{"id":4391,"date":"2024-10-14T21:44:13","date_gmt":"2024-10-14T13:44:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=4391"},"modified":"2025-01-30T21:54:21","modified_gmt":"2025-01-30T13:54:21","slug":"south-africa-fulltext-zhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2024\/10\/14\/south-africa-fulltext-zhen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5357\u975e \/ South Africa -\uff08\u5168\u6587\uff09\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u878d\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\u5173\u4e8e\u8fbd\u89c2\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u642c\u8fd0\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5df2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\uff0c\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a<\/a>\u3002\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff08Wikipedia\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8bd1\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\u8fbd\u89c2\u6240\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e00\u9053\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167\u7248\u672c<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u548c\u89c6\u9891\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

0. \u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u56fe0-1\u81f30-4\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

0.1 \u6587\u5b57\u8bf4\u660e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5357\u975e\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/strong>\uff08\u963f\u975e\u5229\u5361\u8bed<\/a>\uff1aRepubliek van Suid-Afrika [r\u025bp\u0275\u02c8blik fan s\u0259it\u02c8afrik\u0251\u02d0]<\/a>\uff1b\u82f1\u8bed\uff1aRepublic of South Africa\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u79f0\u5357\u975e<\/strong>\uff08\u963f\u975e\u5229\u5361\u8bed<\/a>\uff1aSuid-Afrika [s\u0259it\u02c8afrik\u0251\u02d0]<\/a> \uff08<\/a>\u24d8<\/a><\/sup>\uff09\uff1b\u82f1\u8bed\uff1aSouth Africa\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u975e\u6d32\u5357\u7aef<\/a>\u3001\u5357\u5927\u897f\u6d0b<\/a>\u4e0e\u5357\u5370\u5ea6\u6d0b<\/a>\u4ea4\u4f1a\u5904\u7684\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>[10]<\/a>[11]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u56fd\u571f\u9762\u79ef<\/a>\u8d85\u8fc7122\u4e07\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc[10]<\/a>[12]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c24\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6<\/a>\uff0c\u5728\u5357\u90e8\u6cbf\u7740\u5357\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u4e0e\u5357\u5370\u5ea6\u6d0b\u5ef6\u4f38\u7684\u6d77\u5cb8\u7ebf<\/a>\u957f\u8fbe2,798\u516c\u91cc[11]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u897f\u90e8\u6bd7\u90bb\u7eb3\u7c73\u6bd4\u4e9a<\/a>\u3001\u5317\u90e8\u63a5\u58e4\u535a\u8328\u74e6\u7eb3<\/a>\u53ca\u6d25\u5df4\u5e03\u97e6<\/a>\u3001\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u90bb\u63a5\u83ab\u6851\u6bd4\u514b<\/a>\u53ca\u65af\u5a01\u58eb\u5170<\/a>[11]<\/a>[13]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u201c\u56fd\u4e2d\u56fd<\/a>\u201d\u83b1\u7d22\u6258<\/a>\u5219\u5728\u5357\u975e\u5883\u5185\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u98de\u5730<\/a>[11]<\/a>[13]<\/a>[14]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u552f\u4e00\u62e5\u6709\u4e09\u9996\u90fd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6[10]<\/a>[13]<\/a>[15]<\/a>[16]<\/a>[17]<\/a><\/sup>\uff1a\u884c\u653f<\/a>\u9996\u90fd\uff08\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u6240\u5728\u5730\uff09\u4e3a\u6bd4\u52d2\u9640\u5229\u4e9a<\/a>\u3001\u7acb\u6cd5<\/a>\u9996\u90fd\uff08\u56fd\u4f1a<\/a>\u6240\u5728\u5730\uff09\u4e3a\u5f00\u666e\u6566<\/a>\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5<\/a>\u9996\u90fd\uff08\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662<\/a>\u6240\u5728\u5730\uff09\u4e3a\u5e03\u9686\u65b9\u4e39<\/a>[10]<\/a>[13]<\/a>[16]<\/a>[17]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5927\u4f7f\u9986<\/a>\u5747\u8bbe\u5728\u884c\u653f\u9996\u90fd\u6bd4\u52d2\u9640\u5229\u4e9a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a<\/a>\u516c\u8ba4\u5176\u4e3a\u5357\u975e\u7684\u9996\u90fd[18]<\/a>[19]<\/a>[20]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u5357\u975e\u6700\u5927\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5219\u4e3a\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5185\u65af\u5821<\/a>[10]<\/a>[21]<\/a>[22]<\/a>[23]<\/a>[24]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u5176\u4ea6\u662f\u6492\u54c8\u62c9\u6c99\u6f20\u4ee5\u5357\u975e\u6d32<\/a>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u4ee5\u53ca\u975e\u6d32\u7b2c\u4e09\u5927\u57ce\u5e02<\/a>[25]<\/a>[2017\u5e74\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5185\u65af\u5821\u90fd\u4f1a\u533a\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u4e3a13,100,000\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u91d1\u6c99\u8428\uff0d\u5e03\u62c9\u67f4\u7ef4\u5c14\u90fd\u4f1a\u533a\u768412,850,000\u4eba\u3002]<\/sup>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u662f\u975e\u6d32\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e16\u754c<\/a>\u4e0a\u79cd\u65cf<\/a>\u53ca\u6587\u5316<\/a>\u6700\u591a\u5143\u5316<\/a>\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00[15]<\/a>[26]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u8d85\u8fc76,060\u4e07\u4eba\u53e3<\/a>[4]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11<\/a>\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba<\/a>\u53ca\u6709\u8272\u4eba<\/a>\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e\u6bd4\u4f8b\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6<\/a>\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Archaeological findings<\/a> suggest that various hominid species existed in South Africa about 2.5 million years ago and modern humans<\/a> inhabited the region over 100,000 years ago. The first known people were the indigenous Khoisan<\/a>, and Bantu-speaking peoples<\/a> from West and Central Africa later settled<\/a> in the region in the early centuries CE<\/a>(i.e.2000 years). In 1652, the Dutch established the first European settlement at Table Bay<\/a>, and in 1795 and 1806, the British occupied<\/a> it. Diamonds and gold were discovered<\/a> in the 19th century, bringing a shift towards industrialisation and urbanisation. The Union of South Africa<\/a> was created<\/a> in 1910 out of the former Cape<\/a>, Natal<\/a>, Transvaal<\/a>, and Orange River<\/a> colonies. Though a system of non-racial franchise had existed<\/a> in the Cape, it was gradually eroded, and the vast majority of Black South Africans were not enfranchised<\/a> until 1994. During the 20th century, the black majority sought to claim more rights from the dominant white minority, which played a large role in the country’s recent history<\/a> and politics. The National Party<\/a> imposed apartheid<\/a> in 1948, institutionalising previous racial segregation<\/a>. After a largely non-violent struggle<\/a> by the African National Congress<\/a> and other anti-apartheid activists both inside and outside the country, the repeal of discriminatory laws began in the mid-1980s. Universal elections<\/a> took place in 1994<\/a>, following which, all racial groups have held political representation in the country’s liberal democracy<\/a>, which comprises a parliamentary republic<\/a> and nine provinces<\/a>. According to the V-Dem Democracy Indices<\/a>, it is ranked the 53rd electoral democracy worldwide and the third in Africa<\/a>.[19]<\/a><\/sup>
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Today, about 80% of the population are Black South Africans<\/a>.[6]<\/a><\/sup> The remaining population consists of Africa’s largest communities of multiracial, European, and Asian ancestry (Coloured<\/a>, White<\/a>, Indian<\/a>, and Chinese South Africans<\/a>, respectively). South Africa is a multi-ethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures<\/a>, languages<\/a>, and religions<\/a>. Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the Constitution<\/a>‘s recognition of 12 official languages, the fourth-highest number in the world.[16]<\/a><\/sup> According to the 2022 census<\/a>, the two most-spoken first languages are Zulu<\/a> (24.4%) and Xhosa<\/a> (16.3%), which are both of the Nguni branch<\/a>. The third and fifth are of European origin: Afrikaans<\/a> (10.6%), developed from Dutch<\/a>, serves as the first language of most Coloured and White South Africans, while English<\/a> (8.7%) reflects the legacy of British colonialism<\/a> and is commonly used in public and commercial life. South Africa is often referred to as the “rainbow nation<\/a>” to describe the country’s multicultural diversity, especially in the wake of apartheid.[20]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u7ea6\u670980%\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u4e3a\u5357\u975e\u9ed1\u4eba\u3002[6]\u5176\u4f59\u4eba\u53e3\u5219\u662f\u7531\u975e\u6d32\u6700\u5927\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u88d4\u548c\u4e9a\u6d32\u88d4\u7fa4\u4f53\uff08\u5206\u522b\u79f0\u4e3a\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u79cd\u3001\u767d\u4eba\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u88d4\u5357\u975e\u4eba\u548c\u534e\u88d4\u5357\u975e\u4eba\uff09\u6784\u6210\u3002\u5357\u975e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u5176\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u6784\u6210\u5728\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u5baa\u6cd5\u627f\u8ba412\u79cd\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u6570\u91cf\u7b2c\u56db\u591a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002[16]\u6839\u636e2022\u5e74\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u6570\u6700\u591a\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u6bcd\u8bed\u662f\u7956\u9c81\u8bed\uff0824.4%\uff09\u548c\u79d1\u8428\u8bed\uff0816.3%\uff09\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6069\u53e4\u5c3c\u8bed\u652f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u548c\u7b2c\u4e94\u79cd\u5219\u6e90\u81ea\u6b27\u6d32\uff1a\u963f\u975e\u5229\u5361\u8bed\uff0810.6%\uff09\u6e90\u81ea\u8377\u5170\u8bed\uff0c\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5357\u975e\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u79cd\u548c\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u6bcd\u8bed\uff0c\u800c\u82f1\u8bed\uff088.7%\uff09\u5219\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u5728\u516c\u5171\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5357\u975e\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5f69\u8679\u4e4b\u56fd\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u8be5\u56fd\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u7684\u6587\u5316\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002[20]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u591a\u5143\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u6597\u4e89<\/a>\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5357\u975e\u5386\u53f2<\/a>\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb<\/a>\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5360\u5357\u975e\u4eba\u53e3\u5c11\u6570\u7684\u767d\u4eba<\/a>\u4e0e\u5360\u591a\u6570\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba<\/a>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u51b2\u7a81\u4e00\u76f4\u4e3b\u5bb0\u8457\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5357\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u65e9\u5728\u8377\u5170\u7edf\u6cbb<\/a>\u65f6\uff0c\u8377\u88d4\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u963f\u975e\u5229\u5361\u4eba<\/a>\u5c31\u5df2\u900f\u8fc7\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7acb\u6cd5\u6765\u8bd5\u56fe\u7ef4\u6301\u6b27\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u7edf\u6cbb<\/a>[27]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0e\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5229\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u5c55\u5f00\u6f2b\u957f\u800c\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u6597\u4e89[28]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u57281948\u5e74\u5927\u9009<\/a>\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a<\/a>\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u653f\uff0c\u963f\u975e\u5229\u5361\u4eba\u66f4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb<\/a>\u5236\u5ea6[13]<\/a><\/sup>[28]<\/a><\/sup>[29]<\/a><\/sup>[30]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u57281948\u5e74\u81f31990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u65f6\u671f<\/a>\u4e2d\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0e\u6597\u4e89\u8fbe\u5230\u9876\u5cf0[28]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u767d\u4eba\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u670920%\u767d\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u652f\u6301<\/a>\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u5916\u6765\u7684\u538b\u529b<\/a>\u5219\u662f\u6700\u7ec8\u4f7f\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00[28]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4ece1990\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u9010\u6e10\u5e9f\u9664\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u53d8\u5316\u5374\u662f\u4ee5\u76f8\u5bf9\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684[26]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u662f\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u4ee5\u81f3\u5176\u4ed6\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6<\/a>\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u653f\u53d8<\/a>\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u30021993\u5e74\u7684\u591a\u515a\u8c08\u5224\u4f1a\u8bae<\/a>\u4fc3\u4f7f\u65b0\u7684\u5357\u975e\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u5236\u5b9a\u4e0e\u5b9e\u65bd\u62e5\u6709\u575a\u5b9e\u4eba\u6743<\/a>\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5<\/a>[31]<\/a><\/sup>[32]<\/a><\/sup>[33]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u73b0\u4eca\u7684\u5357\u975e\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u5f69\u8679\u4e4b\u56fd<\/a><\/strong>\u201d[34]<\/a>[35]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u6700\u521d\u662f\u7531\u5f00\u666e\u6566\u5723\u516c\u4f1a<\/a>\u7684\u524d\u4efb\u5927\u4e3b\u6559<\/a>\u5fb7\u65af\u8499\u5fb7\u00b7\u675c\u56fe<\/a>\u6784\u601d[10]<\/a>[36]<\/a>[37]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u7531\u65f6\u4efb\u5357\u975e\u603b\u7edf<\/a>\u7eb3\u5c14\u900a\u00b7\u66fc\u5fb7\u62c9<\/a>\u6240\u63a8\u5e7f\uff0c\u8c61\u5f81\u5357\u975e\u7ec8\u6b62\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u601d\u60f3\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u4ee5\u53ca\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6587\u5316\u591a\u6837\u6027<\/a>[38]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u671f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u540c\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f8e\u4e3d\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u56fd\u5ea6\u4e4b\u4e2d[36]<\/a>[37]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u662f\u9996\u4e2a\u3001\u4e5f\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u552f\u4e00[\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u89e3\u4f53\u540e\uff0c\u767d\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u3001\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u65af\u5766\u53ca\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u7b49\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4ecd\u7ee7\u7eed\u62e5\u6709\u6838\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06\u9886\u571f\u5185\u7684\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed9\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u3002\u4f46\u4e25\u683c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u662f\u7531\u82cf\u8054\u6240\u7814\u53d1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u884c\u7814\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5357\u975e\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u81ea\u884c\u53d1\u5c55\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u540e\u81ea\u613f\u6467\u6bc1\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002]<\/sup>\u81ea\u884c\u53d1\u5c55\u6838\u6b66\u5668<\/a>\u540e\u81ea\u613f\u6467\u6bc1\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6<\/a>[39]<\/a>[40]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5357\u975e\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c33\u5927\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53<\/a>[7]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u4e3a\u975e\u6d32\u7ecf\u6d4e\u89c4\u6a21\u6700\u5927\u3001\u6700\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00[13]<\/a>[41]<\/a>[42]<\/a>[43]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u5e76\u62e5\u6709\u5168\u975e\u6d32\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6c34\u5e73\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316<\/a>\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd<\/a>\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u662f\u975e\u6d32\u552f\u4e00\u638c\u63e1\u4eba\u9020\u536b\u661f<\/a>\u64cd\u4f5c\u6280\u672f\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6[44]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u5357\u975e\u53d1\u5c55\u8f83\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u826f\u597d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u5219\u4e3a\u5176\u62e5\u6709\u975e\u6d32\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u77ff\u4ea7\u8d44\u6e90<\/a>\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u91d1\u77ff<\/a>\u4e0e\u94bb\u77f3<\/a>[45]<\/a>[46]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u7b49\u5f3a\u56fd<\/a>[47]<\/a>[48]<\/a>[49]<\/a>[50]<\/a>[51]<\/a>[52]<\/a><\/sup>\u53ca\u975e\u6d32\u5730\u57df\u5927\u56fd<\/a>[53]<\/a>[54]<\/a>[55]<\/a>[56]<\/a>[57]<\/a>[58]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u4ea6\u662f\u8054\u5408\u56fd<\/a>[59]<\/a>[60]<\/a><\/sup>\u3001\u4e16\u884c\u96c6\u56e2<\/a>\u3001\u4e16\u8d38\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/a>\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u8d27\u5e01\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/a>\u3001\u82f1\u8054\u90a6<\/a>\u3001\u5357\u540c\u76df<\/a>\u3001\u5357\u5171\u4f53<\/a>\u3001\u73af\u5370\u8054\u76df<\/a>\u521b\u59cb\u56fd\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ed3\u76df\u8fd0\u52a8<\/a>\u3001\u91d1\u7816\u4e94\u56fd<\/a>\u3001\u4e8c\u5341\u56fd\u96c6\u56e2<\/a>\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u5357\u975e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u5448\u73b0\u653e\u7f13\u8ff9\u8c61[61]<\/a>[62]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5176\u540e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72b6\u51b5\u6709\u6240\u597d\u8f6c[63]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u57fa\u7840\u3001\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u7b49\u5747\u4f4d\u5c45\u975e\u6d32\u524d\u8305[64]<\/a>[65]<\/a>[66]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u4e14\u8fdc\u8fdc\u629b\u79bb\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6[43]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5960\u57fa\u4e8e\u5357\u975e\u4ece1942\u5e74\u52301982\u5e74\u768440\u5e74\u95f4[\u53e6\u4e00\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e3a\u4ece1932\u5e74\u52301972\u5e74\u768440\u5e74\u95f4\u3002]<\/sup>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u9ad8\u589e\u957f\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c<\/a>\u5c06\u5357\u975e\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e2d\u9ad8\u6536\u5165\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u53ca\u65b0\u5174\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u56fd\u5bb6<\/a>[67]<\/a>[68]<\/a><\/sup>\u30022022\u5e74\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u7684\u4eba\u5747\u56fd\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c<\/a>\u4f9d\u56fd\u9645\u6c47\u7387<\/a>\u53ef\u5151\u6362\u62106,979\u7f8e\u5143[7]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u6309\u8d2d\u4e70\u529b\u5e73\u4ef7<\/a>\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u4eba\u5747\u56fd\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\u53ef\u5151\u6362\u621015,361\u7f8e\u5143[7]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u800c\u4eba\u5747\u56fd\u6c11\u6536\u5165<\/a>\u8fbe6,080\u7f8e\u5143\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u4ea6\u7ef4\u6301\u5728\u4e2d\u7b49\u6c34\u5e73[69]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u6307\u6570<\/a>\u5219\u5904\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u884c\u5217[9]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

South Africa is a middle power<\/a> in international affairs; it maintains significant regional influence<\/a> and is a member of BRICS<\/a>, the African Union<\/a>, SADC<\/a>, SACU<\/a>, the Commonwealth of Nations<\/a>, and the G20<\/a>.[21]<\/a>[22]<\/a><\/sup> A developing<\/a>, newly industrialised country<\/a>, South Africa has the largest<\/a> economy in Africa and the 38th largest in the world<\/a> by nominal GDP<\/a>;[23]<\/a>[24]<\/a><\/sup> it ranks 110th on the Human Development Index<\/a>, the 7th highest on the continent. South Africa is the only African nation to legislate same-sex marriage<\/a>.[25]<\/a><\/sup> It is tied with Ethiopia<\/a> for the most UNESCO World Heritage Sites<\/a> in Africa,[26]<\/a><\/sup> and is a biodiversity hotspot<\/a>, with unique biomes<\/a>, plant and animal life. Since the end of apartheid<\/a>, government accountability and quality of life have substantially improved.[27]<\/a><\/sup> However, crime<\/a>, poverty, and inequality<\/a> remain widespread, with about 40% of the total population being unemployed as of 2021,[28]<\/a><\/sup> while some 60% of the population lived below the poverty line and a quarter lived below $2.15 a day.[29]<\/a>[30]<\/a>[31]<\/a><\/sup> Having the highest Gini coefficient<\/a> of 63.0, South Africa is considered to be one of, if not the most, unequal countries in the world.[32]<\/a>[33]<\/a><\/sup>
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5357\u975e\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u7b49\u5f3a\u56fd\uff1b\u5b83\u5728\u5730\u533a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u662f\u91d1\u7816\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u975e\u6d32\u8054\u76df\u3001\u5357\u90e8\u975e\u6d32\u53d1\u5c55\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u3001\u5357\u975e\u5173\u7a0e\u540c\u76df\u3001\u82f1\u8054\u90a6\u548c\u4e8c\u5341\u56fd\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002[21][22]\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u5174\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\uff08\u6309\u540d\u4e49\u8ba1\u7b97\uff09\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u6700\u5927\uff0c\u5c45\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c38\u4f4d\uff1b[23][24]\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u6307\u6570\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u7b2c110\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e03\u3002\u5357\u975e\u662f\u975e\u6d32\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06\u540c\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002[25]\u5b83\u4e0e\u57c3\u585e\u4fc4\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5e76\u5217\u62e5\u6709\u975e\u6d32\u6700\u591a\u7684\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e16\u754c\u9057\u4ea7\u5730\uff0c[26]\u662f\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u70ed\u70b9\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7fa4\u843d\u3001\u690d\u7269\u548c\u52a8\u7269\u3002\u81ea\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u5236\u5ea6\u7ed3\u675f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u95ee\u8d23\u5236\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8d28\u91cf\u90fd\u6709\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002[27]\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u3001\u8d2b\u56f0\u548c\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u73b0\u8c61\u4ecd\u7136\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u622a\u81f32021\u5e74\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u7ea6\u670940%\u7684\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u5904\u4e8e\u5931\u4e1a\u72b6\u6001\uff0c[28]\u7ea660%\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u8d2b\u56f0\u7ebf\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6bcf\u5929\u751f\u6d3b\u8d39\u4e0d\u8db32.15\u7f8e\u5143\u3002[29][30][31]\u5357\u975e\u7684\u57fa\u5c3c\u7cfb\u6570\u9ad8\u8fbe63.0\uff0c\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u6216\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002[32][33]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0.2 \u6982\u51b5\u8868\u683c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u88681\uff1a\u57fa\u672c\u56fd\u60c5<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u683c\u8a00\uff1a<\/strong>“!ke e: \u01c0xarra \u01c1ke”\uff08\u5361\u59c6\u8bed<\/a>\uff09\u201c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u201d<\/small>[2]<\/a>[\u6216\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u6b8a\u9014\u540c\u5f52\u201d\u3002]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56fd\u6b4c\uff1a<\/strong>“Nasionale Lied van Suid-Afrika<\/a>” \u300a\u5357\u975e\u56fd\u6b4c\u300b<\/a>\u65f6\u957f\uff1a2\u52063\u79d2\u30022:03<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9996\u90fd<\/th>\u6bd4\u52d2\u9640\u5229\u4e9a<\/a>\uff08\u884c\u653f\uff09
25\u00b044\u203246\u2033S 28\u00b011\u203217\u2033E<\/a><\/small>\u5f00\u666e\u6566<\/a>\uff08\u7acb\u6cd5\uff09
33\u00b055\u203231\u2033S 18\u00b025\u203226\u2033E<\/a><\/small>\u5e03\u9686\u65b9\u4e39<\/a>\uff08\u53f8\u6cd5\uff09
29\u00b007\u2032S 26\u00b013\u2032E<\/a><\/small><\/td><\/tr>
\u6700\u5927\u57ce\u5e02<\/th>\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5185\u65af\u5821<\/a>[3]<\/a><\/sup>
26\u00b012\u203216\u2033S 28\u00b02\u203244\u2033E<\/a><\/small><\/td><\/tr>
\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00<\/th>11\u79cd\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00[\u79d1\u5c14\u8bed<\/a>\u3001\u7eb3\u9a6c\u8bed<\/a>\u4e0e\u79d1\u4f0a\u6851\u8bed\u7cfb<\/a>\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5357\u975e\u624b\u8bed<\/a>\u3001\u5fb7\u8bed<\/a>\u3001\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed<\/a>\u3001\u53e4\u5409\u62c9\u7279\u8bed<\/a>\u3001\u5370\u5730\u8bed<\/a>\u3001\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8bed<\/a>\u3001\u6cf0\u5362\u56fa\u8bed<\/a>\u3001\u6cf0\u7c73\u5c14\u8bed<\/a>\u3001\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed<\/a>\u3001\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bed<\/a>\u3001\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed<\/a>\u3001\u68b5\u8bed<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5728\u5357\u975e\u201c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b97\u6559\u7528\u9014\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u7279\u522b\u5730\u4f4d\uff08\u300a\u5357\u975e\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u7b2c\u516d\u6761<\/a>\uff09\u3002]<\/sup>
\u5357\u975e\u8bed<\/a>
\u82f1\u8bed<\/a>
\u5357\u6069\u5fb7\u8d1d\u83b1\u8bed<\/a>
\u5317\u7d22\u6258\u8bed<\/a>
\u5357\u7d22\u6258\u8bed<\/a>
\u65af\u5a01\u58eb\u8bed<\/a>
\u806a\u52a0\u8bed<\/a>
\u8328\u74e6\u7eb3\u8bed<\/a>
\u6587\u8fbe\u8bed<\/a>
\u79d1\u8428\u8bed<\/a>
\u7956\u9c81\u8bed<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00<\/td>9\u79cd\u5730\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00<\/a>
\u8377\u5170\u8bed<\/a>
\u53e4\u5409\u62c9\u7279\u8bed<\/a>
\u5370\u5730\u8bed<\/a>
\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed<\/a>
\u5317\u6069\u5fb7\u8d1d\u83b1\u8bed<\/a>
\u666e\u5730\u8bed<\/a>
\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8bed<\/a>
\u6cf0\u7c73\u5c14\u8bed<\/a>
\u6cf0\u5362\u56fa\u8bed<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u65cf\u7fa4<\/a>\uff082022\u5e74[4]<\/a><\/sup>\uff09<\/td>81.0% \u9ed1\u4eba<\/a>8.8% \u6709\u8272\u4eba<\/a>7.7% \u767d\u4eba<\/a>2.6% \u4e9a\u88d4<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Religion\u3010\u5b97\u6559\u3011 (2022)[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>85.3% Christianity<\/a> \/ \u57fa\u7763\u5b97\u6559<\/a>
7.8% traditional faiths<\/a> \/ \u975e\u6d32\u4f20\u7edf\u5b97\u6559<\/a>
3.1% no religion<\/a> \/ \u65e0\u5b97\u6559<\/a>
1.6% Islam<\/a> \/ \u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559<\/a>
1.1% Hinduism<\/a> \/ \u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559<\/a>
1.1% other<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u88682\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u8fbd\u89c2\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u642c\u8fd0\u3001\u6574\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u653f\u5e9c<\/a><\/th>\u5355\u4e00<\/a>\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236<\/a>[\u9009\u4e3e\u884c\u653f\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u7531\u603b\u7edf\u638c\u63e1\u5b9e\u6743\u3002]<\/sup>\u5baa\u653f\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 \u603b\u7edf<\/a><\/th>\u897f\u91cc\u5c14\u00b7\u62c9\u9a6c\u798f\u8428<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 \u526f\u603b\u7edf<\/a><\/th>\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7\u9a6c\u6bd4\u8428<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 \u5168\u56fd\u7701\u52a1\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d<\/a><\/th>\u963f\u83ab\u65af\u00b7\u9a6c\u6851\u591a<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 \u56fd\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a\u8bae\u957f<\/a><\/th>\u8bfa\u897f\u7ef4\u97e6\u00b7\u9a6c\u76ae\u8428\u2013\u6069\u5361\u5e93\u62c9<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 \u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98<\/a><\/th>\u96f7\u8499\u5fb7\u00b7\u5b97\u591a<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784<\/th>\u8bae\u4f1a<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 \u4e0a\u8bae\u9662<\/a><\/th>\u5168\u56fd\u7701\u52a1\u4f1a<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 \u4e0b\u8bae\u9662<\/a><\/th>\u56fd\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u73b0\u5f79\u519b\u4eba<\/a><\/th>78,707\uff082014\u5e74\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u72ec\u7acb<\/a> \uff08\u81ea\u82f1\u56fd<\/a>\uff09<\/th><\/tr>
\u2022 \u8054\u90a6<\/a><\/th>1910\u5e745\u670831\u65e5<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 \u81ea\u6cbb\u9886<\/a><\/th>1931\u5e7412\u670811\u65e5<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 \u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a><\/th>1961\u5e745\u670831\u65e5<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 \u5e9f\u9664\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u7acb\u6cd5<\/a><\/th>1991\u5e746\u670817\u65e5<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 \u6c11\u4e3b\u5316<\/a><\/th>1994\u5e744\u670827\u65e5<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 \u73b0\u884c\u5baa\u6cd5<\/a><\/th>1997\u5e742\u67084\u65e5<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u88683\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u9762\u79ef<\/a><\/th><\/tr>
\u2022 \u603b\u8ba1<\/th>1,221,037\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff08\u7b2c24\u540d<\/a>\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 \u6c34\u57df\u7387<\/th>0.380%<\/td><\/tr>
\u4eba\u53e3<\/th><\/tr>
\u2022 2022<\/a> census\u30102022\u5e74\u666e\u67e5\u3011<\/th>62,027,503[8]<\/a><\/sup> (23rd<\/a> \u4e16\u754c\u7b2c23\u540d)<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 2011\u5e74\u666e\u67e5<\/th>51,770,560[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 \u5bc6\u5ea6<\/th>42.4\/\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff08\u7b2c169\u540d<\/a>\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
GDP<\/a>\uff08PPP<\/a> \u8d2d\u4e70\u529b\u5e73\u4ef7\uff09<\/th>2024 estimate\u30102024\u5e74\u4f30\u8ba1\u503c\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 \u603b\u8ba1<\/th>\"Increase\" $1.026 trillion[9]<\/a><\/sup> (32nd<\/a>)
\u30101.026\u4e07\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff08\u7b2c32\u4f4d\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 \u4eba\u5747<\/th>\"Increase\" $16,423[9]<\/a><\/sup> (95th<\/a>)\u301016423\u7f8e\u5143\uff08\u7b2c95\u4f4d\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
GDP<\/a>\uff08\u56fd\u9645\u6c47\u7387\uff09<\/th>2024 estimate\u30102024\u5e74\u4f30\u8ba1\u503c\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 \u603b\u8ba1<\/th>\"Decrease\" $373.233 billion[9]<\/a><\/sup> (38th<\/a>)
\u30103732.33\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff08\u7b2c38\u4f4d\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 \u4eba\u5747<\/th>\"Decrease\" $5,975[9]<\/a><\/sup> (98th<\/a>)\u30105975\u7f8e\u5143\uff08\u7b2c98\u4f4d\uff09\u3011<\/td><\/tr>
\u57fa\u5c3c\u7cfb\u6570<\/a><\/th>\u25bc 0.63[8]<\/a><\/sup>\uff082014\u5e74\uff09
\u6781\u9ad8<\/td><\/tr>
\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u6307\u6570<\/a>\uff082022\uff09<\/th>\"Increase\" 0.717[11]<\/a><\/sup>
\u9ad8 \u00b7 \u7b2c110\u540d<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u8d27\u5e01<\/th>\u5357\u975e\u5170\u7279<\/a>\uff08R\uff09\uff08ZAR<\/a>\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u65f6\u533a<\/th>UTC<\/a>+2\uff08\u5357\u975e\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u95f4<\/a>\uff09
\uff08\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6\u95f4<\/a>\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u65e5\u671f\u683c\u5f0f<\/th>dd-mm-yyyy\u53cayyyy-mm-dd<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 \u5386\u6cd5<\/a><\/th>\u516c\u5386<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u884c\u9a76\u65b9\u4f4d<\/a><\/th>\u9760\u5de6\u884c\u9a76<\/td><\/tr>
\u7535\u8bdd\u533a\u53f7<\/th>+27<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
ISO 3166\u7801<\/a><\/th>ZA<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u9876\u7ea7\u57df<\/a><\/th>.za<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
\u7f51\u7ad9<\/strong> www.gov.za<\/a><\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1. \u56fd\u540d<\/span> | Etymology<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u5357\u975e\u56fd\u540d<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

See also: List of official names of South Africa<\/a>\u3010\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u5357\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u540d\u79f0\u5217\u8868\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u5357\u975e\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u6765\u81ea\u5357\u975e\u5904\u4e8e\u975e\u6d32\u5357\u7aef\u7684\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/a>\u3002\u4ece1910\u5e74\u5357\u975e\u8054\u90a6<\/a>\u6210\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u201cSouth Africa\u201d\uff08\u5357\u975e\uff09\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5357\u975e\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u7b80\u79f0\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u5357\u975e\u7684\u7edf\u4e00<\/a>\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u56db\u4e2a\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u5730<\/a>\u3002\u81ea1961\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u5b98\u65b9\u540d\u79f0<\/a>\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u201cRepublic of South Africa\u201d\uff08\u5357\u975e\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8377\u5170\u8bed<\/a>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5357\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5176\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u56fd\u540d\u4e3a\u201cRepubliek van Zuid-Afrika\u201d\uff08\u5357\u975e\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff09\uff1b1983\u5e74\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u8bed<\/a>\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u4ee3\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5730\u4f4d[<\/span>70]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u5176\u5357\u975e\u8bed\u56fd\u540d\u4e3a\u201cRepubliek van Suid-Afrika\u201d\uff08\u5357\u975e\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff09\u3002\u4ece1994\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u768411\u79cd\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u540d\u79f0[<\/span>71]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\u3002
\u201cMzansi\u201d\u6e90\u81ea\u79d1\u8428\u8bed<\/a>\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u5357\u65b9<\/a>\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u5357\u975e\u7684\u4fd7\u540d<\/a>[<\/span>72]<\/span><\/a>[<\/span>73]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u6cdb\u975e\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u515a<\/a>\u5219\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u963f\u624e\u5c3c\u4e9a<\/a>\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u8bed[<\/span>74]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u5386\u53f2 | History<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Main article: History of South Africa<\/a> \/ \u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u5357\u975e\u5386\u53f2<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1 \u53f2\u524d\u8003\u53e4\u5b66 | Prehistoric archaeology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u56fe2-1\u548c2-2\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u5357\u975e\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u8003\u53e4<\/a>\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b<\/a>\u5316\u77f3<\/a>\u9057\u5740[10]<\/a>[75]<\/a>[76]<\/a>[77]<\/a>[78]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u5bb6<\/a>\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ece\u8c6a\u767b\u7701<\/a>\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6d1e\u7a74\u4e2d\u56de\u6536\u5927\u91cf\u5316\u77f3<\/a>\u53ca\u9057\u9ab8<\/a>\u3002\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/a>\u5c06\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u5217\u4e3a\u5357\u975e\u4e16\u754c\u9057\u4ea7<\/a>\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u6447\u7bee<\/a>\u201d[79]<\/a>[80]<\/a>[81]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5217\u5165\u4e16\u754c\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5305\u62ec\u4e16\u4e0a\u53d1\u73b0\u6700\u591a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5316\u77f3\u5730\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u65af\u6cf0\u514b\u65b9\u4e39<\/a>[79]<\/a>[80]<\/a>[81]<\/a><\/sup>\u3001\u65af\u74e6\u7279\u514b\u6717\u65af<\/a>\u3001\u514b\u7f57\u59c6\u5fb7\u62c9\u4f0a\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a<\/a>\u7684\u8d21\u591a\u6797\u6d1e\u7a74<\/a>\u3001\u5e93\u73c0\u6d1e\u7a74<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca\u9a6c\u62c9\u5e15<\/a>\u30021924\u5e74\uff0c\u96f7\u8499\u5fb7\u00b7\u8fbe\u7279<\/a>\u5728\u897f\u5317\u7701<\/a>\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u9547\u5854\u7fc1<\/a>\u9644\u8fd1\u53d1\u73b0\u9996\u9897\u4eba\u7c7b\u5316\u77f3\u2014\u2014\u9676\u683c\u5b69\u7ae5<\/a>[10]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u6797\u6ce2\u6ce2\u7701<\/a>\u7684\u9a6c\u5361\u6f58\u65af\u76d6<\/a>\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u90a6\u7701<\/a>\u7684\u79d1\u5c3c\u5229\u4e9a<\/a>\u4e0e\u5f17\u6d1b\u91cc\u65af\u5df4\u5fb7<\/a>\u9057\u5740\u3001\u5938\u7956\u9c81-\u7eb3\u5854\u5c14\u7701<\/a>\u7684\u8fb9\u5883\u6d1e\u7a74<\/a>\u3001\u4e1c\u5f00\u666e\u7701<\/a>\u7684\u514b\u83b1\u897f\u65af\u6cb3\u6d1e\u7a74<\/a>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u897f\u5f00\u666e\u7701<\/a>\u7684\u54c1\u5c3c\u9ad8\u70b9<\/a>\u3001\u5148\u6c11\u5821<\/a>\u4e0e\u9152\u7a96\u6d1e\u7a74\u53d1\u6398\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u7c7b\u9057\u4f53<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u73b0\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u5728\u7ea6300\u4e07\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u6d32\u5357\u733f<\/a>\u7b49\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u539f\u59cb\u4eba\u7c7b<\/a>\u7269\u79cd[82]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u5305\u62ec\u5357\u65b9\u53e4\u733f<\/a>\u3001\u5320\u4eba<\/a>\u3001\u76f4\u7acb\u4eba<\/a>\u3001\u7f57\u5f97\u897f\u4e9a\u4eba<\/a>\u3001\u5f17\u6d1b\u91cc\u65af\u5df4\u5fb7\u5934\u9aa8<\/a>\u3001\u7eb3\u83b1\u8fea\u4eba<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba<\/a>\u3002\u5f53\u4e2d\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u81f3\u5c11\u670917\u4e07\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u5357\u90e8<\/a>[83]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458<\/a>\u5728\u6cd5\u5c14\u6cb3<\/a>\u6cb3\u8c37\u5185\u627e\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u4ee5\u5375\u77f3<\/a>\u6240\u5236\u9020\u7684\u5de5\u5177<\/a>[84]<\/a><\/sup>[85]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ece\u5927\u7ea6\u516c\u5143\u524d500\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u6851\u4eba<\/a>\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u5357\u90e8\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5305\u62ec\u72e9\u730e\u91c7\u96c6<\/a>\u7b49\u4ee5\u755c\u7267\u4e1a<\/a>\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8<\/a>[86]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u7272\u755c<\/a>\u7ed9\u6851\u4eba\u7fa4\u4f53\u5e26\u6765\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d22\u4ea7<\/a>\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u5f52\u5c5e<\/a>\u7684\u610f\u8bc6<\/a>\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6851\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5de9\u56fa\u4e0e\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u6851\u4eba\u914b\u957f<\/a>\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4ea6\u56e0\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6851\u4eba\u4e2d\u7684\u7267\u6c11\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u79d1\u4f0a\u79d1\u4f0a\u4eba<\/a>\u201d\uff08\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u5219\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u5e03\u987b\u66fc\u4eba<\/a>\u201d\uff08\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u4e1b\u6797\u4eba\u201d\uff09\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u957f\u671f\u901a\u5a5a<\/a>\u4e0e\u6df7\u8840<\/a>\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65cf\u7fa4\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u79d1\u4f0a\u6851\u4eba<\/a>\u3002\u8be5\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u79d1\u4f0a\u79d1\u4f0a\u4eba\u6cbf\u7740\u5357\u975e\u7684\u6d77\u5cb8\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u8f83\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6851\u4eba\u5219\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e8e\u5357\u975e\u5185\u9646\u5b9a\u5c45\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 \u73ed\u56fe\u4eba\u6269\u5f20 | Bantu expansion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u73ed\u56fe\u5927\u8fc1\u5f99<\/a> \/ Main article: Bantu expansion<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\u56fe2-3\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u5927\u7ea62,500\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u73ed\u56fe\u4eba<\/a>\u5f00\u59cb\u7531\u5c3c\u65e5\u5c14\u6cb3\u4e09\u89d2\u6d32<\/a>\u5411\u5357\u975e\u79fb\u6c11<\/a>\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u5357\u975e\u7684\u6851\u4eba\u4e0e\u8bf4\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed<\/a>\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e66\u5199\u7cfb\u7edf<\/a>\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u8003\u53e4\u6587\u7269<\/a>\u4e2d\u63a2\u5bfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5230\u516c\u5143\u524d1200\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u901a\u5411\u975e\u6d32\u5317\u90e8<\/a>\u7684\u8d38\u6613<\/a>\u7f51\u5f00\u59cb\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5404\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba<\/a>\u5728\u8be5\u65f6\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5176\u89d2\u8272\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u901a\u5e38\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u56fd\u738b<\/a>\u6216\u7687\u540e<\/a>[87]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u8896\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a\u793e\u533a\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4e14\u81ea\u79f0\u62e5\u6709\u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u6765<\/a>\u7b49\u67d0\u79cd\u8d85\u81ea\u7136<\/a>\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u516c\u51434\u4e16\u7eaa\u62165\u4e16\u7eaa\u65f6\uff0c\u6797\u6ce2\u6ce2\u6cb3<\/a>\u4ee5\u5357\uff08\u5373\u4eca\u5357\u975e\u4e0e\u535a\u8328\u74e6\u7eb3\u53ca\u6d25\u5df4\u5e03\u97e6\u7684\u5317\u90e8\u8fb9\u754c\uff09\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u73b0\u4f7f\u7528\u94c1\u5668<\/a>\u7684\u73ed\u56fe\u519c\u6c11<\/a>\u4e0e\u7267\u6c11<\/a>\u7684\u5b9a\u5c45\u70b9<\/a>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73ed\u56fe\u4eba\u6162\u6162\u5411\u5357\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u671f\u95f4\u5f81\u670d\u5e76\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u8bf4\u79d1\u4f0a\u6851\u8bed<\/a>\u7684\u79d1\u4f0a\u79d1\u4f0a\u4eba\u4e0e\u6851\u4eba\u3002\u968f\u7740\u73ed\u56fe\u4eba\u6301\u7eed\u5730\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u8fc1\u79fb\u81f3\u5357\u975e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9010\u6e10\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u7684\u79d1\u4f0a\u6851\u4eba\u6742\u5c45\uff0c\u8fd9\u70b9\u5df2\u5728\u5357\u975e\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d1e\u7a74\u5ca9\u753b<\/a>\u4e0a\u5f97\u4ee5\u8bc1\u5b9e\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u79d1\u8428\u8bed<\/a>\u53ca\u7956\u9c81\u8bed<\/a>\u5728\u5185\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5357\u90e8\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u8a00\u5747\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u8f83\u65e9\u671f\u79d1\u4f0a\u6851\u8bed\u7684\u8f85\u97f3<\/a>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ea6\u5728\u73ed\u56fe\u4eba\u7684\u5b9a\u5c45\u70b9\u91cc\u53d1\u73b0\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u4f0a\u6851\u4eba\u7684\u6587\u7269\u3002\u636e\u4fe1\uff0c\u5938\u7956\u9c81-\u7eb3\u5854\u5c14\u7701<\/a>\u4e8e1050\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u73b0\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u70bc\u94c1\u4f5c\u574a\u3002\u5728\u6797\u6ce2\u6ce2\u6cb3<\/a>\u6700\u5357\u7aef\u7684\u4e00\u6279\u4eba\u4e3a\u79d1\u8428\u4eba<\/a>\uff0c\u5176\u8bed\u8a00<\/a>\u5305\u542b\u65e9\u671f\u79d1\u4f0a\u6851\u8bed\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u79d1\u8428\u4eba\u5230\u8fbe\u4f4d\u4e8e\u73b0\u4eca\u4e1c\u5f00\u666e\u7701<\/a>\u7684\u5927\u9c7c\u6cb3<\/a>\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u73ed\u56fe\u4eba\u5728\u4eba\u53e3\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u65b9\u9762\uff08\u94c1\u5668\u65f6\u4ee3<\/a>\u6587\u660e\uff09\u5747\u5360\u636e\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e8e\u8fc1\u5f99\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9010\u6e10\u66ff\u4ee3\u6216\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u3002\u5728\u666e\u9a6c\u5170\u52a0\u7701<\/a>\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u77f3\u5708<\/a>\u53ca\u77f3\u5934\u6392\u5217[88]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u6765\u5f80\u5370\u5ea6\u6d0b\uff0c\u5357\u5230\u73b0\u4eca\u83ab\u6851\u6bd4\u514b\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5546\u4eba<\/a>\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5546\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5fc3[87]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u5546\u54c1\u5305\u62ec\u7531\u672c\u5730\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1<\/a>\u3001\u8c61\u7259<\/a>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ea7\u81ea\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd<\/a>\u7684\u74f7\u5668<\/a>\u3001\u73bb\u7483\u7403\u7b49[87]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.3 \u4e0e\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4eba\u63a5\u89e6 | Portuguese exploration<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

See also: Portuguese discoveries<\/a>\u3010\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u8461\u8404\u7259\u5927\u53d1\u73b0\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \u56fe2-4\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \u5728\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba<\/a>\u63a5\u89e6\u65f6\uff0c\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u662f\u5728\u7ea6\u516c\u51431000\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u4ece\u975e\u6d32\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u8fc1\u5f99\u81f3\u5357\u975e\u7684\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u7cfb<\/a>\u6c11\u65cf\u3002\u5357\u975e\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u662f\u79d1\u8428\u65cf<\/a>\u53ca\u7956\u9c81\u65cf<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1487\u5e74\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u7259<\/a>\u63a2\u9669\u5bb6<\/a>\u5df4\u5c14\u6258\u6d1b\u6885\u4e4c\u00b7\u8fea\u4e9a\u58eb<\/a>\u7387\u9886\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u9996\u6b21\u767b\u9646\u975e\u6d32\u5357\u90e8[89]<\/a><\/sup>[90]<\/a><\/sup>[91]<\/a><\/sup>\u300212\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u8fea\u4e9a\u58eb\u5728\u9cb8\u6e7e\u6e2f<\/a>\u767b\u9646\uff08\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4eca\u7eb3\u7c73\u6bd4\u4e9a<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u8461\u8404\u7259\u822a\u6d77\u5bb6<\/a>\u8fea\u5965\u6208\u00b7\u5eb7<\/a>\u4e8e1485\u5e74\u6240\u5230\u8fbe\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u5357\u90e8\u6700\u8fdc\u70b9\uff08\u9cb8\u6e7e\u6e2f\u4ee5\u5317\u7684\u514b\u7f57\u65af\u89d2<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u4ed6\u7ee7\u7eed\u6cbf\u7740\u975e\u6d32\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u897f\u6d77\u5cb8\u524d\u8fdb\u30021488\u5e741\u67088\u65e5\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u98ce\u66b4<\/a>\u5c06\u8fea\u4e9a\u58eb\u7684\u8239\u961f\u5411\u5357\u63a8\u53bb\uff0c\u8fdc\u79bb\u4e86\u975e\u6d32\u6d77\u5cb8\u7ebf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u6700\u5357\u7aef<\/a>[90]<\/a><\/sup>[91]<\/a><\/sup>\u30025\u6708\uff0c\u8fea\u4e9a\u58eb\u5230\u8fbe\u975e\u6d32\u4e1c\u90e8<\/a>\u6d77\u5cb8\uff0c\u4ed6\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u56e0\u51e1\u7279\u6cb3\u201d\uff08Rio do Infante\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u73b0\u4eca\u7684\u683c\u9c81\u7279\u6cb3<\/a>\uff09\u3002\u5728\u56de\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u8fea\u4e9a\u58eb\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d77\u89d2\uff0c\u4e14\u5c06\u5176\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u98ce\u66b4\u89d2\u201d\uff08Cabo das Tormentas\uff09[90]<\/a><\/sup>[91]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u8461\u8404\u7259\u540e\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u7259\u56fd\u738b<\/a>\u82e5\u6602\u4e8c\u4e16<\/a>\u5c06\u8be5\u6d77\u89d2\u6539\u79f0\u201c\u597d\u671b\u89d2<\/a>\u201d\uff08Cabo da Boa Esperan\u00e7a\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4e3a\u6b27\u6d32<\/a>\u901a\u5f80\u4e9a\u6d32<\/a>\u7684\u6d77\u8def\u5fc5\u7ecf\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4ece\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e30\u539a\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc[90]<\/a><\/sup>[91]<\/a><\/sup>[92]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u8def\u6613\u00b7\u5fb7\u8d3e\u6885\u58eb<\/a>\u5728\u8461\u8404\u7259\u53f2\u8bd7<\/a>\u300a\u5362\u6d4e\u5854\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u4e4b\u6b4c<\/a>\u300b\u4e2d\u6b4c\u9882\u8fea\u4e9a\u58eb\u7684\u822a\u6d77\u4f1f\u7ee9\u53ca\u58ee\u4e3e[93]<\/a><\/sup>[94]<\/a><\/sup>[95]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u968f\u7740\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4eba\u5f00\u542f\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u63a2\u7d22<\/a>\u3001\u8d38\u6613<\/a>\u53ca\u7edf\u6cbb<\/a>\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e24\u6bb5\u4e3b\u8981\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\uff1a\u5206\u522b\u662f\u8377\u8461\u6218\u4e89<\/a>\u4e4b\u540e\u7531\u8377\u5170\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8<\/a>\u4e8e1652\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u82f1\u56fd<\/a>\u57281795\u5e74\u5360\u9886\u8377\u5c5e\u597d\u671b\u89d2\u6b96\u6c11\u5730<\/a>\uff08\u6216\u79f0\u8377\u5c5e\u5f00\u666e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff09\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u65f6\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2.4 \u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u5316 | Dutch colonisation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u8377\u5c5e\u597d\u671b\u89d2\u6b96\u6c11\u5730<\/a>\u548c\u5e03\u5c14\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a> \/ Main articles: Dutch Cape Colony<\/a> and Boer Republics<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \u56fe2-5\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \u5230\u4e8617\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u7259\u7684\u6d77\u4e0a\u529b\u91cf<\/a>\u5f00\u59cb\u8870\u843d<\/a>\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0e\u8377\u5170<\/a>\u7684\u5546\u4eba\u90fd\u4e89\u76f8\u63a8\u7ffb\u91cc\u65af\u672c<\/a>\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8461\u8404\u7259\u900f\u8fc7\u5229\u7528\u5784\u65ad\u9999\u6599\u7684\u8d38\u6613<\/a>\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u4e30\u539a\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc[96]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u65e9\u57281601\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8<\/a>\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5f00\u666e\u6566<\/a>\u5bfb\u6c42\u4f9b\u7ed9\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u6539\u4e3a\u8d5e\u6210\u4ee5\u963f\u68ee\u677e\u5c9b<\/a>\u53ca\u5723\u8d6b\u52d2\u62ff\u5c9b<\/a>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u66ff\u4ee3\u6e2f\u53e3<\/a>[97]<\/a><\/sup>\u30021647\u5e74\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8<\/a>\u7684\u4e24\u540d\u5458\u5de5\u5728\u5f00\u666e\u6566\u9047\u96be\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u4fbf\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u8377\u5170\u4eba<\/a>\u5bf9\u5f00\u666e\u6566\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u900f\u8fc7\u4ece\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u624b\u4e0a\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6de1\u6c34<\/a>\u53ca\u8089\u7c7b<\/a>\uff0c\u6c34\u624b<\/a>\u4eec\u5f97\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\u4e0b\u53bb[97]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u5728\u5f00\u666e\u6566\u80a5\u6c83\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u64ad\u79cd\u852c\u83dc<\/a>[98]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u79d1\u4f0a\u79d1\u4f0a\u4eba\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u4e8b\u519c\u4e1a<\/a>\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u987b\u4ece\u8377\u5170\u5f15\u5165\u519c\u6c11\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u519c\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u8fd4\u56de\u8377\u5170\u540e\uff0c\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u8d5e\u8d4f\u5f00\u666e\u6566\u6709\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8377\u5170\u7684\u201c\u4ed3\u5e93\u4e0e\u82b1\u56ed\u201d\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8239\u53ea\u901a\u8fc7\u5f00\u666e\u6566\u6765\u4f5c\u957f\u9014\u822a\u884c\u5230\u8fbe\u4e9a\u6d32\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u8d38\u6613[97]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1652\u5e744\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u53d1\u73b0\u5f00\u666e\u822a\u7ebf<\/a>\u4e00\u4e2a\u534a\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\uff0c\u626c\u00b7\u8303\u91cc\u8d1d\u514b<\/a>\u4ee3\u8868\u8377\u5170\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u597d\u671b\u89d2<\/a>\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5f00\u666e\u6566\u767b\u9646\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3a\u8fdc\u822a\u4e9a\u6d32\u800c\u9014\u7ecf\u5f00\u666e\u6566\u7684\u8239\u53ea\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u8865\u7ed9\u7684\u4e2d\u9014\u7ad9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9a7b\u624e\u70b9\u3001\u83dc\u56ed<\/a>\u53ca\u679c\u56ed<\/a>[99]<\/a>[100]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u96c7\u5458\u5747\u4f1a\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5408\u540c\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u7559\u5728\u8377\u5c5e\u5f00\u666e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730<\/a>\u5883\u5185[100]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4f7f\u5f00\u666e\u6566\u6210\u4e3a\u62e5\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u4eba<\/a>\u201d\uff08Vrijlieden\uff09[\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u516c\u6c11\u201d\uff08Vrijburgers\uff09\u3002]<\/sup>\u7684\u5730\u533a\u3002\u8377\u5170\u5546\u4eba<\/a>\u8fd8\u4ece\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a<\/a>\u3001\u9a6c\u8fbe\u52a0\u65af\u52a0<\/a>\u53ca\u4e1c\u90e8\u975e\u6d32<\/a>\u7b49\u5730\u5411\u6570\u4e0d\u6e05\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730<\/a>\u8f93\u5165\u4e86\u6570\u5343\u540d\u5974\u96b6<\/a>[101]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6df7\u5408\u79cd\u65cf<\/a>\u793e\u533a\u662f\u7531\u5f17\u91cc\u5409\u5e03\u683c\u4eba<\/a>\u3001\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5974\u96b6<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11<\/a>\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7ed3\u5408\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7684[102]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u7fa4\u4f53\u2014\u2014\u5f00\u666e\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u79cd<\/a>\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u90fd\u91c7\u7528\u8377\u5170\u8bed<\/a>\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559<\/a>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u53ca\u5b97\u6559<\/a>[102]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u5411\u4e1c\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u897f\u5357\u65b9\u7684\u79d1\u8428\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u843d\u4e89\u593a\u5728\u5927\u9c7c\u6cb3<\/a>\u9644\u8fd1\u653e\u7267\u7272\u755c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7267\u573a<\/a>\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6218\u4e89<\/a>[103]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u8fb9\u5883\u5730\u533a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5f17\u91cc\u5409\u5e03\u683c\u519c\u6c11\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u5e03\u5c14\u4eba<\/a>\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u5f53\u4e2d\u4ee5\u534a\u6e38\u7267<\/a>\u65b9\u5f0f\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4eba\u5219\u79f0\u4e3a\u6e38\u7267\u5e03\u5c14\u4eba<\/a>[103]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5e03\u5c14\u4eba\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u7a81\u51fb\u961f<\/a>\u201d\u7684\u677e\u6563\u6c11\u5175<\/a>\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0e\u79d1\u4f0a\u6851\u4eba\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u7ec4\u6210\u8054\u76df\u51fb\u9000\u79d1\u8428\u4eba\u7684\u88ad\u51fb[103]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u53cc\u65b9\u53d1\u8d77\u8840\u8165\u4f46\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\u7684\u653b\u52bf\uff0c\u800c\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u7272\u755c\u5931\u7a83\u7684\u96f6\u661f\u66b4\u529b<\/a>\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u8be5\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\u4e00\u76f4\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1[103]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2.5 \u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u5316\u548c\u5927\u8fc1\u5f99 | British colonisation and the Great Trek<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Main articles: Invasion of the Cape Colony<\/a>, Cape Colony<\/a>, Great Trek<\/a>, British Bechuanaland<\/a>, and Colony of Natal<\/a> \/ \u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u5165\u4fb5\u5f00\u666e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730<\/a>\u3001\u5f00\u666e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730<\/a>\u3001\u725b\u8f66\u5927\u8fc1\u5f99<\/a>\u3001\u82f1\u5c5e\u8d1d\u4e13\u7eb3<\/a>\u548c\u7eb3\u5854\u5c14\u6b96\u6c11\u5730<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \u56fe2-6\u548c2-7\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \u7531\u4e8e\u6cd5\u56fd<\/a>\u5165\u4fb5\u4f4e\u5730\u56fd\u5bb6<\/a>\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u57281795\u5e74\u81f31803\u5e74\u95f4\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u5f00\u666e\u6566[104]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5176\u843d\u5165\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b[103]<\/a><\/sup>\u30021803\u5e74\uff0c\u5f00\u666e\u6566\u77ed\u6682\u56de\u5f52\u5df4\u8fbe\u7ef4\u4e9a\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>\u7edf\u6cbb[104]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4f46\u5230\u4e861806\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba<\/a>\u53c8\u518d\u6b21\u5360\u9886<\/a>\u5f00\u666e\u6566[104]<\/a><\/sup>[105]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u57281806\u5e74\u5f00\u666e\u6566\u6295\u964d\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u8377\u5170\u4eba\u4fdd\u7559\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u4e8e\u5f53\u5730\u6240\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e0e\u7279\u6743[106]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u6218\u4e89<\/a>\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u8377\u5c5e\u5f00\u666e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u6b63\u5f0f\u5272\u8ba9\u7ed9\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd<\/a>\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u5f00\u666e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730<\/a>[104]<\/a><\/sup>[107]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u4e8e1818\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u5f00\u59cb\u79fb\u6c11\u5357\u975e\uff0c\u968f\u540e1820\u5e74\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005<\/a>\u7684\u5230\u6765\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u79fb\u6c11\u6f6e\u7684\u9ad8\u5cf0[107]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u51fa\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u65b0\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u89e3\u51b3\u5e76\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u52b3\u52a8\u529b<\/a>\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u53c8\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u8fb9\u5883\u5730\u533a\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\uff0c\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u79d1\u8428\u4eba\u5165\u4fb5[107]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u999620\u5e74\uff0c\u7956\u9c81\u738b\u56fd<\/a>\u5728\u5176\u56fd\u738b<\/a>\u6070\u5361<\/a>\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u9886\u571f[108]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u6070\u5361\u6240\u53d1\u52a8\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u95f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u201c\u78be\u538b<\/a>\u201d\uff08Mfecane\uff09\uff0c\u9020\u6210100\u4e07\u81f3200\u4e07\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u5e76\u57281820\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u6d88\u706d\u4e86\u5185\u9646\u9ad8\u539f\u7684\u4eba\u53e3[109]<\/a><\/sup>[110]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u7956\u9c81\u4eba<\/a>\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u2014\u2014\u739b\u5854\u8d1d\u5c14\u4eba<\/a>\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd<\/a>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u9ad8\u5730\u8349\u539f\u5728\u5185\u7684\u571f\u5730\u90fd\u5904\u4e8e\u56fd\u738b\u59c6\u9f50\u5229\u5361\u9f50<\/a>\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b[111]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5230\u4e8619\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u540e\u88d4\uff08\u5373\u963f\u975e\u5229\u5361\u4eba<\/a>\uff09\u4e0d\u6ee1\u5728\u5f00\u666e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u53d7\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u90fd\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u963f\u975e\u5229\u5361\u4eba\u8fc1\u79fb<\/a>\u81f3\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7eb3\u5854\u5c14<\/a>\u3001\u5965\u5170\u6cbb<\/a>\u53ca\u5fb7\u5170\u58eb\u74e6<\/a>\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5e76\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e03\u5c14\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>\u2014\u2014\u5305\u62ec\u5357\u975e\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>\uff08\u5373\u5fb7\u5170\u58eb\u74e6\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4eca\u8c6a\u767b\u7701\u3001\u6797\u6ce2\u6ce2\u7701\u3001\u666e\u9a6c\u5170\u52a0\u7701\u53ca\u897f\u5317\u7701\uff09\u3001\u5965\u5170\u6cbb\u81ea\u7531\u90a6<\/a>\uff08\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4eca\u81ea\u7531\u90a6\u7701\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u7eb3\u5854\u5229\u4e9a\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>\uff08\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4eca\u5938\u7956\u9c81-\u7eb3\u5854\u5c14\u7701\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1867\u5e74\u5728\u91d1\u4f2f\u5229<\/a>\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u94bb\u77f3<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca1886\u5e742\u6708\u5728\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5185\u65af\u5821<\/a>\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1<\/a>\u4fc3\u4f7f\u77ff\u4ea7\u9769\u547d<\/a>\u5f00\u59cb[21]<\/a><\/sup>[23]<\/a><\/sup>[112]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u5e76\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u5357\u975e\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u4e0e\u79fb\u6c11<\/a>\u6570\u91cf[113]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u529b\u5ea6\u3002\u4e89\u593a\u5e76\u63a7\u5236\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u4e0e\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e03\u5c14\u4eba\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00[114]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    On 16 May 1876, President Thomas Fran\u00e7ois Burgers<\/a> of the South African Republic declared war against the Pedi people<\/a>. King Sekhukhune<\/a> managed to defeat the army on 1 August 1876. Another attack by the Lydenburg Volunteer Corps was also repulsed. On 16 February 1877, the two parties signed a peace treaty at Botshabelo<\/a>.[65]<\/a><\/sup> The Boers’ inability to subdue the Pedi led to the departure of Burgers in favour of Paul Kruger<\/a> and the British annexation of the South African Republic. In 1878 and 1879 three British attacks were successfully repelled until Garnet Wolseley<\/a> defeated Sekhukhune in November 1879 with an army of 2,000 British soldiers, Boers and 10,000 Swazis.
    \u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30111876\u5e745\u670816\u65e5\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u5f17\u6717\u7d22\u74e6\u00b7\u4f2f\u683c\u65af\u5411\u4f69\u8fea\u4eba\u5ba3\u6218\u3002\u4f69\u8fea\u56fd\u738b\u585e\u5e93\u5e93\u5185\u4e8e1876\u5e748\u67081\u65e5\u6210\u529f\u51fb\u8d25\u4e86\u654c\u519b\u3002\u83b1\u767b\u5821\u5fd7\u613f\u519b\u53d1\u52a8\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u6b21\u88ad\u51fb\u4e5f\u88ab\u51fb\u9000\u30021877\u5e742\u670816\u65e5\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u5728\u535a\u6c99\u8d1d\u6d1b\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u548c\u5e73\u6761\u7ea6\u3002[65]\u5e03\u5c14\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f81\u670d\u4f69\u8fea\u4eba\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4f2f\u683c\u65af\u79bb\u804c\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u514b\u9c81\u683c\u4e0a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u82f1\u56fd\u541e\u5e76\u4e86\u5357\u975e\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u30021878\u5e74\u548c1879\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u53d1\u52a8\u7684\u4e09\u6b21\u88ad\u51fb\u5747\u88ab\u6210\u529f\u51fb\u9000\uff0c\u76f4\u52301879\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u52a0\u5185\u7279\u00b7\u6c83\u5c14\u897f\u5229\u7387\u98862000\u540d\u82f1\u56fd\u58eb\u5175\u3001\u5e03\u5c14\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca1\u4e07\u540d\u65af\u5a01\u58eb\u4eba\u51fb\u8d25\u4e86\u585e\u5e93\u5e93\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1879\u5e74\uff0c\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e0e\u7956\u9c81\u738b\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u6218\u4e89<\/a>\u3002\u5361\u90a3\u5c01\u4f2f\u7235<\/a>\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u90a6\u4f53\u5236<\/a>\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u52aa\u529b\u52a0\u4e0a\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u5357\u975e\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u738b\u56fd\u3001\u90e8\u843d\u5730\u533a\u53ca\u5e03\u5c14\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u30021874\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6d3e\u9063\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u5df4\u7279\u5c14\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u5c14<\/a>\u7235\u58eb\u524d\u5f80\u5357\u975e\u62c5\u4efb\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4e13\u5458<\/a>\uff0c\u5e76\u51c6\u5907\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba1\u5212\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u65bd<\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u969c\u788d\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u5357\u975e\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>\u4e0e\u7956\u9c81\u738b\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u519b\u961f\u7684\u5b58\u5728[115]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u7956\u9c81\u738b\u56fd\u4e00\u5ea6\u5728\u4f0a\u6563\u5fb7\u5c14\u74e6\u7eb3\u6218\u5f79<\/a>\u4e2d\u6210\u529f\u51fb\u8d25\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6700\u7ec8\u4ecd\u6218\u8d25\u706d\u4ea1\uff0c\u539f\u9886\u571f\u88ab\u5e76\u5165\u5230\u7eb3\u5854\u5c14\u6b96\u6c11\u5730<\/a>\u5f53\u4e2d[116]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2.5.1 \u5e03\u5c14\u6218\u4e89 | Boer Wars<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Main articles: Boer Wars<\/a>, First Boer War<\/a>, and Second Boer War<\/a> \/ \u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5e03\u5c14\u6218\u4e89<\/a>\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5e03\u5c14\u6218\u4e89<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \u56fe2-8\u548c2-9\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5e03\u5c14\u6218\u4e89<\/a>\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5e03\u5c14\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u6e38\u51fb\u6218<\/a>\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6218\u672f\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u529f\u62b5\u5236\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5165\u4fb5[117]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u800c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5e03\u5c14\u6218\u4e89<\/a>\u4e2d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u90e8\u961f<\/a>\u3001\u65b0\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c<\/a>\u53ca\u6218\u7565<\/a>\uff0c\u4ee4\u5e03\u5c14\u4eba\u9010\u6e10\u5931\u53bb\u4f18\u52bf[118]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u82f1\u56fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u6d88\u8017\u6218<\/a>\u800c\u627f\u53d7\u4e86\u60e8\u91cd\u7684\u4f24\u4ea1\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u4f9d\u7136\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u300a\u5f17\u91cc\u5c3c\u6b23\u548c\u7ea6<\/a>\u300b\u541e\u5e76\u5fb7\u5170\u58eb\u74e6\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>\u53ca\u5965\u5170\u6cbb\u81ea\u7531\u90a6<\/a>[13]<\/a><\/sup>[113]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4ece19\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4eba\u53e3\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u957f\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5e03\u5c14\u519c\u6c11\u4ece\u5fb7\u5170\u58eb\u74e6\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u53ca\u5965\u5170\u6cbb\u81ea\u7531\u90a6\u524d\u9886\u571f\u9003\u79bb\u5230\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u57ce\u5e02\u767d\u4eba\u4e2d\u7684\u8d2b\u7a77\u9636\u5c42[119]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2.5.2 \u81ea\u6cbb\u9886\u4e0e\u72ec\u7acb | Independence<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    \u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u5357\u975e\u8054\u90a6<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    See also: Union of South Africa<\/a>, Military history of South Africa during World War I<\/a>, and Military history of South Africa during World War II<\/a>\u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u5357\u975e\u8054\u90a6\u3001\u5357\u975e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u519b\u4e8b\u53f2\u548c\u5357\u975e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u519b\u4e8b\u53f2\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5728\u5357\u975e\u56fd\u5185\uff0c\u963f\u975e\u5229\u5361\u4eba\u7684\u53cd\u82f1<\/a>\u653f\u7b56\u7740\u91cd\u4e8e\u4e89\u53d6\u5357\u975e\u72ec\u7acb[120]<\/a><\/sup>[121]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u8377\u5170\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7acb\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u672c\u5730\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u5b9a\u5c45\u4e0e\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5357\u975e\u7684\u300a1879\u5e74\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5730\u4f4d\u6cd5<\/a>\u300b\u53ca\u300a\u901a\u884c\u8bc1\u6cd5<\/a>\u300b\u5236\u5ea6[122]<\/a><\/sup>[123]<\/a><\/sup>[124]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u65f6\u5357\u975e\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u900f\u8fc7\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7acb\u6cd5\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u63a8\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1908\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u5f00\u666e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730<\/a>\u3001\u7eb3\u5854\u5c14\u6b96\u6c11\u5730<\/a>\u3001\u5fb7\u5170\u58eb\u74e6\u6b96\u6c11\u5730<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca\u5965\u5170\u6cbb\u6cb3\u6b96\u6c11\u5730<\/a>\u56db\u4e2a\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u9f50\u96c6\u5728\u5fb7\u73ed<\/a>\u5546\u8ba8\u5efa\u7acb\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5357\u975e\u8054\u90a6<\/a>\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u9886<\/a>[16]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u5374\u4e3a\u4e86\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u9996\u90fd<\/a>\u5e94\u8bbe\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u800c\u4e89\u5435\u4e0d\u4f11\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u90fd\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u9996\u90fd\u8bbe\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5730\u533a[16]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u5404\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7167\u987e\u5404\u65b9\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u59a5\u534f\u65b9\u6848[16]<\/a><\/sup>[17]<\/a><\/sup>\uff1a\u628a\u6bd4\u52d2\u9640\u5229\u4e9a<\/a>\u3001\u5f00\u666e\u6566<\/a>\u53ca\u5e03\u9686\u65b9\u4e39<\/a>\u5206\u522b\u8bbe\u4e3a\u5357\u975e\u8054\u90a6\u7684\u884c\u653f<\/a>\u9996\u90fd\u3001\u7acb\u6cd5<\/a>\u9996\u90fd\u4e0e\u53f8\u6cd5<\/a>\u9996\u90fd\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u5fb7\u73ed\u5219\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5357\u975e\u8054\u90a6\u8d27\u7269<\/a>\u8fdb\u51fa\u53e3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5bf9\u5916\u901a\u5546\u53e3\u5cb8<\/a>\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7279\u6743[16]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5e03\u5c14\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u516b\u5e74\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u56db\u5e74\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a<\/a>\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a1909\u5e74\u5357\u975e\u6cd5\u6848<\/a>\u300b\uff0c\u4e8e1910\u5e745\u670831\u65e5\u6210\u7acb\u5357\u975e\u8054\u90a6<\/a>[13]<\/a><\/sup>[125]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u72ec\u7acb<\/a>\u3002\u8054\u90a6\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5f00\u666e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u3001\u7eb3\u5854\u5c14\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u3001\u5fb7\u5170\u58eb\u74e6\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u53ca\u5965\u5170\u6cbb\u6cb3\u6b96\u6c11\u5730[126]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5357\u975e\u7684\u300a1913\u5e74\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u571f\u5730\u6cd5<\/a>\u300b\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\u9ed1\u4eba\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5bf9\u571f\u5730\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743<\/a>[125]<\/a><\/sup>[127]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u6bb5\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u53ea\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u5357\u975e\u571f\u5730\u76847%[125]<\/a><\/sup>[127]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7565\u6709\u589e\u52a0\u4e3a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6570\u91cf[128]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218<\/a>\u540e\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u8054\u90a6\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df<\/a>\u59d4\u4efb\u4e0b\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u524d\u5fb7\u5c5e\u897f\u5357\u975e\u6d32<\/a>\u8fdb\u884c\u6258\u7ba1<\/a>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u897f\u5357\u975e\u6d32<\/a>\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a<\/a>\u4ece\u672a\u6b63\u5f0f\u5e76\u5165\u5357\u975e\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a<\/a>\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u5357\u975e\u7684\u7701\u4efd\u4e4b\u4e00[129]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1931\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u5a01\u65af\u654f\u65af\u7279\u6cd5\u4ee4<\/a>\u300b\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5ba4<\/a>\u4f9d\u7136\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u6cbb\u9886<\/a>\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5143\u9996<\/a>\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u53ca\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u4ece\u6b64\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u5e72\u6d89\u81ea\u6cbb\u9886\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ea6\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u5357\u975e\u7684\u6700\u540e\u6743\u529b\u30021934\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a<\/a>\u4e0e\u5357\u975e\u515a<\/a>\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u7edf\u4e00\u515a<\/a>\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bfb\u6c42\u963f\u975e\u5229\u5361\u4eba\u4e0e\u82f1\u88d4\u767d\u4eba<\/a>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u548c\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u515a\u7684\u5f3a\u786c\u6d3e\u6700\u7ec8\u4e8e1939\u5e74\u9000\u51fa\u7edf\u4e00\u515a\u30021939\u5e74\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u76df\u53cb<\/a>\u800c\u53c2\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218<\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u4e3e\u5374\u5f15\u8d77\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5168\u56fd\u652f\u6301\u8005\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5357\u975e\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u7ad9\u5728\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd<\/a>\u7684\u4e00\u65b9<\/a>\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u65e0\u5fc5\u8981\u4e3a\u4e86\u524d\u654c\u4eba<\/a>\u82f1\u56fd\u53c2\u6218\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u4eb2\u7eb3\u7cb9<\/a>\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u652f\u6301\u8005\u66f4\u5e0c\u671b\u5357\u975e\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6446\u8131\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u63a7\u5236[130]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2.5.3 \u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u5f00\u59cb | Apartheid era<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    \u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u5357\u975e\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb<\/a> \/ Main article: Apartheid<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \u56fe2-10\u81f32-12\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

    1948\u5e74\uff0c\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7\u9a6c\u5170<\/a>\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5728\u5927\u9009<\/a>\u4e2d\u80dc\u51fa\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5355\u72ec\u6267\u653f[131]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u9a6c\u5170\u4efb\u5185\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u5728\u8377\u5170\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb<\/a>[29]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u5e76\u5236\u5b9a\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u653f\u7b56[13]<\/a>[28]<\/a>[30]<\/a>[132]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u9a6c\u5170\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee5\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u300a\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u6cd5<\/a>\u300b\u4e3a\u6846\u67b6[133]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6c11\u65cf\u5206\u4e3a\u767d\u4eba<\/a>\u3001\u6709\u8272\u4eba<\/a>\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba<\/a>\u53ca\u9ed1\u4eba\u56db\u4e2a\u79cd\u65cf\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u65cf\u5206\u522b\u4f4f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u79cd\u65cf\u5236\u5b9a\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e0e\u9650\u5236[28]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u767d\u4eba\u867d\u4e3a\u5c11\u6570\uff08\u4e0d\u591a\u4e8e20%[134]<\/a><\/sup>\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u5927\u591a\u6570\u9ed1\u4eba\u3002\u5408\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u79f0\u4e3a\u5357\u975e\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb<\/a>[135]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u767d\u4eba\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a33\u5065\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0b\u4eab\u6709\u53ef\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u76f8\u5339\u654c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73<\/a>\uff0c\u800c\u5357\u975e\u9ed1\u4eba\u76f8\u6bd4\u8d77\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\u4e5f\u4eab\u6709\u5168\u975e\u6d32\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73[30]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e\u767d\u4eba\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5360\u4eba\u53e3\u591a\u6570\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u5728\u6536\u5165\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u533b\u7597\u536b\u751f\u3001\u4f4f\u623f\u3001\u9884\u671f\u5bff\u547d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u7b49\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u5747\u59cb\u7ec8\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5229\u5730\u4f4d[30]<\/a>[136]<\/a><\/sup>\u30021954\u5e74\uff0c\u9a6c\u5170\u9000\u4f11\uff0c\u7531\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5185\u65af\u00b7\u683c\u54c8\u675c\u65af\u00b7\u65af\u63e3\u6566<\/a>\u51fa\u4efb\u603b\u7406\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u515a\u5185\u8f83\u504f\u6fc0\u7684\u5fb7\u5170\u58eb\u74e6\u6d3e\u5bf9\u8f83\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u5f00\u666e\u6d3e\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u65af\u63e3\u6566\u4efb\u5185\u63a8\u884c\u6bd4\u9a6c\u5170\u653f\u5e9c\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u653f\u7b56[28]<\/a><\/sup>\u30021955\u5e74\uff0c\u4ee5\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u56fd\u6c11\u5927\u4f1a<\/a>\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u56fd\u4f1a\u8054\u76df<\/a>\u53d1\u8868\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u5baa\u7ae0<\/a>\u300b\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5357\u975e\u7ed3\u675f\u9694\u79bb\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u30021958\u5e74\uff0c\u65af\u63e3\u6566\u5728\u4efb\u5185\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u7531\u4ea8\u5fb7\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u5f17\u4f26\u65bd\u00b7\u7ef4\u6c83\u5c14\u5fb7<\/a>\u7ee7\u4efb\u603b\u7406[28]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u7ef4\u6c83\u5c14\u5fb7\u4efb\u5185\u4ee5\u7acb\u6cd5\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u5efa\u7acb\u9ed1\u4eba\u4e0e\u767d\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u653f\u7b56[125]<\/a>[137]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2.6 \u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u5357\u975e\u64a4\u8d44\u8fd0\u52a8<\/a> \/ Further information: Disinvestment from South Africa<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \u56fe2-13\u81f32-17\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

    1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u653f\u7b56\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5177\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f00\u59cb\u62b5\u5236<\/a>\u5357\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u5176\u5546\u4e1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u793a\u53cd\u5bf9\u5357\u975e\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u5236\u5ea6[138]<\/a>[139]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u5bf9\u5357\u975e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53ea\u6709\u5f88\u5c11\u5f71\u54cd[30]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u884c\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u5357\u975e\u66f4\u4e00\u5ea6\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u522e\u76ee\u76f8\u770b\u7684\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5947\u8ff9<\/a>\u201d[140]<\/a>[141]<\/a>[142]<\/a>[143]<\/a>[144]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4ece1942\u5e74\u52301982\u5e74\u768440\u5e74\u95f4[\u4ea6\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u73ed\u56fe\u5bb6\u56ed\u201d\u3001\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5bb6\u56ed\u201d\u3001\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u6216\u7b80\u79f0\u201c\u5bb6\u56ed\u201d\u3002]<\/sup>\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6301\u7eed\u9ad8\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf7.3\u5e74\u81f37.4\u5e74\u56fd\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\u5c31\u53ef\u7ffb\u4e00\u756a[140]<\/a>[141]<\/a>[142]<\/a>[143]<\/a>[144]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u81f31970\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u589e\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u53ef\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u65e5\u672c<\/a>\u7684\u589e\u957f\u901f\u5ea6<\/a>\u76f8\u5339\u654c[140]<\/a>[142]<\/a>[143]<\/a>[145]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u582a\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u975e\u6d32\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5de8\u4eba\u201d[140]<\/a>[143]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u76f4\u52301980\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u62b5\u5236\u884c\u52a8\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6269\u5c55\u81f3\u56fd\u9645\u5236\u88c1<\/a>\u53ca\u5916\u56fd\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u64a4\u8d44<\/a>[146]<\/a>[147]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53\u7f8e\u56fd<\/a>\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6<\/a>\u4ece1984\u5e74\u4e2d\u5f00\u59cb\u52a0\u5165\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u88c1<\/a>\u540e\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd[138]<\/a>[141]<\/a>[142]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u57281960\u5e74\u81f31963\u5e74\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06350\u4e07\u975e\u767d\u4eba\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u9ed1\u4eba\uff09\u7684\u5357\u975e\u4eba\u9a71\u79bb\u4ed6\u4eec\u539f\u672c\u7684\u5bb6\u56ed[30]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u5e76\u642c\u8fc1\u5230\u73ed\u56fe\u65af\u5766<\/a>[\u4ea6\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u73ed\u56fe\u5bb6\u56ed\u201d\u3001\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5bb6\u56ed\u201d\u3001\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u6216\u7b80\u79f0\u201c\u5bb6\u56ed\u201d\u3002]<\/sup>\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2<\/a>\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u578b\u7684\u9a71\u79bb\u884c\u52a8\u4e4b\u4e00[148]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u8ba1\u5212\u5c06\u9ed1\u4eba\u642c\u8fc1\u5230\u73ed\u56fe\u65af\u5766\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u9010\u51fa\u5357\u975e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8feb\u4f7f\u5176\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5206\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u57281970\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u8fbe\u5230\u9ad8\u5cf0\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5e9f\u9664\u975e\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f00\u59cb\u5265\u593a\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u5357\u975e\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd<\/a>\u3002\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9\u5206\u6743<\/a>\u768410\u4e2a\u73ed\u56fe\u65af\u5766\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229<\/a>\u9650\u5236\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u73ed\u56fe\u65af\u5766\u5185\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7279\u5170\u65af\u51ef<\/a>\u3001\u535a\u666e\u5854\u8328\u74e6\u7eb3<\/a>\u3001\u6587\u8fbe<\/a>\u53ca\u897f\u65af\u51ef<\/a>\u6210\u4e3a\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6<\/a>[149]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u7531\u963f\u975e\u5229\u5361\u4eba\u652f\u914d\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u662f\u660e\u786e\u7684\u5171\u548c\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u8005\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7531\u82f1\u56fd\u541b\u4e3b<\/a>\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u4e8c\u4e16<\/a>\u62c5\u4efb\u5357\u975e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5143\u9996<\/a>\u662f\u201c\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u7684\u4f59\u5b7d\u201d[150]<\/a><\/sup>\u30021960\u5e7410\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u4e3e\u884c\u516c\u6c11\u6295\u7968<\/a>\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u767d\u4eba\u9009\u6c11\u8d5e\u6210\u5357\u975e\u6210\u4e3a\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u82f1\u88d4\u767d\u4eba\u5360\u591a\u6570\u7684\u7eb3\u5854\u5c14\u7701<\/a>\u5219\u4ee5\u53cd\u5bf9\u7968\u4e3a\u591a[151]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u4ee552.29%\u7684\u5f97\u7968\u901a\u8fc7\u6210\u4e3a\u5171\u548c\u56fd[152]<\/a><\/sup>\u30021961\u5e745\u670831\u65e5\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u6539\u5236\u6210\u4e3a\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>\u3002\u5728\u90e8\u5206\u82f1\u8054\u90a6<\/a>\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4ea6\u9000\u51fa\u4e86\u82f1\u8054\u90a6[125]<\/a>[153]<\/a>[\u7ef4\u6c83\u5c14\u5fb7\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5357\u975e\u7684\u201c\u8363\u8000\u4e0e\u5c0a\u4e25\u201d\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u88ab\u82f1\u8054\u90a6\u79a0\u593a\u5176\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\u524d\u81ea\u884c\u9000\u51fa\u3002]<\/sup>\uff0c\u76f4\u81f31994\u5e74\u624d\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u5165[153]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u4e8c\u4e16\u7684\u5357\u975e\u541b\u4e3b<\/a>\u79f0\u53f7\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u672b\u4efb\u5357\u975e\u603b\u7763<\/a>\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u7f57\u4f2f\u8328\u00b7\u65af\u74e6\u5c14\u7279<\/a>\u5219\u6210\u4e3a\u9996\u4efb\u56fd\u5bb6\u603b\u7edf<\/a>[154]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5a01\u65af\u654f\u65af\u7279\u4f53\u7cfb<\/a>\u7684\u8ba9\u6b65\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u603b\u7edf\u804c\u4f4d\u4ecd\u662f\u7531\u8bae\u4f1a\u4efb\u547d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ea\u5c5e\u793c\u4eea\u6027\u804c\u52a1<\/a>\uff0c\u5b9e\u6743\u4f9d\u7136\u5728\u603b\u7406\u624b\u4e0a\u30021966\u5e74\uff0c\u7ef4\u6c83\u5c14\u5fb7\u5728\u5f00\u666e\u6566\u906d\u5230\u523a\u6740\u8eab\u4ea1[28]<\/a>[137]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u7531\u5df4\u5c14\u8428\u6cfd\u00b7\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5185\u65af\u00b7\u6c83\u65af\u7279<\/a>\u7ee7\u4efb\u603b\u7406\u3002\u6c83\u65af\u7279\u4efb\u5185\u58f0\u660e\u575a\u6301\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8f83\u524d\u4efb\u603b\u7406\u7565\u4e3a\u5f00\u660e\uff0c\u6c83\u65af\u7279\u8868\u793a\u613f\u610f\u4e0e\u90bb\u56fd\u9ed1\u4eba\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5408\u4f5c\u6765\u8bd5\u56fe\u548c\u5e73\u89e3\u51b3\u7f57\u5f97\u897f\u4e9a<\/a>\u4e0e\u897f\u5357\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u51b2\u7a81<\/a>[28]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u6c83\u65af\u7279\u653f\u5e9c\u53d1\u8d77\u6838\u6b66\u5668<\/a>\u53d1\u5c55\u8ba1\u5212[39]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u768410\u5e74\u5185\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u751f\u4ea7\u4e866\u79cd\u53ef\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7684\u6838\u6b66\u5668[39]<\/a><\/sup>[155]<\/a><\/sup>[156]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1978\u5e74\uff0c\u6c83\u65af\u7279\u5ba3\u5e03\u8f9e\u804c\uff0c\u7531\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u6ce2\u5854<\/a>\u63a5\u4efb\u603b\u7406[28]<\/a><\/sup>[157]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6ce2\u5854\u4efb\u5185\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u653f\u7b56\u6bd4\u4ed6\u7684\u524d\u4efb\u8f83\u4e3a\u5bbd\u677e[158]<\/a><\/sup>\uff1a\u4ed6\u5c06\u8fc7\u53bb\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u95f4\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb<\/a>\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\uff1b\u53d6\u6d88\u7981\u6b62\u5efa\u7acb\u8de8\u79cd\u65cf\u515a\u6d3e\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1b\u53c8\u628a\u7981\u6b62\u975e\u767d\u4eba\u5728\u90e8\u5206\u767d\u4eba\u5730\u533a\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\u653e\u5bbd[158]<\/a><\/sup>\u30021983\u5e74\uff0c\u6ce2\u5854\u63d0\u8bae\u65b0\u7684\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u6cd5\u6848<\/a>\u300b[159]<\/a><\/sup>\uff1a\u65b0\u5baa\u6cd5\u5c06\u53d6\u6d88\u603b\u7406\u7684\u804c\u52a1\uff1b\u5de9\u56fa\u4e14\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u56fd\u5bb6\u603b\u7edf\u53ea\u987b\u5bf9\u8bae\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\uff1b\u5e76\u4e3a\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u4e0e\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u5e26\u6765\u6709\u9650\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229[159]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5176\u540e\uff0c\u65b0\u5baa\u6cd5\u5728\u516c\u6295<\/a>\u4e2d\u83b7\u591a\u6570\u767d\u4eba\u9009\u6c11\u8d5e\u6210\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u30021984\u5e74\uff0c\u603b\u7406\u804c\u52a1\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d6\u6d88\uff0c\u6ce2\u5854\u8f6c\u4e3a\u62c5\u4efb\u56fd\u5bb6\u603b\u7edf\u804c\u52a1[157]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5411\u9ed1\u4eba\u7ed9\u4e88\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\u3001\u7ed3\u675f\u767d\u4eba\u7edf\u6cbb\u7b49\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u6ce2\u5854\u6beb\u4e0d\u8ba9\u6b65[157]<\/a><\/sup>[158]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5357\u975e\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u90fd\u6709\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u4f46\u6ce2\u5854\u653f\u5e9c\u4ecd\u7136\u7ee7\u7eed\u900f\u8fc7\u7acb\u6cd5\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u884c\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u6ce2\u5854\u4e0b\u4ee4\u5b89\u5168\u90e8\u961f\u9547\u538b\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u5f02\u89c1\u4eba\u58eb<\/a>[28]<\/a><\/sup>[158]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u66b4\u529b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4ea6\u53d8\u5f97\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u975e\u56fd\u5927<\/a>\u3001\u963f\u624e\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u6c11\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca\u963f\u624e\u5c3c\u4e9a\u6cdb\u975e\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5927\u4f1a<\/a>\u7b49\u53cd\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u91c7\u7528\u6e38\u51fb\u6218<\/a>[160]<\/a><\/sup>\u4e0e\u57ce\u5e02\u7834\u574f\u884c\u52a8<\/a>[161]<\/a><\/sup>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5bf9\u6297\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u5076\u5c14\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u62b5\u6297\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e89\u593a\u5357\u975e\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81[162]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2.6.1 \u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u7ed3\u675f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    \u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u7eb3\u5c14\u900a\u00b7\u66fc\u5fb7\u62c9<\/a>\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u56fd\u6c11\u5927\u4f1a<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \u56fe2-18\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \u66fc\u6208\u82cf\u56fe\u00b7\u5e03\u7279\u83b1\u9f50<\/a>\u548c\u54c8\u91cc\u00b7\u65bd\u74e6\u8328<\/a>\u4e8e1974\u5e74\u7b7e\u7f72\u7684\u300a\u9a6c\u8d6b\u62c9\u5df4\u8482\u5c3c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5ba3\u8a00<\/a>\u300b\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u548c\u5e73\u8fc7\u6e21\u6743\u529b\u53ca\u4eba\u4eba\u5e73\u7b49<\/a>\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u662f\u5357\u975e\u9ed1\u4eba\u4e0e\u767d\u4eba\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9996\u9879\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u6b64\u7c7b\u534f\u8bae[163]<\/a><\/sup>\u30021989\u5e74\uff0c\u6ce2\u5854\u5ba3\u5e03\u8f9e\u804c\uff0c\u7531\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u5fb7\u514b\u52d2\u514b<\/a>\u63a5\u4efb\u56fd\u5bb6\u603b\u7edf[28]<\/a><\/sup>[157]<\/a><\/sup>[158]<\/a><\/sup>[164]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1990\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u514b\u52d2\u514b\u653f\u5e9c\u5ba3\u5e03\u89e3\u9664\u5bf9\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u56fd\u6c11\u5927\u4f1a<\/a>\uff08\u975e\u56fd\u5927\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7981\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fc8\u51fa\u6452\u5f03\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65[13]<\/a><\/sup>[30]<\/a><\/sup>[164]<\/a><\/sup>[165]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5fb7\u514b\u52d2\u514b\u4efb\u5185\u4ee5\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769<\/a>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u975e\u56fd\u5927\u534f\u5546[163]<\/a><\/sup>[164]<\/a><\/sup>[166]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5357\u975e\u5171\u4ea7\u515a<\/a>\u53ca\u975e\u56fd\u5927\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u5316<\/a>[13]<\/a><\/sup>[164]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u800c\u653f\u5e9c\u4ea6\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u5148\u540e\u5728\u7f57\u672c\u5c9b<\/a>\u3001\u6ce2\u5c14\u65af\u7a46\u5c14<\/a>\u53ca\u7ef4\u514b\u6258\u00b7\u97e6\u65af\u7279<\/a>\u4e09\u4e2a\u76d1\u72f1\u670d\u5211<\/a>\u517127\u5e74\u7684\u7eb3\u5c14\u900a\u00b7\u66fc\u5fb7\u62c9<\/a>[13]<\/a><\/sup>[164]<\/a><\/sup>[167]<\/a><\/sup>[168]<\/a><\/sup>[169]<\/a><\/sup>[170]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u518d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u6570\u767d\u4eba\u9009\u6c11\u516c\u6295<\/a>\u7684\u6279\u51c6\u540e\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5e9f\u9664\u4e86\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u7acb\u6cd5[30]<\/a><\/sup>[164]<\/a><\/sup>[166]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u968f\u7740\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u538b\u529b\u589e\u5927\u53ca\u9010\u6e10\u5b9e\u73b0\u79cd\u65cf\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u540c\u610f\u8ba9\u5176\u7edf\u6cbb\u8fd175\u5e74\u7684\u897f\u5357\u975e\u6d32\u72ec\u7acb[171]<\/a><\/sup>\u30021990\u5e742\u67089\u65e5\uff0c\u7eb3\u7c73\u6bd4\u4e9a<\/a>\u5236\u8ba2\u4e86\u5176\u5baa\u6cd5<\/a>\u30023\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u7eb3\u7c73\u6bd4\u4e9a\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba3\u5e03\u4ece\u5357\u975e\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u72ec\u7acb[172]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u4ea6\u5ba3\u5e03\u6467\u6bc1\u5176\u6838\u6b66<\/a>\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1991\u5e74\u52a0\u5165\u300a\u4e0d\u6269\u6563\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u6761\u7ea6<\/a>\u300b[39]<\/a><\/sup>[40]<\/a><\/sup>\u30021993\u5e74\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u56fd\u5bb6\u603b\u7edf\u5fb7\u514b\u52d2\u514b\u4e0e\u66fc\u5fb7\u62c9\u5c31\u653f\u7b56\u53ca\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u53cc\u8fb9\u8ba8\u8bba[163]<\/a><\/sup>\u30021994\u5e743\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u5c06\u9cb8\u6e7e\u6e2f<\/a>\u4e0e\u4f01\u9e45\u7fa4\u5c9b<\/a>\u79fb\u4ea4\u7ed9\u7eb3\u7c73\u6bd4\u4e9a[173]<\/a><\/sup>\u30024\u6708\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u4e3e\u884c\u9996\u6b21\u4e0d\u5206\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u9009\u4e3e<\/a>[163]<\/a><\/sup>[164]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u66fc\u5fb7\u62c9\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u975e\u56fd\u5927\u4ee5\u538b\u5012\u591a\u6570\u83b7\u80dc[174]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u81ea1994\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u975e\u56fd\u5927\u4e00\u76f4\u6267\u653f[175]<\/a><\/sup>[176]<\/a><\/sup>[177]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u4ea6\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u82f1\u8054\u90a6<\/a>[153]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u5357\u90e8\u975e\u6d32\u53d1\u5c55\u5171\u540c\u4f53<\/a>\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2.6.2 \u540e\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u65f6\u671f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    \u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u5357\u975e\u5386\u53f2 (1994\u5e74\u81f3\u4eca)<\/a><\/em> \/ Further information: History of South Africa (1994\u2013present)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \u56fe2-19\u548c2-20\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \u5728\u5357\u975e\u540e\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u65f6\u671f<\/a>\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u9762\u4e34\u8bb8\u591a\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u5931\u4e1a\u7387<\/a>\u4e00\u76f4\u5c45\u9ad8\u4e0d\u4e0b[26]<\/a><\/sup>[30]<\/a><\/sup>[178]<\/a><\/sup>[179]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u9ed1\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0a\u5347\u5230\u4e2d<\/a>\u4e0a<\/a>\u9636\u5c42<\/a>[26]<\/a><\/sup>[180]<\/a><\/sup>[181]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u4f46\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u4ecd\u7136\u57281994\u5e74\u81f32003\u5e74\u95f4\u6076\u5316[179]<\/a><\/sup>[182]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u7ed3\u675f\u524d\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u8d2b\u7a77\u767d\u4eba\u5219\u6709\u6240\u589e\u52a0[183]<\/a><\/sup>[184]<\/a><\/sup>[185]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u73b0\u4efb\u653f\u5e9c\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d27\u5e01\u4e0e\u8d22\u653f\u7eaa\u5f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u8d22\u5bcc\u518d\u5206\u914d<\/a>[186]<\/a><\/sup>\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f[187]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u81ea\u4ece1994\u5e74\u975e\u56fd\u5927\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0a\u53f0\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u5728\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u6307\u6570<\/a>\u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u6b21<\/a>\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u76f4\u52301990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u624d\u91cd\u65b0\u7a33\u6b65\u4e0a\u5347[188]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5<\/a>\u4e0e\u75c5\u6bd2<\/a>\u5728\u5357\u975e\u7684\u5927\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u5e9c\u65e9\u5e74\u672a\u80fd\u91c7\u53d6\u653f\u7b56\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898[189]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2008\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u7684\u6392\u5916\u9a9a\u4e71<\/a>\u9020\u6210\u81f3\u5c1160\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1[190]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4f4f\u623f\u6743\u5229\u4e0e\u9a71\u9010\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/a>\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc710\u4e07\u4eba\u56e0\u800c\u88ab\u8d76\u51fa\u5bb6\u56ed[191]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u9a9a\u4e71\u9488\u5bf9\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e87\u62a4<\/a>\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u53ca\u96be\u6c11<\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u662f\u5357\u975e\u516c\u6c11[190]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u57282006\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8c03\u67e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u79fb\u6c11\u9879\u76ee\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u4eba\u6bd4\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u4eba\u66f4\u53cd\u5bf9\u79fb\u6c11[192]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u96be\u6c11\u7f72<\/a>\u57282008\u5e74\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u5357\u975e\u7533\u8bf7\u5e87\u62a4\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8fc7200,000\u4eba\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u524d\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u56db\u500d[193]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u6d25\u5df4\u5e03\u97e6\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u6765\u81ea\u5e03\u9686\u8fea<\/a>\u3001\u521a\u679c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>\u3001\u5362\u65fa\u8fbe<\/a>\u3001\u5384\u7acb\u7279\u91cc\u4e9a<\/a>\u3001\u57c3\u585e\u4fc4\u6bd4\u4e9a<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca\u7d22\u9a6c\u91cc<\/a>[193]<\/a><\/sup>[194]<\/a><\/sup>[195]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5c31\u4e1a\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u3001\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u53ca\u4f4f\u623f\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u5bfc\u81f4\u96be\u6c11\u4e0e\u6536\u5bb9\u793e\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u51fa\u73b0\u7d27\u5f20\u5c40\u52bf[193]<\/a><\/sup>[194]<\/a><\/sup>[195]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6392\u5916<\/a>\u5fc3\u7406\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898[196]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u6700\u521d\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u90a3\u4e48\u666e\u904d[193]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5357\u975e\u7ee7\u7eed\u52aa\u529b\u89e3\u51b3\u79cd\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6709\u5f85\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u300a\u4ec7\u6068\u72af\u7f6a\u4e0e\u4ec7\u6068\u8a00\u8bba\u6cd5\u6848<\/a>\u300b[197]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u5357\u975e\u5bf9\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7981\u4ee4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u627f\u8bfa[198]<\/a><\/sup>[199]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    On 14 February 2018, Jacob Zuma resigned the presidency. Since 15 February, ANC president Cyril Ramaphosa<\/a> has been President of South Africa. On 16 March 2018, just over a month after President<\/a> Jacob Zuma<\/a> resigned from the presidency, National Director of Public Prosecutions Shaun Abrahams<\/a> announced that Zuma would again face prosecution<\/a> on 16 criminal charges \u2013 12 charges of fraud, two of corruption, and one each of racketeering and money laundering, just as in the 2006 indictment. A warrant was issued for his arrest in February 2020 after he failed to appear in court. In 2021 he was found guilty<\/a> of contempt of court<\/a> and sentenced to 15 months’ imprisonment. In response, supporters of Zuma engaged in protests<\/a> which led to riots, looting, vandalism and widespread violence, leaving 354 people dead.[99]<\/a><\/sup>
    \u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112018\u5e742\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u96c5\u5404\u5e03\u00b7\u7956\u9a6c\u8f9e\u53bb\u603b\u7edf\u804c\u52a1\u3002\u81ea2\u670815\u65e5\u8d77\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u6c11\u5927\u4f1a\uff08ANC\uff09\u4e3b\u5e2d\u897f\u91cc\u5c14\u00b7\u62c9\u9a6c\u798f\u8428\u62c5\u4efb\u5357\u975e\u603b\u7edf\u30022018\u5e743\u670816\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u603b\u7edf\u96c5\u5404\u5e03\u00b7\u7956\u9a6c\u8f9e\u53bb\u603b\u7edf\u804c\u52a1\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u6708\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u68c0\u5bdf\u603b\u957f\u8096\u6069\u00b7\u963f\u5e03\u62c9\u54c8\u59c6\u65af\u5ba3\u5e03\uff0c\u7956\u9a6c\u5c06\u518d\u6b21\u9762\u4e3416\u9879\u5211\u4e8b\u6307\u63a7\u7684\u8d77\u8bc9\u2014\u2014\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec12\u9879\u6b3a\u8bc8\u6307\u63a7\u30012\u9879\u8150\u8d25\u6307\u63a7\u30011\u9879\u6572\u8bc8\u52d2\u7d22\u6307\u63a7\u548c1\u9879\u6d17\u94b1\u6307\u63a7\uff0c\u4e0e2006\u5e74\u7684\u8d77\u8bc9\u4e66\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u672a\u51fa\u5ead\uff0c2020\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u902e\u6355\u4ee4\u30022021\u5e74\uff0c\u7956\u9a6c\u88ab\u5224\u85d0\u89c6\u6cd5\u5ead\u7f6a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u5224\u590415\u4e2a\u6708\u76d1\u7981\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u7956\u9a6c\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u53d1\u8d77\u6297\u8bae\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u9a9a\u4e71\u3001\u62a2\u52ab\u3001\u7834\u574f\u548c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u66b4\u529b\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u9020\u6210354\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002[99]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    South Africa has been undergoing a period of intense political and economic crisis since 2020 with growing numbers of international institutions, businesses and political figures warning that the country risks collapsing into a failed state<\/a> due to high unemployment, low economic growth, low business investment, rising levels of violent crime, disorder, political corruption, and state capture<\/a>.[100]<\/a>[101]<\/a>[102]<\/a>[103]<\/a>[104]<\/a><\/sup> The country been undergoing an energy crisis<\/a> since 2007, resulting in routine rolling electricity blackouts due to loadshedding<\/a>.[105]<\/a><\/sup> According to the International Monetary Fund<\/a>, South Africa is suffering from “massive corruption” and state capture.[106]<\/a><\/sup>
    \u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u81ea2020\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u4e8e\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u6784\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u8b66\u544a\u79f0\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u9ad8\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7f13\u6162\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u6295\u8d44\u4f4e\u8ff7\u3001\u66b4\u529b\u72af\u7f6a\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u5347\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u8361\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u8150\u8d25\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u5bb6\u88ab\u4fd8\u83b7\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca6\u4e3a\u5931\u8d25\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002[100][101][102][103][104]\u81ea2007\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u4e00\u76f4\u9762\u4e34\u80fd\u6e90\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ecf\u5e38\u56e0\u9650\u7535\u800c\u5b9e\u884c\u8f6e\u6d41\u505c\u7535\u3002[105]\u636e\u56fd\u9645\u8d27\u5e01\u57fa\u91d1\u7ec4\u7ec7\u79f0\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u6b63\u906d\u53d7\u201c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8150\u8d25\u201d\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u88ab\u4fd8\u83b7\u7684\u56f0\u6270\u3002[106]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The Zondo Commission<\/a>, established in 2018 in order to investigate allegations of corruption and state capture released its findings in 2022. It found rampant corruption at every level of government, including Transnet<\/a>, Eskom<\/a>, and Denel<\/a>, as well as law enforcement<\/a>, intelligence agencies<\/a>, and the civil service<\/a>. It documented evidence of systemic corruption<\/a>, fraud<\/a>, racketeering<\/a>, bribery<\/a>, money laundering<\/a>, and state capture. It investigated the African National Congress<\/a> party and Jacob Zuma, whom it concluded were complicit in state capture through their direct assistance to the Gupta family<\/a>.[107]<\/a>[108]<\/a><\/sup> “The Commission estimated the total amount of money spent by the state which was ‘tainted’ by state capture to be around R57 billion. More than 97% of the R57 billion came from Transnet and Eskom. Out of these funds, the Gupta enterprise received at least R15 billion. The total loss to the state is difficult to quantify, but would far exceed that R15 billion.”[108]<\/a><\/sup>
    \u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112018\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u7956\u591a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08Zondo Commission\uff09\u8d1f\u8d23\u8c03\u67e5\u8150\u8d25\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u88ab\u4fd8\u83b7\u7684\u6307\u63a7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e2022\u5e74\u516c\u5e03\u4e86\u8c03\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5357\u975e\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fd0\u8f93\u96c6\u56e2\uff08Transnet\uff09\u3001\u5357\u975e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7535\u529b\u516c\u53f8\uff08Eskom\uff09\u548c\u5357\u975e\u56fd\u9632\u5de5\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\uff08Denel\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6267\u6cd5\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u60c5\u62a5\u673a\u6784\u548c\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u5747\u5b58\u5728\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u8150\u8d25\u3001\u6b3a\u8bc8\u3001\u6572\u8bc8\u52d2\u7d22\u3001\u8d3f\u8d42\u3001\u6d17\u94b1\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u88ab\u4fd8\u83b7\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5bf9\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u6c11\u5927\u4f1a\uff08ANC\uff09\u548c\u96c5\u5404\u5e03\u00b7\u7956\u9a6c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u76f4\u63a5\u534f\u52a9\u53e4\u666e\u5854\u5bb6\u65cf\u800c\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u88ab\u4fd8\u83b7\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8d1f\u6709\u5171\u8c0b\u8d23\u4efb\u3002[107][108]\u201c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u56e0\u56fd\u5bb6\u88ab\u4fd8\u83b7\u800c\u2018\u53d7\u5230\u6c61\u67d3\u2019\u7684\u603b\u652f\u51fa\u7ea6\u4e3a570\u4ebf\u5170\u7279\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc797%\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u6765\u81ea\u5357\u975e\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fd0\u8f93\u96c6\u56e2\u548c\u5357\u975e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7535\u529b\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u91d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u53e4\u666e\u5854\u4f01\u4e1a\u81f3\u5c11\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86150\u4ebf\u5170\u7279\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u603b\u635f\u5931\u96be\u4ee5\u91cf\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7150\u4ebf\u5170\u7279\u3002\u201d[108]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    South Africa has maintained a position of neutrality in regards to the Russia invasion of Ukraine<\/a> in 2022 and the ongoing war<\/a>. On 29 December 2023, South Africa formally submitted its case<\/a> to the International Court of Justice<\/a> regarding Israel<\/a>‘s conduct in the Gaza Strip<\/a> as part of the Israel\u2013Hamas war<\/a>, alleging that Israel had committed and was committing genocide against Palestinians<\/a> in the Gaza Strip. South Africa has repeatedly hosted senior leaders of Hamas<\/a>, the group responsible for the October 7th massacre<\/a> in Israel.[109]<\/a>[110]<\/a><\/sup>
    \u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5357\u975e\u5bf9 2022 \u5e74\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5165\u4fb5\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u548c\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4fdd\u6301\u4e2d\u7acb\u30022023 \u5e74 12 \u6708 29 \u65e5\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5411\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u9662\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5728\u4ee5\u8272\u5217-\u54c8\u9a6c\u65af\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u5728\u52a0\u6c99\u5730\u5e26\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u6307\u63a7\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5bf9\u52a0\u6c99\u5730\u5e26\u7684\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u79cd\u65cf\u706d\u7edd\u5e76\u6b63\u5728\u5b9e\u65bd\u79cd\u65cf\u706d\u7edd\u3002\u5357\u975e\u591a\u6b21\u63a5\u5f85\u54c8\u9a6c\u65af\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5bf9 10 \u6708 7 \u65e5\u5728\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u8d1f\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u3002[109][110]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2024\u5e74\u5927\u9009<\/a>\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5355\u72ec\u6267\u653f\u7684\u975e\u56fd\u5927\u4ecd\u8d62\u5f97\u6700\u591a\u8bae\u5e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u5168\u56fd\u5f97\u7968\u7387\u9996\u6b21\u8dcc\u81f350%\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u662f\u5357\u975e\u7ed3\u675f\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb30\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u9996\u6b21\u3002\u5176\u540e\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u62c9\u9a6c\u798f\u8428\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e0e\u539f\u6700\u5927\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u6c11\u4e3b\u8054\u76df<\/a>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u5361\u5854\u81ea\u7531\u515a<\/a>\u4e0e\u7231\u56fd\u8054\u76df<\/a>\u8fbe\u6210\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u7ec4\u6210\u6c11\u65cf\u56e2\u7ed3\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\uff0c\u662f\u81ea\u7eb3\u5c14\u900a\u00b7\u66fc\u5fb7\u62c9\u5185\u9601<\/a>\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u8054\u5408\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>[200]<\/a><\/sup>[201]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3. \u5730\u7406 | Geography<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u5357\u975e\u5730\u7406<\/a> \/ Main article: Geography of South Africa<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \u56fe3-1\u81f33-4\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \u5357\u975e\u4f4d\u4e8e\u975e\u6d32\u6700\u5357\u7aef\uff0c\u6d77\u5cb8\u7ebf\u6cbf\u7740\u5357\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u4e0e\u5357\u5370\u5ea6\u6d0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5927\u6d0b\u5ef6\u4f38\u8d85\u8fc72,500\u516c\u91cc\uff081,553\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u56fd\u571f\u9762\u79ef\u5219\u8fbe1,219,912\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff08471,011\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09[12]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u6839\u636e\u300a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u5e74\u9274<\/a>\u300b\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c24\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6[202]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u4e0e\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a<\/a>\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u5927\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u4e24\u500d\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u4e09\u500d\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u56db\u500d\u6216\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u4e94\u500d[203]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4f4d\u4e8e\u5fb7\u62c9\u80af\u65af\u5821<\/a>\u7684\u9a6c\u6cd5\u8fea<\/a>\u9ad8\u8fbe\u6d77\u62d4<\/a>3,450\u7c73\uff0811,320\u82f1\u5c3a\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u5357\u975e\u6700\u9ad8\u5cf0\u3002\u5357\u975e\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7eac\u5ea6<\/a>\u8303\u56f4\u5357\u7eac22\u5ea6<\/a>\u81f3\u5357\u7eac35\u5ea6<\/a>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ecf\u5ea6<\/a>\u8303\u56f4\u4e1c\u7ecf16\u5ea6<\/a>\u81f3\u4e1c\u7ecf33\u5ea6<\/a>\u4e4b\u95f4[\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u738b\u5b50\u7fa4\u5c9b\u3002]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5357\u975e\u5185\u9646\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u7531\u5e7f\u9614\u5e73\u5766\u7684\u9ad8\u539f<\/a>\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5728\u6d77\u62d41,000\u7c73\u81f32,100\u7c73\uff083,300\u82f1\u5c3a\u81f36,900\u82f1\u5c3a\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u4e1c\u90e8\u5730\u52bf\u6700\u9ad8\uff0c\u897f\u90e8\u4e0e\u5317\u90e8\u5e73\u7f13\u503e\u659c\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u5357\u90e8\u4e0e\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u5219\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5730\u52bf\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5927\u9661\u5d16<\/a>\u5305\u56f4\u7740\u8fd9\u5ea7\u9ad8\u539f[204]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u5176\u4e1c\u90e8\u53ca\u6700\u9ad8\u5cf0\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u90e8\u5206\u79f0\u4e3a\u5fb7\u62c9\u80af\u65af\u5821[205]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u9ad8\u539f\u7684\u5357\u90e8\u4e0e\u897f\u5357\u90e8\uff08\u7ea6\u6d77\u62d41,100\u7c73\u81f31,800\u7c73\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0b\u9762\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u5e73\u539f\uff08\u6d77\u62d4700\u7c73\u81f3800\u7c73\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u89c1\u53f3\u56fe\uff09\u79f0\u4e3a\u5927\u5361\u9c81<\/a>\uff0c\u7531\u4eba\u53e3\u7a00\u5c11\u7684\u704c\u6728\u4e1b\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5728\u5927\u5361\u9c81\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u5361\u62c9\u54c8\u91cc\u6c99\u6f20<\/a>\u4e3a\u5e72\u65f1\u7684\u4e1b\u6797\u5730\u5e26\u3002\u9ad8\u539f\u7684\u4e2d\u4e1c\u90e8\u53ca\u6700\u9ad8\u90e8\u5206\u79f0\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5730\u8349\u539f<\/a>\u3002\u8c6a\u767b\u7701<\/a>\u6c14\u5019\u76f8\u5bf9\u6e7f\u6da6\uff0c\u662f\u5357\u975e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5546\u4e1a\u519c\u7530\u4e0e\u6700\u5927\u57ce\u5e02<\/a>\u7684\u6240\u5728\u5730\u3002\u5728\u9ad8\u5730\u8349\u539f\u7684\u5357\u7eac25\u5ea630\u5206\u5411\u5317\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u704c\u6728\u4e1b\u8349\u539f<\/a>\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5230\u8fbe\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6797\u6ce2\u6ce2\u7701\u7684\u4f4e\u5730\u53ca\u5176\u8349\u539f<\/a>[204]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4f4d\u4e8e\u5927\u9661\u5d16\u4e0b\u7684\u6d77\u5cb8\u5e26\u7531\u6797\u6ce2\u6ce2\u7701\u4f4e\u5730\u8349\u539f\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u5f80\u987a\u65f6\u9488\u65b9\u5411<\/a>\u5ef6\u4f38\uff0c\u8be5\u6d77\u57df\u4e0e\u666e\u9a6c\u5170\u52a0\u7701<\/a>\u5fb7\u62c9\u80af\u65af\u5821\uff08\u5373\u5927\u9661\u5d16\u4e1c\u90e8\uff09\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u4f4e\u5730\u8349\u539f\u6c47\u5408[206]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4f4e\u5730\u8349\u539f\u6bd4\u65ad\u5d16\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u9ad8\u5730\u8349\u539f\u66f4\u70ed\u3001\u66f4\u5e72\u71e5\uff0c\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u690d\u7269\u751f\u5b58[204]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5357\u975e\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u6797\u6ce2\u6ce2\u7701\u4e0e\u666e\u9a6c\u5170\u52a0\u7701\u7684\u514b\u7559\u683c\u5c14\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u56ed\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u4f4e\u5730\u8349\u539f\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u9762\u79ef\u8fbe19,633\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff087,580\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09[207]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u4f4e\u5730\u8349\u539f\u5357\u90e8\uff0c\u5e74\u964d\u6c34\u91cf\u968f\u7740\u8fdb\u5230\u8fbe\u5938\u7956\u9c81-\u7eb3\u5854\u5c14\u7701<\/a>\u800c\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u4e9a\u70ed\u5e26\u7684\u6e7f\u70ed\u6d77\u5cb8\u9644\u8fd1\u3002\u5938\u7956\u9c81-\u7eb3\u5854\u5c14\u7701\u4e0e\u83b1\u7d22\u6258\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u7531\u5927\u9661\u5d16\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u5fb7\u62c9\u80af\u65af\u5821\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6d77\u62d43,000\u7c73\uff089,800\u82f1\u5c3a\uff09[208]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5fb7\u62c9\u80af\u65af\u5821\u5c71\u8109\u7684\u5c71\u811a\u6c14\u5019\u6e29\u548c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4f4d\u4e8e\u5927\u9661\u5d16\u5357\u90e8\u548c\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u5ef6\u4f38\u90e8\u5206\u4e0b\u65b9\u7684\u6d77\u5cb8\u5e26\u5305\u542b\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e0e\u6d77\u5cb8\u5e73\u884c\u7684\u5f00\u666e\u8936\u76b1\u5c71\u8109<\/a>\uff0c\u5c06\u5927\u9661\u5d16\u548c\u6d77\u6d0b\u5206\u9694\u5f00[209]<\/a><\/sup>[210]<\/a><\/sup>\uff08\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e73\u884c\u7684\u8936\u76b1\u5c71\u8109\u663e\u793a\u5728\u5730\u56fe\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c71\u8109\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u5927\u9661\u5d16\u8d70\u5411\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c71\u8109\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9646\u5730\uff08\u6d77\u62d4\u7ea6400\u7c73\u81f3500\u7c73\uff09\uff0c\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u8936\u76b1\u5c71\u8109\uff08\u5373\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u5965\u7279\u5c3c\u5938\u4e0e\u5170\u683c\u4f2f\u683c\u5c71\u8109\u53ca\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u65af\u74e6\u7279\u5c71\u8109<\/a>\u4e4b\u95f4\uff09\u79f0\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5361\u9c81<\/a>[204]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u534a\u6c99\u6f20\u7684\u704c\u6728\u4e1b\u5730\u5e26\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5927\u5361\u9c81\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u65af\u74e6\u7279\u5c71\u8109\u5c71\u811a\u4e0b\u7684\u5317\u90e8\u5730\u5e26\u7684\u964d\u96e8\u91cf\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6bd4\u5927\u5361\u9c81\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u4eba\u5de5\u683d\u57f9\u3002\u5c0f\u5361\u9c81\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4ee5\u517b\u6b96\u5965\u8328\u80e1\u6069\u9547<\/a>\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u9e35\u9e1f<\/a>\u800c\u95fb\u540d\u3002\u7531\u65af\u74e6\u7279\u5c71\u8109\u5317\u90e8\u5230\u8fbe\u5927\u9661\u5d16\u5c71\u8109\u4ee5\u5317\u7684\u4f4e\u5730\u5730\u533a\uff08\u6d77\u62d4700\u7c73\u81f3800\u7c73\uff09\u662f\u5927\u5361\u9c81\u7684\u4f4e\u5730\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u89c1\u53f3\u4e0a\u56fe\uff09\uff0c\u6c14\u5019\u548c\u690d\u7269\u5b66\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u6cd5\u533a\u5206\u5728\u5927\u9661\u5d16\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u5361\u9c81\u3002\u5411\u6d77\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5f00\u666e\u8936\u76b1\u5c71\u8109\uff08\u5373\u5170\u683c\u4f2f\u683c\uff0d\u5965\u8328\u80e1\u6069\u5c71\u8109\uff09\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u79f0\u4e3a\u82b1\u56ed\u5927\u9053<\/a>\u7684\u4e54\u6cbb\uff0d\u514b\u5c3c\u65af\u7eb3\uff0d\u666e\u5229\u767b\u5821\u6e7e\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5176\u4e0e\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u72ed\u7a84\u6cbf\u6d77\u5730\u5e26\u7684\u5168\u5e74\u964d\u96e8\u91cf\u9002\u91cf\u5730\u9ad8\u3002\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5357\u975e\u6700\u591a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u68ee\u6797\u5730\u533a\u800c\u95fb\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5728\u5357\u975e\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u5f00\u666e\u534a\u5c9b<\/a>\u662f\u5357\u975e\u6cbf\u6d77\u5730\u5e26\u4e0e\u5927\u897f\u6d0b<\/a>\u63a5\u58e4\u7684\u6700\u5357\u7aef\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u5965\u5170\u6cbb\u6cb3<\/a>\u7684\u5357\u975e\uff0d\u7eb3\u7c73\u6bd4\u4e9a\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5f00\u666e\u534a\u5c9b\u5c5e\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u6c14\u5019\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u534a\u5c9b\u53ca\u5176\u5468\u56f4\u5730\u533a\u6210\u4e3a\u6492\u54c8\u62c9\u4ee5\u5357\u975e\u6d32\u51ac\u5b63\u964d\u96e8\u91cf<\/a>\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u533a[211]<\/a><\/sup>[212]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u6839\u636e2011\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5f00\u666e\u534a\u5c9b\u7684\u5f00\u666e\u6566\u5927\u90fd\u4f1a\u533a<\/a>\u4e3a\u5357\u975e\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u9996\u90fd\uff0c\u62e5\u6709370\u4e07\u4eba\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5f00\u666e\u534a\u5c9b\u4ee5\u5317\u7684\u6cbf\u6d77\u5730\u5e26\u897f\u9762\u662f\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\uff0c\u800c\u4e1c\u9762\u662f\u200b\u200b\u4e00\u6392\u5357\u5317\u5411\u7684\u5c71\u8109<\/a>\u3002\u5f00\u666e\u8936\u76b1\u5c71\u8109\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5357\u7eac32\u5ea6\u9644\u8fd1[210]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u5927\u9661\u5d16\u5219\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u6cbf\u6d77\u5e73\u539f\u3002\u8be5\u6d77\u5cb8\u5e26\u6700\u5357\u7aef\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u79f0\u4e3a\u65af\u74e6\u7279\u5170<\/a>\u53ca\u9a6c\u59c6\u65af\u4f2f\u91cc\u5e73\u539f<\/a>\uff0c\u662f\u5357\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5c0f\u9ea6\u79cd\u690d\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u4f9d\u9760\u51ac\u5b63\u964d\u96e8\u3002\u66f4\u5317\u7684\u5730\u533a\u5219\u79f0\u4e3a\u7eb3\u9a6c\u5938\u5170<\/a>[213]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u63a5\u8fd1\u5965\u5170\u6cbb\u6cb3<\/a>\u800c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5e72\u65f1\u3002\u5c0f\u96e8\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u51ac\u5b63\u964d\u4e0b[212]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u8349\u539f<\/a>\u5728\u6625\u5b63\uff088\u6708\u81f39\u6708\uff09\u7684\u82b1\u5349<\/a>\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u58ee\u89c2\u7684\u82b1\u5349\u666f\u8272\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u6d0b\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u738b\u5b50\u5c9b\u7701<\/a>\u540c\u540d\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u7fa4\u5c9b\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u738b\u5b50\u7fa4\u5c9b<\/a>\u3002\u8be5\u7fa4\u5c9b\u7531\u9a6c\u91cc\u6069\u5c9b<\/a>\uff08290\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\u6216110\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u53ca\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u738b\u5b50\u5c9b<\/a>\uff0845\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\u621617\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u7ec4\u6210[214]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3.2 \u6c14\u5019 | Climate<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Main article: Climate of South Africa<\/a>\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u5357\u975e\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \u56fe3-5\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \u5357\u975e\u4ee5\u70ed\u5e26\u8349\u539f\u6c14\u5019<\/a>\u4e3a\u4e3b[11]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u4e0e\u5370\u5ea6\u6d0b\u5206\u522b\u4ece\u4e1c\u3001\u5357\u3001\u897f\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u5305\u56f4\u5357\u975e[10]<\/a><\/sup>[215]<\/a><\/sup>\u3001\u5730\u52bf\u5317\u9ad8\u5357\u4f4e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7eac\u5ea6\u8de8\u5ea6\u8f83\u5e7f\u9020\u6210\u5185\u90e8\u6c14\u5019\u5206\u5f02[216]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u6c14\u5019\u5e26\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4ece\u6700\u897f\u5317\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u6bd4\u6c99\u6f20<\/a>\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u70ed\u5e26\u5e72\u65f1\u534a\u5e72\u65f1\u6c14\u5019<\/a>\uff0c\u5230\u4e1c\u90e8\u6cbf\u83ab\u6851\u6bd4\u514b\u8fb9\u754c\u53ca\u5370\u5ea6\u6d0b\u7684\u8302\u5bc6\u4e9a\u70ed\u5e26\u6c14\u5019<\/a>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u7684\u51ac\u5b63\u5728\u6bcf\u5e74\u76846\u6708\u81f38\u6708\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5357\u975e\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u5c5e\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u6c14\u5019<\/a>\uff0c\u51ac\u5b63<\/a>\u6f6e\u6e7f<\/a>\u3001\u590f\u5b63<\/a>\u708e\u70ed\u5e72\u71e5<\/a>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u7684\u704c\u6728\u4e1b<\/a>\u4e0e\u4e1b\u6797<\/a>\u62e5\u6709\u8457\u540d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7fa4\u7cfb<\/a>\u2014\u2014\u51e1\u6ce2\u65af<\/a>\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8461\u8404\u9152<\/a>\u7684\u4ea7\u5730\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u8fd8\u56e0\u5176\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u5e74\u95f4\u6b47\u6027\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u98ce<\/a>\u800c\u95fb\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u98ce\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u6027\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ed5\u8fc7\u597d\u671b\u89d2<\/a>\u7684\u4eba\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6c34\u624b<\/a>\uff09\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5371\u9669\u7684\uff0c\u4ea6\u9020\u6210\u8bb8\u591a\u6c89\u8239\u6b8b\u9ab8<\/a>[90]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u5357\u6d77\u5cb8\u4ee5\u4e1c\u7684\u82b1\u56ed\u5927\u9053<\/a>\uff0c\u5168\u5e74\u964d\u96e8\u91cf\u5206\u5e03\u66f4\u5747\u5300\uff0c\u5e76\u5f62\u6210\u7eff\u8272\u666f\u89c2[217]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u81ea\u7531\u90a6\u7701<\/a>\u4f4d\u4e8e\u9ad8\u539f\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u5730\u5f62\u7279\u522b\u5e73\u5766\u3002\u5728\u6cd5\u5c14\u6cb3<\/a>\u4ee5\u5317\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e9a\u70ed\u5e26\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u9ad8\u6e29\uff0c\u9ad8\u5730\u8349\u539f\u7684\u571f\u5730\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u6e7f\u6da6\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5185\u65af\u5821\u4f4d\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5730\u8349\u539f\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u6d77\u62d41,740\u7c73\uff085,709\u82f1\u5c3a\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u964d\u96e8\u91cf\u4e3a760\u6beb\u7c73\uff0829.9\u82f1\u5bf8\uff09\u3002\u867d\u7136\u79ef\u96ea\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u51ac\u5b63\u65f6\u5341\u5206\u5bd2\u51b7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5fb7\u62c9\u80af\u65af\u5821\u5c71\u8109\u5f62\u6210\u9ad8\u5730\u8349\u539f\u7684\u4e1c\u5357\u9661\u5d16\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8be5\u5c71\u8109\u5357\u4fa7\u7684\u8482\u82ac\u5fb7\u5c14\u6ed1\u96ea\u573a<\/a>\u5728\u51ac\u5b63\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6ed1\u96ea<\/a>\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5357\u975e\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f53\u9a8c\u6ed1\u96ea\u7684\u5730\u65b9[218]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u975e\u6d32\u5357\u90e8\u6700\u5bd2\u51b7\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7f57\u8d6b\u8d39\u5c14\u5fb7\u5c71<\/a>\u897f\u90e8\u7684\u8428\u745f\u5170<\/a>\uff0c\u5176\u51ac\u5b63\u65f6\u6c14\u6e29\u53ef\u4f4e\u81f3-15\u00b0C\uff085\u00b0F\uff09\u3002\u867d\u7136\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u738b\u5b50\u5c9b\u7684\u6bcf\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u6c14\u6e29\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u800c\u8428\u745f\u5170\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u6e29\u5ea6\u5219\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u975e\u6d32\u5357\u90e8\u5185\u9646\u6df1\u5904\u7684\u6c14\u6e29\u6700\u9ad8\uff1a1948\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u5317\u5f00\u666e\u7701<\/a>\u4e4c\u5e73\u901a<\/a>\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5580\u62c9\u54c8\u91cc\u7684\u6c14\u6e29\u4e3a51.7\u00b0C\uff08125.06\u00b0F\uff09[219]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u6e29\u5ea6\u5e76\u975e\u7528\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8bbe\u5907\u6240\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u30021993\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u7ef4\u6b27\u5c14\u65af\u5fb7\u91cc\u592b<\/a>\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u6700\u9ad8\u6c14\u6e29\u4e3a48.8\u00b0C\uff08119.84\u00b0F\uff09[220]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The coldest place on mainland South Africa is Buffelsfontein in the Eastern Cape<\/a>, where a temperature of \u221220.1 \u00b0C (\u22124.2 \u00b0F) was recorded in 2013.[128]<\/a><\/sup> The Prince Edward Islands have colder average annual temperatures, but Buffelsfontein has colder extremes. The deep interior of mainland South Africa has the hottest temperatures: a temperature of 51.7 \u00b0C (125.06 \u00b0F) was recorded in 1948 in the Northern Cape Kalahari near Upington<\/a>,[129]<\/a><\/sup> but this temperature is unofficial and was not recorded with standard equipment; the official highest temperature is 48.8 \u00b0C (119.84 \u00b0F) at Vioolsdrif<\/a> in January 1993.[130]<\/a><\/sup>
    \u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5357\u975e\u5927\u9646\u6700\u51b7\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e1c\u5f00\u666e\u7701\u7684\u5df4\u5f17\u5c14\u65af\u65b9\u4e39\uff0c\u8be5\u57302013\u5e74\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u7684\u6c14\u6e29\u4e3a-20.1\u00b0C\uff08-4.2\u00b0F\uff09\u3002[128]\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u738b\u5b50\u7fa4\u5c9b\u7684\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u6c14\u6e29\u66f4\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u5df4\u5f17\u5c14\u65af\u65b9\u4e39\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u4f4e\u6e29\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002\u5357\u975e\u5927\u9646\u7684\u5185\u9646\u6df1\u5904\u6c14\u6e29\u6700\u9ad8\uff1a1948\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u963f\u5e73\u987f\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5317\u5f00\u666e\u5361\u62c9\u54c8\u91cc\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u4e8651.7\u00b0C\uff08125.06\u00b0F\uff09\u7684\u9ad8\u6e29\uff0c[129]\u4f46\u8be5\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e3a\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4e14\u5e76\u975e\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u8bbe\u5907\u6d4b\u5f97\uff1b\u5b98\u65b9\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e3a1993\u5e741\u6708\u5728\u7ef4\u5965\u5c14\u65af\u5fb7\u91cc\u592b\u6d4b\u5f97\u768448.8\u00b0C\uff08119.84\u00b0F\uff09\u3002[130]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Climate change in South Africa<\/a> is leading to increased temperatures and rainfall variability. Extreme weather<\/a> events are becoming more prominent.[131]<\/a><\/sup> This is a critical concern for South Africans as climate change will affect the overall status and wellbeing of the country, for example with regards to water resources<\/a>. Speedy environmental changes are resulting in clear effects on the community and environmental level in different ways and aspects, starting with air quality, to temperature and weather patterns, reaching out to food security and disease burden.[132]<\/a><\/sup>
    \u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5357\u975e\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u6c14\u6e29\u4e0a\u5347\u548c\u964d\u96e8\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u52a0\u5267\u3002\u6781\u7aef\u5929\u6c14\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6108\u53d1\u9891\u7e41\u3002[131]\u8fd9\u5bf9\u5357\u975e\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u5cfb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u5c06\u5f71\u54cd\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u72b6\u51b5\u548c\u798f\u7949\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u5316\u6b63\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u5c42\u9762\u5728\u793e\u533a\u548c\u73af\u5883\u5c42\u9762\u4ea7\u751f\u660e\u663e\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ece\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u5230\u6c14\u6e29\u548c\u5929\u6c14\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u7cae\u98df\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u75be\u75c5\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002[132]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    According to computer-generated climate modelling produced by the South African National Biodiversity Institute,[133]<\/a><\/sup> parts of southern Africa will see an increase in temperature by about 1 \u00b0C (1.8 \u00b0F) along the coast to more than 4 \u00b0C (7.2 \u00b0F) in the already hot hinterland<\/a> such as the Northern Cape in late spring and summertime by 2050. The Cape Floral Region is predicted to be hit very hard by climate change. Drought, increased intensity and frequency of fire, and climbing temperatures are expected to push many rare species towards extinction. South Africa has published two national climate change reports in 2011 and 2016.[134]<\/a><\/sup> South Africa contributes considerable carbon dioxide emissions<\/a>, being the 14th largest emitter of carbon dioxide,[135]<\/a><\/sup> primarily from its heavy reliance on coal and oil for energy production<\/a>.[135]<\/a><\/sup> As part of its international commitments, South Africa has pledged to peak emissions between 2020 and 2025.[135]<\/a><\/sup>
    \u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u6839\u636e\u5357\u975e\u56fd\u5bb6\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6c14\u5019\u6a21\u578b\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c[133]\u52302050\u5e74\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u6cbf\u6d77\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6c14\u6e29\u5c06\u4e0a\u5347\u7ea61\u00b0C\uff081.8\u00b0F\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u665a\u6625\u548c\u590f\u5b63\u65f6\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u9177\u70ed\u7684\u5185\u9646\u5730\u533a\uff08\u5982\u5317\u5f00\u666e\u7701\uff09\u6c14\u6e29\u5c06\u4e0a\u5347\u8d85\u8fc74\u00b0C\uff087.2\u00b0F\uff09\u3002\u5f00\u666e\u690d\u7269\u533a\u9884\u8ba1\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u6253\u51fb\u3002\u5e72\u65f1\u3001\u706b\u707e\u5f3a\u5ea6\u548c\u9891\u7387\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c14\u6e29\u7684\u5347\u9ad8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u8bb8\u591a\u7a00\u6709\u7269\u79cd\u6fd2\u4e34\u706d\u7edd\u3002\u5357\u975e\u57282011\u5e74\u548c2016\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e24\u4efd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u62a5\u544a\u3002[134]\u5357\u975e\u662f\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u91cf\u7b2c14\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c[135]\u6392\u653e\u91cf\u76f8\u5f53\u53ef\u89c2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u6e90\u4e8e\u5176\u5bf9\u7164\u70ad\u548c\u77f3\u6cb9\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u751f\u4ea7\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002[135]\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u5df2\u627f\u8bfa\u57282020\u5e74\u81f32025\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\u8fbe\u5230\u6392\u653e\u5cf0\u503c\u3002[135]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3.3 \u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027 | Biodiversity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Main article: Biodiversity of South Africa<\/a>\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u5357\u975e\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    See also: Wildlife of South Africa<\/a>, Protected areas of South Africa<\/a>, and Marine biodiversity of South Africa<\/a>
    \u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u5357\u975e\u91ce\u751f\u52a8\u7269\u3001\u5357\u975e\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u3001\u5357\u975e\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5357\u975e\u4e8e1994\u5e746\u67084\u65e5\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u300a\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u516c\u7ea6<\/a>\u300b\uff0c\u5e76\u57281995\u5e7411\u67082\u65e5\u6210\u4e3a\u8be5\u516c\u7ea6\u7684\u7f14\u7ea6\u56fd[221]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u5408\u4e4e\u8be5\u516c\u7ea6\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u6218\u7565\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212<\/a>\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e8e2006\u5e746\u67087\u65e5\u6b63\u5f0f\u627f\u8ba4\u300a\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u516c\u7ea6\u300b[222]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u5168\u740317\u4e2a\u8d85\u7ea7\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u56fd\u5bb6\u540c\u76df<\/a>\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u516d\u4f4d[223]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3.3.1 \u52a8\u7269<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \u56fe3-6\u548c3-7\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \u5305\u62ec\u5fb7\u5170\u58eb\u74e6\u72ee<\/a>\u3001\u975e\u6d32\u8c79<\/a>\u3001\u5357\u975e\u730e\u8c79<\/a>\u3001\u5357\u90e8\u767d\u7280\u725b<\/a>\u3001\u84dd\u89d2\u9a6c<\/a>\u3001\u637b\u89d2\u7f9a<\/a>\u3001\u9ed1\u6591\u7f9a<\/a>\u3001\u9b23\u72d7<\/a>\u3001\u6cb3\u9a6c<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca\u5357\u975e\u957f\u9888\u9e7f<\/a>\u5728\u5185\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269<\/a>\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u704c\u6728\u4e1b\u8349\u539f\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0[224]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u514b\u7559\u683c\u5c14\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u56ed<\/a>\u4e0e\u8428\u6bd4\u6c99\u7981\u730e\u533a<\/a>\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u74e6\u7279\u8d1d\u683c\u751f\u7269\u5708<\/a>\u7684\u5317\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u90fd\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u704c\u6728\u4e1b\u3002\u5357\u975e\u62e5\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7279\u6709\u79cd<\/a>\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u5361\u9c81<\/a>\u5730\u533a\u4e25\u91cd\u6fd2\u5371<\/a>\u7684\u5357\u975e\u5c71\u5154<\/a>[225]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3.3.2 \u83cc\u7c7b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Up to 1945, more than 4,900 species of fungi<\/a> (including lichen-forming<\/a> species) had been recorded.[139]<\/a><\/sup> In 2006, the number of fungi in South Africa was estimated at 200,000 species but did not take into account fungi associated with insects.[140]<\/a><\/sup> If correct, then the number of South African fungi dwarfs that of its plants. In at least some major South African ecosystems, an exceptionally high percentage of fungi are highly specific in terms of the plants with which they occur.[141]<\/a><\/sup> The country’s Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan does not mention fungi (including lichen-forming fungi).[137]<\/a><\/sup>
    \u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u622a\u81f31945\u5e74\uff0c\u5df2\u8bb0\u5f55\u52304900\u591a\u79cd\u771f\u83cc\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5730\u8863\u5f62\u6210\u79cd\uff09\u3002[139]2006\u5e74\uff0c\u636e\u4f30\u8ba1\u5357\u975e\u7684\u771f\u83cc\u79cd\u7c7b\u8fbe20\u4e07\u79cd\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u5e76\u672a\u5305\u62ec\u4e0e\u6606\u866b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u771f\u83cc\u3002[140]\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u5b57\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5357\u975e\u7684\u771f\u83cc\u6570\u91cf\u5c06\u8fdc\u8d85\u5176\u690d\u7269\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u5357\u975e\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u771f\u83cc\u4e0e\u690d\u7269\u7684\u5171\u751f\u5177\u6709\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u3002[141]\u8be5\u56fd\u7684\u300a\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u6218\u7565\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\u300b\u5e76\u672a\u63d0\u53ca\u771f\u83cc\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5730\u8863\u5f62\u6210\u771f\u83cc\uff09\u3002[137]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3.3.3 \u690d\u7269<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \u56fe3-8\u81f33-11\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \u5357\u975e\u7684\u690d\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7279\u522b\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u8d85\u8fc722,000\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9ad8\u7b49\u690d\u7269<\/a>\uff0c\u5360\u5730\u7403<\/a>\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u77e5\u690d\u7269\u79cd\u7c7b\u7ea69%[228]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u6700\u666e\u904d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7fa4\u843d<\/a>\u662f\u8349\u539f<\/a>\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u9ad8\u5730\u8349\u539f\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u79be\u8349<\/a>\u3001\u4f4e\u704c\u6728\u4ee5\u53ca\u91d1\u5408\u6b22\u6811<\/a>\u7b49\u690d\u7269\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u8033\u835a\u91d1\u5408\u6b22<\/a>\u53ca\u767d\u523a\u6811<\/a>\u3002\u5f80\u897f\u5317\u65b9\u5411\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u964d\u96e8\u91cf<\/a>\u5c11\uff0c\u690d\u88ab<\/a>\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u7a00\u758f\uff1b\u5728\u708e\u70ed\u5e72\u71e5\u7684\u7eb3\u9a6c\u5938\u5170\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u50a8\u6c34\u591a\u8089\u690d\u7269<\/a>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u82a6\u835f<\/a>\u4e0e\u5927\u621f\u5c5e<\/a>\u690d\u7269[229]<\/a><\/sup>[230]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5f80\u4e1c\u5317\u65b9\u5411\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u7a00\u6811\u8349\u539f<\/a>\u4e0a\u7684\u690d\u88ab\u7531\u79be\u8349\u53ca\u6811\u6728\u6e10\u6e10\u8f6c\u4e3a\u8302\u5bc6\u7684\u704c\u6728\u4e1b\uff0c\u514b\u7559\u683c\u5c14\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u56ed<\/a>\u5317\u7aef\u9644\u8fd1\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7334\u9762\u5305\u6811<\/a>[231]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u597d\u671b\u89d2\u690d\u7269\u533a\u7cfb<\/a>\u4f4d\u4e8e\u897f\u5f00\u666e\u7701\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u96b6\u5c5e\u5357\u975e\u690d\u7269\u754c[232]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5176\u9762\u79ef\u4ec5\u5360\u5168\u4e16\u754c0.04%\uff0c\u662f\u516d\u5927\u690d\u7269\u533a\u7cfb<\/a>\u4e2d\u6700\u5c0f\u7684[10]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8be5\u690d\u7269\u533a\u7cfb\u5374\u5305\u542b9,000\u591a\u79cd\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u5360\u4e16\u754c\u76844%[232]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u597d\u671b\u89d2\u690d\u7269\u533a\u7cfb\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u57df\u4e0e\u690d\u7269\u751f\u547d\u5747\u7531\u51e1\u6ce2\u65af<\/a>\u751f\u7269\u7fa4\u843d\u6240\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u662f\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u690d\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u6700\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5730\u533a\u4e4b\u4e00[232]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u690d\u7269\u4e3a\u5e38\u7eff\u690d\u7269<\/a>\u53ca\u786c\u53f6\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u9488\u72b6\u53f6\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5f00\u82b1\u690d\u7269\u7fa4<\/a>\u662f\u6d77\u795e\u82b1\u5c5e<\/a>\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u6709\u7ea6130\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6d77\u795e\u82b1\u5c5e\u54c1\u79cd[233]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u867d\u7136\u5357\u975e\u62e5\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u5f00\u82b1\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u67091%\u571f\u5730\u5c5e\u4e8e\u68ee\u6797<\/a>\uff0c\u4e14\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u90fd\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5938\u7956\u9c81-\u7eb3\u5854\u5c14\u7701\u6cbf\u6d77\u7684\u6f6e\u6e7f\u5e73\u539f\u3002\u5728\u6cb3\u53e3\u5904\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c1\u5230\u975e\u6d32\u5357\u90e8\u7f55\u6709\u7684\u7ea2\u6811\u6797<\/a>\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5c0f\u578b\u7684\u68ee\u6797\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a<\/a>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u68ee\u6797\u4e0d\u53d7\u706b\u707e<\/a>\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u5c71\u5730\u68ee\u6797<\/a>\u3002\u79cd\u690d\u56ed<\/a>\u4e3b\u8981\u517b\u6b96\u8fdb\u53e3\u6811\u79cd\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u975e\u672c\u5730\u6849\u6811<\/a>\u53ca\u677e\u6811<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3.3.4 \u4fdd\u80b2\u95ee\u9898<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \u56fe3-12\u81f33-14\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \u5728\u8fc7\u53bb40\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5931\u53bb\u4e86<\/a>\u5927\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6816\u606f\u5730<\/a>\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f19\u4e16\u7eaa\u65f6\u4eba\u53e3\u8fc7\u5269<\/a>\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u8513\u5ef6<\/a>\u53ca\u68ee\u6797\u780d\u4f10<\/a>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u53d7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u5916\u6765\u7269\u79cd\uff08\u5982\u9ed1\u8346\u6811<\/a>\u3001\u6770\u514b\u900a\u6e2f\u6768\u67f3<\/a>\u3001\u54c8\u514b<\/a>\u3001\u9a6c\u7f28\u4e39<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca\u84dd\u82b1\u6979<\/a>\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5f53\u5730\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e0e\u672c\u5df2\u7a00\u7f3a\u7684\u6c34\u6e90\u7b49\u8d44\u6e90\u6784\u6210\u91cd\u5927\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u6b27\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u628a\u9996\u6279\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6e29\u5e26\u68ee\u6797<\/a>\u4e0d\u65ad\u780d\u4f10\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u5c0f\u7247\u68ee\u6797\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5357\u975e\u7684\u786c\u6728\u6811<\/a>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9ec4\u6728<\/a>\u3001\u81ed\u6728<\/a>\u53ca\u5357\u975e\u9ed1\u94c1\u6728<\/a>\u7b49\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u7280\u725b<\/a>\u662f\u5357\u975e\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d7\u88ad\u51fb\u7684\u52a8\u7269[234]<\/a>[235]<\/a>[236]<\/a>[237]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u73af\u5883\u4e8b\u52a1\u90e8<\/a>\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c2014\u5e74\u5357\u975e\u67091,215\u5934\u7280\u725b\u6b7b\u4ea1[238]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316<\/a>\u9884\u8ba1\u5c06\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c5e\u534a\u5e72\u65f1\u6c14\u5019<\/a>\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5e72\u71e5\u4e0e\u6696\u548c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6781\u7aef\u5929\u6c14<\/a>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5982\u70ed\u6d6a<\/a>\u3001\u6d2a\u6c34<\/a>\u53ca\u5e72\u65f1<\/a>\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u9891\u7387\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5c06\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5357\u975e\u56fd\u5bb6\u751f\u7269\u4fe1\u606f\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/a>\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u751f\u6210<\/a>\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u6a21\u578b<\/a>[239]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u5230\u4e862050\u5e74\u65f6\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6cbf\u5cb8\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u9884\u6d4b\u5c06\u4e0a\u5347\u7ea61\u00b0C\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u5728\u5317\u5f00\u666e\u7701<\/a>\u7b49\u7684\u708e\u70ed\u8179\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u6625\u672b\u53ca\u590f\u5b63\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u66f4\u5c06\u4e0a\u5347\u8d85\u8fc74\u00b0C\u3002\u5f17\u6d1b\u52d2\u5c14\u89d2<\/a>\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u70ed\u70b9<\/a>\u5730\u533a\u4e4b\u4e00[240]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u5730\u5374\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u91cd\u6253\u51fb\u3002\u9884\u8ba1\u5e72\u65f1\u3001\u706b\u707e\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e0e\u9891\u7387\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5168\u7403\u6696\u5316<\/a>\u5c06\u4ee4\u8bb8\u591a\u7a00\u6709\u7269\u79cd\u9762\u4e34\u706d\u7edd<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4. \u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1 | Demographics<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Main article: Demographics of South Africa<\/a>\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u5357\u975e\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4.1 \u6570\u91cf\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \u56fe4-1\u81f34-3\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/a>
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df
    \u56fe\u7247\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a    Htonl<\/a>
    \u56fe\u4f8b\u89c1\u4e0b\u56fe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/a>
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df
    \u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a    Htonl<\/a>
    \u56fe\u4f8b\u89c1\u4e0b\u56fe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    \u5357\u975e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62e5\u6709\u7ea66,060\u4e07\uff082022\u5e74\uff09\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u6765\u6e90\u3001\u6587\u5316<\/a>\u3001\u8bed\u8a00<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0<\/a>\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6[4]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5<\/a>\u57282011\u5e74\u4e3e\u884c\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u8c03\u67e5\u5219\u4e3a\u57282016\u5e74\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8de8\u56fd\u7c4d\u4eba\u53e3\u8c03\u67e5[446]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u76ee\u524d\u6709\u5927\u7ea6500\u4e07\u975e\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11<\/a>[194]<\/a><\/sup>[195]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u7ea6300\u4e07\u81f3500\u4e07\u7684\u6d25\u5df4\u5e03\u97e6\u4eba[447]<\/a><\/sup>[448]<\/a><\/sup>[449]<\/a><\/sup>[450]<\/a><\/sup>[\u6ce8 12]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u81ea2008\u5e745\u670811\u65e5\u8d77\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u53cd\u79fb\u6c11\u9a9a\u4e71\uff0c\u56f0\u6270\u8457\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6[451]<\/a><\/sup>[452]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5357\u975e\u7edf\u8ba1\u5c40<\/a>\u8981\u6c42\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u7684\u4e94\u4e2a\u79cd\u65cf\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u4efd[453]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u5c40\u57282011\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u9ed1\u4eba\u536079.2%\u3001\u767d\u4eba\u53608.9%\u3001\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u53608.9%\u3001\u4e9a\u88d4\u53602.5%\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\uff0f\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u5219\u53600.5%[6]<\/a><\/sup>[454]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u81ea\u5357\u975e\u7ed3\u675f\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u653f\u7b56\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u767d\u4eba\u9646\u7eed\u79bb\u5f00\u5357\u975e\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u539f\u56e0\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u5e76\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\u3002\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u767d\u4eba\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5df2\u4ece1911\u5e74\u768422%\u4e0b\u8dcc\u81f31970\u5e74\u7684\u7ea617%\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u65ad\u964d\u81f3\u76ee\u524d\u76847.8%\u3002\u57281911\u5e74\u5357\u975e\u9996\u6b21\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u767d\u4eba\u5360\u603b\u4eba\u53e322%\uff0c\u4f46\u5230\u4e861980\u5e74\u5219\u4e0b\u964d\u81f316%[455]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u767d\u4eba\u79bb\u5f00\u5357\u975e\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5916\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u51fa\u751f\u7387<\/a>\u8f83\u767d\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u79cd\u65cf\u9ad8\u4ea6\u662f\u767d\u4eba\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00[456]<\/a><\/sup>[457]<\/a><\/sup>[\u6ce8 13]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5357\u975e\u62e5\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u4e0e\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e87\u62a4\u8005\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7f8e\u56fd\u96be\u6c11\u4e0e\u79fb\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/a>\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u300a2008\u5e74\u4e16\u754c\u96be\u6c11\u8c03\u67e5\u300b\uff0c2007\u5e74\u5357\u975e\u6709\u5927\u7ea6144,700\u4eba\u4e3a\u96be\u6c11\u6216\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e87\u62a4\u8005[458]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u6765\u81ea\u6d25\u5df4\u5e03\u97e6\uff0848,400\u4eba\uff09\u3001\u521a\u679c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>\uff0824,800\u4eba\uff09\u53ca\u7d22\u9a6c\u91cc<\/a>\uff0812,900\u4eba\uff09[458]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u5408\u5171\u8d85\u8fc7100,000\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u53e3\u4e3b\u8981\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5185\u65af\u5821<\/a>\u3001\u6bd4\u52d2\u9640\u5229\u4e9a<\/a>\u3001\u5fb7\u73ed<\/a>\u3001\u5f00\u666e\u6566<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u6e2f<\/a>[458]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u96be\u6c11\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u666e\u9a6c\u5170\u52a0\u7701<\/a>\u3001\u5938\u7956\u9c81-\u7eb3\u5854\u5c14\u7701<\/a>\u53ca\u4e1c\u5f00\u666e\u7701<\/a>\u7b49\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4.2 \u8bed\u8a00 | Languages<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Main article: Languages of South Africa<\/a> \/ \u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u5357\u975e\u8bed\u8a00<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/a>
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df
    \u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a    Htonl<\/a>
    \u56fe\u4f8b\u89c1\u4e0b\u56fe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \u56fe4-4\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

    South Africa has 12 official languages:[5]<\/a><\/sup> Zulu<\/a>, Xhosa<\/a>, Afrikaans<\/a>, English<\/a>, Pedi<\/a>,[159]<\/a><\/sup> Tswana<\/a>, Southern Sotho<\/a>, Tsonga<\/a>, Swazi<\/a>, Venda<\/a>, and Southern Ndebele<\/a> (in order of first language speakers), as well as South African Sign Language which was recognised as an official language in 2023.[5]<\/a><\/sup> In this regard it is fourth only to Bolivia<\/a>, India<\/a>, and Zimbabwe<\/a> in number. While all the languages are formally equal, some languages are spoken more than others. According to the 2022 census, the three most spoken first languages are Zulu (24.4%), Xhosa (16.6%), and Afrikaans (10.6%).[8]<\/a><\/sup> Although English is recognised as the language of commerce and science, it is only the fifth most common home language, that of only 8.7% of South Africans in 2022; nevertheless, it has become the de facto lingua franca<\/a> of the nation.[8]<\/a><\/sup> Estimates based on the 1991 census suggest just under half of South Africans could speak English.[160]<\/a><\/sup> It is the second most commonly spoken language outside of the household, after Zulu.[161]<\/a><\/sup>
    \u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5357\u975e\u670912\u79cd\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\uff1a[5]\u7956\u9c81\u8bed\u3001\u79d1\u8428\u8bed\u3001\u963f\u975e\u5229\u5361\u8bed\u3001\u82f1\u8bed\u3001\u4f69\u8fea\u8bed\u3001[159]\u8328\u74e6\u7eb3\u8bed\u3001\u5357\u7d22\u6258\u8bed\u3001\u806a\u52a0\u8bed\u3001\u65af\u5a01\u58eb\u8bed\u3001\u6587\u8fbe\u8bed\u548c\u5357\u6069\u5fb7\u8d1d\u83b1\u8bed\uff08\u6309\u6bcd\u8bed\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6570\u91cf\u6392\u5e8f\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca2023\u5e74\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5357\u975e\u624b\u8bed\u3002[5]\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u6570\u91cf\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u73bb\u5229\u7ef4\u4e9a\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u6d25\u5df4\u5e03\u97e6\uff0c\u4f4d\u5c45\u7b2c\u56db\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6240\u6709\u8bed\u8a00\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u591a\u3002\u6839\u636e2022\u5e74\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u6570\u6700\u591a\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u6bcd\u8bed\u5206\u522b\u662f\u7956\u9c81\u8bed\uff0824.4%\uff09\u3001\u79d1\u8428\u8bed\uff0816.6%\uff09\u548c\u963f\u975e\u5229\u5361\u8bed\uff0810.6%\uff09\u3002[8]\u5c3d\u7ba1\u82f1\u8bed\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5546\u8d38\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u7528\u8bed\uff0c\u4f46\u57282022\u5e74\uff0c\u5b83\u4ec5\u662f\u5357\u975e\u4eba\u7b2c\u4e94\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4ec5\u67098.7%\u7684\u5357\u975e\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5357\u975e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u7684\u901a\u7528\u8bed\u3002[8]\u6839\u636e1991\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u7684\u4f30\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd1\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u5357\u975e\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u8bf4\u82f1\u8bed\u3002[160]\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u7956\u9c81\u8bed\u3002[161]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5357\u975e\u8fd8\u627f\u8ba4\u51e0\u79cd\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u51e1\u90a3\u4f3d\u7f57<\/a>\u3001\u79d1\u5c14\u8bed<\/a>\u3001\u7f57\u5fc5\u90fd\u8bed<\/a>\u3001\u7eb3\u9a6c\u8bed<\/a>\u3001\u5317\u6069\u5fb7\u8d1d\u83b1\u8bed<\/a>\u3001\u666e\u5730\u8bed<\/a>[461]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\u5f53\u4f5c\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Other languages are spoken, or were widely used previously, including Fanagalo<\/a>, Khoe<\/a>, Lobedu<\/a>, Nama<\/a>, Northern Ndebele<\/a>, and Phuthi<\/a>.[162]<\/a><\/sup> Many of the unofficial languages of the San and Khoekhoe<\/a> peoples contain regional dialects stretching northwards into Namibia and Botswana, and elsewhere. These people, who are a physically distinct population from the Bantu people who make up most of the Black Africans in South Africa, have their own cultural identity based on their hunter-gatherer<\/a> societies. They have been marginalised, and the remainder of their languages are in danger of becoming extinct<\/a>.
    \u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u4ecd\u5728\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u4ee5\u524d\u66fe\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6cd5\u7eb3\u52a0\u6d1b\u8bed\u3001\u79d1\u4f0a\u8bed\u3001\u6d1b\u8d1d\u675c\u8bed\u3001\u7eb3\u9a6c\u8bed\u3001\u5317\u6069\u5fb7\u8d1d\u83b1\u8bed\u548c\u666e\u56fe\u8bed\u3002[162]\u6851\u4eba\u548c\u79d1\u4f0a\u79d1\u4f0a\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u5305\u542b\u5411\u5317\u5ef6\u4f38\u81f3\u7eb3\u7c73\u6bd4\u4e9a\u3001\u535a\u8328\u74e6\u7eb3\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u7684\u65b9\u8a00\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e0e\u6784\u6210\u5357\u975e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u73ed\u56fe\u4eba\u5728\u4f53\u8d28\u4e0a\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u57fa\u4e8e\u72e9\u730e\u91c7\u96c6\u793e\u4f1a\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u8bed\u8a00\u6b63\u9762\u4e34\u706d\u7edd\u7684\u5371\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    White South Africans may also speak European languages, including Italian, Portuguese (also spoken by black Angolans and Mozambicans), Dutch, German, and Greek, while some Indian South Africans and more recent migrants from South Asia speak Indian languages<\/a>, such as Gujarati, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu. French is spoken by migrants from Francophone Africa<\/a>.
    \u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u767d\u4eba\u5357\u975e\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8bf4\u6b27\u6d32\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u3001\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8bed\uff08\u4e5f\u88ab\u9ed1\u76ae\u80a4\u7684\u5b89\u54e5\u62c9\u4eba\u548c\u83ab\u6851\u6bd4\u514b\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\u3001\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u3001\u5fb7\u8bed\u548c\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5370\u5ea6\u88d4\u5357\u975e\u4eba\u548c\u6765\u81ea\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u66f4\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u5219\u8bf4\u5370\u5ea6\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5982\u53e4\u5409\u62c9\u7279\u8bed\u3001\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u3001\u6cf0\u7c73\u5c14\u8bed\u3001\u6cf0\u5362\u56fa\u8bed\u548c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u3002\u6cd5\u8bed\u5219\u88ab\u6765\u81ea\u8bb2\u6cd5\u8bed\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4.3 \u5b97\u6559 | Religion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Main article: Religion in South Africa<\/a>\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u5357\u975e\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \u56fe4-5\u548c4-6\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \u6839\u636e2016\u5e74\u5357\u975e\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5b97\u6559<\/a>\u6559\u5f92\u5360\u5357\u975e\u4eba\u53e3\u768478.0%\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u4fe1\u5949\u65b0\u6559<\/a>[\u6ce8 14]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u5219\u4fe1\u5949\u5929\u4e3b\u6559<\/a>\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u6559\u6d3e[471]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u65b0\u6559\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u7763\u5b97\u6559\u6559\u6d3e\u670919.7%\u7684\u4eba\u4fe1\u5949\u3002\u975e\u6d32\u4f20\u7edf\u5b97\u6559<\/a>\u53604.4%\u3001\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559<\/a>\u5360\u4eba\u53e3\u76841.6%\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u6559<\/a>\u53601.0%\u300210.9%\u65e0\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0<\/a>\u30012.7%\u4fe1\u5949\u5176\u4ed6\u5b97\u6559\u30011.4%\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a[366]<\/a>[471]<\/a>[472]<\/a>[473]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u7531\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u7ec4\u6210\u4e86\u6700\u5927\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5b97\u6559\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u8bb8\u591a\u58f0\u79f0\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b97\u6559\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u4eba\u5219\u4ecd\u575a\u6301\u4fe1\u5949\u975e\u6d32\u4f20\u7edf\u5b97\u6559<\/a>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u4f30\u8ba1\u670920\u4e07\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4f20\u7edf\u6cbb\u7597\u5e08[474]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u9ad8\u8fbe60%\u7684\u5357\u975e\u4eba\u4f1a\u5411\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cbb\u7597\u5e08\u54a8\u8be2[475]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6851\u683c\u739b\u65af<\/a>\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u4f0a\u5c3c\u626c\u52a0<\/a>\u201d[476]<\/a><\/sup>[477]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u6cbb\u7597\u5e08\u4eec\u4f1a\u7ed3\u5408\u7956\u5148\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u4fe1\u4ef0<\/a>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5f53\u5730\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0e\u836f\u7528\u7279\u6027\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u6765\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5ba2\u6237\u5eb7\u590d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7a46\u63d0<\/a>\u201d[478]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4e0d\u5c11\u6c11\u65cf\u5747\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u53ca\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u4e60\u4fd7[479]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5357\u975e\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u6709\u8272\u4eba<\/a>\u53ca\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba<\/a>\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u975e\u6d32\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u52a0\u5165\u5357\u975e\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u6216\u767d\u4eba\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7fa4\u4f53[480]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0<\/a>\u662f\u5357\u975e\u589e\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u5b97\u6559<\/a>[481]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u9ed1\u4eba\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u6570\u91cf\u75311991\u5e74\u768412,000\u4eba\u5347\u81f32004\u5e74\u768474,700\u4eba\uff0c\u589e\u957f\u8fbe\u516d\u500d[480]<\/a><\/sup>[482]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5357\u975e\u4e5f\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba<\/a>\u7684\u5bb6\u56ed\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba<\/a>\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5357\u975e\u5c11\u6570\u6b27\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e[483]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u72b9\u592a\u4eba<\/a>\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fbe\u5230\u9876\u5cf0\uff0c\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u7ea667,000\u4eba\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u79bb\u5f00\u5357\u975e\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u53e3\u4ea6\u4f7f\u5357\u975e\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c12\u5927\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u793e\u533a[484]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u7684\u6559\u5f92\u6784\u6210\u5357\u975e\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u5206[485]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4.4 \u6559\u80b2 | Education<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Main article: Education in South Africa<\/a>\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u5357\u975e\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \u56fe4-7\u548c4-8\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

    2007\u5e74\uff0c\u5357\u975e15\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u8bc6\u5b57\u7387<\/a>\u4e3a88.7%[526]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u800c\u5230\u4e862015\u5e74\u5219\u4e0a\u5347\u81f394.3%[527]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u8fbe\u5230\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8bc6\u5b57\u7387\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u5357\u975e\u4ece\u5c0f\u5b66\u5f00\u59cb\u5b9e\u884c\u4e09\u7ea7\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u662f\u9ad8\u4e2d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c5e\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5927\u5b66\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u5927\u5b66\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u987b\u4ece1\u5e74\u7ea7\u8d77\u5c31\u8bfb\u81f312\u5e74\u7ea7\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u4e3a\u671f12\u5e74\u7684\u6b63\u89c4\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u3002R\u7ea7\u662f\u5b66\u524d\u6559\u80b2<\/a>\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5e74[528]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5c0f\u5b66\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e86\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u524d\u4e03\u5e74[529]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u540e\u4e94\u5e74\u5219\u4e3a\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u572812\u5e74\u7ea7\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u5e94\u8003\u56fd\u5bb6\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bc1\u4e66<\/a>\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u80fd\u5426\u5347\u8bfb\u5404\u5927\u5b66<\/a>[528]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5357\u975e\u7684\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd[530]<\/a><\/sup>[531]<\/a><\/sup>\uff1a\u5206\u522b\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7406\u8bba\u5bfc\u5411\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u804c\u4e1a\u5bfc\u5411\u6587\u51ed\u4e0e\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u524d\u79f0\u4e3a\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5927\u5b66<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u5927\u5b66<\/a>\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u522b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/a>\u3002\u622a\u81f32017\u5e74\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u670926\u6240\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66<\/a>[531]<\/a><\/sup>\uff1a11\u6240\u4e3a\u4f20\u7edf\u5927\u5b66\u30016\u6240\u4e3a\u6280\u672f\u5927\u5b66\u30019\u6240\u4e3a\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u5927\u5b66[531]<\/a><\/sup>[532]<\/a><\/sup>[533]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5728\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u9ed1\u4eba\u65e9\u671f\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6743\u529b<\/a>[534]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u66f4\u752d\u8c08\u4eab\u53d7\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2<\/a>\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u7684\u5927\u5b66<\/a>\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u767d\u4eba\u5f00\u8bbe\u7684\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5b66\u6821\u5219\u53d7\u5230\u8d44\u91d1\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e0e\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u73ed\u56fe\u6559\u80b2\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/a>\u7684\u6b67\u89c6<\/a>\uff0c\u8be5\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u5927\u7eb2\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ed9\u4e88\u4ed6\u4eec\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u52b3\u52a8\u8005[535]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u76f4\u81f3\u5e9f\u9664\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u5236\u5ea6\u540e\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u624d\u62e5\u6709\u5e73\u7b49<\/a>\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u8fd8\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u9ed1\u4eba\u800c\u8bbe\u7684\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5938\u7956\u9c81-\u7eb3\u5854\u5c14\u5927\u5b66<\/a>\u7b49\u30022004\u5e74\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u5f00\u59cb\u6539\u9769\u5176\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\uff1a\u5c06\u5c0f\u578b\u5927\u5b66\u5408\u5e76\u5e76\u7eb3\u5165\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff1b\u5e76\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784\u6539\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5927\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ea0\u6b63\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u5230\u4e862015\u5e74\uff0c\u6709140\u4e07\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u751f\u53d7\u76ca\u4e8e1999\u5e74\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u63f4\u52a9\u8ba1\u5212[536]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u6559\u80b2\u662f\u5357\u975e\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u4e00[343]<\/a><\/sup>[537]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2<\/a>\u652f\u51fa\u53602002\u5e74\u81f32005\u5e74\u5357\u975e\u56fd\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c<\/a>\u76845.4%[538]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4.5 \u533b\u7597\u536b\u751f | Health<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \u56fe4-9\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Main articles: Health in South Africa<\/a> and Healthcare in South Africa<\/a>\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u5357\u975e\u7684\u536b\u751f\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u5357\u975e\u7684\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u6839\u636e\u5357\u975e\u79cd\u65cf\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/a>\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c2009\u5e74\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u9884\u671f\u5bff\u547d<\/a>\u4e3a71\u5c81\uff0c\u800c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5219\u4e3a48\u5c81[539]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u7684\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u652f\u51fa\u7ea6\u5360GDP\u76849%[540]<\/a><\/sup>[541]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u53ea\u670916%\u5357\u975e\u4eba\u53d7\u5230\u533b\u7597\u8ba1\u5212<\/a>\u4fdd\u969c[542]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u7ea620%\u7684\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u79c1\u4eba\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065<\/a>[543]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u4eba\u5219\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u4ed8\u8d39\u7528<\/a>\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u533b\u9662\u73b0\u91d1\u8ba1\u5212\u6765\u652f\u4ed8[543]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u533b\u9662\u96c6\u56e2Mediclinic<\/a>\u3001\u751f\u547d\u533b\u7597<\/a>\u53ca\u5c3c\u7279\u536b\u751f<\/a>\u5408\u5171\u63a7\u5236\u774075%\u5e02\u5834\u4efd\u984d[543]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5927\u7ea684%\u4eba\u53e3\u4f9d\u8d56\u516c\u5171\u533b\u7597\u7cfb\u7edf[540]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u8fd9\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d7\u5230\u957f\u671f\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u77ed\u7f3a\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u9650\u6240\u56f0\u6270[544]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5357\u975e\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5927\u533b\u9662\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u00b7\u54c8\u5c3c\u00b7\u5df4\u62c9\u74e6\u7eb3\u7279\u533b\u9662<\/a>\u7684\u6240\u5728\u5730[545]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4.5.1 \u4eba\u7c7b\u514d\u75ab\u7f3a\u4e4f\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0f\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5 | HIV\/AIDS<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Main article: HIV\/AIDS in South Africa<\/a>\u3010\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u5357\u975e\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u514d\u75ab\u7f3a\u9677\u75c5\u6bd2\/\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \u56fe4-10\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \u5357\u975e\u662f\u5168\u7403\u611f\u67d3\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5<\/a>\u4eba\u53e3\u6700\u591a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6[26]<\/a><\/sup>[179]<\/a><\/sup>[546]<\/a><\/sup>[547]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u6839\u636e2015\u5e74\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u8054\u5408\u89c4\u5212\u7f72<\/a>\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u4f30\u8ba1\u6709700\u4e07\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u6bd2\u611f\u67d3\u8005[547]<\/a><\/sup>[548]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u7684\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5<\/a>\u95ee\u9898\u5f88\u4e25\u91cd[26]<\/a><\/sup>[30]<\/a><\/sup>[179]<\/a><\/sup>[546]<\/a><\/sup>[547]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u57282013\u5e74\u7ea6\u6709560\u4e07\u4eba\uff08\u8d85\u8fc7\u5357\u975e\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u768410%\uff09\u611f\u67d3\u4e86\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u6bd2[546]<\/a><\/sup>\u30022008\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u65cf\u5728\u611f\u67d3\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u6bd2\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u660e\u663e\u5dee\u5f02\uff1a\u670913.6%\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u5bf9\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u6bd2\u5448\u9633\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u67090.3%\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u60a3\u6709\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5[549]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u6bcf\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u51fa\u73b0\u7ea630\u4e07\u5b97\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u65b0\u589e\u75c5\u4f8b\uff0c\u800c\u56e0\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u76f8\u5173\u539f\u56e0\u4e27\u547d\u7684\u4eba\u4ea6\u8fbe\u523027\u4e07[546]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u57282005\u5e74\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u4f30\u8ba1\u5206\u522b\u6709\u9ad8\u8fbe31%\u7684\u5b55\u5987<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca20%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u4eba<\/a>\u611f\u67d3\u4e86\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u6bd2[550]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u56fd\u6c11\u7684\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u611f\u67d3\u7387\u4e3a21.5%\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u519b\u961f\u4e2d\u611f\u67d3\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u75c5\u6bd2\u53ca\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u66f4\u9ad8\u8fbe23%[551]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u524d\u603b\u7edf\u59c6\u8d1d\u57fa\u53ca\u65f6\u4efb\u536b\u751f\u90e8\u957f<\/a>\u66fc\u6258\u00b7\u6c99\u5df4\u62c9\u62c9-\u59c6\u5e0c\u66fc<\/a>\u957f\u671f\u5426\u8ba4\u5357\u975e\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u95ee\u9898[552]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5357\u975e\u4eba\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8425\u517b\u4e0d\u826f<\/a>[553]<\/a><\/sup>[554]<\/a><\/sup>\u4e0e\u8d2b\u56f0<\/a>\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u6240\u81f4\u7684[555]<\/a><\/sup>\u30022007\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u59cb\u52aa\u529b\u7740\u624b\u6297\u51fb\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5[556]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u57282009\u5e74\u5927\u9009<\/a>\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u7956\u739b\u4efb\u547d\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u83ab\u8328\u5c14\u83b1\u8fea<\/a>\u535a\u58eb\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u536b\u751f\u90e8\u957f\uff0c\u5e76\u627f\u8bfa\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u8d44\u91d1\u4ee5\u6269\u5927\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u8303\u56f4[557]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u76f4\u81f32015\u5e74\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u5df2\u5728\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u91cd\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55[558]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5ec9\u4ef7\u6709\u6548\u7684\u836f\u7269<\/a>\uff0c\u4f7f\u9884\u671f\u5bff\u547d\u4ece52.1\u5c81\u5927\u5e45\u589e\u52a0\u523062.5\u5c81[552]<\/a><\/sup>[559]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4.6 \u57ce\u5e02\u5316 | Urbanization<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    One online database[191]<\/a><\/sup> lists South Africa having more than 12,600 cities and towns. The following are the largest cities and towns in South Africa.
    \u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u7ebf\u6570\u636e\u5e93[191]\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u62e5\u670912,600\u591a\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u57ce\u9547\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5357\u975e\u6700\u5927\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u57ce\u9547\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    2000\u5e74\uff0c\u670995%\u767d\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e9a\u6d32\u4eba\u300179%\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca41%\u9ed1\u4eba\u4e8e\u57ce\u5e02\u5185\u5c45\u4f4f\u30022005\u5e74\uff0c\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u4f4f\u533a\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u5360\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u768459.5%\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5230\u4e862015\u5e74\u65f6\u589e\u81f364.8%\u3002\u4f4f\u623f\u77ed\u7f3a<\/a>\u4e0e\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e0d\u8db3\u662f\u57ce\u5e02\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00[462]<\/a><\/sup>[463]<\/a><\/sup>[464]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u5468\u8fb9\u5730\u533a\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u975e\u6b63\u89c4\u7684\u4f4f\u623f\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u5bee\u5c4b<\/a>\u3001\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f<\/a>\u7b49[465]<\/a><\/sup>[466]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u5efa\u7b51\u4e1a<\/a>\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5357\u975e\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u4f4f\u623f\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u7d22\u97e6\u6258<\/a>\u7b49\u9ed1\u4eba\u57ce\u5e02\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u4eba\u53e3\u8fc7\u5269<\/a>\u7684\u95ee\u9898[466]<\/a><\/sup>[467]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709300\u4e07\u81f3400\u4e07\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728130\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u533a\u57df\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5728\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u53ca\u4e0a\u5c42\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u767d\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u533a\u53d7\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5c0f\u3002\u65e7\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u805a\u96c6\u533a\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u9ed1\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d1f\u62c5\u767d\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u533a\u7684\u623f\u4ef7\u4e0e\u79df\u91d1\u3002\u800c\u5c11\u6570\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u767d\u4eba\u4f4f\u5b85\u533a\u7684\u975e\u767d\u4eba\u5c45\u6c11\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u878d\u5165\u767d\u4eba\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u9ed1\u4eba\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5316<\/a>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u572821\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u671f\u7ee7\u7eed\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u519c\u6751\u4eba\u53e3\u5c06\u7f29\u51cf5%\u81f310%[468]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5. \u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u653f\u6cbb | Government and politics<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Main articles: Government of South Africa<\/a>, Politics of South Africa<\/a>, and Law of South Africa<\/a>
    \u3010\u4e3b\u8981\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u5357\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u5357\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u5357\u975e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    See also: LGBT rights in South Africa<\/a> and Human rights in South Africa<\/a>
    \u3010\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u5357\u975e\u7684LGBT\u6743\u5229\u548c\u5357\u975e\u7684\u4eba\u6743\u3011<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.1 \u653f\u5e9c\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236<\/a>\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\u5171\u548c\u5236<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \u56fe5-1\u81f35-3\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \u5357\u975e\u662f\u8bae\u4f1a\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6b64\u7c7b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u603b\u7edf<\/a>\u65e2\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5143\u9996<\/a>\u4e5f\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u9996\u8111<\/a>\uff0c\u5176\u4efb\u671f\u5219\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8bae\u4f1a<\/a>\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002\u884c\u653f<\/a>\u3001\u7acb\u6cd5<\/a>\u53ca\u53f8\u6cd5<\/a>\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u5baa\u6cd5<\/a>\u81f3\u4e0a\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fdd\u5baa<\/a>\uff0c\u4e0a\u7ea7\u6cd5\u9662<\/a>\u6709\u6743\u5236\u6b62\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173<\/a>\u4e0e\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u56fd\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a<\/a>\u662f\u5357\u975e\u8bae\u4f1a<\/a>\u7684\u4e0b\u8bae\u9662<\/a>\uff0c\u5171\u8bbe400\u4e2a\u8bae\u5e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e94\u5e74\u7531\u653f\u515a\u6d3e\u540d\u5355<\/a>\u5e76\u4ee5\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236<\/a>\u9009\u51fa\u65b0\u4e00\u5c4a\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a[241]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5168\u56fd\u7701\u52a1\u4f1a<\/a>\u662f\u5357\u975e\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u4e0a\u8bae\u9662<\/a>\uff0c\u5171\u8bbe90\u4e2a\u8bae\u5e2d\uff0c\u7531\u5357\u975e9\u4e2a\u7701\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173<\/a>\u5404\u81ea\u63a8\u900910\u5e2d\u6784\u6210[241]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u5927\u9009\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a\u5c06\u4f1a\u63a8\u9009\u4e00\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u5357\u975e\u603b\u7edf<\/a>\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u603b\u7edf\u540c\u65f6\u8eab\u517c\u56fd\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u603b\u7edf\u4efb\u671f\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u4e0e\u8bae\u4f1a\u4efb\u671f\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u4eba\u62c5\u4efb\u5357\u975e\u603b\u7edf\u4e0d\u5f97\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e24\u5c4a[241]<\/a><\/sup>[242]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u603b\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u59d4\u4efb\u526f\u603b\u7edf<\/a>\u4e0e\u5404\u90e8\u90e8\u957f<\/a>\u4eec[241]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u957f\u53ca\u5176\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u95e8\u5219\u6784\u6210\u5185\u9601<\/a>\u3002\u56fd\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u52a8\u8bae<\/a>\u6765\u5f39\u52be<\/a>\u603b\u7edf\u4e0e\u5185\u9601\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u57282019\u5e745\u67088\u65e5\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u5927\u9009<\/a>\u4e2d\uff0c\u6267\u653f\u515a\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u56fd\u6c11\u5927\u4f1a<\/a>\u8d62\u5f9757.50%\u9009\u7968\u4e0e230\u4e2a\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u5927\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u6c11\u4e3b\u8054\u76df<\/a>\u5219\u8d62\u5f9720.77%\u9009\u7968\u4e0e84\u4e2a\u5e2d\u4f4d\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u7531\u8131\u79bb\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u56fd\u6c11\u5927\u4f1a\u9752\u5e74\u8054\u76df<\/a>\u7684\u524d\u4e3b\u5e2d\u6731\u5229\u53f6\u65af\u00b7\u9a6c\u52d2\u9a6c<\/a>\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u81ea\u7531\u6218\u58eb<\/a>\u5219\u8d62\u5f9710.79%\u9009\u7968\u4e0e44\u4e2a\u5e2d\u4f4d\u3002\u81ea1994\u5e74\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u7ed3\u675f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u975e\u56fd\u5927\u4e00\u76f4\u638c\u63e1\u5357\u975e\u5168\u56fd\u653f\u6743\u5e76\u6267\u653f\u81f3\u4eca[175]<\/a><\/sup>[176]<\/a><\/sup>[177]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5357\u975e\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u653f\u515a[177]<\/a><\/sup>\u30022018\u5e742\u670814\u65e5\u665a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u9762\u4e34\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u52a8\u8bae\u4e0b\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u5357\u975e\u603b\u7edf\u96c5\u5404\u5e03\u00b7\u7956\u739b<\/a>\u53d1\u8868\u7535\u89c6\u8bb2\u8bdd\u5ba3\u5e03\u8f9e\u804c<\/a>\uff0c\u7531\u65f6\u4efb\u526f\u603b\u7edf\u897f\u91cc\u5c14\u00b7\u62c9\u9a6c\u798f\u8428<\/a>\u63a5\u4efb\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e94\u4efb\u5357\u975e\u603b\u7edf[243]<\/a><\/sup>[244]<\/a><\/sup>[245]<\/a><\/sup>[246]<\/a><\/sup>[247]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5357\u975e\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6cd5\u5b9a\u7684\u9996\u90fd<\/a>\u3002\u300a\u5357\u975e\u5baa\u6cd5<\/a>\u300b\u7b2c4\u7ae0\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u8bae\u4f1a\u6240\u5728\u5730\u4e3a\u5f00\u666e\u6566<\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u6839\u636e\u7b2c76\u8282\u7b2c\uff081\uff09\u53ca\uff085\uff09\u6761\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u8bae\u4f1a\u6cd5\u300b\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u8bae\u4f1a\u6240\u5728\u5730\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u201d[248]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u5357\u975e\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u7684\u4e09\u9879\u6743\u529b<\/a>\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u4e09\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02[10]<\/a><\/sup>[13]<\/a><\/sup>[15]<\/a><\/sup>[16]<\/a><\/sup>[17]<\/a><\/sup>\uff1a\u6bd4\u52d2\u9640\u5229\u4e9a<\/a>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u603b\u7edf\u4e0e\u5185\u9601<\/a>\u7684\u6240\u5728\u5730\uff0c\u662f\u884c\u653f<\/a>\u9996\u90fd\uff1b\u5f00\u666e\u6566\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u6240\u5728\u5730\uff0c\u662f\u7acb\u6cd5<\/a>\u9996\u90fd\uff1b\u800c\u5e03\u9686\u65b9\u4e39<\/a>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u9ad8\u4e0a\u8bc9\u6cd5\u9662<\/a>\u6240\u5728\u5730\uff0c\u662f\u53f8\u6cd5<\/a>\u9996\u90fd\uff1b\u81f3\u4e8e\u5baa\u6cd5\u6cd5\u9662<\/a>\u5219\u5750\u843d\u5728\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5185\u65af\u5821<\/a>[10]<\/a><\/sup>[13]<\/a><\/sup>[16]<\/a><\/sup>[17]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5916\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u9986<\/a>\u5747\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6bd4\u52d2\u9640\u5229\u4e9a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5c11\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ea6\u4f1a\u5728\u5357\u975e\u5176\u4ed6\u57ce\u5e02\u8bbe\u7acb\u9886\u4e8b\u9986<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u81ea2004\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u6709\u6570\u5343\u6b21\u6c11\u4f17\u6297\u8bae\u6d3b\u52a8<\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u66b4\u529b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u636e\u4e00\u4f4d\u5b66\u8005\u79f0\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u662f\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5bcc\u6297\u8bae\u529b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d[249]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u9547\u538b\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fdd\u53cd\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u4ee4\u67d0\u4e9b\u5206\u6790\u5bb6\u4e0e\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a<\/a>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5357\u975e\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u538b\u5236\u6c14\u6c1b[250]<\/a><\/sup>[251]<\/a><\/sup>\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d[252]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2006\u5e7411\u670830\u65e5\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u6210\u4e3a\u9996\u4e2a\u5c06\u540c\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb<\/a>\u5408\u6cd5\u5316<\/a>\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6<\/a>[253]<\/a>[254]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u662f\u5357\u975e\u4e43\u81f3\u6574\u4e2a\u975e\u6d32<\/a>\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u8fdb\u6b65[255]<\/a><\/sup>\u30022008\u5e74\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u5728\u6613\u535c\u62c9\u6b23\u975e\u6d32\u6cbb\u7406\u6307\u6570<\/a>\u6392\u540d48\u4e2a\u6492\u54c8\u62c9\u4ee5\u5357\u975e\u6d32<\/a>\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u4f4d[256]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u5728\u6cd5\u6cbb<\/a>\u3001\u900f\u660e\u5ea6<\/a>\u4e0e\u8150\u8d25<\/a>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53c2\u4e0e<\/a>\u548c\u4eba\u6743<\/a>\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4f18\u5f02\u6210\u7ee9\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b89\u5168<\/a>\u4e0e\u4fdd\u5b89<\/a>\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5219\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5dee[256]<\/a><\/sup>\u30022018\u5e749\u670818\u65e5\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u5baa\u6cd5\u6cd5\u9662<\/a>\u5ba3\u5e03\u5357\u975e\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u79cd\u690d\u5927\u9ebb<\/a>\u5408\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u9996\u4e2a\u5c06\u5a31\u4e50\u7528\u5927\u9ebb<\/a>\u5408\u6cd5\u5316<\/a>\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6[257]<\/a>[258]<\/a>[\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u5728\u79c1\u4eba\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u6301\u6709\u5927\u9ebb\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u516c\u5171\u573a\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u8d29\u552e\u5927\u9ebb\u4ecd\u5c5e\u8fdd\u6cd5\u3002]<\/sup>\uff0c\u4ea6\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c06\u533b\u7528\u5927\u9ebb<\/a>\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6[259]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    In 2022, South Africa placed sixth out of 48 sub-Saharan African countries on the Ibrahim Index of African Governance<\/a>. South Africa scored well in the categories of Rule of Law<\/a>, Transparency<\/a>, Corruption, Participation<\/a> and Human Rights, but scored low in Safety and Security.[202]<\/a><\/sup> In 2006, South Africa became the first and still the only African country to legalise same-sex marriage<\/a>.[203]<\/a>[25]<\/a><\/sup>
    \u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u30112022\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u6613\u535c\u62c9\u6b23\u975e\u6d32\u6cbb\u7406\u6307\u6570\uff08Ibrahim Index of African Governance\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u572848\u4e2a\u6492\u54c8\u62c9\u4ee5\u5357\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u7b2c6\u3002\u5357\u975e\u5728\u6cd5\u6cbb\u3001\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u3001\u53cd\u8150\u8d25\u3001\u6c11\u4f17\u53c2\u4e0e\u548c\u4eba\u6743\u65b9\u9762\u5f97\u5206\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u4fdd\u969c\u65b9\u9762\u5f97\u5206\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002[202]2006\u5e74\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e5f\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06\u540c\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002[203][25]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.2 \u6cd5\u5f8b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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    \n
    \u56fe5-4\u81f35-7\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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    \u5357\u975e\u53f8\u6cd5\u5236\u5ea6\u7531\u56db\u79cd\u6cd5\u9662\u7ec4\u6210[260]<\/a><\/sup>\uff1a\u88c1\u5224\u6cd5\u9662<\/a>\u8d1f\u8d23\u542c\u8bc1\u8f83\u5c0f\u578b\u7684\u6c11\u4e8b<\/a>\u4e0e\u5211\u4e8b\u6848\u4ef6<\/a>\uff1b\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662<\/a>\u662f\u7ba1\u8f96\u4e00\u822c\u5177\u4f53\u9886\u57df<\/a>\u7684\u6cd5\u9662\uff1b\u800c\u6700\u9ad8\u4e0a\u8bc9\u6cd5\u9662<\/a>\u662f\u9664\u5baa\u653f\u4e8b\u52a1\u5916\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\uff1b\u81f3\u4e8e\u5baa\u6cd5\u6cd5\u9662<\/a>\u5219\u53ea\u7ba1\u8f96\u5baa\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898[260]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u9664\u4e86\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u5916\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u4ea6\u5c06\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u957f\u671f\u5c45\u9ad8\u4e0d\u4e0b\u89c6\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5bf9\u5fb7\u88d4<\/a>\u53f8\u673a\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u5c5e\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u72af\u7f6a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u5a01\u80c1\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5728\u5e73\u5747\u7ea618\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u8eab\u6216\u5176\u4eb2\u5c5e\u90fd\u6210\u4e3a\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u8be5\u8c03\u67e5\u524d\u4e24\u5e74\uff0c\u670920%\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u5df2\u7ecf\u56e0\u72af\u7f6a\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u5458\u5de5\uff0c\u4e1447%\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u7ecf\u7406\u6216\u9ad8\u7d20\u8d28\u4eba\u5458\u56e0\u72af\u7f6a\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u79bb\u5f00\u5357\u975e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5357\u975e\u6bcf\u65e5\u5e73\u5747\u6709\u8fd157\u4eba\u906d\u8c0b\u6740<\/a>[262]<\/a><\/sup>[263]<\/a><\/sup>[264]<\/a><\/sup>[265]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u57282017\u5e744\u6708\u81f32018\u5e743\u6708\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u5e74\u5ea6<\/a>\u4e2d\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u5171\u53d1\u751f\u4e8620,336\u5b97\u8c0b\u6740\u6848[263]<\/a><\/sup>[264]<\/a><\/sup>[265]<\/a><\/sup>[266]<\/a><\/sup>[267]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u662f\u53d6\u6d88\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u5236\u5ea6\u540e24\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6570\u5b57[263]<\/a><\/sup>[264]<\/a><\/sup>[265]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u8c0b\u6740\u7387<\/a>\u4e3a\u6bcf10\u4e07\u4eba\u670932.2\u4eba\u88ab\u6740\uff0c\u6bd4\u5168\u7403\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u6bcf10\u4e07\u4eba\u67096\u4eba\u88ab\u6740\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u9ad8\u51fa\u7ea6\u4e94\u500d[268]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7<\/a>\u7684\u5357\u975e\u4eba\u5728\u5bfb\u6c42\u5c01\u95ed\u5f0f\u793e\u533a<\/a>\u5b89\u5168[269]<\/a><\/sup>[270]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u7684\u79c1\u8425\u5b89\u4fdd\u884c\u4e1a<\/a>\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684[271]<\/a><\/sup>[272]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u8fd19,000\u5bb6\u6ce8\u518c\u516c\u53f8\u53ca400,000\u540d\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u4fdd\u5b89\u4eba\u5458<\/a>\uff0c\u6bd4\u5357\u975e\u8b66\u5bdf\u4e0e\u519b\u961f\u7684\u603b\u548c\u8fd8\u8981\u591a[273]<\/a><\/sup>[274]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u6765\u81ea\u5357\u975e\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u79bb\u5f00\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20[275]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5bf9\u519c\u4e1a\u793e\u533a\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898[276]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u67d0\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u60f3\u800c\u5236\u9020\u66b4\u529b\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u519c\u573a\u8c0b\u6740<\/a>\u7b49\u66b4\u529b\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5927\u591a\u662f\u767d\u4eba\u519c\u573a\u4e3b\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u963f\u975e\u5229\u5361\u4eba\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u4eba[277]<\/a><\/sup>[278]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5357\u975e\u56fd\u5185\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u6ce8\u610f[277]<\/a><\/sup>[278]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u519c\u573a\u8c0b\u6740\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u662f\u513f\u7ae5<\/a>\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u6709\u4e9b\u5219\u662f\u8001\u5e74\u4eba<\/a>\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u72af\u7f6a\u5206\u5b50\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c6\u4e3a\u624b\u65e0\u5bf8\u94c1\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bf9\u5176\u6784\u6210\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u63d0\u5230\u519c\u573a\u8c0b\u6740\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u963f\u975e\u5229\u5361\u4eba\u90fd\u5c06\u8c0b\u6740\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f62\u5bb9\u4e3a\u79cd\u65cf\u706d\u7edd<\/a>\uff0c\u5e76\u5e0c\u671b\u5217\u4f5c\u4e00\u822c\u72af\u7f6a\u7edf\u8ba1\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6267\u653f\u515a\u975e\u56fd\u5927\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6<\/a>\u4eec\u5426\u8ba4\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u79c1\u4eba\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bd5\u56fe\u7edf\u8ba1\u8c0b\u6740\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\u539f\u56e0\u800c\u72af\u4e0b\u7684\u8c0b\u6740\u6848\u6bd4\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u5b57\u66f4\u52a0\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5357\u975e\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6027\u4fb5\u72af<\/a>\u6848\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u65e5\u6709110\u4eba\u906d\u5230\u6027\u4fb5\u72af[279]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u636e\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u6bcf\u5e74\u6709500,000\u540d\u5973\u6027\u906d\u5230\u5f3a\u5978<\/a>[280]<\/a><\/sup>[281]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u4e2d\u5b66\u751f\u6bd4\u8d77\u6210\u5e74\u5973\u6027\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5f3a\u5978<\/a>[282]<\/a><\/sup>\u30022009\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8c03\u67e5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u5357\u975e\u7537\u6027\u627f\u8ba4\u5f3a\u5978\u67d0\u4eba[283]<\/a><\/sup>[284]<\/a><\/sup>[285]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u8c03\u67e5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u57284,000\u540d\u53d7\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u5973\u6027\u8868\u793a\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e00\u5e74\u5185\u906d\u5230\u5f3a\u5978[284]<\/a><\/sup>[285]<\/a><\/sup>[286]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5f3a\u5978\u6848\u66f4\u662f\u4fb5\u72af\u5e74\u4ec510\u5c81\u7684\u513f\u7ae5[287]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u4e0e\u5a74\u513f\u5f3a\u5978\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/a>\u53d1\u751f\u7387\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u4e8e\u53d7\u5230\u5904\u5973\u827e\u6ecb\u6e05\u9664\u8bf4<\/a>\u7684\u8c23\u8a00\u6240\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u66f4\u53ea\u67098\u4e2a\u6708\u5927[287]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9ad8\u8c03\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u5df2\u7ecf\u73b7\u6c61\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u58f0\u8a89<\/a>[288]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.3 \u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb | Foreign relations<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u5357\u975e\u5916\u4ea4<\/a> \/ Main article: Foreign relations of South Africa<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/a>
    \u56fe\u7247\u9898\u6ce8\uff1aPM in a family photograph during the BRICS Leaders Retreat Meeting, at Johannesburg, in South Africa on August 23, 2023.
    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a2023\u5e748\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5185\u65af\u5821\uff0c\u91d1\u7816\u56fd\u5bb6\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4f1a\u6664\u95f4\u9699\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u603b\u7406\u5728\u4e00\u5f20\u5bb6\u5ead\u5408\u5f71\u4e2d\u3002
    \u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aPrime Minister’s Office (    GODL-India<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/a>
    \u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df
    \u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a    Aquintero82<\/a>
    \u56fe\u4f8b\u89c1\u4e0b\u56fe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    1948\u5e74\u81f31990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u767d\u4eba\u653f\u5e9c\u91c7\u884c\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb<\/a>\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u906d\u53d7\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u666e\u904d\u62b5\u5236<\/a>\u4e0e\u6392\u65a5<\/a>[289]<\/a><\/sup>[290]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5730\u4f4d\u6781\u4e3a\u5b64\u7acb<\/a>[289]<\/a><\/sup>[290]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u4ec5\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b<\/a>\u56fd\u571f\u5317\u65b9\u7684<\/a>\u767d\u4eba\u653f\u6743<\/a>\u4e3a\u76df\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u6743\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u5357\u975e\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u8eab\u5927\u591a\u4ea6\u9762\u5bf9\u7740\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89<\/a>\u3001\u9ed1\u4eba\u66b4\u52a8\u3001\u75be\u75c5<\/a>\u7b49\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u800c\u652f\u63f4\u767d\u4eba\u653f\u6743<\/a>\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u82b1\u8d39\u66f4\u4e00\u5ea6\u62d6\u57ae\u4e86\u5357\u975e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u30021991\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u5b9e\u73b0\u8f6c\u578b\u6b63\u4e49<\/a>\u5e76\u5e9f\u9664\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u653f\u7b56\u540e\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u76f8\u7ee7\u89e3\u9664\u5bf9\u5357\u975e\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u88c1\uff0c\u5e76\u7eb7\u7eb7\u63d0\u5347\u3001\u6062\u590d\u6216\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0e\u5357\u975e\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u30021998\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u65ad\u7edd\u4e0e\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd<\/a>\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb<\/a>\uff0c\u5e76\u6b63\u5f0f\u4e0e\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>\u5efa\u7acb\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb<\/a>[291]<\/a><\/sup>[292]<\/a><\/sup>[293]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u65ad\u4ea4\u7684\u4e3b\u8981<\/a>\u90a6\u4ea4\u56fd<\/a>[294]<\/a><\/sup>[295]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u4ecd\u5728\u53f0\u6e7e<\/a>\u8bbe\u7acb\u4ee3\u8868\u5904<\/a>[296]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u4e0e\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u7ef4\u6301\u975e\u5b98\u65b9<\/a>\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb<\/a>\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00[292]<\/a><\/sup>[293]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1994\u5e74\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u7ed3\u675f\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u66fc\u5fb7\u62c9\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u4ee5\u5357\u975e\u91cd\u8fd4\u5e76\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u6574\u5408\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807[297]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u800c\u57281999\u5e74\u5854\u535a\u00b7\u59c6\u8d1d\u57fa<\/a>\u51fa\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u540e\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u5219\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u8d2b\u56f0\u4eba\u6c11\u906d\u9022\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u3001\u4ee5\u975e\u6d32\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ed3\u5408\u5357\u534a\u7403\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5173\u5207\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u5927\u652f\u67f1\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5357\u975e\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u5f80\u6765\u7684\u57fa\u7840[297]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5357\u975e\u8054\u90a6<\/a>\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u56fd<\/a>\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u662f\u8054\u5408\u56fd<\/a>\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u56fd\u4e4b\u4e00[59]<\/a><\/sup>[60]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u65f6\u4efb\u603b\u7406<\/a>\u626c\u00b7\u53f2\u672b\u8d44<\/a>\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u300a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5baa\u7ae0<\/a>\u300b\u7684\u5e8f\u8a00<\/a>[298]<\/a><\/sup>[299]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u662f\u975e\u6d32\u8054\u76df<\/a>\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53<\/a>\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u4ea6\u662f\u975e\u76df\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u53d1\u5c55\u65b0\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb<\/a>\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u5728\u5e03\u9686\u8fea<\/a>[170]<\/a><\/sup>\u3001\u521a\u679c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>[300]<\/a><\/sup>\u3001\u79d1\u6469\u7f57<\/a>[301]<\/a><\/sup>\u53ca\u6d25\u5df4\u5e03\u97e6<\/a>[302]<\/a><\/sup>\u7b49\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d\u5747\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u8c03\u89e3\u4eba\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u5165\u82f1\u8054\u90a6<\/a>[153]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u4ea6\u662f\u4e03\u5341\u4e03\u56fd\u96c6\u56e2<\/a>\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u5e76\u66fe\u5206\u522b\u4e8e2006\u5e74\u4e0e2015\u5e74\u62c5\u4efb\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2d\u56fd[303]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u66f4\u52a0\u662f\u5357\u90e8\u975e\u6d32\u53d1\u5c55\u5171\u540c\u4f53<\/a>\u3001\u5357\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u548c\u5e73\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u533a<\/a>\u3001\u5357\u90e8\u975e\u6d32\u5173\u7a0e\u540c\u76df<\/a>\u3001\u5357\u6781\u6761\u7ea6\u4f53\u7cfb<\/a>\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u8d38\u6613\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/a>\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u8d27\u5e01\u57fa\u91d1\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/a>\u3001\u4e8c\u5341\u56fd\u96c6\u56e2<\/a>\u3001\u516b\u56fd\u96c6\u56e2\u540c\u4e94\u56fd<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e1c\u90e8\u4e0e\u5357\u90e8\u975e\u6d32\u6e2f\u53e3\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u4f1a<\/a>\u7684\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2010\u5e748\u670824\u65e5\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u5357\u975e\u603b\u7edf\u96c5\u5404\u5e03\u00b7\u7956\u739b<\/a>\u4e0e\u65f6\u4efb\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4e3b\u5e2d<\/a>\u80e1\u9526\u6d9b<\/a>\u7b7e\u7f72\u300a\u5317\u4eac\u534f\u5b9a\u300b[304]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0e\u5357\u975e\u5173\u7cfb\u7531\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u201c\u6218\u7565\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb<\/a>\u201d\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u201c\u5168\u9762\u6218\u7565\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb<\/a>\u201d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u52a0\u5f3a\u5404\u81ea\u6267\u653f\u515a<\/a>\u53ca\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784<\/a>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41[305]<\/a><\/sup>[306]<\/a><\/sup>\u30022011\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u7956\u739b\u786e\u5b9a\u5357\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u52a0\u5165\u7531\u5168\u56fd\u4ee5\u81f3\u975e\u6d32\u6700\u5927\u8d38\u6613\u4f19\u4f34\u2014\u2014\u5df4\u897f\u3001\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u53ca\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u91d1\u7816\u56fd\u5bb6<\/a>\u7ec4\u7ec7[307]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u7956\u739b\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u91d1\u7816\u56fd\u5bb6\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u5c06\u4f1a\u900f\u8fc7\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u3001\u4e8c\u5341\u56fd\u96c6\u56e2\u4ee5\u53caIBSA\u5bf9\u8bdd\u8bba\u575b<\/a>\u76f8\u4e92\u5408\u4f5c[308]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u81ea1994\u5e74\u975e\u56fd\u5927\u6267\u653f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u975e\u6d32\u96c6\u56e2\u9886\u8896\u81ea\u5c45\uff0c\u5e76\u79ef\u6781\u63a8\u52a8\u975e\u6d32\u5408\u4f17\u56fd<\/a>\u4e0e\u4fc3\u6210\u975e\u6d32\u56e2\u7ed3\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/a>[241]<\/a><\/sup>\u30022001\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4e3b\u5e2d\u56fd\u5357\u975e\u4e3b\u6301\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u7edf\u4e00\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/a>\u5e38\u4f1a\u51b3\u8bae\u901a\u8fc7\u6210\u7acb\u975e\u6d32\u53d1\u5c55\u65b0\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u57282002\u5e747\u6708\u4e8e\u5357\u975e\u5fb7\u73ed\u6210\u529f\u6539\u7ec4\u6210\u975e\u6d32\u8054\u76df[241]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u73b0\u4eca\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u4e3a\u5357\u5171\u4f53\u53ca\u4e0d\u7ed3\u76df\u8fd0\u52a8<\/a>\u9f99\u5934\uff0c\u4ea6\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c<\/a>\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba\u81ea\u5c45[241]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2018\u5e747\u670831\u65e5\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u603b\u7edf\u897f\u91cc\u5c14\u00b7\u62c9\u9a6c\u798f\u8428<\/a>\u5ba3\u5e03\u5176\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u6267\u653f\u515a\u975e\u56fd\u5927\u652f\u6301\u4fee\u6539\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u529b\u6c42\u65e0\u507f\u5f81\u6536\u767d\u4eba\u5728\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u671f\u95f4\u6240\u593a\u53d6\u7684\u571f\u5730[125]<\/a><\/sup>[127]<\/a><\/sup>[163]<\/a><\/sup>[278]<\/a><\/sup>[309]<\/a><\/sup>[310]<\/a><\/sup>\u30028\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf<\/a>\u5510\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u7279\u6717\u666e<\/a>\u5728Twitter<\/a>\u4e0a\u53d1\u6587<\/a>\u79f0\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662<\/a>\u5c06\u8c03\u67e5\u5357\u975e\u63a8\u52a8\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769<\/a>\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5f3a\u5f81\u767d\u4eba\u571f\u5730\u4e0e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6740\u5bb3\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u51b5[278]<\/a><\/sup>[311]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u6570\u5c0f\u65f6\u540e\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u56de\u51fb\uff0c\u65a5\u8d23\u7279\u6717\u666e\u4f9d\u636e\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u53d1\u8a00\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5e72\u6d89\u5185\u653f[278]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u6495\u88c2\u5357\u975e\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u611f\u60c5[311]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba9\u5357\u975e\u6c11\u4f17\u56de\u60f3\u8d77\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6[312]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u4ea6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5c06\u4ee5\u8c28\u614e\u884c\u4e8b\u3001\u5305\u5bb9\u3001\u900f\u8fc7\u591a\u65b9\u8003\u91cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u5206\u88c2\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f[313]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u5728\u5c3d\u91cf\u52a0\u901f\u63a8\u52a8\u571f\u6539\u6b65\u4f10\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5206\u88c2[314]<\/a><\/sup>[315]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u901a\u8baf\u90e8\u957f<\/a>\u8bfa\u7ef4\u62c9\u00b7\u83ab\u5e93\u4e9a\u5c3c<\/a>\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5357\u975e\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/a>[316]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.4 \u519b\u4e8b | Military<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u5357\u975e\u56fd\u9632\u519b<\/a> \/ Main article: South African National Defence Force<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \u56fe5-8\u81f35-11\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \u5357\u975e\u56fd\u9632\u519b<\/a>\u4e8e1994\u5e74\u6210\u7acb[317]<\/a><\/sup>[318]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u5357\u975e\u9632\u536b\u519b<\/a>[319]<\/a><\/sup>[320]<\/a><\/sup>[321]<\/a><\/sup>\u3001\u6cdb\u975e\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90e8\u961f\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u77db<\/a>\u4e0e\u963f\u624e\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b<\/a>[322]<\/a><\/sup>\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u524d\u73ed\u56fe\u65af\u5766<\/a>\u7684\u9632\u536b\u90e8\u961f\u6240\u6574\u5408\u800c\u6210[317]<\/a><\/sup>[323]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\uff1a\u5357\u975e\u9646\u519b<\/a>\u3001\u5357\u975e\u7a7a\u519b<\/a>\u3001\u5357\u975e\u6d77\u519b<\/a>\u53ca\u5357\u975e\u519b\u961f\u536b\u751f\u670d\u52a1<\/a>[324]<\/a><\/sup>[325]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u975e\u6d32\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7ef4\u548c<\/a>\u90e8\u961f[326]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u5e76\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u83b1\u7d22\u6258<\/a>\u3001\u521a\u679c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>[326]<\/a><\/sup>[327]<\/a><\/sup>\u3001\u5e03\u9686\u8fea<\/a>[326]<\/a><\/sup>[328]<\/a><\/sup>\u3001\u4e2d\u975e\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/a>[329]<\/a><\/sup>[330]<\/a><\/sup>[331]<\/a><\/sup>\u4ee5\u53ca\u5357\u82cf\u4e39<\/a>[332]<\/a><\/sup>\u7b49\u5730\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u800c\u5357\u975e\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u519b\u4eba\u4e5f\u66fe\u5728\u591a\u56fd\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7ef4\u548c\u90e8\u961f<\/a>\u4e2d\u670d\u5f79\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u5e72\u9884\u65c5<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The SANDF are often deployed in crime fighting and whenever the South African Police Service<\/a> (SAPS) are no longer able to control the situation.[216]<\/a><\/sup> During the 2021 South African unrest<\/a>, South Africa’s worst violence since the end of apartheid<\/a>, saw the deployment of 25,000 troops, more than a dozen military helicopters and heavily armed vehicles deployed in the nation’s KwaZulu-Natal<\/a> and Gauteng<\/a> provinces to assist the South African Police in ending the riots and looting, this was one of the nation’s largest military deployments since 1994, the largest deployment of troops since the end of apartheid was in March 2020, when 70,000 troops were deployed to enforce the nation’s strict lockdown laws to combat the spread of COVID-19<\/a>.[217]<\/a><\/sup> South Africa has a lot of military bases<\/a> distributed all over the nation, this includes two naval bases, nine air force bases and the army maintains large bases in all nine provinces of the country.[218]<\/a><\/sup>
    \u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5357\u975e\u56fd\u9632\u519b\uff08SANDF\uff09\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u90e8\u7f72\u5728\u6253\u51fb\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ebf\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5357\u975e\u8b66\u5bdf\u7f72\uff08SAPS\uff09\u65e0\u6cd5\u518d\u63a7\u5236\u5c40\u52bf\u65f6\u51fa\u52a8\u3002[216]\u57282021\u5e74\u5357\u975e\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u9a9a\u4e71\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5357\u975e\u81ea\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u5236\u5ea6\u7ed3\u675f\u4ee5\u6765\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u5411\u5938\u7956\u9c81-\u7eb3\u5854\u5c14\u7701\u548c\u8c6a\u767b\u7701\u90e8\u7f72\u4e8625,000\u540d\u58eb\u5175\u3001\u5341\u591a\u67b6\u519b\u7528\u76f4\u5347\u673a\u548c\u91cd\u578b\u6b66\u88c5\u8f66\u8f86\uff0c\u534f\u52a9\u5357\u975e\u8b66\u65b9\u5e73\u606f\u66b4\u4e71\u548c\u62a2\u52ab\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u81ea1994\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u5357\u975e\u6700\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u90e8\u7f72\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u81ea\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u5236\u5ea6\u7ed3\u675f\u4ee5\u6765\u6700\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u90e8\u7f72\u53d1\u751f\u57282020\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u90e8\u7f72\u4e8670,000\u540d\u58eb\u5175\u6765\u6267\u884c\u5357\u975e\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5c01\u9501\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u904f\u5236\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u8513\u5ef6\u3002[217]\u5357\u975e\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u5206\u5e03\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u519b\u4e8b\u57fa\u5730\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u6d77\u519b\u57fa\u5730\u3001\u4e5d\u4e2a\u7a7a\u519b\u57fa\u5730\uff0c\u9646\u519b\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u4e5d\u4e2a\u7701\u90fd\u8bbe\u6709\u5927\u578b\u57fa\u5730\u3002[218]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The South African Defence Industry<\/a> is the most advanced on the African continent and one of the most advanced in the world.[219]<\/a>[220]<\/a><\/sup> As of 2020 South Africa is the world’s 24th largest arms exporter, the only nation in Africa.[221]<\/a><\/sup> The nation designs many types of weapons that range from armored fighting vehicles to ballistic missiles<\/a>, notable South African-made weapons include the Ratel IFV<\/a>, the world’s first wheeled infantry fighting vehicle<\/a>, South Africa also made its own attack helicopter<\/a> known as the “Rooivalk<\/a>” which is known to be one of the most advanced attack helicopters in the world.[219]<\/a><\/sup> In recent years a R16 billion ($1 billion) contract was signed with the local defence industry which aims to produce 244 units of Badger IFV<\/a> for the SANDF.[222]<\/a><\/sup>
    \u3010\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\u5357\u975e\u56fd\u9632\u5de5\u4e1a\u662f\u975e\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u6700\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u56fd\u9632\u5de5\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u56fd\u9632\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002[219][220]\u622a\u81f32020\u5e74\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c24\u5927\u519b\u706b\u51fa\u53e3\u56fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u6d32\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u519b\u706b\u51fa\u53e3\u56fd\u3002[221]\u5357\u975e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u4ece\u88c5\u7532\u6218\u8f66\u5230\u5f39\u9053\u5bfc\u5f39\u5e94\u6709\u5c3d\u6709\u3002\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5357\u975e\u5236\u9020\u6b66\u5668\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u737e\u201d\u5f0f\u6b65\u5175\u6218\u8f66\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u8f6e\u5f0f\u6b65\u5175\u6218\u8f66\u3002\u5357\u975e\u8fd8\u7814\u5236\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u76f4\u5347\u673a\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u730e\u8c79\u201d\u6b66\u88c5\u76f4\u5347\u673a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u76f4\u5347\u673a\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002[219]\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u4e0e\u672c\u56fd\u56fd\u9632\u5de5\u4e1a\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u4ef7\u503c160\u4ebf\u5170\u7279\uff0810\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\u7684\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4e3a\u5357\u975e\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u751f\u4ea7244\u8f86\u201c\u737e\u201d\u5f0f\u6b65\u5175\u6218\u8f66\u3002[222]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5357\u975e\u662f\u975e\u6d32\u552f\u4e00\u6210\u529f\u5f00\u53d1\u6838\u6b66\u5668<\/a>\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6[39]<\/a><\/sup>[40]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u6210\u4e3a\u9996\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u540e\u81ea\u613f\u6467\u6bc1\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6[39]<\/a><\/sup>[40]<\/a><\/sup>\uff08\u7d27\u968f\u5176\u540e\u7684\u662f\u4e4c\u514b\u5170<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6467\u6bc1\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e8e1991\u5e74\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u300a\u4e0d\u6269\u6563\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u6761\u7ea6\u300b[39]<\/a><\/sup>[40]<\/a><\/sup>[333]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u8ba1\u5212<\/a>[39]<\/a><\/sup>[40]<\/a><\/sup>[333]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u6839\u636e\u524d\u56fd\u5bb6\u603b\u7edf\u5fb7\u514b\u52d2\u514b\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u65e9\u57281974\u5e74\u4e8e\u82cf\u8054\u6269\u5f20\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u7684\u5a01\u80c1<\/a>\u4e0b\u5c31\u51b3\u5b9a\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u6838\u5a01\u6151<\/a>\u201d[39]<\/a><\/sup>[334]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u636e\u79f0\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u4e8e1979\u5e74\u5728\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u6d0b\u4ea4\u754c\u5904\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6838\u8bd5\u9a8c<\/a>[39]<\/a><\/sup>[40]<\/a><\/sup>[335]<\/a><\/sup>[336]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u4f46\u5b98\u65b9\u5df2\u5426\u8ba4\u6b64\u4e8b[336]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5fb7\u514b\u52d2\u514b\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u4ece\u672a\u8fdb\u884c\u79d8\u5bc6\u6838\u8bd5\u9a8c[334]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5357\u975e\u57281980\u5e74\u81f31990\u5e74\u95f4\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u516d\u4e2a\u6838\u88c5\u7f6e[39]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u4f46\u6240\u6709\u6838\u88c5\u7f6e\u90fd\u57281991\u5e74\u5357\u975e\u7b7e\u7f72\u300a\u4e0d\u6269\u6563\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u4e4b\u524d\u62c6\u9664[39]<\/a><\/sup>[334]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n\n\n\n

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