{"id":4091,"date":"2024-09-06T17:15:24","date_gmt":"2024-09-06T09:15:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=4091"},"modified":"2025-01-30T22:11:17","modified_gmt":"2025-01-30T14:11:17","slug":"goh-chok-tong-fulltext-zhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2024\/09\/06\/goh-chok-tong-fulltext-zhen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5434\u4f5c\u680b \/ Goh Chok Tong -\uff08\u5168\u6587\uff09\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u878d\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\u8fbd\u89c2\u6240\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e00\u9053\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167\u7248\u672c<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u548c\u89c6\u9891\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

0. \u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\u3011\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\u56fe0-1\u548c0-2\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

0.1 \u6587\u5b57\u8bf4\u660e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\u5434\u4f5c\u680b<\/strong> SPMJ<\/a>\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff1aGoh Chok Tong\uff1b1941\u5e745\u670820\u65e5\u2014\uff09\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761<\/a>\u534e\u88d4<\/a>\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efb\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u603b\u7406<\/a>\u3002\u7956\u7c4d<\/a>\u4e2d\u56fd<\/a>\u798f\u5efa\u7701<\/a>\u6cc9\u5dde\u5e02<\/a>\u6c38\u6625\u53bf<\/a>\u6e56\u6d0b\u9547<\/a>\u5434\u5cad\u6751\u30021990\u5e74\u8d77\u63a5\u4efb\u603b\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1992\u5e74\u8d77\u62c5\u4efb\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u4eba\u6c11\u884c\u52a8\u515a<\/a>\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u81f32004\u5e74\u4e3a\u6b62\u30022004\u5e74\u81f32011\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u51fa\u4efb\u56fd\u52a1\u8d44\u653f<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Goh Chok Tong<\/strong> AC<\/a> SPMJ<\/a> (born 20 May 1941) is a Singaporean former politician who served as the second prime minister of Singapore<\/a> from 1990 to 2004 and as a senior minister of Singapore<\/a> from 2004 to 2011. He served as the secretary-general of the People’s Action Party<\/a> (PAP) from 1992 to 2004 and was the member of Parliament<\/a> (MP) for Marine Parade SMC<\/a> from 1976 to 1988, and Marine Parade GRC<\/a> from 1988 to 2020.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5434\u4f5c\u680b AC SPMJ\uff081941 \u5e74 5 \u6708 20 \u65e5\u51fa\u751f\uff09\u662f\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u524d\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff0c\u66fe\u4e8e 1990 \u5e74\u81f3 2004 \u5e74\u62c5\u4efb\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efb\u603b\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e 2004 \u5e74\u81f3 2011 \u5e74\u62c5\u4efb\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u9ad8\u7ea7\u90e8\u957f\u3002\u4ed6\u4e8e 1992 \u5e74\u81f3 2004 \u5e74\u62c5\u4efb\u4eba\u6c11\u884c\u52a8\u515a\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e 1976 \u5e74\u81f3 1988 \u5e74\u62c5\u4efb\u9a6c\u6797\u767e\u5217\u5355\u9009\u533a\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e 1988 \u5e74\u81f3 2020 \u5e74\u62c5\u4efb\u9a6c\u6797\u767e\u5217\u96c6\u9009\u533a\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prior to his appointment as prime minister, he was the country’s deputy prime minister<\/a>, where he advocated for the Medisave<\/a>, a savings scheme that allows Singaporeans to set aside part of their income into a Medisave account to meet future medical expenses. Goh also advocated for the Edusave Awards, a monetary reward for students who did well in school based on either their academic achievements or character to enshrine meritocracy<\/a>.
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Shortly before and during his tenure as prime minister, Goh proposed political reforms like the introduction of Non-Constituency Members of Parliament<\/a> (NCMP), to allow more opposition into Parliament, Group Representation Constituencies<\/a> (GRC), to make sure that minorities are represented in Parliament and Nominated Members of Parliament<\/a> (NMP), to have independent opinions in Parliament since all NMPs are non-partisan<\/a>. Goh assumed the responsibility of government in a carefully managed leadership transition. In 1990, He introduced the Vehicle Quota System<\/a> to limit the exponential increase of personal vehicles. In 1991, Goh also enacted the elected presidency<\/a> scheme in 1991, with previous presidents having been appointed by Parliament.
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On 12 August 2004, Goh was succeeded by Lee Hsien Loong<\/a>, the eldest son of Singapore’s first prime minister, Lee Kuan Yew<\/a>,[3]<\/a><\/sup> and was subsequently appointed as a senior minister<\/a> in the Cabinet<\/a> and chairman of the Monetary Authority of Singapore<\/a> (MAS) between 2004 and 2011.[4]<\/a><\/sup> He resigned from the Cabinet in 2011, and was given the honorary title of “Emeritus Senior Minister” by Lee. He stepped down as a Member of Parliament<\/a> (MP) and retired from politics in 2020.[5]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112004\u5e748\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\u7531\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u9996\u4f4d\u603b\u7406\u674e\u5149\u8000\u7684\u957f\u5b50\u674e\u663e\u9f99\u63a5\u4efb\uff0c\u5e76\u968f\u540e\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u5185\u9601\u8d44\u653f\u53ca\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u91d1\u878d\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\uff08MAS\uff09\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u4efb\u671f\u4ece2004\u5e74\u81f32011\u5e74\u30022011\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u8f9e\u53bb\u4e86\u5185\u9601\u804c\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u674e\u663e\u9f99\u6388\u4e88\u201c\u8363\u8a89\u8d44\u653f\u201d\u7684\u79f0\u53f7\u3002\u4ed6\u57282020\u5e74\u5378\u4efb\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u5e76\u4ece\u653f\u575b\u9000\u4f11\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8363\u8a89\u56fd\u52a1\u8d44\u653f<\/a> \/ The Honourable<\/a> Emeritus Senior Minister
\u5434\u4f5c\u680b \/ Goh Chok Tong
SPMJ<\/a><\/th><\/tr>
\"\"\u00a0\u65b0\u52a0\u5761<\/a>\u7b2c2\u4efb\u603b\u7406<\/a> \/ 2nd Prime Minister of Singapore<\/a><\/th><\/tr>
\u4efb\u671f<\/strong>
1990\u5e7411\u670828\u65e5\u20142004\u5e748\u670812\u65e5<\/td><\/tr>
\u603b\u7edf<\/th>\u9ec4\u91d1\u8f89<\/a> \/ Wee Kim Wee<\/a> \u2192 \u738b\u9f0e\u660c<\/a> \/ Ong Teng Cheong<\/a> \u2192 \u585e\u62c9\u6f58\u00b7\u7eb3\u4e39<\/a> \/ S. R. Nathan<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u526f\u603b\u7406<\/th>\u738b\u9f0e\u660c<\/a> \/ Ong Teng Cheong<\/a>\uff081985\u20141993\uff09
\u674e\u663e\u9f99<\/a> \/ Lee Hsien Loong<\/a>\uff081990\uff0d2004\uff09
\u9648\u5e86\u708e<\/a> \/ Tony Tan<\/a>\uff081995\u20142005\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u524d\u4efb<\/th>\u674e\u5149\u8000<\/a> \/ Lee Kuan Yew<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u7ee7\u4efb<\/th>\u674e\u663e\u9f99<\/a> \/ Lee Hsien Loong<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u7b2c2\u4efb\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u4eba\u6c11\u884c\u52a8\u515a\u884c\u653f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u79d8\u4e66\u957f<\/a> \/ Secretary-General of the People’s Action Party<\/a><\/th><\/tr>
\u4efb\u671f<\/strong>
1992\u5e7411\u67081\u65e5\u20142004\u5e7412\u67083\u65e5<\/td><\/tr>
\u4e3b\u5e2d<\/th>\u738b\u9f0e\u660c<\/a> \/ Ong Teng Cheong<\/a> \u2192 \u9648\u5e86\u708e<\/a> \/ Tony Tan<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u524d\u4efb<\/th>\u674e\u5149\u8000<\/a> \/ Lee Kuan Yew<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u7ee7\u4efb<\/th>\u674e\u663e\u9f99<\/a> \/ Lee Hsien Loong<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u56fd\u52a1\u8d44\u653f \/ Senior Minister of Singapore<\/a><\/th><\/tr>
\u4efb\u671f \/ In office<\/th>12 August 2004 \u2013 20 May 2011\u30102004 \u5e74 8 \u6708 12 \u65e5 \u2013 2011 \u5e74 5 \u6708 20 \u65e5\u3011
Serving with S. Jayakumar<\/a> (2009\u20132011)\u3010\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e S. Jayakumar \uff082009\u20132011\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Preceded by
\u3010\u524d\u4efb\u3011<\/th>		\u674e\u5149\u8000<\/a> \/ Lee Kuan Yew<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Succeeded by
\u3010\u7ee7\u4efb\u3011<\/th>		Teo Chee Hean<\/a>\u3010\u5f20\u5fd7\u8d24\u3011
Tharman Shanmugaratnam<\/a>\u3010\u5c1a\u8fbe\u66fc\u3011<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Member of Parliament for Marine Parade\u3010\u9a6c\u6797\u767e\u5217\u96c6\u9009\u533a\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u3011<\/th><\/tr>
In office<\/strong>\u3010\u4efb\u671f\u3011<\/th>23 December 1976 \u2013 23 June 2020
\u30101976\u5e7412\u670823\u65e5 \u2013 2020\u5e746\u670823\u65e5\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Political party\u3010\u653f\u515a\u3011<\/th>People’s Action Party<\/a>\u3010\u4eba\u6c11\u884c\u52a8\u515a\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Preceded by\u3010\u524d\u4efb\u3011<\/th>Constituency established<\/em>\u3010\u9009\u533a\u6210\u7acb\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Succeeded by\u3010\u7ee7\u4efb\u3011<\/th>Tan See Leng<\/a> (PAP<\/a>)\u3010\u9648\u9521\u9675\uff08\u4eba\u6c11\u884c\u52a8\u515a\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Constituency<\/a>\u3010\u9009\u533a\u3011<\/th>Marine Parade SMC<\/a>\u3010\u9a6c\u6797\u767e\u5217\u5355\u8fb9\u8bae\u4f1a\u3011
(1976\u20131988)
Marine Parade GRC<\/a>\u3010\u9a6c\u6797\u767e\u5217\u96c6\u9009\u533a\u3011
(1988\u20132020)<\/td><\/tr>
Senior positions\u3010\u9ad8\u7ea7\u804c\u4f4d\u3011<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Chairman of the Monetary Authority of Singapore<\/a>\u3010\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u91d1\u878d\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3011
In office\u3010\u5728\u4efb\u3011\uff1a20 August 2004 \u2013 30 April 2011\u30102004\u5e748\u670820\u65e5 \u81f3 2011\u5e744\u670830\u65e5\u3011<\/strong><\/th><\/tr>
Preceded by\u3010\u524d\u4efb\u3011<\/th>\u674e\u663e\u9f99<\/a> \/ Lee Hsien Loong<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Succeeded by\u3010\u7ee7\u4efb\u3011<\/th>Tharman Shanmugaratnam<\/a>\u3010\u5c1a\u8fbe\u66fc\u3011<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Ministerial offices\u3010\u90e8\u957f\u804c\u4f4d\u3011<\/th><\/tr>
Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore<\/a>\u3010\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u526f\u603b\u7406\u3011<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
In office<\/strong>\u3010\u5728\u4efb\u3011\uff1a2 January 1985\u00a0\u2013 28 November 1990\u30101985\u5e741\u67082\u65e5\u81f31990\u5e7411\u670828\u65e5\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Serving with Ong Teng Cheong<\/a>\u3010\u4e0e\u738b\u9f0e\u660c\u5171\u4e8b\u3011<\/th><\/tr>
Preceded by\u3010\u524d\u4efb\u3011<\/th>Goh Keng Swee<\/a>\u3010\u5434\u5e86\u745e\u3011
S. Rajaratnam<\/a>\u3010\u62c9\u8d3e\u52d2\u5357\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Succeeded by\u3010\u7ee7\u4efb\u3011<\/th>\u674e\u663e\u9f99<\/a> \/ Lee Hsien Loong<\/a>
Tony Tan<\/a>\u3010\u9648\u5e86\u708e\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Minister for Defence<\/a>\u3010\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u957f\u3011<\/th><\/tr>
In office<\/strong>\u3010\u5728\u4efb\u3011\uff1a1 June 1982\u00a0\u2013 30 June 1991\u30101982\u5e746\u67081\u65e5\u81f31991\u5e746\u670830\u65e5\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Preceded by\u3010\u524d\u4efb\u3011<\/th>Howe Yoon Chong<\/a>\u3010\u9ec4\u5141\u4e2d\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Succeeded by\u3010\u7ee7\u4efb\u3011<\/th>Yeo Ning Hong<\/a><\/a>\u3010\u6768\u5b81\u9e3f\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Minister for Health<\/a>\u3010\u536b\u751f\u90e8\u957f\u3011<\/th><\/tr>
In office<\/strong>\u3010\u5728\u4efb\u3011<\/th>15 March 1979 \u2013 31 May 1981
\u30101979\u5e743\u670815\u65e5\u81f31981\u5e745\u670831\u65e5\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Preceded by\u3010\u524d\u4efb\u3011<\/th>Office established<\/em>\u3010\u804c\u4f4d\u521b\u7acb\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
Succeeded by\u3010\u7ee7\u4efb\u3011<\/th>Tony Tan<\/a>\u3010\u9648\u5e86\u708e\u3011<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d44\u6599 \/ Personal details<\/th><\/tr>
\u51fa\u751f<\/th>1941\u5e745\u670820\u65e5
<\/a> \u6d77\u5ce1\u6b96\u6c11\u5730<\/a>\u65b0\u52a0\u5761<\/a> \/ Singapore<\/a>, Strait Settlements<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u653f\u515a<\/th>\u4eba\u6c11\u884c\u52a8\u515a<\/a> \/ People’s Action Party<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Alma mater<\/a>\u3010\u6bcd\u6821\u3011<\/th>University of Singapore<\/a> (BA<\/a>)
Williams College<\/a> (MA<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr>
\u914d\u5076<\/th>\u9648\u5b50\u73b2<\/a>\uff081965\u5e74\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u4e13\u4e1a<\/th>\u5f8b\u5e08<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u5b50\u5973<\/th>2<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1. \u65e9\u5e74\u548c\u6559\u80b2 | Early life and education<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Goh was born in Singapore on 20 May 1941 to Goh Kah Choon and Quah Kwee Hwa, who hailed from the Minnan region<\/a> of Fujian province<\/a> in China. He has Chinese Hokkien<\/a> ancestry.[6]<\/a><\/sup> Goh studied at Raffles Institution<\/a> from 1955 to 1960. He was a very competitive swimmer in his younger days and was given the nickname “Bold”.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\u4e8e1941\u5e745\u670820\u65e5\u5728\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u51fa\u751f\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2Goh Kah Choon\u548c\u6bcd\u4eb2Quah Kwee Hwa\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u798f\u5efa\u7701\u95fd\u5357\u5730\u533a\u3002\u4ed6\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u798f\u5efa\u4eba\u7684\u8840\u7edf\u3002\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\u4ece1955\u5e74\u81f31960\u5e74\u5728\u83b1\u4f5b\u58eb\u4e66\u9662\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u5e74\u8f7b\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u6781\u5177\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u7684\u6e38\u6cf3\u9009\u624b\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u201cBold\u201d\u7684\u7ef0\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1955\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u8bfb\u4e8e\u5f53\u5730\u8457\u540d\u7684\u82f1\u6821\u83b1\u4f5b\u58eb\u4e66\u9662<\/a>\uff0c\u66fe\u662f\u83b1\u4f5b\u58eb\u4e66\u9662<\/a>\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff1b1961\u5e74\u8fdb\u5165\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u56fd\u7acb\u5927\u5b66<\/a>\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1964\u5e74\u83b7\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66<\/a>\u4e00\u7b49\u8363\u8a89\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u540c\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u4efb\u804c\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u30021966\u5e74\uff0c\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\u8d74\u7f8e\u56fd<\/a>\u5a01\u5ec9\u59c6\u65af\u5b66\u9662<\/a>\u6df1\u9020\uff0c\u83b7\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u56de\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4efb\u804c\u4e8e\u201c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u6d77\u7687\u8f6e\u8239\u516c\u53f8<\/a>\u201d\uff08\u73b0\u65f6\u4e3a\u6cd5\u56fd\u8fbe\u98de\u6d77\u8fd0\u96c6\u56e2<\/a>\u5b50\u516c\u53f8\uff09\uff0c1973\u5e74\u51fa\u4efb\u516c\u53f8\u8463\u4e8b\u7ecf\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Upon his graduation, Goh returned to Singapore to work in the government.[7]<\/a><\/sup> Goh’s dream of getting a PhD<\/a> was disrupted as the government would not transfer his bursary bond to the university, where he had signed on as a research fellow after graduation.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\uff0c\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\u56de\u5230\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\u653b\u8bfb\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\u56e0\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u613f\u5c06\u5176\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\u5951\u7ea6\u8f6c\u5230\u5927\u5b66\u800c\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u7b7e\u7ea6\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2015, Goh was awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws<\/a> degree by his alma mater<\/a>, the National University of Singapore, for his contributions to the country.[8]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112015\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6bcd\u6821\u2014\u2014\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u56fd\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u6388\u4e88\u4ed6\u8363\u8a89\u6cd5\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf | Career<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In 1969, Goh was seconded to the national shipping company Neptune Orient Lines<\/a> (NOL) as the company’s Planning and Projects Manager. His career advanced quickly and by 1973 he was the Managing Director. At NOL, Goh worked under the company’s founder, Muhammad Jalaluddin Sayeed<\/a>, with whom he maintained close ties.[9]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111969\u5e74\uff0c\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\u88ab\u501f\u8c03\u5230\u56fd\u5bb6\u822a\u8fd0\u516c\u53f8\u2014\u2014\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u6d77\u7687\u8f6e\u8239\u516c\u53f8<\/a>\uff08Neptune Orient Lines, NOL\uff09\uff0c\u62c5\u4efb\u89c4\u5212\u4e0e\u9879\u76ee\u7ecf\u7406\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u52301973\u5e74\u65f6\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u603b\u7ecf\u7406\u3002\u5728NOL\u5de5\u4f5c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\u5728\u5176\u521b\u59cb\u4ebaMuhammad Jalaluddin Sayeed\u624b\u4e0b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6daf | Political career<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the 1976 general election<\/a>, Goh, then 35, was elected as Member of Parliament<\/a> for Marine Parade SMC<\/a> as a People’s Action Party<\/a> (PAP) candidate. He was appointed as a Senior Minister of State<\/a>. In 1981, he was promoted to Minister for Trade and Industry<\/a> and later served in other appointments including Minister for Health<\/a> and Minister for Defence<\/a>.[10]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u57281976\u5e74\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u5927\u9009\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u65f635\u5c81\u7684\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u6c11\u884c\u52a8\u515a\uff08PAP\uff09\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u9a6c\u6797\u767e\u5217\u5355\u9009\u533a\uff08Marine Parade SMC\uff09\u7684\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u3002\u4ed6\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u653f\u52a1\u90e8\u957f\u30021981\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5347\u4efb\u4e3a\u8d38\u6613\u53ca\u5de5\u4e1a\u90e8\u957f\uff0c\u5e76\u540e\u6765\u62c5\u4efb\u8fc7\u5305\u62ec\u536b\u751f\u90e8\u957f\u548c\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u957f\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u804c\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Goh was tasked to organise the 1981 Anson SMC by-election which was a pivotal event in shaping his political sensibilities. Despite having been passed over as first assistant secretary-general by Tony Tan, Goh was asked to his surprise by Lee Kuan Yew to lead and organise the by-election, ostensibly because of Goh’s previous successful campaigns in organising the 1979 by-election at Anson SMC and the 1980 General Elections.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\u88ab\u59d4\u4ee5\u7ec4\u7ec71981\u5e74\u5b89\u68ee\u5355\u9009\u533a\uff08Anson SMC\uff09\u8865\u9009\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5851\u9020\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8bc6\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6b64\u524dTony Tan\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u52a9\u7406\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee4\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u674e\u5149\u8000\u5374\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u6765\u9886\u5bfc\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fd9\u6b21\u8865\u9009\uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\u4e4b\u524d\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec71979\u5e74\u5b89\u68ee\u5355\u9009\u533a\u8865\u9009\u548c1980\u5e74\u5927\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u529f\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Early on in the campaigning for the 1981 Anson SMC by-election, a chasm of leadership emerged as volunteers and older activists for the previous MP Devan Nair<\/a> departed along with the MP. The new PAP candidate was Pang Kim Hin<\/a>, who had difficulties connecting to the electorate as he had a reputation of being a “rich man’s son”, as the nephew of Old Guard minister Lim Kan San. Despite being a three-cornered fight, it was apparent that the main opposition candidate was J. B. Jeyaretnam<\/a>, who was a veteran opposition at the time, having previously came close in winning the seat at Telok Blangah Constituency<\/a>, which is of close proximity to Anson.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u57281981\u5e74\u5b89\u68ee\u5355\u9009\u533a\uff08Anson SMC\uff09\u8865\u9009\u7684\u7ade\u9009\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u524d\u4efb\u8bae\u5458Devan Nair\u79bb\u5f00\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u548c\u652f\u6301\u8005\u7684\u79bb\u53bb\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u9053\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u7684\u88c2\u75d5\u3002\u65b0\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u884c\u52a8\u515a\uff08PAP\uff09\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u4e3a\u5e9e\u91d1\u5174\uff08Pang Kim Hin\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u5bcc\u5bb6\u5b50\u5f1f\u201d\uff08\u56e0\u5176\u4e3a\u8001\u4e00\u4ee3\u90e8\u957f\u6797\u6839\u4e09\u7684\u4f84\u5b50\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u9009\u6c11\u4e2d\u96be\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6b64\u6b21\u9009\u4e3e\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u4e09\u65b9\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u663e\u7136\u662fJ. B. Jeyaretnam\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u5728\u90bb\u8fd1\u5b89\u68ee\u7684Telok Blangah\u9009\u533a\u51e0\u4e4e\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u5e2d\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rising costs of housing and upcoming public bus fares was a source of unhappiness among voters. PAP lost the Anson seat with a 37-point swing in just 10 months since the last general election, marking the first time since Independence that PAP had lost a seat. This watershed event prompted rumours within the PAP of the end of Goh’s political career.[11]<\/a><\/sup> While Lee Kuan Yew was worried that Goh lacked political sensitivity towards the electorate, as he failed to detect the possible loss of the seat and remained overconfident until very close to polling day, he did not blame Goh for the loss, as he reflected in his memoir From Third World to First<\/em>.
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4f4f\u623f\u6210\u672c\u4e0a\u5347\u548c\u5373\u5c06\u63d0\u9ad8\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6c7d\u8f66\u7968\u4ef7\u8ba9\u9009\u6c11\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002\u81ea\u4e0a\u6b21\u5927\u9009\u4ec510\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u884c\u52a8\u515a\u5728\u5b89\u68ee\u9009\u533a\u7684\u5e2d\u4f4d\u4e22\u5931\u4e8637\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u81ea\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u72ec\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\u4eba\u6c11\u884c\u52a8\u515a\u9996\u6b21\u5931\u53bb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e2d\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u5f0f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4eba\u6c11\u884c\u52a8\u515a\u5185\u5173\u4e8e\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6daf\u7ec8\u7ed3\u7684\u4f20\u8a00\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u674e\u5149\u8000\u62c5\u5fc3\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u9009\u6c11\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u654f\u611f\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u672a\u80fd\u5bdf\u89c9\u5230\u53ef\u80fd\u5931\u53bb\u5e2d\u4f4d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u4e14\u76f4\u5230\u6295\u7968\u65e5\u524d\u5915\u4ecd\u7136\u8fc7\u4e8e\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6b21\u5931\u5229\u800c\u8d23\u602a\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\u3002\u674e\u5149\u8000\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300a\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u300b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6b64\u6709\u6240\u53cd\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1985, Goh became Deputy Prime Minister<\/a> and began to assume the responsibility of the government in a carefully managed leadership transition. According to Lee Kuan Yew<\/a>, his preferred successor was Tony Tan<\/a>. However, Goh was selected by the second generation of PAP leaders that included Tony Tan and Ong Teng Cheong<\/a>; Lee accepted their decision.[7]<\/a>:\u200a114\u2013116\u200a<\/sup> However, during the 1988 National Day Rally, Lee Kuan Yew publicly discussed his preferred choice of successor to the nation \u2013 ranking Goh as his second below Tony Tan, and while praising his ‘faster mind’, criticized Goh’s indecisiveness and softer and consultative approach to leadership. This led to Goh feeling humiliated and astonished, as he recounted in his 2018 memoir, Tall Order: The Goh Chok Tong Story<\/em>.[11]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1985\u5e74\uff0c\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\u6210\u4e3a\u526f\u603b\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u5fc3\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u8fc7\u6e21\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f00\u59cb\u627f\u62c5\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u636e\u674e\u5149\u8000\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ed6\u9996\u9009\u7684\u63a5\u73ed\u4eba\u662fTony Tan\uff08\u9648\u5e86\u708e\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\u662f\u7531\u5305\u62ecTony Tan\uff08\u9648\u5e86\u708e\uff09\u548cOng Teng Cheong\uff08\u738b\u9f0e\u660c\uff09\u5728\u5185\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u4eba\u6c11\u884c\u52a8\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6311\u9009\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff1b\u674e\u5149\u8000\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u57281988\u5e74\u7684\u56fd\u5e86\u7fa4\u4f17\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u674e\u5149\u8000\u516c\u5f00\u5411\u56fd\u6c11\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u63a5\u73ed\u4eba\u9009\u2014\u2014\u5c06\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\u5217\u4e3a\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8eTony Tan\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4eba\u9009\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u867d\u7136\u8d5e\u626c\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u601d\u7ef4\u654f\u6377\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\u7684\u4f18\u67d4\u5be1\u65ad\u548c\u8f83\u4e3a\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u54a8\u8be2\u5f0f\u9886\u5bfc\u98ce\u683c\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\u611f\u5230\u5c48\u8fb1\u548c\u9707\u60ca\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u57282018\u5e74\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300aTall Order: The Goh Chok Tong Story\u300b\u4e2d\u6240\u56de\u5fc6\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.1 \u5c31\u4efb\u603b\u7406 | Prime Minister<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

On 28 November 1990, Goh succeeded Lee Kuan Yew<\/a> and became the second Prime Minister of Singapore. During the first year of Goh’s premiership, Lee remained as secretary-general of the PAP.[12]<\/a><\/sup> Lee also remained an influential member of Goh’s Cabinet<\/a>, holding the post of Senior Minister<\/a>. The 1991 general elections, the first electoral test for Goh, led to the party winning 61% of the popular vote, the all-time low for PAP since independence. Because of the drop in share of the popular vote, and losing an unprecedented four seats in Parliament to the opposition, Goh had to quell rumours about his potential resignation to the international news media. In 1992, Lee handed over the post of Secretary-General of the People’s Action Party<\/a> (PAP) to Goh, successfully completing the leadership transition.[1]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111990\u5e7411\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\u63a5\u66ff\u674e\u5149\u8000\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efb\u603b\u7406\u3002\u5728\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\u62c5\u4efb\u603b\u7406\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u674e\u5149\u8000\u4ecd\u62c5\u4efb\u4eba\u6c11\u884c\u52a8\u515a\u7684\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u3002\u674e\u5149\u8000\u4e5f\u662f\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\u5185\u9601\u4e2d\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff0c\u62c5\u4efb\u8d44\u6df1\u90e8\u957f\u30021991\u5e74\u7684\u5927\u9009\u662f\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u9009\u4e3e\u8003\u9a8c\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8be5\u515a\u8d62\u5f97\u4e8661%\u7684\u6709\u6548\u7968\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u81ea\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u72ec\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\u4eba\u6c11\u884c\u52a8\u515a\u5f97\u7968\u7387\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u70b9\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5f97\u7968\u7387\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53f2\u65e0\u524d\u4f8b\u5730\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u5e2d\u4f4d\u7ed9\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\uff0c\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5411\u56fd\u9645\u65b0\u95fb\u5a92\u4f53\u5e73\u606f\u6709\u5173\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u8f9e\u804c\u7684\u8c23\u8a00\u30021992\u5e74\uff0c\u674e\u5149\u8000\u5c06\u4eba\u6c11\u884c\u52a8\u515a\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u9886\u5bfc\u6743\u7684\u4ea4\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Goh’s Deputy Prime Ministers Lee Hsien Loong and Ong Teng Cheong were both diagnosed with cancer in 1992, which prompted the prime minister to call an by-election in his own constituency of Marine Parade in 1992, just over a year after the 1991 elections, citing the need for ‘political self-renewal’ and to get ‘ministerial calibre’ people to join the government. By calling the by-election, Goh became the first Prime Minister<\/a> of Singapore to vacate his seat to contest a by-election. The vacation also produced a real risk of Goh losing the premiership in the event the PAP lost. Teo Chee Hean, who is currently[when?<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup> one of the core leaders of the third generation of members of PAP and a Senior Minister, was one of the new politicians brought in to contest in the by-election.[citation needed<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup>. The PAP retained Marine Parade GRC with 72.9% of the popular vote, allowing Goh to continue on as Prime Minister, eventually for the next decade.
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As Prime Minister, Goh promised a more open-minded and consultative style of leadership than that of his predecessor. This greater openness extended also to the socio-economic spheres of life, for instance, in his support for the rise of “little bohemias” in Singapore, enclaves where more creativity and entrepreneurship could thrive.[13]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4f5c\u4e3a\u603b\u7406\uff0c\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\u627f\u8bfa\u91c7\u53d6\u6bd4\u524d\u4efb\u66f4\u52a0\u5f00\u660e\u548c\u534f\u5546\u5f0f\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u98ce\u683c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u4e5f\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u652f\u6301\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u201c\u5c0f\u6ce2\u897f\u7c73\u4e9a\u201d\uff08little bohemias\uff09\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u521b\u610f\u548c\u521b\u4e1a\u7cbe\u795e\u80fd\u591f\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u533a\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Goh’s administration introduced several major policies and policy institutions, including:
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5434\u4f5c\u680b\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u91cd\u5927\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n