{"id":4537,"date":"2024-11-03T19:15:52","date_gmt":"2024-11-03T11:15:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/?p=4537"},"modified":"2025-01-30T21:50:12","modified_gmt":"2025-01-30T13:50:12","slug":"national-rally-zhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/2024\/11\/03\/national-rally-zhen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u56fd\u6c11\u8054\u76df\uff08\u6cd5\u56fd\uff09\/ National Rally &#8211; \u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u878d\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a> <br>\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a> <br>\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u5e76\u8865\u5145\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5728\u4e8c\u8005\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u665a\u66f4\u65b0\u8005\u4e3a\u51c6\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5408\u89c4\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u4e0a\u4f20\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u5b57\u91c7\u7528<strong>\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3<\/strong>\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c\u97f3\u8282\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u58f0\u8c03\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u5173\u4e8e\u8fbd\u89c2\u7684\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u642c\u8fd0\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5df2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wikipedia-intro\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wikipedia-intro\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a<\/a>\u3002\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff08Wikipedia\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8bd1\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u8fbd\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002<strong>\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/strong> <\/p>\n<cite>\u8fbd\u89c2\u6240\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e00\u9053\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faaCC BY-SA 4.0\u534f\u8bae\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/653887754?utm_psn=1730141199812366337\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8fbd\u89c2\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167\u7248\u672c<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u548c\u89c6\u9891\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u534f\u8bae\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/666846485?utm_psn=1730141316690960386\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u6b63\u6587\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u77e5\u4e4e\u4e13\u680f\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u6982\u8ff0\u3001\u6210\u7acb\u80cc\u666f\u3001\u65e9\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u8001\u52d2\u5e9e\u65f6\u671f\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/4763196344\/\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u5c0f\u52d2\u5e9e\u65f6\u671f\u3001\u5df4\u5c14\u4ee3\u62c9\u65f6\u671f\u3001\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/5531727864\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u4e89\u8bae\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u9009\u4e3e\u7ed3\u679c\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/5544041101\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"See_also\">2. \u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8bcd\u6761 | See also<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neo-nationalism\">Neo-nationalism<\/a>\u3010\u65b0\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Radical_Right_in_Western_Europe\">The Radical Right in Western Europe<\/a>\u3010\u897f\u6b27\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u53f3\u7ffc\u3011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radical_right_(Europe)\">Radical right (Europe)<\/a>\u3010\u6781\u7aef\u53f3\u7ffc\uff08\u6b27\u6d32\uff09\u3011<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"References\">3. \u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e | References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-1\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Gatehouse, Gabriel (5 December 2015).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35003920\">&#8220;Vive la difference \u2013 has France&#8217;s Front National changed?&#8221;<\/a>. BBC News.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180717051037\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35003920\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 17 July 2018. Retrieved\u00a021 June\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-france-election-far-right-nazi-hunter-antisemitism_2-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Corbet, Sylvie (3 July 2024).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/france-election-far-right-nazi-hunter-antisemitism-dbe220c915894f6aded6f3547c05aae0\">&#8220;Renowned Nazi hunter in France advises Jews to choose far right over far left in elections&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>AP News<\/em>. The Associated Press.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240703172743\/https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/france-election-far-right-nazi-hunter-antisemitism-dbe220c915894f6aded6f3547c05aae0\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 3 July 2024. Retrieved\u00a08 July\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-rise-france-right_3-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Kirby, Paul (30 June 2024).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/live\/cn087x77g1dt?post=asset%3A74817d7b-7a89-42c3-9d5b-7941ebfbf819#post\">&#8220;The rise and rise of France&#8217;s far right&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>BBC News<\/em>. BBC.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240708085233\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/live\/cn087x77g1dt?post=asset%3A74817d7b-7a89-42c3-9d5b-7941ebfbf819#post\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 8 July 2024. Retrieved\u00a08 July\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-4\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.francetvinfo.fr\/politique\/front-national\/le-rn-affirme-avoir-passe-la-barre-des-100-000-adherents_6640227.html\">&#8220;Le RN affirm\u00e9 avoir 100,000 adh\u00e9rents&#8221;<\/a>. 1 July 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-5\">^<\/a><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Jens Rydgren (2008). &#8220;France: The Front National, Ethnonationalism and Populism&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Twenty-First Century Populism<\/em>. Link.springer.com. pp.\u00a0166\u2013180.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057%2F9780230592100_11\">10.1057\/9780230592100_11<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-349-28476-4\"><bdi>978-1-349-28476-4<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/sep\/18\/nation-state-marine-le-pen-global-mood-france-brexit-trump-front-national\">&#8220;&#8216;The nation state is back&#8217;: Front National&#8217;s Marine Le Pen rides on global mood&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Guardian<\/em>. 18 September 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/europe\/2022\/11\/03\/marine-le-pen-says-sanctions-on-russia-are-not-working\">&#8220;Marine Le Pen says sanctions on Russia are not working&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Economist<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-6\">^<\/a><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/politiques\/2014\/04\/21\/depuis-2011-le-fn-est-devenu-protectionniste-au-sens-large_1001771\">&#8220;Depuis 2011, le FN est devenu &#8220;protectionniste au sens large&#8221;&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Liberation<\/em>. 21 April 2014.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150927204331\/http:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/politiques\/2014\/04\/21\/depuis-2011-le-fn-est-devenu-protectionniste-au-sens-large_1001771\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved\u00a09 August\u00a02014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Taylor, Adam (8 January 2015).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/worldviews\/wp\/2015\/01\/08\/french-far-right-leader-seeks-to-reintroduce-death-penalty-after-charlie-hebdo-attack\/\">&#8220;French far-right leader seeks to reintroduce death penalty after Charlie Hebdo attack&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Washington Post<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150707005414\/http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/worldviews\/wp\/2015\/01\/08\/french-far-right-leader-seeks-to-reintroduce-death-penalty-after-charlie-hebdo-attack\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved\u00a031 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0Abridged list of reliable sources that refer to the National Rally as\u00a0<em>far-right<\/em>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Academic:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Az\u00e9ma, Jean-Pierre; Winock, Michel (1994).\u00a0<em>Histoire de l&#8217;extr\u00eame droite en France<\/em>. \u00c9ditions du Seuil.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9782020232005\"><bdi>9782020232005<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFCamusLebourg2017\">Camus &amp; Lebourg 2017<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hobolt, Sara; De Vries, Catherine (16 June 2020).\u00a0<em>Political Entrepreneurs: The Rise of Challenger Parties in Europe<\/em>. Princeton University Press.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0691194752\"><bdi>978-0691194752<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Joly, Bertrand (2008).\u00a0<em>Nationalistes et Conservateurs en France, 1885\u20131902<\/em>. Les Indes Savantes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kitschelt, Herbert; McGann, Anthony (1995).\u00a0<em>The radical right in Western Europe: a comparative analysis<\/em>. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. pp.\u00a091\u2013120.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0472106635\"><bdi>0472106635<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>McGann, Anthony; Kitschelt, Herbert (1997).\u00a0<em>The Radical Right in Western Europe A Comparative Analysis<\/em>. University of Michigan Press.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780472084418\"><bdi>9780472084418<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mayer, Nonna (January 2013). &#8220;From Jean-Marie to Marine Le Pen: Electoral Change on the Far Right&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Parliamentary Affairs<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>66<\/strong>\u00a0(1): 160\u2013178.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fpa%2Fgss071\">10.1093\/pa\/gss071<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Messina, Anthony (2015). &#8220;The political and policy impacts of extreme right parties in time and context&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Ethnic and Racial Studies<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>38<\/strong>\u00a0(8): 1355\u20131361.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F01419870.2015.1016071\">10.1080\/01419870.2015.1016071<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\">S2CID<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:143522149\">143522149<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mondon, Aurelien (2015).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/opus.bath.ac.uk\/37668\/1\/The_French_secular_hypocrisy_Final_.docx\">&#8220;The French secular hypocrisy: the extreme right, the Republic and the battle for hegemony&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Patterns of Prejudice<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>&#8217;49<\/strong>\u00a0(4): 392\u2013413.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F0031322X.2015.1069063\">10.1080\/0031322X.2015.1069063<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\">S2CID<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:146600042\">146600042<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mudde, Cas (25 October 2019).\u00a0<em>The Far Right Today and The ideology of the extreme right<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Wiley_%26_Sons\">John Wiley &amp; Sons<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1509536856\"><bdi>978-1509536856<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rydgren, Jens (2008).\u00a0<em>France: The Front National, Ethnonationalism and Populism<\/em>. London: Palgrave Macmillan.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9781349284764\"><bdi>9781349284764<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Simmons, Harvey G. (1996).\u00a0<em>The French National Front: The Extremist Challenge To Democracy<\/em>. Westview Press.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0813389790\"><bdi>978-0813389790<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Williams, Michelle Hale (January 2011). &#8220;A new era for French far right politics? Comparing the FN under two Le Pens and The Impact of Radical Right-Wing Parties in West European Democracies&#8221;.\u00a0<em>An\u00e1lise Social<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>201<\/strong>\u00a0(1): 679\u2013695.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>News:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/victory-for-frances-conservatives-in-local-elections\/a-18348677\">&#8220;Victory for France&#8217;s conservatives in local elections&#8221;<\/a>. Deutsche Welle. AP, AFP, Reuters. 30 March 2015.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170301094302\/http:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/victory-for-frances-conservatives-in-local-elections\/a-18348677\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved\u00a028 February\u00a02017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bamat, Joseph (23 April 2011).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20110421-marine-le-pen-france-opinion-poll-presidential-election-sarkozy-strauss-kahn\">&#8220;New poll shows far right could squeeze out Sarkozy&#8221;<\/a>. France 24.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110427182625\/http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20110421-marine-le-pen-france-opinion-poll-presidential-election-sarkozy-strauss-kahn\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 27 April 2011. Retrieved\u00a026 May\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dodman, Benjamin (23 November 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20141123-france-far-right-turns-russian-lender-national-front-marine-le-pen\/\">&#8220;France&#8217;s cash-strapped far right turns to Russian lender&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>France24<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150129205458\/http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20141123-france-far-right-turns-russian-lender-national-front-marine-le-pen\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 29 January 2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Erlanger, Steven; de Freytas-Tamura, Kimiko (17 December 2016).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/12\/17\/world\/europe\/european-union-france-frexit-marine-le-pen.html\">&#8220;E.U. Faces Its Next Big Test as France&#8217;s Election Looms&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The New York Times<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170302100409\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/12\/17\/world\/europe\/european-union-france-frexit-marine-le-pen.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 2 March 2017. Retrieved\u00a028 February\u00a02017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Frosch, Jon (7 March 2011).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20110307-new-poll-far-right-marine-le-pen-presidential-frontrunner\">&#8220;Far-right&#8217;s Marine Le Pen leads in shock new poll&#8221;<\/a>. France 24.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110310165822\/http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20110307-new-poll-far-right-marine-le-pen-presidential-frontrunner\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 10 March 2011. Retrieved\u00a026 May\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lichfield, John (1 March 2015).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/rise-of-the-french-far-right-front-national-party-could-make-sweeping-gains-at-this-months-local-elections-10078824.html\">&#8220;Rise of the French far right: Front National party could make sweeping gains at this month&#8217;s local elections&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Independent<\/em>. London.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150925191526\/http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/rise-of-the-french-far-right-front-national-party-could-make-sweeping-gains-at-this-months-local-elections-10078824.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved\u00a031 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Meichtry, Stacy; Bisserbe, Noemie (19 August 2015).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-family-drama-splits-far-right-in-france-1440029252\">&#8220;Le Pen Family Drama Splits France&#8217;s Far Right National Front Party&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Wall Street Journal<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200804051659\/https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-family-drama-splits-far-right-in-france-1440029252\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved\u00a028 February\u00a02017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Polakow-Suransky, Sasha.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/nov\/01\/the-ruthlessly-effective-rebranding-of-europes-new-far-right\">&#8220;The ruthlessly effective rebranding of Europe&#8217;s new far right&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Guardian<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200708104251\/https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/nov\/01\/the-ruthlessly-effective-rebranding-of-europes-new-far-right\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 8 July 2020. Retrieved\u00a030 June\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tourret, Nathalie (14 August 2010).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20100813-japan-europe-far-right-gathering-tokyo-yasukuni-shrine-le-pen-ww2\">&#8220;Japanese and European far right gathers in Tokyo&#8221;<\/a>. France 24.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110215031332\/http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20100813-japan-europe-far-right-gathering-tokyo-yasukuni-shrine-le-pen-ww2\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 15 February 2011. Retrieved\u00a06 May\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Van, Sonia (29 July 2011).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/specials\/packages\/article\/0,28804,2085728_2085727_2085707,00.html\">&#8220;France \u2013 A Guide to Europe&#8217;s Right-Wing Parties and Extremist Groups&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Time_(magazine)\">Time<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160227151808\/http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/specials\/packages\/article\/0,28804,2085728_2085727_2085707,00.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 27 February 2016. Retrieved\u00a023 February\u00a02016.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-9\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Garnier, Christophe-C\u00e9cil (7 December 2015).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.slate.fr\/story\/111151\/couleur-front-national-cartes-regionales\">&#8220;Quelle doit \u00eatre la couleur du Front national sur les cartes \u00e9lectorales?&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(in French). Slate.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180614172549\/http:\/\/www.slate.fr\/story\/111151\/couleur-front-national-cartes-regionales\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 14 June 2018. Retrieved\u00a06 May\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-11\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Ivaldi, Gilles (18 May 2016).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=Ft8eDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA225\">&#8220;A new course for the French radical right? The Front National and &#8220;de-demonisation&#8221;&#8221;<\/a>. In Akkerman, Tjitske; de Lange, Sarah L.; Rooduijn, Matthijs (eds.).\u00a0<em>Radical Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe: Into the Mainstream?<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Routledge\">Routledge<\/a>. p.\u00a0225.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-317-41978-5\"><bdi>978-1-317-41978-5<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210926144322\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=Ft8eDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA225\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 26 September 2021. Retrieved\u00a06 July\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-12\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Forchtner, Bernhard (September 2019). &#8220;Climate change and the far right&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>10<\/strong>\u00a0(5): e604.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode_(identifier)\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2019WIRCC..10E.604F\">2019WIRCC..10E.604F<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fwcc.604\">10.1002\/wcc.604<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\">S2CID<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:202196807\">202196807<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-13\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Forchtner, Bernhard (2020).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=qBmvDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT14\"><em>The Far Right and the Environment: Politics, Discourse and Communication<\/em><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Routledge\">Routledge<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-351-10402-9\"><bdi>978-1-351-10402-9<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210927072356\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=qBmvDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT14\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved\u00a06 July\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-14\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_note-11\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_note-12\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_note-13\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-15\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Ivaldi, Gilles (18 April 2016).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr\/halshs-01258016\">&#8220;Le Front national fran\u00e7ais dans l&#8217;espace des droites radicales europ\u00e9ennes&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Pouvoirs<\/em>\u00a0(157): 115\u2013126.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3917%2Fpouv.157.0115\">10.3917\/pouv.157.0115<\/a>.\u00a0<q>le mouvement lep\u00e9niste peut \u00eatre \u00e0 juste titre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme le mod\u00e8le prototypique de la \u00ab\u00a0nouvelle\u00a0\u00bb droite radicale populiste paneurop\u00e9enne, variante contemporaine de l&#8217;extr\u00eame droite traditionnelle<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavies201246%E2%80%9355_16-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDavies2012\">Davies 2012<\/a>, pp.\u00a046\u201355.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-17\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/rassemblementnational.fr\/22-mesures\">&#8220;22 MESURES POUR 2022 (22 measures for 2022)&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Rassemblement National<\/em>. 2022. Retrieved\u00a026 June\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-18\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Lebourg, Nicolas; Preda, Jonathan (15 May 2013). &#8220;Ordre Nouveau, fin des illusions droiti\u00e8res et matrice activiste du premier Front national&#8221; [New Order, end of illusions and the activist matrix of the first National Front].\u00a0<em>Studia Historica. Historia Contempor\u00e1nea<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>30<\/strong>: 205\u2013230.\u00a0<q>Sa &#8220;m\u00e9moire&#8221; se structure autour de deux motifs: la violence de masse, et l&#8217;int\u00e9gration de l&#8217;extr\u00eame droite au jeu politique avec la cr\u00e9ation par Ordre Nouveau du Front National en 1972.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007229_19-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0229.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeClair199946,_56_and_71_20-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, pp.\u00a046, 56 and 71.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/marine-le-pen-front-national-stepping-down-leader-party-french-election-a7700286.html\">&#8220;Marine Le Pen temporarily steps down as Front National leader to concentrate on presidential bid&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Independent\">The Independent<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170906035210\/https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/marine-le-pen-front-national-stepping-down-leader-party-french-election-a7700286.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 6 September 2017. Retrieved\u00a05 September\u00a02017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/frances-far-right-picks-jordan-bardella-to-succeed-marine-le-pen-as-party-chief\/a-63659047\">&#8220;France&#8217;s far right replaces Le Pen with Jordan Bardella \u2013 DW \u2013 11\/05\/2022&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>dw.com<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a05 November\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-:1_23-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/National-Rally-France\">&#8220;National Rally&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica\">Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica<\/a><\/em>. Retrieved\u00a010 August\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-24\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Softening image:<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180215151555\/http:\/\/www.policy-network.net\/pno_detail.aspx?ID=4821&amp;title=The-French-National-Front-On-its-way-to-power\">&#8220;The French National Front: On its way to power?&#8221;<\/a>. Policy-network.net. 22 January 2015. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.policy-network.net\/pno_detail.aspx?ID=4821&amp;title=The-French-National-Front-On-its-way-to-power\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 15 February 2018. Retrieved\u00a031 March\u00a02015.<\/li><\/ul><br>Devil of the Republic:<ul><li>Craw, Victoria (23 January 2015).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.news.com.au\/finance\/work\/national-front-leader-marine-le-pen-tipped-for-french-presidential-run-following-terror-attacks\/story-fn5tas5k-1227193765793\">&#8220;Marine Le Pen National Front leader | Who is Marine Le Pen?&#8221;<\/a>. News.com.au.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150123055934\/http:\/\/www.news.com.au\/finance\/work\/national-front-leader-marine-le-pen-tipped-for-french-presidential-run-following-terror-attacks\/story-fn5tas5k-1227193765793\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 23 January 2015. Retrieved\u00a031 March\u00a02015.<\/li><\/ul><br>Holocaust denial:<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/apr\/06\/jean-marie-le-pen-fined-again-dismissing-holocaust-detail\">&#8220;Jean-Marie Le Pen fined again for dismissing Holocaust as &#8216;detail'&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>theguardian<\/em>. 6 April 2016.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210323040033\/https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/apr\/06\/jean-marie-le-pen-fined-again-dismissing-holocaust-detail\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 23 March 2021. Retrieved\u00a016 September\u00a02019.<\/li><\/ul><br>Islamophobia:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/societe\/article\/2005\/02\/24\/jean-marie-le-pen-condamne-pour-incitation-a-la-haine-raciale_399429_3224.html\">&#8220;Jean-Marie Le Pen condamn\u00e9 pour incitation \u00e0 la haine raciale&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Le Monde.fr<\/em>. lemonde.fr. 24 February 2005.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210225013204\/https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/societe\/article\/2005\/02\/24\/jean-marie-le-pen-condamne-pour-incitation-a-la-haine-raciale_399429_3224.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved\u00a016 September\u00a02019.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-25\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Jean-Marie suspension and expulsion:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-32585531\">&#8220;France National Front: Jean-Marie Le Pen suspended&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>BBC News<\/em>. 4 May 2015.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180720092916\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-32585531\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved\u00a021 June\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lexpress.fr\/actualite\/politique\/fn\/jean-marie-le-pen-exclu-du-front-national_1708366.html\">&#8220;Jean-Marie Le Pen, exclu du Front national, fera &#8220;bien \u00e9videmment&#8221; un recours en justice&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>L&#8217;Express<\/em>. 20 August 2015.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151208122501\/http:\/\/www.lexpress.fr\/actualite\/politique\/fn\/jean-marie-le-pen-exclu-du-front-national_1708366.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved\u00a09 December\u00a02015.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-26\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151119115317\/http:\/\/openeurope.org.uk\/blog\/local-elections-confirm-a-quarter-of-french-voters-support-front-national\/\">&#8220;Local elections confirm a quarter of French voters support Front National&#8221;<\/a>. openeurope.org.uk. 23 March 2015. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/openeurope.org.uk\/blog\/local-elections-confirm-a-quarter-of-french-voters-support-front-national\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 19 November 2015. Retrieved\u00a017 June\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-27\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0John Lichfield (1 March 2015).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/rise-of-the-french-far-right-front-national-party-could-make-sweeping-gains-at-this-months-local-elections-10078824.html\">&#8220;Rise of the French far right: Front National party could make sweeping gains at this month&#8217;s local elections&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Independent<\/em>. London.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150925191526\/http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/rise-of-the-french-far-right-front-national-party-could-make-sweeping-gains-at-this-months-local-elections-10078824.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved\u00a031 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-28\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180613134139\/http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20150302-poll-france-far-right-le-pen\/\">&#8220;France \u2013 Poll gives France&#8217;s far-right National Front party boost ahead of regional vote&#8221;<\/a>. France24.com. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20150302-poll-france-far-right-le-pen\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 13 June 2018. Retrieved\u00a031 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-:6_29-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Vinocur, Nicholas (12 February 2024).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/marine-le-pen-turned-respectable-france-presidential-election\/\">&#8220;How Marine Le Pen turned respectable (and why you shouldn&#8217;t be fooled)&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>POLITICO<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a012 February\u00a02024.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cohen, Dinah (22 September 2023).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/politique\/senatoriales-le-conseil-d-etat-juge-que-l-etiquette-extreme-droite-doit-s-appliquer-aux-candidats-rn-20230922\">&#8220;S\u00e9natoriales\u00a0: le Conseil d&#8217;\u00c9tat juge que l&#8217;\u00e9tiquette \u00abextr\u00eame droite\u00bb doit s&#8217;appliquer aux candidats RN&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Le Figaro<\/em>\u00a0(in French).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/politique\/live\/2018\/03\/11\/congres-du-front-national-suivez-en-direct-le-discours-de-marine-le-pen_5269149_823448.html\">&#8220;Marine Le Pen propose de renommer le FN &#8221; Rassemblement national &#8220;&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Le Monde<\/em>. 11 March 2018.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180311152445\/http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/\/politique\/live\/2018\/03\/11\/congres-du-front-national-suivez-en-direct-le-discours-de-marine-le-pen_5269149_823448.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved\u00a011 March\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/politique\/article\/2018\/06\/01\/marine-le-pen-annonce-que-le-front-national-devient-rassemblement-national_5308450_823448.html\">&#8220;Marine Le Pen annonce que le Front national devient Rassemblement national&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Le Monde<\/em>. 1 June 2018.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180601234455\/https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/politique\/article\/2018\/06\/01\/marine-le-pen-annonce-que-le-front-national-devient-rassemblement-national_5308450_823448.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 1 June 2018. Retrieved\u00a01 June\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-32\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Barbi\u00e8re, C\u00e9cile (16 April 2019).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/eu-elections-2019\/news\/le-pens-rassemblement-national-makes-its-ties-to-the-eu-and-the-euro-official\/\">&#8220;Le Pen&#8217;s Rassemblement National revises stance towards EU and the euro&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>euractiv.com<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210225013131\/https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/eu-elections-2019\/news\/le-pens-rassemblement-national-makes-its-ties-to-the-eu-and-the-euro-official\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved\u00a011 February\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.fr\/entry\/marine-le-pen-ne-veut-plus-suspendre-les-accords-de-schengen_fr_60141c35c5b653f644d31836\">&#8220;Apr\u00e8s l&#8217;euro et le Frexit, nouveau revirement europ\u00e9en de Marine Le Pen&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Le HuffPost<\/em>\u00a0(in French). 29 January 2021.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210221213040\/https:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.fr\/entry\/marine-le-pen-ne-veut-plus-suspendre-les-accords-de-schengen_fr_60141c35c5b653f644d31836\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 21 February 2021. Retrieved\u00a011 February\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-34\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.20minutes.fr\/politique\/2965123-20210129-marine-pen-envisage-plus-suspendre-accords-schengen\">&#8220;Marine Le Pen n&#8217;envisage plus de suspendre les accords de Schengen&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>20minutes.fr<\/em>\u00a0(in French). 12 February 2020.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210219183354\/https:\/\/www.20minutes.fr\/politique\/2965123-20210129-marine-pen-envisage-plus-suspendre-accords-schengen\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 19 February 2021. Retrieved\u00a011 February\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-35\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7f23bd87-ced0-4f7a-9167-c470beeb3c1a\">&#8220;Left-wing surge thwarts far right in French election&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>www.ft.com<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a08 July\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavies201231%E2%80%9335_36-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDavies2012\">Davies 2012<\/a>, pp.\u00a031\u201335.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeClair199921%E2%80%9324_37-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, pp.\u00a021\u201324.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeClair199925%E2%80%9327_38-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, pp.\u00a025\u201327.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeClair199927%E2%80%9331_39-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, pp.\u00a027\u201331.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeClair199913%E2%80%9317_40-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, pp.\u00a013\u201317.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-41\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Day, Alan John (2002).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=pmwYAAAAIAAJ\"><em>Political parties of the world<\/em><\/a>. University of Michigan. p.\u00a0193.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-9536278-7-5\"><bdi>978-0-9536278-7-5<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007163%E2%80%93164_42-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, pp.\u00a0163\u2013164.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeClair199936_f_43-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, pp.\u00a036 f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0169.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007159,_169_45-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, pp.\u00a0159, 169.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeClair199931,_36%E2%80%9337_46-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, pp.\u00a031, 36\u201337.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKitscheltMcGann199794_47-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFKitscheltMcGann1997\">Kitschelt &amp; McGann 1997<\/a>, p.\u00a094.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeClair199913_48-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, p.\u00a013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-49\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0De Boissieu, Laurent.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.france-politique.fr\/chronologie-fn.htm\">&#8220;Chronologie du Front National FN&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>France Politique<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/1765-2898\">1765-2898<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190831115618\/https:\/\/www.france-politique.fr\/chronologie-fn.htm\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 31 August 2019. Retrieved\u00a031 August\u00a02019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeClair199938_f_50-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, pp.\u00a038 f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007170_51-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0170.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007171_52-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0171.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, p.\u00a039.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007173_f_54-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, pp.\u00a0173 f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007174_f_55-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, pp.\u00a0174 f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0175.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007176_f_57-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0176 f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0183.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007177,_185_59-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, pp.\u00a0177, 185.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0177.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, p.\u00a041.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007178_f_62-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0178 f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007180%E2%80%93184_63-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0180\u2013184.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECamusLebourg2017121_64-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFCamusLebourg2017\">Camus &amp; Lebourg 2017<\/a>, p.\u00a0121.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007181,_184_65-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, pp.\u00a0181, 184.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECamusLebourg2017106_66-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFCamusLebourg2017\">Camus &amp; Lebourg 2017<\/a>, p.\u00a0106.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007179%E2%80%93180,_185%E2%80%93187_67-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, pp.\u00a0179\u2013180, 185\u2013187.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeClair199943_68-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, p.\u00a043.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007181_f_69-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0181 f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007182_70-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007182_70-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007182_70-2\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0182.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007182,_198_72-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, pp.\u00a0182, 198.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007182_f_73-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0182 f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-74\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0White, John Kenneth (1998).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=AdZBAAsucPcC&amp;pg=PA38\"><em>Political parties and the collapse of the old orders<\/em><\/a>. SUNY. p.\u00a038.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-7914-4067-4\"><bdi>978-0-7914-4067-4<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-75\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Birch, Jonah (19 August 2015).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jacobinmag.com\/2015\/08\/francois-mitterrand-socialist-party-common-program-communist-pcf-1981-elections-austerity\/\">&#8220;The Many Lives of Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jacobin_(magazine)\">Jacobin<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170323130713\/https:\/\/www.jacobinmag.com\/2015\/08\/francois-mitterrand-socialist-party-common-program-communist-pcf-1981-elections-austerity\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 23 March 2017. Retrieved\u00a022 March\u00a02017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKitscheltMcGann199795%E2%80%9398_76-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFKitscheltMcGann1997\">Kitschelt &amp; McGann 1997<\/a>, pp.\u00a095\u201398.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0195.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, p.\u00a060.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^ <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0196.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeClair199961_80-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, p.\u00a061.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKitscheltMcGann1997100_81-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFKitscheltMcGann1997\">Kitschelt &amp; McGann 1997<\/a>, p.\u00a0100.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeClair199976_82-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, p.\u00a076.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeClair199962_83-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, p.\u00a062.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeClair199963_85-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, p.\u00a063.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007194_86-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0194.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007230_87-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0230.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0197.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0209.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeClair199966_91-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, pp.\u00a066.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeClair199964%E2%80%9366_92-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, pp.\u00a064\u201366.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^ <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0216.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, p.\u00a080.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-95\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Fabre, Clarisse (4 May 2002).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/felina.pagesperso-orange.fr\/doc\/extr_dr\/prop_lois.htm\">&#8220;Entre 1986 et 1988, les d\u00e9put\u00e9s FN voulaient r\u00e9tablir la peine de mort et instaurer la pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence nationale&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(In French).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161212194534\/http:\/\/felina.pagesperso-orange.fr\/doc\/extr_dr\/prop_lois.htm\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 12 December 2016. Retrieved\u00a018 September\u00a02016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007217_96-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0217.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0219.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeClair199968_98-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, p.\u00a068.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007224_99-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0224.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeClair199970_100-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, p.\u00a070.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0227.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007223_f_102-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, pp.\u00a0223 f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeClair199989_103-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, pp.\u00a089.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^ <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, p.\u00a090.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007233_105-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0233.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007234_106-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0234.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007235%E2%80%93237_107-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, pp.\u00a0235\u2013237.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007237_108-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0237.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007236_f_109-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, pp.\u00a0236 f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeClair199993_110-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, p.\u00a093.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007247%E2%80%93249_112-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, pp.\u00a0247\u2013249.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeClair199994_f_113-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, pp.\u00a094 f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007252_114-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0252.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0261.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007260_f_117-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, pp.\u00a0260 f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007262_f_118-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, pp.\u00a0262 f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0263.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeClair1999101_120-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, p.\u00a0101.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007264_121-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0264.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeClair1999104_122-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, p.\u00a0104.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeClair1999103_123-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, p.\u00a0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-124\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/archives.lesoir.be\/toulon-la-vitrine-du-fn-sur-l-hexagone_t-19970529-Z0DRXN.html\">&#8220;Archives&#8221;<\/a>. Archives.lesoir.be.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20141228104404\/http:\/\/archives.lesoir.be\/toulon-la-vitrine-du-fn-sur-l-hexagone_t-19970529-Z0DRXN.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 28 December 2014. Retrieved\u00a031 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007264_f_125-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, pp.\u00a0264 f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007275_126-0\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007275_126-1\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007275_126-2\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0275.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007276_127-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0276.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007271_f_128-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, pp.\u00a0271 f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007277%E2%80%93279_129-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, pp.\u00a0277\u2013279.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0279.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-oxfn_131-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0McLean, Iain; McMillan, Alistair (2009).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=KQXLgP6CZBkC&amp;pg=PP356\">&#8220;National Front (France)&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The concise Oxford dictionary of politics<\/em>. Oxford University. p.\u00a0356.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-19-920516-5\"><bdi>978-0-19-920516-5<\/bdi><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210927060006\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=KQXLgP6CZBkC&amp;pg=PP356\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved\u00a06 July\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007280_132-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0280.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007280_f_133-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, pp.\u00a0280 f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0Samuel, Henry (11 September 2008).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/europe\/france\/2798961\/French-far-right-leader-Jean-Marie-Le-Pen-sets-retirement-date.html\">&#8220;French far-right leader Jean-Marie Le Pen sets retirement date&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Daily_Telegraph\">The Telegraph<\/a><\/em>. Paris.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110103033928\/http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/europe\/france\/2798961\/French-far-right-leader-Jean-Marie-Le-Pen-sets-retirement-date.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 3 January 2011. Retrieved\u00a015 April\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0281.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0282.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007283_137-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0283.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0284.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007288_f_139-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, pp.\u00a0288 f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0289.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007291_141-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0291.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007291%E2%80%93293_142-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, pp.\u00a0291\u2013293.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007292_f_143-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, pp.\u00a0292 f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007297_144-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0297.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007298_145-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0298.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0300.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-147\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Rich\u00e9, Pascal (29 April 2008).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.rue89.com\/mon-oeil\/apres-le-paquebot-le-pen-vend-sa-605-blindee-sur-ebay\">&#8220;Apr\u00e8s le &#8220;Paquebot&#8221;, Le Pen vend sa 605 blind\u00e9e sur eBay&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rue_89\">Rue 89<\/a><\/em>\u00a0(in French).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110522141611\/http:\/\/www.rue89.com\/mon-oeil\/apres-le-paquebot-le-pen-vend-sa-605-blindee-sur-ebay\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved\u00a05 July\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-148\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/\">&#8220;Encyclopedia Britannica&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Britannica<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a014 June\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-149\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Sulzer, Alexandre (30 April 2008).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110927115753\/http:\/\/www.20minutes.fr\/article\/228650\/Politique-La-Peugeot-de-Le-Pen-a-nouveau-mise-en-vente-sur-ebay.php\">&#8220;La Peugeot de Le Pen \u00e0 nouveau mise en vente sur ebay&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/20_minutes_(France)\">20 Minutes<\/a><\/em>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.20minutes.fr\/article\/228650\/Politique-La-Peugeot-de-Le-Pen-a-nouveau-mise-en-vente-sur-ebay.php\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 27 September 2011. Retrieved\u00a05 July\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-150\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Samuel, Henry (15 March 2010).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/europe\/france\/7448051\/Far-Right-National-Front-performs-well-in-French-regional-elections.html\">&#8220;Far-Right National Front performs well in French regional elections&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Daily_Telegraph\">The Telegraph<\/a><\/em>. Paris.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100318042117\/http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/europe\/france\/7448051\/Far-Right-National-Front-performs-well-in-French-regional-elections.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 18 March 2010. Retrieved\u00a015 April\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-12198370\">&#8220;Marine Le Pen &#8216;chosen to lead Frances National Front'&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>BBC News<\/em>. 15 January 2011.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110316142838\/http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-12198370\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 16 March 2011. Retrieved\u00a015 April\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-12201475\">&#8220;France&#8217;s National Front picks Marine Le Pen as new head&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>BBC News<\/em>. 16 January 2011.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190424051144\/https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-12201475\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved\u00a015 April\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-153\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.interieur.gouv.fr\/sections\/a_votre_service\/resultats-elections\/CN2011\/\">&#8220;R\u00e9sultats des \u00e9lections Cantonales 2011&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minister_of_the_Interior_(France)\">French Interior Ministry<\/a><\/em>\u00a0(in French). 26 May 2011.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110714030846\/http:\/\/www.interieur.gouv.fr\/sections\/a_votre_service\/resultats-elections\/CN2011\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 14 July 2011. Retrieved\u00a05 July\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-154\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Frosch, Jon (7 March 2011).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20110307-new-poll-far-right-marine-le-pen-presidential-frontrunner\">&#8220;Far-right&#8217;s Marine Le Pen leads in shock new poll&#8221;<\/a>. France 24.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110310165822\/http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20110307-new-poll-far-right-marine-le-pen-presidential-frontrunner\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 10 March 2011. Retrieved\u00a026 May\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-155\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Bamat, Joseph (23 April 2011).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20110421-marine-le-pen-france-opinion-poll-presidential-election-sarkozy-strauss-kahn\">&#8220;New poll shows far right could squeeze out Sarkozy&#8221;<\/a>. France 24.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110427182625\/http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20110421-marine-le-pen-france-opinion-poll-presidential-election-sarkozy-strauss-kahn\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 27 April 2011. Retrieved\u00a026 May\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-DT2MMLP_156-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Samuel, Henry (17 June 2012).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/europe\/france\/9337631\/Marion-Le-Pen-becomes-youngest-French-MP-in-modern-history.html\">&#8220;Marion Le Pen becomes youngest French MP in modern history&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Daily_Telegraph\">The Daily Telegraph<\/a><\/em>. London.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180622062721\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/europe\/france\/9337631\/Marion-Le-Pen-becomes-youngest-French-MP-in-modern-history.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 22 June 2018. Retrieved\u00a030 June\u00a02012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-157\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.interieur.gouv.fr\/sections\/a_votre_service\/resultats-elections\/LG2012\/030\/03002.html\">&#8220;2012 French legislative elections: Gard&#8217;s 2nd constituency (first round and run-off)&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(in French). Minister of the Interior (France).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120712085320\/http:\/\/www.interieur.gouv.fr\/sections\/a_votre_service\/resultats-elections\/LG2012\/030\/03002.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 12 July 2012. Retrieved\u00a030 June\u00a02012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-158\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Fouquet, Helene (17 June 2012).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120621031255\/http:\/\/www.businessweek.com\/news\/2012-06-17\/anti-euro-le-pen-party-wins-first-parliament-seats-in-15-years\">&#8220;Anti-Euro Le Pen Party Wins First Parliament Seats in 15 Years&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bloomberg_Businessweek\">Bloomberg Businessweek<\/a><\/em>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.businessweek.com\/news\/2012-06-17\/anti-euro-le-pen-party-wins-first-parliament-seats-in-15-years\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 21 June 2012. Retrieved\u00a030 June\u00a02012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/tempsreel.nouvelobs.com\/politique\/20130503.OBS8113\/un-an-apres-la-presidentielle-marine-le-pen-devancerait-francois-hollande.html\">&#8220;Un an apr\u00e8s la pr\u00e9sidentielle, Marine Le Pen devancerait Fran\u00e7ois Hollande- 3 mai 2013 \u2013 L&#8217;Obs&#8221;<\/a>. Tempsreel.nouvelobs.com. 3 May 2013.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150402114745\/http:\/\/tempsreel.nouvelobs.com\/politique\/20130503.OBS8113\/un-an-apres-la-presidentielle-marine-le-pen-devancerait-francois-hollande.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved\u00a031 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-160\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140708102640\/http:\/\/www.frontnational.com\/2014\/03\/elections-municipales-2014-le-front-national-gagne-12-villes-fait-elire-1546-conseillers-municipaux-et-459-elus-dans-les-intercommunalites\/\">&#8220;2014 municipal elections: the National Front won 12 cities, elected in 1546 and 459 councilors elected in intercommunal! 31 March 2014&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.frontnational.com\/2014\/03\/elections-municipales-2014-le-front-national-gagne-12-villes-fait-elire-1546-conseillers-municipaux-et-459-elus-dans-les-intercommunalites\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 8 July 2014. Retrieved\u00a04 April\u00a02014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-161\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/online\/blogs\/newsdesk\/2014\/03\/the-french-right-scores-a-historic-victory.html\">&#8220;The French Right Scores a Historic Victory&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The New Yorker<\/em>. 31 March 2014.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140407215605\/http:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/online\/blogs\/newsdesk\/2014\/03\/the-french-right-scores-a-historic-victory.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved\u00a031 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-162\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Samuel, Henry (23 March 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/europe\/france\/10717592\/Far-Right-Front-National-makes-historic-gains-in-French-municipal-elections.html\">&#8220;Far-Right Front National makes historic gains in French municipal elections&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Telegraph<\/em>. London.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150402134733\/http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/europe\/france\/10717592\/Far-Right-Front-National-makes-historic-gains-in-French-municipal-elections.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved\u00a031 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-163\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Meichtry, Stacy (25 May 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/online.wsj.com\/news\/articles\/SB10001424052702304587704579584114139656096\">&#8220;France&#8217;s National Front Scores Historic Win in European Election&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Wall Street Journal<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140529113353\/http:\/\/online.wsj.com\/news\/articles\/SB10001424052702304587704579584114139656096\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved\u00a031 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-164\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/french-municipal-elections-far-right-national-front-scores-impressive-gains-hopes-real-political\">&#8220;French Municipal Elections: Far-Right National Front Scores Impressive Gains, But Hopes For Real Political Power Remain A Fantasy&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>International Business Times<\/em>. 31 March 2014.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150113014957\/http:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/french-municipal-elections-far-right-national-front-scores-impressive-gains-hopes-real-political\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 13 January 2015. Retrieved\u00a031 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-165\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/may\/25\/france-national-front-win-european-elections\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150814145406\/http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/may\/25\/france-national-front-win-european-elections\">Archived<\/a>\u00a014 August 2015 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-166\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0John, Mark (25 May 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-eu-election-france-idUSBREA4O0CP20140525\">&#8220;Far-right National Front stuns French elite with EU &#8216;earthquake'&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Reuters<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190611125914\/https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-eu-election-france-idUSBREA4O0CP20140525\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 11 June 2019. Retrieved\u00a031 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-167\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Charlemagne European politics (26 May 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/blogs\/charlemagne\/2014\/05\/national-fronts-victory\">&#8220;The National Front&#8217;s victory: France in shock&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Economist<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150402104850\/http:\/\/www.economist.com\/blogs\/charlemagne\/2014\/05\/national-fronts-victory\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved\u00a031 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-168\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Meichtry, Stacy (26 May 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/online.wsj.com\/news\/articles\/SB10001424052702304587704579585501067038362\">&#8220;France Shaken by National Front &#8216;Earthquake'&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Wall Street Journal<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140823180006\/http:\/\/online.wsj.com\/news\/articles\/SB10001424052702304587704579585501067038362\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 23 August 2014. Retrieved\u00a031 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-169\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Nossiter, Adam (7 May 2017).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/05\/07\/world\/europe\/why-macron-won-france.html\">&#8220;Why Macron Won: Luck, Skill and France&#8217;s Dark History&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_New_York_Times\">The New York Times<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0362-4331\">0362-4331<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170509002348\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/05\/07\/world\/europe\/why-macron-won-france.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 9 May 2017. Retrieved\u00a09 May\u00a02017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-171\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Louise Nordstorm,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20171218-france-philippot-les-patriotes-le-pen-ex-protege-win-over-french-far-right-party\">Les Patriotes: How Le Pen&#8217;s ex-prot\u00e9g\u00e9 hopes to win over French far right<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180109164057\/http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20171218-france-philippot-les-patriotes-le-pen-ex-protege-win-over-french-far-right-party\">Archived<\/a>\u00a09 January 2018 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>. France 24, 18 December 2017. Retrieved 3 January 2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-172\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ladepeche.fr\/article\/2018\/03\/11\/2757543-marine-le-pen-propose-de-rebaptiser-le-fn-rassemblement-national.html\">&#8220;Marine Le Pen propose de rebaptiser le FN &#8220;Rassemblement national&#8221;&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>La D\u00e9p\u00eache<\/em>. 11 March 2018.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190307160744\/https:\/\/www.ladepeche.fr\/article\/2018\/03\/11\/2757543-marine-le-pen-propose-de-rebaptiser-le-fn-rassemblement-national.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 7 March 2019. Retrieved\u00a011 March\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-173\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Herreros, Romain (11 March 2018).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.fr\/2018\/03\/11\/rassemblement-national-trop-proche-de-rassemblement-national-populaire-ancien-parti-collaborationniste_a_23382664\/\">&#8220;&#8221;Rassemblement national&#8221;, trop proche de &#8220;Rassemblement national populaire&#8221;, ancien parti collaborationniste?&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0[&#8220;National Rally&#8221;, too close to &#8220;National People&#8217;s Rally&#8221;, former collaborationist party?].\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HuffPost\">HuffPost<\/a><\/em>\u00a0(in French).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181015192325\/https:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.fr\/2018\/03\/11\/rassemblement-national-trop-proche-de-rassemblement-national-populaire-ancien-parti-collaborationniste_a_23382664\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 15 October 2018. Retrieved\u00a015 October\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-174\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Willsher, Kim (12 March 2018).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2018\/mar\/12\/marine-le-pen-row-new-name-front-national-rassemblement-national\">&#8220;Marine Le Pen sparks row over new name for Front National&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theguardian.com\">theguardian.com<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181015192330\/https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2018\/mar\/12\/marine-le-pen-row-new-name-front-national-rassemblement-national\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 15 October 2018. Retrieved\u00a015 October\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-Nossiter_175-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Nossiter, Adam (10 March 2018).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/03\/10\/world\/europe\/steve-bannon-france-national-front.html\">&#8220;&#8216;Let Them Call You Racists&#8217;: Bannon&#8217;s Pep Talk to National Front&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The New York Times<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0362-4331\">0362-4331<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210215020017\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/03\/10\/world\/europe\/steve-bannon-france-national-front.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 15 February 2021. Retrieved\u00a030 March\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-176\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0McNicholl, Tracy (11 March 2018),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20180311-france-usa-bannon-le-pen-national-front-racist-badge-honour-populist-pep-talk-lille-trump?ref=tw\"><em>Wear &#8216;racist&#8217; like a badge of honour, Bannon tells French far-right summit<\/em><\/a>, France 24, retrieved\u00a011 August\u00a02019<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-177\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Willsher, Kim (10 March 2018)\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2018\/mar\/10\/steve-bannon-tells-french-far-right-history-is-on-our-side\">&#8220;Steve Bannon tells French far-right &#8216;history is on our side'&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210215020200\/https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2018\/mar\/10\/steve-bannon-tells-french-far-right-history-is-on-our-side\">Archived<\/a>\u00a015 February 2021 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Guardian\">The Guardian<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-178\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Ganley, Elaine (10 March 2018)\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/bannon-racist-label-is-badge-of-honor-france-far-right-party-speech-2018-3-2\">&#8220;Steve Bannon told a French far-right party to wear the &#8216;racist&#8217; label &#8216;as a badge of honor'&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200804134443\/https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/bannon-racist-label-is-badge-of-honor-france-far-right-party-speech-2018-3-2\">Archived<\/a>\u00a04 August 2020 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Associated_Press\">Associated Press<\/a>\u00a0via\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Business_Insider\">Business Insider<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-179\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.channelnewsasia.com\/news\/world\/ex-sarkozy-minister-jumps-conservative-ship-to-join-french-far-right-11103410\">&#8220;Ex-Sarkozy minister jumps conservative ship to join French far-right &#8211; Channel NewsAsia&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190109174418\/https:\/\/www.channelnewsasia.com\/news\/world\/ex-sarkozy-minister-jumps-conservative-ship-to-join-french-far-right-11103410\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 9 January 2019. Retrieved\u00a010 January\u00a02019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-180\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bfmtv.com\/politique\/marine-le-pen-molle-les-propos-de-gerald-darmanin-sement-l-embarras-au-sein-de-la-rem_AN-202102150325.html\">&#8220;Marine le Pen &#8220;molle&#8221;: Les propos de G\u00e9rald Darmanin s\u00e8ment l&#8217;embarras au sein de LaREM&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210404122316\/https:\/\/www.bfmtv.com\/politique\/marine-le-pen-molle-les-propos-de-gerald-darmanin-sement-l-embarras-au-sein-de-la-rem_AN-202102150325.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved\u00a06 April\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-181\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.20minutes.fr\/societe\/2996931-20210312-marine-pen-promet-gouvernement-union-nationale-si-elue-2022\">&#8220;Marine le Pen promet un &#8221; gouvernement d&#8217;union nationale &#8221; si elle est \u00e9lue&#8221;<\/a>. 12 March 2021.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210316122047\/https:\/\/www.20minutes.fr\/societe\/2996931-20210312-marine-pen-promet-gouvernement-union-nationale-si-elue-2022\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 16 March 2021. Retrieved\u00a06 April\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-182\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.leparisien.fr\/elections\/regionales\/regionales-en-paca-a-marseille-les-lr-historiques-voteront-thierry-mariani-le-candidat-du-rn-16-05-2021-ESIYLIBSDBAXPAA7HKJPJ2RRGE.php\">&#8220;R\u00e9gionales en Paca\u00a0: \u00e0 Marseille, &#8220;les LR historiques voteront Thierry Mariani&#8221;, le candidat du RN&#8221;<\/a>. 16 May 2021.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210519015054\/https:\/\/www.leparisien.fr\/elections\/regionales\/regionales-en-paca-a-marseille-les-lr-historiques-voteront-thierry-mariani-le-candidat-du-rn-16-05-2021-ESIYLIBSDBAXPAA7HKJPJ2RRGE.php\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved\u00a019 May\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-183\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/politique\/le-parti-de-marine-le-pen-engrange-les-ralliements-a-droite-20210511\">&#8220;Le parti de Marine le Pen engrange les ralliements \u00e0 droite&#8221;<\/a>. 11 May 2021.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210519015054\/https:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/politique\/le-parti-de-marine-le-pen-engrange-les-ralliements-a-droite-20210511\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved\u00a019 May\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-184\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ladepeche.fr\/2021\/05\/12\/le-rn-veut-seduire-la-droite-9540606.php\">&#8220;Elections r\u00e9gionales\u00a0: En Aveyron, le RN veut s\u00e9duire la droite&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210519015056\/https:\/\/www.ladepeche.fr\/2021\/05\/12\/le-rn-veut-seduire-la-droite-9540606.php\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved\u00a019 May\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-185\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Willsher, Kim (27 June 2021).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2021\/jun\/27\/le-pens-far-right-party-suffers-blow-in-french-regional-elections\">&#8220;Le Pen&#8217;s far-right party suffers blow in French regional elections&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Guardian<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210628073435\/https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2021\/jun\/27\/le-pens-far-right-party-suffers-blow-in-french-regional-elections\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved\u00a028 June\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-186\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-61209058\">&#8220;French election result: Macron defeats Le Pen and vows to unite divided France&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>BBC News<\/em>. 24 April 2022. Retrieved\u00a014 June\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-187\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.francetvinfo.fr\/elections\/legislatives\/resultats-des-legislatives-2022-le-rassemblement-national-arrive-troisieme-avec-18-9-des-voix-au-premier-tour-selon-notre-estimation-ipsos-sopra-steria_5184748.html\">&#8220;R\u00e9sultats des l\u00e9gislatives 2022\u00a0: le Rassemblement national arrive troisi\u00e8me avec 18,68% des voix au premier tour, selon les r\u00e9sultats d\u00e9finitifs&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Franceinfo<\/em>\u00a0(in French). 12 June 2022. Retrieved\u00a014 June\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-188\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/video\/20220619-marine-le-pen-s-national-rally-estimated-to-win-89-seats\">&#8220;France: Marine Le Pen&#8217;s National Rally estimated to win 89 seats&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>France 24<\/em>. 19 June 2022. Retrieved\u00a019 June\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-189\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/marine-le-pen-for-frances-national-rally-the-past-still-looms\/\">&#8220;The makeover of France&#8217;s National Rally&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>POLITICO<\/em>. 16 October 2022. Retrieved\u00a014 June\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-190\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Malingre, Virginie (10 July 2024).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/international\/article\/2024\/07\/10\/bardella-heads-the-third-largest-group-of-the-eu-parliament-patriots-for-europe_6679639_4.html\">&#8220;Bardella heads Patriots for Europe, EU Parliament&#8217;s third-largest group&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Le Monde<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-191\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0&#8220;Bardella se r\u00e9cup\u00e8re \u00e0 Strasbourg&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Le Canard Encha\u00een\u00e9<\/em>. 10 July 2024. p.\u00a02.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-192\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/europe\/20240709-le-pen-orban-and-the-patriots-for-europe-is-the-eu-being-undermined-from-within\">&#8220;Le Pen, Orban and the &#8216;Patriots for Europe&#8217;: Is the EU being undermined from within?&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>France 24<\/em>. 9 July 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-193\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/my-europe\/2024\/06\/10\/french-president-emmanuel-macron-announces-anticipated-elections-after-stinging-eu-electio\">&#8220;Why has Macron announced snap elections after EU poll defeat?&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>euronews<\/em>. 10 June 2024. Retrieved\u00a013 October\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0Barbarit, Simon (3 July 2024).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicsenat.fr\/actualites\/politique\/legislatives-le-financement-politique-des-partis-lautre-enjeu-du-scrutin\">&#8220;L\u00e9gislatives\u00a0: le financement politique des partis, l&#8217;autre enjeu du scrutin&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Public S\u00e9nat<\/em>\u00a0(in French).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-results2024_195-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.resultats-elections.interieur.gouv.fr\/legislatives2024\/ensemble_geographique\/index.html\">&#8220;Publication des candidatures et des r\u00e9sultats aux \u00e9lections&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Minist\u00e8re de l&#8217;Int\u00e9rieur<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240630181416\/https:\/\/www.resultats-elections.interieur.gouv.fr\/legislatives2024\/ensemble_geographique\/index.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 30 June 2024. Retrieved\u00a030 June\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-196\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/my-europe\/2024\/07\/02\/french-elections-heres-who-voted-for-the-different-political-parties\">&#8220;French elections: Here&#8217;s who voted for the different political parties&#8221;<\/a>. Euronews. 2 July 2024. Retrieved\u00a03 July\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-197\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Scholarly descriptions:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mayer, Nonna (2013).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150626004928\/http:\/\/pa.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/66\/1\/160.short\">&#8220;From Jean-Marie to Marine Le Pen: Electoral Change on the Far Right&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/pa.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/66\/1\/160.short\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 26 June 2015. Retrieved\u00a031 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFCamusLebourg2017\">Camus &amp; Lebourg 2017<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michel_Winock\">Winock, Michel<\/a>\u00a0(dir.),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books\/about\/Histoire_de_l_extr%C3%AAme_droite_en_France.html?hl=fr&amp;id=gtsiAQAAIAAJ\"><em>Histoire de l&#8217;extr\u00eame droite en France<\/em><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200806235209\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books\/about\/Histoire_de_l_extr%C3%AAme_droite_en_France.html?hl=fr&amp;id=gtsiAQAAIAAJ\">Archived<\/a>\u00a06 August 2020 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>\u00a0(1993)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECamusLebourg201712%E2%80%9313_198-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFCamusLebourg2017\">Camus &amp; Lebourg 2017<\/a>, pp.\u00a012\u201313.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-199\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/vox\/politique\/2015\/04\/13\/31001-20150413ARTFIG00155-jean-yves-camus-marion-le-pen-incarne-la-ligne-nationale-conservatrice-du-fn.php\">&#8220;Jean-Yves Camus&#8221;<\/a>. Lefigaro.fr. 13 April 2015.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160807213735\/http:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/vox\/politique\/2015\/04\/13\/31001-20150413ARTFIG00155-jean-yves-camus-marion-le-pen-incarne-la-ligne-nationale-conservatrice-du-fn.php\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 7 August 2016. Retrieved\u00a05 July\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-200\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.parties-and-elections.eu\/france.html\">&#8220;Parties and Elections in Europe&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>www.parties-and-elections.eu<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a05 November\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007309_201-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0309.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, p.\u00a0115.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007312_203-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0312.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007313_204-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0313.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-DW-rwfr_205-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/victory-for-frances-conservatives-in-local-elections\/a-18348677\">&#8220;Victory for France&#8217;s conservatives in local elections&#8221;<\/a>. Deutsche Welle. AP, AFP, Reuters. 30 March 2015.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170301094302\/http:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/victory-for-frances-conservatives-in-local-elections\/a-18348677\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved\u00a028 February\u00a02017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-NYT-rwfr_206-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Erlanger, Steven; de Freytas-Tamura, Kimiko (17 December 2016).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/12\/17\/world\/europe\/european-union-france-frexit-marine-le-pen.html\">&#8220;E.U. Faces Its Next Big Test as France&#8217;s Election Looms&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The New York Times<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170302100409\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/12\/17\/world\/europe\/european-union-france-frexit-marine-le-pen.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 2 March 2017. Retrieved\u00a028 February\u00a02017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-WSJ-rwfr_207-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Meichtry, Stacy; Bisserbe, Noemie (19 August 2015).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-family-drama-splits-far-right-in-france-1440029252\">&#8220;Le Pen Family Drama Splits France&#8217;s Far Right National Front Party&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Wall Street Journal<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200804051659\/https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-family-drama-splits-far-right-in-france-1440029252\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved\u00a028 February\u00a02017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-208\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Taylor, Kyle (24 January 2017).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2017\/01\/24\/europeans-favoring-right-wing-populist-parties-are-more-positive-on-putin\/\">&#8220;Europeans favoring right-wing populist parties are more positive on Putin&#8221;<\/a>. Pew Research Center.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190104132320\/http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2017\/01\/24\/europeans-favoring-right-wing-populist-parties-are-more-positive-on-putin\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 4 January 2019. Retrieved\u00a028 February\u00a02017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-209\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Catherine E. De Vries; Sara B. Hobolt (2020).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=cDrSDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=%22Right-wing+National+Rally%22&amp;pg=PA2\"><em>Political Entrepreneurs: The Rise of Challenger Parties in Europe<\/em><\/a>. Princeton, New Jersey, US: Princeton University Press. p.\u00a02.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0691194752\"><bdi>978-0691194752<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-210\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_note-DW-rwfr-205\">[197]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_note-NYT-rwfr-206\">[198]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_note-WSJ-rwfr-207\">[199]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_note-208\">[200]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_note-209\">[201]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0Samuel, Henry (24 April 2022).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/world-news\/2022\/04\/24\/who-marine-le-pen-what-policies-french-presidential-election\/\">&#8220;Who is Marine Le Pen and what are her French election 2022 policies?&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Telegraph<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a026 June\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-212\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170828184142\/http:\/\/www.frontnational.com\/2016\/04\/projet-de-lutte-contre-la-prostitution-la-morale-feministe-depourvue-defficacite\/\">&#8220;Projet de lutte contre la prostitution\u00a0: la morale f\u00e9ministe d\u00e9pourvue d&#8217;efficacit\u00e9&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Front National<\/em>. 7 April 2016. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.frontnational.com\/2016\/04\/projet-de-lutte-contre-la-prostitution-la-morale-feministe-depourvue-defficacite\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 28 August 2017. Retrieved\u00a028 August\u00a02017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-213\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/2011370.stm\">&#8220;Le Pen and his feminine side&#8221;<\/a>. 28 May 2002.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030212060856\/http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/2011370.stm\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 12 February 2003. Retrieved\u00a024 July\u00a02019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECamusLebourg2017202_214-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFCamusLebourg2017\">Camus &amp; Lebourg 2017<\/a>, p.\u00a0202.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-215\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Vinocur, Nicholas (4 February 2017).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/marine-le-pens-plan-to-make-france-great-again\/\">&#8220;Marine Le Pen&#8217;s plan to make France great again&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Politico Europe<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170205232607\/http:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/marine-le-pens-plan-to-make-france-great-again\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved\u00a07 February\u00a02017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0Samuel, Henry (14 April 2022).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/world-news\/2022\/04\/14\/marine-le-pen-would-hold-referendum-reinstating-death-penalty\/\">&#8220;Marine Le Pen: I would hold a referendum on reinstating the death penalty.&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Daily_Telegraph\">The Telegraph<\/a><\/em>. Retrieved 17 April 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-217\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Samuel, Henry (15 April 2022).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.ie\/world-news\/europe\/le-pen-is-willing-to-hold-death-penalty-referendum-if-she-is-elected-41555474.html\">&#8220;Le Pen is willing to hold death penalty referendum if she is elected.&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irish_Independent\">Irish Independent<\/a><\/em>. Retrieved 17 April 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007177%E2%80%93185_218-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, pp.\u00a0177\u2013185.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFKitscheltMcGann1997\">Kitschelt &amp; McGann 1997<\/a>, p.\u00a095.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0315.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-221\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Squires, Nick (8 March 2011).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/europe\/france\/8369131\/Marine-Le-Pen-planning-Italy-trip-to-condemn-North-African-refugees.html\">&#8220;Marine Le Pen planning Italy trip to condemn North African refugees&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Daily_Telegraph\">The Telegraph<\/a><\/em>. Rome.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110311085428\/http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/europe\/france\/8369131\/Marine-Le-Pen-planning-Italy-trip-to-condemn-North-African-refugees.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 11 March 2011. Retrieved\u00a01 August\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-222\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SM.POP.NETM?locations=FR\">&#8220;Net migration \u2013 France | Data&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210519024346\/https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SM.POP.NETM?locations=FR\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved\u00a019 May\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-223\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0(in French)\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.20minutes.fr\/politique\/1725167-20151105-immigration-fn-precise-objectifs-chiffres-ca-change-beaucoup\">&#8216;Immigration: Le FN pr\u00e9cise ses objectifs chiffr\u00e9s (et \u00e7a change beaucoup)&#8217; (&#8216;FN defines more precisely its numerical immigration objectives (and that makes a great difference))&#8217;<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170429042305\/http:\/\/www.20minutes.fr\/politique\/1725167-20151105-immigration-fn-precise-objectifs-chiffres-ca-change-beaucoup\">Archived<\/a>\u00a029 April 2017 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>. 20minutes.fr, 5 November 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0Shorto, Russell (29 April 2011).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2011\/05\/01\/magazine\/mag-01LePen-t.html?pagewanted=all\">&#8220;Marine Le Pen, France&#8217;s (Kinder, Gentler) Extremist&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_New_York_Times\">The New York Times<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170106104811\/http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2011\/05\/01\/magazine\/mag-01LePen-t.html?pagewanted=all\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 6 January 2017. Retrieved\u00a019 February\u00a02017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-225\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Johann\u00e8s, Franck (30 January 2021).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/politique\/article\/2021\/01\/30\/marine-le-pen-revendique-la-brutalite-contre-l-islamisme_6068202_823448.html\">&#8220;Marine Le Pen revendique la \u00ab\u00a0brutalit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb contre l&#8217;islamisme&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Le Monde<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a026 June\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/world\/what-is-the-headscarf-doing-in-politics-muslim-headscarves-become-issue-in-french-presidential-campaign\">&#8220;&#8216;What is the headscarf doing in politics?&#8217; Muslim headscarves become issue in French presidential campaign&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>PBS News<\/em>. 15 April 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-227\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/frances-marine-le-pen-says-shes-not-waging-a-religious-war\/\">&#8220;France&#8217;s Marine Le Pen says she&#8217;s not waging a religious war&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CBS_News\">CBS News<\/a><\/em>. 5 March 2017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-228\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dutchnews.nl\/2013\/09\/marine_le_pen_backs_european_e\/\">&#8220;Marine Le Pen backs European election alliance with Wilders&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Dutch News<\/em>. 14 September 2013.\u00a0<q>Le Pen said she and Wilders differ in their approach to Islam. &#8216;I am against the visibility of Islam in society. We have a tradition of a strict division between church and state so I think religious symbolism has no place in the street. But I have nothing against Islam per se.&#8217;<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-229\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilr.cornell.edu\/post\/marine-le-pen-islamophobia-and-polarization-french-society\">&#8220;Marine Le Pen, Islamophobia, and the polarization of French society&#8221;<\/a>. The ILR School, Cornell University.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-230\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Belgacem, Assia (22 April 2022).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/voices\/french-elections-le-pen-macron-islam-hijab-b2063222.html\">&#8220;Islamophobia is the driving force of the French election \u2013 as a Muslim hijabi, neither Macron or Le Pen appeal to me&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Independent<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-231\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Esposti, Emanuelle Degli; Chaplin, Chris.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/opinions\/2022\/4\/15\/the-french-culture-war-over-islam-shows-no-sign-of-abating\">&#8220;The French culture war over Islam shows no sign of abating&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Al Jazeera<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-232\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Khan-Ruf, Safya (22 April 2022).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2022\/apr\/22\/macron-or-le-pen-many-french-muslims-may-say-neither\">&#8220;Le Pen is bad, but many French Muslims like me don&#8217;t want to vote for Macron either&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Guardian<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-233\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_note-229\">[221]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_note-230\">[222]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_note-halal-226\">[218]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_note-231\">[223]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_note-232\">[224]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-234\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Nossiter, Adam (17 November 2015).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/18\/world\/europe\/marine-le-pens-anti-islam-message-gains-influence-in-france.html\">&#8220;Marine Le Pen&#8217;s Anti-Islam Message Gains Influence in France&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_New_York_Times\">The New York Times<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161004065253\/http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/18\/world\/europe\/marine-le-pens-anti-islam-message-gains-influence-in-france.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 4 October 2016. Retrieved\u00a017 July\u00a02016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-235\">^<\/a><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>John Lichfield (26 May 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/european-elections-2014-marine-le-pens-national-front-victoryin-france-is-based-onanguish-rage-and-denial-9436394.html\">&#8220;European elections 2014: Marine Le Pen&#8217;s Front National victory in France is based on anguish, rage and denial&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Independent\">The Independent<\/a><\/em>. London.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150925190202\/http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/european-elections-2014-marine-le-pens-national-front-victoryin-france-is-based-onanguish-rage-and-denial-9436394.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved\u00a025 August\u00a02014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20140528-france-national-front-policy-eu\">&#8220;What does France&#8217;s National Front stand for?&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>France 24<\/em>. 28 May 2014.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0272.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007274_237-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0274.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-theconversation.com_238-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/the-european-far-right-actually-right-or-left-or-something-altogether-different-6796\">&#8220;The European far right: actually right? Or left? Or something altogether different?&#8221;<\/a>. Theconversation.com. 3 May 2012.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190328211807\/http:\/\/theconversation.com\/the-european-far-right-actually-right-or-left-or-something-altogether-different-6796\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved\u00a031 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-239\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Henry Astier (16 May 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-27404016\">&#8220;French National Front: Far right or hard left?&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>BBC News<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150405221211\/http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-27404016\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 5 April 2015. Retrieved\u00a09 December\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-240\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2017\/04\/23\/news\/economy\/french-election-macron-le-pen-eu-nationalist\/index.html\">&#8220;Macron-Le Pen face-off: EU supporter vs. economic nationalist&#8221;<\/a>. 23 April 2017.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210710081832\/https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2017\/04\/23\/news\/economy\/french-election-macron-le-pen-eu-nationalist\/index.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 10 July 2021. Retrieved\u00a05 July\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-241\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Conesa, Elsa (18 April 2022).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/election-presidentielle-2022\/article\/2022\/04\/18\/comment-marine-le-pen-a-abandonne-le-liberalisme-pour-un-programme-social-populiste_6122621_6059010.html\">&#8220;Comment Marine Le Pen a abandonn\u00e9 le lib\u00e9ralisme pour un programme \u00ab\u00a0social-populiste\u00a0\u00bb&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Le Monde<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a027 June\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-242\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Brunet, Romain (29 March 2023).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/france\/20230329-le-pen-s-opposition-to-pension-reform-focus-on-public-order-pays-off-in-polls\">&#8220;Le Pen&#8217;s opposition to pension reform, focus on public order &#8216;pays off&#8217; in polls&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>France 24<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a027 June\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-243\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/politics\/article\/2024\/06\/27\/as-bardella-becomes-more-like-macron-his-party-becomes-more-like-meloni-s_6675984_5.html\">&#8220;As Bardella becomes more like Macron, his party becomes more like Meloni&#8217;s&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Le Monde<\/em>. 27 June 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-244\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/12bfebd8-a069-4169-8900-1955b5d93053\">&#8220;France&#8217;s far-right chief pledges to clean up public finances&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Financial Times<\/em>. 24 June 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-245\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/e28f9753-1770-4c8c-91d8-e7bb7ed44feb\">&#8220;French businesses court Marine Le Pen after taking fright at left&#8217;s policies&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Financial Times<\/em>. 18 June 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-246\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/politics\/article\/2024\/06\/12\/bardella-goes-back-on-promise-to-repeal-macron-s-pension-reform_6674563_5.html\">&#8220;Bardella goes back on promise to repeal Macron&#8217;s pension reform&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Le Monde<\/em>. 12 June 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.euractiv.fr\/section\/elections\/news\/presidentielle-les-principaux-points-du-programme-diplomatique-de-marine-le-pen\/\">&#8220;Pr\u00e9sidentielle\u00a0: les principaux points du programme diplomatique de Marine Le Pen&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Euractiv<\/em>. 14 April 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-248\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/environment\/article\/2024\/06\/20\/french-elections-why-is-the-rejection-of-environmentalism-a-driving-force-behind-france-s-far-right-vote_6675235_114.html\">&#8220;French elections: Why is the rejection of environmentalism a driving force behind France&#8217;s far-right vote?&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Le Monde.fr<\/em>. 20 June 2024. Retrieved\u00a030 June\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-249\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/energy-environment\/news\/french-elections-far-rights-proposals-go-against-the-green-deal\/\">&#8220;French elections: Far-right&#8217;s proposals go against the Green Deal&#8221;<\/a>. 26 June 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007282_f_250-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, pp.\u00a0282 f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0299.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0James, Barry (23 April 2002).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2002\/04\/23\/news\/23iht-1r_35.html\">&#8220;A consistent opponent of immigration: Le Pen based appeal on fears about crime&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_New_York_Times\">The New York Times<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130518041254\/http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2002\/04\/23\/news\/23iht-1r_35.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 18 May 2013. Retrieved\u00a02 August\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-253\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/politique\/2019\/01\/16\/01002-20190116ARTFIG00326-le-rn-abandonne-la-sortie-de-l-euro.php\">&#8220;Le Rassemblement national abandonne d\u00e9finitivement la sortie de l&#8217;euro&#8221;<\/a>. 16 January 2019.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200120200141\/https:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/politique\/2019\/01\/16\/01002-20190116ARTFIG00326-le-rn-abandonne-la-sortie-de-l-euro.php\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 20 January 2020. Retrieved\u00a02 May\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-254\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Georgiopoulos, George (20 March 2011).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110324093424\/http:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/worldNews\/idAFTRE72J1IZ20110320\">&#8220;France&#8217;s Le Pen wants France, Greece, Spain to ditch euro&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Reuters<\/em>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/worldNews\/idAFTRE72J1IZ20110320\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 24 March 2011. Retrieved\u00a01 August\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-spiegel_255-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Rohr, Mathieu von (7 July 2011).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.spiegel.de\/international\/europe\/0,1518,772875,00.html\">&#8220;Madame Rage&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Der_Spiegel\">Der Spiegel<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110730065634\/http:\/\/www.spiegel.de\/international\/europe\/0,1518,772875,00.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 30 July 2011. Retrieved\u00a01 August\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-256\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.voanews.com\/a\/french-military-operations-in-africa-unpopular-at-home\/1829628.html\">&#8220;French Military Operations in Africa Unpopular at Home&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Voice of America<\/em>.\u00a0<q>Le Pen says she supported the intervention in Mali, because the Malians asked France to step in<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-257\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newarab.com\/news\/french-far-right-leader-praises-egypt-fighting-radical-islam\">&#8220;French far-right leader praises &#8216;model&#8217; state Egypt for &#8216;fighting radical Islam'&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The New Arab<\/em>. 15 December 2020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-258\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/politique\/le-scan\/coulisses\/2016\/10\/24\/25006-20161024ARTFIG00134-en-quete-de-finances-pour-2017-le-fn-fait-les-yeux-doux-aux-emirats-arabes-unis.php\">&#8220;En qu\u00eate de finances pour 2017, le FN fait les yeux doux aux \u00c9mirats arabes unis&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Le Figaro<\/em>. 25 October 2016.\u00a0<q>Les responsables du Front national \u00e9rigent volontiers les \u00c9mirats en contre-exemple du Qatar, accus\u00e9 de financer le fondamentalisme islamiste.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-259\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/observalgerie.com\/2023\/10\/17\/politique\/marine-le-pen-algerie-maroc\/\">&#8220;Le parti de Marine le Pen s&#8217;attaque \u00e0 l&#8217;Alg\u00e9rie et fait l&#8217;\u00e9loge du Maroc&#8221;<\/a>. 17 October 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-260\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/howtheyvote.eu\/votes\/152265\">&#8220;Vote results: Resolution on the situation of journalists in Morocco, notably the case of Omar Radi&#8221;<\/a>. 19 January 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-261\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.moroccoworldnews.com\/2024\/07\/364254\/a-historic-moment-how-french-politicians-reacted-to-frances-new-stance-on-western-sahara\">&#8220;&#8216;A Historic Moment&#8217;: How French Politicians Reacted to France&#8217;s New Stance on Western Sahara&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Morocco World News<\/em>. 31 July 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-262\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nysun.com\/article\/leader-of-frances-rightist-party-marine-le-pen-in-a-sharp-turn-after-attack-by-hamas-voices-strong-support-for-israel\">&#8220;Leader of France&#8217;s Rightist Party, Marine Le Pen, in a Sharp Turn After Attack by Hamas, Voices Strong Support for Israel&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>New York Sun<\/em>. 8 October 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-263\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/france-marine-le-pen-courts-french-jews-in-wake-of-hamas-attacks-israel\/\">&#8220;Marine Le Pen courts French Jews as far left refuses to condemn Hamas&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Politico<\/em>. 22 October 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-264\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bfmtv.com\/politique\/front-national\/israel-je-souhaite-que-nous-puissions-nous-y-rendre-dans-les-prochains-temps-affirme-jordan-bardella_VN-202311050397.html\">&#8220;Isra\u00ebl: &#8220;Je souhaite que nous puissions nous y rendre dans les prochains temps&#8221;, affirme Jordan Bardella&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>BFM TV<\/em>. 5 November 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-265\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/live-blog\/live-blog-update\/frances-far-right-leader-unfavourable-recognition-palestinian-state\">&#8220;France&#8217;s far-right leader &#8216;unfavourable to recognition of Palestinian state'&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Middle East Eye<\/em>. 24 June 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-266\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.timesofisrael.com\/pour-marine-le-pen-un-cessez-le-feu-passe-par-un-demantelement-du-hezbollah\/\">&#8220;Pour Marine le Pen, un cessez-le-feu passe par un \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement\u00a0\u00bb du Hezbollah&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Times of Israel<\/em>. 29 September 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0Lichfield, John (27 November 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150211084552\/https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/40m-of-russian-cash-will-allow-marine-le-pens-front-national-to-take-advantage-of-rivals-woes-in-upcoming-regional-and-presidential-elections-9888509.html\">&#8220;\u20ac40m of Russian cash will allow Marine Le Pen&#8217;s Front National to take advantage of rivals&#8217; woes in upcoming regional and presidential elections&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Independent\">The Independent<\/a><\/em>. London. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/40m-of-russian-cash-will-allow-marine-le-pens-front-national-to-take-advantage-of-rivals-woes-in-upcoming-regional-and-presidential-elections-9888509.html\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 11 February 2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-268\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.frontnational.com\/2014\/12\/lukraine-de-louest-desormais-ouvertement-vassalisee-par-washington\/\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150706153814\/http:\/\/www.frontnational.com\/2014\/12\/lukraine-de-louest-desormais-ouvertement-vassalisee-par-washington\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a06 July 2015 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-269\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/tempsreel.nouvelobs.com\/ukraine-la-revolte\/20140304.OBS8508\/ukraine-de-melenchon-a-le-pen-qu-en-disent-les-politiques-francais.html\">&#8220;UKRAINE. De M\u00e9lenchon \u00e0 Le Pen, qu&#8217;en disent les politiques fran\u00e7ais\u00a0?- 5 mars 2014 \u2013 L&#8217;Obs&#8221;<\/a>. Tempsreel.nouvelobs.com. 5 March 2014.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20141217165617\/http:\/\/tempsreel.nouvelobs.com\/ukraine-la-revolte\/20140304.OBS8508\/ukraine-de-melenchon-a-le-pen-qu-en-disent-les-politiques-francais.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 17 December 2014. Retrieved\u00a031 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-270\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140308061856\/http:\/\/www.ukrinform.ua\/eng\/news\/marine_le_pen_ukraines_association_with_eu___best_option_305625\">&#8220;Marine Le Pen: Ukraine s association with EU \u2013 best option| Ukrinform&#8221;<\/a>. Ukrinform.ua. 26 June 2013. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ukrinform.ua\/eng\/news\/marine_le_pen_ukraines_association_with_eu___best_option_305625\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 8 March 2014. Retrieved\u00a031 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-GN141208_271-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Harding, Luke (8 December 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2014\/dec\/08\/russia-europe-right-putin-front-national-eu\">&#8220;We should beware Russia&#8217;s links with Europe&#8217;s right&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Guardian<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161201172522\/https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2014\/dec\/08\/russia-europe-right-putin-front-national-eu\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 1 December 2016. Retrieved\u00a012 December\u00a02016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-NO141127_272-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Jauvert, Vincent (27 November 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/tempsreel.nouvelobs.com\/politique\/20141024.OBS3131\/poutine-et-le-fn-revelations-sur-les-reseaux-russes-des-le-pen.html\">&#8220;Poutine et le FN\u00a0: r\u00e9v\u00e9lations sur les r\u00e9seaux russes des Le Pen&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Le_Nouvel_Observateur\">Le Nouvel Observateur<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20141129225605\/http:\/\/tempsreel.nouvelobs.com\/politique\/20141024.OBS3131\/poutine-et-le-fn-revelations-sur-les-reseaux-russes-des-le-pen.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved\u00a031 January\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-BD141123_273-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Dodman, Benjamin (23 November 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20141123-france-far-right-turns-russian-lender-national-front-marine-le-pen\/\">&#8220;France&#8217;s cash-strapped far right turns to Russian lender&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>France24<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150129205458\/http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20141123-france-far-right-turns-russian-lender-national-front-marine-le-pen\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 29 January 2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-DB150514_274-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Vaux, Pierre (14 May 2015).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/articles\/2015\/05\/14\/marine-le-pen-s-closest-advisor-comes-out-of-the-shadows-in-donetsk.html\">&#8220;Marine Le Pen&#8217;s Closest Advisor Comes Out of the Shadows in Donetsk&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Daily_Beast\">The Daily Beast<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150516222633\/http:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/articles\/2015\/05\/14\/marine-le-pen-s-closest-advisor-comes-out-of-the-shadows-in-donetsk.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 16 May 2015. Retrieved\u00a015 May\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-275\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/politics\/news\/french-far-right-party-divided-over-putins-non-invitation-to-d-day-anniversary\/\">&#8220;French far-right party divided over Putin&#8217;s non-invitation to D-Day anniversary&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Euractiv<\/em>. 6 June 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-276\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/france-jordan-bardella-backs-sending-ammo-to-ukraine-not-troops-long-range-missiles-defense-spending\/\">&#8220;Bardella: No troops or long-range missiles to Ukraine&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Politico<\/em>. 19 June 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-277\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukrinform.net\/rubric-polytics\/3886165-leader-of-french-farright-in-ep-stands-against-condemning-orbans-peace-initiatives.html\">&#8220;Leader of French far-right in EP stands against condemning Orb\u00e1n&#8217;s &#8220;peace initiatives&#8221;&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Ukrinform<\/em>. 17 July 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-278\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Lorimer, Marta (2020). &#8220;Europe as ideological resource: the case of the Rassemblement National&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Journal of European Public Policy<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>27<\/strong>\u00a0(9): 1388\u20131405.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F13501763.2020.1754885\">10.1080\/13501763.2020.1754885<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hdl_(identifier)\">hdl<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10871%2F120863\">10871\/120863<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/1350-1763\">1350-1763<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\">S2CID<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:219020617\">219020617<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-279\">^<\/a><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/jun\/24\/european-far-right-hails-britains-brexit-vote-marine-le-pen\">&#8220;European far right hails Brexit vote&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>the Guardian<\/em>. 24 June 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/ea2d07f2-1ae2-3ea2-921b-2f706342bf35\">&#8220;European elections 2019 \u2013 as it happened&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Financial Times<\/em>. 27 May 2019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-eu-election-economy-idUSKCN1SU1DV\">&#8220;EU vote may shift power in main euro zone states, stall integration&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Reuters<\/em>. 24 May 2019.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-280\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/politique\/2019\/01\/16\/01002-20190116ARTFIG00326-le-rn-abandonne-la-sortie-de-l-euro.php\">&#8220;Le Rassemblement national abandonne d\u00e9finitivement la sortie de l&#8217;euro&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>lefigaro.fr<\/em>. 16 January 2019.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200120200141\/https:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/politique\/2019\/01\/16\/01002-20190116ARTFIG00326-le-rn-abandonne-la-sortie-de-l-euro.php\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 20 January 2020. Retrieved\u00a02 May\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-281\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/politics\/news\/retreating-eurosceptics-now-settle-for-reforms-from-within\/\">&#8220;Retreating Eurosceptics now settle for &#8216;reforms from within'&#8221;<\/a>. 6 November 2019.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210423063719\/https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/politics\/news\/retreating-eurosceptics-now-settle-for-reforms-from-within\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved\u00a023 April\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-282\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210519012527\/https:\/\/www.estrepublicain.fr\/elysee-2012\/2012\/01\/08\/l-otan-vue-par-marine-le-pen\">&#8220;L&#8217;OTAN vue par Marine le Pen&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.estrepublicain.fr\/elysee-2012\/2012\/01\/08\/l-otan-vue-par-marine-le-pen\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 19 May 2021. Retrieved\u00a06 July\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-283\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/election-presidentielle-2017\/article\/2017\/03\/14\/asselineau-le-pen-dupont-aignan-melenchon-quatre-nuances-de-souverainisme_5094146_4854003.html\">&#8220;Asselineau, le Pen, Dupont-Aignan, M\u00e9lenchon\u2026 quatre nuances de souverainisme&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Le Monde.fr<\/em>. 14 March 2017.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210519012523\/https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/election-presidentielle-2017\/article\/2017\/03\/14\/asselineau-le-pen-dupont-aignan-melenchon-quatre-nuances-de-souverainisme_5094146_4854003.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved\u00a019 May\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-284\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.marianne.net\/blogsecretdefense\/Ce-que-Marine-Le-Pen-propose-pour-la-defense_a445.html\">&#8220;Ce que Marine le Pen propose pour la d\u00e9fense&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131113201726\/https:\/\/www.marianne.net\/blogsecretdefense\/Ce-que-Marine-Le-Pen-propose-pour-la-defense_a445.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved\u00a07 November\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-285\">^<\/a><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.politics.as.nyu.edu\/docs\/IO\/5628\/Aldrich_2013.pdf\">&#8220;Economic Voting and the national Front: Towards a Subregional Understanding of the Extreme-Right&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). Politics.as.nyu.edu.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150924075311\/http:\/\/www.politics.as.nyu.edu\/docs\/IO\/5628\/Aldrich_2013.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved\u00a031 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160307114258\/http:\/\/www.enquete-debat.fr\/archives\/marine-le-pen-entre-souverainisme-et-identitarisme-68403\">&#8220;Marine Le Pen, entre souverainisme et identitarisme&#8221;<\/a>. Enquete&amp;Debat. 23 September 2014. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.enquete-debat.fr\/archives\/marine-le-pen-entre-souverainisme-et-identitarisme-68403\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 7 March 2016.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-286\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/france-election-jordan-bardella-nato-37ddf1a661df6d10441d33dcad6c3bf4\">&#8220;Far-right leader Bardella backpedals on taking France out of NATO strategic military command&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>AP<\/em>. 19 June 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-287\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/politique\/proportionnelle-bayrou-poursuit-l-offensive-et-ecrit-a-macron-04-02-2021-2412665_20.php\">&#8220;Proportionnelle: Bayrou, Bayou, le Pen et Lagarde \u00e9crivent \u00e0 Macron&#8221;<\/a>. 4 February 2021.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210501022644\/https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/politique\/proportionnelle-bayrou-poursuit-l-offensive-et-ecrit-a-macron-04-02-2021-2412665_20.php\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved\u00a06 April\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-288\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130903042534\/http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20090325-jean-marie-le-pen-repeats-gas-chambers-detail-slur-european-parliament\">&#8220;Le Pen repeats slur that Nazi gas chambers were a &#8216;detail'&#8221;<\/a>. France 24. 27 March 2009. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20090325-jean-marie-le-pen-repeats-gas-chambers-detail-slur-european-parliament\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 3 September 2013. Retrieved\u00a03 November\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007308_289-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0308.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-290\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/web\/article\/0,1-0@2-3224,36-794895@51-776560,0.html\">&#8220;Jean-Marie Le Pen renvoy\u00e9 devant la justice pour ses propos sur l&#8217;Occupation&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Le_Monde\">Le Monde<\/a><\/em>\u00a0(in French). 13 July 2006.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20060720121511\/http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/web\/article\/0,1-0@2-3224,36-794895@51-776560,0.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 20 July 2006. Retrieved\u00a05 July\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-holocauste_291-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070930223053\/http:\/\/www.lexpress.fr\/info\/quotidien\/actu.asp?id=8443\">&#8220;Bruno Gollnisch condamn\u00e9 pour ses propos sur l&#8217;Holocauste&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%27Express_(France)\">L&#8217;Express<\/a><\/em>\u00a0(in French). Reuters. 18 January 2007. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lexpress.fr\/info\/quotidien\/actu.asp?id=8443\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 30 September 2007. Retrieved\u00a018 January\u00a02007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-292\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/tempsreel.nouvelobs.com\/actualite\/societe\/20090624.OBS1737\/bruno-gollnisch-blanchi-par-la-cour-de-cassation.html\">&#8220;Bruno Gollnisch blanchi par la Cour de cassation&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Le_Nouvel_Observateur\">Le Nouvel Observateur<\/a><\/em>\u00a0(in French). 24 June 2009.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211107123118\/https:\/\/www.nouvelobs.com\/societe\/20090624.OBS1737\/bruno-gollnisch-blanchi-par-la-cour-de-cassation.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved\u00a05 July\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007317_293-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0317.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-294\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/politique\/article\/2015\/04\/03\/detail-de-l-histoire-marine-le-pen-en-desaccord-profond-avec-son-pere_4609050_823448.html\">&#8220;&#8221; D\u00e9tail de l&#8217;histoire &#8221;\u00a0: Marine le Pen en &#8221; d\u00e9saccord profond &#8221; avec son p\u00e8re&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Le Monde<\/em>. 3 April 2015.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210519030227\/https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/politique\/article\/2015\/04\/03\/detail-de-l-histoire-marine-le-pen-en-desaccord-profond-avec-son-pere_4609050_823448.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved\u00a019 May\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-295\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Boitiaux, Charlotte (14 December 2011).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20111214-national-front-goes-all-out-jewish-vote\">&#8220;The National Front and the quest for the Jewish vote&#8221;<\/a>. France 24.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20111230191348\/http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20111214-national-front-goes-all-out-jewish-vote\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 30 December 2011. Retrieved\u00a031 December\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-296\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Primor, Adar (7 January 2011).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.haaretz.com\/weekend\/week-s-end\/the-daughter-as-de-demonizer-1.335743\">&#8220;The daughter as de-demonizer&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Haaretz<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110111064837\/http:\/\/www.haaretz.com\/weekend\/week-s-end\/the-daughter-as-de-demonizer-1.335743\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 11 January 2011. Retrieved\u00a07 January\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-297\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/europe\/21720665-france-and-germany-fear-propaganda-and-espionage-favouring-pro-kremlin-candidates-europe-trying\">&#8220;Europe is trying to keep Russia from influencing its elections&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Economist\">The Economist<\/a><\/em>. 12 April 2017.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170413184953\/http:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/europe\/21720665-france-and-germany-fear-propaganda-and-espionage-favouring-pro-kremlin-candidates-europe-trying\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 13 April 2017. Retrieved\u00a014 April\u00a02017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^ <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Marine_Turchi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Turchi<\/a>, Marine (27 November 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mediapart.fr\/en\/journal\/international\/271114\/far-right-front-nationals-russian-loan-31-mln-euros-more-follow\">&#8220;Far-right Front National&#8217;s Russian loan: &#8217;31 mln euros more to follow'&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mediapart\">Mediapart<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160114091645\/https:\/\/www.mediapart.fr\/en\/journal\/international\/271114\/far-right-front-nationals-russian-loan-31-mln-euros-more-follow\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 14 January 2016. Retrieved\u00a031 January\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-DW141129_299-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Pabst, Sabrina (29 November 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dw.de\/is-the-kremlin-financing-europes-right-wing-populists\/a-18101352\">&#8220;Is the Kremlin financing Europe&#8217;s right-wing populists?&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deutsche_Welle\">Deutsche Welle<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150216001401\/http:\/\/www.dw.de\/is-the-kremlin-financing-europes-right-wing-populists\/a-18101352\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved\u00a031 January\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.leparisien.fr\/politique\/pret-russe-au-fn-marine-le-pen-publie-les-refus-des-banques-francaises-08-12-2014-4357529.php\">&#8220;Pr\u00eat russe au FN\u00a0: Marine Le Pen publie les refus des banques fran\u00e7aises&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Le_Parisien\">Le Parisien<\/a><\/em>. 8 December 2014.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150317171026\/http:\/\/www.leparisien.fr\/politique\/pret-russe-au-fn-marine-le-pen-publie-les-refus-des-banques-francaises-08-12-2014-4357529.php\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 17 March 2015. Retrieved\u00a031 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-301\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Mestre, Abel (23 November 2014).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/politique\/article\/2014\/11\/23\/marine-le-pen-justifie-le-pret-russe-du-fn_4528041_823448.html\">&#8220;Marine Le Pen justifie le pr\u00eat russe du FN&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Le Monde<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150326234351\/http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/politique\/article\/2014\/11\/23\/marine-le-pen-justifie-le-pret-russe-du-fn_4528041_823448.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved\u00a031 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-Monde150403_302-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/les-decodeurs\/article\/2015\/04\/02\/fn-des-hackers-russes-devoilent-des-echanges-au-kremlin_4608660_4355770.html\">&#8220;Financement du FN\u00a0: des hackers russes d\u00e9voilent des \u00e9changes au Kremlin&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0[Financing of the National Front: Russian hackers unveil contacts with the Kremlin].\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Le_Monde\">Le Monde<\/a><\/em>\u00a0(in French). 3 April 2015.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150404133319\/http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/les-decodeurs\/article\/2015\/04\/02\/fn-des-hackers-russes-devoilent-des-echanges-au-kremlin_4608660_4355770.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved\u00a04 April\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-303\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Harrison, David.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/12\/france-national-rally-links-violent-group-revealed-181216092409471.html\">&#8220;France&#8217;s National Rally links to violent far-right group revealed&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Al Jazeera<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190902152210\/https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/12\/france-national-rally-links-violent-group-revealed-181216092409471.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 2 September 2019. Retrieved\u00a06 September\u00a02019.\u00a0<q>Lechevalier said that most National Front politicians, and most of its leaders, held similar views as the GI. But they had to hide them from voters, she said. &#8220;We need the greatest number of people to come to our side to obtain the highest vote, in order to win,&#8217; she said. &#8216;Then we can do what we want when we are in power.&#8217;<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-304\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Kostov, Nick (8 December 2023).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/world\/europe\/frances-marine-le-pen-to-face-trial-over-spending-e41ced4e\">&#8220;France&#8217;s Marine Le Pen to Face Trial Over Spending&#8221;<\/a>. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved\u00a010 December\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-305\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/french-far-right-leader-marine-le-pen-stand-trial-over-alleged-misuse-eu-funds-2023-12-08\/\">&#8220;French far-right leader Marine Le Pen to stand trial over alleged misuse of EU funds&#8221;<\/a>. Reuters. 8 December 2023. Retrieved\u00a010 December\u00a02023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-306\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/rassemblementnational.fr\/instances\/bureau-executif\/\">&#8220;Bureau Ex\u00e9cutif&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Rassemblement National<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190616205912\/https:\/\/rassemblementnational.fr\/instances\/bureau-executif\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 16 June 2019. Retrieved\u00a031 August\u00a02019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0De Boissieu, Laurent.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.france-politique.fr\/organigramme-fn.htm\">&#8220;Organigramme du Front National FN&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>France Politique<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/1765-2898\">1765-2898<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190831115616\/https:\/\/www.france-politique.fr\/organigramme-fn.htm\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 31 August 2019. Retrieved\u00a031 August\u00a02019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-308\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.francebleu.fr\/infos\/politique\/presidentielle-2022-marine-le-pen-cede-la-tete-du-rn-a-jordan-bardella-et-lance-sa-campagne-1631446223\">&#8220;Pr\u00e9sidentielle 2022\u00a0: Marine Le Pen c\u00e8de la t\u00eate du RN \u00e0 Jordan Bardella et lance sa campagne&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>ici, par France Bleu et France 3<\/em>\u00a0(in French). 12 September 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-309\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0AFP (12 July 2012).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/flash-actu\/2012\/07\/12\/97001-20120712FILWWW00558-f-philippot-devient-vice-president-du-fn.php\">&#8220;F. Philippot becomes a vice president of the FN&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Le Figaro<\/em>\u00a0(in French).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130926063330\/http:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/flash-actu\/2012\/07\/12\/97001-20120712FILWWW00558-f-philippot-devient-vice-president-du-fn.php\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 26 September 2013. Retrieved\u00a011 November\u00a02013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-310\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131111113934\/http:\/\/www.frontnational.com\/membres\/alain-jamet\/\">&#8220;Alain Jamet: Functions in the party&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Rassemblement National<\/em>\u00a0(in French). Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.frontnational.com\/membres\/alain-jamet\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 11 November 2013. Retrieved\u00a011 November\u00a02013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-311\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131110152933\/http:\/\/www.frontnational.com\/membres\/louis-aliot\/\">&#8220;Louis Aliot: Functions in the party&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Rassemblement National<\/em>\u00a0(in French). Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.frontnational.com\/membres\/louis-aliot\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 10 November 2013. Retrieved\u00a011 November\u00a02013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-312\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20141014231944\/http:\/\/www.frontnational.com\/membres\/marie-christine-arnautu\/\">&#8220;Marie-Christine Arnautu: Functions in the party&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Rassemblement National<\/em>\u00a0(in French). Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.frontnational.com\/membres\/marie-christine-arnautu\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 14 October 2014. Retrieved\u00a011 November\u00a02013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-313\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131111113851\/http:\/\/www.frontnational.com\/membres\/jean-francois-jalkh\/\">&#8220;Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Jalkh: Functions in the party&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Rassemblement National<\/em>\u00a0(in French). Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.frontnational.com\/membres\/jean-francois-jalkh\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 11 November 2013. Retrieved\u00a011 November\u00a02013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-314\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131111113931\/http:\/\/www.frontnational.com\/membres\/florian-philippot\/\">&#8220;Florian Philippot: Functions in the party&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Rassemblement National<\/em>\u00a0(in French). Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.frontnational.com\/membres\/florian-philippot\/\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 11 November 2013. Retrieved\u00a011 November\u00a02013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-315\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0AFP (30 November 2014)\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/politiques\/2014\/11\/30\/marine-le-pen-rempile-a-la-tete-du-fn_1153689\">Marine Le Pen rempile \u00e0 la t\u00eate du FN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509135812\/http:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/politiques\/2014\/11\/30\/marine-le-pen-rempile-a-la-tete-du-fn_1153689\">Archived<\/a>\u00a09 May 2015 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>\u00a0(in French)\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lib%C3%A9ration\">Lib\u00e9ration<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-316\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0AFP (16 June 2019).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/flash-actu\/jordan-bardella-promu-2e-vice-president-du-rn-20190616\">&#8220;Jordan Bardella promu 2e vice-pr\u00e9sident du Rassemblement national&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Le Figaro<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190831171353\/http:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/flash-actu\/jordan-bardella-promu-2e-vice-president-du-rn-20190616\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 31 August 2019. Retrieved\u00a031 August\u00a02019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007198_317-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0198.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeClair1999193_318-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, p.\u00a0193.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeClair1999194_319-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFDeClair1999\">DeClair 1999<\/a>, p.\u00a0194.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-320\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/patriots-for-europe-jordan-bardella-viktor-orban-marine-le-pen\/\">&#8220;Patriots for Europe becomes EU parliament&#8217;s 3rd-largest group, picks Jordan Bardella as president&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Politico Europe<\/em>. 8 July 2024. Retrieved\u00a08 July\u00a02024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-321\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Mare\u0161, Miroslav (July 2006).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110818171825\/http:\/\/ispo.fss.muni.cz\/uploads\/2download\/fukuoka\/Mares.pdf\"><em>Transnational Networks of Extreme Right Parties in East Central Europe: Stimuli and Limits of Cross-Border Cooperation<\/em><\/a>\u00a0(PDF). Brno, Czech Republic:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Masaryk_University\">Masaryk University<\/a>. pp.\u00a011\u201313, 24. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/ispo.fss.muni.cz\/uploads\/2download\/fukuoka\/Mares.pdf\">the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on 18 August 2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-322\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Tourret, Nathalie (14 August 2010).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20100813-japan-europe-far-right-gathering-tokyo-yasukuni-shrine-le-pen-ww2\">&#8220;Japanese and European far right gathers in Tokyo&#8221;<\/a>. France 24.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110215031332\/http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20100813-japan-europe-far-right-gathering-tokyo-yasukuni-shrine-le-pen-ww2\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 15 February 2011. Retrieved\u00a06 May\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-323\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Phillips, Leigh (9 June 2011).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/euobserver.com\/843\/32466?print=1\">&#8220;Austrian far-right in fresh push for EU respectability&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EUobserver\">EUobserver<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211107123044\/https:\/\/euobserver.com\/political\/32466\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved\u00a03 August\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-324\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.frontnational.com\/2012\/01\/marine-le-pen-en-autriche\/\">&#8220;Marine Le Pen en Autriche&#8221;<\/a>. Front National.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171110072159\/http:\/\/www.frontnational.com\/2012\/01\/marine-le-pen-en-autriche\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 10 November 2017. Retrieved\u00a027 February\u00a02012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-325\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/pdf\/grants\/parties\/EAF_2015.pdf\">&#8220;Archived copy&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190521081307\/https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/pdf\/grants\/parties\/EAF_2015.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0from the original on 21 May 2019. Retrieved\u00a024 April\u00a02018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-326\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Powell, Domenic (14 August 2012).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170611164035\/http:\/\/imagine2050.newcomm.org\/2012\/08\/14\/rep-joe-walsh-continues-to-fan-the-flames-of-islamophobia-and-its-accomplishing-his-goals\/\">&#8220;Rep. Joe Walsh continues to fan the flames of Islamophobia\u2014and it&#8217;s accomplishing his goals&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Imagine 2050<\/em>. Archived from the original on 11 June 2017. Retrieved\u00a017 July\u00a02016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-327\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Keating, Joshua (3 November 2011).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/blog.foreignpolicy.com\/posts\/2011\/11\/03\/marine_le_pens_awkward_day_on_capitol_hill\">&#8220;Marine Le Pen&#8217;s awkward day on Capitol Hill&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Foreign Policy<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140727031820\/http:\/\/blog.foreignpolicy.com\/posts\/2011\/11\/03\/marine_le_pens_awkward_day_on_capitol_hill\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 27 July 2014. Retrieved\u00a031 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-328\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Levenson, Claire (14 February 2017).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.slate.fr\/story\/137384\/marine-le-pen-rencontre-elu-congres-connu-pour-propos-racistes\">&#8220;Marine Le Pen rencontre un \u00e9lu am\u00e9ricain connu pour ses propos racistes&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Slate<\/em>\u00a0(in French).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170429073255\/http:\/\/www.slate.fr\/story\/137384\/marine-le-pen-rencontre-elu-congres-connu-pour-propos-racistes\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 29 April 2017. Retrieved\u00a024 April\u00a02017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-329\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonexaminer.com\/steve-bannon-to-address-far-right-event-in-france-where-marine-le-pen-will-reveal-new-name-for-national-front\">&#8220;Steve Bannon to address far-right event in France where Marine Le Pen will reveal new name for National Front&#8221;<\/a>. 9 March 2018.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200414234710\/https:\/\/www.washingtonexaminer.com\/steve-bannon-to-address-far-right-event-in-france-where-marine-le-pen-will-reveal-new-name-for-national-front\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 14 April 2020. Retrieved\u00a023 January\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-330\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2019\/05\/12\/french-mps-demand-inquiry-steve-bannons-links-marine-le-pen\/\">&#8220;French MPs demand inquiry into Steve Bannon&#8217;s links with Marine Le Pen&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Daily_Telegraph\">The Telegraph<\/a><\/em>. 12 May 2019.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200604115736\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2019\/05\/12\/french-mps-demand-inquiry-steve-bannons-links-marine-le-pen\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 4 June 2020. Retrieved\u00a023 January\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-331\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20131113-france-netherlands-far-right-le-pen-wilders-anti-european-union-alliance\">&#8220;Le Pen and Wilders unite to form eurosceptic alliance&#8221;<\/a>. 13 November 2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-332\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/le-pen-plans-for-far-right-parliament-group-fall-foul-of-bossi-move\/\">&#8220;Le Pen plans for far-right Parliament group fall foul of Bossi move&#8221;<\/a>. 28 July 2004.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-333\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilfattoquotidiano.it\/2013\/12\/15\/lega-il-voltafaccia-di-salvini-dai-comunisti-padani-allamicizia-con-lestrema-destra-ue\/813511\/\">&#8220;Lega, il salto di Salvini. Dai Comunisti padani all&#8217;amicizia con l&#8217;estrema destra&#8221;<\/a>. 15 December 2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-334\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/blogs-eu-27391499\">&#8220;Warfare between Eurosceptic camps: Le Pen v Farage&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>BBC News<\/em>. 13 May 2014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-335\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20140419-le-pen-fails-woo-britains-euro-sceptics-national-front-eu-elections\">&#8220;Le Pen&#8217;s National Front fail to woo Britain&#8217;s Eurosceptics&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>France24<\/em>. 19 April 2014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-336\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/europe\/eu\/10447939\/Geert-Wilders-invites-Nigel-Farage-to-join-anti-EU-alliance.html\">&#8220;Geert Wilders invites Nigel Farage to join anti-EU alliance&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Telegraph<\/em>. 13 November 2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-337\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/politics\/media\/2017\/03\/inevitably-nigel-farage-and-marine-le-pen-are-now-buddies\">&#8220;Inevitably, Nigel Farage and Marine Le Pen are now buddies&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Statesman\">New Statesman<\/a><\/em>. 14 March 2017.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170315163112\/http:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/politics\/media\/2017\/03\/inevitably-nigel-farage-and-marine-le-pen-are-now-buddies\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 15 March 2017. Retrieved\u00a015 March\u00a02017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-338\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/EuropeElects\/status\/1129133778717282309\">https:\/\/x.com\/EuropeElects\/status\/1129133778717282309<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-339\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/politics\/2019\/may\/29\/brexit-party-said-talks-to-join-far-right-group-in-eu-parliament\">&#8220;Brexit party in talks to join far-right group in EU parliament&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Guardian<\/em>. 29 May 2019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20190605-farage-poland-populists-eu-far-right-salvini-le-pen\">&#8220;Farage, Polish populists dash far-right hopes of grand EU alliance&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>France 24<\/em>. 5 May 2019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-341\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/unherd.com\/newsroom\/nigel-farage-rassemblement-national-will-be-a-disaster-for-france\/\">&#8220;Nigel Farage: Marine Le Pen&#8217;s economics would be &#8216;a disaster&#8217; for France&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>UnHerd<\/em>. 1 July 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-342\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.spectator.co.uk\/article\/farage-turns-on-marine-le-pen\/\">&#8220;Nigel Farage turns on Marine Le Pen&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Spectator<\/em>. 1 July 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-343\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.giorgiameloni.it\/2017\/05\/08\/meloni\/\">&#8220;Meloni a &#8220;Il Corriere della Sera&#8221;: &#8220;In Francia il voto della paura \u00e8 stato contro Le Pen&#8221;&#8221;<\/a>. 8 May 2017.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190524135305\/https:\/\/www.giorgiameloni.it\/2017\/05\/08\/meloni\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved\u00a023 January\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-344\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/politics\/article\/2022\/09\/23\/the-far-right-rift-between-france-s-marine-le-pen-and-italy-s-giorgia-meloni_5997953_5.html\">&#8220;The far-right rift between France&#8217;s Marine Le Pen and Italy&#8217;s Giorgia Meloni&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Le Monde<\/em>. 23 September 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-345\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/meloni-le-pen-rift-mars-far-rights-prospects-wielding-eu-power-2024-03-29\/\">&#8220;Insight: Meloni, Le Pen rift mars far right&#8217;s prospects of wielding EU power&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Reuters<\/em>. 1 April 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-346\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/politics\/news\/le-pen-praises-salvinis-previous-anti-migration-efforts-tackling-meloni\/\">&#8220;Le Pen praises Salvini&#8217;s previous anti-migration efforts, tackling Meloni&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Euractiv<\/em>. 18 September 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-347\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/politics\/article\/2024\/02\/02\/le-pen-draws-closer-to-meloni-and-distances-herself-from-germany-s-afd_6486350_5.html\">&#8220;Le Pen draws closer to Meloni and distances herself from Germany&#8217;s AfD&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Le Monde<\/em>. 2 February 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-348\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/en\/news\/francia-i-complimenti-di-meloni-a-le-pen-sono-state-superate-le-barriere-tra-le-forze-alternative-alla-sinistra\/\">&#8220;France, Meloni&#8217;s compliments to Le Pen: The barriers between the alternative forces to the left have been overcome&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Nova.news<\/em>. 1 July 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-349\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.20min.ch\/ro\/news\/monde\/story\/Geert-Wilders-voit-Marine-Le-Pen-presidente-en-2017-23367934\">&#8220;Geert Wilders voit Marine le Pen pr\u00e9sidente en 2017&#8221;<\/a>. 29 November 2014.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200418080701\/https:\/\/www.20min.ch\/ro\/news\/monde\/story\/Geert-Wilders-voit-Marine-Le-Pen-presidente-en-2017-23367934\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved\u00a023 January\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-350\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\u0418\u043c\u0435* (12 November 2021).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/srpskanarodnapartija.rs\/popovic-sa-predstavnicima-omladina-partija-clanica-grupe-identitet-i-demokratija\/\">&#8220;\u0421\u0440\u043f\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0458\u0430&#8221;<\/a>. Srpskanarodnapartija.rs. Retrieved\u00a027 February\u00a02022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-351\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/politics\/article\/2024\/03\/01\/putin-s-allies-in-the-european-parliament-rally-around-le-pen-s-party_6576763_5.html\">&#8220;Putin&#8217;s allies in the European Parliament rally around Le Pen&#8217;s party&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Le Monde<\/em>. 1 March 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-352\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elespanol.com\/espana\/politica\/20181202\/marine-pen-felicita-vox-resultado-andalucia-conozca\/357714833_0.html\">&#8220;Marine le Pen felicita a Vox por su resultado en Andaluc\u00eda antes de que se conozca&#8221;<\/a>. 2 December 2018.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200804131520\/https:\/\/www.elespanol.com\/espana\/politica\/20181202\/marine-pen-felicita-vox-resultado-andalucia-conozca\/357714833_0.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved\u00a023 January\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-353\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/politics\/news\/meloni-orban-le-pen-back-spanish-far-right-in-battle-against-brussels\/\">&#8220;Meloni, Orb\u00e1n, Le Pen back Spanish far right in &#8216;battle against Brussels'&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Euractiv<\/em>. 20 May 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-354\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/10\/29\/world\/asia\/india-kashmir-european.html\">&#8220;India Finally Lets Lawmakers into Kashmir: Far-Right Europeans&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_New_York_Times\">The New York Times<\/a><\/em>. 29 October 2019.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20191224013519\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/10\/29\/world\/asia\/india-kashmir-european.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 24 December 2019. Retrieved\u00a023 January\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-355\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.telegraphindia.com\/india\/22-of-27-eu-parliamentarians-visiting-kashmir-are-from-right-wing-parties\/cid\/1714921\">&#8220;22 of 27 EU parliamentarians visiting Kashmir are from Right-wing parties&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Telegraph_(India)\">The Telegraph (India)<\/a><\/em>. 28 October 2019.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200102091121\/https:\/\/www.telegraphindia.com\/india\/22-of-27-eu-parliamentarians-visiting-kashmir-are-from-right-wing-parties\/cid\/1714921\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved\u00a023 January\u00a02020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-356\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/information.tv5monde.com\/info\/bruxelles-le-pen-loue-le-bienfaisant-courage-de-la-pologne-face-l-ue-429536\">&#8220;\u00c0 Bruxelles, Le Pen loue le &#8220;bienfaisant courage&#8221; de la Pologne face \u00e0 l&#8217;UE&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TV5Monde\">TV5Monde<\/a><\/em>. 22 October 2021.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211025120756\/https:\/\/information.tv5monde.com\/info\/bruxelles-le-pen-loue-le-bienfaisant-courage-de-la-pologne-face-l-ue-429536\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved\u00a025 October\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-357\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/marine-le-pen-and-eric-zemmour-face-off-in-rival-rallies\/\">&#8220;Marine Le Pen and Eric Zemmour face off in rival rallies \u2013 POLITICO&#8221;<\/a>. 5 February 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-358\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Law and Justice (7 February 2024).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/pisorgpl_EN\/status\/1755257065147089265\">&#8220;News: Morawiecki inviting Orb\u00e1n&#8217;s Fidesz and Le Pen&#8217;s National Rally to join Law and Justice&#8217;s group in European Parliament. The common goal is &#8220;to save Europe&#8221; and &#8220;the ECR will most likely accept everyone who agrees against the dominant liberal and left-wing groups that are on course to destroy Europe,&#8221; says Morawiecki&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Twitter<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-359\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/elections\/news\/le-pen-questions-eu-level-alliance-with-afd-spelling-trouble-for-id-unity\/\">&#8220;Le Pen questions EU-level alliance with AfD, spelling trouble for ID unity&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Euractiv<\/em>. 26 January 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-360\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/politique\/mayotte-marine-le-pen-fachee-contre-l-afd-qui-s-interroge-sur-l-appartenance-de-l-ile-a-la-france-20240420\">&#8220;Mayotte: Marine Le Pen \u00abf\u00e2ch\u00e9e\u00bb contre l&#8217;AfD qui s&#8217;interroge sur l&#8217;appartenance de l&#8217;\u00eele \u00e0 la France&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Le Figaro<\/em>. 20 April 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-361\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/politique\/elections\/le-rn-rompt-avec-ses-allies-allemands-de-lafd-apres-des-declarations-sur-les-ss-20240521_LSL3Q6EWY5FQTCT66JKDRFWAJE\/\">&#8220;Parlement europ\u00e9en\u00a0: le RN rompt avec ses alli\u00e9s allemands de l&#8217;AfD apr\u00e8s des d\u00e9clarations sur les SS&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Liberation<\/em>. 21 May 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-362\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2024\/7\/10\/frances-macron-slams-israeli-ministers-backing-of-marine-le-pen\">&#8220;France&#8217;s Macron slams Israeli minister&#8217;s backing of Marine Le Pen&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Al Jazeera<\/em>. 10 July 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-363\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/themedialine.org\/top-stories\/diaspora-affairs-minister-chikli-stands-by-praise-for-frances-le-pen-exclusive\/\">&#8220;Diaspora Affairs Minister Chikli Stands by Praise for France&#8217;s Le Pen \u2013 Exclusive&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Media Line<\/em>. 7 October 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>, p.\u00a0319.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nsd.uib.no\/european_election_database\/country\/france\/\">&#8220;France: Elections 1990\u20132010&#8221;<\/a>. European Election Database.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170224133032\/http:\/\/www.nsd.uib.no\/european_election_database\/country\/france\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 24 February 2017. Retrieved\u00a06 September\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-366\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.interieur.gouv.fr\/Elections\/Les-resultats\/Regionales\/elecresult__regionales_1998\/(path)\/regionales_1998\/index.html\">&#8220;R\u00e9sultat des \u00e9lections R\u00e9gionales 1998&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(in French).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minister_of_the_Interior_(France)\">Minister of the Interior<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211029234526\/https:\/\/www.interieur.gouv.fr\/Elections\/Les-resultats\/Regionales\/elecresult__regionales_1998\/(path)\/regionales_1998\/index.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved\u00a019 November\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-367\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.interieur.gouv.fr\/Elections\/Les-resultats\/Regionales\/elecresult__regionales_2004\/(path)\/regionales_2004\/index.html\">&#8220;R\u00e9sultat des \u00e9lections R\u00e9gionales 2004&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(in French).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minister_of_the_Interior_(France)\">Minister of the Interior<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211107123324\/https:\/\/www.interieur.gouv.fr\/Elections\/Les-resultats\/Regionales\/elecresult__regionales_2004\/(path)\/regionales_2004\/index.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved\u00a019 November\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-368\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.interieur.gouv.fr\/Elections\/Les-resultats\/Regionales\/elecresult__regionales-2015\/(path)\/regionales-2015\/index.html\">&#8220;R\u00e9sultat des \u00e9lections R\u00e9gionales 2010&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(in French).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minister_of_the_Interior_(France)\">Minister of the Interior<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120320014435\/http:\/\/www.interieur.gouv.fr\/sections\/a_votre_service\/resultats-elections\/reg2010\/FE.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved\u00a019 November\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-369\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.interieur.gouv.fr\/Elections\/Les-resultats\/Regionales\/elecresult__regionales-2015\/(path)\/regionales-2015\/index.html\">&#8220;R\u00e9sultat des \u00e9lections R\u00e9gionales 2015&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(in French).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minister_of_the_Interior_(France)\">Minister of the Interior<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211107123203\/https:\/\/www.interieur.gouv.fr\/Elections\/Les-resultats\/Regionales\/elecresult__regionales-2015\/(path)\/regionales-2015\/index.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved\u00a019 November\u00a02021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-370\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.interieur.gouv.fr\/Elections\/Les-resultats\/Regionales\/elecresult__regionales-2021\/(path)\/regionales-2021\/index.html\">&#8220;R\u00e9sultat des \u00e9lections R\u00e9gionales 2021&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(in French).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minister_of_the_Interior_(France)\">Minister of the Interior<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211107123445\/http:\/\/www.interieur.gouv.fr\/Elections\/Les-resultats\/Regionales\/elecresult__regionales-2021\/(path)\/regionales-2021\/index.html\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved\u00a06 September\u00a02011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Rally#cite_ref-371\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/elections.bfmtv.com\/\">&#8220;R\u00e9sultats de l&#8217;\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle 2017&#8221;<\/a>. Elections.bfmtv.com. Retrieved\u00a027 February\u00a02022.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Sources\">3.2 \u6765\u6e90\u6587\u732e | Sources<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-Yves_Camus\">Camus, Jean-Yves<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicolas_Lebourg\">Lebourg, Nicolas<\/a>\u00a0(2017).\u00a0<em>Far-Right Politics in Europe<\/em>. Harvard University Press.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780674971530\"><bdi>9780674971530<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Davies, Peter (2012).\u00a0<em>The National Front in France: Ideology, Discourse and Power<\/em>. Routledge.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-134-72530-4\"><bdi>978-1-134-72530-4<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DeClair, Edward G. (1999).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=t4xTc6CW78QC\"><em>Politics on the Fringe: The People, Policies, and Organization of the French National Front<\/em><\/a>. Duke University.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-8223-2139-2\"><bdi>978-0-8223-2139-2<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kitschelt, Herbert; McGann, Anthony J. (1997).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=AZiD0rsmqO4C&amp;pg=PA91\">&#8220;France: The National Front As Prototype of the New Radical Right&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>The Radical Right in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis<\/em>. University of Michigan. pp.\u00a091\u2013120.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-472-08441-8\"><bdi>978-0-472-08441-8<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shields, James (2007).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=XVif-FAKfZIC\"><em>The Extreme Right in France: From P\u00e9tain to Le Pen<\/em><\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Routledge\">Routledge<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-415-37200-8\"><bdi>978-0-415-37200-8<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\">4. \u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-1\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35003920\">Vive la difference \u2013 has France&#8217;s Front National changed?<\/a>. BBC News. 5 December 2015\u00a0[21 June\u00a02018]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180717051037\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35003920\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e17 July 2018\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-2\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Lignier, Sebastien.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.valeursactuelles.com\/politique\/le-rassemblement-national-bat-son-record-dadhesions\">Le Rassemblement national bat son record d&#8217;adh\u00e9sions<\/a>. Valeurs actuelles. 22 June 2023\u00a0[4 August\u00a02023]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230703075816\/https:\/\/www.valeursactuelles.com\/politique\/le-rassemblement-national-bat-son-record-dadhesions\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2023-07-03\uff09\u00a0<strong>\uff08fr-FR\uff09<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-3\">^<\/a><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Jens Rydgren. France: The Front National, Ethnonationalism and Populism. Twenty-First Century Populism. Link.springer.com. 2008: 166\u2013180.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/978-1-349-28476-4\">ISBN\u00a0978-1-349-28476-4<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057%2F9780230592100_11\">doi:10.1057\/9780230592100_11<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/sep\/18\/nation-state-marine-le-pen-global-mood-france-brexit-trump-front-national\">&#8216;The nation state is back&#8217;: Front National&#8217;s Marine Le Pen rides on global mood<\/a>. the Guardian. 18 September 2016\u00a0[2023-10-11]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170728112642\/https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/sep\/18\/nation-state-marine-le-pen-global-mood-france-brexit-trump-front-national\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2017-07-28\uff09\u00a0<strong>\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff09<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/europe\/2022\/11\/03\/marine-le-pen-says-sanctions-on-russia-are-not-working\">Marine Le Pen says sanctions on Russia are not working<\/a>. The Economist.\u00a0[2023-10-11]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230802191915\/https:\/\/www.economist.com\/europe\/2022\/11\/03\/marine-le-pen-says-sanctions-on-russia-are-not-working\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2023-08-02\uff09.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-4\">^<\/a><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/politiques\/2014\/04\/21\/depuis-2011-le-fn-est-devenu-protectionniste-au-sens-large_1001771\">Depuis 2011, le FN est devenu &#8220;protectionniste au sens large&#8221;<\/a>. Liberation. 21 April 2014\u00a0[9 August\u00a02014]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150927204331\/http:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/politiques\/2014\/04\/21\/depuis-2011-le-fn-est-devenu-protectionniste-au-sens-large_1001771\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e27 September 2015\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Taylor, Adam.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/worldviews\/wp\/2015\/01\/08\/french-far-right-leader-seeks-to-reintroduce-death-penalty-after-charlie-hebdo-attack\/\">French far-right leader seeks to reintroduce death penalty after Charlie Hebdo attack<\/a>. The Washington Post. 8 January 2015\u00a0[31 March\u00a02015]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150707005414\/http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/worldviews\/wp\/2015\/01\/08\/french-far-right-leader-seeks-to-reintroduce-death-penalty-after-charlie-hebdo-attack\/\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e7 July 2015\uff09.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-6\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Garnier, Christophe-C\u00e9cil.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.slate.fr\/story\/111151\/couleur-front-national-cartes-regionales\">Quelle doit \u00eatre la couleur du Front national sur les cartes \u00e9lectorales?<\/a>. Slate. 7 December 2015\u00a0[6 May\u00a02018]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180614172549\/http:\/\/www.slate.fr\/story\/111151\/couleur-front-national-cartes-regionales\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e14 June 2018\uff09\u00a0<strong>\uff08\u6cd5\u8bed\uff09<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-8\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6242585.stm\">Can Le Pen win French election?<\/a>. London: BBC News. 2007-01-08\u00a0[2010-03-25]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201205120854\/http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6242585.stm\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2020-12-05\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-9\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081218192023\/http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/SPECIALS\/2000\/eurounion\/story\/haider\/\">CNN Specials &#8211; The Haider Effect<\/a>. CNN.\u00a0[2011-03-06]. \uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/SPECIALS\/2000\/eurounion\/story\/haider\">\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<\/a>\u5b58\u6863\u4e8e2008-12-18\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-10\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Hainsworth, Paul. 2000. &#8220;The Front National: From Ascendancy to Fragmentation on the French Extreme Right.&#8221; In\u00a0<em>The Politics of the Extreme Right<\/em>, ed. Paul Hainsworth, 18-31. London: Pinter.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-11\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/world\/europe\/1969847.stm\">Analysis: Far-right lives to fight again<\/a>. London: BBC News. 2002-05-05\u00a0[2010-03-25]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180904140816\/http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/world\/europe\/1969847.stm\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e2018-09-04\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-12\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20060720121511\/http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/web\/article\/0,1-0@2-3224,36-794895@51-776560,0.html\">Jean-Marie Le Pen renvoy\u00e9 devant la justice pour ses propos sur l&#8217;Occupation<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Le_Monde\">Le Monde<\/a>. 2006-07-13\u00a0[2011-03-06]. \uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/web\/article\/0,1-0@2-3224,36-794895@51-776560,0.html\/\">\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<\/a>\u5b58\u6863\u4e8e2006-07-20\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-13\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20051202070925\/http:\/\/www.irr.org.uk\/europebulletin\/france\/extreme_right_politics\/1995\/ak000006.html\">IRR: Issues in the French presidential elections<\/a>.\u00a0[2011-04-23]. \uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/www.irr.org.uk\/europebulletin\/france\/extreme_right_politics\/1995\/ak000006.html\">\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<\/a>\u5b58\u6863\u4e8e2005-12-02\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-14\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Davies, Peter (2002). The Extreme Right in France, 1789 to the Present. London: Routledge. pp136.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-15\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<em>Notre si\u00e8cle<\/em>, 1988, Fayard<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-16\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Marcus, Jonathan (1995). The National Front and French Politics. New York: New York University Press. pp.102-103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-17\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Davies, Peter (2002). The Extreme Right in France. p143.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0Marcus, Jonathan (1995). The National Front and French Politics. pp.12-26<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0Nonna Mayer, Mariette Sineau, &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.elections2002.sciences-po.fr\/Enjeux\/pdf\/FN%20-%20VD%202001.pdf\">France:The Front National<\/a>\u00a0\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190712110552\/http:\/\/www.elections2002.sciences-po.fr\/Enjeux\/pdf\/FN%20-%20VD%202001.pdf\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09&#8221; in Helga Amsberger,\u00a0<em>Rechtsextreme Parteien<\/em>, Leverkusen, Leske &amp; Budrich, 2002, on the website of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Sciences-Po&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Sciences-Po<\/a>\u00a0(p.4)\u00a0<strong>\uff08\u82f1\u6587\uff09<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-20\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Interview of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Pierre-Andr%C3%A9_Taguieff&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Pierre-Andr\u00e9 Taguieff<\/a>\u00a0by Val\u00e9rie Igounet, Paris, 2 avril 1993, quoted by Val\u00e9rie Igounet, in\u00a0<em>Histoire du n\u00e9gationnisme en France<\/em>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Le_Seuil&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Le Seuil<\/a>, 2000.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-21\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Henry_Rousso&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Henry Rousso<\/a>, &#8220;Les habits neufs du n\u00e9gationniste,&#8221; in\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=L%27Histoire&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">L&#8217;Histoire<\/a><\/em>\u00a0n\u00b0318, March 2007, pp.26-28\u00a0<strong>\uff08\u6cd5\u6587\uff09<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-22\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Le Point n\u00b01546, 22 January 2007\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/actualites-politique\/le-pen-et-ses-fantomes\/917\/0\/62572\">Le Pen et ses fant\u00f4mes<\/a>\u00a0\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090220171939\/http:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/actualites-politique\/le-pen-et-ses-fantomes\/917\/0\/62572\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-23\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Marcus, Jonathan (1995). The National Front and French Politics. pp.35-39<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-JP_24-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140714173138\/http:\/\/news.iyaxin.com\/content\/2010-08\/17\/content_2073164.htm\">\u5b58\u6863\u526f\u672c<\/a>.\u00a0[2014-07-02]. \uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/news.iyaxin.com\/content\/2010-08\/17\/content_2073164.htm\">\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<\/a>\u5b58\u6863\u4e8e2014-07-14\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007261_25-0\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>\uff0c\u7b2c261\u9875.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^ <a href=\"http:\/\/www.election-politique.com\/fn.php\">FN<\/a>\u00a0\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081108014658\/http:\/\/www.election-politique.com\/fn.php\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09 on\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.election-politique.com\/\">http:\/\/www.election-politique.com<\/a>\u00a0\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20020805175327\/http:\/\/www.election-politique.com\/\">\u9875\u9762\u5b58\u6863\u5907\u4efd<\/a>\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86\">\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/a>\uff09\u00a0<strong>\uff08\u6cd5\u6587\uff09<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#CITEREFShields2007\">Shields 2007<\/a>\uff0c\u7b2c319\u9875.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nsd.uib.no\/european_election_database\/country\/france\/\">France: Elections 1990\u20132010<\/a>. European Election Database.\u00a0[6 September\u00a02011]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170224133032\/http:\/\/www.nsd.uib.no\/european_election_database\/country\/france\/\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e24 February 2017\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-29\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.interieur.gouv.fr\/Elections\/Les-resultats\/Regionales\/elecresult__regionales_1998\/(pa)\/regionales_1998\/index.html\">R\u00e9sultat des \u00e9lections R\u00e9gionales 1998<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8\">\u6cd5\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u90e8<\/a>.\u00a0[19 November\u00a02021]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211029234526\/https:\/\/www.interieur.gouv.fr\/Elections\/Les-resultats\/Regionales\/elecresult__regionales_1998\/(pa)\/regionales_1998\/index.html\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e7 November 2021\uff09\u00a0<strong>\uff08\u6cd5\u8bed\uff09<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-30\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.interieur.gouv.fr\/Elections\/Les-resultats\/Regionales\/elecresult__regionales_2004\/(pa)\/regionales_2004\/index.html\">R\u00e9sultat des \u00e9lections R\u00e9gionales 2004<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8\">\u6cd5\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u90e8<\/a>.\u00a0[19 November\u00a02021]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211107123324\/https:\/\/www.interieur.gouv.fr\/Elections\/Les-resultats\/Regionales\/elecresult__regionales_2004\/(pa)\/regionales_2004\/index.html\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e7 November 2021\uff09\u00a0<strong>\uff08\u6cd5\u8bed\uff09<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-31\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.interieur.gouv.fr\/Elections\/Les-resultats\/Regionales\/elecresult__regionales-2015\/(pa)\/regionales-2015\/index.html\">R\u00e9sultat des \u00e9lections R\u00e9gionales 2010<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8\">\u6cd5\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u90e8<\/a>.\u00a0[19 November\u00a02021]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120320014435\/http:\/\/www.interieur.gouv.fr\/sections\/a_votre_service\/resultats-elections\/reg2010\/FE.html\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e7 November 2021\uff09\u00a0<strong>\uff08\u6cd5\u8bed\uff09<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-32\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.interieur.gouv.fr\/Elections\/Les-resultats\/Regionales\/elecresult__regionales-2015\/(pa)\/regionales-2015\/index.html\">R\u00e9sultat des \u00e9lections R\u00e9gionales 2015<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8\">\u6cd5\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u90e8<\/a>.\u00a0[19 November\u00a02021]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211107123203\/https:\/\/www.interieur.gouv.fr\/Elections\/Les-resultats\/Regionales\/elecresult__regionales-2015\/(pa)\/regionales-2015\/index.html\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e7 November 2021\uff09\u00a0<strong>\uff08\u6cd5\u8bed\uff09<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-33\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.interieur.gouv.fr\/Elections\/Les-resultats\/Regionales\/elecresult__regionales-2021\/(pa)\/regionales-2021\/index.html\">R\u00e9sultat des \u00e9lections R\u00e9gionales 2021<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8\">\u6cd5\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u90e8<\/a>.\u00a0[6 September\u00a02011]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211107123445\/http:\/\/www.interieur.gouv.fr\/Elections\/Les-resultats\/Regionales\/elecresult__regionales-2021\/(pa)\/regionales-2021\/index.html\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e7 November 2021\uff09\u00a0<strong>\uff08\u6cd5\u8bed\uff09<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-34\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220602043223\/https:\/\/elections.bfmtv.com\/\">R\u00e9sultats de l&#8217;\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle 2017<\/a>. Elections.bfmtv.com.\u00a0[2022-02-27]. \uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/elections.bfmtv.com\/\">\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<\/a>\u5b58\u6863\u4e8e2022-06-02\uff09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)#cite_ref-35\">^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/elections.interieur.gouv.fr\/ER2014\/FE.html\">Mes d\u00e9marches \/ A votre service \u2013 Minist\u00e8re de l&#8217;Int\u00e9rieur<\/a>. Elections.interieur.gouv.fr.\u00a0[31 March\u00a02015]. \uff08\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140529223210\/http:\/\/elections.interieur.gouv.fr\/ER2014\/FE.html\">\u5b58\u6863<\/a>\u4e8e29 May 2014\uff09\u00a0<strong>\uff08\u6cd5\u8bed\uff09<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2 \u6765\u6e90\u6587\u732e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Jean-Yves_Camus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Camus, Jean-Yves<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nicolas_Lebourg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Lebourg, Nicolas<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/farrightpolitics0000camu\">Far-Right Politics in Europe<\/a>. Harvard University Press. 2017.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/9780674971530\">ISBN\u00a09780674971530<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Davies, Peter. The National Front in France: Ideology, Discourse and Power. Routledge. 2012.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/978-1-134-72530-4\">ISBN\u00a0978-1-134-72530-4<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DeClair, Edward G.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=t4xTc6CW78QC\">Politics on the Fringe: The People, Policies, and Organization of the French National Front<\/a>. Duke University. 1999.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/978-0-8223-2139-2\">ISBN\u00a0978-0-8223-2139-2<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kitschelt, Herbert; McGann, Anthony J.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=AZiD0rsmqO4C&amp;pg=PA91\">France: The National Front As Prototype of the New Radical Right<\/a>. The Radical Right in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis. University of Michigan. 1997: 91\u2013120.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/978-0-472-08441-8\">ISBN\u00a0978-0-472-08441-8<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shields, James.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=XVif-FAKfZIC\">The Extreme Right in France: From P\u00e9tain to Le Pen<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Routledge\">Routledge<\/a>. 2007.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90\/978-0-415-37200-8\">ISBN\u00a0978-0-415-37200-8<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Further_reading\">5. \u5ef6\u4f38\u9605\u8bfb | Further reading<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>Beauzamy, Brigitte (2013). &#8220;Explaining the Rise of the Front National to Electoral Prominence: Multi-Faceted or Contradictory Models?&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse<\/em>. London\/New York: Bloomsbury. pp.\u00a0177\u2013190.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-78093-343-6\"><bdi>978-1-78093-343-6<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Davies, Peter (1999).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=RDHOCh1y_wQC\"><em>The National Front in France: Ideology, Discourse and Power<\/em><\/a>. Routledge.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-415-15866-4\"><bdi>978-0-415-15866-4<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hainsworth, Paul (2012). &#8220;The Extreme Right in France: From P\u00e9tain to Le Pen&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Modern &amp; Contemporary France<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>20<\/strong>\u00a0(3): 392.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F09639489.2012.691290\">10.1080\/09639489.2012.691290<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\">S2CID<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:145348163\">145348163<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Joly, Bertrand (2008).\u00a0<em>Nationalistes et Conservateurs en France, 1885\u20131902<\/em>\u00a0(in French). Les Indes Savantes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mayer, Nonna (2013).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150626004928\/http:\/\/pa.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/66\/1\/160.short\">&#8220;From Jean-Marie to Marine Le Pen: Electoral Change on the Far Right&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/pa.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/66\/1\/160.short\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on 26 June 2015. Retrieved\u00a031 March\u00a02015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Russo, Luana (2014).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20141027121835\/http:\/\/www.laurasudulich.eu\/1\/150\/resources\/news_647_1.pdf#page=181\">&#8220;France: The historic victory of the Front National&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). In De Sio L.; Emanuele V.; Maggini N. (eds.).\u00a0<em>The European Parliament Elections of 2014<\/em>. Rome: CISE. pp.\u00a0181\u2013188.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-88-98012-15-2\"><bdi>978-88-98012-15-2<\/bdi><\/a>. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.laurasudulich.eu\/1\/150\/resources\/news_647_1.pdf#page=181\">the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on 27 October 2014. Retrieved\u00a027 October\u00a02014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shields, James (2013). &#8220;Marine Le Pen and the &#8216;New&#8217; FN: A Change of Style or of Substance?&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Parliamentary Affairs<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>66<\/strong>\u00a0(1): 179\u2013196.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fpa%2Fgss076\">10.1093\/pa\/gss076<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Simmons, Harvey G. (1996).\u00a0<em>The French National Front: The Extremist Challenge To Democracy<\/em>. Westview Press.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0813389790\"><bdi>978-0813389790<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michel_Winock\">Winock, Michel<\/a>\u00a0(1993).\u00a0<em>Histoire de l&#8217;extr\u00eame droite en France<\/em>\u00a0(in French).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"External_links\">6. \u5916\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5 | External links<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Wikimedia Commons has media related to&nbsp;<strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Rassemblement_National\">Rassemblement National<\/a><\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/rassemblementnational.fr\/\">Official website<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q205150#P856\"><\/a>\u00a0(in French)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/fninfos.fr\/\">FNinfos, the official website of National Front activists<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170507014848\/http:\/\/fninfos.fr\/\">Archived<\/a>\u00a07 May 2017 at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nationspresse.info\/\">Nations Presse Info, an information Website near the National Front<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.english.rfi.fr\/economy\/20120503-has-marine-le-pen-made-frances-front-national-respectable\">Has Marine Le Pen made France&#8217;s Front National respectable? RFI English<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/the-european-far-right-actually-right-or-left-or-something-altogether-different-6796\">Marine Le Pen&#8217;s Protectionist Economics and Social Conservatism<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff1a\u8bf7\u70b9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[41,103],"tags":[155,101],"class_list":["post-4537","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-europe-except-cis","category-parties","tag-155","tag-101"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4537","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4537"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4537\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4537"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4537"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cathayvista.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4537"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}