<\/a>\u3001\u95ee\u53f7\u3001\u7a7a\u683c\u7b49\u5176\u5b83\u7b26\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0. \u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\u3011\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\u56fe0-1\u81f30-7\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

0.1 \u6587\u5b57\u8bf4\u660e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\u3011\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ef0\u5149<\/strong>\uff08\u7f05\u7538\u8bed<\/a>\uff1a\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\uff0c\u7dec\u7538\u8a9e\u767c\u97f3\uff1a<\/small>[j\u00e0\u0270\u0303\u0261\u00f2\u028a\u0270\u0303]<\/a> \uff0cYa\u00f1\u1e35ou\u00f1\uff0c\u7f05\u7538\u8bed\u59d4\u8f6c\u5199<\/a>\uff1aran-kun<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u539f\u79f0\u5927\u5149<\/strong>\uff08\u5b5f\u8bed\uff1a\u101c\u1002\u102f\u1004\u103a la.gung<\/em>\uff1b\u7f05\u7538\u8bed<\/a>\uff1a\u1012\u1002\u102f\u1036 D\u0103gou\u00f1\uff0c\u7f05\u7538\u8bed\u59d4\u8f6c\u5199<\/a>\uff1ada.guN<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u7f05\u7538<\/a>\u6700\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u4e5f\u662f\u4ef0\u5149\u7701<\/a>\u9996\u5e9c\uff0c\u539f\u4e3a\u7f05\u7538\u9996\u90fd<\/a>\uff082005\u5e7411\u67086\u65e5\u8fc1\u81f3\u5185\u6bd4\u90fd<\/a>\uff09\uff0c[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u4eba\u53e3\u7ea6735\u4e07\uff082014\u5e74\u7edf\u8ba1\uff09\uff0c\u9762\u79ef\u4e3a312\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4ef0\u5149\u6cb3<\/a>\u6cb3\u5cb8\uff0c\u4f0a\u6d1b\u74e6\u5e95\u6c5f<\/a>\u4e09\u89d2\u6d32\u3002\u4ef0\u5149\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5317\u7eac16\u00b048’\uff0c\u4e1c\u7ecf96\u00b09’\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u65f6\u533a\u662f\u534f\u8c03\u4e16\u754c\u65f6<\/a>\u52a0\u4e0a\u516d\u4e2a\u534a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u51fa\u53e3\u6709\u7c73<\/a>\u3001\u67da\u6728<\/a>\u3001\u77f3\u6cb9<\/a>\u3001\u68c9\u82b1<\/a>\u548c\u5404\u7c7b\u91d1\u5c5e<\/a>\u77ff\u85cf\u7b49\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a<\/a>\u7684\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u4ef0\u5149\u76f8\u5bf9\u5730\u4e0d\u592a\u7e41\u8363\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5e02\u5185\u5efa\u7b51\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u5916\u8d44\u6ce8\u5165\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\uff08\u5982\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u3001\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u97e9\u56fd\u7b49\u56fd\uff09\u3002\u5e02\u5185\u7684\u4e0b\u57ce\u533a\u53ca\u5927\u4ef0\u5149\u5730\u533a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u8fde\u9501\u4f4f\u5b85\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u697c\u5b87\u88ab\u91cd\u5efa\u6216\u6539\u5efa\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u4ef0\u5149\u62e5\u6709\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u6700\u591a\u7684\u524d\u6b96\u6c11\u5730<\/a>\u5efa\u7b51\u3002\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5efa\u7b51\u5185\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662<\/a>\u3001\u5e02\u653f\u5385<\/a>\u3001\u6602\u5c71<\/a>\u5c06\u519b\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u516c\u7acb\u533b\u9662<\/a>\uff09\u4e5f\u88ab\u5217\u5165\u91cd\u5efa\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u65b0\u57ce\u533a\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8fd1\u90ca\u7684\u5730\u533a\u4ecd\u5c5e\u8d2b\u7a77\u5730\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yangon<\/strong> (Burmese<\/a>: \u101b\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a; pronounced [j\u00e0\u0270\u0303.\u0261\u00f2\u028a\u0270\u0303]<\/a>), formerly romanized<\/a> as Rangoon<\/strong>,[4]<\/a>[5]<\/a><\/sup> is the capital of the Yangon Region<\/a> and the largest city of Myanmar<\/a> (also known as Burma). Yangon served as the capital of Myanmar<\/a> until 2006, when the military government<\/a> relocated the administrative functions to the purpose-built capital city of Naypyidaw<\/a> in north central Myanmar.[6]<\/a><\/sup> With over five million people, Yangon is Myanmar’s most populous city and its most important commercial centre.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4ef0\u5149\uff08\u7f05\u7538\u8bed\uff1a\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\uff1b\u53d1\u97f3\uff1a[j\u00e0\u0270\u0303.\u0261\u00f2\u028a\u0270\u0303]\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u88ab\u62c9\u4e01\u5316\u4e3aRangoon\uff0c\u662f\u7f05\u7538\uff08\u53c8\u79f0\u7f05\u7538\uff09\u4ef0\u5149\u7701\u7684\u9996\u5e9c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8be5\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u76f4\u52302006\u5e74\uff0c\u7f05\u7538\u519b\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u884c\u653f\u529f\u80fd\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7f05\u7538\u4e2d\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u7279\u522b\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u65b0\u9996\u90fd\u5185\u6bd4\u90fd\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ef0\u5149\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u7f05\u7538\u7684\u9996\u90fd\u3002\u4ef0\u5149\u4eba\u53e3\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e94\u767e\u4e07\uff0c\u662f\u7f05\u7538\u4eba\u53e3\u6700\u591a\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5176\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yangon boasts the largest number of colonial-era buildings in Southeast Asia,[7]<\/a><\/sup> and has a unique colonial-era urban core<\/a> that is remarkably intact.[8]<\/a><\/sup> The colonial-era commercial core is centered around the Sule Pagoda<\/a>, which is reputed to be over 2,000 years old.[9]<\/a><\/sup> The city is also home to the gilded Shwedagon Pagoda<\/a> \u2013 Myanmar’s most sacred and famous Buddhist pagoda.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4ef0\u5149\u62e5\u6709\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u6700\u591a\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7279\u4e14\u4fdd\u5b58\u5b8c\u597d\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u533a\u3002\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u636e\u8bf4\u5df2\u6709\u8d85\u8fc72000\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u82cf\u96f7\u5b9d\u5854\u3002\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u8fd8\u62e5\u6709\u9540\u91d1\u7684\u820d\u536b\u57ce\u5b9d\u5854\u2014\u2014\u7f05\u7538\u6700\u795e\u5723\u548c\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u5b9d\u5854\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yangon suffers from deeply inadequate infrastructure<\/a>, especially compared to other major cities in Southeast Asia<\/a>, such as Jakarta<\/a>, Bangkok<\/a> or Hanoi<\/a>. Though many historic residential and commercial buildings have been renovated throughout central Yangon, most satellite towns that ring the city continue to be profoundly impoverished and lack basic infrastructure.[10]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4e0e\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u8981\u57ce\u5e02\u5982\u96c5\u52a0\u8fbe\u3001\u66fc\u8c37\u6216\u6cb3\u5185\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4ef0\u5149\u5728\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ef0\u5149\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5386\u53f2\u4f4f\u5b85\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u5efa\u7b51\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ffb\u65b0\uff0c\u4f46\u73af\u7ed5\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u536b\u661f\u9547\u4ecd\u7136\u6781\u5ea6\u8d2b\u56f0\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0.2 \u6982\u51b5\u8868\u683c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\u3011\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\u56fe0-8\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
Coordinates (Asia\/Yangon)\u3010\u7ecf\u7eac\u5ea6\u5750\u6807\u3011: \"\"16\u00b047\u203242\u2033N 96\u00b009\u203236\u2033E<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Country<\/a>\u3010\u56fd\u5bb6\u3011<\/th>\"\" Myanmar<\/a>\u3010\u7f05\u7538\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Region<\/a>\u3010\u5730\u533a\u3011<\/th>Yangon Region<\/a>\u3010\u4ef0\u5149\u5730\u533a\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Settled\u3010\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e\u3011<\/th>c.\u20091028\u20131043 CE\u3010\u7ea6\u516c\u51431028\u5e74\u81f31043\u5e74\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Government\u3010\u653f\u5e9c\u3011<\/th><\/tr>
 \u2022 Mayor\u3010\u5e02\u957f\u3011<\/th>Bo Htay[citation needed<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup><\/td><\/tr>
Area[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u3010\u9762\u79ef\u3011<\/th><\/tr>
 \u2022 Urban\u3010\u5efa\u6210\u533a\u9762\u79ef\u3011<\/th>598.75 km2<\/sup> (231.18 sq mi)<\/td><\/tr>
 \u2022 Metro\u3010\u90fd\u5e02\u533a\u9762\u79ef\u3011<\/th>10,170 km2<\/sup> (3,930 sq mi)<\/td><\/tr>
 \u2022 Rank\u3010\u6392\u540d\u3011<\/th>division<\/td><\/tr>
Population (2014 Census<\/a>)\u3010\u4eba\u53e3\uff082014\u5e74\u666e\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c\uff09\u3011<\/th><\/tr>
 \u2022 Urban<\/a>\u3010\u57ce\u5e02\u5efa\u6210\u533a\u4eba\u53e3\u3011<\/th>5,160,512<\/td><\/tr>
 \u2022 Urban density\u3010\u5efa\u6210\u533a\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3011<\/th>8,600\/km2<\/sup> (22,000\/sq mi)<\/td><\/tr>
 \u2022 Rural<\/a>\u3010\u519c\u6751\u4eba\u53e3\u3011<\/th>2,200,191<\/td><\/tr>
 \u2022 Metro<\/a>[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u3010\u90fd\u4f1a\u533a\u4eba\u53e3\u3011<\/th>7,360,703 (Yangon Region<\/a>)\u3010\u4ef0\u5149\u5730\u533a\u4eba\u53e3\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
 \u2022 Ethnicities\u3010\u6c11\u65cf\/\u65cf\u7fa4\u3011<\/th>Bamar<\/a>\u3010\u7f05\u65cf\u3011
Burmese Chinese<\/a>\u3010\u7f05\u7538\u534e\u88d4\u3011
Burmese Indians<\/a>\u3010\u7f05\u7538\u5370\u5ea6\u88d4\u3011
Chin<\/a>\u3010\u94a6\u65cf\u3011
Rakhine<\/a>\u3010\u82e5\u5f00\u65cf\u3011
Mon<\/a>\u3010\u5b5f\u65cf\u3011
Karen<\/a>\u3010\u514b\u4f26\u65cf\u3011
Shan<\/a>\u3010\u63b8\u65cf\u3011
Kayah<\/a>\u3010\u5361\u96c5\u65cf\uff08\u514b\u96c5\u65cf\uff09\u3011
Kachin<\/a>\u3010\u514b\u94a6\u65cf\u3011<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
 \u2022 Religions\u3010\u5b97\u6559\u3011<\/th>Buddhism<\/a> 91%\u3010\u4f5b\u6559\u3011
Islam<\/a> 4.7%\u3010\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u3011
Christianity<\/a> 3.2%\u3010\u57fa\u7763\u5b97\u6559\u3011
Hinduism<\/a> 1.0%\u3010\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u3011
Others 0.1%\u3010\u5176\u4ed6\u3011<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Demonym<\/a>\u3010\u5bf9\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u7684\u79f0\u547c\u3011<\/th>Yangonite<\/td><\/tr>
GDP[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u3010\u56fd\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\u3011<\/th><\/tr>
 \u2022 Metro\u3010\u90fd\u4f1a\u533a\u603b\u503c\u3011<\/th>US$<\/a> 10.7 billion (2016)\u3010107\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff082016\u5e74\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Time zones<\/a>\u3010\u65f6\u533a\u3011<\/th>UTC+06:30<\/a> (Asia\/Yangon<\/a> or Asia\/Rangoon<\/a>)
UTC+06:30<\/a> (Myanmar Time<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr>
Area code<\/a>\u3010\u5730\u533a\u4ee3\u7801\u3011<\/th>01<\/td><\/tr>
Geocode<\/a>\u3010\u5730\u7406\u5b9e\u4f53\u79f0\u547c\u3011<\/th>Yangon<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
ISO 3166 code<\/a>\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5730\u533a\u4ee3\u7801\u3011<\/th>MM06<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Vehicle registration<\/a>\u3010\u8f66\u724c\u53f7\u4ee3\u7801\u3011<\/th>YGN<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Website\u3010\u7f51\u7ad9\u3011<\/th>yangon.gov.mm<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

0.3 \u8bcd\u6e90\u548c\u53d1\u97f3 | Etymology and pronunciation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1753\u5e74\uff0c\u96cd\u7c4d\u7259<\/a>\u56fd\u738b\u5efa\u90fd\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u4ef0\u5149\u53ea\u662f\u5c0f\u6e14\u6751\u3002\u4ef0\u5149\u539f\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5927\u5149\u201d\uff08\u1012\u1002\u102f\u1036 \u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u101a\u103a\uff09\uff0c\u4e8e1755\u5e74\u6539\u540d\u4e3a\u4ef0\u5149\u3002\u201c\u4ef0\u5149\u201d\uff08\u7f05\u7538\u8bed<\/a>\uff1a\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\uff09\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u201c\u101b\u1014\u103a<\/em>\uff08yan<\/em>\uff09\u201d\u548c\u201c\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a<\/em>\uff08gon<\/em>\uff09\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u6307\u201c\u654c\u4eba\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ed3\u675f\u201d\uff0c \u4e5f\u662f\u201c\u548c\u5e73\u201d \u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The name Yangon<\/em> (\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a) is derived from the combination of the Burmese<\/a> words yan<\/em> (\u101b\u1014\u103a<\/a>) and koun<\/em> (\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a<\/a>), which mean ‘enemies’ and ‘run out of’, respectively. This word combination can be translated as ‘End of Strife’.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4ef0\u5149\uff08\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u7f05\u7538\u8bed\u5355\u8bcdyan\uff08\u101b\u1014\u103a\uff09\u548ckoun\uff08\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\uff09\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u654c\u4eba\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8017\u5c3d\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u8bed\u7ec4\u5408\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u4e89\u7aef\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The name is pronounced \/\u02ccj\u00e6\u014b\u02c8\u0261\u0252n\/<\/a> yang-GON<\/em><\/a> in British English and \/\u02ccj\u0251\u02d0n\u02c8\u0261o\u028an\/<\/a> yahn-GOHN<\/em><\/a> in American English.[11]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5728\u82f1\u5f0f\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u53d1\u97f3\u4e3a \/\u02ccj\u00e6\u014b\u02c8\u0261\u0252n\/ yang-GON\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u5f0f\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u53d1\u97f3\u4e3a \/\u02ccj\u0251\u02d0n\u02c8\u0261o\u028an\/ yahn-GOHN\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The former romanization, Rangoon<\/em>, was based on the Rakhine dialect<\/a>,[12]<\/a><\/sup> and pronounced \/r\u00e6\u014b\u02c8\u0261u\u02d0n\/<\/a> rang-GOON<\/em><\/a> in English.[13]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u5316\u5f62\u5f0fRangoon\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u82e5\u5f00\u65b9\u8a00\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u53d1\u97f3\u4e3a \/r\u00e6\u014b\u02c8\u0261u\u02d0n\/ rang-GOON\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u5386\u53f2 | History<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

See also: List of name changes in Yangon<\/a>\u3010\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u4ef0\u5149\u7684\u6539\u540d\u5217\u8868\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Yangon<\/a>.\u3010\u6b32\u4e86\u89e3\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u7684\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u201c\u4ef0\u5149\u5927\u4e8b\u8bb0\u201d\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.1 \u65e9\u671f\u5386\u53f2 | Early history<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u4ef0\u5149\u4e8e 11 \u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff08\u7ea6\u20091028-1043 \u5e74\uff09\u7531\u5f53\u65f6\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u4e0b\u7f05\u7538<\/a>\u7684\u5b5f\u65cf<\/a>\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u540d\u4e3a\u5927\u5149\u3002[4]<\/a><\/sup>\u4ece 14 \u4e16\u7eaa\u52c3\u56fa\u738b\u671d<\/a>\u65f6\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5927\u5149\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u671d\u5723\u57ce\u9547\u3002\u5927\u5149\u7684\u8457\u540d\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u5305\u62ec\u4ece 1364 \u5e74\u81f3 1392 \u5e74\u7edf\u6cbb\u8be5\u9547\u7684\u739b\u54c8\u5fb7\u5a01\u516c\u4e3b<\/a>[5]<\/a><\/sup>\u548c\u5979\u7684\u4f84\u5b59\u5973\u4fe1\u7ecd\u5e03<\/a>\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u7f05\u7538\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4f4d\u5973\u738b\u3002[6]<\/a>[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Queen Saw Pu built a palace next to the Shwedagon Pagoda<\/a> in the town in 1460 and spent her semi-retired life at that palace until her death in 1471.[16]<\/a>[17]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5973\u738b\u4fe1\u7ecd\u5e03<\/a>\u4e8e1460\u5e74\u5728\u9547\u4e0a\u7684\u820d\u536b\u57ce\u5b9d\u5854\u65c1\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u5ea7\u5bab\u6bbf\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u534a\u9000\u4f11\u5730\u751f\u6d3b\u76f4\u81f31471\u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1755\u5e74\uff0c\u8d21\u699c\u738b\u671d<\/a>\u7684\u5f00\u56fd\u541b\u4e3b\u96cd\u7b08\u7259<\/a>\u653b\u5360\u4e86\u5927\u5149\uff0c\u6269\u5f20\u4e86\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5927\u5149\u6539\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u4ef0\u5149\u201d\u3002\u5927\u7ea6\u57281790\u5e74\u4ee3\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8<\/a>\u5728\u4ef0\u5149\u5f00\u8bbe\u4e86\u4e00\u5bb6\u5de5\u5382\u30021823 \u5e74\u4ef0\u5149\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u4f30\u8ba1\u7ea6\u4e3a 30,000 \u4eba\u5de6\u53f3\u3002[8]<\/a><\/sup>\u82f1\u56fd<\/a>\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u82f1\u7f05\u6218\u4e89<\/a>\u671f\u95f4\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u4ef0\u5149\uff0c\u4f46\u6218\u540e\u5c06\u8be5\u57ce\u5e02\u5f52\u8fd8\u7ed9\u7f05\u7538\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u8be5\u57ce\u540e\u4e8e1841\u5e74\u6bc1\u4e8e\u4e00\u573a\u5927\u706b\u3002[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2 \u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\uff081852\u20141948\uff09| Colonial Rangoon (1852\u20131948)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u56fe1-1\u81f31-3\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

1852\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u82f1\u7f05\u6218\u4e89<\/a>\u4e2d\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u4ef0\u5149\u548c\u6574\u4e2a\u4e0b\u7f05\u7538\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5c06\u4ef0\u5149\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u82f1\u5c5e\u7f05\u7538<\/a>\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u5c06\u82f1\u5c5e\u7f05\u7538\u7684\u9996\u90fd\u4ece\u66fc\u5fb7\u52d2<\/a>\u8fc1\u81f3\u4ef0\u5149\u3002[10]<\/a>[11]<\/a><\/sup>\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u65f6\u9646\u519b\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u5f17\u96f7\u6cfd\u4e2d\u5c09(Lt. Alexander Fraser)\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u8ba1\u5212\u5728\u4e09\u89d2\u6d32\u4e0a\u5efa\u9020\u4e00\u5ea7\u68cb\u76d8\u72b6\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u4e1c\u9762\u7d27\u90bb\u5e15\u5c0a\u5f53\u6eaa<\/a>\uff0c\u897f\u5357\u8fb9\u5219\u7d27\u90bb\u4ef0\u5149\u6cb3<\/a>\u30021885\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u82f1\u7f05\u6218\u4e89<\/a>\u5360\u9886\u4e0a\u7f05\u7538<\/a>\u540e\uff0c\u4ef0\u5149\u6210\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u82f1\u5c5e\u7f05\u7538\u7684\u9996\u90fd\u3002\u5230\u4e86 1890 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ef0\u5149\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u548c\u65e5\u6e10\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u57ce\u5e02\u5317\u8fb9\u4e34\u7687\u5bb6\u6e56<\/a>\u548c\u8335\u96c5\u6e56<\/a>\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u90ca\u533a<\/a>\u4f4f\u5b85\u533a\u3002[12]<\/a><\/sup>\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u8fd8\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4ef0\u5149\u603b\u533b\u9662<\/a>\u548c\u4ef0\u5149\u5927\u5b66<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ef0\u5149\u4e5f\u662f1857\u5e74\u5370\u5ea6\u8d77\u4e49<\/a>\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u5c06\u8499\u5140\u513f\u5e1d\u56fd<\/a>\uff08\u83ab\u5367\u513f\u5e1d\u56fd\uff09\u672b\u4ee3\u7687\u5e1d\u5df4\u54c8\u675c\u5c14\u00b7\u6c99\u4e8c\u4e16<\/a>\u6d41\u653e\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002[13]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4ef0\u5149\u62e5\u6709\u9762\u79ef\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u516c\u56ed\u548c\u6e56\u6cca\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u91cc\u65b0\u5efa\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u6728\u9020\u5efa\u7b51\u4e92\u76f8\u8f89\u6620\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u4e1c\u65b9\u82b1\u56ed\u57ce\u5e02\u201d\u3002[12]<\/a><\/sup>\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u4ef0\u5149\u7684\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u5efa\u8bbe\u80fd\u4e0e\u4f26\u6566\u76f8\u5ab2\u7f8e\u3002[14]<\/a><\/sup>\u5230\u4e86\u4e8c\u6218\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u4ef0\u514950\u4e07\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u7ea6\u670955%\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba<\/a>\u6216\u5357\u4e9a\u88d4<\/a>\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7ea6\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u7f05\u4eba<\/a>\u3002[15]<\/a><\/sup>\u5176\u4ed6\u65cf\u7fa4\u5219\u6709\u514b\u4f26\u65cf<\/a>\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba<\/a>\u3001\u82f1\u7f05\u6df7\u8840\u513f<\/a>\u7b49\u3002[\u6765\u6e90\u8bf7\u6c42]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218<\/a>\u540e\uff0c\u4ef0\u5149\u6210\u4e3a\u7f05\u7538\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8<\/a>\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u4ef0\u5149\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc<\/a>\u5b66\u751f\u9886\u5bfc\u8fd9\u573a\u8fd0\u52a8\u30021920\u5e74\u30011936\u5e74\u548c1938\u5e74\u4e09\u6b21\u53cd\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7f62\u5de5\u90fd\u662f\u5148\u4ece\u4ef0\u5149\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u30021930\u5e745\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u7f05\u7538\u7684\u52c3\u56fa<\/a>\u5730\u533a\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u89c4\u6a217.0\u7684\u5730\u9707\uff0c\u867d\u5f53\u65f6\u4ef0\u5149\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u53ea\u670940\u4e07\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4ef0\u5149\u670950\u4eba\u4e27\u751f[16]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u540c\u5e74\u521d\u8fd8\u53d1\u751f\u4e861930\u5e74\u4ef0\u5149\u9a9a\u4e71<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8c\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u519b\u4e8e1942\u5e743\u67088\u65e5\u5360\u9886\u4ef0\u5149\uff0c\u4ef0\u5149\u4e5f\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u906d\u53d7\u4e25\u91cd\u7834\u574f\u30021945\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u76df\u519b<\/a>\u6536\u590d\u4ef0\u5149\u30021948\u5e741\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u7f05\u7538\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u4ef0\u5149\u6210\u4e3a\u7f05\u7538\u8054\u90a6<\/a>\u7684\u9996\u90fd\u3002[17]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3 \u5f53\u4ee3\u4ef0\u5149\uff081948\u5e74\u81f3\u4eca\uff09| Contemporary Yangon (1948\u2013present)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Soon after Burma’s independence in 1948, many colonial-era names of streets and parks were changed to more nationalistic Burmese names. In 1989, the military junta<\/a> changed the city’s English name to “Yangon”, along with many other changes in English transliteration of Burmese names. (The changes have not been accepted by many Burmese who consider the junta unfit to make such changes, nor by many publications and news bureaus, including, most notably, the BBC<\/a> and foreign nations including the United Kingdom and the United States.)[27]<\/a>[28]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5728\u7f05\u75381948\u5e74\u72ec\u7acb\u4e0d\u4e45\u540e\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8857\u9053\u548c\u516c\u56ed\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\u540d\u79f0\u88ab\u6539\u6210\u4e86\u66f4\u5177\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u7f05\u7538\u540d\u79f0\u30021989\u5e74\uff0c\u519b\u4e8b\u653f\u6743\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a\u201cYangon\u201d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u7f05\u7538\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u8f6c\u5199\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u66f4\u6539\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6539\u53d8\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bb8\u591a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u519b\u653f\u5e9c\u65e0\u6743\u505a\u51fa\u6b64\u7c7b\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u7f05\u7538\u4eba\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bb8\u591a\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u548c\u65b0\u95fb\u673a\u6784\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662fBBC\u4ee5\u53ca\u5305\u62ec\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since independence, Yangon has expanded outwards. Successive governments have built satellite towns such as Thaketa<\/a>, North Okkalapa<\/a> and South Okkalapa<\/a> in the 1950s to Hlaingthaya<\/a>, Shwepyitha<\/a> and South Dagon<\/a> in the 1980s.[19]<\/a><\/sup> Today, Greater Yangon encompasses an area covering nearly 600 square kilometres (230 sq mi).[1]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u81ea\u72ec\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4ef0\u5149\u4e0d\u65ad\u5411\u5916\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5386\u5c4a\u653f\u5e9c\u57281950\u5e74\u4ee3\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u50cf\u5854\u57fa\u5854\uff08Thaketa\uff09\u3001\u5317\u6b27\u5361\u62c9\u5e15\uff08North Okkalapa\uff09\u548c\u5357\u6b27\u5361\u62c9\u5e15\uff08South Okkalapa\uff09\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u536b\u661f\u57ce\u9547\uff0c\u5230\u4e861980\u5e74\u4ee3\u53c8\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e86\u83b1\u8fbe\u96c5\uff08Hlaingthaya\uff09\u3001\u7ecd\u97e6\u8fbe\u96c5\uff08Shwepyitha\uff09\u548c\u5357\u8fbe\u8d21\uff08South Dagon\uff09\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u5927\u4ef0\u5149\u5730\u533a\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u51e0\u4e4e\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u8fd1600\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff08230\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During Ne Win<\/a>‘s isolationist rule (1962\u201388), Yangon’s infrastructure deteriorated through poor maintenance and did not keep up with its increasing population. In the 1990s, the military government’s more open market policies attracted domestic and foreign investment, bringing a modicum of modernity to the city’s infrastructure. Some inner city residents were forcibly relocated to new satellite towns. Many colonial-period buildings were demolished to make way for high-rise hotels, office buildings, and shopping malls,[29]<\/a><\/sup> leading the city government to place about 200 notable colonial-period buildings under the Yangon City Heritage List<\/a> in 1996.[30]<\/a><\/sup> Major building programs have resulted in six new bridges and five new highways linking the city to its industrial back country.[31]<\/a>[32]<\/a>[33]<\/a><\/sup> Still, much of Yangon remains without basic municipal services such as 24-hour electricity and regular garbage collection.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5728\u5948\u6e29\u5b9e\u884c\u5b64\u7acb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7edf\u6cbb\u671f\u95f4\uff081962-1988\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e0d\u5584\uff0c\u4ef0\u5149\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u6076\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u672a\u80fd\u8ddf\u4e0a\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u957f\u7684\u6b65\u4f10\u30021990\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u519b\u653f\u5e9c\u66f4\u52a0\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u653f\u7b56\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u7ed9\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e02\u533a\u5c45\u6c11\u88ab\u8feb\u642c\u8fc1\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u536b\u661f\u57ce\u9547\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u88ab\u62c6\u9664\uff0c\u4ee5\u5efa\u9020\u9ad8\u5c42\u9152\u5e97\u3001\u529e\u516c\u697c\u548c\u8d2d\u7269\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u57281996\u5e74\u5c06\u5927\u7ea6200\u5ea7\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\u5efa\u7b51\u5217\u5165\u4e86\u4ef0\u5149\u57ce\u5e02\u9057\u4ea7\u540d\u5f55\u3002\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u8ba1\u5212\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u516d\u5ea7\u65b0\u6865\u548c\u4e94\u6761\u65b0\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u7684\u5efa\u6210\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\u57ce\u5e02\u53ca\u5176\u5de5\u4e1a\u8179\u5730\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ef0\u5149\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u4ecd\u7136\u7f3a\u4e4f24\u5c0f\u65f6\u4f9b\u7535\u548c\u5b9a\u671f\u5783\u573e\u6536\u96c6\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u5e02\u653f\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yangon has become much more indigenous Burmese in its ethnic make-up since independence. After independence, many South Asians and Anglo-Burmese left. Many more South Asians were forced to leave during the 1960s by Ne Win’s xenophobic government.[25]<\/a><\/sup> Nevertheless, sizeable South Asian and Chinese communities still exist in Yangon. The Anglo-Burmese have effectively disappeared, having left the country or intermarried with other Burmese groups.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u81ea\u72ec\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4ef0\u5149\u5728\u79cd\u65cf\u6784\u6210\u4e0a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u672c\u571f\u5316\u7f05\u7538\u3002\u72ec\u7acb\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u548c\u82f1\u88d4\u7f05\u7538\u4eba\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u3002\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5948\u6e29\u7684\u6392\u5916\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u88ab\u8feb\u79bb\u5f00\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ef0\u5149\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u76f8\u5f53\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u548c\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u3002\u82f1\u88d4\u7f05\u7538\u4eba\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7f05\u7538\u65cf\u7fa4\u901a\u5a5a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yangon was the centre of major anti-government protests in 1974<\/a>, 1988<\/a> and 2007<\/a>. In particular, the 8888 Uprising<\/a> resulted in the deaths of hundreds, if not thousands of Burmese civilians, many of them in Yangoon where hundreds of thousands of people flooded into the streets of the former capital city. The Saffron Revolution<\/a> saw mass shootings and the use of crematoria<\/a> in Yangoon by the Burmese government to erase evidence of their crimes against monks, unarmed protesters, journalists and students.[34]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111974 \u5e74\u30011988 \u5e74\u548c 2007 \u5e74\uff0c\u4ef0\u5149\u90fd\u662f\u53cd\u653f\u5e9c\u6297\u8bae\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f 8888 \u8d77\u4e49\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6570\u767e\u751a\u81f3\u6570\u5343\u540d\u7f05\u7538\u5e73\u6c11\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u6b7b\u4e8e\u4ef0\u5149\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u4eba\u6d8c\u4e0a\u524d\u9996\u90fd\u7684\u8857\u5934\u3002\u5728 Saffron \u9769\u547d\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7f05\u7538\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u4ef0\u5149\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u67aa\u51fb\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u706b\u846c\u573a\u6765\u62b9\u53bb\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u50e7\u4fa3\u3001\u624b\u65e0\u5bf8\u94c1\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u8005\u3001\u8bb0\u8005\u548c\u5b66\u751f\u72af\u4e0b\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u8bc1\u636e\u3002[34]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The city’s streets saw bloodshed each time as protesters were gunned down by the government, most notably during the 1988<\/a>,[35]<\/a><\/sup> 2007<\/a>,[36]<\/a><\/sup> and the 2021<\/a> mass protests,[37]<\/a>[38]<\/a><\/sup> all of which were started in Yangon itself, signifying its importance as the cultural centre of Burma<\/a>.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6bcf\u6b21\u6297\u8bae\u8005\u88ab\u653f\u5e9c\u67aa\u6740\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u8857\u5934\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u6d41\u8840\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u662f 1988 \u5e74[35]\u30012007 \u5e74[36] \u548c 2021 \u5e74\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6297\u8bae\u6d3b\u52a8[37][38]\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6297\u8bae\u6d3b\u52a8\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u4ef0\u5149\u672c\u8eab\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\uff0c\u5f70\u663e\u4e86\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f05\u7538\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1983\u5e74\uff0c\u671d\u9c9c<\/a>\u7279\u52a1\u5728\u4ef0\u5149\u53d1\u52a8\u70b8\u5f39\u653b\u51fb\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/a>\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f05\u7538\u4e0e\u671d\u9c9c\u65ad\u4ea4\u30022006\u5e74\uff0c\u7f05\u7538\u653f\u5e9c\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba3\u5e03\u9996\u90fd\u7531\u4ef0\u5149\u642c\u8fc1\u5230\u5185\u6bd4\u90fd<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In May 2008, Cyclone Nargis<\/a> hit Yangon. While the city had few human casualties, three-quarters of Yangon’s industrial infrastructure was destroyed or damaged, with losses estimated at US$800 million.[39]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112008 \u5e74 5 \u6708\uff0c\u7eb3\u5c14\u5409\u65af\u98d3\u98ce\u88ad\u51fb\u4ef0\u5149\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8be5\u5e02\u6ca1\u6709\u9020\u6210\u4eba\u5458\u4f24\u4ea1\uff0c\u4f46\u4ef0\u5149\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e09\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u906d\u5230\u6467\u6bc1\u6216\u635f\u574f\uff0c\u635f\u5931\u4f30\u8ba1\u8fbe 8 \u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002[39]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In November 2005, the military government designated Naypyidaw<\/a>, 320 kilometres (199 mi) north of Yangon, as the new administrative capital, and moved much of the government to the newly developed city. Yangon remains the largest city and the most important commercial, economic<\/a> and cultural center of Myanmar. On 7 May 2005, a series of coordinated bombings occurred in the city of Yangon, Myanmar. Eleven people were killed in the attack, and one of the 162 people that were injured was a member of the LCMS<\/a> mission team to Myanmar.[40]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112005\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u519b\u653f\u5e9c\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4ef0\u5149\u4ee5\u5317320\u516c\u91cc\uff08199\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u7684\u5185\u6bd4\u90fd\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u884c\u653f\u9996\u90fd\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u8fc1\u5f80\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ef0\u5149\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7f05\u7538\u6700\u5927\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5fc3\u30022005\u5e745\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u7f05\u7538\u4ef0\u5149\u5e02\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u534f\u8c03\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u7206\u70b8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u88ad\u51fb\u9020\u621011\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c162\u540d\u53d7\u4f24\u8005\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4eba\u662fLCMS\u7f05\u7538\u4efb\u52a1\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df
\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aA protest in Yangon in response to the 2021 coup d’\u00e9tat<\/a>.
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4ef0\u5149\u7206\u53d1\u6297\u8bae\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u6297\u8bae 2021 \u5e74\u653f\u53d8\u3002
\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aVOA Burmese – [1]<\/a>, [2]<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

In the 2020s, life in Yangon was greatly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic<\/a> and 2021 coup d’\u00e9tat<\/a>.[41]<\/a>[42]<\/a><\/sup> The city was the location of mass protests<\/a> in response to the coup.[43]<\/a><\/sup> The pandemic and protests prompted authorities to enforce numerous lockdowns<\/a> and curfews<\/a>. The city’s economy subsequently slowed.[42]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112020 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ef0\u5149\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u53d7\u5230\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u75ab\u60c5\u548c 2021 \u5e74\u653f\u53d8\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u3002[41][42] \u4e3a\u6297\u8bae\u653f\u53d8\uff0c\u4ef0\u5149\u7206\u53d1\u4e86\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6297\u8bae\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002[43] \u75ab\u60c5\u548c\u6297\u8bae\u6d3b\u52a8\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5f53\u5c40\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u591a\u6b21\u5c01\u9501\u548c\u5bb5\u7981\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u4ef0\u5149\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653e\u7f13\u3002[42]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u5730\u7406 | Geography<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Yangon is located in Lower Burma (Myanmar) at the convergence of the Yangon<\/a> and Bago<\/a> Rivers about 30 km (19 mi) away from the Gulf of Martaban<\/a> at 16\u00b048′ North, 96\u00b009′ East (16.8, 96.15). Its standard time zone is UTC\/GMT +6:30 hours. 23 meters above sea level. Due to its location on the Irrawaddy Delta, intertidal flat ecosystems occur adjacent to the city.[44]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4ef0\u5149\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7f05\u7538\uff08\u7f05\u7538\uff09\u7684\u4e0b\u7f05\u7538\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5728\u4ef0\u5149\u6cb3\u4e0e\u52c3\u56fa\u6cb3\u4ea4\u6c47\u5904\uff0c\u8ddd\u79bb\u9a6c\u5854\u73ed\u6e7e\u7ea630\u516c\u91cc\uff0819\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\uff0c\u5730\u7406\u5750\u6807\u4e3a\u5317\u7eac16\u5ea648\u5206\uff0c\u4e1c\u7ecf96\u5ea609\u5206\uff0816.8\uff0c96.15\uff09\u3002\u5176\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u533a\u662fUTC\/GMT +6:30\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002\u4ef0\u5149\u6d77\u62d4\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a23\u7c73\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4f0a\u6d1b\u74e6\u5e95\u6c5f\u4e09\u89d2\u6d32\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6f6e\u95f4\u5e26\u5e73\u5730\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7d27\u90bb\u8be5\u57ce\u5e02\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1 \u6c14\u5019 | Climate<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Yangon has a tropical monsoon climate<\/a> (Am) under the K\u00f6ppen climate classification<\/a> system.[45]<\/a><\/sup> The city features a lengthy wet season from May through October where a substantial amount of rainfall is received; and a dry season from November through April, where little rainfall is seen. It is primarily due to the heavy rainfall received during the rainy season that makes Yangon fall under the tropical monsoon climate category. During the course of year 1961 to 1990s, average temperatures show little variance, with average highs ranging from 29 to 36 \u00b0C (84 to 97 \u00b0F) and average lows ranging from 18 to 25 \u00b0C (64 to 77 \u00b0F).
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6839\u636e\u67ef\u672c\u6c14\u5019\u5206\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ef0\u5149\u5c5e\u4e8e\u70ed\u5e26\u5b63\u98ce\u6c14\u5019\uff08Am\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece5\u6708\u6301\u7eed\u523010\u6708\u7684\u6f2b\u957f\u96e8\u5b63\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u964d\u96e8\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ece11\u6708\u5230\u6b21\u5e744\u6708\u7684\u65f1\u5b63\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\u964d\u96e8\u5f88\u5c11\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u96e8\u5b63\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u964d\u96e8\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ef0\u5149\u88ab\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u70ed\u5e26\u5b63\u98ce\u6c14\u5019\u3002\u57281961\u5e74\u81f31990\u5e74\u4ee3\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6c14\u6e29\u53d8\u5316\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u9ad8\u6e29\u572829\u81f336\u6444\u6c0f\u5ea6\uff0884\u81f397\u534e\u6c0f\u5ea6\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u5e73\u5747\u4f4e\u6e29\u5219\u572818\u81f325\u6444\u6c0f\u5ea6\uff0864\u81f377\u534e\u6c0f\u5ea6\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yangon is prone to tropical cyclones<\/a> every time of the year. In 2008, Cyclone Nargis<\/a> made landfall as a Category 4 cyclone, making it the worst cyclone on the country’s record.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4ef0\u5149\u4e00\u5e74\u56db\u5b63\u90fd\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u70ed\u5e26\u6c14\u65cb\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u30022008\u5e74\uff0c\u7eb3\u5c14\u5409\u65af\u6c14\u65cb\u4ee5\u56db\u7ea7\u6c14\u65cb\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u767b\u9646\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u8be5\u56fd\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\u4ee5\u6765\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6c14\u65cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3. \u57ce\u5e02\u666f\u89c2 | Cityscape<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u56fe3-1\u81f33-5\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Until the mid-1990s, Yangon remained largely constrained to its traditional peninsula setting between the Bago<\/a>, Yangon, and Hlaing Rivers<\/a>. People moved in, but little of the city moved out. Maps from 1944 show little development north of Inya Lake<\/a> and areas that are now layered in cement and stacked with houses were then virtual backwaters. Since the late 1980s, however, the city began a rapid spread north to where Yangon International Airport<\/a> now stands. But the result is a stretching tail on the city, with the downtown area well removed from its geographic centre.[50]<\/a><\/sup> The city’s area has steadily increased from 72.52 square kilometres (28.00 sq mi) in 1901 to 86.2 square kilometres (33.3 sq mi) in 1940 to 208.51 square kilometres (80.51 sq mi) in 1974, to 346.13 square kilometres (133.64 sq mi) in 1985, and to 598.75 square kilometres (231.18 sq mi) in 2008.[1]<\/a>[51]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u76f4\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u4ef0\u5149\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u5c40\u9650\u5728\u5176\u4f4d\u4e8e\u52c3\u56fa\u6cb3\u3001\u4ef0\u5149\u6cb3\u548c\u83b1\u6cb3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u534a\u5c9b\u533a\u57df\u5185\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u642c\u8fdb\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u57ce\u5e02\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5411\u5916\u6269\u5c55\u30021944\u5e74\u7684\u5730\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u8335\u96c5\u6e56\u4ee5\u5317\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u88ab\u6c34\u6ce5\u8986\u76d6\u3001\u623f\u5c4b\u6797\u7acb\u7684\u5730\u533a\u5f53\u65f6\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u8352\u50fb\u4e4b\u5730\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u81ea20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u5f00\u59cb\u8fc5\u901f\u5411\u5317\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u4ef0\u5149\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u573a\u6240\u5728\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4f46\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u57ce\u5e02\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u6761\u62c9\u957f\u7684\u5c3e\u5df4\uff0c\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e0e\u5176\u5730\u7406\u4e2d\u5fc3\u76f8\u8ddd\u751a\u8fdc\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u7a33\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4ece1901\u5e74\u768472.52\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff0828.00\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u589e\u52a0\u52301940\u5e74\u768486.2\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff0833.3\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\uff0c\u518d\u52301974\u5e74\u7684208.51\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff0880.51\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\uff0c1985\u5e74\u7684346.13\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff08133.64\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u81f32008\u5e74\u7684598.75\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff08231.18\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.1 \u5efa\u7b51 | Architecture<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

See also: List of tallest buildings in Yangon<\/a>\u3010\u53e6\u89c1\uff1a\u4ef0\u5149\u6700\u9ad8\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u5217\u8868\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Downtown Yangon<\/a> is known for its leafy avenues and fin-de-si\u00e8cle architecture.[52]<\/a><\/sup> The former British colonial capital has the highest number of colonial period buildings in south-east Asia.[7]<\/a><\/sup> Downtown Yangon is still mainly made up of decaying colonial buildings. The former High Court<\/a>, the former Secretariat buildings<\/a>, the former St. Paul’s English High School<\/a> and the Strand Hotel<\/a> are excellent examples of the bygone era. Most downtown buildings from this era are four-story mix-use (residential and commercial) buildings with 14-foot (4.3 m) ceilings, allowing for the construction of mezzanines<\/a>. Despite their less-than-perfect conditions, the buildings remain highly sought after and most expensive in the city’s property market.[53]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4ef0\u5149\u7684\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4ee5\u5176\u7eff\u6811\u6210\u836b\u7684\u5927\u9053\u548c\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u98ce\u683c\u800c\u8457\u79f0\u3002\u8fd9\u5ea7\u524d\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u9996\u5e9c\u62e5\u6709\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u6570\u91cf\u6700\u591a\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\u5efa\u7b51\u3002\u4ef0\u5149\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u7834\u8d25\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\u5efa\u7b51\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u524d\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u3001\u524d\u79d8\u4e66\u5904\u5927\u697c\u3001\u524d\u5723\u4fdd\u7f57\u82f1\u6587\u9ad8\u4e2d\u548c\u65af\u7279\u5170\u5fb7\u9152\u5e97\u90fd\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4f18\u79c0\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u4ef0\u5149\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6700\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u4e14\u4ef7\u683c\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1996, the Yangon City Development Committee<\/a> created a Yangon City Heritage List<\/a> of old buildings and structures in the city that cannot be modified or torn down without approval.[54]<\/a><\/sup> In 2012, the city of Yangon imposed a 50-year moratorium on demolition of buildings older than 50 years.[55]<\/a><\/sup> The Yangon Heritage Trust<\/a>, an NGO started by Thant Myint-U<\/a>, aims to create heritage areas in Downtown, and attract investors to renovate buildings for commercial use.[55]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111996\u5e74\uff0c\u4ef0\u5149\u57ce\u5e02\u53d1\u5c55\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u4ef0\u5149\u57ce\u5e02\u9057\u4ea7\u6e05\u5355\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u672a\u7ecf\u6279\u51c6\u4e0d\u5f97\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u62c6\u9664\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5efa\u7b51\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u30022012\u5e74\uff0c\u4ef0\u5149\u5e02\u5bf9\u8d85\u8fc750\u5e74\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e8650\u5e74\u7684\u62c6\u9664\u7981\u4ee4\u3002\u7531Thant Myint-U\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ef0\u5149\u9057\u4ea7\u4fe1\u6258\u65e8\u5728\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u521b\u5efa\u9057\u4ea7\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5e76\u5438\u5f15\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u6765\u7ffb\u65b0\u5efa\u7b51\u7528\u4e8e\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A latter-day hallmark of Yangon is the eight-story apartment building<\/a>. (In Yangon parlance, a building with no elevators<\/a> (lifts) is called an apartment building and one with elevators is called a condominium<\/a>.[56]<\/a><\/sup> Condos which have to invest in a local power generator to ensure 24-hour electricity for the elevators are beyond the reach of most Yangonites.) Found throughout the city, eight-story apartment buildings provide inexpensive housing for many Yangonites. The apartments are usually eight stories high (including the ground floor) mainly because city regulations, until February 2008, required that all buildings higher than 75 feet (23 m) or eight stories to install lifts.[57]<\/a><\/sup> The code calls for elevators in buildings higher than 62 feet (19 m) or six stories, likely ushering in the era of the six-story apartment building. Although most apartment buildings were built only within the last 20 years, they look much older and rundown due to shoddy construction and lack of proper maintenance.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u516b\u5c42\u516c\u5bd3\u697c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ef0\u5149\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\uff08\u5728\u4ef0\u5149\u7684\u7528\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7535\u68af\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u516c\u5bd3\u697c\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u7535\u68af\u7684\u5219\u79f0\u4e3a\u516c\u5bd3\u697c\u3002\u914d\u5907\u672c\u5730\u53d1\u7535\u673a\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7535\u68af\u5168\u5929\u5019\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u516c\u5bd3\u697c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4ef0\u5149\u5c45\u6c11\u6765\u8bf4\u9065\u4e0d\u53ef\u53ca\u3002\uff09\u8fd9\u7c7b\u516b\u5c42\u516c\u5bd3\u697c\u904d\u5e03\u6574\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u4ef0\u5149\u5e02\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5ec9\u4ef7\u4f4f\u623f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u516c\u5bd3\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u516b\u5c42\u9ad8\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5730\u9762\u5c42\uff09\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u622a\u81f32008\u5e742\u6708\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u6cd5\u89c4\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u8d85\u8fc775\u82f1\u5c3a\uff0823\u7c73\uff09\u6216\u516b\u5c42\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u5fc5\u987b\u5b89\u88c5\u7535\u68af\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6cd5\u89c4\u8981\u6c42\u8d85\u8fc762\u82f1\u5c3a\uff0819\u7c73\uff09\u6216\u516d\u5c42\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u5fc5\u987b\u5b89\u88c5\u7535\u68af\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8fce\u6765\u516d\u5c42\u516c\u5bd3\u697c\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5927\u591a\u6570\u516c\u5bd3\u697c\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb20\u5e74\u5185\u5efa\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u65bd\u5de5\u8d28\u91cf\u5dee\u548c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u66f4\u4e3a\u8001\u65e7\u548c\u7834\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unlike other major Asian cities, Yangon does not have any skyscrapers. This is due to rule that no building should be more than 75% the height above sea level of Shwedagon Pagoda<\/a>, which rises about 160 metres (520 ft). For instance, in 2015, a luxury housing project was cancelled due to its proximity to Shwedagon Pagoda. Critics of the project claimed that the project could cause structural damage to the pagoda.[58]<\/a><\/sup> Aside from a few high-rise hotels and office towers, most high-rise buildings (usually 10 stories and up) are “condos” scattered across prosperous neighborhoods north of downtown such as Bahan<\/a>, Dagon<\/a>, Kamayut<\/a> and Mayangon<\/a>.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e9a\u6d32\u4e3b\u8981\u57ce\u5e02\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ef0\u5149\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6469\u5929\u5927\u697c\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4e00\u9879\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5f97\u8d85\u8fc7\u820d\u536b\u57ce\u5b9d\u5854\u6d77\u62d4\u9ad8\u5ea6\u768475%\uff0c\u800c\u8be5\u5b9d\u5854\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7ea6\u4e3a160\u7c73\uff08520\u82f1\u5c3a\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c2015\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c6a\u534e\u4f4f\u5b85\u9879\u76ee\u56e0\u9760\u8fd1\u820d\u536b\u57ce\u5b9d\u5854\u800c\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u3002\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5b9d\u5854\u9020\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u635f\u5bb3\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5c11\u6570\u9ad8\u5c42\u9152\u5e97\u548c\u529e\u516c\u5927\u697c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u9ad8\u5c42\u5efa\u7b51\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5341\u5c42\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u6563\u5e03\u5728\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5317\u90e8\u7e41\u8363\u8857\u533a\u5982\u5df4\u7f55\u3001\u8fbe\u8d21\u3001\u5361\u8fc8\u5c24\u7279\u548c\u6885\u626c\u8d21\u7684\u201c\u516c\u5bd3\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Older satellite towns such as Thaketa<\/a>, North Okkalapa<\/a>, and South Okkalapa<\/a> are lined mostly with one to two-story detached houses with access to the city’s electricity grid. Newer satellite towns such as North Dagon<\/a> and South Dagon<\/a> are in a grid layout. The satellite towns\u2014old or new\u2014receive little or no municipal services.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8f83\u8001\u7684\u536b\u661f\u57ce\u9547\u5982\u5854\u57fa\u5854\u3001\u5317\u6b27\u5361\u62c9\u5e15\u548c\u5357\u6b27\u5361\u62c9\u5e15\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e00\u5230\u4e24\u5c42\u7684\u72ec\u680b\u623f\u5c4b\uff0c\u63a5\u5165\u4e86\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u7535\u7f51\u3002\u8f83\u65b0\u7684\u536b\u661f\u57ce\u9547\u5982\u5317\u8fbe\u8d21\u548c\u5357\u8fbe\u8d21\u5219\u662f\u7f51\u683c\u5e03\u5c40\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u65b0\u65e7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u536b\u661f\u57ce\u9547\u90fd\u5f88\u5c11\u6216\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u5e02\u653f\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.2 \u8def\u7f51\u5e03\u5c40 | Road layout<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u56fe3-6\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Downtown Yangon<\/a>‘s road layout follows a grid pattern, based on four types of roads:
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4ef0\u5149\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u9053\u8def\u5e03\u5c40\u9075\u5faa\u7f51\u683c\u72b6\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8def\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n