{"id":4052,"date":"2024-09-03T21:23:17","date_gmt":"2024-09-03T13:23:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=4052"},"modified":"2025-02-01T02:24:17","modified_gmt":"2025-01-31T18:24:17","slug":"the-guadian-fulltext-zhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2024\/09\/03\/the-guadian-fulltext-zhen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u536b\u62a5 \/ The Guardian -\uff08\u5168\u6587\uff09\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>
\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a>
\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u5e76\u8865\u5145\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5728\u4e8c\u8005\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u665a\u66f4\u65b0\u8005\u4e3a\u51c6\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5408\u89c4\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u4e0a\u4f20\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u5b57\u91c7\u7528\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3<\/strong>\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c\u97f3\u8282\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u58f0\u8c03\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u8fbd\u89c2\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u642c\u8fd0\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5df2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\uff0c\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a<\/a>\u3002\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff08Wikipedia\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8bd1\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/strong> <\/p>\n\u8fbd\u89c2\u6240\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e00\u9053\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167\u7248\u672c<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u548c\u89c6\u9891\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

0. \u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\u56fe0-1\u548c0-2\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

0.1 \u6587\u5b57\u8bf4\u660e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300a\u536b\u62a5<\/strong>\u300b\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff1aThe Guardian<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u82f1\u56fd<\/a>\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7efc\u5408\u5185\u5bb9\u65e5\u62a5<\/a>\u30021819\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u7206\u53d1\u5f7c\u5f97\u5362\u5c60\u6740<\/a>\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u521b\u520a\u4eba\u82f1\u56fd\u8bb0\u8005\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u6cf0\u52d2<\/a>\u4e3a\u63ed\u9732\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e8e1821\u5e74\u521b\u529e\u300a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u536b\u62a5\u300b\uff0c\u56e0\u603b\u90e8\u8bbe\u4e8e\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279<\/a>\u800c\u5f97\u8be5\u540d\u30021855\u5e74\u6539\u4e3a\u65e5\u62a5\u30021872\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u4e3b\u6301\u7f16\u52a1\uff0c\u5c06\u300a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u53d8\u5f97\u9ad8\u96c5\u751f\u52a8\uff0c\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u8be5\u62a5\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u9ad8\u7ea7\u62a5\u7eb8\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u30021959\u5e74\u300a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u9ad8\u7ea7\u62a5\u7eb8\u3002\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u603b\u90e8\u4e8e1964\u5e74\u8fc1\u81f3\u4f26\u6566<\/a>\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e8e\u66fc\u57ce\u548c\u4f26\u6566\u5747\u8bbe\u6709\u5370\u5237<\/a>\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u516c\u4f17\u89c6\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u503e\u5411\u4e3a\u5de6\u6d3e<\/a>\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u89c6\u7684\u9886\u57df\u5305\u62ec\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u89c2\u70b9\u3001\u6587\u827a\u62a5\u5bfc\u548c\u8bc4\u8bba\u3001\u5916\u56fd\u901a\u8baf\u3002\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u4e0e\u300a\u6cf0\u6664\u58eb\u62a5<\/a>\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6bcf\u65e5\u7535\u8baf\u62a5<\/a>\u300b\u540c\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u4e09\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u62a5\u7eb8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Along with its sister papers, The Observer<\/em><\/a> and The Guardian Weekly<\/em><\/a>, The Guardian<\/em> is part of the Guardian Media Group<\/a>, owned by the Scott Trust Limited<\/a>.[5]<\/a> The trust was created in 1936 to “secure the financial and editorial independence of The Guardian<\/em> in perpetuity and to safeguard the journalistic freedom and liberal values of The Guardian<\/em> free from commercial or political interference”.[6]<\/a> The trust was converted into a limited company<\/a> in 2008, with a constitution written so as to maintain for The Guardian<\/em> the same protections as were built into the structure of the Scott Trust by its creators. Profits are reinvested in its journalism rather than distributed to owners or shareholders<\/a>.[6]<\/a> It is considered a newspaper of record<\/a> in the UK.[7]<\/a>[8]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u59ca\u59b9\u62a5\u7eb8\u300a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u62a5\u300b\u548c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u5468\u520a\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u662f\u536b\u62a5\u5a92\u4f53\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8be5\u96c6\u56e2\u7531\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u4fe1\u6258\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u6240\u6709\u3002\u8be5\u4fe1\u6258\u57fa\u91d1\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1936\u5e74\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u201c\u6c38\u4e45\u4fdd\u969c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u548c\u7f16\u8f91\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u62a4\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u514d\u53d7\u5546\u4e1a\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u201d\u30022008\u5e74\uff0c\u4fe1\u6258\u57fa\u91d1\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u4e00\u5bb6\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5176\u7ae0\u7a0b\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u4e3a\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0e\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u4fe1\u6258\u5efa\u7acb\u65f6\u7531\u5176\u521b\u5efa\u8005\u6240\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u5229\u6da6\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u6295\u8d44\u4e8e\u65b0\u95fb\u4e1a\u800c\u975e\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6216\u80a1\u4e1c\u3002\u5b83\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The editor-in-chief Katharine Viner<\/a> succeeded Alan Rusbridger<\/a> in 2015.[9]<\/a>[10]<\/a> Since 2018, the paper’s main newsprint sections have been published in tabloid format<\/a>. As of July 2021, its print edition had a daily circulation of 105,134.[3]<\/a> The newspaper is available online; it lists UK, US<\/a> (founded in 2011), Australian<\/a> (founded in 2013), European, and International editions,[11]<\/a> and its website has sections for World, Europe, US, Americas, Asia, Australia, Middle East, Africa, New Zealand<\/a>,[12]<\/a> Inequality, and Global development.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4e3b\u7f16\u51ef\u745f\u7433\u00b7\u7ef4\u7eb3\u57282015\u5e74\u63a5\u66ff\u4e86\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u62c9\u65af\u5e03\u91cc\u5947\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\u3002\u81ea2018\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b0\u95fb\u7248\u9762\u5f00\u59cb\u91c7\u7528\u5c0f\u62a5\u683c\u5f0f\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u622a\u81f32021\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u5176\u5370\u5237\u7248\u7684\u65e5\u53d1\u884c\u91cf\u4e3a105,134\u4efd\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u7eb8\u53ef\u5728\u7ebf\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\uff082011\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\uff09\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\uff082013\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\uff09\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u7248\u9762\uff0c\u5176\u7f51\u7ad9\u8bbe\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u7f8e\u6d32\u3001\u4e9a\u6d32\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u4e2d\u4e1c\u3001\u975e\u6d32\u3001\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u3001\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u5168\u7403\u53d1\u5c55\u7b49\u680f\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The paper’s readership is generally on the mainstream left<\/a> of British political opinion,[13]<\/a>[14]<\/a> and the term “Guardian<\/em> reader” is used to imply a stereotype of a person with liberal<\/a>, left-wing or “politically correct<\/a>” views.[15]<\/a> Frequent typographical errors<\/a> during the age of manual typesetting<\/a> led Private Eye<\/em><\/a> magazine to dub the paper the “Grauniad” in the 1970s, a nickname still occasionally used by the editors for self-mockery.[16]<\/a>[17]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8be5\u62a5\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u7fa4\u4e00\u822c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u5de6\u6d3e\uff0c[13][14] \u201c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u8bfb\u8005\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u6697\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u5de6\u503e\u6216\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u6b63\u786e\u201d\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002[15] \u5728\u624b\u52a8\u6392\u7248\u65f6\u4ee3\u9891\u7e41\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6392\u7248\u9519\u8bef\u5bfc\u81f4\u300a\u79c1\u773c\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c06\u8be5\u62a5\u620f\u79f0\u4e3a\u201cGrauniad\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6635\u79f0\u81f3\u4eca\u5076\u5c14\u4ecd\u88ab\u7f16\u8f91\u4eec\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u5632\u3002[16][17]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an Ipsos MORI<\/a> research poll in September 2018 designed to interrogate the public’s trust of specific titles online, The Guardian<\/em> scored highest for digital-content news, with 84% of readers agreeing that they “trust what [they] see in it”.[18]<\/a> A December 2018 report of a poll by the Publishers Audience Measurement Company stated that the paper’s print edition was found to be the most trusted in the UK in the period from October 2017 to September 2018. It was also reported to be the most-read of the UK’s “quality newsbrands”, including digital editions; other “quality” brands included The Times<\/em><\/a>, The Daily Telegraph<\/em><\/a>, The Independent<\/em><\/a>, and the i<\/em><\/a>. While The Guardian<\/em>‘s print circulation is in decline, the report indicated that news from The Guardian<\/em>, including that reported online, reaches more than 23 million UK adults each month.[19]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u57282018\u5e749\u6708\u7531\u76ca\u666e\u7d22\u83ab\u91cc\u7814\u7a76\u516c\u53f8\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u65e8\u5728\u8c03\u67e5\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u5728\u7ebf\u6807\u9898\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u5ea6\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5728\u6570\u5b57\u5185\u5bb9\u65b0\u95fb\u65b9\u9762\u5f97\u5206\u6700\u9ad8\uff0c84%\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u540c\u610f\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u4fe1\u4efb\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u201d\u3002[18] \u4e00\u4efd2018\u5e7412\u6708\u7531\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u53d7\u4f17\u6d4b\u91cf\u516c\u53f8\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u6c11\u8c03\u62a5\u544a\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u57282017\u5e7410\u6708\u81f32018\u5e749\u6708\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u5370\u5237\u7248\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u6700\u53d7\u4fe1\u8d56\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u8fd8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u6570\u5b57\u7248\u5728\u5185\uff0c\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u201c\u4f18\u8d28\u65b0\u95fb\u54c1\u724c\u201d\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u4f18\u8d28\u201d\u54c1\u724c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u6cf0\u6664\u58eb\u62a5\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6bcf\u65e5\u7535\u8baf\u62a5\u300b\u3001\u300a\u72ec\u7acb\u62a5\u300b\u548c\u300ai\u62a5\u300b\u3002\u867d\u7136\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u5370\u5237\u7248\u53d1\u884c\u91cf\u5728\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4f46\u62a5\u544a\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u7ebf\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\uff0c\u6bcf\u6708\u80fd\u591f\u89e6\u53ca\u8d85\u8fc72300\u4e07\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u8bfb\u8005\u3002[19]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chief among the notable “scoops<\/a>” obtained by the paper was the 2011 News International phone-hacking scandal<\/a>\u2014and in particular the hacking of the murdered English teenager Milly Dowler<\/a>‘s phone.[20]<\/a> The investigation led to the closure of the News of the World<\/em><\/a>, the UK’s best-selling Sunday newspaper and one of the highest-circulation newspapers in history.[21]<\/a> In June 2013, The Guardian<\/em> broke news of the secret collection by the Obama administration<\/a> of Verizon<\/a> telephone records,[22]<\/a> and subsequently revealed the existence of the surveillance program PRISM<\/a> after knowledge of it was leaked to the paper by the whistleblower<\/a> and former National Security Agency<\/a> contractor Edward Snowden<\/a>.[23]<\/a> In 2016, The Guardian<\/em> led an investigation into the Panama Papers<\/a>, exposing then\u2013Prime Minister David Cameron<\/a>‘s links to offshore bank accounts<\/a>. It has been named “newspaper of the year” four times at the annual British Press Awards<\/a>: most recently in 2014, for its reporting on government surveillance.[24]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u201c\u72ec\u5bb6\u65b0\u95fb\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5f15\u4eba\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u8981\u6570 2011 \u5e74\u65b0\u95fb\u56fd\u9645\u7535\u8bdd\u7a83\u542c\u4e11\u95fb\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7a83\u542c\u88ab\u8c0bsha1\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u5c11\u5973\u7c73\u8389\u00b7\u9053\u52d2\u7684\u624b\u673a\u3002[20] \u8fd9\u9879\u8c03\u67e5\u5bfc\u81f4\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u300b\u505c\u520a\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u6700\u7545\u9500\u7684\u5468\u65e5\u62a5\u7eb8\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u53d1\u884c\u91cf\u6700\u5927\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002[21] 2013 \u5e74 6 \u6708\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u66dd\u5149\u4e86\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u653f\u5e9c\u79d8\u5bc6\u6536\u96c6\u5a01\u745e\u68ee\u7535\u4fe1\u7535\u8bdd\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c[22] \u968f\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u4e3e\u62a5\u4eba\u3001\u524d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u5c40\u627f\u5305\u5546\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u65af\u8bfa\u767b\u5411\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u6cc4\u9732\u4e86\u201c\u68f1\u955c\u201d\u76d1\u63a7\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002[23] 2016 \u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7275\u5934\u5bf9\u5df4\u62ff\u9a6c\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u65f6\u4efb\u9996\u76f8\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7\u5361\u6885\u4f26\u4e0e\u79bb\u5cb8\u94f6\u884c\u8d26\u6237\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u66fe\u56db\u6b21\u5728\u5e74\u5ea6\u82f1\u56fd\u65b0\u95fb\u5956\u4e2d\u88ab\u8bc4\u4e3a\u201c\u5e74\u5ea6\u62a5\u7eb8\u201d\uff1a\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u662f\u5728 2014 \u5e74\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u5bf9\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\uff09\u653f\u5e9c\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u3002[24]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0.2 \u6982\u51b5\u8868\u683c<\/sup><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Type\u3010\u7c7b\u578b\u3011<\/th>Daily newspaper\u3010\u65e5\u62a5\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Format\u3010\u7248\u5f0f\u3011<\/th>Broadsheet (1821\u20132005)\u3010\u5bf9\u5f00\u7248\uff081821\u20132005\uff09\u3011
Berliner (2005\u20132018)\u3010\u67cf\u6797\u7248\uff082005\u20132018\uff09\u3011
Compact (since 2018)\u3010\u7d27\u51d1\u7248\uff08\u81ea2018\u5e74\u8d77\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Owner(s)\u3010\u80a1\u4e1c\u3011<\/th>Guardian Media Group\u3010\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5a92\u4f53\u96c6\u56e2\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Founder(s)\u3010\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u3011<\/th>John Edward Taylor\u3010\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u6cf0\u52d2\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Publisher\u3010\u53d1\u884c\u8005\u3011<\/th>Guardian Media Group\u3010\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5a92\u4f53\u96c6\u56e2\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Editor-in-chief\u3010\u4e3b\u7f16\u3011<\/th>Katharine Viner<\/td><\/tr>
Founded\u3010\u521b\u7acb\u4e8e\u3011<\/th>5 May 1821 (as The Manchester Guardian, renamed The Guardian in 1959)
\u30101821\u5e745\u67085\u65e5\uff08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u300a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u521b\u520a\uff0c1959\u5e74\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Political alignment
\u3010\u653f\u6cbb\u503e\u5411\u3011<\/th>		Centre-left[1][2]\u3010\u4e2d\u95f4\u504f\u5de6\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Language\u3010\u8bed\u8a00\u3011<\/th>English\u3010\u82f1\u8bed\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Headquarters\u3010\u603b\u90e8\u3011<\/th>Kings Place, London\u3010\u82f1\u56fd\u4f26\u6566\u91d1\u65af\u5e7f\u573a\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Country\u3010\u56fd\u5bb6\u3011<\/th>United Kingdom\u3010\u7f8e\u56fd\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Circulation\u3010\u53d1\u884c\u91cf\u3011<\/th>105,134 (as of July 2021)[3]
\u301010\u4e075134\uff08\u622a\u81f32021\u5e747\u6708\uff09[3]\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Sister newspapers
\u3010\u59ca\u59b9\u62a5\u7eb8\u3011<\/th>		The Observer\u3010\u300a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u62a5\u300b\u3011
The Guardian Weekly\u3010\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u5468\u520a\u300b\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
ISSN<\/th>0261-3077 (print)
1756-3224 (web)<\/td><\/tr>
OCLC number
\u3010OCLC\u53f7\u7801\u3011<\/th>		60623878<\/td><\/tr>
Website\u3010\u7f51\u7ad9\u3011<\/th>theguardian.com<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1. \u5386\u53f2 | History<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1.1 1821-1972\u5e74 | 1821 to 1972<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1.1.1 \u65e9\u5e74 | Early years<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"\"\/
\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aManchester Guardian<\/em> Prospectus, 1821
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u300a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u521b\u520a prospectus\uff0c1821\u5e74 <\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aThe Guardian<\/em> staff<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

The Manchester Guardian<\/em> was founded in Manchester<\/a> in 1821 by cotton merchant John Edward Taylor<\/a> with backing from the Little Circle<\/a>, a group of non-conformist<\/a> businessmen.[25]<\/a> They launched the paper, on 5 May 1821 (by chance the very day of Napoleon’s<\/a> death) after the police closure of the more radical<\/a> Manchester Observer<\/em><\/a>, a paper that had championed the cause of the Peterloo Massacre<\/a> protesters.[26]<\/a> Taylor had been hostile to the radical reformers, writing: “They have appealed not to the reason but the passions and the suffering of their abused and credulous fellow-countrymen, from whose ill-requited industry they extort for themselves the means of a plentiful and comfortable existence. They do not toil, neither do they spin, but they live better than those that do.”[27]<\/a> When the government closed down the Manchester Observer<\/em>, the mill-owners’ champions had the upper hand.[28]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u300a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u4e8e1821\u5e74\u7531\u68c9\u5546\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u6cf0\u52d2\u5728\u201c\u5c0f\u5708\u5b50\u201d\uff08Little Circle\uff09\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u5728\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u521b\u7acb\u3002\u201c\u5c0f\u5708\u5b50\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u975e\u56fd\u6559\u5f92\u5546\u4eba\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u57281821\u5e745\u67085\u65e5\uff08\u6070\u5de7\u662f\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u53bb\u4e16\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\uff09\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u8be5\u62a5\uff0c\u6b64\u524d\u8b66\u65b9\u5173\u95ed\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u300a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u62a5\u300b\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u66fe\u652f\u6301\u5f7c\u5f97\u5362\u5927tu2 sha1 kang4 yi4\u8005\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u3002\u6cf0\u52d2\u5bf9\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6539\u9769\u8005\u6301\u654c\u5bf9\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bc9\u8bf8\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u6027\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u8bef\u5bfc\u548c\u8f7b\u4fe1\u7684\u540c\u80de\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540c\u80de\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u4e2d\u69a8\u53d6\u81ea\u5df1\u5145\u88d5\u8212\u9002\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e2\u4e0d\u52b3\u4f5c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7eba\u7ec7\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5374\u6bd4\u90a3\u4e9b\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u201d\u5f53\u653f\u5e9c\u5173\u95ed\u300a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u62a5\u300b\u65f6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u62e5\u62a4\u5de5\u5382\u4e3b\u7684\u4eba\u4fbf\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u4e0a\u98ce\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The influential journalist Jeremiah Garnett<\/a> joined Taylor during the establishment of the paper, and all of the Little Circle wrote articles for the new paper.[29]<\/a> The prospectus announcing the new publication proclaimed that it would “zealously enforce the principles of civil and religious Liberty … warmly advocate the cause of Reform … endeavour to assist in the diffusion of just principles of Political Economy and … support, without reference to the party from which they emanate, all serviceable measures”.[30]<\/a> In 1825, the paper merged with the British Volunteer<\/em> and was known as The Manchester Guardian and British Volunteer<\/em> until 1828.[31]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u8bb0\u8005\u6770\u91cc\u7c73\u4e9a\u00b7\u52a0\u5185\u7279\u5728\u62a5\u7eb8\u521b\u7acb\u671f\u95f4\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u6cf0\u52d2\uff0c\u5c0f\u5708\u5b50\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u4e3a\u65b0\u62a5\u7eb8\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u5ba3\u5e03\u65b0\u520a\u7269\u7684\u521b\u520a\u53f7\u58f0\u660e\u5ba3\u79f0\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u201c\u70ed\u60c5\u5730\u7ef4\u62a4\u516c\u6c11\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u539f\u5219\u2026\u2026\u79ef\u6781\u5021\u5bfc\u6539\u9769\u4e8b\u4e1a\u2026\u2026\u52aa\u529b\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f20\u64ad\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u2026\u2026\u5e76\u4e14\u2026\u2026\u4e0d\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u51fa\u81ea\u54ea\u4e2a\u515a\u6d3e\uff0c\u90fd\u5c06\u652f\u6301\u6240\u6709\u6709\u7528\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u201d\u30021825\u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0e\u300a\u82f1\u56fd\u5fd7\u613f\u519b\u62a5\u300b\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u5e76\u57281828\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u536b\u62a5\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u5fd7\u613f\u519b\u62a5\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The working-class<\/a> Manchester and Salford Advertiser<\/em> called The Manchester Guardian<\/em> “the foul prostitute and dirty parasite<\/a> of the worst portion of the mill-owners”.[32]<\/a> The Manchester Guardian<\/em> was generally hostile to labour’s claims. Of the 1832 Ten Hours Bill, the paper doubted whether in view of the foreign competition “the passing of a law positively enacting a gradual destruction of the cotton manufacture in this kingdom would be a much less rational procedure.”[33]<\/a> The Manchester Guardian<\/em> dismissed strikes as the work of outside agitators, stating that “if an accommodation can be effected, the occupation of the agents of the Union is gone. They live on strife … .”[34]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u300a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u548c\u7d22\u5c14\u798f\u5fb7\u5e7f\u544a\u62a5\u300b\u79f0\u300a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u4e3a\u201c\u6700\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u4e3b\u90a3\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u80ae\u810f\u5993\u5973\u548c\u6c61\u79fd\u5bc4\u751f\u866b\u201d\u3002\u300a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u901a\u5e38\u5bf9\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u6301\u654c\u5bf9\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e1832\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u5341\u5c0f\u65f6\u5de5\u4f5c\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u6000\u7591\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5916\u56fd\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u201c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u9879\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9e\u9645\u89c4\u5b9a\u9010\u6b65\u6467\u6bc1\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u68c9\u82b1\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u7406\u6027\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u201d\u300a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5c06ba4 gong1\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u717d\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u58f0\u79f0\u201c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u8fbe\u6210\u548c\u89e3\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u6ca1\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u9760\u51b2\u7a81\u751f\u5b58\u2026\u2026\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In March 2023, an academic review commissioned by the Scott Trust<\/a> determined that John Edward Taylor and nine of his eleven backers had links to the Atlantic slave trade<\/a> through their interests in Manchester’s textile industry.[35]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112023\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u7531\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u4fe1\u6258\u59d4\u6258\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u5b66\u672f\u5ba1\u67e5\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u6cf0\u52d2\u53ca\u5176\u5341\u4e00\u4f4d\u652f\u6301\u8005\u4e2d\u7684\u4e5d\u4f4d\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u7eba\u7ec7\u4e1a\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e0e\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u5974\u96b6\u8d38\u6613\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.1.2 \u5974\u96b6\u5236\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5185\u6218 | Slavery and the American Civil War<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

The newspaper opposed slavery and supported free trade<\/a>. An 1823 leading article on the continuing “cruelty and injustice” to slaves in the West Indies<\/a> long after the abolition of the slave trade with the Slave Trade Act 1807<\/a> wanted fairness to the interests and claims both of the planters and of their oppressed slaves.[36]<\/a> It welcomed the Slavery Abolition Act 1833<\/a> and accepted the “increased compensation” to the planters as the “guilt of slavery attaches far more to the nation” rather than individuals. Success of the Act would encourage emancipation in other slave-owning nations to avoid “imminent risk of a violent and bloody termination.”[37]<\/a> However, the newspaper argued against restricting trade with countries that had not yet abolished slavery.[38]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8be5\u62a5\u7eb8\u53cd\u5bf9\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u3002\u4e00\u7bc71823\u5e74\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6587\u7ae0\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u57281807\u5e74\u5e9f\u5974\u6cd5\u6848\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\u897f\u5370\u5ea6\u7fa4\u5c9b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5bf9\u5974\u96b6\u7684\u201c\u6b8b\u5fcd\u548c\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u201d\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u4e3b\u548c\u53d7\u538b\u8feb\u7684\u5974\u96b6\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u8bc9\u6c42\u90fd\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u516c\u5e73\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u6b22\u8fce1833\u5e74\u5e9f\u9664\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u63a5\u53d7\u7ed9\u4e88\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u4e3b\u201c\u589e\u52a0\u8865\u507f\u201d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u201c\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u7684\u7f6a\u6076\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u9644\u7740\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u800c\u975e\u4e2a\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u6cd5\u6848\u7684\u6210\u529f\u5c06\u4f1a\u9f13\u52b1\u5176\u4ed6\u62e5\u6709\u5974\u96b6\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u8d70\u5411\u89e3\u653e\u5974\u96b6\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u201c\u66b4\u529b\u548c\u8840\u8165\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u201d\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u7eb8\u53cd\u5bf9\u9650\u5236\u4e0e\u5c1a\u672a\u5e9f\u9664\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u5f80\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Complex tensions developed in the United States.[39]<\/a> When the abolitionist George Thompson<\/a> toured, the newspaper said that “[s]lavery is a monstrous evil, but civil war is not a less one; and we would not seek the abolition even of the former through the imminent hazard of the latter”. It suggested that the United States should compensate slave-owners for freeing slaves[40]<\/a> and called on President Franklin Pierce<\/a> to resolve the 1856 “civil war”, the Sacking of Lawrence<\/a> due to pro-slavery laws imposed by Congress.[41]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u5c40\u52bf\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5f53\u5e9f\u5974\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u6c64\u666e\u68ee\u5de1\u56de\u6f14\u8bb2\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u7eb8\u8868\u793a\u201c\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u90aa\u6076\uff0c\u4f46\u5185\u6218\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u90aa\u6076\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u751a\u81f3\u5192\u7740\u540e\u8005\u8feb\u5728\u7709\u776b\u7684\u5371\u9669\u53bb\u5bfb\u6c42\u524d\u8005\u7684\u5e9f\u9664\u3002\u201d\u5b83\u5efa\u8bae\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e94\u8be5\u8865\u507f\u5974\u96b6\u4e3b\u91ca\u653e\u5974\u96b6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u547c\u5401\u603b\u7edf\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u00b7\u76ae\u5c14\u65af\u89e3\u51b31856\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u5185\u6218\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u7531\u4e8e\u56fd\u4f1a\u5f3a\u52a0\u7684\u4eb2\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u52b3\u4f26\u65af\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1860, The Observer<\/em><\/a> quoted a report that the newly elected president Abraham Lincoln<\/a> was opposed to abolition of slavery.[42]<\/a> On 13 May 1861, shortly after the start of the American Civil War<\/a>, the Manchester Guardian<\/em> portrayed the Northern states as primarily imposing a burdensome trade monopoly on the Confederate States<\/a>, arguing that if the South was freed to have direct trade with Europe, “the day would not be distant when slavery itself would cease”. Therefore, the newspaper asked “Why should the South be prevented from freeing itself from slavery?”[43]<\/a> This hopeful view was also held by the Liberal<\/a> leader William Ewart Gladstone<\/a>.[44]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111860\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u62a5\u300b\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u79f0\uff0c\u65b0\u5f53\u9009\u7684\u603b\u7edf\u4e9a\u4f2f\u62c9\u7f55\u00b7\u6797\u80af\u53cd\u5bf9\u5e9f\u9664\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u30021861\u5e745\u670813\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u521a\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0d\u4e45\u540e\uff0c\u300a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5c06\u5317\u65b9\u5404\u5dde\u63cf\u7ed8\u6210\u4e3b\u8981\u5bf9\u90a6\u8054\u5404\u5dde\u65bd\u52a0\u91cd\u8d1f\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u5784\u65ad\u8005\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u5357\u65b9\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u76f4\u63a5\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u201c\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u672c\u8eab\u505c\u6b62\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9065\u8fdc\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u7eb8\u95ee\u5230\u201c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5357\u65b9\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u6446\u8131\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u5462\uff1f\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e50\u89c2\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e5f\u88ab\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u9886\u8896\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u5c24\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u683c\u83b1\u65af\u987f\u6301\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/
\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aStatue of Abraham Lincoln<\/a> in Manchester<\/a>, with extracts from the working men’s letter and his reply on its base
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u7684\u4e9a\u4f2f\u62c9\u7f55\u00b7\u6797\u80af\u96d5\u50cf\uff0c\u5e95\u5ea7\u4e0a\u523b\u6709\u5de5\u4eba\u4fe1\u4ef6\u7684\u6458\u5f55\u53ca\u5176\u56de\u590d <\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aPhotograph by Mike Peel<\/a> (www.mikepeel.net<\/a>). and one more author<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

There was division in Britain over the Civil War, even within political parties. The Manchester Guardian<\/em> had also been conflicted. It had supported other independence movements<\/a> and felt it should also support the rights of the Confederacy to self-determination. It criticised Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation<\/a> for not freeing all American slaves.[44]<\/a> On 10 October 1862, it wrote: “It is impossible to cast any reflections upon a man so evidently sincere and well-intentioned as Mr Lincoln but it is also impossible not to feel that it was an evil day both for America and the world, when he was chosen President of the United States”.[45]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5185\u90e8\u5bf9\u6b64\u5b58\u5728\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u653f\u515a\u5185\u90e8\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u300a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u4e5f\u6709\u77db\u76fe\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u5b83\u652f\u6301\u5176\u4ed6\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u652f\u6301\u90a6\u8054\u81ea\u51b3\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5b83\u6279\u8bc4\u6797\u80af\u7684\u300a\u89e3\u653e\u9ed1\u4eba\u5974\u96b6\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u653e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5974\u96b6\u30021862\u5e7410\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u5b83\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u50cf\u6797\u80af\u5148\u751f\u8fd9\u6837\u663e\u7136\u771f\u8bda\u548c\u5584\u610f\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u611f\u5230\u5f53\u4ed6\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u6765\u8bf4\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u4e00\u5929\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By then, the Union blockade<\/a> was causing suffering in British towns<\/a>. Some including Liverpool<\/a> supported the Confederacy as did “current opinion in all classes” in London. On 31 December 1862, cotton workers held a meeting at the Free Trade Hall<\/a> in Manchester which resolved “its detestation of negro slavery in America, and of the attempt of the rebellious Southern slave-holders to organise on the great American continent a nation having slavery as its basis”. There was a comment that “an effort had been made in a leading article of the Manchester Guardian<\/em> to deter the working men from assembling together for such a purpose”. The newspaper reported all this and published their letter to President Lincoln[46]<\/a> while complaining that “the chief occupation, if not the chief object of the meeting, seems to have been to abuse the Manchester Guardian<\/em>“.[45]<\/a> Lincoln replied to the letter thanking the workers for their “sublime Christian heroism” and American ships delivered relief supplies to Britain.[46]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5230\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u7684\u5c01\u9501\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u57ce\u9547\u4e2d\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u82e6\u96be\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u5229\u7269\u6d66\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u652f\u6301\u90a6\u8054\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u5404\u754c\u7684\u666e\u904d\u8206\u8bba\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u30021862\u5e7412\u670831\u65e5\uff0c\u68c9\u7eba\u5de5\u4eba\u5728\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u5927\u5385\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u51b3\u8bae\u201c\u75db\u6068\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u5974\u96b6\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53db\u4e71\u7684\u5357\u90e8\u5974\u96b6\u4e3b\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728\u5317\u7f8e\u5927\u9646\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u65b0\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u8bc4\u8bba\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u300a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5728\u5176\u4e00\u7bc7\u793e\u8bba\u4e2d\u8bd5\u56fe\u963b\u6b62\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u201d\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u7eb8\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u5199\u7ed9\u6797\u80af\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u4fe1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u62b1\u6028\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u8bcb\u6bc1\u300a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u3002\u201d\u6797\u80af\u56de\u590d\u4e86\u8fd9\u5c01\u4fe1\uff0c\u611f\u8c22\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u201c\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u82f1\u96c4\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8239\u53ea\u5411\u82f1\u56fd\u8fd0\u9001\u4e86\u6551\u63f4\u7269\u8d44\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newspaper reported the shock to the community of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln<\/a> in 1865, concluding that “[t]he parting of his family with the dying President is too sad for description”,[47]<\/a> but in what from today’s perspective looks an ill-judged editorial wrote that “[o]f his rule we can never speak except as a series of acts abhorrent to every true notion of constitutional right and human liberty”, adding: “it is doubtless to be regretted that he had not the opportunity of vindicating his good intentions”.[44]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8be5\u62a5\u7eb8\u62a5\u9053\u4e861865\u5e74\u4e9a\u4f2f\u62c9\u7f55\u00b7\u6797\u80af\u9047\u523a\u5bf9\u793e\u533a\u9020\u6210\u7684\u9707\u60ca\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u603b\u7edf\u4e34\u7ec8\u65f6\u523b\u4e0e\u5176\u5bb6\u4eba\u7684\u544a\u522b\u60b2\u4f24\u5f97\u96be\u4ee5\u8a00\u8868\u3002\u201d\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u4ece\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u770b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u5224\u65ad\u5931\u8bef\u7684\u793e\u8bba\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9664\u4e86\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e00\u5207\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u6743\u5229\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u81ea\u7531\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u505a\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u8bc4\u4ef7\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u826f\u597d\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Martin Kettle<\/a>, writing for The Guardian<\/em> in February 2011: “The Guardian<\/em> had always hated slavery. But it doubted the Union hated slavery to the same degree. It argued that the Union had always tacitly condoned slavery by shielding the southern slave states from the condemnation they deserved. It was critical of Lincoln’s emancipation proclamation for stopping short of a full repudiation of slavery throughout the US. And it chastised the president for being so willing to negotiate with the south, with slavery one of the issues still on the table.”[48]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6839\u636e\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u51ef\u7279\u4e8e2011\u5e742\u6708\u4e3a\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff1a\u201c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u4e00\u76f4\u618e\u6076\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u6000\u7591\u8054\u90a6\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u618e\u6076\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u3002\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8054\u90a6\u4e00\u76f4\u901a\u8fc7\u4fdd\u62a4\u5357\u90e8\u84c4\u5974\u5dde\u514d\u53d7\u5e94\u5f97\u7684\u8c34\u8d23\u800c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e86\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5b83\u6279\u8bc4\u6797\u80af\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u5ba3\u8a00\u672a\u80fd\u5168\u9762\u5426\u5b9a\u5168\u7f8e\u7684\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u6307\u8d23\u603b\u7edf\u5982\u6b64\u613f\u610f\u4e0e\u5357\u65b9\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u800c\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u8c08\u5224\u684c\u4e0a\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.1.3 C. P. Scott<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

C. P. Scott<\/a> made the newspaper nationally recognised. He was editor for 57 years from 1872, and became its owner when he bought the paper from the estate of Taylor’s son in 1907. Under Scott, the paper’s moderate editorial line became more radical, supporting William Gladstone<\/a> when the Liberals split in 1886, and opposing the Second Boer War<\/a> against popular opinion.[49]<\/a> Scott supported the movement for women’s suffrage<\/a>, but was critical of any tactics by the Suffragettes<\/a> that involved direct action<\/a>:[50]<\/a> “The really ludicrous position is that Mr Lloyd George<\/a> is fighting to enfranchise seven million women and the militants are smashing unoffending people’s windows and breaking up benevolent societies’ meetings in a desperate effort to prevent him.” Scott thought the Suffragettes’ “courage and devotion” was “worthy of a better cause and saner leadership”.[51]<\/a> It has been argued that Scott’s criticism reflected a widespread disdain, at the time, for those women who “transgressed the gender expectations of Edwardian society<\/a>“.[50]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011C. P. \u65af\u79d1\u7279\u4f7f\u8be5\u62a5\u7eb8\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u4ed6\u4ece1872\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u62c5\u4efb\u7f16\u8f91\u957f\u8fbe57\u5e74\uff0c\u5e76\u57281907\u5e74\u4ece\u6cf0\u52d2\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u4e2d\u4e70\u4e0b\u4e86\u8be5\u62a5\u7eb8\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u7eb8\u539f\u672c\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u8def\u7ebf\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u6fc0\u8fdb\uff0c\u57281886\u5e74\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u88c2\u65f6\u652f\u6301\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u683c\u83b1\u65af\u987f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u987e\u5927\u4f17\u8206\u8bba\u53cd\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5e03\u5c14\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u652f\u6301\u5973\u6027\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u6d89\u53ca\u76f4\u63a5\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u5973\u6027\u53c2\u653f\u8bba\u8005\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u201c\u771f\u6b63\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\uff0c\u52b3\u5408\u00b7\u4e54\u6cbb\u5148\u751f\u6b63\u5728\u4e89\u53d6\u8ba9\u4e03\u767e\u4e07\u5973\u6027\u83b7\u5f97\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u5374\u5728\u62fc\u547d\u5730\u6253\u7838\u65e0\u8f9c\u8005\u7684\u7a97\u6237\u548c\u7834\u574f\u6148\u5584\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u963b\u6b62\u4ed6\u3002\u201d\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u53c2\u653f\u8bba\u8005\u7684\u201c\u52c7\u6c14\u548c\u5949\u732e\u7cbe\u795e\u201d\u662f\u201c\u503c\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u548c\u66f4\u7406\u667a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u201d\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u201c\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u65f6\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u671f\u671b\u201d\u7684\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u9119\u89c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Scott commissioned J. M. Synge<\/a> and his friend Jack Yeats<\/a> to produce articles and drawings documenting the social conditions of the west of Ireland; these pieces were published in 1911 in the collection Travels in Wicklow, West Kerry and Connemara<\/em>.[52]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u59d4\u6258J. M. Synge\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u670b\u53cbJack Yeats\u64b0\u5199\u6587\u7ae0\u5e76\u7ed8\u5236\u63d2\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bb0\u5f55\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u897f\u90e8\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u72b6\u51b5\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e8e1911\u5e74\u6536\u5f55\u5728\u300a\u5728\u5a01\u514b\u6d1b\u3001\u51ef\u91cc\u897f\u90e8\u548c\u5eb7\u5c3c\u9a6c\u62c9\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Scott’s friendship with Chaim Weizmann<\/a> played a role in the Balfour Declaration<\/a>. In 1948 The Manchester Guardian<\/em> was a supporter of the new State of Israel.[citation needed<\/em><\/a>]
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u4e0e\u54c8\u4f0a\u59c6\u00b7\u9b4f\u8328\u66fc\u7684\u53cb\u8c0a\u5728\u8d1d\u5c14\u798f\u5ba3\u8a00\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\u30021948\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u652f\u6301\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u56fd\u3002[\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u8bc1]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ownership of the paper passed in June 1936 to the Scott Trust<\/a> (named after the last owner, John Russell Scott<\/a>, who was the first chairman of the Trust). This move ensured the paper’s independence.[53]<\/a>[additional citation(s) needed<\/em><\/a>]
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8be5\u62a5\u7eb8\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u57281936\u5e746\u6708\u79fb\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u4fe1\u6258\uff08\u4ee5\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4f4d\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u62c9\u585e\u5c14\u00b7\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u662f\u4fe1\u6258\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3e\u63aa\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u62a5\u7eb8\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3002[53][\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5f15\u8bc1]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From 1930 to 1967, a special archival copy of all the daily newspapers was preserved in 700 zinc<\/a> cases. These were found in 1988 whilst the newspaper’s archives were deposited at the University of Manchester<\/a>‘s John Rylands University Library<\/a>, on the Oxford Road campus. The first case was opened and found to contain the newspapers issued in August 1930 in pristine condition. The zinc cases had been made each month by the newspaper’s plumber and stored for posterity. The other 699 cases were not opened and were all returned to storage at The Guardian<\/em>‘s garage, owing to shortage of space at the library.[54]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4ece1930\u5e74\u52301967\u5e74\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u65e5\u62a5\u7684\u7279\u522b\u6863\u6848\u526f\u672c\u90fd\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728700\u4e2a\u950c\u5236\u7bb1\u5b50\u91cc\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7bb1\u5b50\u57281988\u5e74\u62a5\u7eb8\u6863\u6848\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u5927\u5b66\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u8d56\u5170\u5179\u5927\u5b66\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff08\u4f4d\u4e8e\u725b\u6d25\u8def\u6821\u533a\uff09\u65f6\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7bb1\u5b50\u88ab\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4fdd\u5b58\u5b8c\u597d\u76841930\u5e748\u6708\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u950c\u7bb1\u5b50\u662f\u7531\u62a5\u793e\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u5de5\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6708\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e86\u540e\u4ee3\u4fdd\u5b58\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5176\u4f59699\u4e2a\u7bb1\u5b50\u672a\u88ab\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u5e76\u5168\u90e8\u88ab\u9001\u56de\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u8f66\u5e93\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.1.4 \u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5185\u6218 | Spanish Civil War<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Traditionally affiliated with the centrist to centre-left Liberal Party<\/a>, and with a northern, non-conformist circulation base, the paper earned a national reputation and the respect of the left during the Spanish Civil War<\/a> (1936\u20131939). George Orwell<\/a> wrote in Homage to Catalonia<\/em><\/a> (1938): “Of our larger papers, the Manchester Guardian<\/em> is the only one that leaves me with an increased respect for its honesty”.[55]<\/a> With the pro-Liberal News Chronicle<\/em><\/a>, the Labour<\/a>-supporting Daily Herald<\/em><\/a>, the Communist Party<\/a>‘s Daily Worker<\/em><\/a> and several Sunday and weekly papers, it supported the Republican government against General Francisco Franco<\/a>‘s insurgent nationalists.[56]<\/a> \u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u4e0e\u4e2d\u95f4\u504f\u5de6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u7ed3\u76df\uff0c\u5e76\u62e5\u6709\u5317\u90e8\u975e\u56fd\u6559\u5f92\u8bfb\u8005\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u300a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u536b\u62a5\u300b\uff0c\u5728\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5185\u6218\uff081936\u20131939\uff09\u671f\u95f4\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u5965\u5a01\u5c14\u5728\u300a\u5411\u52a0\u6cf0\u7f57\u5c3c\u4e9a\u81f4\u656c\u300b\uff081938\u5e74\uff09\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u578b\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e2d\uff0c\u300a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u8ba9\u6211\u5bf9\u5176\u8bda\u5b9e\u6027\u66f4\u52a0\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8\u3002\u201d\u4e0e\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u7684\u300a\u65b0\u95fb\u7eaa\u4e8b\u62a5\u300b\u3001\u652f\u6301\u5de5\u515a\u7684\u300a\u6bcf\u65e5\u5148\u9a71\u62a5\u300b\u3001gong4 chan3\u515a\u7684\u300a\u6bcf\u65e5\u5de5\u4eba\u62a5\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u51e0\u5bb6\u5468\u62a5\u548c\u661f\u671f\u65e5\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u300a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u652f\u6301\u5171\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u6297\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u5c06\u519b\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u53db\u4e71\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.1.5 \u6218\u540e | Post-war<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

The paper’s then editor, A. P. Wadsworth<\/a>, so loathed Labour’s left-wing champion Aneurin Bevan<\/a>, who had made a reference to getting rid of “Tory Vermin” in a speech “and the hate-gospellers of his entourage” that it encouraged readers to vote Conservative in the 1951 general election<\/a> and remove Clement Attlee’s<\/a> post-war Labour government.[57]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8be5\u62a5\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u7f16\u8f91A. P. Wadsworth\u5982\u6b64\u538c\u6076\u5de5\u515a\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269Aneurin Bevan\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2dBevan\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u8981\u6e05\u9664\u201c\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u7684\u8d25\u7c7b\u201d\u53ca\u5176\u201c\u4f20\u4ec7\u6068\u4e4b\u9053\u7684\u968f\u4ece\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u8be5\u62a5\u9f13\u52b1\u8bfb\u8005\u57281951\u5e74\u7684.general\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u6295\u7968\u7ed9\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u7ed3\u675f\u514b\u83b1\u95e8\u7279\u00b7\u827e\u5fb7\u793c\u7684\u6218\u540e\u5de5\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Manchester Guardian<\/em> strongly opposed military intervention during the 1956 Suez Crisis<\/a>: “The Anglo-French ultimatum to Egypt is an act of folly, without justification in any terms but brief expediency. It pours petrol on a growing fire. There is no knowing what kind of explosion will follow.”[58]<\/a>[59]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u57281956\u5e74\u7684\u82cf\u4f0a\u58eb\u8fd0\u6cb3\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u300a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\u519b\u4e8b\u5e72\u9884\uff1a\u201c\u82f1\u6cd5\u4e24\u56fd\u5bf9\u57c3\u53ca\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u6700\u540e\u901a\u7252\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u611a\u8822\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u6743\u5b9c\u4e4b\u8ba1\u5916\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6b63\u5f53\u7406\u7531\u3002\u8fd9\u65e0\u5f02\u4e8e\u5728\u718a\u718a\u70c8\u706b\u4e0a\u6d47\u6c7d\u6cb9\uff0c\u8c01\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u7206\u70b8\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On 24 August 1959, The Manchester Guardian<\/em> changed its name to The Guardian<\/em>. This change reflected the growing prominence of national and international affairs in the newspaper.[60]<\/a> In September 1961, The Guardian<\/em>, which had previously only been published in Manchester<\/a>, began to be printed in London.[61]<\/a> Nesta Roberts<\/a> was appointed as the newspaper’s first news editor there, becoming the first woman to hold such a position on a British national newspaper.[62]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111959\u5e748\u670824\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u66f4\u6539\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8be5\u62a5\u5bf9\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u4e8b\u52a1\u62a5\u9053\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u30021961\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u5370\u5237\uff0c\u6b64\u524d\u5b83\u53ea\u5728\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u5948\u65af\u5854\u00b7\u7f57\u4f2f\u8328\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u8be5\u62a5\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u65b0\u95fb\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u9996\u4f4d\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0a\u62c5\u4efb\u6b64\u7c7b\u804c\u52a1\u7684\u5973\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2 1972-2000\u5e74 | 1972 to 2000<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1.2.1 \u201c\u9ebb\u70e6\u201d\uff08\u5317\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u51b2\u7a81\uff09| The Troubles<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

During the early period of the Troubles<\/a>, The Guardian<\/em> supported British state intervention to quell disturbances between Irish Catholics<\/a> and Ulster loyalists<\/a> in Northern Ireland<\/a>.[63]<\/a> After the Battle of the Bogside<\/a> between Catholic residents of Derry<\/a> and the Royal Ulster Constabulary<\/a> (RUC), The Guardian<\/em> called for the British Armed Forces<\/a> to be deployed to the region, arguing that their deployment would “present a more disinterested face of law and order” than the RUC.”[64]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5728\u5317\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u95ee\u9898\u521d\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u652f\u6301\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4ecb\u5165\u4ee5\u5e73\u606f\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u4e0e\u5317\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u5fe0\u8bda\u6d3e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u5728\u5fb7\u91cc\u7684\u6cbc\u4fa7\u533a\u5c45\u6c11\u4e0e\u7687\u5bb6\u963f\u5c14\u65af\u7279\u8b66\u7f72\uff08RUC\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff08\u535a\u683c\u8d5b\u5fb7\u4e4b\u6218\uff09\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u547c\u5401\u90e8\u7f72\u82f1\u56fd\u6b66\u88c5\u90e8\u961f\u5230\u8be5\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u519b\u961f\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u5c06\u6bd4RUC\u201c\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u9762\u8c8c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On 30 January 1972, troops from the 1st Battalion, Parachute Regiment<\/a> opened fire on a Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association<\/a> march, killing fourteen people in an event that would come to be known as Bloody Sunday<\/a>. In response to the incident, The Guardian<\/em> argued that “Neither side can escape condemnation… The organizers of the demonstration, Miss Bernadette Devlin<\/a> among them, deliberately challenged the ban on marches. They knew that stone throwing and sniping could not be prevented, and that the IRA<\/a> might use the crowd as a shield<\/a>.”[65]<\/a> The Guardian<\/em> further stated that “It is certainly true that the army cordons had endured a wanton barrage of stones, steel bars, and other missiles. That still does not justify opening fire so freely.”[65]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111972\u5e741\u670830\u65e5\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u7a7a\u964d\u5175\u7b2c\u4e00\u8425\u7684\u90e8\u961f\u5411\u5317\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u6e38\u884c\u5f00\u706b\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5341\u56db\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8840\u8165\u661f\u671f\u65e5\u201d\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u9003\u8131\u8c34\u8d23\u2026\u2026\u5305\u62ec\u4f2f\u7eb3\u9edb\u7279\u00b7\u5fb7\u592b\u6797\u5c0f\u59d0\u5728\u5185\u7684\u793a\u5a01\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\u6545\u610f\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u7981\u6b62\u6e38\u884c\u7684\u7981\u4ee4\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u65e0\u6cd5\u963b\u6b62\u6295\u63b7\u77f3\u5757\u548c\u72d9\u51fb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u5171\u548c\u519b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5229\u7528\u4eba\u7fa4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u63a9\u62a4\u3002\u201d\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u519b\u961f\u7684\u5c01\u9501\u7ebf\u786e\u5b9e\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u8086\u610f\u7684\u77f3\u5757\u3001\u94a2\u7b4b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6295\u5c04\u7269\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\u968f\u610f\u5f00\u706b\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u7406\u7531\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the events of Bloody Sunday, John Widgery, Baron Widgery<\/a> was appointed the head of a tribunal to investigate the killings. The resulting tribunal, known as the Widgery Tribunal<\/a>, largely exonerated the actions of the soldiers involved in the incident.[66]<\/a>[67]<\/a> The Guardian<\/em> published an article on 20 April 1972 which supported the tribunal and its findings, arguing that “Widgery’s report is not one-sided”.[68]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5728\u201c\u8840\u8165\u661f\u671f\u65e5\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5a01\u5fb7\u683c\u91cc\uff0c\u5a01\u5fb7\u683c\u91cc\u52cb\u7235\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c03\u67e5\u6740\u622e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6cd5\u5ead\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5a01\u5fb7\u683c\u91cc\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e3a\u6d89\u4e8b\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5f00\u8131\u4e86\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u57281972\u5e744\u670820\u65e5\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u652f\u6301\u8be5\u6cd5\u5ead\u53ca\u5176\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u5a01\u5fb7\u683c\u91cc\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u9762\u4e4b\u8bcd\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In response to the introduction of internment<\/a> without trial in Northern Ireland, The Guardian<\/em> argued that “Internment without trial is hateful, repressive and undemocratic. In the existing Irish situation, most regrettably, it is also inevitable… To remove the ringleaders, in the hope that the atmosphere might calm down, is a step to which there is no obvious alternative.”[69]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u9488\u5bf9\u5728\u5317\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u5f15\u5165\u4e0d\u7ecf\u5ba1\u5224\u7684\u76d1\u7981\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u4e0d\u7ecf\u5ba1\u5224\u7684\u76d1\u7981\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u618e\u6076\u7684\u3001\u538b\u5236\u6027\u7684\u548c\u53cd\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u5c40\u52bf\u4e0b\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u2026\u2026\u79fb\u9664\u90a3\u4e9b\u9996\u8981\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5c40\u52bf\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\u5e73\u9759\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u663e\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2.2 \u838e\u62c9\u00b7\u8482\u65af\u4ee3\u5c14\u4e8b\u4ef6 | Sarah Tisdall<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

In 1983, the paper was at the centre of a controversy surrounding documents regarding the stationing of cruise missiles<\/a> in Britain that were leaked to The Guardian<\/em> by civil servant Sarah Tisdall<\/a>. The paper eventually complied with a court order to hand over the documents to the authorities, which resulted in a six-month prison sentence for Tisdall,[70]<\/a> though she served only four. “I still blame myself”, said Peter Preston<\/a>, who was the editor of The Guardian<\/em> at the time, but he went on to argue that the paper had no choice because it “believed in the rule of law”.[71]<\/a> In a 2019 article discussing Julian Assange<\/a> and the protection of sources by journalists, John Pilger<\/a> criticised the editor of The Guardian<\/em> for betraying Tisdall by choosing not to go to prison “on a fundamental principle of protecting a source”.[72]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111983\u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u7eb8\u56e0\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u838e\u62c9\u00b7\u8482\u65af\u4ee3\u5c14\u6cc4\u9732\u6709\u5173\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u90e8\u7f72\u5de1\u822a\u5bfc\u5f39\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed9\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u800c\u5377\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u62a5\u7eb8\u6700\u7ec8\u9075\u4ece\u6cd5\u9662\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86\u5f53\u5c40\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u8482\u65af\u4ee3\u5c14\u88ab\u5224\u516d\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u76d1\u7981\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5979\u53ea\u670d\u5211\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u6708\u3002\u201c\u6211\u4ecd\u7136\u8d23\u602a\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u201d\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u666e\u96f7\u65af\u987f\u8bf4\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u63a5\u7740\u8fa9\u89e3\u8bf4\u62a5\u7eb8\u522b\u65e0\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u201c\u76f8\u4fe1\u6cd5\u6cbb\u201d\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u7bc72019\u5e74\u5173\u4e8e\u6731\u5229\u5b89\u00b7\u963f\u6851\u5947\u548c\u8bb0\u8005\u4fdd\u62a4\u6d88\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u76ae\u5c14\u683c\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u53bb\u5750\u7262\u4ee5\u575a\u6301\u4fdd\u62a4\u6d88\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u8fd9\u4e00\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u800c\u80cc\u53db\u4e86\u8482\u65af\u4ee3\u5c14\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2.3 \u636e\u79f0\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u60c5\u62a5\u90e8\u95e8\u6e17\u900f | Alleged penetration by Russian intelligence<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

In 1994, KGB<\/a> defector Oleg Gordievsky<\/a> identified Guardian<\/em> literary editor Richard Gott<\/a> as “an agent of influence”. While Gott denied that he received cash, he admitted he had had lunch at the Soviet Embassy and had taken benefits from the KGB on overseas visits. Gott resigned from his post.[73]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111994\u5e74\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u60c5\u62a5\u5c40\uff08KGB\uff09\u53db\u9003\u8005\u5965\u5217\u683c\u00b7\u6208\u8fea\u8036\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u6307\u8ba4\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u6587\u5b66\u7f16\u8f91\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u6208\u7279\u4e3a\u201c\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6208\u7279\u5426\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u6536\u8fc7\u73b0\u91d1\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u627f\u8ba4\u66fe\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u7528\u9910\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u514b\u683c\u52c3\u7684\u597d\u5904\u3002\u6208\u7279\u56e0\u6b64\u8f9e\u53bb\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u804c\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gordievsky commented on the newspaper: “The KGB loved The Guardian<\/em>. It was deemed highly susceptible to penetration.”[74]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6208\u8fea\u8036\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u8fd8\u8bc4\u8bba\u8be5\u62a5\u7eb8\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u514b\u683c\u52c3\u559c\u7231\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6781\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u6e17\u900f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2.4 Jonathan Aitken<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

In 1995, both the Granada Television<\/a> programme World in Action<\/em><\/a> and The Guardian<\/em> were sued for libel<\/a> by the then cabinet minister Jonathan Aitken<\/a>, for their allegation that Harrods<\/a> owner Mohamed Al Fayed<\/a> had paid for Aitken and his wife to stay at the H\u00f4tel Ritz<\/a> in Paris, which would have amounted to accepting a bribe on Aitken’s part. Aitken publicly stated that he would fight with “the simple sword of truth and the trusty shield of British fair play”.[75]<\/a> The court case proceeded, and in 1997 The Guardian<\/em> produced evidence that Aitken’s claim of his wife paying for the hotel stay was untrue.[76]<\/a> In 1999, Aitken was jailed for perjury<\/a> and perverting the course of justice<\/a>.[77]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111995\u5e74\uff0c\u683c\u5170\u8fbe\u7535\u89c6\u8282\u76ee\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u5728\u884c\u52a8\u300b\u548c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u56e0\u6307\u63a7\u65f6\u4efb\u5185\u9601\u5927\u81e3\u4e54\u7eb3\u68ee\u00b7\u827e\u7279\u80af\u63a5\u53d7\u54c8\u7f57\u5179\u767e\u8d27\u516c\u53f8\u8001\u677f\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u00b7\u963f\u5c14\u00b7\u6cd5\u8036\u5fb7\u652f\u4ed8\u5176\u4e0e\u59bb\u5b50\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u4e3d\u5179\u9152\u5e97\u7684\u4f4f\u5bbf\u8d39\u7528\u800c\u906d\u5230\u8bfd\u8c24\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u8fd9\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u827e\u7279\u80af\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u8d3f\u8d42\u3002\u827e\u7279\u80af\u516c\u5f00\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u5c06\u7528\u201c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u771f\u7406\u4e4b\u5251\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u5e73\u7ade\u8d5b\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u76fe\u724c\u201d\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6297\u4e89\u3002\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6848\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c1997\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bc1\u636e\u8bc1\u660e\u827e\u7279\u80af\u5173\u4e8e\u5176\u59bb\u5b50\u652f\u4ed8\u9152\u5e97\u4f4f\u5bbf\u8d39\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5c5e\u5b9e\u30021999\u5e74\uff0c\u827e\u7279\u80af\u56e0\u4f2a\u8bc1\u7f6a\u548c\u59a8\u788d\u53f8\u6cd5\u516c\u6b63\u800c\u88ab\u5224\u5165\u72f1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2.5 <\/strong>Connection<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

In May 1998, a series of Guardian<\/em> investigations exposed the wholesale fabrication of a much-garlanded ITV documentary The Connection<\/em>, produced by Carlton Television.<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111998\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8c03\u67e5\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u7531\u5361\u5c14\u987f\u7535\u89c6\u53f0\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u83b7\u5956\u4f17\u591a\u7684ITV\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\u300aConnection\u300b\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u9020\u5047\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The documentary purported to film an undiscovered route by which heroin was smuggled into the United Kingdom from Colombia. An internal inquiry at Carlton found that The Guardian<\/em>‘s allegations were in large part correct and the then industry regulator, the ITC, punished Carlton with a record \u00a32 million fine[78]<\/a> for multiple breaches of the UK’s broadcasting codes. The scandal led to an impassioned debate about the accuracy of documentary production.[79]<\/a>[80]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8fd9\u90e8\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\u58f0\u79f0\u62cd\u6444\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u4ece\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u8d70\u79c1\u6d77\u6d1b\u56e0\u8fdb\u5165\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u65b0\u8def\u7ebf\u3002\u5361\u5c14\u987f\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u6307\u63a7\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784ITC\u56e0\u8fdd\u53cd\u82f1\u56fd\u5e7f\u64ad\u51c6\u5219\u5bf9\u5361\u5c14\u987f\u5904\u4ee5\u521b\u7eaa\u5f55\u7684200\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\u7f5a\u6b3e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e11\u95fb\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\u5236\u4f5c\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u8fa9\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Later in June 1998, The Guardian<\/em> revealed further fabrications in another Carlton documentary from the same director.[81]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111998\u5e746\u6708\u665a\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u53c8\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u5bfc\u6f14\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5361\u5c14\u987f\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\u4e2d\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9020\u5047\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2.6 \u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u6218\u4e89 | Kosovo War<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

The paper supported NATO<\/a>‘s military intervention in the Kosovo War<\/a> in 1998\u20131999. The Guardian<\/em> stated that “the only honourable course for Europe and America is to use military force”.[82]<\/a> Mary Kaldor<\/a>‘s piece was headlined “Bombs away! But to save civilians, we must get in some soldiers too.”[83]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8be5\u62a5\u7eb8\u652f\u63011998-1999\u5e74\u5317\u7ea6\u5728\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u201c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8363\u8a89\u4e4b\u8def\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u5361\u5c14\u591a\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u6807\u9898\u662f\u201c\u6295\u5f39\u5427\uff01\u4f46\u4e3a\u4e86\u62ef\u6551\u5e73\u6c11\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u6d3e\u4e00\u4e9b\u58eb\u5175\u8fdb\u53bb\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3 2000\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765 | Since 2000<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"\/
\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 2.0\u534f\u8bae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aThe Guardian<\/em> senior news writer Esther Addley interviewing Ecuadorian foreign minister Ricardo Pati\u00f1o<\/a> for an article relating to Julian Assange<\/a> in 2014
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u65b0\u95fb\u8bb0\u8005\u57c3\u4e1d\u7279\u00b7\u963f\u5fb7\u5229\u57282014\u5e74\u91c7\u8bbf\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u957f\u91cc\u5361\u591a\u00b7\u5e15\u8482\u8bfa\uff0c\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u4e0e\u6731\u5229\u5b89\u00b7\u963f\u6851\u5947\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002 <\/p>\n\u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aDavid G Silvers\/Canciller\u00eda del Ecuador<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

In the early 2000s, The Guardian<\/em> challenged the Act of Settlement 1701<\/a> and the Treason Felony Act 1848<\/a>.[84]<\/a>[85]<\/a> In October 2004, The Guardian<\/em> published a humorous column by Charlie Brooker<\/a> in its entertainment guide, the final sentence of which was viewed by some as a call for violence against U.S. President George W. Bush<\/a>; after a controversy, Brooker and the paper issued an apology, saying the “closing comments were intended as an ironic joke, not as a call to action”.[86]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u57282000\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u6311\u6218\u4e861701\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u7ee7\u627f\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u548c1848\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u53db\u56fd\u91cd\u7f6a\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u30022004\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5728\u5176\u5a31\u4e50\u6307\u5357\u4e2d\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u67e5\u7406\u00b7\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u5e7d\u9ed8\u4e13\u680f\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u88ab\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u89c6\u4e3a\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7W\u00b7\u5e03\u4ec0\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u547c\u5401\uff1b\u5728\u5f15\u53d1\u4e89\u8bae\u540e\uff0c\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u548c\u62a5\u793e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9053\u6b49\uff0c\u79f0\u201c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbd\u523a\u7684\u7b11\u8bdd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u53f7\u53ec\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Following the 7 July 2005 London bombings<\/a>, The Guardian<\/em> published an article on its comment pages by Dilpazier Aslam<\/a>, a 27-year-old British Muslim and journalism trainee from Yorkshire<\/a>.[87]<\/a> Aslam was a member of Hizb ut-Tahrir<\/a>, an Islamist<\/a> group, and had published a number of articles on their website. According to the newspaper, it did not know that Aslam was a member of Hizb ut-Tahrir when he applied to become a trainee, though several staff members were informed of this once he started at the paper.[88]<\/a> The Home Office<\/a> said that the group’s “ultimate aim is the establishment of an Islamic state (Caliphate), according to Hizb ut-Tahrir via non-violent means”. The Guardian<\/em> asked Aslam to resign his membership of the group and, when he did not do so, terminated his employment.[89]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u57282005\u5e747\u67087\u65e5\u4f26\u6566\u7206\u70b8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u540e\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5728\u5176\u8bc4\u8bba\u7248\u9762\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u7ea6\u514b\u90e1\u768427\u5c81\u82f1\u56fdmu4 si1 lin2\u8fea\u5c14\u5e15\u9f50\u5c14\u00b7\u963f\u65af\u5170\uff0c\u4ed6\u662fyi1 si1 lan2\u56e2\u4f53\u201c\u5854\u8d6b\u91cc\u5c14\u515a\u201d\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u53d1\u5e03\u8fc7\u591a\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u636e\u8be5\u62a5\u79f0\uff0c\u5728\u963f\u65af\u5170\u7533\u8bf7\u6210\u4e3a\u5b9e\u4e60\u751f\u65f6\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u662f\u5854\u8d6b\u91cc\u5c14\u515a\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u62a5\u793e\u5de5\u4f5c\u540e\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u5f97\u77e5\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u5185\u653f\u90e8\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u201c\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u975e\u66b4\u529b\u624b\u6bb5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2ayi1 si1 lan2\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u54c8\u91cc\u53d1guo2\uff09\u201d\u3002\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u8981\u6c42\u963f\u65af\u5170\u8f9e\u53bb\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u65f6\uff0c\u62a5\u793e\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u96c7\u4f63\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In early 2009, The Guardian<\/em> started a tax investigation into a number of major UK companies,[90]<\/a> including publishing a database of the tax paid by the FTSE 100<\/a> companies.[91]<\/a> Internal documents relating to Barclays Bank<\/a>‘s tax avoidance<\/a> were removed from The Guardian<\/em> website after Barclays obtained a gagging order<\/a>.[92]<\/a> The newspaper played a pivotal role in exposing the depth of the News of the World phone hacking affair<\/em><\/a>. <\/em>The Economist<\/em><\/a>‘s <\/em>Intelligent Life<\/em><\/a> magazine opined that:<\/em>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112009\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u5bf9\u591a\u5bb6\u82f1\u56fd\u4e3b\u8981\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7a0e\u52a1\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u5305\u542b\u5bcc\u65f6100\u6307\u6570\u516c\u53f8\u6240\u7f34\u7a0e\u6b3e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u5728\u5df4\u514b\u83b1\u94f6\u884c\u83b7\u5f97\u7981\u4ee4\u540e\uff0c\u4e0e\u8be5\u94f6\u884c\u907f\u7a0e\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u6587\u4ef6\u4ece\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u5728\u63ed\u9732\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u300b\u7535\u8bdd\u7a83\u542c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u65b9\u9762\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4eba\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u300a\u667a\u6167\u751f\u6d3b\u300b\u4e13\u680f\u8bc4\u8bba\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

As Watergate<\/a> is to the Washington Post<\/em><\/a>, and thalidomide<\/a> to the Sunday Times<\/em><\/a>, so phone-hacking<\/a> will surely be to The Guardian<\/em>: a defining moment in its history.[93]<\/a> <\/p>\n\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u201c\u6b63\u5982\u6c34\u95e8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e8e\u300a\u534e\u76db\u987f\u90ae\u62a5\u300b\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u505c\u836f\u7269\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e8e\u300a\u661f\u671f\u65e5\u6cf0\u6664\u58eb\u62a5\u300b\uff0c\u7535\u8bdd\u7a83\u542c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u65e0\u7591\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u65f6\u523b\u3002\u201d<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

1.3.1 \u5df4\u4ee5\u51b2\u7a81\u62a5\u9053 | Israeli-Palestinian conflict coverage<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

In recent decades, The Guardian<\/em> has been accused of biased criticism of Israeli government policy<\/a>[94]<\/a> and of bias against the Palestinians.[95]<\/a> In December 2003, columnist Julie Burchill<\/a> cited “striking bias against the state of Israel” as one of the reasons she left the paper for The Times<\/em>.[96]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u88ab\u6307\u8d23\u5bf9\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u5b58\u5728\u504f\u5411\u6027\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u5b58\u5728\u504f\u89c1\u30022003\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u4e13\u680f\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6731\u8389\u00b7\u4f2f\u5947\u5c14\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u201c\u5bf9\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u56fd\u660e\u663e\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5979\u79bb\u5f00\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u8f6c\u6295\u300a\u6cf0\u6664\u58eb\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Responding to these accusations, a Guardian<\/em> editorial in 2002 condemned antisemitism and defended the paper’s right to criticise the policies and actions of the Israeli government, arguing that those who view such criticism as inherently anti-Jewish are mistaken.[97]<\/a> Harriet Sherwood, then The Guardian<\/em>‘s foreign editor, later its Jerusalem correspondent, has also denied that The Guardian<\/em> has an anti-Israel bias, saying that the paper aims to cover all viewpoints in the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict<\/a>.[98]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u56de\u5e94\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u8d23\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u57282002\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u793e\u8bba\uff0c\u8c34\u8d23\u53cd\u72b9\u592a\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u634d\u536b\u4e86\u62a5\u7eb8\u6279\u8bc4\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6279\u8bc4\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u53cd\u72b9\u592a\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u54c8\u91cc\u7279\u00b7\u820d\u4f0d\u5fb7\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5916\u4e8b\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u901a\u8baf\u5458\uff0c\u4e5f\u5426\u8ba4\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5b58\u5728\u53cd\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u62a5\u65e8\u5728\u6db5\u76d6\u4ee5\u5df4\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On 6 November 2011, Chris Elliott, The Guardian<\/em>‘s readers’ editor, wrote that “Guardian<\/em> reporters, writers and editors must be more vigilant about the language they use when writing about Jews or Israel”, citing recent cases where The Guardian<\/em> received complaints regarding language chosen to describe Jews or Israel. Elliott noted that, over nine months, he upheld complaints regarding language in certain articles that were seen as anti-Semitic, revising the language and footnoting this change.[99]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112011\u5e7411\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u8bfb\u8005\u7f16\u8f91\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u00b7\u57c3\u5229\u5965\u7279\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u8bb0\u8005\u3001\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u7f16\u8f91\u5728\u5199\u4f5c\u6d89\u53ca\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6216\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u66f4\u52a0\u8b66\u60d5\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u8fd1\u51e0\u8d77\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u6536\u5230\u6295\u8bc9\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6295\u8bc9\u9488\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6216\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u57c3\u5229\u5965\u7279\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u4e5d\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6295\u8bc9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u53cd\u72b9\u592a\uff0c\u5e76\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6539\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6ce8\u811a\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Guardian<\/em>‘s style guide section referred to Tel Aviv<\/a> as the capital of Israel in 2012. In 2012, media watchdog HonestReporting<\/a> filed a complaint with the Press Complaints Commission<\/a> (PCC) after The Guardian<\/em> ran a correction apologizing for “wrongly” having called Jerusalem as Israel’s capital. After an initial ruling supporting The Guardian<\/em>, the PCC retracted its original ruling, leading to the newspaper’s acknowledgement that it was wrong to call Tel Aviv Israel’s capital.[100]<\/a>[101]<\/a>[102]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u6307\u5357\u90e8\u5206\u57282012\u5e74\u5c06\u7279\u62c9\u7ef4\u592b\u79f0\u4e3a\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u9996\u90fd\u30022012\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u5219\u66f4\u6b63\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u4e3a\u5176\u201c\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u201d\u79f0\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u4e3a\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u9996\u90fd\u800c\u9053\u6b49\u540e\uff0c\u5a92\u4f53\u76d1\u7763\u7ec4\u7ec7HonestReporting\u5411\u65b0\u95fb\u6295\u8bc9\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08PCC\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6295\u8bc9\u3002\u5728\u6700\u521d\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\u652f\u6301\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cPCC\u64a4\u56de\u4e86\u5176\u539f\u59cb\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8be5\u62a5\u627f\u8ba4\u79f0\u7279\u62c9\u7ef4\u592b\u4e3a\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u9996\u90fd\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Guardian<\/em> later clarified: “In 1980, the Israeli Knesset enacted a law designating the city of Jerusalem, including East Jerusalem, as the country’s capital. In response, the UN security council issued resolution 478, censuring the “change in character and status of the Holy City of Jerusalem” and calling on all member states with diplomatic missions in the city to withdraw.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u540e\u6765\u6f84\u6e05\u9053\uff1a\u201c1980\u5e74\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u8bae\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u5305\u62ec\u4e1c\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u5728\u5185\u7684\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u5e02\u4e3a\u8be5\u56fd\u7684\u9996\u90fd\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5b89\u7406\u4f1a\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u7b2c478\u53f7\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u8c34\u8d23\u2018\u5723\u57ce\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u2019\uff0c\u5e76\u547c\u5401\u6240\u6709\u5728\u8be5\u57ce\u5e02\u8bbe\u6709\u5916\u4ea4\u4f7f\u56e2\u7684\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u64a4\u56de\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UN has reaffirmed this position on several occasions, and almost every country now has its embassy in Tel Aviv. While it was therefore right to issue a correction to make clear Israel’s designation of Jerusalem as its capital is not recognised by the international community, we accept that it is wrong to state that Tel Aviv \u2013 the country’s financial and diplomatic centre \u2013 is the capital. The style guide has been amended accordingly.”[103]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u573a\u5408\u91cd\u7533\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u73b0\u5728\u90fd\u5728\u7279\u62c9\u7ef4\u592b\u8bbe\u6709\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u3002\u867d\u7136\u56e0\u6b64\u53d1\u5e03\u66f4\u6b63\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u660e\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5c06\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5176\u9996\u90fd\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u58f0\u660e\u7279\u62c9\u7ef4\u592b\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u548c\u5916\u4ea4\u4e2d\u5fc3\u2014\u2014\u662f\u9996\u90fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u98ce\u683c\u6307\u5357\u5df2\u76f8\u5e94\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4fee\u6b63\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On 11 August 2014 the print edition of The Guardian<\/em> published a pro-Israeli advocacy advert during the 2014 Israel\u2013Gaza conflict<\/a> featuring Elie Wiesel<\/a>, headed by the words “Jews rejected child sacrifice 3,500 years ago. Now it’s Hamas’ turn.” The Times<\/em> had decided against running the ad, although it had already appeared in major American newspapers.[104]<\/a> One week later, Chris Elliott expressed the opinion that the newspaper should have rejected the language used in the advert and should have negotiated with the advertiser on this matter.[105]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112014\u5e748\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u57282014\u5e74\u4ee5\u8272\u5217-\u52a0\u6c99\u51b2\u7a81\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5370\u5237\u7248\u520a\u767b\u4e86\u4e00\u5219\u652f\u6301\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u5e7f\u544a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u57c3\u5229\u00b7\u7ef4\u745f\u5c14\uff0c\u6807\u9898\u5199\u7740\u201c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u57283500\u5e74\u524d\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u732e\u796d\u513f\u7ae5\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u8f6e\u5230\u54c8\u9a6c\u65af\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u300a\u6cf0\u6664\u58eb\u62a5\u300b\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0d\u520a\u767b\u8fd9\u5219\u5e7f\u544a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In October 2023, The Guardian<\/em> stated it would not renew the contract of cartoonist Steve Bell<\/a> after he submitted a cartoon featuring Netanyahu, with his shirt open, wearing boxing gloves and holding a scalpel over a dotted shape of the Gaza Strip<\/a> on his stomach. The caption read: “Residents of Gaza, get out now.” Due to what has been seen by some as a reference to Shakespeare’s Shylock<\/a>‘s “pound of flesh”, it prompted accusations that it was antisemitic.[106]<\/a> Bell said that he was inspired by the 1960s “Johnson’s Scar” cartoon by David Levine<\/a> of U.S. president Lyndon B Johnson<\/a> within the context of the Vietnam War<\/a>.[107]<\/a>[108]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112023\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u6f2b\u753b\u5bb6\u53f2\u8482\u592b\u00b7\u8d1d\u5c14\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u5e45\u63cf\u7ed8\u5185\u5854\u5c3c\u4e9a\u80e1\u7684\u6f2b\u753b\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u7eed\u7b7e\u4ed6\u7684\u5408\u540c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u5e45\u6f2b\u753b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u5854\u5c3c\u4e9a\u80e1\u655e\u7740\u886c\u886b\uff0c\u6234\u7740\u62f3\u51fb\u624b\u5957\uff0c\u624b\u6301\u624b\u672f\u5200\uff0c\u5728\u8179\u90e8\u753b\u51fa\u4e86\u52a0\u6c99\u5730\u5e26\u7684\u8f6e\u5ed3\uff0c\u914d\u6587\u5199\u7740\uff1a\u201c\u52a0\u6c99\u5c45\u6c11\u4eec\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u79bb\u5f00\u3002\u201d\u7531\u4e8e\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7b14\u4e0b\u590f\u6d1b\u514b\u201c\u4e00\u78c5\u8089\u201d\u7684\u5f71\u5c04\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u8fd9\u5e45\u6f2b\u753b\u5177\u6709\u53cd\u72b9\u592a\u4e3b\u4e49\u503e\u5411\u7684\u6307\u8d23\u3002\u8d1d\u5c14\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7075\u611f\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6f2b\u753b\u5bb6\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u83b1\u6587\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u6797\u767b\u00b7B\u00b7\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u7684\u201cJohnson’s Scar\u201d\u6f2b\u753b\uff0c\u8be5\u6f2b\u753b\u662f\u5728\u8d8a\u5357\u6218\u4e89\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3.2 \u514b\u62c9\u514b\u53bf\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\uff09| Clark County<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

In August 2004, for the US presidential election<\/a>, the daily G2<\/em> supplement launched an experimental letter-writing campaign in Clark County<\/a>, Ohio, an average-sized county in a swing state<\/a>. Editor Ian Katz<\/a> bought a voter list from the county for $25 and asked readers to write to people listed as undecided in the election, giving them an impression of the international view and the importance of voting against President George W. Bush.[citation needed<\/em><\/a>] Katz admitted later that he did not believe Democrats who warned that the campaign would benefit Bush and not opponent John Kerry<\/a>.[109]<\/a> The newspaper scrapped “Operation Clark County” on 21 October 2004 after first publishing a column of responses\u2014nearly all of them outraged\u2014to the campaign under the headline “Dear Limey assholes”.[110]<\/a> Some commentators suggested that the public’s dislike of the campaign contributed to Bush’s victory in Clark County.[111]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112004\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u5927\u9009\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u65e5\u520aG2\u589e\u520a\u5728\u4fc4\u4ea5\u4fc4\u5dde\u7684\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u53bf\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u5199\u4fe1\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u53bf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6447\u6446\u5dde\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u7b49\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u53bf\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u4f0a\u6069\u00b7\u5361\u8328\u4ee525\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u4ece\u8be5\u53bf\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u9009\u6c11\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf7\u6c42\u8bfb\u8005\u7ed9\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u5c1a\u672a\u51b3\u5b9a\u6295\u7968\u610f\u5411\u7684\u4eba\u5199\u4fe1\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7559\u4e0b\u56fd\u9645\u89c2\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u6295\u7968\u53cd\u5bf9\u603b\u7edf\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7W\u00b7\u5e03\u4ec0\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5361\u8328\u540e\u6765\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u90a3\u4e9b\u8b66\u544a\u8bf4\u8fd9\u9879\u6d3b\u52a8\u5c06\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5e03\u4ec0\u53d7\u76ca\u800c\u975e\u5bf9\u624b\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u4eba\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u57282004\u5e7410\u670821\u65e5\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e86\u201c\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u53bf\u884c\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u9996\u5148\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u4e13\u680f\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6c47\u96c6\u4e86\u5bf9\u8be5\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u2014\u2014\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u90fd\u8868\u793a\u6124\u6012\u2014\u2014\u6807\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u81f4\u4eb2\u7231\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u6df7\u86cb\u4eec\u201d\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bc4\u8bba\u5458\u8ba4\u4e3a\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u8fd9\u9879\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u53cd\u611f\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u5e03\u4ec0\u5728\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u53bf\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3.3 \u300a\u536b\u62a5\u7f8e\u56fd\u300b| <\/strong>Guardian America<\/em> and Guardian US<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

In 2007, the paper launched Guardian America<\/em>, an attempt to capitalise on its large online readership in the United States, which at the time stood at more than 5.9 million. The company hired former American Prospect<\/em><\/a> editor, New York<\/em><\/a> magazine columnist and New York Review of Books<\/em><\/a> writer Michael Tomasky<\/a> to head the project and hire a staff of American reporters and web editors. The site featured news from The Guardian<\/em> that was relevant to an American audience: coverage of US news and the Middle East, for example.[112]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112007\u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u7eb8\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u7f8e\u56fd\u7248\u300b\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5229\u7528\u5176\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u5728\u7ebf\u8bfb\u8005\u7fa4\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u5b57\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86590\u4e07\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u8058\u8bf7\u4e86\u524d\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u524d\u666f\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u7f16\u8f91\u3001\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u4e13\u680f\u4f5c\u5bb6\u53ca\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u4e66\u8bc4\u300b\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u57fa\u6765\u9886\u5bfc\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5e76\u96c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bb0\u8005\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u8f91\u3002\u8be5\u7f51\u7ad9\u63d0\u4f9b\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u9762\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u89c2\u4f17\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b0\u95fb\u548c\u4e2d\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tomasky stepped down from his position as editor of Guardian America<\/em> in February 2009, ceding editing and planning duties to other US and London staff. He retained his position as a columnist and blogger, taking the title editor-at-large.[113]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112009 \u5e74 2 \u6708\uff0c\u6258\u739b\u65af\u57fa\u8f9e\u53bb\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u7f8e\u56fd\u7248\u300b\u4e3b\u7f16\u4e00\u804c\uff0c\u5c06\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u7b56\u5212\u5de5\u4f5c\u79fb\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u4f26\u6566\u5458\u5de5\u3002\u4ed6\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4e13\u680f\u4f5c\u5bb6\u548c\u535a\u4e3b\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u62c5\u4efb\u7279\u7ea6\u7f16\u8f91\u3002[113]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In October 2009, the company abandoned the Guardian America<\/em> homepage, instead directing users to a US news index page on the main Guardian<\/em> website.[114]<\/a> The following month, the company laid off six American employees, including a reporter, a multimedia producer and four web editors. The move came as Guardian News and Media<\/em> opted to reconsider its US strategy amid a huge effort to cut costs across the company.[115]<\/a> In subsequent years, however, The Guardian<\/em> has hired various commentators on US affairs including Ana Marie Cox<\/a>, Michael Wolff<\/a>, Naomi Wolf<\/a>, Glenn Greenwald<\/a> and George W. Bush’s former speechwriter Josh Trevi\u00f1o<\/a>.[116]<\/a>[117]<\/a> Trevi\u00f1o’s first blog post was an apology for a controversial tweet posted in June 2011 over the second Gaza flotilla, the controversy which had been revived by the appointment.[118]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112009 \u5e74 10 \u6708\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7f8e\u56fd\u7248\u4e3b\u9875\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u5f15\u5bfc\u81f3\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u4e3b\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b0\u95fb\u7d22\u5f15\u9875\u3002[114] \u6b21\u6708\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u89e3\u96c7\u4e86\u516d\u540d\u7f8e\u56fd\u5458\u5de5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u540d\u8bb0\u8005\u3001\u4e00\u540d\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u5236\u4f5c\u4eba\u548c\u56db\u540d\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u8f91\u3002\u6b64\u4e3e\u6b63\u503c\u536b\u62a5\u65b0\u95fb\u4f20\u5a92\u96c6\u56e2\u5728\u524a\u51cf\u516c\u53f8\u6210\u672c\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u52aa\u529b\u4e0b\u9009\u62e9\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u8651\u5176\u7f8e\u56fd\u6218\u7565\u4e4b\u9645\u3002[115] \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u8058\u8bf7\u4e86\u591a\u4f4d\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e8b\u52a1\u8bc4\u8bba\u5458\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u8003\u514b\u65af\u3001\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u3001\u5185\u5965\u7c73\u00b7\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u3001\u683c\u4f26\u00b7\u683c\u6797\u6c83\u5c14\u5fb7\u548c\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7W\u00b7\u5e03\u4ec0\u7684\u524d\u6f14\u8bb2\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\u4e54\u4ec0\u00b7\u7279\u96f7\u7ef4\u5c3c\u5965\u3002[116][117] \u7279\u96f7\u7ef4\u5c3c\u5965\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u535a\u5ba2\u6587\u7ae0\u662f\u4e3a 2011 \u5e74 6 \u6708\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u6709\u5173\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8258jia1 sha1\u8239\u961f\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u63a8\u6587\u9053\u6b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e89\u8bae\u56e0\u8fd9\u9879\u4efb\u547d\u800c\u91cd\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\u3002[118]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Guardian US<\/em><\/a> launched in September 2011, led by editor-in-chief Janine Gibson<\/a>, which replaced the previous Guardian America<\/em> service.[119]<\/a> After a period during which Katharine Viner<\/a> served as the US editor-in-chief before taking charge of Guardian News and Media<\/em> as a whole, Viner’s former deputy, Lee Glendinning, was appointed to succeed her as head of the American operation at the beginning of June 2015.[120]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112011 \u5e74 9 \u6708\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7f8e\u56fd\u7248\u6b63\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7ebf\uff0c\u7531\u4e3b\u7f16\u73cd\u59ae\u00b7\u5409\u5e03\u68ee\uff08Janine Gibson\uff09\u638c\u8235\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u7f8e\u56fd\u7248\u300b\u3002[119] \u51ef\u745f\u7433\u00b7\u7ef4\u7eb3\u66fe\u62c5\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u7248\u4e3b\u7f16\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u63a5\u7ba1\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u65b0\u95fb\u4f20\u5a92\u300b\u90e8\u95e8\u3002 2015 \u5e74 6 \u6708\u521d\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u7684\u524d\u526f\u624b\u674e\u00b7\u683c\u4f26\u4e01\u5b81\uff08Lee Glendinning\uff09\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u63a5\u66ff\u5979\u62c5\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u7248\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u3002[120]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3.4 \u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u62a5\u9053\u8bae\u4f1a | Gagged from reporting Parliament<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

In October 2009, The Guardian<\/em> reported that it was forbidden to report on a parliamentary matter \u2013 a question recorded in a Commons order paper, to be answered by a minister later that week.[121]<\/a> The newspaper noted that it was being “forbidden from telling its readers why the paper is prevented\u2014for the first time in memory\u2014from reporting parliament. Legal obstacles, which cannot be identified, involve proceedings, which cannot be mentioned, on behalf of a client who must remain secret. The only fact The Guardian<\/em> can report is that the case involves the London solicitors Carter-Ruck<\/a>.” The paper further claimed that this case appears “to call into question privileges guaranteeing free speech established under the 1689 Bill of Rights<\/a>“.[122]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112009\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u62a5\u9053\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u62a5\u9053\u4e00\u4ef6\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u9879\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u4e0b\u8bae\u9662\u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u5c06\u5728\u5f53\u5468\u665a\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u7531\u4e00\u540d\u90e8\u957f\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u7eb8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u201c\u7981\u6b62\u544a\u77e5\u8bfb\u8005\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u62a5\u7eb8\u9996\u6b21\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\uff08\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\uff09\u62a5\u9053\u56fd\u4f1a\u201d\u3002\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u969c\u788d\u6d89\u53ca\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u5bc6\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u3002\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4ef6\u6d89\u53ca\u4f26\u6566\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240Carter-Ruck\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u6b64\u6848\u4f3c\u4e4e\u201c\u8d28\u7591\u4e86\u57281689\u5e74\u6743\u5229\u6cd5\u6848\u4e0b\u786e\u7acb\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u7279\u6743\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only parliamentary question mentioning Carter-Ruck in the relevant period was by Paul Farrelly<\/a> MP, in reference to legal action by Barclays<\/a> and Trafigura<\/a>.[123]<\/a>[124]<\/a> The part of the question referencing Carter-Ruck relates to the latter company’s September 2009 gagging order on the publication of a 2006 internal report[125]<\/a> into the 2006 C\u00f4te d’Ivoire toxic waste dump<\/a> scandal, which involved a class action<\/a> case that the company only settled in September 2009 after The Guardian<\/em> published some of the commodity trader’s internal emails.[126]<\/a> The reporting injunction was lifted the next day, as Carter-Ruck withdrew it before The Guardian<\/em> could challenge it in the High Court.[127]<\/a> Alan Rusbridger<\/a> attributed the rapid back-down by Carter-Ruck to postings on Twitter<\/a>,[128]<\/a> as did a BBC News Online<\/a> article.[129]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5728\u76f8\u5173\u65f6\u671f\u5185\u552f\u4e00\u63d0\u5230Carter-Ruck\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8bae\u5458\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u6cd5\u96f7\u5229\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5df4\u514b\u83b1\u94f6\u884c\u548c\u6258\u514b\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230Carter-Ruck\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4e0e\u540e\u8005\u516c\u53f8\u57282009\u5e749\u6708\u4e0b\u8fbe\u7684\u5c01\u53e3\u4ee4\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u5c01\u53e3\u4ee4\u7981\u6b62\u516c\u5e03\u4e00\u4efd2006\u5e74\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u6d89\u53ca2006\u5e74\u79d1\u7279\u8fea\u74e6\u6709\u6bd2\u5e9f\u7269\u503e\u5012\u4e11\u95fb\u3002\u8be5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u8d77\u96c6\u4f53\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u4ec5\u57282009\u5e749\u6708\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u516c\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5546\u54c1\u4ea4\u6613\u5546\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u90ae\u4ef6\u540e\u624d\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u6b64\u6848\u3002\u62a5\u9053\u7981\u4ee4\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u88ab\u89e3\u9664\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aCarter-Ruck\u5728\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u80fd\u591f\u5411\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u63d0\u51fa\u6311\u6218\u4e4b\u524d\u64a4\u56de\u4e86\u7981\u4ee4\u3002\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u62c9\u65af\u5e03\u91cc\u5947\u5c06Carter-Ruck\u8fc5\u901f\u8ba9\u6b65\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8eTwitter\u4e0a\u7684\u5e16\u5b50\uff0cBBC\u65b0\u95fb\u5728\u7ebf\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e5f\u6301\u76f8\u540c\u770b\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3.5 \u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u65af\u8bfa\u767b\u6cc4\u5bc6\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884 | Edward Snowden leaks and intervention by the UK government<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

In June 2013, the newspaper broke news of the secret collection of Verizon<\/a> telephone records held by Barack Obama<\/a>‘s administration[22]<\/a>[130]<\/a> and subsequently revealed the existence of the PRISM surveillance program<\/a> after it was leaked to the paper by former NSA<\/a> contractor Edward Snowden<\/a>.[23]<\/a> The Guardian<\/em> said a DSMA-Notice<\/a> had been sent to editors and journalists on 7 June after the first Guardian<\/em> story about the Snowden documents. It said the DSMA-Notice was being used as an “attempt to censor coverage of surveillance tactics employed by intelligence agencies in the UK and US”.[131]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112013\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u7eb8\u62ab\u9732\u4e86\u5df4\u62c9\u514b\u00b7\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u653f\u5e9c\u79d8\u5bc6\u6536\u96c6\u7684Verizon\u7535\u8bdd\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u6d88\u606f[22][130]\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5728\u524d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u5c40\uff08NSA\uff09\u627f\u5305\u5546\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u65af\u8bfa\u767b\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u6cc4\u9732\u7ed9\u8be5\u62a5\u540e\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u68f1\u955c\uff08PRISM\uff09\u76d1\u89c6\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u79f0\uff0c\u57286\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u5373\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u5173\u4e8e\u65af\u8bfa\u767b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u62a5\u9053\u540e\uff0c\u5411\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u8bb0\u8005\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\u4e00\u4efdDSMA-Notice\uff08\u56fd\u9632\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u4f20\u5a92\u534f\u8bae\u901a\u77e5\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u8bf4\uff0cDSMA-Notice\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u201c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5ba1\u67e5\u5173\u4e8e\u82f1\u7f8e\u60c5\u62a5\u673a\u6784\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u76d1\u89c6\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The newspaper was subsequently contacted by the British government’s Cabinet Secretary, Sir Jeremy Heywood<\/a>, under instruction from Prime Minister David Cameron and Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg<\/a>, who ordered that the hard drives containing the information be destroyed.[132]<\/a> The Guardian<\/em>‘s offices were then visited in July by agents from the UK’s GCHQ<\/a>, who supervised the destruction of the hard drives containing information acquired from Snowden.[133]<\/a> The Guardian<\/em> said it had destroyed the hard drives to avoid threatened legal action by the UK government that could have stopped it from reporting on US and British government surveillance contained in the documents.[134]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u7eb8\u63a5\u5230\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u5185\u9601\u79d8\u4e66\u6770\u745e\u7c73\u00b7\u6d77\u4f0d\u5fb7\u7235\u58eb\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u6839\u636e\u9996\u76f8\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7\u5361\u6885\u4f26\u548c\u526f\u9996\u76f8\u5c3c\u514b\u00b7\u514b\u83b1\u683c\u7684\u6307\u793a\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u9500\u6bc1\u542b\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u786c\u76d8\u30022013\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u8fce\u6765\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u8baf\u603b\u90e8\uff08GCHQ\uff09\u7684\u7279\u5de5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u76d1\u7763\u4e86\u5305\u542b\u4ece\u65af\u8bfa\u767b\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u9500\u6bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5b83\u9500\u6bc1\u786c\u76d8\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u80fd\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u963b\u6b62\u5176\u62a5\u9053\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u76d1\u89c6\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In June 2014, The Register<\/a><\/em> reported that the information the government sought to suppress by destroying the hard drives related to the location of a “beyond top secret” internet monitoring base in Seeb<\/a>, Oman, and the close involvement of BT<\/a> and Cable & Wireless<\/a> in intercepting internet communications.[135]<\/a> Julian Assange<\/a> criticised the newspaper for not publishing the entirety of the content when it had the chance.[136]<\/a> Rusbridger had initially covered the Snowden documents without the government’s supervision, but subsequently sought it, and established an ongoing relationship with the Defence Ministry<\/a>. The Guardian<\/em> coverage of Snowden later continued because the information had already been copied outside the United Kingdom, earning the company’s US website, The Guardian US<\/a>,<\/em> an American Pulitzer Prize for Public Service<\/a> in 2014.[137]<\/a> Rusbridger and subsequent chief editors would sit on the government’s DSMA-notice<\/a> board.[138]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112014\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u300a\u6ce8\u518c\u62a5\u300b\u62a5\u9053\u8bf4\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u9500\u6bc1\u786c\u76d8\u6765\u538b\u5236\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u4f4d\u4e8e\u963f\u66fc\u585e\u5e03\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u7edd\u5bc6\u4ee5\u4e0a\u201d\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u76d1\u63a7\u57fa\u5730\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caBT\u548cCable & Wireless\u5728\u62e6\u622a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u53c2\u4e0e\u6709\u5173\u3002\u6731\u5229\u5b89\u00b7\u963f\u6851\u5947\u6279\u8bc4\u8be5\u62a5\u7eb8\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u516c\u5e03\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u62c9\u65af\u5e03\u91cc\u5947\u6700\u521d\u662f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u653f\u5e9c\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u62a5\u9053\u65af\u8bfa\u767b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u590d\u5236\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u5883\u5916\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5bf9\u65af\u8bfa\u767b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u5f97\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u7f51\u7ad9\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u7f8e\u56fd\u7248\u300b\u56e0\u6b64\u83b7\u5f97\u4e862014\u5e74\u7684\u666e\u5229\u7b56\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u5956\u3002\u62c9\u65af\u5e03\u91cc\u5947\u53ca\u5176\u7ee7\u4efb\u7684\u4e3b\u7f16\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u653f\u5e9cDSMA-Notice\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3.6 \u5bf9\u5f85\u6731\u5229\u5b89\u00b7\u963f\u6851\u5947 | Treatment of Julian Assange<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

The Guardian<\/em> published the US diplomatic cables files<\/a> and the Guantanamo Bay files<\/a> in collaboration with Julian Assange<\/a> and WikiLeaks<\/a>.[139]<\/a> When some of the diplomatic cables were made available online in unredacted form, WikiLeaks blamed Guardian<\/em> journalists David Leigh<\/a> and Luke Harding<\/a> for publishing the encryption key to the files in their book WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange’s War on Secrecy<\/a><\/em>.[140]<\/a> The Guardian<\/em> blamed Assange for the release of the unredacted cables.[141]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u4e0e\u6731\u5229\u5b89\u00b7\u963f\u6851\u5947\u548c\u7ef4\u57fa\u89e3\u5bc6\u5408\u4f5c\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u7535\u6587\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5173\u5854\u90a3\u6469\u6e7e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5f53\u90e8\u5206\u672a\u7ecf\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u7535\u6587\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u516c\u5f00\u65f6\uff0c\u7ef4\u57fa\u89e3\u5bc6\u6307\u8d23\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u8bb0\u8005\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u5229\u548c\u5362\u514b\u00b7\u54c8\u4e01\u5728\u5176\u4e66\u300a\u7ef4\u57fa\u89e3\u5bc6\uff1a\u6731\u5229\u5b89\u00b7\u963f\u6851\u5947\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u6218\u4e89\u300b\u4e2d\u516c\u5e03\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u5bc6\u94a5\u3002\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5219\u5c06\u672a\u7ecf\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u7535\u6587\u53d1\u5e03\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u963f\u6851\u5947\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Journalist Glenn Greenwald<\/a>, a former contributor to The Guardian<\/em>, accused The Guardian<\/em> of publishing false claims about Assange in a report about an interview Assange gave to Italian newspaper La Repubblica<\/a><\/em>. The Guardian<\/em> article had claimed that Assange had praised Donald Trump<\/a> and criticised Hillary Clinton<\/a> and also alleged that Assange had “long had a close relationship with the Putin regime”. Greenwald wrote: “This article is about how those [Guardian<\/em>‘s] false claims\u2014fabrications, really\u2014were spread all over the internet by journalists, causing hundreds of thousands of people (if not millions) to consume false news”.[142]<\/a> The Guardian<\/em> later amended its article about Assange to remove the claim about his connection to the Russian government.[143]<\/a> While Assange was in the Ecuadorian embassy, The Guardian<\/em> published a number of articles pushing the narrative that there was a link between Assange and the Russian government.[139]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8bb0\u8005\u683c\u4f26\u00b7\u683c\u6797\u6c83\u5c14\u5fb7\u66fe\u662f\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u8d23\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u963f\u6851\u5947\u63a5\u53d7\u610f\u5927\u5229\u62a5\u7eb8\u300aLa Repubblica\u300b\u91c7\u8bbf\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u4e2d\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u963f\u6851\u5947\u7684\u865a\u5047\u58f0\u660e\u3002\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u58f0\u79f0\u963f\u6851\u5947\u8d5e\u626c\u4e86\u5510\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u7279\u6717\u666e\u5e76\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u5e0c\u62c9\u91cc\u00b7\u514b\u6797\u987f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u58f0\u79f0\u963f\u6851\u5947\u201c\u957f\u671f\u4e0e\u666e\u4eac\u653f\u6743\u4fdd\u6301\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002\u683c\u6797\u6c83\u5c14\u5fb7\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u865a\u5047\u58f0\u660e\u2014\u2014\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u634f\u9020\u7684\u2014\u2014\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u8bb0\u8005\u4eec\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u5341\u4e07\u751a\u81f3\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u6d88\u8d39\u4e86\u5047\u65b0\u95fb\u3002\u201d\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u540e\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u963f\u6851\u5947\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4e0e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u5f53\u963f\u6851\u5947\u5728\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u65f6\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u963f\u6851\u5947\u4e0e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a November 2018 Guardian<\/em> article, Luke Harding<\/a> and Dan Collyns cited anonymous sources which stated that Donald Trump<\/a>‘s former campaign manager Paul Manafort<\/a> held secret meetings with WikiLeaks<\/a> founder Julian Assange<\/a> inside the Ecuadorian embassy in London in 2013, 2015, and 2016.[144]<\/a> The name of a third author, Fernando Villavicencio<\/a>, was removed from the online version of the story soon after publication. The title of the story was originally ‘Manafort held secret talks with Assange in Ecuadorian embassy’. A few hours after publication, ‘sources say’ was added to the title, and the meeting became an ‘apparent meeting’.[145]<\/a> One reporter characterised the story, “If it’s right, it might be the biggest get this year. If it’s wrong, it might be the biggest gaffe.” Manafort and Assange both said they had never met, with the latter threatening legal action against The Guardian<\/em>.[146]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u57282018\u5e7411\u6708\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5362\u514b\u00b7\u54c8\u4e01\u548c\u4e39\u00b7\u67ef\u6797\u65af\u63f4\u5f15\u533f\u540d\u6d88\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u79f0\uff0c\u5510\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u7279\u6717\u666e\u7684\u524d\u7ade\u9009\u7ecf\u7406\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u9a6c\u7eb3\u798f\u7279\u57282013\u5e74\u30012015\u5e74\u548c2016\u5e74\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u5185\u4e0e\u7ef4\u57fa\u89e3\u5bc6\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u6731\u5229\u5b89\u00b7\u963f\u6851\u5947\u79d8\u5bc6\u4f1a\u9762\u3002\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u5728\u7ebf\u7248\u672c\u53d1\u5e03\u4e0d\u4e45\u540e\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u8d39\u5c14\u5357\u591a\u00b7\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7ef4\u68ee\u897f\u5965\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u539f\u6807\u9898\u662f\u201c\u9a6c\u7eb3\u798f\u7279\u5728\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u4e0e\u963f\u6851\u5947\u4e3e\u884c\u79d8\u5bc6\u4f1a\u8c08\u201d\u3002\u5728\u53d1\u5e03\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u540e\uff0c\u6807\u9898\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u201c\u6d88\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u79f0\u201d\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bae\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u201d\u3002\u9a6c\u7eb3\u798f\u7279\u548c\u963f\u6851\u5947\u4e24\u4eba\u90fd\u8868\u793a\u4ece\u672a\u89c1\u8fc7\u9762\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5a01\u80c1\u8981\u5bf9\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u91c7\u53d6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecuador’s London consul Fidel Narv\u00e1ez, who had worked at Ecuador’s embassy in London<\/a> from 2010 to July 2018, said that Manafort had not visited Assange.[145]<\/a> Serge Halimi<\/a> said Harding had a personal grievance against Assange and noted that Manafort’s name does not appear in the Ecuadorian embassy’s visitors’ book and there were no pictures of Manafort entering or leaving “one of the most surveilled and filmed buildings on the planet”.[145]<\/a> The Guardian<\/em> has neither retracted nor apologised for the story about the meeting. Stella Moris, Assange’s wife, said The Guardian<\/em> failed in its responsibility to Assange and its “negligence has created such a problem that if Julian dies or is extradited, that will forever blot the reputation of the Guardian<\/em>“.[139]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u66fe\u57282010\u5e74\u81f32018\u5e747\u6708\u671f\u95f4\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4f26\u6566\u9886\u4e8b\u83f2\u5fb7\u5c14\u00b7\u7eb3\u5c14\u74e6\u57c3\u65af\u8bf4\uff0c\u9a6c\u7eb3\u798f\u7279\u5e76\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u963f\u6851\u5947\u3002\u585e\u5c14\u65e5\u00b7\u54c8\u5229\u7c73\u8bf4\u54c8\u4e01\u5bf9\u963f\u6851\u5947\u6709\u4e2a\u4eba\u6028\u6068\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u9a6c\u7eb3\u798f\u7279\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u7684\u8bbf\u5ba2\u767b\u8bb0\u7c3f\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u9a6c\u7eb3\u798f\u7279\u8fdb\u51fa\u201c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u88ab\u76d1\u89c6\u548c\u62cd\u6444\u6700\u591a\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\u201d\u7684\u7167\u7247\u3002\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u64a4\u56de\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e3a\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u9762\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u9053\u6b49\u3002\u963f\u6851\u5947\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u00b7\u83ab\u91cc\u65af\u8bf4\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u672a\u80fd\u5c65\u884c\u5bf9\u963f\u6851\u5947\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u201c\u5176\u758f\u5ffd\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6731\u5229\u5b89\u6b7b\u4e86\u6216\u88ab\u5f15\u6e21\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u6c38\u8fdc\u73b7\u6c61\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3.7 \u666e\u4e3d\u8482\u00b7\u5e15\u7279\u5c14\u6f2b\u753b | Priti Patel cartoon<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

The Guardian<\/em> was accused of being “racist and misogynistic” after it published a cartoon depicting Home Secretary<\/a>, Priti Patel<\/a> as a cow with a ring in its nose in an alleged reference to her Hindu<\/a> faith, since cows are considered sacred in Hinduism<\/a>.[147]<\/a>[148]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u520a\u767b\u4e86\u4e00\u5e45\u6f2b\u753b\uff0c\u5c06\u5185\u653f\u5927\u81e3\u666e\u4e3d\u8482\u00b7\u5e15\u7279\u5c14\u63cf\u7ed8\u6210\u4e00\u5934\u9f3b\u73af\u6234\u5728\u725b\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u636e\u79f0\u6b64\u4e3e\u6697\u6307\u5979\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u725b\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4e2d\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u795e\u5723\u4e4b\u7269\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u6307\u8d23\u4e3a\u201c\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u538c\u5973\u201d\u3002[147][148]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3.8 \u6d89\u5acc WhatsApp \u540e\u95e8 | Alleged WhatsApp backdoor<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

After publishing a story on 13 January 2017 claiming that WhatsApp<\/a> had a “backdoor [that] allows snooping on messages”, more than 70 professional cryptographers signed on to an open letter calling for The Guardian<\/em> to retract the article.[149]<\/a>[150]<\/a> On 13 June 2017, readers’ editor Paul Chadwick released an article detailing the flawed reporting in the original January article, which was amended to remove references to a backdoor.[151]<\/a>[152]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112017 \u5e74 1 \u6708 13 \u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u62a5\u9053\u79f0 WhatsApp \u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u540e\u95e8\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7aa5\u63a2\u6d88\u606f\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c70 \u591a\u540d\u4e13\u4e1a\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u5bb6\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u4e00\u5c01\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\uff0c\u547c\u5401\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u64a4\u56de\u8be5\u6587\u7ae0\u3002[149][150] 2017 \u5e74 6 \u6708 13 \u65e5\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u7f16\u8f91\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u67e5\u5fb7\u5a01\u514b (Paul Chadwick) \u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8be6\u8ff0\u4e86 1 \u6708\u4efd\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u7ae0\u5df2\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u5bf9\u540e\u95e8\u7684\u63d0\u53ca\u3002[151][152]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3.9 \u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u7248 | Spanish-language edition<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

In January 2021, The Guardian<\/em> began publishing in the Spanish language<\/a> under the La Lista<\/em> newspaper.[153]<\/a> \u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112021 \u5e74 1 \u6708\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5f00\u59cb\u4ee5\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u5728 La Lista \u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0b\u51fa\u7248\u3002[153]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3.10 \u82cf\u57c3\u62c9\u00b7\u5e03\u96f7\u5f17\u66fc\u8bc4\u8bba | Suella Braverman comments<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

In October 2022, Suella Braverman<\/a> speaking in Parliament blamed “Guardian-reading, tofu-eating<\/a> wokerati<\/a>” for disruptive Just Stop Oil<\/a> protests.[154]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112022 \u5e74 10 \u6708\uff0c\u82cf\u57c3\u62c9\u00b7\u5e03\u96f7\u5f17\u66fc (Suella Braverman) \u5728\u8bae\u4f1a\u53d1\u8868\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u8bfb\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u3001\u5403\u8c46\u8150\u7684\u5de5\u4ebajie1 ji2\u201d\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u7834\u574f\u201c\u505c\u6b62\u77f3\u6cb9\u201d\u6297\u8bae\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u3002[154]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3.11 2022 \u7f51\u7edc\u653b\u51fb | 2022 Cyber attack<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

In December 2022 it was reported that The Guardian<\/em> had suffered a significant cyber-attack on its office systems, thought to be ransomware.[155]<\/a>[156]<\/a> Staff were directed to work from home and were able to continue publishing to the website despite the loss of some internal systems.[157]<\/a> The print edition also continued to be produced. On 4 January 2023, UK staff were informed of a security breach and that the Information Commissioner’s Office<\/a> had been notified, as required by GDPR. It was indicated that staff would continue working from home until at least 23 January.[158]<\/a> The newspaper confirmed on 11 January that personal details of all UK staff had been accessed by criminals.[159]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c2022\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u529e\u516c\u7cfb\u7edf\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u636e\u4fe1\u662f\u52d2\u7d22\u8f6f\u4ef6\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u5458\u5de5\u88ab\u6307\u793a\u5728\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5185\u90e8\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ecd\u80fd\u591f\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u53d1\u5e03\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5370\u5237\u7248\u4e5f\u7ee7\u7eed\u51fa\u7248\u30022023\u5e741\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5458\u5de5\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6309\u7167GDPR\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5df2\u7ecf\u901a\u77e5\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u4e13\u5458\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u3002\u636e\u544a\u77e5\uff0c\u5458\u5de5\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\u76f4\u5230\u81f3\u5c111\u670823\u65e5\u30021\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u786e\u8ba4\u6240\u6709\u82f1\u56fd\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u5df2\u88abfan4 zui4\u5206\u5b50\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3.12 \u585e\u6d66\u8def\u65af\u673a\u5bc6 | Cyprus Confidential<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Main article: <\/em>Cyprus Confidential<\/em><\/a>\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u585e\u6d66\u8def\u65af\u673a\u5bc6\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In November 2023, the Guardian<\/em> joined with the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists<\/a>, Paper Trail Media<\/a> [de<\/a>] and 69 media partners including Distributed Denial of Secrets<\/a> and the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project<\/a> (OCCRP) and more than 270 journalists in 55 countries and territories[160]<\/a>[161]<\/a> to produce the ‘Cyprus Confidential<\/a>‘ report on the financial network which supports the regime of Vladimir Putin<\/a>, mostly with connections to Cyprus, and showed Cyprus to have strong links with high-up figures in the Kremlin, some of whom have been sanctioned.[162]<\/a>[163]<\/a> Government officials including Cyprus president Nikos Christodoulides<\/a>[164]<\/a> and European lawmakers[165]<\/a> began responding to the investigation’s findings in less than 24 hours,[164]<\/a> calling for reforms and launching probes.[166]<\/a>[167]<\/a>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112023\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u8c03\u67e5\u8bb0\u8005\u8054\u76df\uff08ICIJ\uff09\u3001Paper Trail Media\u53ca\u5305\u62ecDistributed Denial of Secrets\u548c\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u72af\u7f6a\u4e0e\u8150\u8d25\u62a5\u9053\u9879\u76ee\uff08OCCRP\uff09\u5728\u5185\u768469\u4e2a\u5a92\u4f53\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6765\u81ea55\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u8d85\u8fc7270\u540d\u8bb0\u8005\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5236\u4f5c\u4e86\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u585e\u6d66\u8def\u65af\u673a\u5bc6\u201d\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u544a\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u652f\u6301\u5f17\u62c9\u57fa\u7c73\u5c14\u00b7\u666e\u4eac\u653f\u6743\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u8be5\u7f51\u7edc\u4e3b\u8981\u4e0e\u585e\u6d66\u8def\u65af\u6709\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u585e\u6d66\u8def\u65af\u4e0e\u514b\u91cc\u59c6\u6797\u5bab\u9ad8\u5c42\u4eba\u7269\u6709\u7740\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5236\u88c1\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u585e\u6d66\u8def\u65af\u603b\u7edf\u5c3c\u79d1\u65af\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u675c\u5229\u5fb7\u65af\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u8bae\u5458\u5728\u5185\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u5728\u4e0d\u523024\u5c0f\u65f6\u5185\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u8c03\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c\u4f5c\u51fa\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u547c\u5401\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u9769\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u8c03\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u80a1\u6743\u548c\u8d22\u52a1 | Ownership and finances<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The Guardian<\/em> is part of the Guardian Media Group<\/a> (GMG) of newspapers, radio stations and print media. GMG components include The Observer<\/a><\/em>, The Guardian Weekly<\/a><\/em> and TheGuardian.com<\/a><\/em>. All were owned by The Scott Trust<\/a>, a charitable foundation existing between 1936 and 2008, which aimed to ensure the paper’s editorial independence<\/a> in perpetuity, maintaining its financial health to ensure it did not become vulnerable to takeovers by commercial media groups. At the beginning of October 2008, the Scott Trust’s assets were transferred to a new limited company, The Scott Trust Limited, with the intention being that the original trust would be wound up.[168]<\/a><\/sup> Dame Liz Forgan<\/a>, chair of the Scott Trust, reassured staff that the purposes of the new company remained the same as under the previous arrangements.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u662f\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5a92\u4f53\u96c6\u56e2\uff08GMG\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8be5\u96c6\u56e2\u65d7\u4e0b\u5305\u62ec\u62a5\u7eb8\u3001\u5e7f\u64ad\u7535\u53f0\u548c\u5370\u5237\u5a92\u4f53\u3002GMG\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u62a5\u300b\u3001\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u5468\u520a\u300b\u548cTheGuardian.com\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5148\u7531\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u4fe1\u6258\u62e5\u6709\uff0c\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u4fe1\u6258\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece1936\u5e74\u52302008\u5e74\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6148\u5584\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u62a5\u7eb8\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u6c38\u7eed\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u5e76\u7ef4\u6301\u5176\u8d22\u52a1\u5065\u5eb7\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u88ab\u5546\u4e1a\u5a92\u4f53\u96c6\u56e2\u6536\u8d2d\u30022008\u5e7410\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u4fe1\u6258\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u88ab\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u2014\u2014\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u4fe1\u6258\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u539f\u4fe1\u6258\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u88ab\u8ba1\u5212\u89e3\u6563\u3002\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u4fe1\u6258\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4e3d\u5179\u00b7\u798f\u5c14\u6839\u5973\u7235\u58eb\u5411\u5458\u5de5\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u65b0\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\u56fe2-1\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Guardian<\/em> is the only British national daily to conduct (since 2003) an annual social, ethical and environmental audit<\/a> in which it examines, under the scrutiny of an independent external auditor, its own behaviour as a company.[169]<\/a><\/sup> It is also the only British national daily newspaper to employ an internal ombudsman (called the “readers’ editor”) to handle complaints and corrections.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u5bb6\u82f1\u56fd\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u65e5\u62a5\uff0c\u81ea2003\u5e74\u8d77\u6bcf\u5e74\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u548c\u73af\u5883\u5ba1\u8ba1\uff0c\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u5916\u90e8\u5ba1\u8ba1\u5458\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u4e0b\u5ba1\u67e5\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u5bb6\u96c7\u7528\u5185\u90e8\u76d1\u5bdf\u5458\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8bfb\u8005\u7f16\u8f91\u201d\uff09\u6765\u5904\u7406\u6295\u8bc9\u548c\u66f4\u6b63\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u65e5\u62a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Guardian<\/em> and its parent groups participate in Project Syndicate<\/a> and intervened in 1995 to save the Mail & Guardian<\/a><\/em> in South Africa; GMG sold the majority of its shares of the Mail & Guardian<\/em> in 2002.[170]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u536b\u62a5\u53ca\u5176\u6bcd\u516c\u53f8\u96c6\u56e2\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86 Project Syndicate\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e 1995 \u5e74\u4ecb\u5165\u62ef\u6551\u4e86\u5357\u975e\u7684\u90ae\u653f\u536b\u62a5\uff1bGMG \u4e8e 2002 \u5e74\u51fa\u552e\u4e86\u5176\u6240\u6301\u6709\u7684\u90ae\u653f\u536b\u62a5\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u200b\u200b\u80a1\u4efd\u3002[170]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Guardian<\/em> was consistently loss-making until 2019.[171]<\/a><\/sup> The National Newspaper division of GMG, which also includes The Observer<\/em>, reported operating losses of \u00a349.9 million in 2006, up from \u00a318.6 million in 2005.[172]<\/a><\/sup> The paper was therefore heavily dependent on cross-subsidisation from profitable companies within the group.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u4e8e\u4e8f\u635f\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u76f4\u5230 2019 \u5e74\u3002[171] GMG \u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u62a5\u7eb8\u90e8\u95e8\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u62a5\u300b\uff09\u62a5\u544a\u79f0\uff0c2006 \u5e74\u7684\u8fd0\u8425\u4e8f\u635f\u4e3a 4990 \u4e07\u82f1\u9551\uff0c\u9ad8\u4e8e 2005 \u5e74\u7684 1860 \u4e07\u82f1\u9551\u3002[172] \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u4e25\u91cd\u4f9d\u8d56\u96c6\u56e2\u5185\u76c8\u5229\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u8865\u8d34\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The continual losses made by the National Newspaper division of the Guardian Media Group<\/em> caused it to dispose of its Regional Media division by selling titles to competitor Trinity Mirror<\/a><\/em> in March 2010. This included the flagship Manchester Evening News<\/a><\/em>, and severed the historic link between that paper and The Guardian<\/em>. The sale was in order to safeguard the future of The Guardian<\/em> newspaper as is the intended purpose of the Scott Trust.[173]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u536b\u62a5\u4f20\u5a92\u96c6\u56e2\u5168\u56fd\u62a5\u7eb8\u90e8\u95e8\u6301\u7eed\u4e8f\u635f\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u4e8e 2010 \u5e74 3 \u6708\u5c06\u5730\u533a\u5a92\u4f53\u90e8\u95e8\u51fa\u552e\u7ed9\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u4e09\u4e00\u955c\u62a5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u65d7\u8230\u62a5\u7eb8\u300a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u665a\u62a5\u300b\uff0c\u5e76\u5207\u65ad\u4e86\u8be5\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0e\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u6b64\u6b21\u51fa\u552e\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u969c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u4fe1\u6258\u57fa\u91d1\u7684\u521d\u8877\u3002[173]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In June 2011 Guardian News and Media<\/em> revealed increased annual losses of \u00a333 million and announced that it was looking to focus on its online edition for news coverage, leaving the print edition to contain more comments and features. It was also speculated that The Guardian<\/em> might become the first British national daily paper to be fully online.[174]<\/a>[175]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112011 \u5e74 6 \u6708\uff0c\u536b\u62a5\u65b0\u95fb\u4f20\u5a92\u96c6\u56e2\u516c\u5e03\u5e74\u5ea6\u4e8f\u635f\u589e\u52a0 3300 \u4e07\u82f1\u9551\uff0c\u5e76\u5ba3\u5e03\u5c06\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u5728\u7ebf\u7248\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u800c\u5370\u5237\u7248\u5c06\u5305\u542b\u66f4\u591a\u8bc4\u8bba\u548c\u4e13\u9898\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u731c\u6d4b\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5bb6\u5b8c\u5168\u5728\u7ebf\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u65e5\u62a5\u3002[174][175]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the three years up to June 2012, the paper lost \u00a3100,000 a day, which prompted Intelligent Life<\/em> to question whether The Guardian<\/em> could survive.[176]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u622a\u81f3 2012 \u5e74 6 \u6708\u7684\u4e09\u5e74\u5185\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u6bcf\u5929\u4e8f\u635f 10 \u4e07\u82f1\u9551\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u300a\u667a\u80fd\u751f\u6d3b\u300b\u8d28\u7591\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u5b58\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002[176]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2007 and 2014 The Guardian Media Group<\/em> sold all their side businesses, of regional papers and online portals for classifieds, and consolidated into The Guardian<\/em> as sole product. The sales let them acquire a capital stock of \u00a3838.3 million as of July 2014, supposed to guarantee the independence of the Guardian<\/em> in perpetuity. In the first year, the paper made more losses than predicted, and in January 2016 the publishers announced that The Guardian<\/em> would cut 20 per cent of staff and costs within the next three years.[177]<\/a><\/sup> The newspaper is rare in calling for direct contributions “to deliver the independent journalism the world needs.”[178]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u57282007\u5e74\u81f32014\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5a92\u4f53\u96c6\u56e2\u51fa\u552e\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u62a5\u7eb8\u548c\u5206\u7c7b\u5e7f\u544a\u5728\u7ebf\u95e8\u6237\u7b49\u9644\u5c5e\u4e1a\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u96c6\u4e2d\u529b\u91cf\u53d1\u5c55\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fa\u552e\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u622a\u81f32014\u5e747\u6708\u83b7\u5f97\u4e868.383\u4ebf\u82f1\u9551\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u50a8\u5907\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u6c38\u4e45\u4fdd\u8bc1\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u7eb8\u7684\u4e8f\u635f\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u57282016\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u5ba3\u5e03\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5c06\u5728\u672a\u6765\u4e09\u5e74\u5185\u524a\u51cf20%\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u548c\u6210\u672c\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u7f55\u89c1\u5730\u547c\u5401\u76f4\u63a5\u6350\u6b3e\uff0c\u201c\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u9053\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Guardian Media Group’s 2018 annual report (year ending 1 April 2018) indicated some significant changes occurring. Its digital (online) editions accounted for over 50% of group revenues by that time; the loss from news and media operations was \u00a318.6 million, 52% lower than during the prior year (2017: \u00a338.9 million). The Group had cut costs by \u00a319.1 million, partly by switching its print edition to the tabloid format. The Guardian Media Group’s owner, the Scott Trust Endowment Fund, reported that its value at the time was \u00a31.01 billion (2017: \u00a31.03 billion).[179]<\/a><\/sup> In the following financial report (for the year 2018\u20132019), the group reported a profit (EBITDA<\/a>) of \u00a30.8 million before exceptional items, thus breaking even in 2019.[180]<\/a>[181]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5a92\u4f53\u96c6\u56e22018\u5e74\u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u62a5\u544a\uff08\u622a\u81f32018\u5e744\u67081\u65e5\u7684\u8d22\u5e74\uff09\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5230\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u6570\u5b57\uff08\u5728\u7ebf\uff09\u7248\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u5360\u5230\u4e86\u96c6\u56e2\u6536\u5165\u768450%\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff1b\u65b0\u95fb\u548c\u5a92\u4f53\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u4e8f\u635f\u4e3a1860\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\uff0c\u6bd4\u524d\u4e00\u5e74\u4e0b\u964d\u4e8652%\uff082017\u5e74\uff1a3890\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u96c6\u56e2\u901a\u8fc7\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c1910\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5176\u5370\u5237\u7248\u6539\u4e3a\u5c0f\u62a5\u683c\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5a92\u4f53\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u4fe1\u6258\u57fa\u91d1\u62a5\u544a\u79f0\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a10.1\u4ebf\u82f1\u9551\uff082017\u5e74\uff1a10.3\u4ebf\u82f1\u9551\uff09\u3002\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u544a\uff082018-2019\u8d22\u5e74\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be5\u96c6\u56e2\u62a5\u544a\u5728\u6263\u9664\u7279\u6b8a\u9879\u76ee\u524d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e8680\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\u7684\u5229\u6da6\uff08\u606f\u7a0e\u6298\u65e7\u644a\u9500\u524d\u5229\u6da6\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u57282019\u5e74\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u6536\u652f\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To be sustainable, the annual subsidy must fall within the \u00a325\u00a0million of interest returned on the investments from the Scott Trust Endowment Fund.[182]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\uff0c\u5e74\u5ea6\u8865\u8d34\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u4fe1\u6258\u57fa\u91d1\u6295\u8d44\u56de\u62a5\u76842500\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\u5229\u606f\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 \u201c\u4f1a\u5458\u201d\u8ba2\u9605\u8ba1\u5212 | “Membership” subscription scheme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, The Guardian<\/em> launched a membership scheme.[183]<\/a><\/sup> The scheme aims to reduce the financial losses incurred by The Guardian<\/em> without introducing a paywall<\/a>, thus maintaining open access to the website. Website readers can pay a monthly subscription, with three tiers available.[184]<\/a><\/sup> As of 2018 this approach was considered successful, having brought more than 1 million subscriptions or donations, with the paper hoping to break even by April 2019.[185]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112014\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u4f1a\u5458\u8ba2\u9605\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u65e8\u5728\u51cf\u5c11\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u6240\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e0d\u5f15\u5165\u4ed8\u8d39\u5899\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u6301\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u7f51\u7ad9\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u652f\u4ed8\u6708\u5ea6\u8ba2\u9605\u8d39\uff0c\u5171\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u622a\u81f32018\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6210\u529f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc7100\u4e07\u7684\u8ba2\u9605\u6216\u6350\u8d60\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u62a5\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u57282019\u5e744\u6708\u5b9e\u73b0\u76c8\u4e8f\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.3 \u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u8d44\u52a9 | Foundation funding<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u56fe2-2\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

In 2016, the company established a U.S.-based philanthropic arm to raise money from individuals and organizations including think tanks and corporate foundations.[186]<\/a><\/sup> The grants are focused by the donors on particular issues. By the following year, the organization had raised $1\u00a0million from the likes of Pierre Omidyar<\/a>‘s Humanity United, the Skoll Foundation<\/a>, and the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation<\/a> to finance reporting on topics including modern-day slavery and climate change. The Guardian<\/em> has stated that it has secured $6\u00a0million “in multi-year funding commitments” thus far.[187]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112016\u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6148\u5584\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u667a\u5e93\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff09\u7b79\u96c6\u8d44\u91d1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6350\u8d60\u8d44\u91d1\u88ab\u6350\u8d60\u8005\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u3002\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ece\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u5965\u7c73\u8fea\u4e9a\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u9053\u56e2\u7ed3\u201d\uff08Humanity United\uff09\u3001\u65af\u514b\u5c14\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff08Skoll Foundation\uff09\u548c\u5eb7\u62c9\u5fb7\u00b7\u5e0c\u5c14\u987f\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff08Conrad N. Hilton Foundation\uff09\u7b49\u673a\u6784\u7b79\u96c6\u4e86100\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8d44\u52a9\u5305\u62ec\u73b0\u4ee3\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u548c\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u5728\u5185\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u622a\u81f3\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86600\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u201c\u591a\u5e74\u8d44\u91d1\u627f\u8bfa\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The new project developed from funding relationships which the paper already had with the Ford<\/a>, Rockefeller<\/a>, and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation<\/a>.[188]<\/a><\/sup> Gates had given the organization $5 million[189]<\/a><\/sup> for its Global Development webpage.[190]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u9879\u76ee\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0e\u798f\u7279\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u3001\u6d1b\u514b\u83f2\u52d2\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bd4\u5c14\u548c\u6885\u7433\u8fbe\u00b7\u76d6\u8328\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u5408\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\u800c\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3002\u76d6\u8328\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u66fe\u5411\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86500\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u5168\u7403\u53d1\u5c55\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As of March 2020, the journal claims to be “the first major global news organisation to institute an outright ban on taking money from companies that extract fossil fuels.”[191]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u622a\u81f32020\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u58f0\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u7981\u6b62\u63a5\u53d7\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u63d0\u53d6\u516c\u53f8\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5168\u7403\u65b0\u95fb\u673a\u6784\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u573a\u548c\u7f16\u8f91\u89c2\u70b9 | Political stance and editorial opinion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Founded by textile traders and merchants, in its early years The Guardian<\/em> had a reputation as “an organ of the middle class”,[192]<\/a><\/sup> or in the words of C. P. Scott’s son Ted, “a paper that will remain bourgeois to the last”.[193]<\/a><\/sup> Associated at first with the Little Circle<\/a> and hence with classical liberalism<\/a> as expressed by the Whigs<\/a> and later by the Liberal Party<\/a>, its political orientation underwent a decisive change after World War II<\/a>, leading to a gradual alignment with Labour<\/a> and the political left<\/a> in general.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7531\u7eba\u7ec7\u54c1\u8d38\u6613\u5546\u548c\u5546\u4eba\u521b\u7acb\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u65e9\u671f\u5c81\u6708\u91cc\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u7740\u201c\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5589\u820c\u201d\u7684\u540d\u58f0\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6b63\u5982C. P. Scott\u7684\u513f\u5b50Ted\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u575a\u6301\u5230\u6700\u540e\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8\u201d\u3002\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u4e0e\u5c0f\u5708\u5b50\uff08Little Circle\uff09\u6709\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u53ca\u8f89\u683c\u515a\u6240\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c2\u70b9\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u503e\u5411\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u8f6c\u5411\u652f\u6301\u5de5\u515a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5de6\u6d3e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Scott Trust<\/a><\/em> describes one of its “core purposes” to be “to secure the financial and editorial independence of the Guardian<\/em> in perpetuity: as a quality national newspaper without party affiliation; remaining faithful to its liberal tradition”.[6]<\/a>[194]<\/a><\/sup> The paper’s readership is generally on the mainstream left of British political opinion: a MORI<\/a> poll taken between April and June 2000 showed that 80 per cent of Guardian<\/em> readers were Labour Party voters;[13]<\/a><\/sup> according to another MORI poll taken in 2005, 48 per cent of Guardian<\/em> readers were Labour voters and 34 per cent Liberal Democrat<\/a> voters.[14]<\/a><\/sup> The term “Guardian<\/em> reader” can be used to imply a stereotype of liberal<\/a>, left-wing or “politically correct<\/a>” views.[15]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u4fe1\u6258\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5176\u201c\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u7684\u201d\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u201c\u6c38\u4e45\u4fdd\u969c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u548c\u7f16\u8f91\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4efd\u65e0\u515a\u6d3e\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u62a5\u7eb8\uff1b\u575a\u6301\u5176\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f20\u7edf\u201d\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u7fa4\u4e00\u822c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u5de6\u7ffc\uff1a\u4e00\u9879\u7531MORI\u57282000\u5e744\u6708\u81f36\u6708\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6c11\u8c03\u663e\u793a\uff0c80%\u7684\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u8bfb\u8005\u662f\u5de5\u515a\u7684\u9009\u6c11\uff1b\u6839\u636e2005\u5e74\u53e6\u4e00\u9879MORI\u7684\u6c11\u8c03\uff0c48%\u7684\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u8bfb\u8005\u662f\u5de5\u515a\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c34%\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u3002\u201c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u8bfb\u8005\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u672f\u8bed\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u6697\u793a\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u3001\u5de6\u7ffc\u6216\u2018\u653f\u6cbb\u6b63\u786e\u2019\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the paper is often considered to be “linked inextricably” to the Labour Party,[194]<\/a><\/sup> three of The Guardian<\/em>‘s four leader writers joined the more centrist Social Democratic Party<\/a> on its foundation in 1981. The paper was enthusiastic in its support for Tony Blair<\/a> in his successful bid to lead the Labour Party,[195]<\/a><\/sup> and to be elected Prime Minister.[196]<\/a><\/sup> On 19 January 2003, two months before the 2003 invasion of Iraq<\/a>, an Observer<\/em> Editorial said: “Military intervention in the Middle East holds many dangers. But if we want a lasting peace it may be the only option. … War with Iraq may yet not come, but, conscious of the potentially terrifying responsibility resting with the British Government, we find ourselves supporting the current commitment to a possible use of force.”[197]<\/a><\/sup> The Guardian<\/em>, however, opposed the war, along with the Daily Mirror<\/a><\/em> and The Independent<\/a><\/em>.[198]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5c3d\u7ba1\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5de5\u515a\u201c\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u201d[194]\uff0c\u4f46\u57281981\u5e74\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u6210\u7acb\u65f6\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u56db\u4f4d\u793e\u8bba\u4f5c\u8005\u4e2d\u6709\u4e09\u4f4d\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u95f4\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u5bf9\u6258\u5c3c\u00b7\u5e03\u83b1\u5c14\u6210\u529f\u7ade\u9009\u6210\u4e3a\u5de5\u515a\u9886\u8896[195]\u5e76\u5f53\u9009\u9996\u76f8\u8868\u793a\u4e86\u70ed\u60c5\u7684\u652f\u6301[196]\u30022003\u5e741\u670819\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u300a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u793e\u8bba\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u4e2d\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u5e72\u9884\u5305\u542b\u8bb8\u591a\u5371\u9669\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u548c\u5e73\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u2026\u2026\u4e0e\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u80a9\u8d1f\u7740\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u53ef\u6015\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u652f\u6301\u76ee\u524d\u5bf9\u53ef\u80fd\u52a8\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u201d[197]\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u6301\u76f8\u540c\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u300a\u6bcf\u65e5\u955c\u62a5\u300b\u548c\u300a\u72ec\u7acb\u62a5\u300b[198]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then Guardian<\/em> features editor Ian Katz asserted in 2004 that “it is no secret we are a centre-left newspaper”.[199]<\/a><\/sup> In 2008, Guardian<\/em> columnist Jackie Ashley<\/a> said that editorial contributors were a mix of “right-of-centre libertarians<\/a>, greens, Blairites, Brownites, Labourite but less enthusiastic Brownites, etc,” and that the newspaper was “clearly left of centre and vaguely progressive”. She also said that “you can be absolutely certain that come the next general election, The Guardian<\/em>‘s stance will not be dictated by the editor, still less any foreign proprietor (it helps that there isn’t one) but will be the result of vigorous debate within the paper”.[200]<\/a><\/sup> The paper’s comment and opinion pages, though often written by centre-left contributors such as Polly Toynbee<\/a>, have allowed some space for right-of-centre voices such as Sir Max Hastings<\/a> and Michael Gove<\/a>. Since an editorial in 2000, The Guardian<\/em> has favoured abolition of the British monarchy.[201]<\/a><\/sup> “I write for the Guardian<\/em>,” said Max Hastings in 2005,[202]<\/a><\/sup> “because it is read by the new establishment,” reflecting the paper’s then-growing influence.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7279\u5199\u7f16\u8f91\u4f0a\u6069\u00b7\u5361\u8328\u57282004\u5e74\u65f6\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u4e2d\u5de6\u7ffc\u62a5\u7eb8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u79d8\u5bc6\u201d[199]\u30022008\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u4e13\u680f\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6770\u57fa\u00b7\u963f\u4ec0\u5229\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u7684\u793e\u8bba\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df7\u5408\u4f53\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u504f\u53f3\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3001\u73af\u4fdd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3001\u5e03\u83b1\u5c14\u6d3e\u3001\u5e03\u6717\u6d3e\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u592a\u70ed\u60c5\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u515a\u5e03\u6717\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\u7b49\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u62a5\u201c\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e2d\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u6027\u201d\u3002\u5979\u8fd8\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0b\u6b21\u5927\u9009\u65f6\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7531\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u5916\u56fd\u6240\u6709\u8005\uff08\u5e78\u597d\u6ca1\u6709\uff09\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u62a5\u7eb8\u5185\u90e8\u6fc0\u70c8\u8fa9\u8bba\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u201d[200]\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8be5\u62a5\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u548c\u89c2\u70b9\u9875\u9762\u7ecf\u5e38\u7531\u50cf\u6ce2\u8389\u00b7\u6258\u56e0\u6bd4\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e2d\u5de6\u7ffc\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\u64b0\u5199\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u7ed9\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u504f\u53f3\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u5982\u9a6c\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u9ed1\u65af\u5ef7\u65af\u7235\u58eb\u548c\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u6208\u592b\u53d1\u8868\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u81ea\u4ece2000\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u793e\u8bba\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5c31\u652f\u6301\u5e9f\u9664\u82f1\u56fd\u541b\u4e3b\u5236[201]\u3002\u201c\u6211\u4e3a\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5199\u4f5c\uff0c\u201d\u9a6c\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u9ed1\u65af\u5ef7\u65af\u57282005\u5e74\u65f6\u8bf4\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4efd\u62a5\u7eb8\u662f\u7531\u65b0\u7684\u5efa\u5236\u6d3e\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\uff0c\u201d\u8fd9\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8be5\u62a5\u5f53\u65f6\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the run-up to the 2010 general election<\/a>, following a meeting of the editorial staff,[203]<\/a><\/sup> the paper declared its support for the Liberal Democrats, due in particular, to the party’s stance on electoral reform<\/a>. The paper suggested tactical voting<\/a> to prevent a Conservative victory, given Britain’s first-past-the-post<\/a> electoral system.[204]<\/a><\/sup> At the 2015 election<\/a>, the paper switched its support to the Labour Party<\/a>. The paper argued that Britain needed a new direction and Labour “speaks with more urgency than its rivals on social justice, standing up to predatory capitalism, on investment for growth, on reforming and strengthening the public realm, Britain’s place in Europe and international development”.[205]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u57282010\u5e74\u5927\u9009\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7f16\u8f91\u90e8\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba[203]\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u5ba3\u5e03\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8be5\u515a\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u6539\u9769\u4e0a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u62a5\u7eb8\u5efa\u8bae\u91c7\u53d6\u7b56\u7565\u6027\u6295\u7968\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u83b7\u80dc\uff0c\u9274\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u591a\u6570\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6[204]\u3002\u800c\u57282015\u5e74\u7684\u5927\u9009\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u8f6c\u800c\u652f\u6301\u5de5\u515a\u3002\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u5de5\u515a\u201c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u6b63\u4e49\u3001\u5bf9\u6297\u63a0\u593a\u6027\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6295\u8d44\u589e\u957f\u3001\u6539\u9769\u548c\u52a0\u5f3a\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u9886\u57df\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u9645\u53d1\u5c55\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u6bd4\u5176\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7d27\u8feb\u6027\u201d[205]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Assistant Editor Michael White, in discussing media self-censorship in March 2011, says: “I have always sensed liberal, middle class ill-ease in going after stories about immigration, legal or otherwise, about welfare fraud or the less attractive tribal habits of the working class, which is more easily ignored altogether. Toffs, including royal ones, Christians, especially popes, governments of Israel, and U.S. Republicans<\/a> are more straightforward targets.”[206]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u526f\u4e3b\u7f16\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u6000\u7279\u57282011\u5e743\u6708\u8ba8\u8bba\u5a92\u4f53\u81ea\u6211\u5ba1\u67e5\u65f6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u3001\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5728\u8ffd\u67e5\u79fb\u6c11\u6545\u4e8b\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u798f\u5229\u6b3a\u8bc8\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u8f83\u4e0d\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u4e60\u60ef\u65f6\u7684\u4e0d\u5b89\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d35\u65cf\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u738b\u5ba4\u6210\u5458\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6559\u7687\u3001\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u5171\u548c\u515a\u5219\u662f\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u201d[206]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a 2013 interview for NPR<\/a>, The Guardian<\/em>‘s Latin America correspondent Rory Carroll<\/a> stated that many editors at The Guardian<\/em> believed and continue to believe that they should support Hugo Ch\u00e1vez<\/a> “because he was a standard-bearer for the left”.[207]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u57282013\u5e74\u63a5\u53d7NPR\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u901a\u8baf\u5458\u7f57\u91cc\u00b7\u5361\u7f57\u5c14\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u7f16\u8f91\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e76\u4e14\u7ee7\u7eed\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u652f\u6301\u96e8\u679c\u00b7\u67e5\u97e6\u65af\uff0c\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u65d7\u5e1c\u4eba\u7269\u201d[207]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the 2015 United Kingdom general election<\/a>, it endorsed the Labour Party.[208]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u57282015\u5e74\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u5927\u9009\u4e2d\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u5de5\u515a[208]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the 2015 Labour Party leadership election<\/a>, The Guardian<\/em> supported Blairite candidate Yvette Cooper<\/a> and was critical of left-winger Jeremy Corbyn<\/a>, the successful candidate.[209]<\/a><\/sup> These positions were criticised by the Morning Star<\/a><\/em>, which accused The Guardian<\/em> of being conservative.[210]<\/a>[undue weight?<\/a> \u2013 discuss<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup> Although the majority of Guardian<\/em> columnists were against Corbyn winning, Owen Jones<\/a>, Seumas Milne<\/a>, and George Monbiot<\/a> wrote supportive articles about him. Despite the critical position of the paper in general, The Guardian<\/em> endorsed the Labour Party while Corbyn was its leader in the 2017<\/a>[211]<\/a><\/sup> and 2019<\/a> general elections \u2014 although in both cases they endorsed a vote for opposition parties other than Labour, such as the Liberal Democrats and the Scottish National Party<\/a> in seats where Labour did not stand a chance.[212]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u57282015\u5e74\u7684\u5de5\u515a\u515a\u9b41\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u652f\u6301\u5e03\u83b1\u5c14\u6d3e\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u4f0a\u8587\u7279\u00b7\u5e93\u73c0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u6700\u7ec8\u80dc\u51fa\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u6770\u91cc\u7c73\u00b7\u79d1\u5c14\u5bbe[209]\u3002\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7acb\u573a\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u300a\u6668\u661f\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u6307\u8d23\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u4fdd\u5b88[210]\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u5f53\u6743\u91cd\uff1f\u2014 \u8ba8\u8bba\uff09\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5927\u591a\u6570\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u4e13\u680f\u4f5c\u5bb6\u53cd\u5bf9\u79d1\u5c14\u5bbe\u80dc\u9009\uff0c\u4f46\u6b27\u6587\u00b7\u743c\u65af\u3001\u897f\u7a46\u65af\u00b7\u7c73\u5c14\u6069\u548c\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u8499\u6bd4\u5965\u7279\u4e3a\u4ed6\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u6027\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u62a5\u7eb8\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u5bf9\u79d1\u5c14\u5bbe\u6301\u6279\u8bc4\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u57282017\u5e74[211]\u548c2019\u5e74\u7684\u5927\u9009\u4e2d\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u62c5\u4efb\u515a\u9b41\u65f6\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u5de5\u515a\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u6b21\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u5728\u5de5\u515a\u6ca1\u6709\u80dc\u7b97\u7684\u9009\u533a\u6295\u7968\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u6216\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u6c11\u65cf\u515a[212]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum<\/a>, The Guardian<\/em> endorsed remaining in the EU,[213]<\/a><\/sup> and in the 2019 European election<\/a> invited its readers to vote for pro-EU candidates, without endorsing specific parties.[214]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u57282016\u5e74\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u8131\u6b27\u516c\u6295\u4e2d\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u652f\u6301\u7559\u5728\u6b27\u76df[213]\uff0c\u5e76\u57282019\u5e74\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u9080\u8bf7\u5176\u8bfb\u8005\u6295\u7968\u7ed9\u4eb2\u6b27\u76df\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u652f\u6301\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u653f\u515a[214]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u53d1\u884c\u91cf\u548c\u7248\u5f0f | Circulation and format<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The Guardian<\/em> had a certified average daily circulation of 204,222 copies in December 2012\u00a0\u2014 a drop of 11.25 per cent in January 2012\u00a0\u2014 as compared to sales of 547,465 for The Daily Telegraph<\/em>, 396,041 for The Times<\/em>, and 78,082 for The Independent<\/em>.[215]<\/a><\/sup> In March 2013, its average daily circulation had fallen to 193,586, according to the Audit Bureau of Circulations.[216]<\/a><\/sup> Circulation has continued to decline and stood at 161,091 in December 2016, a decline of 2.98 per cent year-on-year.[217]<\/a><\/sup> In July 2021, the circulation was 105,134; later that year, the publishers stopped making circulation data public.[3]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u57282012\u5e7412\u6708\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5e73\u5747\u65e5\u53d1\u884c\u91cf\u4e3a204,222\u4efd\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd42012\u5e741\u6708\u4e0b\u964d\u4e8611.25%\uff0c\u800c\u540c\u671f\u300a\u6bcf\u65e5\u7535\u8baf\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u9500\u91cf\u4e3a547,465\u4efd\uff0c\u300a\u6cf0\u6664\u58eb\u62a5\u300b\u4e3a396,041\u4efd\uff0c\u300a\u72ec\u7acb\u62a5\u300b\u4e3a78,082\u4efd[215]\u3002\u6839\u636e\u53d1\u884c\u91cf\u5ba1\u6838\u5c40\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u52302013\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u5176\u5e73\u5747\u65e5\u53d1\u884c\u91cf\u964d\u81f3193,586\u4efd[216]\u3002\u53d1\u884c\u91cf\u6301\u7eed\u4e0b\u6ed1\uff0c\u81f32016\u5e7412\u6708\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u884c\u91cf\u4e3a161,091\u4efd\uff0c\u540c\u6bd4\u51cf\u5c11\u4e862.98%[217]\u30022021\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u53d1\u884c\u91cf\u4e3a105,134\u4efd\uff1b\u540c\u5e74\u665a\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u505c\u6b62\u516c\u5f00\u53d1\u884c\u91cf\u6570\u636e[3]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.1 \u51fa\u7248\u5386\u53f2 | Publication history<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u56fe4-1\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

The first edition was published on 5 May 1821,[218]<\/a><\/sup> at which time The Guardian<\/em> was a weekly, published on Saturdays and costing 7d<\/a>; the stamp duty<\/a> on newspapers (4d per sheet) forced the price up so high that it was uneconomic to publish more frequently. When the stamp duty was cut in 1836, The Guardian<\/em> added a Wednesday edition and with the abolition of the tax in 1855 it became a daily paper costing 2d.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u9996\u671f\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u4e8e1821\u5e745\u67085\u65e5\u53d1\u884c[218]\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u5468\u520a\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u516d\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u552e\u4ef7\u4e3a7\u4fbf\u58eb\uff1b\u7531\u4e8e\u62a5\u7eb8\u5370\u82b1\u7a0e\uff08\u6bcf\u5f204\u4fbf\u58eb\uff09\u8feb\u4f7f\u4ef7\u683c\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u66f4\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u51fa\u7248\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u7b97\u7684\u30021836\u5e74\u5370\u82b1\u7a0e\u964d\u4f4e\u540e\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5468\u4e09\u7248\uff0c\u968f\u77401855\u5e74\u8be5\u7a0e\u79cd\u7684\u5e9f\u9664\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6bcf\u65e5\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8\uff0c\u552e\u4ef7\u4e3a2\u4fbf\u58eb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In October 1952, the paper took the step of printing news on the front page, replacing the adverts that had hitherto filled that space. Then-editor A. P. Wadsworth wrote: “It is not a thing I like myself, but it seems to be accepted by all the newspaper pundits that it is preferable to be in fashion.”[219]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111952\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u4e3e\u63aa\uff0c\u5728\u5934\u7248\u520a\u767b\u65b0\u95fb\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u6b64\u524d\u5360\u636e\u8be5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u7f16\u8f91A. P. Wadsworth\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e13\u5bb6\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8ffd\u8d76\u6f6e\u6d41\u662f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u201d[219]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Following the closure of the Anglican Church Newspaper, The Guardian<\/a><\/em>, in 1951, the paper dropped “Manchester” from its title in 1959, becoming simply The Guardian.<\/em>[220]<\/a><\/sup> In 1964 it moved to London, losing some of its regional agenda but continuing to be heavily subsidised by sales of the more downmarket but more profitable Manchester Evening News<\/em>. The financial position remained extremely poor into the 1970s; at one time it was in merger talks with The Times<\/em>. The paper consolidated its centre-left stance during the 1970s and 1980s.[citation needed<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u57281951\u5e74\u540c\u540d\u7684\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u62a5\u7eb8\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u505c\u520a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u4e8e1959\u5e74\u4ece\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u53bb\u6389\u4e86\u201c\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u201d\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b[220]\u30021964\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u8fc1\u5f80\u4f26\u6566\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u6027\u8bae\u9898\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u4f46\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f9d\u9760\u9500\u91cf\u66f4\u5927\u4e14\u66f4\u6709\u76c8\u5229\u6027\u7684\u300a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u665a\u62a5\u300b\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u91cf\u8865\u8d34\u3002\u5176\u8d22\u52a1\u72b6\u51b5\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u4f9d\u7136\u975e\u5e38\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff1b\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5b83\u751a\u81f3\u4e0e\u300a\u6cf0\u6664\u58eb\u62a5\u300b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5408\u5e76\u8c08\u5224\u3002\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u5de9\u56fa\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u7acb\u573a[\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u8bc1]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On 12 February 1988, The Guardian<\/em> had a significant redesign; as well as improving the quality of its printers’ ink, it also changed its masthead to a juxtaposition of an italic<\/a> Garamond<\/a> “The<\/em>“, with a bold Helvetica<\/a> “Guardian”, that remained in use until the 2005 redesign.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111988\u5e742\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u6539\u7248\uff1b\u9664\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u5370\u5237\u6cb9\u58a8\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u5c06\u62a5\u5934\u6539\u6210\u4e86\u659c\u4f53Garamond\u5b57\u4f53\u7684\u201cThe\u201d\u4e0e\u7c97\u4f53Helvetica\u5b57\u4f53\u7684\u201cGuardian\u201d\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u76f4\u4f7f\u7528\u52302005\u5e74\u6539\u7248\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1992, The Guardian<\/em> relaunched its features section as G2<\/em>, a tabloid-format supplement. This innovation was widely copied by the other “quality” broadsheets and ultimately led to the rise of “compact” papers and The Guardian<\/em>‘s move to the Berliner format<\/a>. In 1993 the paper declined to participate in the broadsheet price war<\/a> started by Rupert Murdoch<\/a>‘s The Times<\/em>. In June 1993, The Guardian<\/em> bought The Observer<\/em> from Lonrho<\/a>, thus gaining a serious Sunday sister newspaper<\/a> with similar political views.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111992\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5c06\u5176\u7279\u5199\u7248\u91cd\u65b0\u63a8\u51fa\u4e3aG2\uff0c\u4e00\u4efd\u5c0f\u62a5\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u589e\u520a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u521b\u65b0\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u201c\u4f18\u8d28\u201d\u5bf9\u5f00\u62a5\u7eb8\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6548\u4eff\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u201c\u7d27\u51d1\u578b\u201d\u62a5\u7eb8\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u8f6c\u5411\u67cf\u6797\u683c\u5f0f\u30021993\u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u62d2\u7edd\u53c2\u4e0e\u7531\u9c81\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u9ed8\u591a\u514b\u7684\u300a\u6cf0\u6664\u58eb\u62a5\u300b\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u5bf9\u5f00\u62a5\u7eb8\u4ef7\u683c\u6218\u30021993\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u4eceLonrho\u516c\u53f8\u624b\u4e2d\u4e70\u4e0b\u4e86\u300a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u62a5\u300b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u653f\u6cbb\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5468\u62a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Its international weekly edition is now titled The Guardian Weekly<\/em>, though it retained the title Manchester Guardian Weekly<\/em> for some years after the home edition had moved to London. It includes sections from a number of other internationally significant newspapers of a somewhat left-of-centre inclination, including Le Monde<\/a><\/em> and The Washington Post<\/a><\/em>. The Guardian Weekly<\/em> was also linked to a website for expatriates, Guardian Abroad<\/em>, which was launched in 2007 but had been taken offline by 2012.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5176\u56fd\u9645\u5468\u520a\u73b0\u5728\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u5468\u520a\u300b\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u672c\u571f\u7248\u79fb\u5e08\u4f26\u6566\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u5b83\u4ecd\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u300a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u536b\u62a5\u5468\u520a\u300b\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u5de6\u503e\u503e\u5411\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u91cd\u8981\u62a5\u7eb8\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u62a5\u300b\uff08Le Monde\uff09\u548c\u300a\u534e\u76db\u987f\u90ae\u62a5\u300b\uff08The Washington Post\uff09\u3002\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u5468\u520a\u300b\u8fd8\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9488\u5bf9\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u6c11\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u201cGuardian Abroad\u201d\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u8be5\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e8e2007\u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u52302012\u5e74\u5df2\u88ab\u4e0b\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.2 \u8f6c\u4e3a\u67cf\u6797\u7248\u5f0f\u62a5\u7eb8 | Moving to the Berliner paper format<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Guardian<\/em> is printed in full colour,[221]<\/a><\/sup> and was the first newspaper in the UK to use the Berliner<\/a> format for its main section, while producing sections and supplements in a range of page sizes including tabloid, approximately A4, and pocket-size (approximately A5).
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u91c7\u7528\u5168\u5f69\u5370\u5237[221]\uff0c\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u5bb6\u5728\u5176\u4e3b\u4f53\u7248\u9762\u4f7f\u7528\u67cf\u6797\u7248\u5f0f\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ee5\u591a\u79cd\u9875\u9762\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5236\u4f5c\u5404\u4e2a\u7248\u5757\u548c\u589e\u520a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5c0f\u62a5\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff08tabloid\uff09\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6A4\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53e3\u888b\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff08\u5927\u7ea6A5\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2004, The Guardian<\/em> announced plans to change to a Berliner or “midi” format,[222]<\/a><\/sup> similar to that used by Die Tageszeitung<\/a><\/em> in Germany, Le Monde<\/a><\/em> in France and many other European papers. At 470\u00d7315\u00a0mm, this is slightly larger than a traditional tabloid<\/a>. Planned for the autumn of 2005, this change followed moves by The Independent<\/em> and The Times<\/a><\/em> to start publishing in tabloid (or compact) format. On Thursday, 1 September 2005, The Guardian<\/em> announced that it would launch the new format on Monday 12 September 2005.[223]<\/a><\/sup> Sister Sunday newspaper The Observer<\/em> also changed to this new format on 8 January 2006.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112004\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5ba3\u5e03\u8ba1\u5212\u5c06\u5176\u6539\u4e3a\u67cf\u6797\u683c\u5f0f\u6216\u201cmidi\u201d\u683c\u5f0f[222]\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u300a\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\uff08Die Tageszeitung\uff09\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u62a5\u300b\uff08Le Monde\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u6b27\u6d32\u62a5\u7eb8\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a470\u00d7315\u6beb\u7c73\uff0c\u7565\u5927\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5c0f\u62a5\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u53d8\u66f4\u539f\u8ba1\u5212\u4e8e2005\u5e74\u79cb\u5b63\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u7d27\u968f\u300a\u72ec\u7acb\u62a5\u300b\u548c\u300a\u6cf0\u6664\u58eb\u62a5\u300b\u5f00\u59cb\u91c7\u7528\u5c0f\u62a5\uff08\u6216\u7d27\u51d1\u578b\uff09\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6b65\u4f10\u30022005\u5e749\u67081\u65e5\u661f\u671f\u56db\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u5ba3\u5e03\u5c06\u4e8e2005\u5e749\u670812\u65e5\u661f\u671f\u4e00\u542f\u52a8\u65b0\u7684\u683c\u5f0f[223]\u3002\u59ca\u59b9\u5468\u62a5\u300a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u62a5\u300b\u4e5f\u57282006\u5e741\u67088\u65e5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The format switch was accompanied by a comprehensive redesign of the paper’s look. On Friday, 9 September 2005, the newspaper unveiled its newly designed front page, which d\u00e9buted on Monday 12 September 2005. Designed by Mark Porter<\/a>, the new look includes a new masthead<\/a> for the newspaper, its first since 1988. A typeface family designed by Paul Barnes<\/a> and Christian Schwartz<\/a> was created for the new design. With just over 200 fonts, it was described as “one of the most ambitious custom type programs ever commissioned by a newspaper”.[224]<\/a>[225]<\/a><\/sup> Among the fonts is Guardian Egyptian<\/a>, a slab serif<\/a> that is used in various weights for both text and headlines, and is central to the redesign.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u7248\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u62a5\u7eb8\u5916\u89c2\u7684\u5168\u9762\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u30022005 \u5e74 9 \u6708 9 \u65e5\u661f\u671f\u4e94\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u516c\u5e03\u4e86\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5934\u7248\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e 2005 \u5e74 9 \u6708 12 \u65e5\u661f\u671f\u4e00\u9996\u6b21\u4eae\u76f8\u3002\u65b0\u5916\u89c2\u7531\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u6ce2\u7279\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u62a5\u7eb8\u7684\u65b0\u62a5\u5934\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u81ea 1988 \u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u5df4\u6069\u65af\u548c\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u8482\u5b89\u00b7\u65bd\u74e6\u8328\u4e3a\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u5b57\u4f53\u7cfb\u5217\u3002\u5b83\u6709 200 \u591a\u79cd\u5b57\u4f53\uff0c\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u62a5\u7eb8\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u6700\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b57\u4f53\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u4e00\u201d\u3002[224][225] \u5b57\u4f53\u5305\u62ec Guardian Egyptian\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7c97\u886c\u7ebf\u5b57\u4f53\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u7c97\u7ec6\u7684\u6b63\u6587\u548c\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The switch cost Guardian Newspapers<\/em> \u00a380\u00a0million and involved setting up new printing presses in east London and Manchester.[226]<\/a><\/sup> This switch was necessary because, before The Guardian<\/em>‘s move, no printing presses in Britain could produce newspapers in the Berliner format. There were additional complications, as one of the paper’s presses was part-owned by Telegraph Newspapers<\/a><\/em> and Express Newspapers<\/a><\/em>, contracted to use the plant until 2009. Another press was shared with the Guardian Media Group’s<\/em> north-western tabloid local papers, which did not wish to switch to the Berliner format.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6b64\u6b21\u8f6c\u6362\u8017\u8d44 8000 \u4e07\u82f1\u9551\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u4e1c\u90e8\u548c\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u8bbe\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u5370\u5237\u673a\u3002[226] \u8fd9\u6b21\u8f6c\u6362\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u8f6c\u6362\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5370\u5237\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5370\u5237\u67cf\u6797\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u989d\u5916\u7684\u590d\u6742\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u62a5\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u53f0\u5370\u5237\u673a\u90e8\u5206\u5f52\u7535\u8baf\u62a5\u548c\u5feb\u62a5\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u5e76\u7b7e\u7ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u5de5\u5382\u81f3 2009 \u5e74\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u5370\u5237\u673a\u4e0e\u536b\u62a5\u4f20\u5a92\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u897f\u5317\u5c0f\u62a5\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u62a5\u4e0d\u613f\u6539\u7528\u67cf\u6797\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.2.1 \u53cd\u5411 | Reception<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

The new format was generally well received by Guardian<\/em> readers, who were encouraged to provide feedback on the changes. The only controversy was over the dropping of the Doonesbury<\/a><\/em> cartoon strip. The paper reported thousands of calls and emails complaining about its loss; within 24 hours the decision was reversed and the strip was reinstated the following week. G2<\/em> supplement editor Ian Katz, who was responsible for dropping it, apologised in the editors’ blog saying, “I’m sorry, once again, that I made you\u2014and the hundreds of fellow fans who have called our helpline or mailed our comments’ address\u2014so cross.”[227]<\/a><\/sup> However, some readers were dissatisfied as the earlier deadline needed for the all-colour sports section meant coverage of late-finishing evening football matches became less satisfactory in the editions supplied to some parts of the country.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u65b0\u683c\u5f0f\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u597d\u8bc4\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u4eec\u88ab\u9f13\u52b1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u3002\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u662f\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u300a\u675c\u5c3c\u65af\u4f2f\u91cc\u300b\uff08Doonesbury\uff09\u6f2b\u753b\u6761\u3002\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u6709\u6570\u5343\u4e2a\u7535\u8bdd\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u62b1\u6028\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d6\u6d88\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1b\u572824\u5c0f\u65f6\u5185\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u51b3\u5b9a\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\uff0c\u6f2b\u753b\u6761\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u5468\u5185\u6062\u590d\u3002\u8d1f\u8d23\u53d6\u6d88\u8be5\u6f2b\u753b\u6761\u7684G2\u589e\u520a\u7f16\u8f91\u4f0a\u6069\u00b7\u5361\u8328\u5728\u7f16\u8f91\u535a\u5ba2\u4e2d\u9053\u6b49\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5f88\u62b1\u6b49\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u8ba9\u4f60\u4eec\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u767e\u4f4d\u81f4\u7535\u6211\u4eec\u670d\u52a1\u70ed\u7ebf\u6216\u90ae\u4ef6\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u8bc4\u8bba\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7c89\u4e1d\u2014\u2014\u5982\u6b64\u751f\u6c14\u3002\u201d[227]\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bfb\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5168\u5f69\u4f53\u80b2\u7248\u6240\u9700\u7684\u63d0\u524d\u622a\u7a3f\u65f6\u95f4\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u665a\u95f4\u8db3\u7403\u6bd4\u8d5b\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The investment was rewarded with a circulation rise. In December 2005, the average daily sale stood at 380,693, nearly 6 per cent higher than the figure for December 2004.[228]<\/a><\/sup> However, by December 2012, circulation had dropped to 204,222.[229]<\/a><\/sup> In 2006, the US-based Society for News Design<\/a> chose The Guardian<\/em> and Polish daily Rzeczpospolita<\/a><\/em> as the world’s best-designed newspapers\u2014from among 389 entries from 44 countries.[230]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8fd9\u6b21\u6295\u8d44\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u53d1\u884c\u91cf\u6709\u6240\u4e0a\u5347\u30022005\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u65e5\u9500\u552e\u91cf\u8fbe\u5230380,693\u4efd\uff0c\u6bd42004\u5e7412\u6708\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9ad8\u51fa\u8fd16%[228]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u52302012\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u53d1\u884c\u91cf\u4e0b\u964d\u81f3204,222\u4efd[229]\u30022006\u5e74\uff0c\u603b\u90e8\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u8bbe\u8ba1\u534f\u4f1a\uff08Society for News Design\uff09\u4ece44\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684389\u4efd\u53c2\u8d5b\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u8bc4\u9009\u51fa\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u548c\u6ce2\u5170\u65e5\u62a5\u300aRzeczpospolita\u300b\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8[230]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.3 \u81ea2018\u5e74\u8d77\u7684\u5c0f\u62a5\u683c\u5f0f | Tabloid format since 2018<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In June 2017, Guardian Media Group<\/a> (GMG) announced that The Guardian<\/em> and The Observer<\/a><\/em> would relaunch in tabloid format<\/a> from early 2018.[231]<\/a><\/sup> The Guardian<\/em> confirmed the launch date for the new format to be 15 January 2018. GMG also signed a contract with Trinity Mirror<\/a><\/em> \u2013 the publisher of the Daily Mirror<\/a><\/em>, Sunday Mirror<\/a><\/em>, and Sunday People<\/a><\/em> \u2013 to outsource<\/a> printing of The Guardian<\/em> and The Observer<\/a><\/em>.[232]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112017\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u536b\u62a5\u5a92\u4f53\u96c6\u56e2\uff08GMG\uff09\u5ba3\u5e03\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u548c\u300a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u62a5\u300b\u5c06\u4e8e2018\u5e74\u521d\u4ee5\u5c0f\u62a5\u683c\u5f0f\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u884c[231]\u3002\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u786e\u8ba4\u65b0\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u53d1\u884c\u65e5\u671f\u4e3a2018\u5e741\u670815\u65e5\u3002GMG\u8fd8\u4e0e\u300a\u6bcf\u65e5\u955c\u62a5\u300b\u3001\u300a\u661f\u671f\u65e5\u955c\u62a5\u300b\u548c\u300a\u661f\u671f\u65e5\u4eba\u6c11\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u5546Trinity Mirror\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u5c06\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u548c\u300a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u5370\u5237\u5916\u5305\u7ed9\u540e\u8005[232]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The format change was intended to help cut costs as it allowed the paper to be printed by a wider array of presses, and outsourcing the printing to presses owned by Trinity Mirror was expected to save millions of pounds annually. The move was part of a three-year plan that included cutting 300 jobs in an attempt to reduce losses and break even by 2019.[231]<\/a>[233]<\/a><\/sup> The paper and ink are the same as previously and the font size is fractionally larger.[234]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6b64\u6b21\u683c\u5f0f\u53d8\u66f4\u65e8\u5728\u5e2e\u52a9\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u62a5\u7eb8\u5728\u66f4\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u5370\u5237\u673a\u4e0a\u5370\u5237\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u5370\u5237\u5916\u5305\u7ed9Trinity Mirror\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u5370\u5237\u5382\u9884\u8ba1\u6bcf\u5e74\u53ef\u4ee5\u8282\u7701\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\u3002\u6b64\u4e3e\u662f\u4e3a\u671f\u4e09\u5e74\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u5305\u62ec\u88c1\u51cf300\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c97\u4f4d\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u51cf\u5c11\u4e8f\u635f\u5e76\u57282019\u5e74\u5b9e\u73b0\u6536\u652f\u5e73\u8861[231][233]\u3002\u7eb8\u5f20\u548c\u6cb9\u58a8\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5b57\u4f53\u5927\u5c0f\u7565\u6709\u589e\u5927[234]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An assessment of the response from readers in late April 2018 indicated that the new format had led to an increased number of subscriptions. The editors were working on changing aspects that had caused complaints from readers.[234]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112018\u5e744\u6708\u5e95\u5bf9\u8bfb\u8005\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u65b0\u683c\u5f0f\u5bfc\u81f4\u8ba2\u9605\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u6539\u53d8\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f15\u8d77\u8bfb\u8005\u62b1\u6028\u7684\u65b9\u9762[234]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July 2018, the masthead of the new tabloid format was adjusted to a dark blue.[235]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112018\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u5c0f\u62a5\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u62a5\u5934\u989c\u8272\u8c03\u6574\u4e3a\u6df1\u84dd\u8272[235]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. \u7ebf\u4e0a\u5a92\u4f53 | Online media<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The Guardian<\/em> and its Sunday sibling The Observer<\/em> publish all their news online, with free access both to current news and an archive of three million stories. A third of the site’s hits are for items over a month old.[236]<\/a><\/sup> As of May 2013, it was the most popular UK newspaper website with 8.2 million unique visitors per month, just ahead of Mail Online<\/a><\/em> with 7.6 million unique monthly visitors.[237]<\/a><\/sup> In April 2011, MediaWeek<\/a> reported that The Guardian<\/em> was the fifth most popular newspaper site in the world.[238]<\/a><\/sup> Journalists use an analytics tool called Ophan, built entirely in-house, to measure website data around stories and audience.[239]<\/a><\/sup> However, the number of online readers had drastically dropped by July 2021.[240]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u53ca\u5176\u5468\u65e5\u7248\u300a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u62a5\u300b\u90fd\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u53d1\u5e03\u6240\u6709\u65b0\u95fb\uff0c\u514d\u8d39\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u65b0\u95fb\u548c\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u767e\u4e07\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5b58\u6863\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u70b9\u51fb\u91cf\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u7ae0[236]\u3002\u622a\u81f32013\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u6700\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u6bcf\u6708\u6709820\u4e07\u72ec\u7acb\u8bbf\u5ba2\uff0c\u7565\u9ad8\u4e8e\u300a\u6bcf\u65e5\u90ae\u62a5\u300b\u5728\u7ebf\u7248\u7684760\u4e07\u72ec\u7acb\u6708\u8bbf\u5ba2[237]\u30022011\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u300aMediaWeek\u300b\u62a5\u9053\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u662f\u5168\u7403\u7b2c\u4e94\u5927\u6700\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8\u7f51\u7ad9[238]\u3002\u8bb0\u8005\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u6b3e\u5b8c\u5168\u5185\u90e8\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u540d\u4e3aOphan\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u56f4\u7ed5\u6587\u7ae0\u548c\u53d7\u4f17\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u6570\u636e[239]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u52302021\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u7ebf\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u6025\u5267\u4e0b\u964d[240]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Guardian<\/em> launched an iOS<\/a> mobile application<\/a> for its content in 2009.[241]<\/a><\/sup> An Android<\/a> app followed in 2011.[242]<\/a><\/sup> In 2018, the newspaper announced its apps and mobile website would be redesigned to coincide with its relaunch as a tabloid.[243]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u4e8e2009\u5e74\u4e3a\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u6b3eiOS\u79fb\u52a8\u5e94\u7528[241]\u3002\u5b89\u5353\u7248\u5e94\u7528\u968f\u540e\u57282011\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03[242]\u30022018\u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u5ba3\u5e03\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u79fb\u52a8\u7f51\u7ad9\u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4ee5\u914d\u5408\u5176\u8f6c\u578b\u4e3a\u5c0f\u62a5\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u53d1\u884c[243]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Comment is Free<\/a> section features columns by the paper’s journalists and regular commentators, as well as articles from guest writers, including readers’ comments and responses below. The section includes all the opinion pieces published in the paper itself, as well as many others that only appear online. Censorship is exercised by Moderators who can ban posts\u00a0\u2013 with no right of appeal\u00a0\u2013 by those who they feel have overstepped the mark. The Guardian<\/em> has taken what they call a very “open” stance in delivering news, and have launched an open platform for their content. This allows external developers to easily use Guardian<\/em> content in external applications, and even to feed third-party content back into the Guardian<\/em> network.[244]<\/a><\/sup> The Guardian<\/em> also had a number of talkboards that were noted for their mix of political discussion and whimsy until they were closed on Friday, 25 February 2011 after they had settled a libel action brought after months of harassment of a conservative party activist.[245]<\/a>[246]<\/a><\/sup> They were spoofed in The Guardian<\/em>‘s own regular humorous Chatroom column in G2<\/em>. The spoof column purported to be excerpts from a chatroom on permachat.co.uk, a real URL that pointed to The Guardian<\/em>‘s talkboards.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u201c\u8bc4\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u680f\u76ee\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8be5\u62a5\u8bb0\u8005\u548c\u5b9a\u671f\u8bc4\u8bba\u5458\u7684\u4e13\u680f\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6765\u81ea\u7279\u9080\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u548c\u56de\u590d\u3002\u8be5\u680f\u76ee\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5728\u62a5\u7eb8\u672c\u8eab\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6240\u6709\u610f\u89c1\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u53ea\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u201c\u8bc4\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u680f\u76ee\u7531\u7248\u4e3b\u6267\u884c\u5ba1\u67e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7981\u6b62\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8d85\u51fa\u754c\u9650\u7684\u5e16\u5b50\u2014\u2014\u800c\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u7533\u8bc9\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u975e\u5e38\u201c\u5f00\u653e\u201d\u7684\u59ff\u6001\u6765\u4f20\u9012\u65b0\u95fb\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u5e73\u53f0\u4f9b\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5916\u90e8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5185\u5bb9\u53cd\u9988\u5230\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d[244]\u3002\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ba8\u8bba\u677f\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u6df7\u5408\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u5947\u601d\u5999\u60f3\u800c\u8457\u79f0\uff0c\u76f4\u52302011\u5e742\u670825\u65e5\u661f\u671f\u4e94\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba8\u8bba\u677f\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u5bf9\u4e00\u4f4d\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u9a9a\u6270\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8bfd\u8c24\u8bc9\u8bbc\u540e\u88ab\u5173\u95ed[245][246]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba8\u8bba\u677f\u66fe\u5728\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300bG2\u7248\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u5e7d\u9ed8\u4e13\u680f\u201c\u804a\u5929\u5ba4\u201d\u4e2d\u88ab\u6076\u641e\u3002\u8be5\u6076\u641e\u4e13\u680f\u58f0\u79f0\u6458\u81ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3apermachat.co.uk\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u7f51\u5740\u4e0a\u7684\u804a\u5929\u5ba4\uff0c\u8be5\u7f51\u5740\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u677f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In August 2013, a webshow titled Thinkfluencer<\/em>[247]<\/a><\/sup> was launched by Guardian Multimedia in association with Arte<\/a>.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112013 \u5e74 8 \u6708\uff0c\u536b\u62a5\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0e Arte \u8054\u5408\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u6863\u540d\u4e3a\u300aThinkfluencer\u300b[247]\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2004 the paper also launched a dating website, Guardian Soulmates.[248]<\/a><\/sup> On 1 July 2020, Guardian Soulmates was closed down with the explanation: “It hasn’t been an easy decision to make, but the online dating world is a very different place to when we first launched online in July 2004. There are so many dating apps now, so many ways to meet people, which are often free and very quick.”[249]<\/a><\/sup> An American version of the website titled Guardian America<\/em> was an American version of the British news website Guardian Unlimited<\/em> intended to win more U.S.-based readers. It was abandoned in October 2009.[250]<\/a><\/sup> The Guardian<\/em> launched an .onion<\/a> version of its website on the Tor<\/a> network in May 2022,[251]<\/a><\/sup> with assistance from Alec Muffett<\/a>.[252]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112004\u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u8fd8\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u5bb6\u7ea6\u4f1a\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u540d\u4e3aGuardian Soulmates[248]\u30022020\u5e747\u67081\u65e5\uff0cGuardian Soulmates\u88ab\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u201c\u505a\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e00\u51b3\u5b9a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u4f46\u81ea2004\u5e747\u6708\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u6b21\u5728\u7ebf\u63a8\u51fa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u7f51\u4e0a\u7ea6\u4f1a\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u7684\u7ea6\u4f1a\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u514d\u8d39\u4e14\u975e\u5e38\u5feb\u6377\u7684\u3002\u201d[249] \u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aGuardian America\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u7248\u7f51\u7ad9\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u65b0\u95fb\u7f51\u7ad9Guardian Unlimited\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u7248\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5438\u5f15\u66f4\u591a\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bfb\u8005\u3002\u5b83\u57282009\u5e7410\u6708\u88ab\u653e\u5f03[250]\u3002\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u4e8e2022\u5e745\u6708\u5728\u5176\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86.onion\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86Tor\u7f51\u7edc[251]\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u4e86Alec Muffett\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9[252]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.1 \u64ad\u5ba2 | Podcasts<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The paper entered podcasting<\/a> in 2005 with a twelve-part weekly podcast<\/a> series by Ricky Gervais<\/a>.[253]<\/a><\/sup> In January 2006, Gervais’ show topped the iTunes<\/a> podcast chart having been downloaded by two million listeners worldwide,[254]<\/a><\/sup> and was scheduled to be listed in the 2007 Guinness Book of Records<\/a><\/em> as the most downloaded podcast.[255]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u8be5\u62a5\u4e8e2005\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u6863\u7531Ricky Gervais\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u5341\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u5468\u64ad\u64ad\u5ba2\u7cfb\u5217\u8282\u76ee\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u64ad\u5ba2\u9886\u57df[253]\u30022006\u5e741\u6708\uff0cGervais\u7684\u8282\u76ee\u767b\u4e0a\u4e86iTunes\u64ad\u5ba2\u6392\u884c\u699c\u699c\u9996\uff0c\u88ab\u5168\u7403\u4e24\u767e\u4e07\u542c\u4f17\u4e0b\u8f7d[254]\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba1\u5212\u88ab\u5217\u51652007\u5e74\u7684\u5409\u5c3c\u65af\u4e16\u754c\u7eaa\u5f55\u5927\u5168\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6b21\u6570\u6700\u591a\u7684\u64ad\u5ba2[255]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Guardian<\/em> now offers several regular podcasts made by its journalists. One of the most prominent is Today in Focus<\/em>, a daily news podcast hosted by Anushka Asthana<\/a> and launched on 1 November 2018. It was an immediate success[256]<\/a><\/sup> and became one of the UK’s most-downloaded podcasts.[256]<\/a>[257]<\/a>[258]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u76ee\u524d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7531\u5176\u8bb0\u8005\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u51e0\u6863\u5b9a\u671f\u64ad\u5ba2\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u662f\u300a\u4eca\u65e5\u7126\u70b9\u300b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6863\u6bcf\u65e5\u65b0\u95fb\u64ad\u5ba2\uff0c\u7531\u5b89\u52aa\u8212\u5361\u00b7\u963f\u65af\u5854\u7eb3\u4e3b\u6301\uff0c\u4e8e 2018 \u5e74 11 \u6708 1 \u65e5\u63a8\u51fa\u3002\u5b83\u4e00\u7ecf\u63a8\u51fa\u4fbf\u5927\u83b7\u6210\u529f[256]\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6b21\u6570\u6700\u591a\u7684\u64ad\u5ba2\u4e4b\u4e00[256][257][258]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. \u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7535\u5f71 | GuardianFilms<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In 2003 The Guardian<\/em> started the film production company GuardianFilms, headed by journalist Maggie O’Kane. Much of the company’s output is documentary made for television\u2013 and it has included Salam Pax<\/a>‘s Baghdad Blogger<\/a><\/em> for BBC Two<\/a>‘s daily flagship Newsnight<\/a><\/em>, some of which have been shown in compilations by CNN<\/a> International<\/em>, Sex on the Streets<\/em> and Spiked<\/em>, both made for the UK’s Channel 4<\/a> television.[259]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112003\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u516c\u53f8GuardianFilms\uff0c\u7531\u8bb0\u8005Maggie O’Kane\u9886\u5bfc\u3002\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4ea7\u51fa\u662f\u4e3a\u7535\u89c6\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e3aBBC\u4e8c\u53f0\u65d7\u8230\u65b0\u95fb\u8282\u76ee\u300aNewsnight\u300b\u5236\u4f5c\u7684Salam Pax\u7684\u300a\u5df4\u683c\u8fbe\u535a\u5ba2\u300b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u7247\u6bb5\u88abCNN\u56fd\u9645\u9891\u9053\u6c47\u7f16\u64ad\u51fa\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u7b2c\u56db\u9891\u9053\u7535\u89c6\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u300a\u8857\u5934\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u300b\u548c\u300a\u7a81\u53d8\u300b[259]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

GuardianFilms has received several broadcasting awards. In addition to two Amnesty International Media Awards in 2004 and 2005, The Baghdad Blogger: Salam Pax<\/em> won a Royal Television Society Award in 2005. Baghdad: A Doctor’s Story<\/em> won an Emmy Award for Best International Current Affairs film in 2007.[260]<\/a><\/sup> In 2008 photojournalist Sean Smith’s<\/a> Inside the Surge<\/em> won the Royal Television Society award for best international news film\u00a0\u2013 the first time a newspaper has won such an award.[261]<\/a>[262]<\/a><\/sup> The same year, The Guardian<\/em>‘s Katine<\/a> website was awarded for its outstanding new media output at the One World Media awards. Again in 2008, GuardianFilms’ undercover video report revealing vote rigging by Robert Mugabe<\/a>‘s ZANU\u2013PF<\/a> party during the 2007 Zimbabwe election won best news programme of the year at the Broadcast Awards.[260]<\/a>[263]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011GuardianFilms\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u591a\u9879\u5e7f\u64ad\u5956\u9879\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u57282004\u5e74\u548c2005\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u7279\u8d66\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5a92\u4f53\u5956\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u300a\u5df4\u683c\u8fbe\u535a\u5ba2\uff1aSalam Pax\u300b\u57282005\u5e74\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u7687\u5bb6\u7535\u89c6\u5b66\u4f1a\u5956\u3002\u300a\u5df4\u683c\u8fbe\uff1a\u533b\u751f\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u300b\u57282007\u5e74\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u6700\u4f73\u56fd\u9645\u65f6\u4e8b\u5f71\u7247\u7684\u827e\u7f8e\u5956[260]\u30022008\u5e74\uff0c\u6444\u5f71\u8bb0\u8005Sean Smith\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u300aInside the Surge\u300b\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u7687\u5bb6\u7535\u89c6\u5b66\u4f1a\u9881\u53d1\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u56fd\u9645\u65b0\u95fb\u5f71\u7247\u5956\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u62a5\u7eb8\u9996\u6b21\u8d62\u5f97\u6b64\u7c7b\u5956\u9879[261][262]\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684Katine\u7f51\u7ad9\u5728One World Media\u5956\u9879\u4e2d\u56e0\u5176\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u65b0\u5a92\u4f53\u4ea7\u51fa\u83b7\u5956\u3002\u540c\u6837\u57282008\u5e74\uff0cGuardianFilms\u7684\u5367\u5e95\u89c6\u9891\u62a5\u9053\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u7a46\u52a0\u8d1d\u7684ZANU-PF\u515a\u57282007\u5e74\u6d25\u5df4\u5e03\u97e6\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u7684\u9009\u7968\u821e\u5f0a\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728Broadcast Awards\u4e2d\u88ab\u8bc4\u4e3a\u5e74\u5ea6\u6700\u4f73\u65b0\u95fb\u8282\u76ee[260][263]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n